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Wertenbaker + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Planters of Colonial Virginia + +Author: Thomas J. Wertenbaker + +Release Date: May 24, 2010 [EBook #32507] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PLANTERS OF COLONIAL VIRGINIA *** + + + + +Produced by Mark C. Orton, Christine Aldridge and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="tr"> +<p>Transcriber's Notes:</p> + +<p>1. Corrections to minor spelling, punctuation, or other errors in the +original text appear in a detailed list at the end of this e-text.</p> + +<p>4. Notations of inconsistencies in the original text, specifically the +Appendix, Footnotes and Index, which have been retained, appear at the end of this e-text.</p> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><i>The Planters of Colonial Virginia</i></h2> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h1><span style="font-size: 80%;"><i>The</i></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1em;"> PLANTERS OF<br /> +COLONIAL VIRGINIA</span></h1> + +<h3>By THOMAS J. WERTENBAKER</h3> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> +<img src="images/titlepg.jpg" width="300" height="200" alt="Title Page Image" title="Title Page Image" /> +</div> + + +<h4><i>New York</i></h4> +<h3><span style="letter-spacing: 0.1em;">RUSSELL & RUSSELL</span></h3> +<h4>1959</h4> + + +<p class="center" style="padding-top: 2em;">COPYRIGHT 1922 BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS</p> + +<p class="center">COPYRIGHT 1958, 1959 BY THOMAS J. WERTENBAKER</p> + +<p class="center" style="padding-top: 2em;">LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 59-11228</p> + +<p class="center" style="padding-top: 2em; font-size: 80%;">PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span></p> +<h2>PREFACE</h2> + + +<p>America since the days of Captain John Smith has been the +land of hope for multitudes in Europe. In many an humble +home, perhaps in some English village, or an Ulster farm, or +in the Rhine valley, one might find a family assembled for the +reading of a letter from son, or brother, or friend, who had +made the great venture of going to the New World. "Land is +abundant here and cheap," the letter would state. "Wages are +high, food is plentiful, farmers live better than lords. If one +will work only five days a week one can live grandly."</p> + +<p>In pamphlets intended to encourage immigration the opportunities +for advancement were set forth in glowing colors. +In Virginia alone, it was stated, in 1649, there were "of kine, +oxen, bulls, calves, twenty thousand, large and good." When +the traveller Welby came to America he was surprised to "see +no misery, no disgusting army of paupers, not even beggars;" +while Henry B. Fearson noted that laborers were "more erect +in their posture, less careworn in their countenances" than +those of Europe.</p> + +<p>In Virginia, as in other colonies, it was the cheapness of +land and the dearness of labor which gave the newcomer his +chance to rise. The rich man might possess many thousands of +acres, but they would profit him nothing unless he could find +the labor to put them under cultivation. Indentured workers +met his needs in part, but they were expensive, hard to acquire, +and served for only four years. If he hired freemen he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a></span> +would have to pay wages which in England would have +seemed fantastic.</p> + +<p>Thus the so-called servants who had completed their terms +and men who had come over as freemen found it easy to earn +enough to buy small plantations of their own. That thousands +did so is shown by the Rent Roll which is published as an +appendix to this book. One has only to glance at it to see that +the large plantations are vastly outnumbered by the small +farms of the yeomen. It proves that Virginia at the beginning +of the eighteenth century was not the land of huge estates, +worked by servants and slaves, but of a numerous, prosperous +middle class.</p> + +<p>Owning plantations of from fifty to five hundred acres, +cultivating their fields of tobacco, their patches of Indian corn +and wheat, their vegetable gardens and orchards with their +own labor or the labor of their sons, the yeomen enjoyed a +sense of independence and dignity. It was their votes which +determined the character of the Assembly, it was they who +resisted most strongly all assaults upon the liberties of the +people.</p> + +<p>As the small farmer, after the day's work was over, sat +before his cottage smoking his long clay pipe, he could reflect +that for him the country had fulfilled its promise. The +land around him was his own; his tobacco brought in enough +for him to purchase clothes, farm implements, and household +goods.</p> + +<p>But he frowned as he thought of the slave ship which had +come into the nearby river, and landed a group of Negroes +who were all bought by his wealthy neighbors. If Virginia +were flooded with slaves, would it not cheapen production<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span> +and lower the price of tobacco? Could he and his sons, when +they hoed their fields with their own hands, compete with +slave labor?</p> + +<p>The event fully justified these fears. The yeoman class in +Virginia was doomed. In the face of the oncoming tide they +had three alternatives—to save enough money to buy a slave +or two, to leave the country, or to sink into poverty.</p> + +<p>It was the acquiring of a few slaves by the small planter +which saved the middle class. Before the end of the colonial +period a full fifty per cent. of the slaveholders had from one +to five only. Seventy-five per cent. had less than ten. The +small farmer, as he led his newly acquired slaves from the +auction block to his plantation may have regretted that self-preservation +had forced him to depend on their labor rather +than his own. But he could see all around him the fate of +those who had no slaves, as they became "poor white trash." +And he must have looked on with pity as a neighbor gathered +up his meager belongings and, deserting his little plantation, +set out for the remote frontier.</p> + +<p>It was one of the great crimes of history, this undermining +of the yeoman class by the importation of slaves. The wrong +done to the Negro himself has been universally condemned; +the wrong done the white man has attracted less attention. +It effectively deprived him of his American birthright—the +high return for his labor. It transformed Virginia and the +South from a land of hard working, self-respecting, independent +yeomen, to a land of slaves and slaveholders.</p> + +<p> +<i>Princeton, New Jersey</i> <span class="signature" style="font-variant: small-caps;">Thomas J. Wertenbaker</span><br /> +<span style="padding-left: 1em;"><i>August, 1957</i></span> +</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p> +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="CONTENTS"> + +<tr><td class="chap">CHAPTER</td><td class="tcol1"> I:</td> +<td class="tcol2"> ENGLAND IN THE NEW WORLD</td><td class="tcol3"><a href="#Page_7">7</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="chap">CHAPTER</td><td class="tcol1"> II:</td> +<td class="tcol2"> THE INDIAN WEED</td><td class="tcol3"><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="chap">CHAPTER</td><td class="tcol1"> III:</td> +<td class="tcol2"> THE VIRGINIA YEOMANRY</td><td class="tcol3"><a href="#Page_38">38</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="chap">CHAPTER</td><td class="tcol1"> IV:</td> +<td class="tcol2"> FREEMEN AND FREEDMEN</td><td class="tcol3"><a href="#Page_60">60</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="chap">CHAPTER</td><td class="tcol1"> V:</td> +<td class="tcol2"> THE RESTORATION PERIOD</td><td class="tcol3"><a href="#Page_84">84</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="chap">CHAPTER</td><td class="tcol1"> VI:</td> +<td class="tcol2"> THE YEOMAN IN VIRGINIA HISTORY</td><td class="tcol3"><a href="#Page_101">101</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="chap">CHAPTER</td><td class="tcol1"> VII:</td> +<td class="tcol2"> WORLD TRADE</td><td class="tcol3"><a href="#Page_115">115</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="chap">CHAPTER</td><td class="tcol1"> VIII:</td> +<td class="tcol2"> BENEATH THE BLACK TIDE</td><td class="tcol3"><a href="#Page_134">134</a></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="chap" colspan="3">NOTES TO CHAPTERS</td><td class="tcol3"><a href="#Page_162">162</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="chap" colspan="3">APPENDIX</td><td class="tcol3"><a href="#Page_181">181</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="chap" colspan="3">INDEX</td><td class="tcol3"><a href="#Page_249">249</a></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></p> +<h2><i>CHAPTER I</i></h2> + +<h4><span class="smcap">England in the New World</span></h4> + + +<p>At the beginning of the Seventeenth century colonial expansion +had become for England an economic necessity. Because +of the depletion of her forests, which constituted perhaps +the most important of her natural resources, she could +no longer look for prosperity from the old industries that +for centuries had been her mainstay. In the days when the +Norman conquerors first set foot upon English soil the virgin +woods, broken occasionally by fields and villages, had stretched +in dense formation from the Scottish border to Sussex and +Devonshire. But with the passage of five centuries a great +change had been wrought. The growing population, the expansion +of agriculture, the increasing use of wood for fuel, +for shipbuilding, and for the construction of houses, had by +the end of the Tudor period so denuded the forests that they +no longer sufficed for the most pressing needs of the country.</p> + +<p>Even at the present day it is universally recognized that a +certain proportion of wooded land is essential to the prosperity +and productivity of any country. And whenever this is lacking, +not only do the building, furniture, paper and other industries +suffer, but the rainfall proves insufficient, spring +floods are frequent and the fertility of the soil is impaired by +washing. These misfortunes are slight, however, compared +with the disastrous results of the gradual thinning out of the +forests of Elizabethan England. The woods were necessary<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span> +for three all-important industries, the industries upon which +the prosperity and wealth of the nation were largely dependent—shipbuilding, +for which were needed timber, masts, pitch, +tar, resin; the manufacture of woolens, calling for a large +supply of potash; smelting of all kinds, since three hundred +years ago wood and not coal was the fuel used in the furnaces. +It was with the deepest apprehension, then, that thoughtful +Englishmen watched the gradual reduction of the forest areas, +for it seemed to betoken for their country a period of declining +prosperity and economic decay. "When therefore our +mils of Iron and excesse of building have already turned our +greatest woods into pasture and champion within these few +years," says a writer of this period, "neither the scattered +forests of England, nor the diminished groves of Ireland will +supply the defect of our navy."<a name="FNanchor_1-1_1" id="FNanchor_1-1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-1_1" class="fnanchor">[1-1]</a></p> + +<p>From this intolerable situation England sought relief +through foreign commerce. If she could no longer smelt her +own iron, if she could not produce ship-stores or burn her +own wood ashes, these things might be procured from countries +where the forests were still extensive, countries such as +those bordering the Baltic—Germany, Poland, Russia, Sweden. +And so the vessels of the Muscovy Company in the second +half of the Sixteenth century passed through the Cattegat in +large numbers to make their appearance at Reval and Libau +and Danzig, seeking there the raw materials so vitally necessary +to England. "Muscovia and Polina doe yeerly receive +many thousands for Pitch, Tarre, Sope Ashes, Rosen, Flax, +Cordage, Sturgeon, Masts, Yards, Wainscot, Firres, Glasse, +and such like," wrote Captain John Smith, "also Swethland +for Iron and Copper."<a name="FNanchor_1-2_2" id="FNanchor_1-2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-2_2" class="fnanchor">[1-2]</a></p> + +<p>But this solution of her problem was obviously unsatisfactory +to England. The northern voyage was long, dangerous +and costly; the King of Denmark, who controlled the entrance<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> +to the Baltic, had it within his power at any moment to exclude +the English traders; the Muscovy company no longer enjoyed +exemption from customs in Prussia, Denmark and Russia. +In case war should break out among the northern nations +this trade might for a time be cut off entirely, resulting +in strangulation for England's basic industries. "The merchant +knoweth," said the author of <i>A True Declaration</i>, "that +through the troubles in Poland & Muscovy, (whose eternall +warres are like the Antipathy of the Dragon & Elephant) all +their traffique for Masts, Deales, Pitch, Tarre, Flax, Hempe, +and Cordage, are every day more and more indangered."<a name="FNanchor_1-3_3" id="FNanchor_1-3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-3_3" class="fnanchor">[1-3]</a> +Moreover, the trade was much impeded by the ice which for +several months each year choked some of the northern ports.</p> + +<p>The most alarming aspect of this unfortunate situation was +the effect of the shortage of shipbuilding material upon the +merchant marine. Situated as it was upon an island, England +enjoyed communication with the nations of the world only +by means of the ocean pathways. Whatever goods came to +her doors, whatever goods of her own manufacture she sent +to foreign markets, could be transported only by sea. It was +a matter of vital import to her, then, to build up and maintain +a fleet of merchant vessels second to none. But this was +obviously difficult if not impossible when "the furniture of +shipping" such as "Masts, Cordage, Pitch, Tar, Rossen" were +not produced in quantity by England itself, and could be had +"only by the favor of forraigne potency."<a name="FNanchor_1-4_4" id="FNanchor_1-4_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-4_4" class="fnanchor">[1-4]</a> Already, it was +stated, the decay of shipping was manifest, while large numbers +of able mariners were forced to seek employment in other +countries. "You know how many men for want of imploiment, +betake themselves to Tunis, Spaine and Florence," declared +one observer, "and to serve in courses not warrantable, +which would better beseeme our own walles and borders to +bee spread with such branches, that their native countrey and<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> +not forreine Princes might reape their fruit, as being both +exquisite Navigators, and resolute men for service, as any +the world affords."<a name="FNanchor_1-5_5" id="FNanchor_1-5_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-5_5" class="fnanchor">[1-5]</a></p> + +<p>It must be remembered that the merchant vessel three hundred +years ago constituted an important part of the nation's +sea defence. The fleet which met the mighty Spanish Armada +in the Channel and inflicted upon it so decisive a defeat, was +made up in large part of volunteer ships from every English +port. And the Britisher knew full well that the merchant marine +constituted the "wooden walls" of his country, knew that +its decay would leave England almost defenseless. At the +moment when one able writer was pointing out that "the +Realme of England is an Island impossible to be otherwise +fortified than by stronge shippes," another was complaining +that there were scarce two vessels of 100 tons belonging to +the whole city of Bristol, and few or none along the Severn +from Gloucester to Land's End on one side, and to Milford +Haven on the other.<a name="FNanchor_1-6_6" id="FNanchor_1-6_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-6_6" class="fnanchor">[1-6]</a></p> + +<p>For this intolerable situation there could be but one remedy—England +must secure colonial possessions to supply her with +the products for which her forests were no longer sufficient. +Her bold navigators had already crossed the Atlantic, returning +with alluring stories of the limitless resources of the New +World, of mighty forests spreading in unbroken array for +hundreds of miles along the coast and back into the interior +as far as the eye could see.<a name="FNanchor_1-7_7" id="FNanchor_1-7_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-7_7" class="fnanchor">[1-7]</a> Why, it was asked, should Englishmen +be forced to make the hazardous journey to the Baltic +in order to procure from other nations what they might easily +have for themselves by taking possession of some of the limitless +unoccupied areas of America? It was folly to remain in +economic bondage while the road to independence stretched so +invitingly before them.</p> + +<p>Long before the Goodspeed, the Discovery and the Sarah<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> +Constant turned their prows into the waters of the James, +able English writers were urging upon the nation the absolute +necessity for colonial expansion. In 1584 the farseeing Hakluyt +pointed out that the recent voyage of Sir Humphrey Gilbert +had proved that "pitche, tarr, rosen, sope ashes" could be +produced in America in great plenty, "yea, as it is thought, +ynoughe to serve the whole realme."<a name="FNanchor_1-8_8" id="FNanchor_1-8_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-8_8" class="fnanchor">[1-8]</a> Captain Christopher +Carleill had the previous year made an effort to persuade the +Muscovy Company to divert its energies toward America. +Why remain under the power of the King of Denmark, he +asked, or other princes who "command our shippes at their +pleasure," when all the products of the Baltic regions were to +be had from unoccupied territories which so easily could be +placed under the English flag?</p> + +<p>It has often been taken for granted that the statesmen and +merchants of three centuries ago pursued always a mistaken +and shortsighted economic policy. John Fiske assures us that +even at the close of the Eighteenth century the barbarous +superstitions of the Middle Ages concerning trade between nations +still flourished with scarcely diminished vitality. Yet it +requires but a cursory study of the theories and arguments of +the Elizabethan economists to realize that they were men of +ability and vision, that they knew what was needed and how to +procure it, that they were nearer right than many have supposed. +In fact, they acted upon sound economic principles a +century and a half before Adam Smith formulated and expounded +them.</p> + +<p>These men realized keenly that England's safety demanded +a larger measure of economic independence and they pointed +out what seemed to be the only available means of securing it. +Since her forests upon which her prosperity in the past had +been so largely based, were nearing the point of exhaustion, +she must expand to embrace new lands where the virgin<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> +growth of trees stood untouched. If this is barbarous, then +the recent efforts of Italy to gain an independent coal supply, +of Great Britain to get control of various oil fields, of the +United States to build up a dye industry, are all likewise barbarous. +In fact the world today in matters of economic policy +has by no means gotten away from the conceptions of the men +whose able writings cleared the way for the beginning of the +British colonial empire.</p> + +<p>But it must not be supposed that England in this matter was +concerned only for her supply of naval stores, potash and pig +iron. There were other products, not so vital it is true, but +still important, which she was forced to seek abroad. From +the south of Europe came salt, sugar, wine, silk, fruits; from +the Far East saltpetre and dyes, together with spices for making +palatable the winter's stock of food; from Holland came +fish, from France wine and silk. And as in the Baltic, so +elsewhere the merchants of London and Bristol and Plymouth +found their activities resented and their efforts blocked and +thwarted.</p> + +<p>All commerce with the dominions of the King of Spain +was carried on with the greatest difficulty. "Our necessitie +of oiles and colours for our clothinge trade being so greate," +pointed out Hakluyt, "he may arreste almoste the one halfe of +our navye, our traficque and recourse beinge so greate in his +dominions." The rich trade with the Far East was seriously +hampered by the Turks, through whose territories it had to +pass, and often a heavy tribute was laid upon it by the Sultan +and his minions. Even after the merchants had succeeded in +lading their vessels in the eastern Mediterranean with goods +from the Orient, they still had to run the gauntlet of the hostile +Powers who infested that sea. If they escaped the Knights +of Malta, they might be captured by the corsairs of Algeria +or Tripoli.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p><p>The trade with France had also declined greatly during the +closing years of the Sixteenth century. Not only had the religious +wars proved a tremendous obstacle, but the government +at Paris discriminated against the woolens from England +by means of custom duties, while the French workmen were +themselves manufacturing cloth of excellent quality in larger +amounts than had hitherto been thought possible. In the +Low Countries the long and bitter struggle of the people +against the bloody bands of Alva had wrought such destruction +and had so ruined industry that all foreign commerce had +greatly declined.<a name="FNanchor_1-9_9" id="FNanchor_1-9_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-9_9" class="fnanchor">[1-9]</a></p> + +<p>There can be no surprise, then, that many English economists +felt that a crisis had been reached, that nothing save the +immediate establishment of colonies would prevent disaster. +With the woolen industry declining, with the shipbuilding +centres almost idle, with able mariners deserting the service, +with the foreign market gradually closing to English wares, +with the country overrun with idle and starving laborers, with +some of her chief natural resources nearly exhausted and the +trade by which her needs were replenished in constant danger, +England turned to America as her hope for salvation. Upon +securing a foothold in the New World, hitherto monopolized +by Spain and Portugal, depended Albion's future greatness +and prosperity.</p> + +<p>It is this which gave to the London Company its national +character, and made its efforts to establish a colony across the +Atlantic a crusade, a movement in which every Englishman +was vitally concerned. The great lords and wealthy merchants +who comprised the Company knew well enough that there was +little hope of immediate returns upon the money they subscribed +so liberally. They expected to receive their reward in +another way, in the revival of English industrial life and the +restoration of English economic independence. It is a singular<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> +perversion of history, an inaccurate interpretation of men +and events, which for so many years beclouded our conception +of the beginning of the British colonial empire. The settlement +at Jamestown was not the product of a selfish, private +venture, but the fruition of long years of thought and endeavor, +long years of pleading with the English public, of the +conscious and deliberate efforts of the nation to expand to +the New World, to break the bonds of economic dependence +and to restore to England the place in the world which rightfully +was hers.</p> + +<p>In addition to, but closely associated with, the economic +causes of Anglo-Saxon expansion was the realization in England +of the need for prompt action in putting a limit to the +growing domains of the King of Spain. In the century which +had elapsed since Columbus opened a new world to the peoples +of Europe, this monarch had seized the richest part of the +great prize, and was still reaching forward to the north and +to the south. Unless England took advantage of the present +opportunity, the vast American continents might be closed to +her forever. Anglo-Saxon civilization in that case might well +remain permanently cooped up in the little island that had seen +its inception, while the Spanish language and Spanish institutions +expanded to embrace the garden spots of the world.<a name="FNanchor_1-10_10" id="FNanchor_1-10_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-10_10" class="fnanchor">[1-10]</a></p> + +<p>There were still other motives for this great movement. +The English felt the prime necessity of discovering and controlling +a new route to the East, they wished to expand the +influence of the Anglican church and convert the Indians, they +hoped to seize and fortify strategic points in America which +would aid them in their struggles with the Spaniards. But +these things, important as they were, paled beside the pressing +necessity of national expansion, of rehabilitating English industrial +life, restoring the merchant marine and securing economic +independence.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p><p>Thus, when Captain Newport returned in 1607 to report +that the colony of Virginia had been safely launched, many +Englishmen were aroused to a high pitch of hope and expectation. +Now at last a province had been secured which could +supply the raw materials which England so greatly needed. +The active supporters of the undertaking were lavish in their +promises. Virginia would yield better and cheaper timber +for shipping than Prussia or Poland, she would furnish +potash in abundance, and since wood could there be had for the +cutting, her copper and iron ore could be smelted on the spot. +Wine could be made there, as excellent as that of the Canaries, +they boasted, while it was hoped soon to manufacture silk +rivalling in fineness that of Persia or of Turkey. The waters +of the colony were full of "Sturgion, Caviare and new land +fish of the best," her fields could produce hemp for cordage +and flax for linen. As for pitch, tar, turpentine and boards, +there was a certainty of a rich return.<a name="FNanchor_1-11_11" id="FNanchor_1-11_11"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-11_11" class="fnanchor">[1-11]</a> In February 1608, +the Council of Virginia wrote to the corporation of Plymouth: +"The staple and certain Comodities we have are Soap-ashes, +pitch, tar, dyes of sundry sorts and rich values, timber for all +uses, fishing for sturgeon and divers other sorts ... making +of Glass and Iron, and no improbable hope of richer mines."<a name="FNanchor_1-12_12" id="FNanchor_1-12_12"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-12_12" class="fnanchor">[1-12]</a></p> + +<p>And no sooner had the infant colony been established than +the Company turned with enthusiasm to the production of +these highly desired commodities. A number of foreigners, +Dutchmen and Poles skilled in the manufacture of ship-stores, +were sent over to make a start with pitch, tar, turpentine and +potash. They were to act as instructors, also, and it was expected +that within a few years the Virginia forests would be +filled with workers in these trades. Unfortunately their efforts +met with ill success, and save for a few small samples of pitch +and tar which were sent to England, nothing of value was +produced.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span></p><p>For this failure the reason is apparent. All the able economists +and statesmen who had predicted that the colony would +become an industrial center had overlooked one vitally important +factor—the lack of cheap labor. No matter how rich +in natural resources, Virginia could not hope to compete with +the long-established industries of Europe and Asia, because +she lacked the abundant population requisite to success. It +had been imagined by Hakluyt and others that the colony +could avail herself of the surplus population of England, +could drain off the upper stratum of the idle and unemployed. +What more feasible than to set these men to work in the +forests of the New World to produce the raw materials the +want of which was responsible for unemployment in England +itself!</p> + +<p>But the voyage across the Atlantic was so long and costly, +that it proved impossible to transport in any reasonable length +of time enough workers to Virginia to supply her needs. And +the few thousand that came over in the early years of the +Seventeenth century were in such great demand that they could +secure wages several times higher than those in vogue throughout +Europe. Thus the London Company, from the very outset, +found itself face to face with a difficulty which it could +never surmount. Virginia could not compete with the ship-stores +of the Baltic nations because her labor, when indeed it +was found possible to secure labor at all, was far more expensive +than that of Poland or Sweden or Russia. It mattered +not that the Company sent over indentured servants, +bound by their contracts to work for a certain number of +years; the effect was the same. The cost of transportation +swallowed up the profits from the servant's labor, when that +labor was expended upon industries which had to face the +competition of the cheap workers of the Old World.</p> + +<p>It speaks well for the acumen of Captain John Smith that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> +he seems to have been the first to grasp clearly this truth. He +wrote that the workingmen had made a beginning of "Pitch +and Tarre, Glass, Sope-ashes and Clapboard," but that little +had been accomplished. "If you rightly consider what an infinite +toyle it is in Russia and Swetland, where the woods are +proper for naught else, and though there be the helpe both of +man and beast in those ancient Common-wealths, which many +a hundred years have used it, yet thousands of those poor +people can scarce get necessaries to live ... you must not +expect from us any such matter."<a name="FNanchor_1-13_13" id="FNanchor_1-13_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-13_13" class="fnanchor">[1-13]</a></p> + +<p>The attempt to produce iron in Virginia was pursued even +more vigorously, but with equally poor success. The early +settlers, eager to assure the Company that the venture they +had entered upon would soon yield a rich return, spoke enthusiastically +of the numerous indications of the presence of +iron ore. In 1609 Captain Newport brought with him to +England a supply of ore from which sixteen or seventeen tons +of metal were extracted of a quality equal or superior to that +obtained from any European country. The iron was sold to +the East India Company at the rate of £4 a ton.<a name="FNanchor_1-14_14" id="FNanchor_1-14_14"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-14_14" class="fnanchor">[1-14]</a> Immediately +plans were launched for taking advantage of what seemed to +be a splendid opportunity. In the course of the first three +years machinery for smelting and manufacturing iron was sent +over and men were set to work to operate it. But the difficulties +proved too great and ere long the attempt had to be +abandoned.</p> + +<p>The Company had no idea of relinquishing permanently its +quest for staple commodities, however, and soon a new and +far more ambitious project was set on foot for extracting the +ore. The spot selected was at Falling Creek, in the present +county of Chesterfield, a few miles below the rapids of the +James river. George Sandys had noted with satisfaction some +years before that the place was in every respect suited for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> +iron smelting, for in close proximity to the ore was wood in +abundance, stones for the construction of the furnace and deep +water for transportation. To him it seemed that nature itself +had selected the site and endowed it with every facility which +the enterprise could require.<a name="FNanchor_1-15_15" id="FNanchor_1-15_15"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-15_15" class="fnanchor">[1-15]</a> Here the London Company +spent from £4,000 to £5,000 in a supreme effort to make their +colony answer in some degree the expectations which had been +placed in it. A Captain Blewit, with no less than 80 men, was +sent over to construct the works, upon which, they declared, +were fixed the eyes of "God, Angels and men." But Blewit +soon succumbed to one of the deadly epidemics which yearly +swept over the little colony, and a Mr. John Berkeley, accompanied +by 20 experienced workers, came over to take his place.</p> + +<p>At first things seem to have gone well with this ambitious +venture. Soon the Virginia forests were resounding to the +whir of the axe and the crash of falling trees, to the exclamations +of scores of busy men as they extracted the ore, built +their furnace and began the work of smelting. Operations had +progressed so far that it was confidently predicted that soon +large quantities of pig iron would be leaving the James for +England, when an unexpected disaster put an abrupt end to +the enterprise. In the terrible massacre of 1622, when the +implacable Opechancanough attempted at one stroke to rid +the country of its white invaders, the little industrial settlement +at Falling Creek was completely destroyed. The furnace +was ruined, the machinery thrown into the river, the workmen +butchered. This project, which had absorbed so much +of the attention and resources of the Company, is said to have +yielded only a shovel, a pair of tongs and one bar of iron.<a name="FNanchor_1-16_16" id="FNanchor_1-16_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-16_16" class="fnanchor">[1-16]</a></p> + +<p>The history of the attempts to establish glass works in Virginia +is also a story of wasted energy and money, of final +failure. The Dutch and Polish workers who came in 1608 +set up a furnace at Jamestown,<a name="FNanchor_1-17_17" id="FNanchor_1-17_17"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-17_17" class="fnanchor">[1-17]</a> but nothing more is heard<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> +of them, and it is clear that they met with no success. Nor did +Captain William Norton, who arrived in 1621 with a number +of skilled Italian glass workers fare any better.<a name="FNanchor_1-18_18" id="FNanchor_1-18_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-18_18" class="fnanchor">[1-18]</a> In 1623 +George Sandys wrote: "Capt. Norton dyed with all save one +of his servants, the Italians fell extremely sick yet recovered; +but I conceave they would gladly make the work to appear unfeasable, +that they might by that means be dismissed for England. +The fier hath now been for six weeks in ye furnace and +yet nothing effected. They claim that the sand will not run." +Shortly after this the workmen brought matters to an end by +cracking the furnace with a crowbar.<a name="FNanchor_1-19_19" id="FNanchor_1-19_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_1-19_19" class="fnanchor">[1-19]</a></p> + +<p>Thus ended in complete failure the efforts of England to +reap what she considered the legitimate fruits of this great +enterprise. The day of which her farseeing publicists had +dreamed had arrived; she had at last challenged the right of +Spain to all North America, her sons were actually settled on +the banks of the James, a beginning had been made in the +work of building a colonial empire. But the hope which had +so fired the mind of Hakluyt, the hope of attaining through +Virginia British economic independence, was destined never +to be fulfilled. However lavishly nature had endowed the colony +with natural resources, however dense her forests, however +rich her mines, however wide and deep her waterways, +she could not become an industrial community. Fate had decreed +for her another destiny. But England was reluctant to +accept the inevitable in this matter. Long years after Sir +Edwin Sandys and his fellow workers of the London Company +had passed to their rest, we find the royal ministers urging +upon the colony the necessity of producing pig iron and +silk and potash, and promising every possible encouragement +in the work. But the causes which operated to bring +failure in 1610 or 1620 prevented success in 1660 and 1680. +Virginia had not the abundant supply of labor essential to the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> +development of an industrial community and for many decades, +perhaps for centuries, could not hope to attain it. Her +future lay in the discovery and exploitation of one staple commodity +for which she was so preëminently adapted that she +could, even with her costly labor, meet the competition of +other lands. The future history of Virginia was to be built +up around the Indian plant tobacco.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p> +<h2><i>CHAPTER II</i></h2> + +<h4><span class="smcap">The Indian Weed</span></h4> + + +<p>History is baffling in its complexity. The human mind instinctively +strives for simplicity, endeavors to reproduce all +things to set rules, to discover the basic principles upon which +all action is based. And in various lines of research much +success has attended these efforts. We know the laws underlying +the movements of the planets, of various chemical reactions, +of plant and animal life. It is inevitable, then, that +attempts should be made to accomplish similar results in history, +to master the vast multitude of facts which crowd its pages, +many of them seemingly unrelated, and show that after all they +obey certain fundamental laws. Despite the vaunted freedom +of the human will, it is maintained, mankind like the planets or +the chemical agents, cannot escape the operation of definite +forces to which it is subjected. And if these forces are studied +and understood, to some extent at least, the course of future +events may be predicted.</p> + +<p>Thus it may be accepted as practically established that in any +country and with any people a condition of continued disorder +and anarchy must be succeeded by one of despotism. +History records, we believe, no exception to this rule, while +there are many instances which tend to confirm it. The absolute +rule of the Caesars followed the anarchy of the later Roman +republic, the Oliverian Protectorate succeeded the British +civil wars, the first French Empire the Reign of Terror, the +Bolshevik despotism the collapse of the old regime in Russia. +Such will always be the case, we are told, because mankind +turns instinctively to any form of government in quest of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> +protection from anarchy, and the easiest form of government +to establish and operate is despotism.</p> + +<p>Not content with generalizations of this kind, however, certain +historians have undertaken to reduce all human action to +some one great fundamental principle. The Freudian view +emphasizes the influence of sex; Buckle maintains that the +effect of climate is all-powerful. In recent years many students, +while not agreeing that the solution of the problem is +quite so simple, yet believe that underlying all social development +will be found economic forces of one kind or another, +that in commerce and industry and agriculture lies the key to +every event of moment in the history of mankind. Often +these forces have been obscured and misunderstood, but close +study will always reveal them. It is folly to waste time, they +say, as writers have so long done, in setting forth the adventures +of this great man or that, in dwelling upon the details +of political struggles or recounting the horrors of war. +All these are but surface indications of the deeper movements +underneath, movements in every case brought about by economic +developments.</p> + +<p>But this interpretation of history is by no means universally +accepted. While admitting readily that the conditions surrounding +the production and exchange of useful commodities +have affected profoundly the course of events, many historians +deny that they give the key to every important movement. +We must study also the progress of human thought, of religion, +of politics, or our conception of history will be warped and +imperfect. How is it possible to explain the French religious +wars of the Sixteenth century by the theory of economic +causes? In what way does it account for the rebellion of +Virginia and North Carolina and Maryland against the British +government in 1775? How can one deny that the assassination +of Abraham Lincoln affected profoundly the course of American +history?</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span></p><p>These efforts to simplify the meaning of human events have +often led to error, have stressed certain events too strongly, +have minimized others. The complexity of history is self-evident; +we must for the present at least content ourselves +with complex interpretations of it. If there be any great +underlying principles which explain all, they have yet to be +discovered.</p> + +<p>Thus it would be folly in the study of colonial Virginia to +blind ourselves to the importance of various non-economic factors, +the love of freedom which the settlers brought with them +from England, their affection for the mother country, the influence +of the Anglican church. Yet it is obvious that we +cannot understand the colony, its social structure, its history, +its development unless we have a clear insight into the economic +forces which operated upon it. These Englishmen, +finding themselves in a new country, surrounded by conditions +fundamentally different from those to which they had been +accustomed, worked out a new and unique society, were themselves +moulded into something different.</p> + +<p>And in colonial Virginia history there is a key, which though +it may not explain all, opens the door to much that is fundamental. +This key is tobacco. The old saying that the story +of Virginia is but the story of tobacco is by no means a gross +exaggeration. It was this Indian plant, so despised by many +of the best and ablest men of the time, which determined the +character of the life of the colony and shaped its destinies +for two and a half centuries. Tobacco was the chief factor in +bringing final and complete failure to the attempts to produce +useful raw materials, it was largely instrumental in moulding +the social classes and the political structure of the colony, it +was almost entirely responsible for the system of labor, it even +exerted a powerful influence upon religion and morals. In a +word, one can understand almost nothing of Virginia, its infancy,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> +its development, its days of misfortune, its era of prosperity, +its peculiar civilization, the nature of its relations to +England, unless one knows the history of tobacco.</p> + +<p>As though they had a prophetic vision of its future importance, +the Virginia Indians revered the plant. To them it was +an especial gift direct from the Great Spirit, and as such was +endowed with unusual properties for doing good. When the +fields of maize were dried and parched for lack of rain they +powdered the tobacco and cast it to the winds that the evil +genii might be propitiated; their priests on great occasions fed +it to the sacrificial fires; when the usual catch of fish failed it +was scattered over the water.<a name="FNanchor_2-1_20" id="FNanchor_2-1_20"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-1_20" class="fnanchor">[2-1]</a> Smoking was considered a +token of friendship and peace. When the white men first +visited the native villages they soon found that to reject the +proffered pipe was to offend their savage hosts and incur their +hostility.</p> + +<p>It was John Rolfe, celebrated as the husband of Pocahontas, +who first experimented with the native leaf. This gentleman +was himself fond of smoking, but he found the Virginia tobacco +as it came from the hands of the savages, decidedly inferior +to that of the West Indies. The leaf itself was small, +and although the flavor was weak it was biting to the tongue.<a name="FNanchor_2-2_21" id="FNanchor_2-2_21"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-2_21" class="fnanchor">[2-2]</a> +Rolfe's efforts proved entirely successful. In 1614, two years +after his first attempt, he had obtained a product which Ralph +Hamor declared to be as "strong, sweet and pleasant as any +under the sun."<a name="FNanchor_2-3_22" id="FNanchor_2-3_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-3_22" class="fnanchor">[2-3]</a></p> + +<p>Thus, early in its history, Virginia had found a commodity +for which she was preëminently suited, in the production of +which she could compete successfully with any country in the +world. And for her tobacco she had a ready market. During +the reign of Queen Elizabeth the habit of smoking had spread +rapidly among the upper classes of English, until at the end +of the sixteenth century, it was almost universal. When<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> +James I ascended the throne, although feeling a strong +aversion to tobacco, he was forced to take up its use in order +not to appear conspicuous among his courtiers, for the dictates +of custom seem to have been as strong three hundred years +ago as at present.<a name="FNanchor_2-4_23" id="FNanchor_2-4_23"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-4_23" class="fnanchor">[2-4]</a> At the time that Rolfe was making his +experiments England was spending yearly for the Spanish +product many thousands of pounds.</p> + +<p>It is not surprising, then, that the colonists turned eagerly +to tobacco culture. The news that Rolfe's little crop had been +pronounced in England to be of excellent quality spread +rapidly from settlement to settlement, bringing with it new +hope and determination. Immediately tobacco absorbed the +thoughts of all, became the one topic of conversation, and +every available patch of land was seized upon for its cultivation. +The fortified areas within the palisades were crowded +with tobacco plants, while even the streets of Jamestown were +utilized by the eager planters.<a name="FNanchor_2-5_24" id="FNanchor_2-5_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-5_24" class="fnanchor">[2-5]</a> In 1617 the George set sail +for England laden with 20,000 pounds of Virginia leaf, the +first of the vast fleet of tobacco ships which for centuries were +to pass through the capes of the Chesapeake bound for +Europe.<a name="FNanchor_2-6_25" id="FNanchor_2-6_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-6_25" class="fnanchor">[2-6]</a> By 1627, the tobacco exports amounted to no less +than half a million pounds.<a name="FNanchor_2-7_26" id="FNanchor_2-7_26"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-7_26" class="fnanchor">[2-7]</a></p> + +<p>The London Company, together with the host of patriotic +Englishmen who had placed such great hopes in the colony, +were much disappointed at this unexpected turn of events. +They had sought in the New World those "solid commodities" +which they realized were fundamental to the prosperity of +their country, commodities upon which English industrial life +was founded. And they had found only the Indian weed—tobacco. +This plant not only contributed nothing to the wealth +of the kingdom, it was felt, but was positively injurious to +those who indulged in its use. Surely, declared one writer, +men "grow mad and crazed in the brain in that they would<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> +adventure to suck the smoke of a weed." James I thought +there could be no baser and more harmful corruption, while +Charles I expressed himself with equal emphasis. So late as +1631 the latter protested against the growing use of tobacco, +which he termed "an evil habit of late tymes."<a name="FNanchor_2-8_27" id="FNanchor_2-8_27"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-8_27" class="fnanchor">[2-8]</a></p> + +<p>Yet England soon learned to welcome the colonial tobacco +as far better than no product at all. Hitherto the leaf in use +had been raised in the Spanish colonies, and England's annual +tobacco bill was becoming larger and larger. It seemed +calamitous that British industry should be drained of good and +useful commodities in exchange for a plant the consumption +of which was harmful rather than beneficial. It was at least +some satisfaction to know, then, that England could substitute +for the Spanish leaf the growth of their own colonies. Apparently +it was only later, however, that there came a full +realization of the opportunity afforded for enriching England +and building up her merchant marine by exporting tobacco to +foreign countries. For the present they accepted this one +product of their experiment in colonial expansion, reluctantly +and with keen disappointment, as the best that could be obtained.</p> + +<p>Yet it was obvious to the London Company that tobacco +held out the only prospect, not only of securing a profit from +their venture, but of bringing to Virginia some measure of +prosperity. The first consignment of leaf which came from +the colony sold for no less than 5s. 3d. a pound, a price which +promised a rich return to the planters on the James and their +backers in England.<a name="FNanchor_2-9_28" id="FNanchor_2-9_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-9_28" class="fnanchor">[2-9]</a> And they much preferred to have a +prosperous colony, even when prosperity was founded on tobacco, +than a weak, impoverished settlement, which would be +a drain upon their personal resources and of no value to the +nation. Thus they accepted the inevitable, gave what encouragement +they could to the new product, and sought to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> +use it as a means for building up the British empire in +America. When once England had established herself firmly +in the New World, it would be time enough to return to the +attempt to secure from the colony ship-stores, potash, iron +and silk.</p> + +<p>With the overthrow of the Company, however, the Crown +made repeated efforts to direct the energies of Virginia away +from the all-absorbing cultivation of tobacco. In 1636 +Charles I wrote to the Governor and Council bidding them +moderate the excessive quantities of the plant laid out each +year and to endeavor to produce some other staple commodities.<a name="FNanchor_2-10_29" id="FNanchor_2-10_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-10_29" class="fnanchor">[2-10]</a> +"The King cannot but take notice," he reiterated the +next year, "how little that colony hath advanced in Staple commodities +fit for their own subsistence and clothing," and he +warned the planters to emulate the Barbados and Caribee +Islands, where a beginning had been made in cotton, wool +and other useful things.<a name="FNanchor_2-11_30" id="FNanchor_2-11_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-11_30" class="fnanchor">[2-11]</a> But the colonists paid no heed to +these repeated warnings. The King's commands were no +more effective in establishing new industries than had been +the first attempts of the Company. Virginia was not prepared +to compete with the workers of Europe in their own chosen +fields, and persisted, had to persist, in the production of the +one commodity for which she possessed unsurpassed natural +advantages.</p> + +<p>It is remarkable how universally the plant was cultivated +by all classes of Virginians throughout the colonial period. +It was difficult to find skilled artisans in any line of work, +since those who had pursued in England the various trades +usually deserted them, when they landed in the colony, in +order to turn to the raising of tobacco. And the few who +continued to pursue their old vocations usually rented or purchased +a small tract of land and devoted a part of their time +to its cultivation. Blacksmiths, carpenters, shipwrights,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> +coopers all raised their little tobacco crop and sold it to the +British merchants,<a name="FNanchor_2-12_31" id="FNanchor_2-12_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-12_31" class="fnanchor">[2-12]</a> while even the poor minister sought to +make ends meet by planting his glebe with Orinoco or Sweetscented. +The Governor himself was not free from the all-prevailing +custom, and frequently was the possessor of a farm +where his servants and slaves, like those of other gentlemen in +the colony, were kept busy tending the tobacco crop.</p> + +<p>It is doubtful whether the members of the London Company, +even Sir Edwin Sandys himself, ever attempted to visualize +the social structure which would develop in the Virginia +they were planning. If so, they unquestionably pictured a +state of affairs very different from that which the future held +in store. They took it for granted that Virginia would to a +large extent be a duplicate of England. In the forests of the +New World would grow up towns and villages, centers of industry +and centers of trade. The population would be divided +into various classes—well-to-do proprietors boasting of +the title of gentleman; professional men, lawyers, physicians, +ministers; skilled artisans of all kinds; day laborers.</p> + +<p>We catch a glimpse of the Virginia of their minds from a +Broadside issued in 1610, appealing for volunteers for service +in the colony.<a name="FNanchor_2-13_32" id="FNanchor_2-13_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-13_32" class="fnanchor">[2-13]</a> We can see the shipwrights at work in the +busy yards of thriving ports; the smelters caring for their +iron and copper furnaces; the "minerall-men" digging out the +ore; saltmakers evaporating the brackish waters for their useful +product; vine-dressers tending their abundant crops of +grapes and coopers turning out the hogsheads in which to +store the wine which came from the presses; bricklayers and +carpenters fashioning substantial houses; fishermen bringing +in the plentiful yield of the day and dressers preparing the +fish for foreign shipment; joiners, smiths, gardeners, bakers, +gun-founders, ploughwrights, brewers, sawyers, fowlers, each +plying his trade in the New Brittania.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span></p><p>But how different was the reality. Virginia became, not an +industrial, but a distinctly agricultural community. For more +than a century it could boast not a single town worthy of the +name.<a name="FNanchor_2-14_33" id="FNanchor_2-14_33"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-14_33" class="fnanchor">[2-14]</a> It was but a series of plantations, not large in extent, +but stretching out for miles along the banks of the rivers and +creeks, all devoted to the raising of tobacco. The population +of the colony was but the aggregate of the population of the +plantation—the owner, the wage earners, the indentured servant, +a few slaves. Virginia in the Seventeenth century, despite +the design of its founders, developed a life of its own, +a life not only unlike that of England, but unique and distinct.</p> + +<p>Immigration, like everything else in the colony, was shaped +by the needs of tobacco. For its successful production the +plant does not require skilled labor or intensive cultivation. +The barbarous natives of Africa, who later in the century +were imported in such large numbers, eventually proved quite +adequate to the task. But it does require the service of many +hands. For decades after Rolfe's discovery had opened a new +vista of prosperity for Virginia, fertile land was so cheap that +a person even of moderate means might readily purchase an +extensive plantation,<a name="FNanchor_2-15_34" id="FNanchor_2-15_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-15_34" class="fnanchor">[2-15]</a> but it would be of little service to him +unless he could find hands for clearing away the forests, breaking +the soil, tending and curing the plants.</p> + +<p>Of the three requirements of production—natural resources, +capital and labor—the fertile soil furnished the first in abundance, +the second could readily be secured, but the last remained +for a full century the one great problem of the planters. +From the days of Sir George Yeardley to those of Nicholson +and Andros there was a persistent and eager demand for workers. +Of this there can be no better evidence than the remarkably +high wages which prevailed in the colony, especially in +the years prior to the Restoration. In fact, it is probable that +the laborer received for his services four or five times the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> +amount he could earn in England. Even during the time of +the London Company we find George Sandys writing to a +friend in London to procure indentured servants for the colony +as the wages demanded were intolerable. A day's work +brought, in addition to food, a pound of tobacco valued at one +shilling, while in England the unskilled worker considered himself +fortunate if he could earn so much in a week.<a name="FNanchor_2-16_35" id="FNanchor_2-16_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-16_35" class="fnanchor">[2-16]</a></p> + +<p>In his efforts to solve this acute problem the planter found +little hope in the aborigines. The Spaniards, it is true, had +made use of the Indians to till their fields or work in the gold +and silver mines, but the Pamunkey and the Powhatan were +cast in a different mold from the Aztec and the Peruvian. To +hunt them out of their native lairs and bind them to arduous +and ignominious servitude was hardly to be thought of. Their +spirit was too proud to be thus broken, the safe refuge of the +woods too near at hand. One might as well have attempted to +hitch lions and tigers to the plough shaft, as to place these +wild children of the forest at the handles. At times it proved +practicable to make use of Indian children for servants, and +there are numerous instances on record in which they are +found in the homes of the planters.<a name="FNanchor_2-17_36" id="FNanchor_2-17_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-17_36" class="fnanchor">[2-17]</a> But this, of course, +could be of little service in solving the pressing labor problem, +in clearing new ground or tilling the idle fields. The Virginia +landowner was forced to turn elsewhere for his helpers.</p> + +<p>In 1619 a Dutch privateer put into the James river and disembarked +twenty Africans who were sold to the settlers as +slaves. This event, so full of evil portent for the future of +Virginia, might well have afforded a natural and satisfactory +solution of the labor problem. Slaves had long been +used in the Spanish colonies, proving quite competent to +do the work of tending the tobacco plants, and bringing handsome +returns to their masters. But it was impossible at +this time for England to supply her plantations with this type<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> +of labor. The slave trade was in the hands of the Dutch, who +had fortified themselves on the African coast and jealously excluded +other nations. Thus while the demand for negro +slaves remained active in the colony, they increased in numbers +very slowly. The muster of 1624-25 shows only 22.<a name="FNanchor_2-18_37" id="FNanchor_2-18_37"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-18_37" class="fnanchor">[2-18]</a> +During the following half century there was a small influx of +negroes, but their numbers were still too small to affect seriously +the economic life of the colony.<a name="FNanchor_2-19_38" id="FNanchor_2-19_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-19_38" class="fnanchor">[2-19]</a></p> + +<p>The settlers were thus forced to look to England itself to +supply them with hands for their tobacco fields. They knew +that in the mother country were many thousands of indigent +persons who would welcome an opportunity to better their lot +by migrating to the New World. And the English statesmen, +feeling that there was need for blood letting, welcomed +an opportunity to divert the surplus population to the new +colony in America.<a name="FNanchor_2-20_39" id="FNanchor_2-20_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-20_39" class="fnanchor">[2-20]</a> The decline in English foreign trade +and the stagnation of home industry had brought unemployment +and suffering to every class of workers. Wages were so +low that the most industrious could not maintain themselves +in comfort, while to provide against want in case of sickness or +old age was hardly to be thought of. Every parish, every +town swarmed with persons stricken with abject poverty. In +some parts of the country no less than 30 per cent of the +population were dependent in part upon charity for their daily +bread, while many were driven into vagabondage and crime, +becoming an element of danger rather than of strength to the +nation.<a name="FNanchor_2-21_40" id="FNanchor_2-21_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-21_40" class="fnanchor">[2-21]</a> It seemed to the planters that the mother country +constituted an abundant reservoir of labor, a reservoir already +overflowing and capable of supplying indefinitely their every +need.</p> + +<p>The only drawback was the long and expensive voyage +across the Atlantic. The fare, even for the poorest and most +crowded accommodations, was no less than six pounds sterling,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> +a sum far beyond the means of the thriftiest laborer.<a name="FNanchor_2-22_41" id="FNanchor_2-22_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-22_41" class="fnanchor">[2-22]</a> +Obviously some scheme had to be evolved to overcome this +difficulty before Virginia could make use of English labor. +And so the planters turned to the simple expedient of advancing +the passage money to the immigrant and of placing +him under strict legal bonds to work it out after reaching the +colony.</p> + +<p>This system, around which the economic life of Virginia +centered for a full century, proved satisfactory to all concerned. +The credit advanced to the immigrant made it possible +for him to earn his ocean fare, not in England where +labor was cheap, but in America where it was dear. In other +words, he was enabled without delay to enjoy the full benefits +of selling his services in the best market. The necessity for +placing him under a stringent contract or indenture is evident. +Had this not been done the immigrant, upon finding himself +in Virginia, might have refused to carry out his part of the +bargain. But the indenture was in no sense a mark of servitude +or slavery. It simply made it obligatory for the newcomer, +under pain of severe penalties, to work out his passage +money, and until that was accomplished to surrender a part of +the personal liberty so dear to every Englishman.</p> + +<p>It is erroneous to suppose that most of the servants were +degenerates or criminals. It is true that the English Government +from time to time sought to lessen the expense of providing +for convicted felons by sending some of them to the +colonies, among them on rare occasions a few decidedly objectionable +characters. More than once the Virginians protested +vigorously against this policy as dangerous to the peace +and prosperity of the colony.<a name="FNanchor_2-23_42" id="FNanchor_2-23_42"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-23_42" class="fnanchor">[2-23]</a> By far the larger part of these +penal immigrants, however, were but harmless paupers, driven +perhaps to theft or some other petty offense by cold and +hunger. Often they were sentenced to deportation by merciful<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span> +judges in order that they might not feel the full weight +of the harsh laws of that day.<a name="FNanchor_2-24_43" id="FNanchor_2-24_43"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-24_43" class="fnanchor">[2-24]</a></p> + +<p>And of the small number of real criminals who came in, few +indeed made any lasting imprint upon the social fabric of the +colony. Many served for life and so had no opportunity of +marrying and rearing families to perpetuate their degenerate +traits. Those who escaped fled from the confines of settled +Virginia to the mountains or to the backwoods of North Carolina. +Many others succumbed to the epidemics which proved +so deadly to the newcomers from England. In fact the criminal +servant was but a passing incident in the life and development +of England's greatest and most promising colony.<a name="FNanchor_2-25_44" id="FNanchor_2-25_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-25_44" class="fnanchor">[2-25]</a></p> + +<p>An appreciable proportion of the so-called criminal laborers +were no more than political prisoners taken in the rebellions +of the Seventeenth century. These men frequently represented +the sturdiest and most patriotic elements in the kingdom +and were a source of strength rather than of weakness to the +colony. When Drogheda was captured by Cromwell's stern +Puritan troops in 1649, some of the unfortunate rebels escaped +the firing squad only to be sent to America to serve in the +sugar or tobacco fields. Just how many of these Irishmen fell +to the share of Virginia it is impossible to say, but the number +rises well into the hundreds, and the patent books of the period +are full of headrights of undoubted Irish origin.<a name="FNanchor_2-26_45" id="FNanchor_2-26_45"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-26_45" class="fnanchor">[2-26]</a></p> + +<p>When Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660 it became +the turn of the Puritans to suffer, and many non-conformists +and former Oliverian soldiers were sent to Virginia. +In fact so many old Commonwealth men were serving in the +tobacco fields in 1663 that they felt strong enough to plot, +not only for their own freedom, but for the overthrow of the +colonial government.<a name="FNanchor_2-27_46" id="FNanchor_2-27_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-27_46" class="fnanchor">[2-27]</a> In 1678, after the suppression of the +Scottish Covenanters by the Highland Host, a new batch of +prisoners were sent to the plantations.<a name="FNanchor_2-28_47" id="FNanchor_2-28_47"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-28_47" class="fnanchor">[2-28]</a> Seven years later<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span> +many of Monmouth's followers taken at Sedgemour, who +were fortunate enough to escape the fury of Jeffreys and +Kirk, were forced to work in the plantations.</p> + +<p>But the bulk of the servants were neither criminals nor political +prisoners, but poor persons seeking to better their condition +in the land of promise across the Atlantic. They constituted +the vanguard of that vast stream of immigrants which +for three centuries Europe has poured upon our shores. The +indentured servant differed in no essential from the poor +Ulsterite or German who followed him in the Eighteenth century, +or the Irishman, the Italian or the Slav in the Nineteenth. +Like them he found too severe the struggle for existence at +home, like them he sought to reach a land where labor, the +only commodity he had to sell, would bring the highest return. +The fact that his passage was paid for him and that he +was bound by contract to work it out after reaching America, +in no wise differentiates him from the newcomers of later +days. In 1671 Sir William Berkeley reported to the Board +of Trade that the colony contained "6,000 Christian servants +for a short tyme," who had come with the "hope of bettering +their condition in a Growing Country."<a name="FNanchor_2-29_48" id="FNanchor_2-29_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-29_48" class="fnanchor">[2-29]</a></p> + +<p>Virginia is fortunate in having preserved a record of this, +the first great migration to the English colonies, which in +some respects is remarkably complete. In fact, the names of +fully three-fourths of all the persons who came to the colony, +whether as freemen or servants during the first century of its +existence, are on record at the Land Office at Richmond, and +at all times available to the student of history. In the early +days of the settlement a law was passed designed to stimulate +immigration, by which the Government pledged itself to grant +fifty acres of land to any person who would pay the passage +from Europe to Virginia of a new settler. Thus if one +brought over ten indentured servants he would be entitled to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> +500 acres of land, if he brought 100, he could demand 5,000 +acres. But the headright, as it was called, was not restricted +to servants; if one came over as a freeman, paying his own +passage, he was entitled to the fifty acres. Should he bring +also his family, he could demand an additional fifty acres for +his wife and fifty for each child or other member of the +household.<a name="FNanchor_2-30_49" id="FNanchor_2-30_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-30_49" class="fnanchor">[2-30]</a></p> + +<p>When the Government issued a grant for land under this +law, the planter was required to record with the clerk of the +county court the names of all persons for whose transportation +the claim was made. Some of these lists have been lost, +especially for the period from 1655 to 1666, but most of them +remain, constituting an inexhaustible storehouse of information +concerning the colony and the people who came to its +shores.<a name="FNanchor_2-31_50" id="FNanchor_2-31_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-31_50" class="fnanchor">[2-31]</a> How the papers escaped destruction during the fire +which did so much damage in the Secretary's office at the time +of Andros, it is impossible to say. The explanation is to be +found perhaps in the fact that copies of the records were kept, +not only at Williamsburg, but in the several counties, so that +in case of loss by fire new entries could be made.</p> + +<p>Immigration to Virginia continued in unabated volume +throughout the Seventeenth century. The needs of the tobacco +plantations were unceasing, and year after year the surplus +population of England poured across the Atlantic in response. +An examination of the list of headrights shows that the annual +influx was between 1500 and 2000. Even during the +Civil War and Commonwealth periods this average seems to +have been maintained with surprising consistency. Apparently +the only limit which could be set upon it was the available +space on board the merchant fleet which each year left +England for the Chesapeake bay. Thus in the year ending +May 1635 we find that 2000 landed in the colony,<a name="FNanchor_2-32_51" id="FNanchor_2-32_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-32_51" class="fnanchor">[2-32]</a> while in +1674 and again in 1682 the same average was maintained.<a name="FNanchor_2-33_52" id="FNanchor_2-33_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-33_52" class="fnanchor">[2-33]</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> +At times the numbers dropped to 1200 or 1300, but this was +the exception rather than the rule. All in all, considerably +more than 100,000 persons migrated to the colony in the +years that elapsed between the first settlement at Jamestown +and the end of the century.<a name="FNanchor_2-34_53" id="FNanchor_2-34_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_2-34_53" class="fnanchor">[2-34]</a></p> + +<p>This great movement, which far surpassed in magnitude +any other English migration of the century, fixed for all time +the character of the white population of tidewater Virginia. +The vast bulk of the settlers were English. An examination +of the headright lists shows here and there an Irish or a +Scotch name, and on very rare occasions one of French or +Italian origin, but in normal periods fully 95 per cent were +unmistakably Anglo-Saxon. In fact, such names as Dixon, +Bennett, Anderson, Adams, Greene, Brooke, Brown, Cooper, +Gibson, Hall, Harris, King, Jackson, Long, Martin, Miller, +Newton, Philips, Richards, Turner, White, appear with monotonous +repetition. Except in the years 1655 and 1656, after +the Drogheda tragedy when one sees such names as O'Lanny, +O'Leaby, O'Mally, and Machoone, or in 1679 when there was +a sprinkling of Scottish names, the entire list is distinctly +English.</p> + +<p>It must not be supposed that immigration to Virginia in the +Seventeenth century was restricted to indentured servants. +Some of the settlers were freemen, paying their own passage +and establishing themselves as proprietors immediately after +arriving in the colony. But the conditions which attracted +them were the same as those which brought over the servants. +In both cases it was tobacco, the rich returns which it promised +and the urgent need it had of labor, which impelled them to +leave their homes in England to seek their fortunes in the +strange land beyond the seas.</p> + +<p>Having seen the character of the immigration to Virginia, +it remains to determine what was the fate of the settler after he<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> +reached the colony, what rôle lay before him in its social and +economic life. Would he remain permanently in the status of +a servant, entering into a new agreement with his master after +the expiration of the old? Would he eventually become a day +laborer, working for wages upon the estates of the wealthy? +Would he become a tenant? Could he hope to become a freeholder, +making of Virginia, like Rome in the early days of +the republic, the land of the small proprietor?</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span></p> +<h2><i>CHAPTER III</i></h2> + +<h4><span class="smcap">The Virginia Yeomanry</span></h4> + + +<p>The system of indentured labor differed vitally from negro +slavery. The servant usually was bound to his master for a +limited period only, and at the expiration of four or five years +was a free man, to go where he would and pursue what employment +seemed most lucrative. And of tremendous importance +to the future of Virginia was the fact that he was of the +same race and blood as the rest of the population. There was +no inherent reason why he might not take up land, marry +and become a part of the social structure of the colony.</p> + +<p>When races of marked physical differences are placed side +by side in the same territory, assimilation of one or the other +becomes difficult, and an age long repugnance and conflict is +apt to result. Perhaps the greatest crime against the southern +colonies was not the introduction of slavery, but the introduction +of negroes. It was inevitable that eventually slavery +would be abolished. But the negro race in America cannot +be abolished, it cannot be shipped back to Africa, it cannot +well be absorbed into the white population. Today California +is struggling to avoid a like problem by excluding the Japanese, +while Canada, Australia and New Zealand are closing their +doors to Orientals of all kinds.</p> + +<p>Thus Virginia, during its century of white immigration, +was storing up no perplexing difficulties for the future, was +developing slowly but surely into an industrious, democratic, +Anglo-Saxon community. Not until the black flood of slaves +was turned loose upon her, strangling her peasantry and revolutionizing +her industrial and social life, was her future put<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> +in pawn. The white servants, so far as they remained in the +colony, became bone of her bone, flesh of her flesh, promised +her a homogeneous race, a sound economic and political development.</p> + +<p>When the alien newcomer to the United States sees from +the deck of his steamer the Statue of Liberty and the ragged +sky line of lower Manhattan, he feels that the goal of his ambition +has been reached, that the land of opportunity lies before +him. But to the indentured settler of the Seventeenth +century, his arrival in the James or the York was but the beginning +of his struggles. Before he could grasp the riches of +the New World, he must pay the price of his passage, must +work out through arduous years the indenture to which he had +affixed his signature.</p> + +<p>And these years were filled not only with toil, perhaps with +hardship, but with the greatest peril. He might account himself +fortunate indeed if during the first twelve months he +escaped the so-called Virginia sickness. Tidewater Virginia +for the English settlers was a pest-ridden place. The low and +marshy ground, the swarming mosquitoes, the hot sun, the +unwholesome drinking water combined to produce an unending +epidemic of dysentery and malaria. And at frequent intervals, +especially in the early years, yellow fever, scurvy and +plague swept over the infant colony, leaving behind a ghastly +train of suffering and death.<a name="FNanchor_3-1_54" id="FNanchor_3-1_54"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-1_54" class="fnanchor">[3-1]</a> At one time the mortality +among the settlers upon the James ran as high as 75 per cent +and for a while it seemed that this attempt of the British nation +to secure a foothold upon the American continent must +end in failure.<a name="FNanchor_3-2_55" id="FNanchor_3-2_55"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-2_55" class="fnanchor">[3-2]</a></p> + +<p>But as the years wore on better conditions prevailed. Governor +Berkeley testified in 1671, "there is not oft seasoned +hands (as we term them) that die now, whereas heretofore +not one of five escaped the first year."<a name="FNanchor_3-3_56" id="FNanchor_3-3_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-3_56" class="fnanchor">[3-3]</a> This improvement<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> +was brought about by the use of Peruvian bark, a clearer understanding +of sanitary matters and the selection of more +healthful sites for plantations. At the time when Sir William +wrote it is probable that 80 per cent or more of the indentured +servants survived the dangers of the tobacco fields, +completed their terms of service and, if they remained in the +colony, became freedmen with the full rights of Englishmen +and Virginians.</p> + +<p>In the period from 1660 to 1725 there was, as we shall see, +an exodus of poor whites from Virginia. This, however, was +chiefly the result of the influx of slaves which marked the end +of the century, and it is safe to assume that prior to the Restoration +there was no extensive movement from Virginia to +other colonies. The servant, upon attaining his freedom, usually +remained in the colony and sought to establish himself +there.</p> + +<p>Although it is impossible to determine accurately the average +length of service required by the indentures, there is reason +to believe that it did not exceed five years. In cases of +controversy between masters and servants who had come in +without written contracts as to when their terms should expire, +it was at first required by law that the period be fixed +at five years if the age was in excess of twenty-one.<a name="FNanchor_3-4_57" id="FNanchor_3-4_57"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-4_57" class="fnanchor">[3-4]</a> In 1654, +however, a new act was passed by the Assembly, making it +necessary for those who had no indentures, if over sixteen to +serve six years, if less than sixteen until the twenty-fourth +year had been reached.<a name="FNanchor_3-5_58" id="FNanchor_3-5_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-5_58" class="fnanchor">[3-5]</a> This was found to work to the disadvantage +of the colony by discouraging immigration, and in +1662 the law was changed so that in all doubtful cases the +legal term should be five years for persons over sixteen.<a name="FNanchor_3-6_59" id="FNanchor_3-6_59"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-6_59" class="fnanchor">[3-6]</a> +Since the Assembly, which was so largely made up of persons +who themselves held servants, would certainly not fix +the legal term for a period shorter than that normally provided<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> +for in the indentures, we may assume that usually the servant +secured his freedom within four or five years after his arrival +in the colony.</p> + +<p>Thus it is evident that the bulk of the population could not +have been, as is so often supposed, made up of large landed +proprietors with their servants and slaves. Such a conception +takes no account of the annual translation of hundreds of men +and women from bondsmen into freedmen. The short duration +of the average term of service, together with the fact +that the servants were usually still young when freed, made +it inevitable that in time the freedmen would outnumber those +in service. The size of the annual immigration could in no +wise alter this situation, for the greater the influx of servants, +the greater would be the resulting graduation into the class +of freedmen.</p> + +<p>The average number of headrights, as we have seen, was +probably not less than 1750 a year. If it is assumed that +1500 of these were servants, five per cent of whom served for +life and 20 per cent died before the expiration of their terms, +no less than 1125 would remain to become freedmen. While +the number of those under indenture remained practically stationary, +the size of the freedman class grew larger with the +passing of the years.</p> + +<p>Placing the average term at five years, then, and the average +mortality at twenty per cent, there would be in service at +any given time some 6,000 men and women. In fact, Sir +William Berkeley, in his famous report of 1671, estimated the +number of servants in the colony at this figure.<a name="FNanchor_3-7_60" id="FNanchor_3-7_60"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-7_60" class="fnanchor">[3-7]</a> On the other +hand an annual accession of 1125 to the class of freedmen +would in five years amount to 5,625, in ten years to 11,250, +in fifteen to 16,875, in twenty to 22,500. At the end of half +a century no less than 56,250 persons would have emerged +from servitude to become free citizens. Although there is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> +every reason to believe that these figures are substantially correct,<a name="FNanchor_3-8_61" id="FNanchor_3-8_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-8_61" class="fnanchor">[3-8]</a> +their accuracy or lack of accuracy in no way affect the +principle involved. From its very nature it was impossible +that the system of indentured servants should long remain the +chief factor in the industrial life of the colony or supply most +of the labor.</p> + +<p>It is true, of course, that the number of those completing +their terms of indenture is not an absolute gauge, at any given +date, of the size of the freedman class. To determine this it +would be necessary to know the average span of life of the +freedman, a thing certainly not worked out at the time and +impossible of accomplishment now. We may assume, however, +that it was relatively long. The newcomer who had +lived through the first terrible year in the tobacco fields had +been thoroughly tested, "seasoned" as the planters called it, +and was reasonably certain of reaching a mature age. Moreover, +the servants were almost universally of very tender years. +Seldom indeed would a dealer accept one over twenty-eight, +and the average seems to have been between seventeen and +twenty-three. The reasons for this are obvious. Not only +were young men and women more adaptable to changed conditions, +more capable of resisting the Virginia climate, +stronger and more vigorous, but they proved more tractable +and entered upon the adventure more eagerly.<a name="FNanchor_3-9_62" id="FNanchor_3-9_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-9_62" class="fnanchor">[3-9]</a> These conclusions +are fully borne out by an examination of the lists of +servants given in Hotten's <i>Emigrants to America</i>. Of the +first 159 servants here entered whose ages are attached, the +average is twenty-three years.<a name="FNanchor_3-10_63" id="FNanchor_3-10_63"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-10_63" class="fnanchor">[3-10]</a> And as many of these persons +were brought over as skilled artisans to take part in the industrial +life which the Company had planned for the colony, +it is probable that they were much older than the average +servant of later days who came as an agricultural laborer. +There is every reason to believe, then, that the average servant<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> +was still in his prime when he completed his term, perhaps +not more than twenty-six or twenty-seven, with many +years of usefulness and vigor before him.</p> + +<p>It must also be remembered that the freedman, by a display +of energy and capability, might acquire property, marry +and rear a family. While the number of indentured servants +was strictly limited to those who were brought in from the +outside, the class of poor freemen might and did enjoy a +natural increase within itself. Thus it was inevitable that +with the passing of the years the servants were more and +more outnumbered by the growing group of freemen. In +1649, when the population was but 15,000,<a name="FNanchor_3-11_64" id="FNanchor_3-11_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-11_64" class="fnanchor">[3-11]</a> 6,000 servants +might well have performed most of the manual labor of the +tobacco fields, but in 1670, when the inhabitants numbered +40,000,<a name="FNanchor_3-12_65" id="FNanchor_3-12_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-12_65" class="fnanchor">[3-12]</a> or in 1697 when they were 70,000,<a name="FNanchor_3-13_66" id="FNanchor_3-13_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-13_66" class="fnanchor">[3-13]</a> they would +form a comparatively small proportion of the people, so small +in fact that most of the work of necessity had to be done by +freemen. In other words the picture so often presented, even +by historians of established reputation, of a Seventeenth century +Virginia in which the land was divided into large plantations +owned by rich proprietors and tilled chiefly by indentured +servants is entirely erroneous. Such a state of affairs +was made impossible by the very nature of the system of indentures +itself.</p> + +<p>It becomes a matter of prime interest, then, to determine +what became of the mass of freedmen, what rôle they played +in the social and economic life of the colony. Because the +servant who had completed his term was free to follow his +own bent, we have no right to assume that he sought at once +to establish himself as an independent proprietor. He might +seek service with the large planters as a hired laborer, he might +become a tenant. In either case the population would have +been divided into two classes—the wealthy landowner and +those who served him.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span></p><p>We know that at all periods of Virginia history there were +a certain number of persons employed as wage earners. The +colonial laws and the county records contain many references +to them. Payment of wages was not unusual even under the +Company, and we are told by George Sandys that hired laborers +received one pound of tobacco a day in addition to their +food.<a name="FNanchor_3-14_67" id="FNanchor_3-14_67"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-14_67" class="fnanchor">[3-14]</a> In later years we have from time to time references +to wage rates, and in some cases copies of contracts entered +into between employer and wage earner. But such cases are +comparatively rare, and it is evident that the use of hired +labor throughout the colonial period was the exception rather +than the rule. In fact it would seem that few save servants +newly freed and lacking in the funds necessary for purchasing +and equipping little farms of their own ever sought employment +upon the large plantations. And even in such cases the +contracts were for comparatively short periods, since it often +required but a year or two of labor for the freedman to save +enough from his wages to make a beginning as an independent +proprietor.</p> + +<p>When once established, there was no reason, in the days +prior to the introduction of slavery, why he should not hold +his own in competition with his wealthy neighbor. In the production +of tobacco the large plantation, so long as it was cultivated +only by expensive white labor, offered no marked advantage +over the small. With the cost of land very low, with +the means of earning the purchase price so readily in hand, +with the conditions for an independent career all so favorable, +it was not to be expected that the freedman should content +himself permanently with the status of a hired laborer.</p> + +<p>Nor was there any reason why he should become a tenant. +Had all the fertile land been preëmpted, as was the case on the +banks of the Hudson, the poor man might have been compelled +to lease the soil upon which he expended his efforts or<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> +do without entirely. But such was not the case. It is true +that at the end of the Seventeenth century certain wealthy +men got possession of large tracts of unsettled land, but their +monopoly was so far from complete that they gladly sold off +their holdings in little parcels to the first purchasers who presented +themselves. Apparently they made no attempts to establish +themselves in a position similar to that of the great landlords +of England.</p> + +<p>The records afford ample evidence that the leasing of property +was by no means unknown in colonial Virginia, but the +custom was comparatively rare. Hugh Jones, writing in 1721, +declared that the tenant farmers constituted but a small fraction +of the population, a fact which he explained by the unusual +facilities for acquiring property in fee simple.<a name="FNanchor_3-15_68" id="FNanchor_3-15_68"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-15_68" class="fnanchor">[3-15]</a> It would have +been folly for the tobacco planter to expend his labor upon +another man's property, perhaps erecting barns and fences and +otherwise improving it, when he could for so small an outlay +secure land of his own.</p> + +<p>Thus we are led to the conclusion that the average Virginia +plantation must have been comparatively small in extent. The +development of large estates was narrowly limited by the various +factors which made it impossible to secure an adequate +labor supply—the restrictions upon the slave trade, the insufficient +number of indentured servants and the shortness of +their terms, the unwillingness of freedmen and others to work +for wages. On the other hand, it would be expected that the +servants upon securing their freedom would purchase land of +their own, and cover all tidewater Virginia with little farms.</p> + +<p>Turning to the various records of the time that deal with the +distribution of land—deeds, wills, transfers, tax lists, inventories—we +find that these conclusions are fully borne out. All +reveal the fact that the average plantation, especially in the +Seventeenth century, so far from vieing with the vast estates<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> +in existence in certain parts of America, was but a few hundred +acres in extent.</p> + +<p>The land transfers of Surry county afford an interesting illustration. +In thirty-four instances mentioned during the +years from 1684 to 1686, for which the exact number of +acres is given, the largest is 500 acres, the smallest twenty. +The aggregate of all land which changed hands is 6,355 acres, +or an average of 187 for each sale. There are eleven transfers +of 100 acres or less, twenty-three transfers of 200 or less and +only four of more than 300 acres.<a name="FNanchor_3-16_69" id="FNanchor_3-16_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-16_69" class="fnanchor">[3-16]</a> One can find in this no +evidence of the fabled barons of colonial Virginia, but only of +a well established class of small proprietors.</p> + +<p>The York county books for the years from 1696 to 1701 +tell the same story. Here we find recorded forty-one transfers +and leases. Twenty-two are for 100 acres or less, 33 for 200 +acres or less, and four, one for 1,400, one for 1,210, one for +600 and one for 550, are more than 300 acres in extent. The +aggregate is 8,153 acres and the average 199.<a name="FNanchor_3-17_70" id="FNanchor_3-17_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-17_70" class="fnanchor">[3-17]</a></p> + +<p>In the Rappahannock county records from 1680 to 1688 of +fifteen land transfers taken at random from the books, the +largest is 400 while the average is 168 acres.<a name="FNanchor_3-18_71" id="FNanchor_3-18_71"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-18_71" class="fnanchor">[3-18]</a> Of the forty-eight +transfers mentioned in the Essex county books for the +years from 1692 to 1695, the largest is 600 acres and the +smallest 50. Twenty are for 100 acres or less, 31 for 200 or +less and only four for over 300.<a name="FNanchor_3-19_72" id="FNanchor_3-19_72"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-19_72" class="fnanchor">[3-19]</a></p> + +<p>That conditions not fundamentally different prevailed in the +early days of the colony is shown by the census taken of the +landowners in 1626. Of the holdings listed no less than 25 +were for 50 acres or less, 73 for 100 and most of the others +for less than 300 acres. The total number of proprietors listed +is 224 and the total acreage 34,472, giving an average for each +plantation of 154 acres.<a name="FNanchor_3-20_73" id="FNanchor_3-20_73"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-20_73" class="fnanchor">[3-20]</a></p> + +<p>It has been assumed by certain writers that the land grants<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> +preserved in the Registrar's Office in Richmond tend to contradict +this evidence. Although the average patent is by no +means large, it is much more extensive than the typical land +transfer. In 1638 this average was 423 acres, in 1640 it was +405, in 1642 it was 559, in 1645 it was 333, in 1648 it was +412, in 1650 it was 675. During the entire period from 1634 +to 1650 inclusive the size of the average land grant was 446 +acres. From 1650 to 1655 the average was 591 acres, from +1655 to 1666 six hundred and seventy-one, from 1666 to 1679 +eight hundred and ninety acres, from 1679 to 1689 six hundred +and seven acres, from 1689 to 1695 six hundred and one +acres, from 1695 to 1700 six hundred and eighty-eight acres.<a name="FNanchor_3-21_74" id="FNanchor_3-21_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-21_74" class="fnanchor">[3-21]</a> +In the course of the entire second half of the Seventeenth +century the average size of the patent was 674 acres.</p> + +<p>Yet these facts have little direct bearing upon the extent of +the plantations themselves. The system of granting land, as +we have seen, was not based upon the individual needs of the +planters, but upon the number of headrights presented to the +Government. Obviously it was the question of the most economical +method of transporting immigrants which would determine +the average size of the grant. If it proved best to +bring in servants in small groups, distributed among vessels +devoted chiefly to merchandise, the patents would be small; if +they came in on immigrant vessels, in numbers ranging from +50 to 200, the patents would be large.</p> + +<p>Apparently both methods were in vogue. There are grants +recorded varying in size from 50 acres to 10,000 acres.<a name="FNanchor_3-22_75" id="FNanchor_3-22_75"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-22_75" class="fnanchor">[3-22]</a> Beyond +doubt many merchants, finding that their vessels on the +western voyage were not fully laden, from time to time took +on a few indentured servants. If they furnished accommodation +for from ten to twenty immigrants, they could demand, +in addition to the sale of the indentures, 500 to 1,000 acres of +land. It was a frequent practice, also, for planters in Virginia<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> +to send orders to their agents in England to procure and +ship one or more servants as need for them arose.<a name="FNanchor_3-23_76" id="FNanchor_3-23_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-23_76" class="fnanchor">[3-23]</a> "Your +brother George hath moved you in his letters to send him over +some servants the next year," wrote Richard Kemp to Robert +Read in 1639.<a name="FNanchor_3-24_77" id="FNanchor_3-24_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-24_77" class="fnanchor">[3-24]</a> Undoubtedly in cases of this kind the servants +usually sailed in small parties upon the regular merchant +vessels.</p> + +<p>On the other hand it would appear that large numbers of +persons arrived on strictly immigrant vessels, in which they +made the chief if not the only cargo. Some of the best +known men in the colony were dealers in servants and reaped +from the business very large profits. Of these perhaps +the best known in the earlier period was William Claiborne, +celebrated for his dispute with the Maryland proprietors over +the possession of Kent Island. Peter Ashton was another extensive +dealer in servants, at one time receiving 2,550 acres +for his headrights, at another 2,000. Isaac Allerton, Lewis +Burwell, Giles Brent, Joseph Bridger and many others of like +prominence are upon the patent rolls for large grants. The +most inveterate dealer in servants, however, was Robert Beverley. +This well known planter, so famous for his part in +Bacon's Rebellion and in the political contests which grew out +of it, is credited with patents aggregating 25,000 or 30,000 +acres.<a name="FNanchor_3-25_78" id="FNanchor_3-25_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-25_78" class="fnanchor">[3-25]</a></p> + +<p>Often partnerships were formed for the importation of servants, +in which cases the patents were made out jointly. +Among the more interesting are patents to Robert Beverley +and Henry Hartwell, to Thomas Butt and Thomas Milner, to +William Bassett and James Austin, to Thomas Blunt and +Richard Washington. When associations of three or more +persons were formed for the importation of servants, a not +infrequent occurrence, the number of headrights is unusually +large and the grants patented in consequence extensive. Thus<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> +Edmund Bibbie and others are credited with 3,350 acres, Robert +Ambrose and others with 6,000, George Archer and others +with 4,000.<a name="FNanchor_3-26_79" id="FNanchor_3-26_79"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-26_79" class="fnanchor">[3-26]</a></p> + +<p>It is clear, then, that the size of the average patent in the +Seventeenth century is not an indication of the extent of the +average plantation. If economic conditions were such as to +encourage large holdings, extensive farms would appear regardless +of the original patents, for the small proprietors would +be driven to the wall by their more wealthy rivals and forced +to sell out to them. On the other hand, if the large planters +found it difficult to secure adequate labor they would of necessity +have to break up their estates and dispose of them to +the small freeholders. That the latter development and not the +former actually took place in Virginia during the Seventeenth +century a careful examination of the country records makes +most apparent.</p> + +<p>Over and over again in the records of various land transfers +it is stated that the property in question had belonged originally +to a more extensive tract, the patent for which was +granted under the headright law. A typical case is that of +John Dicks who purchased for 8,500 pounds of tobacco, "all +the remaining part of 900 acres gotten by the transporting of +19 persons."<a name="FNanchor_3-27_80" id="FNanchor_3-27_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-27_80" class="fnanchor">[3-27]</a> Similarly we find John Johnson in 1653 selling +to Robert Roberts half of 900 acres which he had received +by patent.<a name="FNanchor_3-28_81" id="FNanchor_3-28_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-28_81" class="fnanchor">[3-28]</a> In 1693 John Brushood sold to James Grey 200 +acres, a part of 5,100 acres originally granted to Mr. Henry +Awbrey.<a name="FNanchor_3-29_82" id="FNanchor_3-29_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-29_82" class="fnanchor">[3-29]</a> Such cases could be multiplied indefinitely.</p> + +<p>Perhaps the most instructive instance left us of this development +is the break up of a tract of land known as Button's +Ridge, in Essex country. This property, comprising 3,650 +acres, was granted to Thomas Button in the year 1666.<a name="FNanchor_3-30_83" id="FNanchor_3-30_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-30_83" class="fnanchor">[3-30]</a> The +original patentee transferred the entire tract to his brother +Robert Button, who in turn sold it to John Baker. The latter,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> +finding no doubt that he could not put under cultivation +so much land, cut it up into small parcels and sold it off to +various planters. Of these transactions we have, most fortunately, +a fairly complete record. To Captain William Moseley +he sold 200 acres, to John Garnet 600, to Robert Foster +200, to William Smither 200, to William Howlett 200, to +Anthony Samuell 300, to William Williams 200. It is probable +that he sold also a small holding to Henry Creighton, for +we find the latter, in 1695, transferring to William Moseley +100 acres, formerly a part of Button's Ridge.<a name="FNanchor_3-31_84" id="FNanchor_3-31_84"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-31_84" class="fnanchor">[3-31]</a></p> + +<p>Important as are these gleanings from the county records, +we have at our disposal even better and more conclusive evidence +that colonial Virginia was divided, not into baronial +estates of vast proportions, but into a large number of comparatively +small farms. Governor Nicholson's rent roll, +which is published as an appendix to this volume, for the early +years of the Eighteenth century at least, places the matter beyond +doubt. Here we have before us an official inventory of +all Virginia save the Northern Neck, giving the name of every +proprietor and the number of acres in his possession.</p> + +<p>It will be remembered that in the Crown colonies there was +a perpetual obligation imposed upon all land when first granted +known as the quit-rent. In Virginia this duty amounted to +one shilling for every fifty acres, payable in tobacco at the rate +of a penny per pound.<a name="FNanchor_3-32_85" id="FNanchor_3-32_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-32_85" class="fnanchor">[3-32]</a> Despite the fact that some 27 per +cent of the returns was consumed by the cost of collection, +and that there were frequent frauds in disposing of the tobacco, +the revenue derived from this source was of considerable +importance.<a name="FNanchor_3-33_86" id="FNanchor_3-33_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-33_86" class="fnanchor">[3-33]</a> The amount collected in 1705 was £1,841. +1. 6-3/4. When James Blair, the Virginia Commissary of the +Bishop of London, petitioned William and Mary for a fund +from the accumulated quit-rents for his proposed college at +Williamsburg, some of the British governmental officials objected<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> +strenuously. "This sum is perhaps the only ready cash +in all the plantations," it was declared, "which happens to be +by good husbandry and is a stock for answering any emergency +that may happen in Virginia."<a name="FNanchor_3-34_87" id="FNanchor_3-34_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-34_87" class="fnanchor">[3-34]</a></p> + +<p>Throughout the entire Seventeenth century, however, the +Governors had experienced great difficulty in collecting this +tax. Over and over again they reported in their letters to the +Board of Trade that there were large arrears of quit-rents +which it was impossible to make the landowners pay.<a name="FNanchor_3-35_88" id="FNanchor_3-35_88"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-35_88" class="fnanchor">[3-35]</a> The +reason for this was obvious enough. In each county the tax +collector was the sheriff. Although this officer was appointed +by the Governor, he usually had a wholesome respect for the +larger proprietors and in consequence was wary of giving offense +by holding them to too strict an account of their estates.<a name="FNanchor_3-36_89" id="FNanchor_3-36_89"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-36_89" class="fnanchor">[3-36]</a> +At times the sheriffs themselves were the sufferers by this state +of affairs, for they were held responsible for the rents upon +all land patented in their counties, for which returns had not +been made.</p> + +<p>Although the Governors from time to time made rather +feeble attempts to remedy the prevailing laxness in this matter, +nothing of importance was accomplished before the first +administration of Francis Nicholson. The chief executive +himself had much need of the good will of the richer inhabitants, +and he was not over forward in forcing them to bring +in accurate returns. Nicholson, however, who prided himself +on his executive ability and who was bent on breaking the +power of the clique which centered around the Council of +State, exerted himself to the utmost to secure full payment +for every acre.</p> + +<p>So early as 1690 we find him issuing orders to the sheriffs +for the drawing up of an accurate rent roll, through an examination +of the patent lists and the records of land transfers.<a name="FNanchor_3-37_90" id="FNanchor_3-37_90"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-37_90" class="fnanchor">[3-37]</a> +May 15, 1691, he took up the matter again, warning the sheriffs<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> +that he expected more accurate returns than they had yet +made.<a name="FNanchor_3-38_91" id="FNanchor_3-38_91"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-38_91" class="fnanchor">[3-38]</a> With the appointment of Sir Edmund Andros as +Governor, however, interest in the quit-rents lapsed, and not +until his removal and the reappointment of Nicholson was the +attempt resumed.</p> + +<p>In July, 1699, Nicholson wrote the Commissioners of Trade +and Plantations that he was doing his best to improve the +quit-rents and that the auditor had been ordered to draw up a +scheme for securing a more exact list of land holdings.<a name="FNanchor_3-39_92" id="FNanchor_3-39_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-39_92" class="fnanchor">[3-39]</a> But +for a while the matter still hung fire. The leading men in the +Government were ready enough in making suggestions, but +they were extensive landholders themselves and apparently +rendered no real assistance. "I have considered those papers +given me by your Excellency relating to a perfect rent roll," +the auditor, William Byrd I wrote Nicholson, Oct. 21, 1703, +"notwithstanding I have, according to your repeated directions +used my utmost diligence in giving charge to sheriffs and +taking their oaths to rolls, I am sensible there is still very +great abuse therein."<a name="FNanchor_3-40_93" id="FNanchor_3-40_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-40_93" class="fnanchor">[3-40]</a></p> + +<p>Despite these discouragements Nicholson persisted and in +1704 succeeded in obtaining the first really accurate rent roll +of the colony. These lists have long been missing, and perhaps +were destroyed in one of the several fires which have +wrought so much havoc with the records of colonial Virginia, +but a true copy was made by the clerk, William Robertson, and +sent to the Board of Trade. Fortunately the British Government +has been more careful of its priceless historical manuscripts +than has Virginia, and this copy today reposes in the +Public Record Office in London, a veritable treasure trove of +information concerning economic and social conditions in the +colony.<a name="FNanchor_3-41_94" id="FNanchor_3-41_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-41_94" class="fnanchor">[3-41]</a></p> + +<p>Even a cursory examination of the rent roll is sufficient to +dispel the old belief that Virginia at this time was the land<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span> +of the large proprietor. As one glances down the list of plantations +he is struck by the number of little holdings, the complete +absence of huge estates, the comparative scarcity even of +those that for a newly settled country might be termed extensive. +Here and there, especially in the frontier counties is +listed a tract of four or five or even ten thousand acres, but +such cases are very rare. In Middlesex county there is but +one plantation of more than 2,500 acres, in Charles City +county the largest holding is 3,130, in Nansemond 2,300, in +Norfolk county 3,200, in Princess Anne 3,100, in Elizabeth +City county 2,140, in York 2,750, in Essex 3,200.</p> + +<p>On the other hand the rolls reveal the existence of thousands +of little proprietors, whose holdings of from 50 to 500 acres +embraced the larger part of the cultivated soil of the colony. +Thus we find that in Nansemond, of 376 farms 26 were +of 50 acres or less, 66 were between 50 and 100 acres, 110 +between 100 and 200 acres, 88 between 200 and 400 acres, 78 +between 400 and 1,000 acres, and only eight over 1,000 acres. +In Middlesex county out of 122 holdings eleven were of 50 +acres or less, 33 between 50 and 100 acres, 32 between 100 +and 200 acres, 25 between 200 and 500 acres, 19 between 500 +and 2,500 acres, one of 4,000 acres and one of 5,200 acres. Of +the 94 plantations in Charles City county 26 were of 100 +acres or less, 21 between 100 and 200 acres, 25 between 200 +and 500 acres, 19 between 500 and 2,500 acres and three more +than 2,500 acres.<a name="FNanchor_3-42_95" id="FNanchor_3-42_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-42_95" class="fnanchor">[3-42]</a></p> + +<p>Although the average size of the plantations varied considerably +in different counties it was everywhere comparatively +small, far smaller than the average land grant of the time, far +smaller than has been imagined by some of the closest students +of the period. For Nansemond the rolls reveal the average +holding as 212 acres, for James City county 400, for +York 298, for Warwick 308, for Elizabeth City county 255,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> +for Princess Anne 459, for Gloucester 395, for Middlesex +406, for Charles City county 553.<a name="FNanchor_3-43_96" id="FNanchor_3-43_96"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-43_96" class="fnanchor">[3-43]</a></p> + +<p>In the past few decades much has been written of the social +life and customs of the people of colonial Virginia. But except +in the able works of Dr. Philip Alexander Bruce little +has been said concerning the small planter class, the men who +made up the vast bulk of the population, the true Seventeenth +century Virginians. We have long and detailed descriptions of +the residences of the small group of the well-to-do, their libraries, +their furniture, their table ware, their portraits, their +clothing, their amusements. The genealogy of the leading +families has been worked out with minute care, their histories +recorded, some of their leading members idealized by the writers +of fiction. The mention of colonial Virginia brings instantly +to mind a picture of gay cavaliers, of stately ladies, of +baronial estates, of noble manors. And the sturdy, independent +class of small farmers who made up a full 90 per cent of +the freeholders at the time the rent roll was taken, have been +relegated into undeserved obscurity.</p> + +<p>It is to be noted that the roll does not include the names of +proprietors residing in the Northern Neck, as the peninsula between +the Potomac and the Rappahannock is called. This territory, +although acknowledging the jurisdiction of the Government +at Williamsburg in most matters and sending representatives +to the House of Burgesses, paid its quit-rents, not +to the Crown but to a proprietor. Nicholson, therefore, was +not concerned in their collection and took no steps to list its +landholders in his new roll. There is no reason to believe, +however, that conditions in that part of the colony were fundamentally +different.</p> + +<p>Nor can the accuracy of the rent roll be challenged. There +existed always the incentive to make false returns, of course, +in order to escape the payment of taxes, and not many sheriffs<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> +were so diligent as the one in Henrico who unearthed 1,669 +acres that had been "concealed."<a name="FNanchor_3-44_97" id="FNanchor_3-44_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-44_97" class="fnanchor">[3-44]</a> Yet it must be remembered +that the Governor brought to bear all the pressure at his disposal +to make this particular roll accurate, that the sheriffs +were his appointees, that they could not lightly defy him in so +important a matter. And even though in isolated cases they +may have winked at false returns from men of wealth and +rank, from the mass of small proprietors they must have insisted +upon reports as accurate as the records or actual surveying +could make them. No doubt certain uncultivated tracts +in the frontier counties were omitted, but with these we are +not immediately concerned. For conditions in the older parts +of the colony, where the slow evolution of economic factors +had been at work for a century, the roll presents unimpeachable +evidence that the bulk of the cultivated land was divided +into small plantations.</p> + +<p>But it still remains to prove that their owners were men of +meagre fortunes, men who tilled the soil with their own hands. +After all a farm of two or three hundred acres might give +scope for large activities, the employment of many servants +and slaves, the acquisition of some degree of wealth. Might +it not be possible that though the acres of the planter were +limited, his estate after all corresponded somewhat with the +popular conception?</p> + +<p>This leads us to a study of the distribution of servants and +slaves among the planters. At the outset we are faced with +convincing evidence that at the end of the Seventeenth century +the average number for each farm was very small. This is +shown by a comparison of the number of plantations listed in +the rent roll of 1704 with the estimated number of workers. +In the counties for which the sheriffs made returns for Governor +Nicholson there were some 5,500 landholders. When +to these is added the proprietors of the Northern Neck the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span> +number must have approximated 6,500. If at this time the +servants numbered 4,000, as seems probable,<a name="FNanchor_3-45_98" id="FNanchor_3-45_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-45_98" class="fnanchor">[3-45]</a> and the slaves +6,000, together they would have averaged but 1.5 workers for +each plantation. A decade earlier, when the use of slaves was +still comparatively infrequent, the figure must have been still +lower.</p> + +<p>Fortunately we have even more direct and detailed evidence. +Throughout almost all of Virginia colonial history one of the +chief methods of raising revenue for the Government was the +direct poll tax. This levy was laid, however, not only on every +freeman over sixteen years of age, but upon male servants +over 14, female servants who worked in the fields, and slaves +above 16 of either sex, all of whom were officially termed +tithables.<a name="FNanchor_3-46_99" id="FNanchor_3-46_99"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-46_99" class="fnanchor">[3-46]</a> The tax rolls in which these persons were listed, +some of which have been preserved among the county records, +throw much light upon social and economic conditions in the +colony.</p> + +<p>In one district of Surry county we find in the year 1675 that +there were 75 taxpayers and only 126 tithables. In other +words only 51 persons in this district had this duty paid for +them by others, whether parents, guardians or masters. And +of the taxpayers, forty-two were liable for themselves alone, +having no servants, slaves or dependent sons over 16; fifteen +were liable for one other person, eight for two others, and +only one, Lieutenant-Colonel Jordan, for so many as seven.<a name="FNanchor_3-47_100" id="FNanchor_3-47_100"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-47_100" class="fnanchor">[3-47]</a></p> + +<p>In other districts the story is the same. In one there were +forty taxpayers, 75 tithables and 25 persons who paid for +themselves alone; in another 28 taxpayers, 62 tithables, fifteen +who had no servants or slaves; in a third 48 taxpayers, 83 +tithables, 28 who paid only for themselves, eleven who paid +for two, five who paid for three; in a fourth district 29 taxpayers, +63 tithables, fourteen who had no servants or slaves; +in a fifth 25 taxpayers, 45 tithables, 12 who paid only for<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> +themselves.<a name="FNanchor_3-48_101" id="FNanchor_3-48_101"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-48_101" class="fnanchor">[3-48]</a> Thus in Surry county in the year 1675 there +were in all 245 taxpayers and 434 tithables. In other words +the men who paid their own tax outnumbered all those whose +tax was paid for them, whether servants, slaves or relatives, +at the ratio of about 4 to 3.</p> + +<p>A study of the records of the same county ten years later +leads to almost identical results. At that time Surry seems to +have been divided into four districts. In the first there were +78 taxpayers, 132 tithables, 30 persons who paid only for +themselves; in the second, 63 taxpayers, 133 tithables, 33 persons +who paid for themselves alone; in the third there were +38 taxpayers, 74 tithables and 22 persons paying only for +themselves; in the fourth 125 taxpayers, 201 tithables and 81 +persons having no dependents to pay for. Thus there were +540 tithables in all and 304 taxpayers. In the entire county +there were about 122 persons who paid the poll tax for others. +The largest holders of servants or slaves were Mr. Robert +Randall with seven, Lieutenant-Colonel William Browne with +nine, Mr. Robert Canfield with seven, Mr. Arthur Allen with +six, Mr. William Edwards with six, Mr. Francis Mason with +seven and Mr. Thomas Binns with eight.<a name="FNanchor_3-49_102" id="FNanchor_3-49_102"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-49_102" class="fnanchor">[3-49]</a></p> + +<p>Here again is proof that the popular conception of the Virginia +plantation life of the Seventeenth century is erroneous. +Instead of the wealthy planter who surrounded himself with +scores of servants and slaves, investigation reveals hundreds +of little farmers, many of them trusting entirely to their own +exertions for the cultivation of the soil, others having but one +or two servants, and a bare handful of well-to-do men each +having from five to ten, or in rare cases twenty or thirty, servants +and slaves.</p> + +<p>A further confirmation of these conclusions is to be had by +comparing the number of plantations listed in the rent roll of +1704 with the official returns of tithables for 1702.<a name="FNanchor_3-50_103" id="FNanchor_3-50_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-50_103" class="fnanchor">[3-50]</a> Thus in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> +Nansemond there were 375 plantations and 1,030 tithables, +Henrico with 162 plantations had 863 tithables, Middlesex +with 122 plantations had 814 tithables, Gloucester with 381 +plantations had 2,626, James City with 287 plantations had +1,193, York with 205 plantations had 1,180, Warwick with +122 plantations had 505, Elizabeth City with 116 plantations +had 478, Princess Anne with 215 plantations had 727, Surry +with 273 plantations had 739, Isle of Wight with 262 plantations +had 896, Norfolk with 303 plantations had 693, New +Kent with 497 plantations had 1,245, King William with 217 +plantations had 803, King and Queen with 403 plantations +had 1,848, Essex with 376 plantations had 1,034, Accomac +with 392 plantations had 1,041, Northampton with 258 plantations +had 693, Charles City and Prince George together with +420 plantations had 1,327.<a name="FNanchor_3-51_104" id="FNanchor_3-51_104"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-51_104" class="fnanchor">[3-51]</a></p> + +<p>In Nansemond the average number of tithables as compared +with the number of plantations was 2.7, in Henrico 5.1, in +Middlesex 6.7, in Gloucester 6.9, in James City 4.2, in York +5.7, in Warwick 4.1, in Elizabeth City 4, in Princess Anne 3.4, +in Surry 2.7, in Isle of Wight 3.3, in Norfolk 2.3, in New +Kent 2.5, in King William 3.7, in King and Queen 4.6, in +Essex 2.8, in Accomac 2.6, in Northampton 2.3, in Charles +City and Prince George combined 3.1. In all Virginia, with +the exclusion of the Northern Neck, there were 19,715 tithables +and some 5,500 plantations, an average of 3.6 tithables +for each plantation. If we deduct from the tithables all the +male freeholders included in the rent roll, there remains only +some 14,700 persons south of the Rappahannock to make up +the list, not only of servants and slaves, but of professional +men, wage earners, artisans and dependent sons of landholders +over 16 years of age.</p> + +<p>Another invaluable source of information concerning the +distribution of servants and slaves is provided by the numerous<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> +inventories, deeds, and wills which have been preserved +in the records. Thus in Surry during the years from 1671 to +1686 we find listed the estates of fifty-nine persons. Of these +no less than fifty-two were apparently without servants or +slaves; two, William Rooking and Captain Robert Spencer, +had five each; one, Mr. William Chambers, had three; and +four, Captain William Corker, John Hoge, Mr. John Goring +and Samuel Cornell, had one each.<a name="FNanchor_3-52_105" id="FNanchor_3-52_105"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-52_105" class="fnanchor">[3-52]</a></p> + +<p>In Elizabeth City of twenty-seven estates recorded during +the years from 1684 to 1699 sixteen were without servants or +slaves; of twenty-six recorded in York during the period from +1694 to 1697 thirteen had no servants or slaves; of twenty-three +recorded in Henrico from 1677 to 1692 fourteen were +without servants or slaves.<a name="FNanchor_3-53_106" id="FNanchor_3-53_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_3-53_106" class="fnanchor">[3-53]</a> It is true that these inventories +and wills, since they would usually pertain to persons of advanced +age, perhaps do not furnish an absolutely accurate +gauge of the average number of servants held by each planter. +On the other hand, it is equally probable that a larger proportion +of big estates than of the small found their way into the +records. At all events it is evident that a goodly proportion of +the landholders, perhaps sixty or sixty-five per cent possessed +no slaves or indentured servants, and trusted solely to their +own exertions for the cultivation of their plantations.</p> + +<p>Thus vanishes the fabled picture of Seventeenth century +Virginia. In its place we see a colony filled with little farms +a few hundred acres in extent, owned and worked by a sturdy +class of English farmers. Prior to the slave invasion which +marked the close of the Seventeenth century and the opening +of the Eighteenth, the most important factor in the life of the +Old Dominion was the white yeomanry.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p> +<h2><i>CHAPTER IV</i></h2> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Freemen and Freedmen</span></h4> + + +<p>It is obvious that the small planter class had its origin partly +in the immigration of persons who paid their own passage, +partly in the graduation into freedmen of large numbers of +indentured servants. But to determine accurately the proportion +of each is a matter of great difficulty. Had all the records +of Seventeenth century Virginia been preserved, it would +have been possible, by means of long and laborious investigation, +to arrive at strictly accurate conclusions. But with the +material in hand one has to be satisfied with an approximation +of the truth.</p> + +<p>It must again be emphasized that the indentured servants were +not slaves, and that at the expiration of their terms there was +no barrier, legal, racial or social to their advancement. The +Lords of Trade and Plantations, in 1676, expressed their dissatisfaction +at the word "servitude" as applied to them, which +they felt was a mark of bondage and slavery, and thought it +better "rather to use the word service, since those servants +are only apprentices for years."<a name="FNanchor_4-1_107" id="FNanchor_4-1_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-1_107" class="fnanchor">[4-1]</a> "Malitious tongues have impaired +it (Virginia) much," Bullock declared in 1649, "for it +hath been a constant report among the ordinary sort of people +that all those servants who are sent to Virginia are sold +into slavery, whereas the truth is that the merchants who send +servants and have no plantations of their own doe not only +transferre their time over to others, but the servants serve no +longer than the time they themselves agreed for in England, +and this is the ordinary course in England, and no prejudice +or hurt to the servant."<a name="FNanchor_4-2_108" id="FNanchor_4-2_108"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-2_108" class="fnanchor">[4-2]</a></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p><p>The terms of indenture not only took for granted that the +servant, upon completing his contract, would establish himself +as a proprietor, but usually made it obligatory for the +master to furnish him with the equipment necessary for his +new life. With rare exceptions he received a quantity of +grain sufficient to maintain him for one year; two suits, one +of Kersey, the other of cotton; a pair of canvas drawers; two +shirts; and one felt hat.<a name="FNanchor_4-3_109" id="FNanchor_4-3_109"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-3_109" class="fnanchor">[4-3]</a> The historian Beverley states that +to this outfit was added a gun worth twenty shillings.<a name="FNanchor_4-4_110" id="FNanchor_4-4_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-4_110" class="fnanchor">[4-4]</a> Another +writer tells us that the freedman received "a year's provision +of corne, double apparel" and a supply of tools.<a name="FNanchor_4-5_111" id="FNanchor_4-5_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-5_111" class="fnanchor">[4-5]</a></p> + +<p>There existed in England a widespread impression that the +servant, upon securing his freedom, was entitled by law to +fifty acres of land. This appears to have been a mistake arising +from a misapprehension of the nature of the headright, +which belonged not to the servant himself, but to the person +who paid for his transportation. In many cases the indentures +do not state the exact rewards to be received by the new freedman, +but only that they are to accord with "the custom of the +country," a very elastic term which could be construed by the +master to suit his own interest.<a name="FNanchor_4-6_112" id="FNanchor_4-6_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-6_112" class="fnanchor">[4-6]</a> John Hammond, in his <i>Leah +and Rachel</i>, strongly advised the immigrant before affixing his +signature to the indenture to insist upon the inclusion of a +clause specifically providing for the payment of the fifty acres.<a name="FNanchor_4-7_113" id="FNanchor_4-7_113"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-7_113" class="fnanchor">[4-7]</a> +But the importance which attaches to this matter lies as much +in the servant's expectation as in its fulfilment. Whether or +not he received his little plantation, he believed that he was to +get a tract of land, a very extensive tract it must have seemed +to him, which would assure him a good living and make it +possible for him to rise out of the class to which he belonged.<a name="FNanchor_4-8_114" id="FNanchor_4-8_114"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-8_114" class="fnanchor">[4-8]</a></p> + +<p>In 1627 the Virginia General Court issued an order which +is significant of the attitude of the colony itself to the freedmen. +"The Court, taking into consideration that the next ensueing<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> +year there will be many tenants and servants freed unto +whom after their freedom there will be no land due, whereby +they may without some order taken to the contrary settle and +seat themselves ... have ordered that the Governor and +Council may give unto the said servants and tenants leases for +terms of years such quantities of land as shall be needful."<a name="FNanchor_4-9_115" id="FNanchor_4-9_115"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-9_115" class="fnanchor">[4-9]</a> +Thus, at this period at least, not only was it expected in the +colony that servants would become land holders, but it was +felt that for them not to do so was a matter of such grave +concern as to require the special attention of the Government.</p> + +<p>After all, however, the key to the situation must be sought +in the history of tobacco culture and the tobacco trade. Tobacco +was the universal crop of the colony and upon it every +man depended for his advancement and prosperity. If the +market was good and the price high, the planters flourished; +if sales fell off and the price was low, they suffered accordingly. +It is evident, then, that the ability of the freedman to +secure a position of economic independence hinged upon the +profit to be derived from his little tobacco crop. It does not +matter whether he worked as a wage earner, tenant or freeholder, +in the end the result would be the same. If the returns +from his labor greatly exceeded his expenses, his savings +would make it possible for him to establish himself firmly +in the class of the colonial yeomanry. On the other hand, +if he could wring from the soil no more than a bare subsistence, +he would remain always a poor laborer, or perhaps be +forced to seek his fortune in some other colony. Thus if we +are to understand the status of the freed servant and the hope +which he could entertain of advancement, it is necessary to +turn our attention once more to economic conditions in the +colony. First, we must determine the amount of tobacco the +freedman could produce by his unassisted labor; second, the +price he received for it; third, how much he had to give the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> +merchants in exchange for their wares; and finally, the margin +of profit left after all expenses had been paid.</p> + +<p>Despite a marked divergence of testimony regarding the +amount of tobacco one man could cultivate, we are able to determine +this matter with some degree of exactness. In 1627 +the King, in outlining a plan to take into his own hands the +entire tobacco trade, proposed to limit the imports to 200 +pounds for each master of a family and 125 for each servant.<a name="FNanchor_4-10_116" id="FNanchor_4-10_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-10_116" class="fnanchor">[4-10]</a> +To this, however, the planters entered a vigorous protest, +claiming that the quantity was "not sufficient for their maintenance." +They in turn suggested that the King take a total +of 500,000 pounds a year, which for a population of 3,000 +meant 167 pounds for each inhabitant, or perhaps about 500 +pounds for each actual laborer.<a name="FNanchor_4-11_117" id="FNanchor_4-11_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-11_117" class="fnanchor">[4-11]</a> Again in 1634 it was proposed +that the Crown purchase yearly 600,000 pounds of Virginia +tobacco.<a name="FNanchor_4-12_118" id="FNanchor_4-12_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-12_118" class="fnanchor">[4-12]</a> As the population of the colony at that date +was about 5,000, this would have allowed only 120 pounds +for each person, and once more the planters protested vigorously.<a name="FNanchor_4-13_119" id="FNanchor_4-13_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-13_119" class="fnanchor">[4-13]</a> +It would seem that both of these offers were based +not so much upon the amount that one man could raise as +upon the quantity which could be sold in England at a certain +price. In fact it is probable that even so early as 1628 the +average output of one freedman was not less than 1,000 +pounds. It is interesting to note that in 1640, soon after Governor +Francis Wyatt's arrival from England, it was found +that the excessive crop of the previous year had so clogged +the market that upon the advice of the merchants the Government +was "forced to a strict way of destroying the bad and +halfe the goode."<a name="FNanchor_4-14_120" id="FNanchor_4-14_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-14_120" class="fnanchor">[4-14]</a></p> + +<p>The author of <i>A New Description of Virginia</i>, published in +1649, claims that one man could plant from 1,600 to 2,000 +pounds a year.<a name="FNanchor_4-15_121" id="FNanchor_4-15_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-15_121" class="fnanchor">[4-15]</a> As the pamphlet presents a somewhat optimistic +picture of affairs in general in the colony, this estimate<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> +must be taken with some reserve. More trustworthy is the +statement of Secretary Thomas Ludwell in 1667 that 1,200 +pounds was "the medium of men's yearly crops."<a name="FNanchor_4-16_122" id="FNanchor_4-16_122"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-16_122" class="fnanchor">[4-16]</a></p> + +<p>At all events, it is evident that the planter, even when entirely +dependent upon his own exertions, could produce a +goodly crop. It is now necessary to ascertain what he got for +it. In the second and third decades of the Seventeenth century +the price of tobacco was very high. The first cargo, consisting +of 20,000 pounds consigned in the George, sold for no +less than £5,250, or 5s. 3d. a pound.<a name="FNanchor_4-17_123" id="FNanchor_4-17_123"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-17_123" class="fnanchor">[4-17]</a> No wonder the leaders +of the London Company were pleased, believing that in the +Indian weed they had discovered a veritable gold mine! No +wonder the settlers deserted their pallisades and their villages +to seek out the richest soil and the spots best suited for tobacco +culture! The man who could produce 200 pounds of the +plant, after all freight charges had been met, could clear some +£30 or £35, a very tidy sum indeed for those days. It was the +discovery that Virginia could produce tobacco of excellent +quality that accounts for the heavy migration in the years from +1618 to 1623. In fact, so rich were the returns that certain +persons came to the colony, not with the intention of making +it their permanent residence, but of enriching themselves "by +a cropp of Tobacco," and then returning to England to enjoy +the proceeds.<a name="FNanchor_4-18_124" id="FNanchor_4-18_124"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-18_124" class="fnanchor">[4-18]</a></p> + +<p>But this state of affairs was of necessity temporary. Very +soon the increasing size of the annual crop began to tell upon +the price, and in 1623 Sir Nathaniel Rich declared that he +had bought large quantities of tobacco at two shillings a +pound.<a name="FNanchor_4-19_125" id="FNanchor_4-19_125"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-19_125" class="fnanchor">[4-19]</a> This gentleman felt that it would be just to the +planters were they to receive two shillings and four pence for +the best varieties, and sixteen pence for the "second sort." In +the same year Governor Wyatt and his Council, in a letter to +the Virginia Company, placed the valuation of tobacco at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> +eighteen pence a pound.<a name="FNanchor_4-20_126" id="FNanchor_4-20_126"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-20_126" class="fnanchor">[4-20]</a> Three years later, however, the +Governor wrote the Privy Council advising the establishment +in Virginia of a "magazine" or entrepot, where the merchants +should be compelled to take the tobacco at three shillings a +pound.<a name="FNanchor_4-21_127" id="FNanchor_4-21_127"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-21_127" class="fnanchor">[4-21]</a> This proposal did not seem reasonable to the King, +and when Sir George Yeardley came over as Governor for the +second time he was instructed to see to it that "the merchant +be not constrained to take tobacco at 3. P. Pound in exchange +for his wares," and to permit him to "make his own bargain."<a name="FNanchor_4-22_128" id="FNanchor_4-22_128"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-22_128" class="fnanchor">[4-22]</a></p> + +<p>Apparently not discouraged by this rebuff, in 1628 the Governor, +Council and Burgesses petitioned the King, who once +more was planning to take the trade into his own hands, to +grant them "for their tobacco delivered in the colony three +shillings and six pence per pound, and in England, four shillings."<a name="FNanchor_4-23_129" id="FNanchor_4-23_129"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-23_129" class="fnanchor">[4-23]</a> +This valuation undoubtedly was far in advance of +the current prices, and King Charles, considering it unreasonable +would not come to terms with the planters. In fact, it +appears that for some years the price of tobacco had been declining +rapidly. In May, 1630, Sir John Harvey wrote the +Privy Council that the merchants had bought the last crop +with their commodities at less than a penny per pound,<a name="FNanchor_4-24_130" id="FNanchor_4-24_130"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-24_130" class="fnanchor">[4-24]</a> and +two years later, in a statement sent the Virginia Commissioners, +he claimed that the price still remained at that figure.<a name="FNanchor_4-25_131" id="FNanchor_4-25_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-25_131" class="fnanchor">[4-25]</a></p> + +<p>It may be taken for granted, however, that this estimate +was far below the actual price. The planters showed a decided +tendency to blow hot or cold according to the purpose +in view, and in these two particular statements Sir John was +pleading for better treatment from the merchants. Yet it is +reasonably certain that tobacco was at a low ebb in the years +from 1629 to 1633, and sold at a small fraction of the figures +of the preceding decade.<a name="FNanchor_4-26_132" id="FNanchor_4-26_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-26_132" class="fnanchor">[4-26]</a> The Governor repeatedly wrote +asking for relief, while in the Assembly attempts were made<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> +to restore the market by restricting the size of the annual +crop.<a name="FNanchor_4-27_133" id="FNanchor_4-27_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-27_133" class="fnanchor">[4-27]</a></p> + +<p>Yet things must have taken a favorable turn soon after, for +in 1634 the planters informed the King's Commissioners that +they would not sell him their tobacco at less than six pence in +Virginia and fourteen pence delivered in England.<a name="FNanchor_4-28_134" id="FNanchor_4-28_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-28_134" class="fnanchor">[4-28]</a> Later +the King wrote to the Governor and Council that the rate had +recently "doubly or trebly advanced."<a name="FNanchor_4-29_135" id="FNanchor_4-29_135"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-29_135" class="fnanchor">[4-29]</a> This is substantiated +by the fact that the Commissioners, in 1638, allowed the +planters "4d. a pound clear of all charges," despite which they +complained that in an open market they could do better.<a name="FNanchor_4-30_136" id="FNanchor_4-30_136"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-30_136" class="fnanchor">[4-30]</a></p> + +<p>In 1638 several prominent Virginians estimated that on an +average during the preceding eleven years they had received +not more than two pence for their tobacco, but here again it is +probable that there was some exaggeration.<a name="FNanchor_4-31_137" id="FNanchor_4-31_137"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-31_137" class="fnanchor">[4-31]</a> In 1649 the +author of <i>A New Description of Virginia</i> stated that tobacco +sold in Virginia for three pence a pound.<a name="FNanchor_4-32_138" id="FNanchor_4-32_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-32_138" class="fnanchor">[4-32]</a> All in all it seems +that prices in the early years of the settlement varied from five +shillings to a few pence, that a disastrous slump occurred +at the end of the third decade, followed by a rapid recovery +which brought the rate to about three pence, at which figure +it remained fairly constant for twenty-five years or more +throughout the Civil War and most of the Commonwealth +periods.</p> + +<p>The return which the Virginia farmer received from his +one staple crop was determined by a number of factors over +which he himself had but little control. Had he been permitted +to seek his own market and drive his own bargain free +from the restraining hand of the British Government, no +doubt he would have secured a much better price. But from +the moment it became apparent that the Virginia tobacco +rivalled in flavor that of the Spanish colonies and could command +as ready a sale throughout Europe, the trade was subjected<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> +to various regulations and restrictions which proved +most vexatious to the colony and elicited frequent and vigorous +protests. Neither James nor Charles had any idea of permitting +free trade. In their prolonged struggle with the liberal +party both saw in tobacco a ready means of aiding the +Exchequer, and so of advancing toward the goal of financial +independence. These monarchs were by no means hostile to +Virginia. In fact, both took great interest in the tiny settlement +upon the James, which they looked upon as the beginning +of the future British colonial empire. Yet they lent too +willing an ear to those who argued that tobacco might be +made to yield a goodly revenue to the Crown without injury +to the planters.</p> + +<p>The policy adopted by the early Stuart kings and adhered +to with but minor changes throughout the colonial period consisted +of four essential features. First, the tobacco raised in +the plantations should be sent only to England; second, upon +entering the mother country it must pay a duty to the Crown; +third, Spanish tobacco should be excluded or its importation +strictly limited; lastly, the cultivation of the plant in England +itself was forbidden.</p> + +<p>In the years when the colony was still weak and dependent +upon the mother country this program was not unfair. The +prohibition of tobacco growing in England, however unnecessary +it would have been under conditions of free trade, was +felt by the planters to be a real concession, while the restrictions +upon foreign importations saved them from dangerous +competition at the very time when they were least able to combat +it. Nor were they seriously injured by the imposition of +the customs duties. The planters themselves imagined that the +incidence of this tax fell upon their own shoulders and that +they were impoverished to the full extent of the revenues derived +from it. But in this they were mistaken. The duty, in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> +the last resort, was paid not by the planters but by the British +consumers. The colonists were affected adversely only in so +far as the enhanced price of tobacco in England restricted the +market.</p> + +<p>On the other hand, the prohibition of foreign trade was a +very real grievance and elicited frequent protests from the +planters. Dutch merchants paid high prices for the Virginia +tobacco and offered their manufactured goods in return at +figures far below those of the British traders. The Virginians +could not understand why they should not take advantage of +this opportunity. "I humbly desire to be informed from your +honors," wrote Governor Harvey to the Virginia Commissioners +in 1632, "whether there be any obstacle why we may not +have the same freedome of his Majesties other subjects to +seek our best market."<a name="FNanchor_4-33_139" id="FNanchor_4-33_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-33_139" class="fnanchor">[4-33]</a></p> + +<p>But Harvey was attacking what already had become a fixed +policy of the Crown, a policy which was to remain the cornerstone +of the British colonial system for centuries. The Government +had, therefore, not the slightest intention of yielding, +and from time to time issued strict orders that all colonial tobacco, +whether of Virginia or the West Indies, be brought only +to England or to English colonies. When Sir William Berkeley +was appointed Governor in 1642 he was instructed to "bee +verry careful that no ships or other vessels whatsoever depart +from thence, freighted with tobacco or other commodities +which that country shall afford, before bond with sufficient securities +be taken to his Majesty's use, to bring the same directly +into his Majesty's Dominions and not elsewhere."<a name="FNanchor_4-34_140" id="FNanchor_4-34_140"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-34_140" class="fnanchor">[4-34]</a></p> + +<p>Despite the insistence of the British Government in this +matter, there is abundant evidence to show that the Virginians +continued to indulge in direct trade with the continent for +many years after the overthrow of the Company. In 1632 +Governor Harvey wrote that "our intrudinge neighbours, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> +Dutch, doe allow us eighteen peance p. pound" for tobacco, +while a few months later we find him reporting the attempt of +John Constable and others "to defraud his Majesty of his +duties by unloading in the Netherlands."<a name="FNanchor_4-35_141" id="FNanchor_4-35_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-35_141" class="fnanchor">[4-35]</a></p> + +<p>With the advent of the English Civil War and throughout +the Commonwealth period Virginia enjoyed a large degree of +independence and found it possible to trade with the Dutch +almost with impunity. Even the strict Berkeley seems to have +felt it no disloyalty for the planters to seek foreign markets +for their staple while the mother country was torn by the contending +armies of King and Parliament. And so the merchantmen +of Flushing and Amsterdam pushed their prows into +every river and creek in Virginia and Maryland, taking off +large quantities of tobacco and giving in return the celebrated +manufactured goods of their own country. At Christmas +1648, if we may believe the testimony of the author of <i>A +New Description of Virginia</i>, there were trading in the colony +ten ships from London, two from Bristol, seven from New +England and twelve from Holland. In 1655 the statement was +made that "there was usually found intruding upon the plantation +divers ships, surruptitiously carrying away the growth +thereof to foreign ports to the prejudice of this Commonwealth."<a name="FNanchor_4-36_142" id="FNanchor_4-36_142"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-36_142" class="fnanchor">[4-36]</a></p> + +<p>Thus in the years prior to the Restoration Virginia was +never fully subjected to the operation of the British colonial +system. When the price of tobacco in the London market +fell lower and lower, the planters might and often did find +relief by defying the King's commands and trading directly +with the Dutch.<a name="FNanchor_4-37_143" id="FNanchor_4-37_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-37_143" class="fnanchor">[4-37]</a> And this benefitted them doubly, for not +only did they strike a better bargain with the foreign traders, +but every cargo of tobacco diverted from England tended to +relieve the market there and restore prices. In fact there can +be little doubt that the frequent violations of the trade restrictions<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> +of this period alone saved the colony from the poverty +and distress of later days and made possible the prosperity +enjoyed by the planters.</p> + +<p>It must be noted also that of the tobacco sent to England +itself, a part was reshipped to foreign countries. In 1610 a +law was enacted for the refunding of all import duties upon +articles that were re-exported. This drawback applied also +to colonial products, but under Charles I an exception was +made in their case and the privilege withdrawn. In consequence +the importers made a vigorous protest in Parliament, +and the King, in 1631, modified his policy by ordering that of +the nine pence duty then in operation, six pence should be refunded +when the tobacco was shipped abroad. In 1632 the +drawback was increased to seven pence leaving the total duty +paid by the merchants who traded through England to foreign +countries two pence a pound only.<a name="FNanchor_4-38_144" id="FNanchor_4-38_144"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-38_144" class="fnanchor">[4-38]</a> Although this constituted +a most serious obstacle to trade and at times aroused +the merchants to bitter protest, it by no means completely +blocked re-exportation. So great were the natural qualifications +of Virginia for producing tobacco, that it was possible +to purchase a cargo from the planters on the James, proceed +with it to London, pay there the two pence a pound duty, reship +it to the continent and sell it there at a profit.<a name="FNanchor_4-39_145" id="FNanchor_4-39_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-39_145" class="fnanchor">[4-39]</a> Although +this trade was not extensive, it must have had an important +influence in maintaining prices and in bringing prosperity to +all classes in the colony.</p> + +<p>Thus Virginia, contrary to the wishes of the mother country +and in defiance of her regulations, enjoyed for its staple +product in the years prior to 1660, a world market. Whether +by direct trade or by re-exportation from England a goodly +share of the annual crop was consumed in foreign countries, a +share which had it been left in England to clog the market, +would have reacted disastrously upon all concerned.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span></p><p>It is apparent, then, that in the first half century of its +existence Virginia was the land of opportunity. The poor +man who came to her shores, whether under terms of indenture +or as a freeman, found it quite possible to establish himself +as a person of some property and consideration. We may +imagine the case of the servant who had completed his term +and secured his freedom at any time during the third decade +of the Seventeenth century. As we have seen, it was an easy +matter for him to secure a small patch of land and the tools +with which to cultivate it. By his unassisted efforts, if he applied +himself steadily to the task, he could produce a good +crop of tobacco, consisting perhaps of some 400 pounds. This +he could sell to the merchants for from two shillings to six +pence a pound, or a total of from £10 to £40.<a name="FNanchor_4-40_146" id="FNanchor_4-40_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-40_146" class="fnanchor">[4-40]</a></p> + +<p>In the years from 1630 to 1640, when the price of tobacco +seems to have stabilized itself at from two to three pence, +cases of such extraordinary returns must have been of less +frequent occurrence, but to some extent lower prices were offset +by larger crops. If our freedman in 1635 could raise +800 pounds of leaf and dispose of it for four pence, his income +would be £13.6.8; in 1649, by producing 1,000 pounds, +he could sell it at three pence for £12.10.0. In fact, it is not +too much to say that the average annual income from the +labor of one able worker at any time prior to 1660 was not less +than £12. When we take into consideration the fact that the +planter produced his own food, and that out of the proceeds +of his tobacco crop he paid only his taxes and his bills to the +English importers, it is evident that he had a goodly margin +of profit to lay aside as working capital.</p> + +<p>It must not be forgotten, however, that this margin was +greatly reduced by the high cost of clothing, farm implements +and all other articles brought from across the ocean. The +long and dangerous voyage from London to the Chesapeake<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span> +made the freight rates excessive, while the merchants did not +scruple to drive a hard bargain whenever possible. The letters +of the Governors are filled with complaints against the +exactions of these men. "This year the Merchants have +bought our tobacco with their commodities at less than a +penny the pounde," Harvey wrote in 1630, "and have not +shamed to make the planters pay twelve pounds Sterlinge the +tunn freight home."<a name="FNanchor_4-41_147" id="FNanchor_4-41_147"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-41_147" class="fnanchor">[4-41]</a> Two years later he complained that a +certain Captain Tucker had just sailed leaving his stores well +stocked with goods, but with "instructions to his factors not +to sell but at most excessive rates."<a name="FNanchor_4-42_148" id="FNanchor_4-42_148"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-42_148" class="fnanchor">[4-42]</a> In 1628, the Governor, +Council and Burgesses, in a petition to the King, declared that +for years they had "groaned under the oppression of unconscionable +and cruel merchants by the excessive rates of their +commodities."<a name="FNanchor_4-43_149" id="FNanchor_4-43_149"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-43_149" class="fnanchor">[4-43]</a> Six years later Governor Harvey stated that +all things which "come hither" are sold at "thrice the value +they cost in England."<a name="FNanchor_4-44_150" id="FNanchor_4-44_150"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-44_150" class="fnanchor">[4-44]</a></p> + +<p>It is obvious, however, that after all expenses had been paid, +a goodly margin of profit was left, a margin perhaps averaging +some three or four pounds sterling. The provident and +industrious immigrant, a few years after the conclusion of his +term, might well lay aside enough to make it possible for him +in turn to secure a servant from England. This accomplished, +he at once rose into the class of employers and his future advance +was limited only by his capabilities and his ambition.</p> + +<p>We would naturally expect to find, then, that during these +years a large percentage of those who came to the colony +under terms of indenture, sooner or later acquired land, perhaps +bought servants, and became persons of some standing in +the colony. Certainly the opportunity was theirs. It will be +interesting therefore to study the early records in order to +glean what evidence we may concerning this matter. If the +servants graduated in any appreciable numbers into the planter<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> +class, the patents, wills, inventories, land transfers and muster +rolls could hardly fail to yield some evidence of the fact.</p> + +<p>Turning first to the earliest period, we find that of the laborers +who were imported by the London Company to cultivate +the public lands, a fair proportion became proprietors +and were regarded by later comers with especial esteem as +"ancient planters." At the termination of their service they +were granted 100 acres and when this was fully cultivated received +another tract of the same extent. To the apprentices +bound out to tenants even more liberal treatment was accorded, +for they were provided with a year's store of corn, a house, +a cow, clothing, armor, household utensils, farm tools and as +much land as they could till.<a name="FNanchor_4-45_151" id="FNanchor_4-45_151"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-45_151" class="fnanchor">[4-45]</a></p> + +<p>The guiding hand of the Company was missed by the freedmen +after the revoking of the charter, for the Governors seem +to have left them to shift for themselves. Yet this fact did not +prevent many from forging ahead, acquiring land, and in some +cases positions of trust in the Government itself. In Hotten's +<i>Immigrants</i> is published a muster roll for the year 1624 of all +the settlers in Virginia, in which servants are carefully distinguished +from freemen.<a name="FNanchor_4-46_152" id="FNanchor_4-46_152"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-46_152" class="fnanchor">[4-46]</a> By following, as well as the imperfect +records of the period permit, the after careers of the +former, it is possible to determine with a fair degree of accuracy +to what extent the small farmer class at this period +was recruited from persons coming to the colony under terms +of indenture.</p> + +<p>Of the forty-four Burgesses who sat in the Assembly of +1629, no less than seven—John Harris, William Allen, William +Popleton, Anthony Pagett, Richard Townsend, Adam +Thoroughgood and Lionell Rowlston—were listed as servants +in the muster of 1624.<a name="FNanchor_4-47_153" id="FNanchor_4-47_153"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-47_153" class="fnanchor">[4-47]</a> Thus some sixteen per cent of this +important body, the Virginia House of Commons, at this time +was made up of men who five years previously had been working<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> +out their passage money. Among the thirty-nine members +of the House of 1632, six appear as servants in the muster—Thomas +Barnett, Adam Thoroughgood, Lionell Rowlston, +Thomas Crump, Roger Webster and Robert Scotchmon. +Whether there were other members who came over under +terms of indenture but secured their freedom before 1624, we +have no means of determining.</p> + +<p>The author of <i>Virginia's Cure</i>, published in 1662, asserted +that the Burgesses "were usual such as went over as servants +thither; and though by time, and industry, they may have obtained +competent estates, yet by reason of their poor and mean +condition, were unskilful in judging of a good estate, either +of church or Commonwealth."<a name="FNanchor_4-48_154" id="FNanchor_4-48_154"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-48_154" class="fnanchor">[4-48]</a> This statement is a gross +exaggeration both as to the composition of the Burgesses and +their abilities. Instances of the election of freedmen to the +House, fairly frequent in the early years of the colony, became +rarer as the century advanced and the field of selection +widened. Yet in the Assembly of 1652, of the thirty-five +members, eight or nine appear on the patent rolls as headrights +brought over by others.<a name="FNanchor_4-49_155" id="FNanchor_4-49_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-49_155" class="fnanchor">[4-49]</a> It is evident that even so late as the +middle of the century the door of opportunity was still open +to the freedmen.</p> + +<p>In the absence of a complete census for the decades after +1624, it is very difficult to determine what proportion of the +servants listed in the muster roll of that year subsequently became +landowners. Some light is thrown on the matter by a +search through the patent books. Here are found a surprisingly +large number of persons who in 1624 were servants. +Among these are Anthony Jones, John Sparkes, John Cooke, +Roger Delk, John Trussell, William Woolritch, Pettyplace +Cloyse, Edward Sparshott, William Dawson, Richard Bell, +Robert Browne, Nicholas Browne, John Chandler, Lionell +Rowlston, Thomas Savadge, Samuel Bennett, Daniel Shurley,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> +James Hatfield, Adam Thoroughgood, John Robinson, John +Hill, John Seaward, William Ramshaw, Samuel Weaver, John +Upton, John Watson, Thomas Crompe and John Russell.<a name="FNanchor_4-50_156" id="FNanchor_4-50_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-50_156" class="fnanchor">[4-50]</a></p> + +<p>Of these persons several acquired a fair degree of wealth +and became of importance in the early life of the colony. It is +interesting to note also, that some were men of good condition +in England, the case of Adam Thoroughgood, whose brother +Sir John Thoroughgood was at one time secretary to the Earl +of Pembroke, is notable in this respect. John Hill, before +coming to Virginia, had been a book binder in Oxford university, +and his father had been a fletcher.<a name="FNanchor_4-51_157" id="FNanchor_4-51_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-51_157" class="fnanchor">[4-51]</a> The patents of +Thomas Crompe and John Russell state that fifty acres was +due in each case for the "personal adventure" of the patentee, +but since they are distinctly listed as servants in 1624 it seems +probable that subsequently each made a visit to England and +put in claims for the headright for the return voyage.<a name="FNanchor_4-52_158" id="FNanchor_4-52_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-52_158" class="fnanchor">[4-52]</a></p> + +<p>Thus it is evident that a large proportion of the landholders +during and prior to 1635 had come to the colony under terms +of indenture, either under the Company or with private individuals. +Perhaps it would not be unfair to estimate this proportion +at from thirty to forty per cent, but it must be distinctly +understood that the matter cannot be determined with +any degree of accuracy or finality. Some years later Governor +Berkeley in an address before the Assembly, stated that hundreds +of examples testified to the fact that no man in Virginia +was denied the opportunity to rise and to acquire both +property and honor.<a name="FNanchor_4-53_159" id="FNanchor_4-53_159"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-53_159" class="fnanchor">[4-53]</a> Careful research tends to corroborate +this assertion but it does not and cannot show whether the +bulk of the early planters came to the colony as freemen or as +indentured servants.</p> + +<p>During the years from 1635 to 1660 the process of building +up a class of small farmers in large part from freedmen continued +unabated. But the difficulties of the investigator in<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span> +studying this period are also very great. Yet it is possible, by +examining the names that appear in the land patents and wills, +and comparing them with the list of headrights, to arrive at +fairly satisfactory results. We find that of the 131 persons +listed in the York county wills from 1646 to 1659 no less than +twenty-five appear as headrights for others. Of these the +major part became landowners, some of them men of influence +in Virginia.<a name="FNanchor_4-54_160" id="FNanchor_4-54_160"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-54_160" class="fnanchor">[4-54]</a> The Rappahannock wills for the years +from 1656 to 1664 show a like result. Thirty-nine persons +appear in the records, of whom seven came in as headrights.<a name="FNanchor_4-55_161" id="FNanchor_4-55_161"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-55_161" class="fnanchor">[4-55]</a></p> + +<p>There is always the possibility of error in identifying these +persons for the recurrence of such names as Smith, Jones, +Turner, Davis, Hall, the monotonous repetition of a few +common given names, and the universal omission of middle +names add greatly to our difficulties. Moreover, mistakes +are apt to occur because of the transfer of headrights by sale. +The free immigrant to whom was due fifty acres for his "personal +adventure" might not care to settle on the frontier where +alone unpatented land could usually be found. At times he +sold his right and purchased a plantation in some one of the +older and more advanced counties. It is not conclusively +proved, then, that a certain person came as a servant merely +because he is listed as a headright. On the other hand, the +fact that it was the custom to set forth such transfers clearly +in the patent itself, justifies the conclusion that in the cases +where no statement of the kind is made, the headright for +which the land was granted usually came in under terms of +indenture.</p> + +<p>In Volume III of the land patents are listed in the years +from 1635 to 1653 patents to fifty-seven persons in James +City county.<a name="FNanchor_4-56_162" id="FNanchor_4-56_162"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-56_162" class="fnanchor">[4-56]</a> Of these no less than thirty-one are found also +as headrights belonging to others, although a duplication of +names in several cases makes identification uncertain. One<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> +person only claimed the fifty acres for having paid his own +passage to Virginia. When all possible allowance is made for +transfers of rights it is obvious that at this time freedmen +were still entering freely into the class of landowners.</p> + +<p>An examination of the James City county patents in Volume +IV, covering the years from 1653 to 1663, leads to similar +results, for of the eighty-five names which appear there, +forty-five are listed as headrights belonging to others. And +although the tracts granted these men were usually small in +size, in certain cases they were far in excess of the average +plantation. Thus Edward Cole, who appears as a headright +in 1642, patented 900 acres in 1655;<a name="FNanchor_4-57_163" id="FNanchor_4-57_163"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-57_163" class="fnanchor">[4-57]</a> Thomas Warburton +patented 1,664 acres;<a name="FNanchor_4-58_164" id="FNanchor_4-58_164"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-58_164" class="fnanchor">[4-58]</a> George Gilbert 1,000 acres; Francis +Burwell 1,000 and John Underwood 2,000 acres.<a name="FNanchor_4-59_165" id="FNanchor_4-59_165"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-59_165" class="fnanchor">[4-59]</a> The number +of years which elapsed between the listing of the headrights +and the granting of the patents varied from two to twenty-eight. +The average for the thirty-five cases in which the dates +are given is twelve years. As the claims for headrights were +often made long after the actual arrival of the servant, it may +be assumed that the average was even greater than this. Once +more, however, it must be remembered that these lists do not +record personal transfers of land, while it is quite certain that +many freedmen, instead of patenting unoccupied tracts, secured +their little farms by purchase. Some probably became +proprietors in the very first year of their freedom and set to +work with hoe and plow to wrest their living from the soil.</p> + +<p>In the patent rolls the bulk of the headrights are alluded to +simply as "persons," leaving it undecided whether those included +in the various lists are freemen or servants. But occasionally +the newcomers are specifically described as "servants," +in which case, of course, there can be no doubt whatever +as to their status. By selecting at random a number of +names from those so termed, avoiding for convenience sake<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> +all Smiths, Joneses and others the frequent recurrence of +whose names would make identification difficult, it is possible +to arrive at definite conclusions by following, as best we can, +their careers in after life. With this in view we have made +up the following list of servants: Henry Arnetrading, George +Archer, Silvester Atkins, Nicholas Atwell, Edward Ames, +John Aram, Robert Arnall, Peter Asheley, William Baldwin, +Edward Burt, Francis Baile, John Bauchees, John Bishop, +John Blackstone, Anthony Box, Michael Brichley, Peter Buck, +William Burcher, John Causey, Robert Chesheire, Thomas +Chilcott, Thomas Clayton, Annanias Coplestone, James Courtney, +Thomas Cropp, Thomas Connagrave, John Day, John +Dodman, Jonathan Ellison, Edward Eastwood, James +Fletcher, Thomas Foanes, John Fouke, Francis Francklin, +Armstrong Foster, Robert Fossett, John Farr, Robert Garsell, +George Gilbert, Henry Giles, Hector Godbear, Francis Gray, +Reginald Griffin, Thomas Halcock, Thomas Hand, Henry +Hartwell, Hugh Hayes, John Hedler, Richard Huett, John +Hodgbins, John Holdin, William Hankinson, John Hether, +Lazarus Manning, Thomas Pattison, John Pullapin, Sampson +Robins, George Walton, Francis Withers, Robert Webstie and +Thomas Warden. A search through the patent rolls, wills, +tithable lists and other data found in the records of the period, +has led to the more or less positive identification of fifteen of +these persons.</p> + +<p>John Bishop, who was transported by Thomas Gray, became +a man of influence and means. He represented Charles +City county in the House of Burgesses in the sessions of +1644, 1652 and 1653, and was variously known as Captain +Bishop or Mr. Bishop.<a name="FNanchor_4-60_166" id="FNanchor_4-60_166"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-60_166" class="fnanchor">[4-60]</a> Although he became a landowner +so early as 1638,<a name="FNanchor_4-61_167" id="FNanchor_4-61_167"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-61_167" class="fnanchor">[4-61]</a> his family arrived from England only in +1651. Francis Gray, brought to Virginia at the age of fifteen +by Joseph Johnson, also became prominent, securing a<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> +seat in the Assembly and acquiring a fair estate. In 1653 he +took up 750 acres in Charles City county, while ten years later +he is credited with 374 acres more in Westmoreland.<a name="FNanchor_4-62_168" id="FNanchor_4-62_168"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-62_168" class="fnanchor">[4-62]</a> His +will was recorded in 1667.<a name="FNanchor_4-63_169" id="FNanchor_4-63_169"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-63_169" class="fnanchor">[4-63]</a></p> + +<p>George Archer became an extensive landowner, patenting +250 acres in 1663, 550 acres in 1665, 784 acres in 1671 and +1,395 acres in 1673.<a name="FNanchor_4-64_170" id="FNanchor_4-64_170"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-64_170" class="fnanchor">[4-64]</a> In 1691 he received, in conjunction +with others, title to a tract of 2,827 acres in Henrico.<a name="FNanchor_4-65_171" id="FNanchor_4-65_171"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-65_171" class="fnanchor">[4-65]</a> John +Holding patented in York county 850 acres in 1649 and 389 +acres in 1653.<a name="FNanchor_4-66_172" id="FNanchor_4-66_172"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-66_172" class="fnanchor">[4-66]</a> William Baldwin, who came in the Plaine +Joan when he was twenty-four years of age, received three +grants of land, one for 600 acres in York county, one for 67 +acres in Isle of Wight, and one, in conjunction with Richard +Lawrence, for 300 in Rappahannock.<a name="FNanchor_4-67_173" id="FNanchor_4-67_173"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-67_173" class="fnanchor">[4-67]</a></p> + +<p>Thomas Pattison, transported by Francis Epes in 1635, +took up in Lancaster two tracts, one for 200 acres and one +for 400.<a name="FNanchor_4-68_174" id="FNanchor_4-68_174"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-68_174" class="fnanchor">[4-68]</a> He also became part owner of two more tracts, +one for 220 acres and the other for 504.<a name="FNanchor_4-69_175" id="FNanchor_4-69_175"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-69_175" class="fnanchor">[4-69]</a> John Dodman secured +a patent for 350 acres in Westmoreland in the year +1662.<a name="FNanchor_4-70_176" id="FNanchor_4-70_176"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-70_176" class="fnanchor">[4-70]</a> Thomas Warden is mentioned as a landowner in +James City county in 1643.<a name="FNanchor_4-71_177" id="FNanchor_4-71_177"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-71_177" class="fnanchor">[4-71]</a> George Gilbert, transported in +1635 by Joseph Johnson, took up fifty acres in James City +county in 1643.<a name="FNanchor_4-72_178" id="FNanchor_4-72_178"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-72_178" class="fnanchor">[4-72]</a> In 1663, in partnership with Richard +Scruely, he patented 1,000 acres in the same county north of +the Chickahominy river.<a name="FNanchor_4-73_179" id="FNanchor_4-73_179"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-73_179" class="fnanchor">[4-73]</a> John Blackstone acquired two +tracts, one for 100 acres and the other for 151 acres,<a name="FNanchor_4-74_180" id="FNanchor_4-74_180"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-74_180" class="fnanchor">[4-74]</a> while +William Burcher received a grant for 300 acres.<a name="FNanchor_4-75_181" id="FNanchor_4-75_181"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-75_181" class="fnanchor">[4-75]</a></p> + +<p>Several of these men who came as servants to the Eastern +Shore are found in succeeding years among the yeomanry of +Accomac and Northampton. Henry Arnetrading, Armstrong +Foster, William Burcher and Sampson Robins were signers of +the Northampton submission to the Commonwealth in 1652.<a name="FNanchor_4-76_182" id="FNanchor_4-76_182"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-76_182" class="fnanchor">[4-76]</a> +Henry Arnetrading was the owner of 300 acres of land.<a name="FNanchor_4-77_183" id="FNanchor_4-77_183"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-77_183" class="fnanchor">[4-77]</a><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> +Armstrong Foster was the official tobacco viewer for Hungers, +a position entailing no little responsibility.<a name="FNanchor_4-78_184" id="FNanchor_4-78_184"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-78_184" class="fnanchor">[4-78]</a> Sampson Robins +received a patent for a tract of land in Northampton in 1655.<a name="FNanchor_4-79_185" id="FNanchor_4-79_185"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-79_185" class="fnanchor">[4-79]</a> +Thomas Clayton is listed among the Northampton tithables +of 1666.<a name="FNanchor_4-80_186" id="FNanchor_4-80_186"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-80_186" class="fnanchor">[4-80]</a></p> + +<p>In the case of John Day some uncertainty arises. Apparently +there were two men of this name in the colony, one +transported by John Slaughter, and the other not only paying +for his own passage, but for that of a servant as well.<a name="FNanchor_4-81_187" id="FNanchor_4-81_187"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-81_187" class="fnanchor">[4-81]</a> A +John Day later secured 400 acres in Gloucester county,<a name="FNanchor_4-82_188" id="FNanchor_4-82_188"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-82_188" class="fnanchor">[4-82]</a> but +whether it was the one who had come as a servant or the one +who had entered the colony as a freeman, apparently there is +no way of ascertaining.</p> + +<p>All in all the story of these men tends to confirm the conclusions +hitherto arrived at. It must be remembered that the +mortality among the servants in the tobacco fields in the early +days of the colony was extremely heavy. It is not improbable +that of our sixty-one servants, twenty or more succumbed before +the completion of their first year. That of the remaining forty-one, +fourteen or fifteen established themselves as solid farmers, +while several became men of influence in the colony, is +a striking proof that at this period many freedmen had the +opportunity to advance. Taking it for granted that the records +of some of the sixty-one have been lost, or that our research +has failed to reveal them, we once more come to the +conclusion that a full thirty or forty per cent of the landowners +of the period from 1635 to 1666 came to the colony +under terms of indenture.</p> + +<p>On the other hand, it is equally positive that the class of +poor planters was recruited in part from free immigrants, +men who paid their own passage across the ocean and at once +established themselves as freeholders. Of this too, the records +furnish ample testimony. Thus in 1636 we find that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> +Richard Young was granted 100 acres in Warwick "due him +for his personal adventure and for the transportation of his +wife Dorothy Young."<a name="FNanchor_4-83_189" id="FNanchor_4-83_189"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-83_189" class="fnanchor">[4-83]</a> A year later Roger Symonds received +100 acres in Charles City "due him for the transportation +of his wife, Alice, and one servant, Richard Key."<a name="FNanchor_4-84_190" id="FNanchor_4-84_190"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-84_190" class="fnanchor">[4-84]</a> +Similarly in May 1636, Thomas Wray was allowed 50 acres +for his "personal adventure." Such cases could be multiplied +indefinitely.<a name="FNanchor_4-85_191" id="FNanchor_4-85_191"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-85_191" class="fnanchor">[4-85]</a></p> + +<p>A careful analysis of the patent rolls from 1623 to July 14, +1637, published in the <i>Virginia Magazine of History and Biography</i> +for April, 1901, shows conclusively that the lists contain +the names of many persons who at no time were under +terms of indenture. Of the 2,675 names appearing in the +records, the editor states that 336 are positively known to have +come over as freemen, many of them being heads of families. +"There are 245 persons whose names do not occur as headrights +and yet of whom it is not positively shown that they +were freemen, though the probability seems to be that by far +the greater number were. And there were 2,094 persons whose +transportation charges were paid by others. This last number +includes some negroes, all those specifically termed 'servants' +and all others.... It would probably be a fair estimate to +say that of the names represented in the patents cited, there +were about 675 free men, women and children who came to +Virginia and about 2000 servants and slaves."<a name="FNanchor_4-86_192" id="FNanchor_4-86_192"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-86_192" class="fnanchor">[4-86]</a> Similarly in +the issue of the magazine for January, 1902, the editor says +that "for some years, about this period, it is probable (from +the best calculations which can be made) that seventy-five per +cent of the emigrants to Virginia were indentured servants."<a name="FNanchor_4-87_193" id="FNanchor_4-87_193"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-87_193" class="fnanchor">[4-87]</a></p> + +<p>There seems to be no reason to doubt the accuracy of these +conclusions. Certainly any study of immigration to Virginia +in the Seventeenth century is woefully incomplete if it fails to +take into consideration the very considerable proportion of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> +free settlers. On the other hand, it is probable that a similar +study of the lists for a later date would show a smaller percentage +of freemen. However this may be, it is evident that +by far the larger part of the newcomers at all periods must +have been indentured servants intended for service in the tobacco +fields. In 1638 Richard Kemp wrote Secretary Windebanke +that "of hundreds which are yearly transported, scarce +any but are brought in as merchandise to make sale of."<a name="FNanchor_4-88_194" id="FNanchor_4-88_194"></a><a href="#Footnote_4-88_194" class="fnanchor">[4-88]</a></p> + +<p>Yet it must not be forgotten that any immigration of poor +freemen, however small, would have a very marked influence +upon the formation of the small farmer class. Of the host +of servants a certain proportion only, a proportion probably +less than fifty per cent, could hope even in the most favorable +times to become freeholders. If they survived the hardships +and dangers of the service with their masters, it still remained +for them to acquire property and win for themselves a place +in the life of the colony. And to accomplish this they must +display determination, intelligence, industry and thrift, qualities +by no means universal among the classes in England from +which the servants were chiefly drawn. But for the free immigrant +there need be no period of probation. He might at +once purchase his farm, erect his home, secure all necessary +tools and put out his crop of tobacco. And whereas the servant +usually found it possible to maintain a family only after +many years of hard work, perhaps not at all, the free settler +often married before leaving England and brought his wife +and children with him.</p> + +<p>In conclusion it may be said that in the first fifty years of +the colony's existence conditions were very favorable for the +graduation of the servant into the class of small freeholders, +that the records amply prove that many succeeded in doing so, +but that at this period a fair proportion of free immigrants +also came to the colony. Before the expiration of the Commonwealth<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span> +period was formed from these two sources, perhaps +in not unequal proportions, a vigorous, intelligent, independent +yeomanry, comprising fully 90 percent of all the landowners.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span></p> +<h2><i>CHAPTER V</i></h2> + +<h4><span class="smcap">The Restoration Period</span></h4> + + +<p>The people of Virginia hailed the Restoration with unaffected +joy. Not only did they anticipate that the termination +of the long period of civil war and unrest in England would +react favorably upon their own prosperity, but they felt that +Sir William Berkeley's well known loyalty and his action in +proclaiming Charles II immediately after the execution of his +father, might assure them the King's especial favor now that +he at last had come into undisputed possession of his throne. +They were doomed to bitter disappointment, however, for the +Restoration brought them only hardship and suffering, discontent +and rebellion.</p> + +<p>No sooner had the royal Government been safely installed +than it set to work to perfect and to enforce the colonial policy +which in principle had been accepted from the first. The ties +which united the colonies with the mother country were +strengthened, those which gave them a common interest with +foreign nations in so far as possible were snapped. The +British empire was to become a unit, closely knit by economic +bonds and presenting to all other nations a hostile front. With +this in view Parliament passed a series of Navigation Acts, +under which the trade of the colonies was regulated for many +years to come.</p> + +<p>It is necessary for us to enquire, therefore, into the effects +of these laws upon the tobacco trade, for tobacco, as we have +seen, was the key to the prosperity of the colony, and favorable +economic conditions alone could make it possible for the +newcomer to establish himself as a member of the Virginia<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> +yeomanry. If the strict enforcement of the Navigation Acts +should bring low prices for tobacco and wipe out the margin +of profit for the man who tilled the soil with his own hands, +not only would the small planter class not expand, but might +actually decline in numbers.</p> + +<p>There were three main features of the colonial legislation +of Parliament during this period, all of them interrelated and +all tending toward the one great object of keeping the English +plantations for the English. It was provided that the chief +colonial products such as tobacco and sugar should be sent +only to England or to English colonies, that the colonies should +with few exceptions import goods only from British territory, +that all products taken to or from any colony should be conveyed +only in English vessels manned by crews composed +mainly of Englishmen.</p> + +<p>In committing itself to this policy the royal Government +felt that the plantations would play a useful and necessary +part in the great system which was planned, and in so doing +would find prosperity. It had been the hope of the English +people that their colonies would produce the articles which +were so badly needed by the mother country to revive her +waning industry and permit a greater measure of economic +independence. Although more than half a century had passed +since the first foothold had been gained upon the American +continent, this expectation was as far from realization as ever. +The colonies, from Massachusetts to Barbados were producing, +not the articles which England especially needed, but +those for which they had the greatest natural aptitude, especially +tobacco and sugar. And these staples they sent, not to +England alone, but to various foreign countries as well.</p> + +<p>In short the vision of a closely knit, self-sustaining empire, +the vision which had been in men's minds for many decades +before the founding of Jamestown, seemed to have proved<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> +delusive. The colonies were developing interests and commercial +connections hostile to those of the mother country, +were nourishing the manufactures and shipping of foreign nations +almost as much as those of England. And this the Government +at London would not tolerate. The colonial trade +with strangers must come to an end. If Virginia and Maryland +produced more tobacco than the English market could +absorb, they could find ready relief by turning their energies +into other channels. Let them furnish the old country with +pig iron or potash or silk or ship-stores and they would find +ready and eager purchasers. So reasoned the English, and as +their views were backed by the mandates of Crown and Parliament, +the colonists were forced to submit. If they could fit +themselves into the system prescribed for them, all would be +well and good; if they found this impossible, they would have +to suffer without hope of redress.</p> + +<p>And suffer Virginia did for a full quarter of a century. The +tobacco of the Chesapeake bay colonies had long since reached +the point where it required a world market. If confined to +England alone, only a fraction of the output could be consumed +and disaster was certain. It was well enough for the +Government to restrict the importation of Spanish leaf and +to prohibit the planting of tobacco in England, these regulations +could do no more than give the colonists undisputed +possession of the home market, and the home market was not +enough. This point seems to have been ignored by those +writers who have contended that the strict enforcement of the +British colonial system in itself entailed no hardship upon the +tobacco colonies.</p> + +<p>"It is obvious that any criticism of England's regulation of +the colonial tobacco trade, which is based on a laissez-faire +social philosophy," says George Lewis Beer, in <i>The Old Colonial +System</i>, "is equally applicable to the arrangement by<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> +means of which the tobacco planter secured exclusive privileges +in the home market."<a name="FNanchor_5-1_195" id="FNanchor_5-1_195"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-1_195" class="fnanchor">[5-1]</a> Yet it is certain that the tobacco growers +of England could never have competed with Maryland and +Virginia had there been free trade. The prohibition of planting +in the old country was necessary only because of the +tariff, varying from 200 per cent in 1660 to 600 per cent in +1705, upon the colonial product. And though the exclusion +of Spanish tobacco was a more real benefit, for the Spaniard +produced varieties unknown in Virginia, there is exaggeration +here also. This is clearly shown by the fact that at the +end of the Seventeenth century England was sending millions +of pounds of her colonial tobacco to Spain itself.<a name="FNanchor_5-2_196" id="FNanchor_5-2_196"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-2_196" class="fnanchor">[5-2]</a> The leaf +was brought from Virginia and Maryland, forced to pay a +duty of about fifty per cent, and re-exported to the Spanish +ports, where it found a ready sale. Had there been free exchange +of commodities, the English colonies would have sold +to Spain more tobacco than the Spanish colonies to England.</p> + +<p>In truth the loss of the foreign market was a terrible disaster. +In framing the Navigation Acts it was not the intention +of the Government to stop entirely the flow of tobacco to the +continent of Europe, but to divert it from the old channels and +make it pass through England. It was therefore provided that +in case the leaf was shipped out again to foreign ports, all the +duties, except one half of the Old Subsidy, should be withdrawn.<a name="FNanchor_5-7_201" id="FNanchor_5-7_201"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-7_201" class="fnanchor">[5-7]</a> +The remaining half penny, however, amounted to +forty or fifty per cent of the original cost of the goods, and +proved at first an almost insuperable barrier to the European +trade. Moreover, the shortage of ships which resulted from +the exclusion of the Dutch merchants, the expense of putting +in at the English ports, the long and troublesome procedure +of reshipping, all tended to discourage the merchants and +hamper re-exportation.</p> + +<p>We may take for granted also that the resentment of Holland<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> +at the Navigation Acts, which struck a telling blow at +her maritime prestige, played an important part in blocking +foreign trade. The Dutch had been the chief European distributors +of the Virginia and Maryland tobacco, and if they +refused to take it, now that it could be secured only in England, +it would pile up uselessly in the London warehouses. +They understood well enough that the half penny a pound +duty was a tribute levied upon them by their most dangerous +rival. It is not surprising that instead of bowing to the new +restrictions, they sought to free their trade entirely from dependence +on British tobacco, by fostering the cultivation of +the plant in their own country.</p> + +<p>The colonists found an able defender in the merchant John +Bland. In a Remonstrance addressed to the King this man +set forth with remarkable clearness the evils which would result +from the Navigation Acts, and pleaded for their repeal. +The Hollander was already beginning to plant tobacco, he +said, and would soon be able to supply all his needs at home. +"Will he, after accustomed to the tobacco of his own growth," +he asked, "ever regard that which is in Virginia? Will he +ever afterwards be induced to fetch it thence, when he finds +his profit higher at home? Will he ever buy that of us, when +by passing so many hands, and so much charge contracted +thereon, is made so dear, that he can have it cheaper in his +own territories? (Surely no.) Therefore it clearly appears, +that being so, of necessity we must lose that Trade and Commerce."</p> + +<p>"If the Hollanders must not trade to Virginia, how shall +the Planters dispose of their Tobacco? The English will not +buy it, for what the Hollander carried thence was a sort of +tobacco not desired by any other people, nor used by us in +England but merely to transport for Holland. Will it not then +perish on the Planters hands?... Can it be believed that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> +from England more ships will be sent than are able to bring +thence what tobacco England will spent? If they do bring +more, must they not lose thereby both stock and Block, principle +and charges? The tobacco will not vend in England, the +Hollanders will not fetch it from England; what must become +thereof?... Is not this a destruction to the commerce? For +if men lose their Estates, certainly trade cannot be encreased."<a name="FNanchor_5-8_202" id="FNanchor_5-8_202"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-8_202" class="fnanchor">[5-8]</a></p> + +<p>The enforcement of the trade laws was indirectly the cause +of still another misfortune to the colonies, for the two wars +with Holland which grew out of it reacted disastrously upon +their trade. In fact, on each occasion the small stream of +tobacco which had trickled over the dam of restrictions into +foreign countries was for a time almost entirely cut off. Not +only did the tobacco exports to Holland itself come to an end, +but the Dutch war vessels played havoc with the trade between +England and other countries and even between England and +her colonies.</p> + +<p>The loss of their foreign exports was calamitous to the +planters. Had the demand for tobacco been more elastic, the +consequences might not have been so fatal, for declining prices +would have stimulated consumption and made it possible for +England to absorb most of the output. But the duty kept up +the price and the result was a ruinous glut in the English +market. Tobacco sufficient for a continent poured into the +kingdom, where since the normal outlet was blocked by the +half penny a pound on re-exported leaf, it piled up uselessly.</p> + +<p>The effect upon prices was immediate. The planters were +forced to take for their crops half of what they had formerly +received and had reason for rejoicing if they could dispose of +it at all. In 1662 Governor Berkeley and other leading citizens +stated that the price of tobacco had fallen so low that it +would not "bear the charge of freight and customs, answer +the adventure, give encouragement to the traders and subsistence<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> +to the inhabitants."<a name="FNanchor_5-9_203" id="FNanchor_5-9_203"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-9_203" class="fnanchor">[5-9]</a> In 1666 Secretary Thomas +Ludwell told Lord Arlington that tobacco was "worth nothing."<a name="FNanchor_5-10_204" id="FNanchor_5-10_204"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-10_204" class="fnanchor">[5-10]</a> +Later in the same year the planters complained that +the price was so low that they were not able to live by it.<a name="FNanchor_5-11_205" id="FNanchor_5-11_205"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-11_205" class="fnanchor">[5-11]</a> +"For the merchants, knowing both our necessities and the unconsumable +quantities of tobacco we had by us," they said, +"gave us not the twentieth part of what they sold it for in +England."<a name="FNanchor_5-12_206" id="FNanchor_5-12_206"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-12_206" class="fnanchor">[5-12]</a> Tobacco had so glutted the markets, it was declared, +and brought the planter so small a return, that he could +"live but poorly upon it." In fact, the merchants in 1666 +had left the greater part of the two preceding crops upon their +hands.<a name="FNanchor_5-13_207" id="FNanchor_5-13_207"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-13_207" class="fnanchor">[5-13]</a></p> + +<p>"Twelve hundred pounds of tobacco is the medium of men's +crops," wrote Secretary Ludwell to Lord John Berkeley in +1667, "and half a penny per pound is certainly the full medium +of the price given for it, which is fifty shillings out of which +when the taxes ... shall be deducted, is very little to a poor +man who hath perhaps a wife and children to cloath and other +necessities to buy. Truly so much too little that I can attribute +it to nothing but the great mercy of God ... that +keeps them from mutiny and confusion."<a name="FNanchor_5-14_208" id="FNanchor_5-14_208"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-14_208" class="fnanchor">[5-14]</a> The following +year he wrote in similar vein. The market was glutted; a +third of the planters' tobacco was left on their hands; the rest +sold for nothing.<a name="FNanchor_5-15_209" id="FNanchor_5-15_209"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-15_209" class="fnanchor">[5-15]</a></p> + +<p>The Governor and Council declared that the merchant "allows +not much above a farthing a pound for that which the +planter brings to his door. And if there shall be any amongst +us who shall be able to ship his tobacco on his own account, +it will be at such a rate as the tobacco will never repay him, +since they are inforced to pay from £12 to £17 per ton freight, +which usually was but at seven pounds."<a name="FNanchor_5-16_210" id="FNanchor_5-16_210"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-16_210" class="fnanchor">[5-16]</a> "A large part of +the people are so desperately poor," wrote Berkeley in 1673, +"that they may reasonably be expected upon any small advantage<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> +of the enemy to revolt to them in hopes of bettering +their condition by sharing the plunder of the colony with +them."<a name="FNanchor_5-17_211" id="FNanchor_5-17_211"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-17_211" class="fnanchor">[5-17]</a> That matters had not changed in 1681 is attested +by the statement of the Council that the impossibility of disposing +of their tobacco without a heavy loss overwhelmed +both Virginia and Maryland, and brought upon them a "vast +poverty and infinite necessity."<a name="FNanchor_5-18_212" id="FNanchor_5-18_212"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-18_212" class="fnanchor">[5-18]</a> "The low price of tobacco +staggers the imagination," Lord Culpeper wrote to Secretary +Coventry, "and the continuance of it will be the speedy and +fatal ruin of this noble Colony."<a name="FNanchor_5-19_213" id="FNanchor_5-19_213"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-19_213" class="fnanchor">[5-19]</a></p> + +<p>These distressing conditions bore with telling weight upon +the small planters. The margin of profit which formerly had +made it possible for the freedman to advance rapidly was now +wiped out entirely and the poor man found it impossible to +keep out of debt. In 1668 Secretary Ludwell declared that +no one could longer hope to better himself by planting tobacco.<a name="FNanchor_5-20_214" id="FNanchor_5-20_214"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-20_214" class="fnanchor">[5-20]</a> +Eight years later Nathaniel Bacon, in justifying his +rebellion declared that the small farmers were deeply in debt +and that it was "not in the power of labor or industry" to +extricate them.<a name="FNanchor_5-21_215" id="FNanchor_5-21_215"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-21_215" class="fnanchor">[5-21]</a> "The poverty of Virginia is such," said a +certain John Good in 1676, "that the major part of the inhabitants +can scarce supply their wants from hand to mouth, +and many there are besides can hardly shift without supply +one year."<a name="FNanchor_5-22_216" id="FNanchor_5-22_216"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-22_216" class="fnanchor">[5-22]</a> In 1673 the Governor and Council reported that +of the planters, "at least one third are single persons (whose +labor will hardly maintain them) or men much in debt," who +might reasonably be expected to revolt to the Dutch upon any +small advantage gained by them.<a name="FNanchor_5-23_217" id="FNanchor_5-23_217"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-23_217" class="fnanchor">[5-23]</a> In 1680 they again reported +that "the indigency of the Inhabitants is such that they +are in noe manner capacitated to support themselves."<a name="FNanchor_5-24_218" id="FNanchor_5-24_218"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-24_218" class="fnanchor">[5-24]</a> +Three years later they wrote that "the people of Virginia are +generally, some few excepted, extremely poor, not being able +to provide against the pressing necessities of their families."<a name="FNanchor_5-25_219" id="FNanchor_5-25_219"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-25_219" class="fnanchor">[5-25]</a></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span></p><p>Despite this repeated and explicit testimony of the misery +and poverty of the colony during this period, which resulted +from the stagnation of the tobacco market after the passage +of the Navigation Acts, the surprising statement is made by +Mr. George Lewis Beer, in <i>The Old Colonial System</i>, that +England's trade restrictions had nothing to do with Bacon's +Rebellion. "It has been at various times contended," he says, +"that the uprising was, in part at least, one against the laws +of trade and navigation. If there had existed in Virginia any +widespread and well defined feeling of antagonism to these +laws, it would unquestionably have found expression in the +county grievances. Most of these reports were drawn up in +a number of articles, and in all there were nearly two hundred +of such separate subdivisions, yet only three of this number +refer in any way to these statutes. There is no valid reason +for assuming that the commercial system played any part +whatsoever, or was in any degree, an issue, in the upheaval of +1676."<a name="FNanchor_5-26_220" id="FNanchor_5-26_220"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-26_220" class="fnanchor">[5-26]</a></p> + +<p>If by this statement it is meant that Bacon and his men did +not rebel in order to force the repeal of the Navigation Acts, +or even that they did not have the acts in mind at the time, +there are many students of Virginia history who will agree +with it. But if Mr. Beer means that these laws, with their +baleful effect upon the prosperity of Virginia, did not produce +the conditions fundamental to the rising, he is certainly wrong. +The evidence is overwhelming.</p> + +<p>Surely no one will deny that misery, poverty and nakedness +are breeders of sedition. Had it not been for the Navigation +Acts there would not have been so many desperate persons in +Virginia ready at any excuse to fly in the face of the Government. +Bacon's men were just the type of miserably poor freemen +that Berkeley several years before had feared would rebel. +He himself, in his proclamation of Feb. 10, 1677, spoke of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> +them as "men of mean and desperate fortunes."<a name="FNanchor_5-27_221" id="FNanchor_5-27_221"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-27_221" class="fnanchor">[5-27]</a> William +Sherwood called the rebels rude and indigent persons, alluding +to them as "tag, rag and bobtayle."<a name="FNanchor_5-28_222" id="FNanchor_5-28_222"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-28_222" class="fnanchor">[5-28]</a> Over and over +again they are described as the multitude, the rabble, the skum.</p> + +<p>Exception must be taken also to the statement that had +there existed in Virginia any well-defined feeling of antagonism +to the Navigation Acts it would have found expression in +the county grievances. It should be remembered that these +reports had been called for by the commissioners sent over +by Charles II to investigate the troubles. The men who drew +them up occupied the position of defeated rebels, and the +grievances were primarily a list of excuses for their treason. +They all stood trembling for their property, if they had any, +and for their miserable lives. The memory of the fate of +Drummond and Bland and Arnold and many others of their +fellow rebels was fresh in their minds. It is not reasonable to +suppose that they would tell the King that they had risen in +arms against his authority in order to secure the overthrow of +laws which his Majesty considered of such vital importance, +laws which concerned intimately the royal revenue. Such a +declaration would not have seconded successfully their plea +for mercy. This is made amply clear by the reception accorded +one of the few complaints which did actually touch the Navigation +Acts. The commissioners report it to the King as +"an extravagant request for liberty to transport their tobacco +to any of his Majesty's plantations without paying the imposts, +payable by act of Parliament, etc. This head is wholly mutinous—to +desire a thing contrary to his Majesty's royal pleasure +and benefit and also against an act of Parliament."<a name="FNanchor_5-29_223" id="FNanchor_5-29_223"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-29_223" class="fnanchor">[5-29]</a></p> + +<p>Despite the obviously ruinous effects of the Navigation Acts +upon Virginia, Mr. Beer makes the assertion that there was no +very serious and general opposition to them in Virginia. +"Apart from the criticisms of Bland and Berkeley," he says,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> +"there was virtually no complaint against the system of trade +enjoined by the Navigation Acts. While the Barbados Assembly +and that colony's governors were vociferous in their +protests, the Virginia legislature remained strangely mute."<a name="FNanchor_5-30_224" id="FNanchor_5-30_224"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-30_224" class="fnanchor">[5-30]</a></p> + +<p>This silence on the part of the Virginia Assembly can by no +means be interpreted as an indication that the people of the +colony felt the Navigation Acts to be equitable and not injurious +to their interests. It meant only that no Assembly +under Sir William Berkeley would dare protest against an act +which had received the royal sanction. That would have +seemed the veriest treason to the fiery old loyalist. And the +Assembly was entirely under Sir William's control. The members +of both Houses were his creatures and his henchmen. +Over and over again it is testified that the Assembly did nothing +more than register his will.<a name="FNanchor_5-31_225" id="FNanchor_5-31_225"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-31_225" class="fnanchor">[5-31]</a> If then it did not protest, +it was because Sir William did not wish it to protest.</p> + +<p>But this does not prove that the planters were not angered +and alarmed at the stringent acts. That they considered them +baleful is amply proved by their continuous complaints of the +economic ruin which had overtaken the colony. The method +they chose of combatting the trade laws, a method apt to be +far more effective than the angry protests of the Barbados +Assembly, was to send the Governor to England to use his +influence at Court to have the acts modified or repealed. And +Berkeley did what he could. While in England he wrote a +paper called <i>A Discourse and View of Virginia</i>, which he +hoped would induce the Government to change its policy in +regard to the colonies. "Wee cannot but resent," he said, +"that 40,000 people should be impoverished to enrich little +more than 40 merchants, who being the whole buyers of our +tobacco, give us what they please for it. And after it is here +sell as they please, and indeed have 40,000 servants in us at +cheaper rates, than other men have slaves, for they find them<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> +meat and drink and clothes. We furnish ourselves and their +seamen with meat and drink, and all our sweat and labor as +they order us, will hardly procure us coarse clothes to keep us +from the extremities of heat and cold."<a name="FNanchor_5-32_226" id="FNanchor_5-32_226"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-32_226" class="fnanchor">[5-32]</a> That Sir William +was but the mouthpiece of the colony in this protest there can +be no doubt.</p> + +<p>But his pleadings were in vain. England would not change +the laws which were the expression of her settled colonial +policy. The planters must adjust themselves to changed conditions +no matter how bitter was the experience. Sir William +was told to go home to report to the Virginians that they +need not kick against the pricks, but that England would be +most pleased could they turn from the all-absorbing culture +of tobacco to the production of the raw materials she so greatly +desired. And Berkeley did return determined to exert every +effort to lead the colonists into new prosperity by inducing +them to devote a part of their energies to basic commodities. +In fact he promised that in seven years he would flood the +British market with new Virginia goods.<a name="FNanchor_5-33_227" id="FNanchor_5-33_227"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-33_227" class="fnanchor">[5-33]</a></p> + +<p>Although he set to work with his accustomed vigor to make +good this boast, he met with but scant success. Lack of efficient +and skilled labor, high wages, and not very favorable +natural conditions, made it impossible for him to compete with +the long-established industries of Europe. After a few years +all attempts to make silk and potash and naval stores were +abandoned, and the planters continued to put their trust in +tobacco.</p> + +<p>That Berkeley was never persuaded that the Navigation +Acts were just or beneficial is shown by his answer to the +query of the Lords of Trade in 1671, when they asked him +what impediments there were to the colony's trade. "Mighty +and destructive," he replied, "by that severe act of Parliament +which excludes us from having any commerce with any nation<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> +in Europe but our own, so that we cannot add to our +plantation any commodity that grows out of it ... for it is +not lawful for us to carry a pipe-staff or a bushel of corn to +any place in Europe out of the King's dominions. If this were +for his Majesty's service or the good of his subjects we should +not repine, whatever our sufferings are for it. But on my soul +it is the contrary of both."<a name="FNanchor_5-35_229" id="FNanchor_5-35_229"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-35_229" class="fnanchor">[5-35]</a></p> + +<p>Nor is this the only direct testimony that the colonists were +filled with bitterness against the Navigation Acts. In 1673, +during the war with Holland, Sir John Knight declared that +"the planters there do generally desire a trade with the Dutch +and all other nations, and speak openly there that they are in +the nature of slaves, so that the hearts of the greatest part of +them are taken away from his Majesty and consequently his +Majesty's best, greatest and richest plantation is in danger, +with the planters' consent, to fall into the enemy's hands, if +not timely prevented."<a name="FNanchor_5-36_230" id="FNanchor_5-36_230"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-36_230" class="fnanchor">[5-36]</a> This is corroborated by the Council +itself, in an official letter to the King. "For in this very conjuncture +had the people had a distasteful Governor," they +wrote, "they would have hazarded the loss of this Country, and +the rather because they doe believe their Condicon would not +be soe bad under the Dutch in Point of Traffique as it is under +the Merchants who now use them hardly, even to extremity."<a name="FNanchor_5-37_231" id="FNanchor_5-37_231"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-37_231" class="fnanchor">[5-37]</a></p> + +<p>It is evident, then, that throughout the entire reign of +Charles II the unhappy effects of the trade restrictions made +of Virginia, which formerly had been the land of opportunity +for the poor man, a place of suffering, poverty and discontent. +The indentured servant who came over after 1660 found conditions +in the colony hardly more favorable for his advancement +than in England. The price of tobacco was now so low +that it was not possible for a man, by his unassisted efforts, to +make a profit by its cultivation. If Thomas Ludewell is correct +in estimating the return from the average crop at fifty<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> +shillings, the lot of the poor man must have been hard indeed. +Hungry he need not be, for food continued to be abundant and +easy to obtain, but of all that the merchants gave him in return +for his tobacco—clothing, farm implements, household +furnishings—he had to content himself with the scantiest supply. +And only too often his pressing needs brought him into +hopeless debt. As for imitating his predecessors of the earlier +period in saving money, purchasing land and servants and +becoming a substantial citizen, the task was well nigh impossible +of accomplishment.</p> + +<p>It would be expected, then, that even the most exhaustive +investigation could reveal but a few indentured servants, coming +over after 1660, who succeeded in establishing themselves +in the Virginia yeomanry. And such, indeed, is the case. +Fortunately we have at hand for the period in question the +means of determining this matter with an exactness impossible +for the first half of the century. Nicholson's rent roll of +1704 supplies a complete list, with the exception of those in +the Northern Neck, of every landowner in Virginia. At the +same time we have in the Land Office at Richmond, the names +of many thousands of persons listed as headrights, constituting +almost all the immigrants who came in during the years from +1666 to the end of the century. Thus by comparing the two +lists and trying to identify on the rent roll the names found +in the patents, it is possible to fix the proportion of servants who +won for themselves at this time places among the landowning +class.</p> + +<p>Selecting the year 1672 as typical of the Restoration period, +we find that an examination of 672 of the names which are +listed as headrights, eleven only can be identified with any degree +of certainty upon the rent roll. Of 1116 names examined +in the years from 1671 to 1674 inclusive, only 26 are positively +those of persons listed as landowners in 1704. After making<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> +due allowance for the fact that uncertainty exists in a number +of other cases, and that some who prospered must have died +in the intervening years, it is safe to say that not more than +five or six per cent of the indentured servants of this period +succeeded in establishing themselves as independent planters.</p> + +<p>These conclusions are borne out by the slowness with which +the population increased during the years following the passage +of the Navigation Acts. In the Commonwealth period +the colony had advanced by leaps and bounds, and the inhabitants, +estimated at 15,000 in 1649,<a name="FNanchor_5-38_232" id="FNanchor_5-38_232"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-38_232" class="fnanchor">[5-38]</a> were placed by Berkeley +thirteen years later at 40,000.<a name="FNanchor_5-39_233" id="FNanchor_5-39_233"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-39_233" class="fnanchor">[5-39]</a> Under the system which existed +during these years, when the colonists enjoyed a comparatively +free trade, the population had tripled. But after 1660, +while the Virginia tobacco was dumped upon the restricted +English market and prices fell lower and lower, no such rapid +growth is noted. In 1671, nine years after his first estimate, +Governor Berkeley still placed the population at 40,000.<a name="FNanchor_5-40_234" id="FNanchor_5-40_234"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-40_234" class="fnanchor">[5-40]</a> And +even if we accept the statement of the Virginia agents sent to +England to secure a charter for the colony that in 1675 the +number of inhabitants was 50,000, it is evident that some +pernicious influence was at work to retard the development of +England's most important American province.<a name="FNanchor_5-41_235" id="FNanchor_5-41_235"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-41_235" class="fnanchor">[5-41]</a> A drop in +the rate of increase from 200 per cent during the thirteen +years prior to 1662, to 25 per cent in the thirteen years following, +is a clear index to the startling change brought about +in the colony by the British trade regulations.</p> + +<p>These figures are the more significant in that there was no +appreciable slackening of the stream of servants. It is probable +that in the period from 1662 to 1675, which marked this +estimated increase of 10,000 persons, fully 20,000 immigrants +had come to the colony.<a name="FNanchor_5-42_236" id="FNanchor_5-42_236"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-42_236" class="fnanchor">[5-42]</a> The patent rolls for 1674 alone +give the names of 1931 headrights, and this year is by no +means exceptional. No wonder Edward Randolph was surprised<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> +at the smallness of the population and wrote to the +Board of Trade that it should be investigated why Virginia +had not grown more, "considering what vast numbers of servants +and others had been transported thither."<a name="FNanchor_5-43_237" id="FNanchor_5-43_237"></a><a href="#Footnote_5-43_237" class="fnanchor">[5-43]</a></p> + +<p>But Randolph failed to realize that it is not the volume of +immigration but the number of people a country will support +which in the end determines the size of the population. It was +not enough to pour into the colony tens of thousands of poor +settlers; opportunity had also to be afforded them for earning +an adequate living. And this opportunity, because of the +enforcement of the Navigation Acts and the consequent ruin +of trade, they did not have in Virginia. Throughout the +Restoration period not more than forty or fifty thousand +people could exist upon the returns from the tobacco crop, +and beyond that the population could hardly rise. If more +poured in, they must of necessity live in misery and rags, or +migrate to other colonies where more favorable conditions +existed.</p> + +<p>We are not at present concerned with what become of this +surplus population, but only with the fact that the Navigation +Acts brought to a dead halt the process of moulding freedmen +and other poor settlers into a prosperous yeomanry. By the +year 1660 this class seems to have reached its highest development, +and had a rent roll of land owners been drawn up at +that date it would doubtless have shown almost as many names +as that of 1704. In fact it is fortunate that in the bitter years +from 1660 to 1685 it did not succumb entirely. With the price +of tobacco so low that no profit was to be derived from it, +with his family in rags, the small planter might well have +sold his land to his more wealthy neighbor and joined the +newly freed servants in moving on to western Carolina or to +the northern colonies.</p> + +<p>In fact it is an indication of the solid character of the Virginia<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span> +yeomanry that it survived to enter the Eighteenth century, +that under Andros and Nicholson as well as under Sir +William Berkeley it was the soundest element in the life of +the colony. Had it not been for the crowning misfortune of +the introduction of great swarms of negro slaves, sooner or +later it would have come once more into its own, would have +carved out for itself a new prosperity, would have filled Virginia +from the Atlantic to the Alleghanies.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span></p> +<h2><i>CHAPTER VI</i></h2> + +<h4><span class="smcap">The Yeoman in Virginia History</span></h4> + + +<p>Perhaps it would have been impossible for the Virginia yeoman +to survive the dark days of the Restoration period had it +not been for the fact that in the matter of his food supply he +was independent of England and her vexatious trade restrictions. +He might be in rags, but there was no reason why he +should ever feel the pangs of hunger. Seldom in any climate, +in any age has food existed in such extraordinary variety and +in such lavish abundance.</p> + +<p>Almost every planter, even the poorest, was possessed of +cattle. The <i>Perfect Discription</i> states that in 1649 there were +in the colony "of Kine, Oxen, Bulls, Calves, twenty thousand, +large and good."<a name="FNanchor_6-1_238" id="FNanchor_6-1_238"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-1_238" class="fnanchor">[6-1]</a> Fifteen years later the number had increased +to 100,000.<a name="FNanchor_6-2_239" id="FNanchor_6-2_239"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-2_239" class="fnanchor">[6-2]</a> Many a little farmer, too poor to afford +the help of a servant or a slave, had cattle more than sufficient +for his every need. John Splitimber, a planter of meagre +means, died in 1677 owning eight cows and one bull.<a name="FNanchor_6-3_240" id="FNanchor_6-3_240"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-3_240" class="fnanchor">[6-3]</a> John +Gray, whose entire personal estate was valued only at 9,340 +pounds of tobacco, possessed at his death six cows, six calves, +two steers and one heifer.<a name="FNanchor_6-4_241" id="FNanchor_6-4_241"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-4_241" class="fnanchor">[6-4]</a> The inventory of the goods of +Richard Avery, another poor planter, shows three steers, one +heifer, three small cattle and one calf.<a name="FNanchor_6-5_242" id="FNanchor_6-5_242"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-5_242" class="fnanchor">[6-5]</a> The yeoman not only +secured from these animals a goodly supply of beef, but milk +in abundance from which he made butter and cheese. The +steers he used as beasts of burden.</p> + +<p>The meat which most frequently appeared upon the table of +the poor man was that of swine. The planter marked his +hogs and turned them loose in the woods to feed upon roots<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> +and acorns. On the other hand, sheep did not multiply in the +colony, for the woods were not suited for their maintenance, +and those areas which had been cleared of trees could more +profitably be utilized for agriculture than for pasture lands. +Mutton was a rare delicacy even with the well-to-do.<a name="FNanchor_6-6_243" id="FNanchor_6-6_243"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-6_243" class="fnanchor">[6-6]</a></p> + +<p>Poultry were exceedingly numerous. At the time of the +Company it was stated that the planter who failed to breed +one hundred a year was considered a poor manager. The <i>Perfect +Discription</i> says that the poultry—"Hens, Turkies, Ducks, +Geece"—were without number.<a name="FNanchor_6-7_244" id="FNanchor_6-7_244"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-7_244" class="fnanchor">[6-7]</a> Moreover, the wild fowls +of the inland waterways were so numerous that even the least +skilful of huntsmen could readily bring down enough for the +needs of his family, and the mallard, the goose, the canvasback +appeared regularly in season upon every table.<a name="FNanchor_6-8_245" id="FNanchor_6-8_245"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-8_245" class="fnanchor">[6-8]</a></p> + +<p>The planter always devoted a part of his land to the production +of the grain which was needed for his personal requirements. +"They yearly plow and sow many hundred acres of +Wheat," it was said, "as good and faire as any in the world."<a name="FNanchor_6-9_246" id="FNanchor_6-9_246"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-9_246" class="fnanchor">[6-9]</a> +At the same time maize grew so readily and its cultivation +proved so cheap, that cornbread formed a part of the diet not +only of the planters themselves, but of their servants and +slaves.</p> + +<p>From his garden, an inevitable accompaniment of every +plantation, the farmer secured a large variety of vegetables—potatoes, +asparagus, carrots, turnips, onions, parsnips, besides +such fruits as strawberries, gooseberries, raspberries; from his +orchard he had apples, pears, quinces, apricots, peaches.<a name="FNanchor_6-10_247" id="FNanchor_6-10_247"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-10_247" class="fnanchor">[6-10]</a> +Honey was abundant, and there were few householders who +did not have hives under the eaves of their outbuildings. One +planter, a Mr. George Pelton, is said to have made a profit +of £30 from his bees.<a name="FNanchor_6-11_248" id="FNanchor_6-11_248"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-11_248" class="fnanchor">[6-11]</a> There were also many wild swarms +in the woods, which yielded a delicious return to the colonial +bee-hunters.<a name="FNanchor_6-12_249" id="FNanchor_6-12_249"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-12_249" class="fnanchor">[6-12]</a></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span></p><p>It is easy to understand, then, why there were no complaints +of hunger even in the days when poverty was almost universal. +The Virginia yeoman spread always an abundant +table. "He that is lazy and will not work," said the author of +<i>New Albion</i>, "needs not fear starving, but may live as an +Indian, sometimes Oysters, Cockles, Wilkes, Clams, Scollons +two moneths together; sometimes wilde Pease and Vetches, +and Long Oates, sometimes Tuckaho, Cuttenoman ground, +Nuts, Marhonions, sometimes small nuts, Filbirds, Wallnuts, +Pokeberries, ten sorts of Berries, Egs of Foul, small Fish in +Coves at low water will teach him to live idly." "It must needs +follow then that diet cannot be scarce, since both rivers and +woods afford it, and that such plenty of Cattle and Hogs are +every where, which yield beef, veal, milk, butter, cheese and +other made dishes, porke, bacon and pigs, and that as sweet +and savoury meat as the world affords, these with the help of +Orchards and Gardens, Oysters, Fish, Fowle and Venison, +certainly cannot but be sufficient for a good diet and wholsom +accommodation, considering how plentifully they are, and how +easie with industry to be had."<a name="FNanchor_6-13_250" id="FNanchor_6-13_250"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-13_250" class="fnanchor">[6-13]</a></p> + +<p>But the little planter, with the advent of the Navigation +Acts, often suffered keenly from a lack of adequate clothing. +Again and again the letters of the period state that the poor +man was reduced to rags, that he could not protect his family +from the winter's cold. There was some manufacture of +cloth in the home, but the planter usually trusted to the foreign +trader to bring him every article of clothing. He had neither +the implements nor the skill to supply his own needs. During +the Restoration period, and again at the time of the war of +the Spanish Succession, when the price of tobacco fell so very +low, many families succeeded in producing enough homespun +to supply their most pressing needs.<a name="FNanchor_6-14_251" id="FNanchor_6-14_251"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-14_251" class="fnanchor">[6-14]</a> But with the return of +better conditions they laid aside the loom and the wheel, and +resumed their purchase of English cloth.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span></p><p>In normal times the poor planter was comfortably clad. +Edward Williams, in <i>Virginia Richly Valued</i>, advised every +new immigrant to bring a monmouth cap, a waistcoat, a suit +of canvas, with bands, shirts, stockings and shoes.<a name="FNanchor_6-15_252" id="FNanchor_6-15_252"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-15_252" class="fnanchor">[6-15]</a> The +author of <i>New Albion</i> thought that each adventurer should +provide himself with canvas or linen clothes, with shoes and +a hat.<a name="FNanchor_6-16_253" id="FNanchor_6-16_253"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-16_253" class="fnanchor">[6-16]</a></p> + +<p>The houses of the small planters were small but comfortable. +"Pleasant in their building," says John Hammond, "which although +for most part they are but one story besides the loft, +and built of wood, yet contrived so delightfully that your +ordinary houses in England are not so handsome, for usually +the rooms are large, daubed and whitelimed, glazed and flowered, +and if not glazed windows, shutters which are made very +pritty and convenient."<a name="FNanchor_6-17_254" id="FNanchor_6-17_254"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-17_254" class="fnanchor">[6-17]</a> <i>The New Description of Virginia</i>, +published in 1649, says: "They have Lime in abundance for +their houses, store of bricks made, and House and Chimnies +built of Brick, and some of Wood high and fair, covered with +Shingell for Tyle."<a name="FNanchor_6-18_255" id="FNanchor_6-18_255"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-18_255" class="fnanchor">[6-18]</a></p> + +<p>In the days of the Company most of the houses seem to +have been made of logs, and Butler, in his <i>Virginia Unmasked</i>, +declared that they were the "worst in the world," and that +the most wretched cottages in England were superior to them.<a name="FNanchor_6-19_256" id="FNanchor_6-19_256"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-19_256" class="fnanchor">[6-19]</a> +But the period of which Butler wrote was exceptional, and +before long the growing prosperity of the colony made possible +a great improvement in the dwellings of the people. The +rough log cabin gave way to the little framed cottage with +chimneys at each end.</p> + +<p>A residence erected in one of the parishes of the Eastern +Shore in 1635 to serve as a parsonage may be accepted as +typical of the better class of houses in Virginia at this time. +It was made of wood, was forty feet wide, eighteen deep and +had a chimney at each end. On either side was an additional<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span> +apartment, one used as a study, the other as a buttery.<a name="FNanchor_6-20_257" id="FNanchor_6-20_257"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-20_257" class="fnanchor">[6-20]</a> For +the poor man this was far too pretentious, and he had to content +himself with a home perhaps thirty by twenty feet, containing +at times two or three apartments, at times only one.</p> + +<p>But such as it was it gave him ample protection against the +heat of summer and the cold of winter. Fuel he never lacked. +When the frosts of December and January came upon him, he +had only to repair to the nearest forest, axe in hand, to supply +himself with wood in abundance. In this way, not only would +he keep a roaring blaze in his open fireplace, but would +widen the space available for the next summer's tobacco crop.</p> + +<p>The surroundings of the planter's residence were severely +plain. In the yard, which usually was uninclosed, towered a +cluster of trees, a survival of the primeval forest. Nearby +was the garden, with its flowers and vegetables, the dove-cote, +the barn, the hen house, perhaps a milk house or even a detached +kitchen. In some cases wells were sunk, but the use of +natural springs was more common.<a name="FNanchor_6-21_258" id="FNanchor_6-21_258"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-21_258" class="fnanchor">[6-21]</a></p> + +<p>Of the plantation itself, only a fraction was under cultivation +at one time. Tobacco was exceedingly exhausting to the +soil, but the cheapness of land led the planters to neglect the +most ordinary precautions to preserve its fertility. They +sowed year after year upon the same spot, until the diminishing +yield warned them of approaching sterility, and then would +desert it to clear a new field. This system made it necessary +for them to provide for the future by securing farms far +larger in extent than was dictated by their immediate requirements. +They had to look forward to the day when their land +would become useless, and if they were provident, would purchase +ten times more than they could cultivate at any one time. +Thomas Whitlock, in his will dated 1659, says: "I give to +my son Thomas Whitlock the land I live on, 600 acres, when +he is of the age 21, and during his minority to my wife. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> +land not to be further made use of or by planting or seating +than the first deep branch that is commonly rid over, that my +son may have some fresh land when he attains to age."<a name="FNanchor_6-22_259" id="FNanchor_6-22_259"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-22_259" class="fnanchor">[6-22]</a></p> + +<p>One may gain an idea of the condition of the very poorest +class of freemen by an examination of the inventory of the +estate of Walter Dorch, drawn up in 1684. This man possessed +two pairs of woollen cards, and one spinning wheel, +valued at 100 pounds of tobacco, one chest at eighty pounds, +four old trays at twenty pounds, two runletts at forty pounds, +one pail and one skillet at sixty pounds, one bowl at two +pounds, one feather bed, two pillows and three old blankets +at 120 pounds of tobacco, three glass bottles at twenty pounds, +one couch frame at forty pounds, one pair of pot-hooks at +forty, 800 tenpenny nails at forty-five, and one old table and +one sifter at twenty pounds. In all the estate was valued at +587 pounds of tobacco.<a name="FNanchor_6-23_260" id="FNanchor_6-23_260"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-23_260" class="fnanchor">[6-23]</a></p> + +<p>John Gray, who died in 1685, left personal property worth +9,340 pounds of tobacco, consisting in part of six cows and +six calves, four yearlings, two steers, one heifer, one barrel of +corn, one bull, ten hogs and one horse. He had no servants +and no slaves.<a name="FNanchor_6-24_261" id="FNanchor_6-24_261"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-24_261" class="fnanchor">[6-24]</a> In better circumstances was Richard Avery, +who seems to have been a tanner by profession. The inventory +of his estate, recorded in 1686, includes one horse with +bridle and saddle, a cart and a yoke of steers, eight head of +cattle, 25 hogs, 118 hides, various kinds of tools, lumber to the +value of 400 pounds of tobacco, four pieces of earthenware, +four beds with mattresses and covers, poultry to the value of +180 pounds of tobacco, some wheat in the ground and a batch +of wearing linen. The entire personal estate was valued at +14,050 pounds of tobacco. It included no servants or slaves.<a name="FNanchor_6-25_262" id="FNanchor_6-25_262"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-25_262" class="fnanchor">[6-25]</a></p> + +<p>John Splitimber, who is entered as a headright to Thomas +Harwood in 1635, is typical of the planter who rose from small +beginnings to a state of comparative prosperity. This man, at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span> +his death in 1677, possessed eight cows, one bull, four yearlings, +four mares, 35 hogs, two horses, two bolsters, a pillow, +two blankets, a mattress, two bedsteads, two guns, fifty-six +pounds of pewter, two rugs, a table, three chests, one old couch, +two iron pots, two kettles, two stilyards, shovel and tongs, two +smothering irons, two axes, a few carpenter's tools, a saddle +and bridle, four casks, clothing to the value of 1,100 pounds +of tobacco, a frying pan, a butter pat, a jar, a looking glass, +two milk pans, one table cloth, nine spoons, a churn, a bible. +The appraisers placed the total value at 18,277 pounds of tobacco.<a name="FNanchor_6-26_263" id="FNanchor_6-26_263"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-26_263" class="fnanchor">[6-26]</a> +The inventory records no servants or slaves, but it +is probable that Splitimber at times made use of indentured +labor, as in November 1648 and again in 1652, we find him +taking up land due for the transportation of certain persons +to the colony.<a name="FNanchor_6-27_264" id="FNanchor_6-27_264"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-27_264" class="fnanchor">[6-27]</a></p> + +<p>Of similar estate was Christopher Pearson, of York county. +His personal property included bedding valued at £7, linen at +18 shillings, pewter at £1.18.0, brass at six shillings, wooden +ware at £4.13.6 comprising three chairs and one table, a couch, +four old chests, a cask, two ten gallon rundletts, a cheese press, +a box of drawers, an old table, three pails, a spinning wheel +with cards, two sifting trays, a corn barrel, three bedsteads, +four sives, a funnel; iron ware valued at £2.12.0, including +three pots, two pot-rocks, a pestal, a frying pan, a looking +glass; three cows appraised at £6.5.0, a yearling at ten shillings, +a colt at two pounds sterling. The entire estate was +valued at £25.19.6.<a name="FNanchor_6-28_265" id="FNanchor_6-28_265"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-28_265" class="fnanchor">[6-28]</a></p> + +<p>It must not be imagined, however, that Virginia, even in the +early years of its settlement, contained no men of wealth or +rank. Industry and intelligence bore their inevitable fruit in +the little colony, with the result that here and there certain +planters acquired an enviable pre-eminence among their fellows. +The <i>New Description</i> mentions several such cases.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span> +Captain Matthews "hath a fine house," it says, "and all things +answerable to it; he sowes yeerly store of Hempe and Flax, +and causes it to be spun; he keeps Weavers, and hath a Tanhouse, +causes Leather to be dressed, hath eight Shoemakers +employed in their trade, hath forty Negro servants, brings +them up to Trades in his house. He yeerly sowes abundance +of Wheat, Barley, &c. The Wheat he selleth at four shillings +the bushell; kills store of Beeves, and sells them to victuall +the Ships when they come thither; hath abundance of Kine, a +brave Dairy, Swine great store, and Poltery; he married a +Daughter of Sir Thomas Hinton, and in a word, keeps a good +house, lives bravely, and a true lover of Virginia; he is worthy +of much honor."<a name="FNanchor_6-29_266" id="FNanchor_6-29_266"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-29_266" class="fnanchor">[6-29]</a></p> + +<p>This description is interesting because it shows not only +the extent of the holdings of certain planters at this early +date, but that their prosperity had the same foundation as that +of the more numerous class of wealthy men of the Eighteenth +century. In both cases slavery and plantation manufacture +would seem to have been the open sesame to success. It is +notable that of the very limited number of men in Virginia +prior to 1700 who stand out above their fellows in the readiness +with which they acquired property, almost all gathered +around them a goodly number of negroes.</p> + +<p>Among the prominent planters of the first half of the Seventeenth +century was George Menefie, famous for his orchard +which abounded in apple, pear and cherry trees, and for his +garden which yielded all kinds of fruits, vegetables, and flowers; +Richard Bennett, a man of large property who had in one +year "out of his Orchard as many Apples as he made 20 Butts +of Excellent Cider"; Richard Kinsman, who for three or four +years in succession secured "forty or fifty Butts of Perry +made out of his Orchard, pure and good."<a name="FNanchor_6-30_267" id="FNanchor_6-30_267"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-30_267" class="fnanchor">[6-30]</a></p> + +<p>In the second half of the century the class of the well-to-do,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> +although somewhat more numerous, was still restricted to a +small group of prominent families, many of them connected +by marriage. Among the best known men are Nathaniel +Bacon, Sr., Thomas Ballard, Robert Severely, Giles Brent, +Joseph Bridger, William Byrd I, John Carter, John Custis I, +Dudley Digges, William Fitzhugh, Lewis Burwell, Philip Ludwell +I, William Moseley, Daniel Parke, Ralph Wormeley, +Benjamin Harrison, Edward Hill, Edmund Jennings and +Matthew Page. But so few were their numbers that the Governors +more than once complained that they could not find +men for the Council of State qualified for that post by their +wealth and influence.</p> + +<p>The depository of power for the Virginia yeomanry was +the House of Burgesses. This important body was elected by +the votes of the freeholders, and faithfully represented their +interests. Here they would bring their grievances, here express +their wishes, here defend themselves against injustice, +here demand the enactment of legislation favorable to their +class. The hope of the people lay always in the Burgesses, +Bacon the rebel tells us, "as their Trusts, and Sanctuary to +fly to."<a name="FNanchor_6-31_268" id="FNanchor_6-31_268"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-31_268" class="fnanchor">[6-31]</a> And though the commons usually elected to this +body the leading men of each county, men of education and +wealth if such were to be found, they held them to a strict +accountability for their every action.<a name="FNanchor_6-32_269" id="FNanchor_6-32_269"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-32_269" class="fnanchor">[6-32]</a> Many of the best +known members of the Council of State served their apprenticeship +in the Burgesses. But whatever the social status of +the Burgess, he felt always that he was the representative of +the poor planter, the defender of his interests, and seldom indeed +did he betray his trust.<a name="FNanchor_6-33_270" id="FNanchor_6-33_270"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-33_270" class="fnanchor">[6-33]</a> This no doubt was with him +in part a matter of honor, but it also was the result of a consciousness +that unless he obeyed the behests of his constituency +he would be defeated if he came up for re-election.</p> + +<p>The House of Burgesses, even in the days when the colony<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> +was but an infant settlement stretching along the banks of +the James, did not hesitate to oppose the wishes of the King +himself. In 1627 Charles I sent instructions for an election +of Burgesses that he might gain the assent of the planters +through their representatives to an offer which he made to +buy their tobacco.<a name="FNanchor_6-34_271" id="FNanchor_6-34_271"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-34_271" class="fnanchor">[6-34]</a> Although the Assembly must have realized +that its very existence might depend upon its compliance +with the King's wishes, it refused to accept his proposal.<a name="FNanchor_6-35_272" id="FNanchor_6-35_272"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-35_272" class="fnanchor">[6-35]</a> In +1634 Charles again made an offer for the tobacco, but again +he encountered stubborn opposition. The Secretary of the +colony forwarded a report in which he frankly told the British +Government that in his opinion the matter would never go +through if it depended upon the yielding of the Assembly.<a name="FNanchor_6-36_273" id="FNanchor_6-36_273"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-36_273" class="fnanchor">[6-36]</a></p> + +<p>In 1635 the people again showed their independent spirit by +ejecting Sir John Harvey from the Government and sending +him back to England. It is true that the Council members took +the lead in this bold step, but they would hardly have gone +to such lengths had they not been supported by the mass of +small planters.<a name="FNanchor_6-37_274" id="FNanchor_6-37_274"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-37_274" class="fnanchor">[6-37]</a> In fact, one of the chief grievances against +the Governor was his refusal to send to the King a petition of +the Burgesses, which he considered offensive because they had +made it "a popular business, by subscribing a multitude of +hands thereto." And some days before the actual expulsion +Dr. John Pott, Harvey's chief enemy, was going from plantation +to plantation, inciting the people to resistance and securing +their signatures to a paper demanding a redress of +grievances.<a name="FNanchor_6-38_275" id="FNanchor_6-38_275"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-38_275" class="fnanchor">[6-38]</a></p> + +<p>The attitude of the small planters during the English civil +war and Commonwealth period is equally instructive. Certain +writers have maintained that the people of Virginia were +a unit for the King, that upon the execution of Charles I his +son was proclaimed with the unanimous consent of the planters, +that the colony became a refuge for English cavaliers,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> +that it surrendered to Parliament only when conquered by an +armed expedition and that it restored Charles II as King of +Virginia even before he had regained his power in England.</p> + +<p>All of this is either misleading or entirely false. It is true +that the Assembly proclaimed Charles II King in 1649 and +passed laws making it high treason for any person to uphold +the legality of the dethronement and execution of his father.<a name="FNanchor_6-39_276" id="FNanchor_6-39_276"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-39_276" class="fnanchor">[6-39]</a> +But this was largely the work of Sir William Berkeley and +the small group of well-to-do men who were dependent upon +him for their welfare. The very fact that it was felt necessary +to threaten with dire punishment all who spread abroad +reports "tending to a change of government," shows that there +existed a fear that such a change might be effected.<a name="FNanchor_6-40_277" id="FNanchor_6-40_277"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-40_277" class="fnanchor">[6-40]</a> How +many of the small planters were at heart friendly to Parliament +it is impossible to say, but the number was large enough +to cause Sir William Berkeley such serious misgivings as to +his own personal safety that he obtained from the Assembly +a guard of ten men to protect him from assassination.<a name="FNanchor_6-41_278" id="FNanchor_6-41_278"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-41_278" class="fnanchor">[6-41]</a></p> + +<p>Nor can it be said that Virginia was forced into an unwilling +submission to Parliament. It is true that an expedition +was sent to conquer the colony, which entered the capes, sailed +up to the forts at Jamestown and there received the formal +surrender of the colony.<a name="FNanchor_6-42_279" id="FNanchor_6-42_279"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-42_279" class="fnanchor">[6-42]</a> But this surrender was forced +upon the Governor as much by the wishes of the people as by +the guns of the British fleet. In fact, the expedition had been +sent at the request of certain representatives of the Parliamentary +faction in Virginia, who made it clear to the Commonwealth +leaders that the colony was by no means unanimous +for the King, and that it was held to its allegiance only by the +authority and firm will of the Governor.<a name="FNanchor_6-43_280" id="FNanchor_6-43_280"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-43_280" class="fnanchor">[6-43]</a> That the British +Council of State expected to receive active assistance from +their friends in Virginia is evident, for they gave directions +for raising troops there and for appointing officers.<a name="FNanchor_6-44_281" id="FNanchor_6-44_281"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-44_281" class="fnanchor">[6-44]</a> And<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span> +there can be no doubt that the imposing military force which +had been gathered to defend Jamestown was not called into +action chiefly because Berkeley became convinced that it could +not be relied upon to fight against the Commonwealth soldiers.</p> + +<p>The new regime which was introduced with the articles of +surrender made of Virginia virtually a little republic. In +England the long cherished hope of the patriots for self-government +was disappointed by the usurpation of Oliver Cromwell. +But the commons of Virginia reaped the reward which +was denied their brothers of the old country. For a period of +eight years all power resided in the House of Burgesses. This +body, so truly representative of the small planter class, elected +the Governor and specified his duties. If his administration +proved unsatisfactory they could remove him from office. The +Burgesses also chose the members of the Council. Even the +appointing of officials was largely theirs, although this function +they usually felt it wise to delegate to the Governor.<a name="FNanchor_6-45_282" id="FNanchor_6-45_282"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-45_282" class="fnanchor">[6-45]</a> +In fact, Virginia was governed during this period, the happiest +and most prosperous of its early history, by the small +proprietor class which constituted the bulk of the population.</p> + +<p>Nor is it true that the people voluntarily surrendered this +power by acknowledging the authority of Charles II before +the actual restoration in England. After the death of +Cromwell, when the affairs of the mother country were in +chaos and no man knew which faction would secure possession +of the government, the Virginia Assembly asked Sir William +Berkeley to act again as their chief executive. But it was +specifically stipulated that he was to hold his authority, not +from Charles, but from themselves alone.<a name="FNanchor_6-46_283" id="FNanchor_6-46_283"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-46_283" class="fnanchor">[6-46]</a> In this step +the people were doubtless actuated by an apprehension that +the monarchy might be restored, in which case it would be +much to their advantage to have as the chief executive of +the colony the former royal Governor; but they expressly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span> +stated that they held themselves in readiness to acknowledge +the authority of any Government, whatever it might be, which +succeeded in establishing itself in England. So far was Sir +William from considering himself a royal Governor, that +when the King actually regained his throne, he wrote with no +little apprehension, begging forgiveness for having accepted a +commission from any other source than himself.<a name="FNanchor_6-47_284" id="FNanchor_6-47_284"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-47_284" class="fnanchor">[6-47]</a></p> + +<p>It was the small farmer class which suffered most from the +despotic methods of Berkeley during the Restoration period—the +corrupting of the House of Burgesses, the heavy taxes, +the usurpation of power in local government, the distribution +of lucrative offices—and it was this class which rose in insurrection +in 1676. It is notable that in the course of Bacon's +Rebellion the great mass of the people turned against the Governor, +either approving passively of his expulsion, or actually +aiding his enemies. When Sir William appealed for volunteers +in Gloucester county while Bacon was upon the Pamunkey +expedition, he could hardly muster a man.<a name="FNanchor_6-48_285" id="FNanchor_6-48_285"></a><a href="#Footnote_6-48_285" class="fnanchor">[6-48]</a> And the +forces which eventually he gathered around him seem to have +included only a handful of leading citizens, such men as Philip +Ludwell, Nathaniel Bacon, Sr., Giles Brent and Robert Beverley, +together with a mass of indentured servants and others +who had been forced into service. It is this which explains +the apparent cowardice of the loyal forces, who almost invariably +took to their heels at the first approach of the rebels, +for men will not risk their lives for a cause in which their +hearts are not enlisted.</p> + +<p>And though the small farmers lost their desperate fight, +though their leaders died upon the scaffold, though the oppressive +Navigation Acts remained in force, though taxes +were heavier than ever, though the governors continued to encroach +upon their liberties, they were by no means crushed +and they continued in their legislative halls the conflict that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span> +had gone against them upon the field of battle. But the +political struggle too was severe. It was in the decade from +1678 to 1688 that the Stuart monarchs made their second attempt +to crush Anglo-Saxon liberty, an attempt fully as dangerous +for the colonies as for England. The dissolving of the +three Whig Parliaments, and the acceptance of a pension from +Louis XIV were followed not only by the execution of liberal +leaders and the withdrawal of town charters in the mother +country, but by a deliberate attempt to suppress popular government +in America. It was not a mere coincidence that the +attack upon the Massachusetts charter, the misrule of Nicholson +in New York, the oppressions of the proprietor in Maryland +and the tyranny of Culpeper and Effingham in Virginia +occurred simultaneously. They were all part and parcel of the +policy of Charles II and James II.</p> + +<p>These attempts met with failure in Virginia because of the +stubborn resistance they encountered from the small farmer +class and their representatives in the House of Burgesses. The +annulling of statutes by proclamation they denounced as illegal; +they protested bitterly against the appointment of their +clerk by the Governor; they fought long to retain their ancient +judicial privileges; they defeated all attempts of the King +and his representatives in Virginia to deprive them of the +right to initiate legislation and to control taxation. And with +the Glorious Revolution of 1688-89, which put an end forever +to Stuart aggressions, they could feel that their efforts alone +had preserved liberty in Virginia, that they might now look +forward to long years of happiness and prosperity. The Virginia +yeoman reckoned not with slavery, however, and slavery +was to prove, in part at least, his undoing.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span></p> +<h2><i>CHAPTER VII</i></h2> + +<h4><span class="smcap">World Trade</span></h4> + + +<p>In 1682 the depression which for nearly a quarter of a +century had gripped the tobacco trade, somewhat abruptly +came to an end. "Our only commodity, tobacco, having the +last winter a pretty quick market, hath encouraged ye planters," +wrote Secretary Spencer to the Board of Trade in May, +1683.<a name="FNanchor_7-1_286" id="FNanchor_7-1_286"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-1_286" class="fnanchor">[7-1]</a> Apparently the tide had turned. From this time until +the beginning of the War of the Spanish Succession more +than two decades later we hear little complaint from Virginia, +while there are excellent reasons to suppose that the colony +was experiencing a period of growth and prosperity.</p> + +<p>In truth the tobacco trade, upon which the planters staked +their all, now expanded with startling rapidity, and each year +the merchants were forced to add more bottoms to the fleet +which sailed for England from the Chesapeake. During the +early years of the Restoration period tobacco exports from +Virginia and Maryland had made but little advance. In 1663 +they amounted to 7,367,140 pounds, six years later they were +9,026,046 pounds.<a name="FNanchor_7-2_287" id="FNanchor_7-2_287"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-2_287" class="fnanchor">[7-2]</a> In 1698, however, the output of Virginia +and Maryland was estimated by the merchant John Linton to +be from 70,000 to 80,000 hogsheads.<a name="FNanchor_7-4_289" id="FNanchor_7-4_289"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-4_289" class="fnanchor">[7-4]</a> Since the hogshead +usually contained from 500 to 600 pounds, these figures mean +that the planters were then raising from 35,000,000 to 48,000,000 +pounds of tobacco. And this conclusion is supported by +the fact that the crop of 1699 is valued at £198,115, which at +a penny a pound would indicate about 47,000,000 pounds.<a name="FNanchor_7-5_290" id="FNanchor_7-5_290"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-5_290" class="fnanchor">[7-5]</a> In +fact, the production of tobacco in the ten years from 1689<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> +to 1699 seems to have tripled, in the years from 1669 to 1699 +to have quadrupled. In 1669 the planters considered themselves +fortunate if their industry yielded them a return of +£30,000; at the end of the century they could count with a +fair degree of certainty upon six times that amount.</p> + +<p>For Virginia this startling development was all-important. +During the darkest days of the Restoration period her share +of the total returns from the tobacco crop could hardly have +exceeded £10,000; in 1699 it was estimated at £100,000. +Even if we accept the conservative statement that the average +number of hogsheads exported from Virginia in the last +decade of the century varied from 35,000 to 40,000,<a name="FNanchor_7-6_291" id="FNanchor_7-6_291"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-6_291" class="fnanchor">[7-6]</a> the +planters still would have received £75,000 or £80,000. From +dire poverty and distress the colony, almost in the twinkling +of an eye, found itself in comparative ease and plenty.</p> + +<p>Nor is the reason difficult to discover. It had never been +the intention of the British Government to destroy the foreign +trade of the colonies, the Navigation Acts having been designed +only to force that trade through English channels. The +planters were still at liberty to send their tobacco where they +would, provided it went by way of England and paid the duty +of a half penny a pound. That these restrictions so nearly put +an end to shipments to the continent of Europe was an unfortunate +consequence which to some extent had been foreseen, +but which for the time being it was impossible to avoid.</p> + +<p>It was undoubtedly the hope of the Government that the +foreign market would eventually be regained and that the +colonial tobacco would flow from the colonies into England +and from England to all the countries of Europe. Prior +to 1660 Holland had been the distributing centre for the tobacco +of Virginia and Maryland; now England insisted upon +taking this rôle upon herself. But the authorities at London +were hardly less concerned than the planters themselves at the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> +difficulties encountered in effecting this change and the unfortunate +glut in the home markets which followed.</p> + +<p>None the less they persisted in the policy they had adopted, +even clinging stubbornly to the half penny a pound re-export +duty, and trusting that in time they could succeed in conquering +for their tobacco the lost continental markets. In this +they were bitterly opposed by the Dutch with whom it became +necessary to fight two wars within the short space of seven +years. Yet steadily, although at first slowly, they made +headway. In 1681 the commissioners of the customs refused +the request for a cessation of tobacco planting in the +colonies, on the ground that to lessen the crop would but +stimulate production in foreign countries and so restrict the +sale abroad of the Virginia and Maryland leaf.<a name="FNanchor_7-7_292" id="FNanchor_7-7_292"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-7_292" class="fnanchor">[7-7]</a> This argument +has been denounced by some as both specious and selfish, +yet it was fully justified by the situation then existing. After +all, the only hope for the planters lay in conquering the European +market and the way to do this was to flood England with +tobacco until it overflowed all artificial barriers and poured +across the Channel. And eventually this is just what happened. +Since tobacco was piling up uselessly in the warehouses +and much of it could not be disposed of at any price, it was inevitable +that it should be dumped upon the other nations of +Europe. There is in this development a close parallel with the +commercial policy of Germany in the years prior to the world +war, when no effort was spared to produce a margin of all +kinds of wares over the home needs, which was to be exported +at excessively low prices. This margin was a weapon +of conquest, a means of ousting the merchants of other nations +from this market or that. And when once this conquest +had been effected, the price could be raised again in order to +assure a profit to the German manufacturers.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span></p><p>It is improbable that the English economists of the Seventeenth +century, like those of modern Germany, had foreseen +exactly what would happen, but the results were none the less +similar. When once the English leaf had secured a strong +hold upon the Baltic and upon France and Spain, it was a +matter of the greatest difficulty to oust it, especially as the +ever increasing influx of slaves made it possible for the planters +to meet the lower prices of foreign competitors and still +clear a profit. Thus it was that during the years from 1680 +to 1708 the Chesapeake tobacco succeeded in surmounting all +the difficulties placed in its way by the Navigation Acts, the +necessity of the double voyage, the re-export duty of a half +penny a pound, and so gradually flooded the continental +market.</p> + +<p>It is unfortunate that figures for re-exported tobacco during +the earlier years of the Restoration period are lacking. In +1688, however, it is stated that the duty of a half penny a +pound was yielding the Crown an annual revenue of £15,000, +which would indicate that about 7,200,000 pounds were leaving +for foreign ports.<a name="FNanchor_7-8_293" id="FNanchor_7-8_293"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-8_293" class="fnanchor">[7-8]</a> Ten years later, if we may believe +the testimony of John Linton, exports of tobacco totalled +50,000 or 60,000 hogsheads, or from 25,000,000 to 30,000,000 +pounds. Not more than a fourth of the colonial leaf, he tells +us, was consumed in England itself.<a name="FNanchor_7-9_294" id="FNanchor_7-9_294"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-9_294" class="fnanchor">[7-9]</a> Once more Virginia and +Maryland were producing tobacco for all Europe, once more +they enjoyed a world market.</p> + +<p>This trade was extended from one end of the continent to +the other. Vessels laden with American tobacco found their +way not only to the ports of France and Holland and Spain, +but even to the distant cities of Sweden and Russia.<a name="FNanchor_7-10_295" id="FNanchor_7-10_295"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-10_295" class="fnanchor">[7-10]</a> The +Baltic trade alone amounted to from 5,000 to 10,000 hogsheads, +and added from £10,000 to £24,000 to the income of +the planters. The chief Russian port of entry was Narva,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> +which took annually some 500 hogsheads, but large quantities +were shipped also to Riga and Raval.<a name="FNanchor_7-11_296" id="FNanchor_7-11_296"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-11_296" class="fnanchor">[7-11]</a> The northern nations +bought the cheaper varieties, for no tobacco could be too +strong for the hardy men of Sweden and Russia.</p> + +<p>The trade was of great importance to England, as the leaf, +after it had gone through the process of manufacture, sold +for about six pence a pound, yielding to the nation in all from +£60,000 to £130,000.<a name="FNanchor_7-12_297" id="FNanchor_7-12_297"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-12_297" class="fnanchor">[7-12]</a> As the English were still largely dependent +upon the Baltic for potash and ship stores, this constituted +a most welcome addition to the balance of trade. To +the colonies also it was vital, carrying off a large part of the +annual crop, and so tending to sustain prices.</p> + +<p>France, too, proved a good customer for English tobacco, +and in the years prior to the War of the Spanish Succession +took annually from 8,000 to 10,000 hogsheads, or from 4,000,000 +to 6,000,000 pounds.<a name="FNanchor_7-13_298" id="FNanchor_7-13_298"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-13_298" class="fnanchor">[7-13]</a> Micajah Perry reported to the +Lords of Trade that from 6,000 to 10,000 hogsheads went to +France from London alone, while a very considerable amount +was sent also from other ports.<a name="FNanchor_7-14_299" id="FNanchor_7-14_299"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-14_299" class="fnanchor">[7-14]</a></p> + +<p>Far more surprising is the fact that even Spain consumed +millions of pounds of English leaf. With her own colonies +producing the best tobacco in the world and in the face of its +practical exclusion from the English market, it is strange that +the Government at Madrid should have permitted this commerce +to continue. The obvious course for the Spaniards under +the economic theories of the day would have been to exclude +English tobacco, both in order to protect their own +planters and to retaliate for the restrictions upon their product. +Yet it is estimated that from 6,000 to 10,000 hogsheads entered +Spain each year.<a name="FNanchor_7-15_300" id="FNanchor_7-15_300"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-15_300" class="fnanchor">[7-15]</a> A pamphlet published in 1708 entitled +<i>The Present State of Tobacco Plantations in America</i> +stated that before the outbreak of the war then raging, +France and Spain together had taken annually about 20,000 +hogsheads.<a name="FNanchor_7-16_301" id="FNanchor_7-16_301"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-16_301" class="fnanchor">[7-16]</a></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span></p><p>The Dutch, too, despite their bitter rivalry with the British, +found it impossible to do without Virginia tobacco. Purchasing +the finest bright Orinoco, they mixed it with leaf of their +own growth in the proportion of one to four, and sold it to +other European nations. In this way they sought to retain their +position as a distributing center for the trade and to give employment +to hundreds of poor workers. In all the Dutch +seem to have purchased from England about 5,000 hogsheads +a year.<a name="FNanchor_7-17_302" id="FNanchor_7-17_302"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-17_302" class="fnanchor">[7-17]</a></p> + +<p>The enhanced importance of the tobacco trade is reflected in +a steady increase of British exports to Virginia and Maryland. +The planters, now that they found it possible to market their +leaf, laid out the proceeds in the manufactured products of +England. At the end of the Seventeenth century the two +colonies were importing goods to the value of £200,000 annually. +In 1698, which was an exceptionally good year, their +purchases were no less than £310,133.<a name="FNanchor_7-18_303" id="FNanchor_7-18_303"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-18_303" class="fnanchor">[7-18]</a></p> + +<p>In short the tobacco colonies had at last found their proper +place in the British colonial system. Both they and the +mother country, after long years of experimentation, years of +misfortune and recrimination, had reached a common ground +upon which to stand. Although Maryland and Virginia still +fell short of the ideal set for the British colonies, although +they failed to furnish the raw stuffs so urgently needed by +the home industries, at least they yielded a product which +added materially to shipping, weighed heavily in the balance +of trade and brought a welcome revenue to the royal Exchequer.</p> + +<p>The Crown reaped a rich return from tobacco, a return +which grew not only with the expansion of the trade, but by +the imposition from time to time of heavier duties. In the +period from 1660 to 1685, when the tariff remained at<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> +two pence a pound, the yield must have varied from £75,000 +to £100,000. If we assume that the average consumption in +England was 9,000,000 pounds and the average exports +3,000,000 the total revenue would have been £81,250. In +1685, however, an additional duty of three pence a pound +was placed upon tobacco upon its arrival in England, all of +which was refunded when the product was re-exported. In +1688, when the tobacco consumed in England was 8,328,800 +pounds, the old and new duties, amounting in all to five pence, +must have yielded £173,515. When to this is added £15,000 +from the half penny a pound on the 7,200,000 pounds of leaf +sent abroad, the total reaches £188,515.</p> + +<p>In 1698 still another penny a pound was added to the tax, +making a grand total of six pence on colonial tobacco disposed +of in England. This new duty, together with the rapid increase +in the foreign trade, enriched the Exchequer by another +£100,000. In 1699, if we assume that 12,000,000 pounds +were consumed in England, the return would have been £300,000; +while half a penny a pound on 36,000,000 pounds of re-exported +leaf, would have brought the total to £375,000. +That this figure was approximately correct we have evidence +in the statement of the author of <i>The Present State of the +Tobacco Plantations</i>, written in 1705, that the revenue yielded +by the tobacco of Virginia and Maryland amounted annually +to £400,000.<a name="FNanchor_7-19_304" id="FNanchor_7-19_304"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-19_304" class="fnanchor">[7-19]</a> This sum constituted a very appreciable proportion +of the royal income, so appreciable in fact as to make +the tobacco trade a matter of vital importance in the eyes of +the King's ministers. They were charged at all times to avoid +any contingency which might lessen the imports and reduce the +customs.</p> + +<p>The increase in the tobacco trade stimulated industry, not +only by increasing exports to Virginia and Maryland, but also<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> +by creating a new English industry. For most of the tobacco, +before it was sent abroad, was subjected to a process of manufacture, +by which the leaf was cut and rolled and otherwise +prepared for the consumer. This industry gave employment +to hundreds of poor persons in England and required a considerable +outlay of capital.<a name="FNanchor_7-20_305" id="FNanchor_7-20_305"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-20_305" class="fnanchor">[7-20]</a></p> + +<p>To British navigation the trade was vital. Each year scores +of merchantmen crossed to the Chesapeake and swarmed in +every river and creek, delivering their English goods to the +planters and taking in return the hogsheads of tobacco. In +1690 the tobacco fleet numbered about 100 ships, aggregating +13,715 tons; in 1706 it counted no less than 300 sails.<a name="FNanchor_7-21_306" id="FNanchor_7-21_306"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-21_306" class="fnanchor">[7-21]</a> Nor +must it be forgotten that re-exported tobacco also added many +a goodly merchantman to the navy and gave employment to +many a seaman. Altogether Virginia and Maryland constituted +an invaluable asset, an asset which ranked in importance +secondly only to the sugar plantations.</p> + +<p>It would naturally be supposed that the fortunate turn of +events which restored to the tobacco colonies their European +market would have reacted favorably upon the small planters +of Virginia, not only insuring plenty to those already established, +but adding new recruits from the ranks of the indentured +servants; that the process of making prosperous freemen +from the poor immigrants who flocked to the colony, the +process interrupted by the passage of the Navigation Acts, +would have been resumed now that these laws no longer prevented +the flow of tobacco into the continental countries.</p> + +<p>Such was not the case, however. A comparison of the lists +of immigrants with the rent roll of 1704 shows that but an +insignificant proportion of the newcomers succeeded in establishing +themselves as landowners. In four lists examined for +the year 1689, comprising 332 names, but seven persons can<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span> +be positively identified upon the rent roll. In 1690, eight +lists of 933 names, reveal but twenty-eight persons who were +landowners in 1704. Of 274 immigrants listed in 1691, six +only appear on the Roll. In 1695, seven lists comprising 711 +names, show but ten who possessed farms nine years later. +Of 74 headrights appearing in 1696, but two are listed on the +roll; of 119 in 1697 only nine; of 169 in 1698 one only; of +454 in 1699, only seven; of 223 in 1700 but six.<a name="FNanchor_7-22_307" id="FNanchor_7-22_307"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-22_307" class="fnanchor">[7-22]</a> All in all +not more than five per cent. of the newcomers during this +period prospered and became independent planters. Apparently, +then, the restored prosperity of the colony was not +shared by the poorer classes, the increased market for tobacco +did not better materially the chances of the incoming flood +of indentured servants.</p> + +<p>The explanation of this state of affairs is found in the fact +that tobacco, despite its widened market, experienced no very +pronounced rise in price. The average return to the planters +during the good years seems to have been one penny a pound.<a name="FNanchor_7-23_308" id="FNanchor_7-23_308"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-23_308" class="fnanchor">[7-23]</a> +This, it is true, constituted an advance over the worst days of +the Restoration period, but it was far from approaching the +prices of the Civil war and Commonwealth periods. For the +poor freedman, it was not sufficient to provide for his support +and at the same time make it possible to accumulate a working +capital. He could not, as he had done a half century earlier, +lay aside enough to purchase a farm, stock it with cattle, hogs +and poultry, perhaps even secure a servant or two. Now, although +no longer reduced to misery and rags as in the years +from 1660 to 1682, he could consider himself fortunate if his +labor sufficed to provide wholesome food and warm clothing. +How, it may be asked, could Virginia and Maryland produce +the vast crops now required by the foreign trade, if the price +was still so low? Prior to and just after Bacon's Rebellion +the planters repeatedly asserted that their labors only served<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span> +to bring them into debt, that to produce an extensive crop was +the surest way for one to ruin himself. Why was it that +twenty years later, although prices were still far below the old +level, they could flood the markets of the world?</p> + +<p>The answer can be summed up in one word—slavery. The +first cargo of negroes arrived in the colony in 1619 upon a +Dutch privateer. Presumably they were landed at Jamestown, +and sold there to the planters.<a name="FNanchor_7-24_309" id="FNanchor_7-24_309"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-24_309" class="fnanchor">[7-24]</a> The vessel which won +fame for itself by this ill-starred action, was sailing under +letters of marque from the Prince of Orange and had been +scouring the seas in search of Spanish prizes. Although the +Dutch master could have had no information that slaves were +wanted in the colony, he seems to have taken it for granted +that he would not be forbidden to dispose of his human freight.</p> + +<p>The introduction of this handful of negroes—there were +but twenty in all—was not the real beginning of the slave system +in the colonies. For many years the institution which was +to play so sinister a part in American history did not flourish, +and the slaves grew in numbers but slowly. In the Muster +Roll of Settlers in Virginia, taken in 1624, there were listed +only 22 negroes.<a name="FNanchor_7-25_310" id="FNanchor_7-25_310"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-25_310" class="fnanchor">[7-25]</a> Sixteen years later the black population +probably did not exceed 150.<a name="FNanchor_7-26_311" id="FNanchor_7-26_311"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-26_311" class="fnanchor">[7-26]</a> In 1649, when Virginia was +growing rapidly and the whites numbered 15,000, there were +but 300 negroes in the colony.<a name="FNanchor_7-27_312" id="FNanchor_7-27_312"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-27_312" class="fnanchor">[7-27]</a> A sporadic importation of +slaves continued during the Commonwealth period, but still +the number was insignificant, still the bulk of the labor in the +tobacco fields was done by indentured servants and poor freeholders.</p> + +<p>In 1670 Governor Berkeley reported to the Board of Trade +that out of a total population of 40,000, but five per cent were +slaves.<a name="FNanchor_7-28_313" id="FNanchor_7-28_313"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-28_313" class="fnanchor">[7-28]</a> Eleven years later the number of blacks was estimated +at 3,000.<a name="FNanchor_7-29_314" id="FNanchor_7-29_314"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-29_314" class="fnanchor">[7-29]</a> In 1635 twenty-six negroes were brought +in, the largest purchaser being Charles Harmar.<a name="FNanchor_7-30_315" id="FNanchor_7-30_315"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-30_315" class="fnanchor">[7-30]</a> In 1636<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> +the importations were but seven, in 1637 they were 28, in +1638 thirty, in 1639 forty-six, in 1642 seven only, in 1643 +eighteen, in 1649 seventeen.<a name="FNanchor_7-31_316" id="FNanchor_7-31_316"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-31_316" class="fnanchor">[7-31]</a> But with the passage of the +years somewhat larger cargoes began to arrive. In 1662 +Richard Lee claimed among his headrights no less than 80 +negroes, in 1665 the Scarboroughs imported thirty-nine. In +1670, however, Berkeley declared that "not above two or +three ships of Negroes" had arrived in the province in the +previous seven years.<a name="FNanchor_7-32_317" id="FNanchor_7-32_317"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-32_317" class="fnanchor">[7-32]</a></p> + +<p>It is evident, then, that during the larger part of the Seventeenth +century slavery played but an unimportant rôle in +the economic and social life of the colony. The planters were +exceedingly anxious to make use of slave labor, which they +considered the foundation of the prosperity of their rivals of +the Spanish tobacco colonies, but slave labor was most difficult +to obtain. The trade had for many years been chiefly in the +hands of the Dutch, and these enterprising navigators sold +most of their negroes to the Spanish plantations. Ever since +the days of Henry VIII the English had made efforts to secure +a share of this profitable traffic, but with very meagre success.<a name="FNanchor_7-33_318" id="FNanchor_7-33_318"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-33_318" class="fnanchor">[7-33]</a></p> + +<p>The Dutch had established trading stations along the African +coast, guarded by forts and war vessels. Any attempts of +outsiders to intrude upon the commerce was regarded by them +as an act of open aggression to be resisted by force of arms. +To enter the trade with any hope of success it became necessary +for the English to organize a company rich enough to +furnish armed protection to their merchantmen. But no such +organization could be established during the Civil War and +Commonwealth periods, and it was not until 1660 that the +African Company, under the leadership of the Duke of York +entered the field.<a name="FNanchor_7-34_319" id="FNanchor_7-34_319"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-34_319" class="fnanchor">[7-34]</a></p> + +<p>This was but the beginning of the struggle, however. The +Dutch resisted strenuously, stirring up the native chieftains<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span> +against the English, seizing their vessels and breaking up their +stations. Not until two wars had been fought was England +able to wring from the stubborn Netherlanders an acknowledgment +of her right to a share in the trade. Even then the +Virginians were not adequately supplied, for the sugar islands +were clamoring for slaves, and as they occupied so important +a place in the colonial system they were the first to be served. +Throughout the last quarter of the Seventeenth century negroes +in fairly large numbers began to arrive in the Chesapeake, +but it was only in the years from 1700 to 1720 that they +actually accomplished the overthrow of the old system of +labor and laid the foundations of a new social structure. +Throughout the Seventeenth century the economic system of +the tobacco colonies depended upon the labor of the poor white +man, whether free or under terms of indenture; in the Eighteenth +century it rested chiefly upon the black shoulders of +the African slave.</p> + +<p>There could be no manner of doubt as to the desirability of +the slaves from an economic standpoint, apparently the only +standpoint that received serious consideration. The indentured +servant could be held usually for but a few years. +Hardly had he reached his greatest usefulness for his master +than he demanded his freedom. Thus for the man of large +means to keep his fields always in cultivation it was necessary +constantly to renew his supply of laborers. If he required +twenty hands, he must import each year some five or six servants, +or run the risk of finding himself running behind. But +the slave served for life. The planter who had purchased a +full supply of negroes could feel that his labor problems were +settled once and for all. Not only could he hold the slaves +themselves for life, but their children also became his property +and took their places in the tobacco fields as soon as they +approached maturity.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span></p><p>Thus in the end the slave was far cheaper. The price of a +servant depended largely upon the cost of his passage across +the ocean. We find that William Matthews, having three +years and nine months to serve, was rated in the inventory of +his master, John Thomas, at £12.<a name="FNanchor_7-35_320" id="FNanchor_7-35_320"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-35_320" class="fnanchor">[7-35]</a> A servant of Robert +Leightenhouse, having two years to serve, was put at £9;<a name="FNanchor_7-36_321" id="FNanchor_7-36_321"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-36_321" class="fnanchor">[7-36]</a> +while on the other hand we find another listed in the estate of +Colonel Francis Epes, also having two years to serve, at only +£5.<a name="FNanchor_7-37_322" id="FNanchor_7-37_322"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-37_322" class="fnanchor">[7-37]</a> A white lad under indenture for seven years to Mr. +Ralph Graves was valued at £10.<a name="FNanchor_7-38_323" id="FNanchor_7-38_323"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-38_323" class="fnanchor">[7-38]</a> On the whole it would +seem that the price of a sturdy man servant varied from £2 +to £4 for each year of his service. On the other hand a vigorous +slave could be had at from £18 to £30. Assuming that he +gave his master twenty-five years of service, the cost for each +year would be but one pound sterling. There could be no +doubt, then, that in the mere matter of cost he was much +cheaper than the indentured white man.</p> + +<p>It is true that the negro was none too efficient as a laborer. +Born in savagery, unacquainted with the English tongue, +knowing little of agriculture, it was a matter of some difficulty +for him to accustom himself to his task in the tobacco fields. +Yet when his lesson had been learned, when a few years of +experience had taught him what his master expected him to +do, the slave showed himself quite adequate to the requirements +of the one staple crop. The culture of tobacco is not +essentially difficult, especially when pursued in the unscientific +manner of the colonial period. It required many, but not +skilled hands. The slave, untutored and unintelligent, proved +inadequate to the industrial needs of the northern colonies. +The niceties of shipbuilding were beyond his capacities, he +was not needed as a fisherman, he was not a good sailor, he +was useless in the system of intensive agriculture in vogue<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> +north of Maryland. But in the tobacco field he would do. +He could not at first tend so many plants as his white rival, +he could not produce tobacco of such fine quality, but what +he lacked in efficiency he more than made up for in cheapness.</p> + +<p>The African seems to have withstood remarkably well the +diseases indigenous to eastern Virginia. There are occasional +reports of epidemics among the slaves, but usually they were +fairly immune both to malaria and dysentery. A census taken +in 1714, when there were perhaps 15,000 negroes in the colony, +records burials for sixty-two slaves only.<a name="FNanchor_7-39_324" id="FNanchor_7-39_324"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-39_324" class="fnanchor">[7-39]</a> The births +of slaves for the same year totalled 253.<a name="FNanchor_7-40_325" id="FNanchor_7-40_325"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-40_325" class="fnanchor">[7-40]</a> These figures indicate +not only the excellent physical condition in which these +black workers were kept by their masters, but the rapidity with +which they were multiplying. The low death rate is in part +explained by the fact that only strong men and women were +transported to the colonies, but it is none the less clearly indicative +of the ease with which the African accustomed himself +to the climate of tidewater Virginia.</p> + +<p>As a rule the negro was more docile than the white servant, +especially if the latter happened to be from the ruder elements +of English society. He was not so apt to resist his master +or to run away to the mountains. Yet plots among the blacks +were not unknown. In 1710 a conspiracy was discovered +among the slaves of Surry and James City counties which +was to have been put into execution on Easter day. The +negroes planned to rise simultaneously, destroy any who stood +in their way, and make good their escape out of the colony. +Among the chief conspirators were Jamy, belonging to Mr. +John Broadnax, Mr. Samuel Thompson's Peter, Tom and Cato +of Mr. William Edwards, Great Jack and Little Jack of Mr. +John Edwards, and Will belonging to Mr. Henry Hart. "Two +or three of these were tried this general court," wrote Colonel +Jennings, "found guilty and will be executed. And I hope<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span> +their fate will strike such a terror in the other Negroes as +will keep them from forming such designs for the future."<a name="FNanchor_7-41_326" id="FNanchor_7-41_326"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-41_326" class="fnanchor">[7-41]</a> +The lesson did not prove lasting, however, for in 1730 a number +of slaves from Norfolk and Princess Anne counties assembled +while the whites were at church, and chose officers +to command them in a bold stroke for freedom. As in the +previous attempt they were discovered, many arrested and +several of the ringleaders executed.<a name="FNanchor_7-42_327" id="FNanchor_7-42_327"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-42_327" class="fnanchor">[7-42]</a></p> + +<p>Neither the merchants nor the planters seem to have been +conscious of any wrong in the seizure and sale of negroes. +They regarded the native Africans as hardly human, mere +savages that were no more deserving of consideration than +oxen or horses. And as it was right and proper to hitch the +ox or the horse to the plow, so it was equally legitimate to put +the negro to work in the fields of sugar cane or tobacco. +Whatever hardships he had to endure upon the voyage to +America or by reason of his enforced labor, they considered +amply compensated by his conversion to Christianity.</p> + +<p>It is true that the colony of Virginia early in the Eighteenth +century imposed a heavy duty upon the importation of slaves, +but it did so neither from any consciousness of wrong in +slavery itself or a perception of the social problems which +were to grow out of it. At the time the price of tobacco was +declining rapidly and many planters were losing money. +Feeling that their misfortunes arose from overproduction, +which in turn was the result of the recent purchases of negroes, +the colonial legislators decided to check the trade. "The +great number of negroes imported here and solely employed +in making tobacco," wrote Governor Spotswood in 1711, +"hath produced for some years past an increase in tobacco far +disproportionate to the consumption of it ... and consequently +lowered the price of it."<a name="FNanchor_7-43_328" id="FNanchor_7-43_328"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-43_328" class="fnanchor">[7-43]</a> "The people of Virginia +will not now be so fond of purchasing negroes as of late,"<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span> +declared President Jennings of the Virginia Council in 1708, +"being sensibly convinced of their error, which has in a manner +ruined the credit of the country."<a name="FNanchor_7-44_329" id="FNanchor_7-44_329"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-44_329" class="fnanchor">[7-44]</a></p> + +<p>During the years from 1680 to 1700 slaves arrived in the +colony in increasing numbers. In 1681 William Fitzhugh, in +a letter to Ralph Wormeley, refers to the fact that several slave +ships were expected that year in the York river.<a name="FNanchor_7-45_330" id="FNanchor_7-45_330"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-45_330" class="fnanchor">[7-45]</a> At this +period, for the first time in Virginia history, we find negroes +in large numbers entered as headrights upon the patent rolls. +In 1693 Captain John Storey received a grant of land for the +importation of 79 negroes, in 1694 Robert Beverley brought +in seventy, in 1695 William Randolph twenty-five.<a name="FNanchor_7-46_331" id="FNanchor_7-46_331"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-46_331" class="fnanchor">[7-46]</a> Before +the end of the century it is probable that the slaves in Virginia +numbered nearly 6,000, and had already become more important +to the economic life of the colony than the indentured +servants.<a name="FNanchor_7-47_332" id="FNanchor_7-47_332"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-47_332" class="fnanchor">[7-47]</a></p> + +<p>The chief purchasers at this time were men of large estates. +The advantages of slave labor were manifest to planters of +the type of William Byrd or William Fitzhugh, men who had +built up fortunes by their business ability. It is but natural +that they should have turned early from the indentured servant +to stock their plantations with the cheaper and more +remunerative African workers.</p> + +<p>As the English secured a stronger hold upon the African +trade slaves arrived in ever increasing numbers. During the +years from 1699 to 1708 no less than 6,843 came in, a number +perhaps exceeding the entire importations of the Seventeenth +century.<a name="FNanchor_7-48_333" id="FNanchor_7-48_333"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-48_333" class="fnanchor">[7-48]</a> In the summer of 1705 alone 1,800 negroes +arrived.<a name="FNanchor_7-49_334" id="FNanchor_7-49_334"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-49_334" class="fnanchor">[7-49]</a> With what rapidity the black man was taking the +place of the indentured servant and the poor freeman as the +chief laborer of the colony is shown by the fact that in 1708, +in a total tithable list of 30,000, no less than 12,000 were +slaves. President Jennings at the same time reported that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> +the number of servants was inconsiderable.<a name="FNanchor_7-50_335" id="FNanchor_7-50_335"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-50_335" class="fnanchor">[7-50]</a> "Before the +year 1680 what negroes came to Virginia were usually from +Barbadoes," Jennings told the Board of Trade in 1708. +"Between 1680 and 1698 the negro trade become more frequent, +tho not in any proportion to what it hath been of +late, during which the African Company have sent several +ships and others by their licence having bought their slaves +of the Company brought them here for sale, among which +lately Alderman Jeffreys and Sir Jeffry Jeffreys were principally +concerned."<a name="FNanchor_7-51_336" id="FNanchor_7-51_336"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-51_336" class="fnanchor">[7-51]</a></p> + +<p>The wars of Charles XII, however, which proved disastrous +to the Baltic trade, and the War of the Spanish Succession +which cut off exports of tobacco to France and Spain, +caused a serious decline in prices and made it impossible for +the planters to continue the large purchases of slaves. This +fact, together with the duty which had been imposed with the +express purpose of keeping them out, reduced the importations +to a minimum during the years from 1710 to 1718.<a name="FNanchor_7-52_337" id="FNanchor_7-52_337"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-52_337" class="fnanchor">[7-52]</a> But +with the reopening of the tobacco market and the return of +prosperity to Virginia, the black stream set in again with redoubled +force. In 1730, out of a total population of 114,000, +no less than 30,000 were negroes.<a name="FNanchor_7-53_338" id="FNanchor_7-53_338"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-53_338" class="fnanchor">[7-53]</a> In other words the slaves, +who in 1670 had constituted but five per cent of the people, +now comprised twenty-six per cent. Slavery, from being an +insignificant factor in the economic life of the colony, had +become the very foundation upon which it was established.</p> + +<p>As we have seen it was not slavery but the protracted accumulation +of surplus stocks of tobacco in England which +had broken the long continued deadlock of the tobacco trade +during the Restoration period and caused the overflow into +continental markets. That the labor of blacks at first played +no essential part in the movement is evident from the fact +that in 1682 when it first became pronounced, the slave population<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span> +of Virginia and Maryland was still insignificant. But +that the trade not only continued after the glut in England +had been cleared up, but increased with startling rapidity, was +unquestionably the result of more universal use of negroes in +the years immediately preceding the War of the Spanish +Succession. Slavery so cheapened the cost of production that +it was now quite possible for those who used them to pay the +half penny a pound duty on reëxported tobacco in England, +and still undersell all rivals in the European market. Before +many years had passed the tobacco trade, with all that it meant +both to England and to the colonies, rested almost entirely upon +the labor of the savage black man so recently brought from +the African wilds.</p> + +<p>That this fact was fully understood at the time is attested +by various persons interested in the colony and the trade. In +1728 Francis Fane, in protesting against the imposition of a +new tax in Virginia on the importation of slaves declared +"that Laying a Duty on Negroes can only tend to make them +scarcer and dearer, the two things that for the good of our +Trade and for the Benefit of Virginia ought chiefly to be +guarded against, since it is well known that the cheepness of +Virginia tobacco in European Marketts is the true Cause of +the great Consumption thereof in Europe, and one would have +therefore Expected rather to have seen an Act allowing a +premium on the Importation of Negroes to have Encouraged +the bringing them in, than an Act laying so large a Duty to +discourage their Importation."<a name="FNanchor_7-54_339" id="FNanchor_7-54_339"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-54_339" class="fnanchor">[7-54]</a> Similarly Colonel Spencer +wrote to the Board of Trade. "The low price of tobacco requires +it should be made as cheap as possible. The Blacks can +make it cheaper than Whites, so I conceive it is for his +Majesty's interest full as much as the Country's or rather much +more, to have Blacks as cheap as possible in Virginia."<a name="FNanchor_7-55_340" id="FNanchor_7-55_340"></a><a href="#Footnote_7-55_340" class="fnanchor">[7-55]</a></p> + +<p>It is evident, then, that the opening of the European market<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span> +and the vast expansion of the tobacco trade, while bringing +prosperity to the larger planters, was no great boon to the +man who tilled his fields with his own hands. It assured him +a ready sale for his crop, it is true, but at prices so low as to +leave him a very narrow margin of profit. The new era +which was opening, the so-called golden era of Virginia history, +was not for him. Virginia in the Eighteenth century +was to be the land of the slave holder, not of the little planter.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span></p> +<h2><i>CHAPTER VIII</i></h2> + +<h4><span class="smcap">Beneath the Black Tide</span></h4> + + +<p>The importation of slaves in large numbers reacted almost +immediately upon the migration of whites to Virginia. As +we have seen, the stream of indentured servants that poured +across the Atlantic remained remarkably constant throughout +almost all of the Seventeenth century. The larger planters +were always in need of laborers, and they looked to the +surplus population of England to supply them. But with the +coming of the blacks all was changed. The Virginians saw +in the slave ships which now so frequently entered their rivers +the solution of all their problems. And so the influx of white +men and women from the mother country dwindled and almost +died out, while in its place came a still greater stream +from the coast of Africa.</p> + +<p>At the time of Bacon's Rebellion the annual importation of +servants was between 1,500 and 2,000. The headrights for +1674 show 1931 names.<a name="FNanchor_8-1_341" id="FNanchor_8-1_341"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-1_341" class="fnanchor">[8-1]</a> Seven years later the whites were +still arriving in large numbers, the rolls for 1682 having 1,565 +names. As the century drew to a close, however, the effect +of the slave trade upon white immigration is reflected in the +dwindling number of headrights. The change that was taking +place is illustrated by a patent of 13,500 acres to Ralph +Wormleley for the transportation of 249 persons, 149 of whom +were white and 100 black.<a name="FNanchor_8-2_342" id="FNanchor_8-2_342"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-2_342" class="fnanchor">[8-2]</a> Yet so late as 1704 the servants +were still coming in appreciable numbers. In 1708 however, the +number of servants at work in the colony had dwindled away +almost entirely.<a name="FNanchor_8-3_343" id="FNanchor_8-3_343"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-3_343" class="fnanchor">[8-3]</a> In 1715 the names of white persons listed as +headrights was but ninety-one; in 1718 but 101.<a name="FNanchor_8-4_344" id="FNanchor_8-4_344"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-4_344" class="fnanchor">[8-4]</a> In other<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span> +words, the first great migration of Englishmen to continental +America, a migration extending over a century and comprising +from 100,000 to 150,000 men, women and children, had practically +come to an end.</p> + +<p>English statesmen at the time looked upon this event as an +unalloyed blessing. The day had passed when they felt that +there existed a surplus of labor at home and that the country +was in need of blood letting. The proper policy was to keep +Englishmen in England, to devote their energies to local industries +and so strengthen the economic and military sinews +of the nation. And if unemployment existed, it was the correct +policy to bring work to the idle rather than send the idle +out of the country in quest of work.<a name="FNanchor_8-5_345" id="FNanchor_8-5_345"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-5_345" class="fnanchor">[8-5]</a> And the colonies were +to be utilized, no longer as outlets for the population, but as a +means to the upbuilding of local industry. They were to +supply a market for English goods, keep employed English +mariners and furnish the tobacco and sugar which when re-exported +weighed so heavily in the balance of trade. And +since these great staple crops could be produced by the work +of slaves, it was thought highly advantageous for all concerned +that the negro should replace the white servant in both the +tobacco and the sugar fields. The planters would profit by the +lowered cost of production, English industry would gain by +the increased volume of traffic, the Crown revenues would be +enhanced and English laborers would be kept at home.<a name="FNanchor_8-6_346" id="FNanchor_8-6_346"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-6_346" class="fnanchor">[8-6]</a></p> + +<p>Apparently the deeper significance of this great movement +was entirely lost upon the British economists and ministers. +They had no conception of the advantage of having their +colonies inhabited by one race alone and that race their own. +From the first their vision was too restricted to embrace +the idea of a new and greater Britain in its fullest sense. +They could not bring themselves to look upon the soil of +Virginia and Maryland as a part of the soil of an extended<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> +England, upon the Virginians and Marylanders as Englishmen, +enjoying privileges equal to their own. They could not +realize the strength that would come from such an empire as +this, the mighty future it would insure to the Anglo-Saxon +race.</p> + +<p>Their conception was different. The British empire must +consist of two distinct parts—mother country and colonies. +And in any clash of interest between the two, the former must +prevail. It was not their intent that the colonies should be +purposely sacrificed, that they should be made to pay tribute +to a tyrannical parent. In fact, they earnestly desired that the +plantations should prosper, for when they languished English +industry suffered. But in their eyes the colonies existed primarily +for the benefit of England. England had given them +birth, had defended them, had nurtured them; she was amply +justified, therefore, in subordinating them to her own industrial +needs.</p> + +<p>Thus they viewed the substitution of the importation of +slaves to the tobacco colonies for the importation of white men +purely from an English, not an Anglo-Saxon, point of view. +Had it been a question of bringing thousands of negroes to +England itself to drive the white laborers from the fields, they +would have interposed an emphatic veto. But with the structure +of colonial life they were not greatly concerned. In 1693, +when James Blair secured from the King and Queen a gift +for his new college at Williamsburg, Attorney-General Seymour +objected vigorously, stating that there was not the least +occasion for such an institution in Virginia. Blair reminded +him that the chief purpose of the college was to educate young +men for the ministry and begged him to consider that the +people of the colony had souls to be saved as well as the people +of England. "Souls! Damn your souls," snapped the Attorney-General, +"make tobacco."<a name="FNanchor_8-7_347" id="FNanchor_8-7_347"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-7_347" class="fnanchor">[8-7]</a> It would be unfair to say that<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> +the British Government took just the same view of the colonists +as did Seymour, but there can be no doubt that their chief concern +in the plantations was centered upon the size of their exports +to England and of their purchases of English goods. +And as the slaves could make more tobacco than the indentured +servants, it became the settled policy of the Crown to encourage +the African trade in every possible way.</p> + +<p>The influx of slaves not only put almost a complete end to +the importation of white servants, but it reacted disastrously +upon the Virginia yeomanry. In this respect we find a close +parallel with the experience of ancient Rome with slave labor. +In the third and second centuries before Christ the glory of +the republic lay in its peasantry. The self-reliant, sturdy, +liberty-loving yeoman formed the backbone of the conquering +legion and added to the life of the republic that rugged +strength that made it so irresistible. "To say that a citizen +is a good farmer is to reach the extreme limit of praise," said +Cato. Some of the ablest of the early Roman generals were +recruited from the small farmer class. Fabius Maximus, the +Dictator, in need of money, sent his son to Rome to sell his +sole possession, a little farm of seven jugera. Regulus, while +in Africa, asked that he be recalled from his command because +the hired man he had left to cultivate his fields had fled with +all his farm implements, and he feared his wife and children +would starve.<a name="FNanchor_8-8_348" id="FNanchor_8-8_348"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-8_348" class="fnanchor">[8-8]</a></p> + +<p>This vigorous peasantry was destroyed by the importation +of hordes of slaves and the purchase of cheap foreign grain. +So long as the wars of Rome were limited to Italy the number +of slaves was comparatively small, but as her armies swept +over the Mediterranean countries one after another and even +subdued the wild Gauls and Britains, an unending stream of +captives poured into the city and filled to overflowing the +slave markets. Cicero, during his short campaign against the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span> +Parthians wrote to Atticus that the sale of his prisoners had +netted no less than 12,000,000 sestercias. In Epirus 100,000 +men were captured; 60,000 Cimbries and 100,000 Germans +graced the triumph of Marius; Caesar is said to have taken +in Gaul another 100,000 prisoners. Soon the slave became +the cheapest of commodities, and he who possessed even the +most extensive lands could readily supply himself with the +labor requisite for their cultivation.</p> + +<p>Thus thrown into competition with slave labor the peasant +proprietor found it impossible to sustain himself. The grain +which he produced with his own hands had to compete in the +same market with that made by slaves. It must, therefore, +sell for the same price, a price so low that it did not suffice to +feed and clothe him and his family. So he was forced to give +up his little estate, an estate perhaps handed down to him by +generations of farmers, and migrate to the city of Rome, to +swell the idle and plebeian population. And once there he +demanded bread, a demand which the authorities dared not +refuse. So the public treasury laid out the funds for the +purchase of wheat from all parts of the world, from Spain, +from Africa, from Sicily, wheat which was given away or +sold for a song. This in turn reacted unfavorably upon the +peasants who still clung to the soil in a desperate effort to +wring from it a bare subsistence, and accelerated the movement +to the city.</p> + +<p>Thus Italy was transformed from the land of the little +farmer into the land of big estates cultivated by slaves. A +sad development surely, a development which had much to do +with the decay and final overthrow of the mighty structure of +the Roman Empire. In former times, Titus Livius tells us, +"there was a multitude of free men in this country where today +we can hardly find a handful of soldiers, and which would be +a wilderness were it not for our slaves." "The plough is<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> +everywhere bereft of honor," wrote Virgil, while Lucian bewailed +the departed peasants whose places were taken by fettered +slaves.<a name="FNanchor_8-9_349" id="FNanchor_8-9_349"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-9_349" class="fnanchor">[8-9]</a></p> + +<p>The importation of slaves to Virginia had somewhat similar +results. While not destroying entirely the little farmer +class, it exerted a baleful influence upon it, driving many +families out of the colony, making the rich man richer, reducing +the poor man to dire poverty. Against this unfortunate +development the Virginia yeoman was helpless. Instinctively +he must have felt that the slave was his enemy, +and the hatred and rivalry which even today exists between +the negro and the lowest class of whites, the so-called "poor +white trash," dates back to the Seventeenth century.</p> + +<p>The emigration of poor persons, usually servants just freed, +from Virginia to neighboring colonies was well under way +even at the time of Bacon's Rebellion. In 1677 complaint was +made of "the inconvenience which arose from the neighborhood +of Maryland and North Carolina," in that Virginia was +daily deprived of its inhabitants by the removal of poor men +hither. Runaway servants were welcomed in both places, it +was asserted, while the debtor was accorded protection against +prosecution.<a name="FNanchor_8-10_350" id="FNanchor_8-10_350"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-10_350" class="fnanchor">[8-10]</a> This early emigration was caused, of course, +not by the importation of slaves, for that movement had not +yet assumed important proportions, but by the evil consequences +of the Navigation Acts. The Virginia yeoman moved +on to other colonies because he found it impossible to maintain +himself at the current price of tobacco.</p> + +<p>The continuance of the movement, for it persisted for a +full half century, must be ascribed to the competition of negro +labor. Like the Roman peasant, the Virginia yeoman, to an +extent at least, found it impossible to maintain himself in the +face of slave competition. The servant, upon the expiration +of his term, no longer staked off his little farm and settled<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span> +down to a life of usefulness and industry. The poor planter +who had not yet fully established himself, sold or deserted his +fields and moved away in search of better opportunities and +higher returns.</p> + +<p>This migration was not the first of its kind in the English +colonies, for the movement of Massachusetts congregations +into the valley of the Connecticut antedated it by several decades. +Yet it furnishes an interesting illustration of the lack +of permanency in American life, of the facility with which +populations urged on by economic pressure of one kind or +another change localities. The great movement westward +over the Appalachian range which followed the War of 1812, +the pilgrimages of homesteaders to the northwest and the +Pacific coast, find their precedent in the exodus of these poor +families from the tobacco fields of Virginia.</p> + +<p>In the last decade of the Seventeenth century the migration +assumed such large proportions that the Board of Trade became +alarmed and directed Francis Nicholson to enquire into +its cause in order that steps might be taken to stop it. The +emigrant stream that directed itself northward did not halt +in eastern Maryland, for conditions there differed little from +those in Virginia itself. The settlers went on to the unoccupied +lands in the western part of the colony, or made their +way into Delaware or Pennsylvania. "The reason why inhabitants +leave this province," wrote Nicholson, while Governor +of Maryland, "is, I think, the encouragement which they +receive from the Carolinas, the Jerseys, and above all from +Pennsylvania, which is so nigh that it is easy to remove thither. +There handicraft tradesmen have encouragement when they +endeavor to set up woolen manufactures."<a name="FNanchor_8-11_351" id="FNanchor_8-11_351"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-11_351" class="fnanchor">[8-11]</a></p> + +<p>Although this explanation does not go to the root of the +matter, it was in part correct. The northern colonies held out +far greater opportunities for the poor man than the slave<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span> +choked fields of tidewater Maryland and Virginia. The industries +of Pennsylvania and Delaware and the Jerseys demanded +a certain degree of skill and yielded in return a very +fair living. In other words, the poor settlers in Virginia, +finding that tobacco culture was now based upon the cheap +labor of African slaves, moved away to other localities where +intelligence still brought an adequate reward.</p> + +<p>The Maryland House of Delegates, when asked to give +their opinion in this matter, thought that it was a desire to +escape the payment of debts which made some of the "meaner +inhabitants" seek shelter in Delaware Bay and the Carolinas. +They came nearer the real cause when they added that the +low price paid by the merchants for tobacco obliged many to +leave.<a name="FNanchor_8-12_352" id="FNanchor_8-12_352"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-12_352" class="fnanchor">[8-12]</a> Nicholson was not satisfied with this answer. "They +will not directly own," he wrote, "that setting up manufactures +and handicraft-trades in Pennsylvania, the large tracts of land +held by some persons here and the encouragement given to +illegal traders are the causes that make people leave this province. +They would have it that they wish to avoid the persecution +of their creditors, which causes them to shelter themselves +among the inhabitants of the Lower Counties of Delaware Bay +and of Carolina. The low price of tobacco has obliged many +of the planters to try their fortune elsewhere, and the currency +of money in Pennsylvania, which here is not, draws +them to that province from this."<a name="FNanchor_8-13_353" id="FNanchor_8-13_353"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-13_353" class="fnanchor">[8-13]</a></p> + +<p>In Virginia the difficulty of securing desirable land because +of the large tracts patented by rich planters was usually assigned +as the reason for the migration of poor families. This +view of the matter was taken by Edward Randolph, the man +who had won the undying hatred of the people of Massachusetts +by his attempts to enforce the Navigation Acts there and +by his attacks upon their charter. In 1696 Randolph did +Virginia the honor of a visit, and although encountering there<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> +none of the opposition which had so angered him in New +England, he sent to the Board of Trade a memorial concerning +the colony, criticising the government severely. "It should +be inquired into," he said, "how it comes to pass that the colony +(the first English settlement on the continent of America, begun +above 80 years ago) is not better inhabited, considering +what vast numbers of servants and others have yearly been +transported thither.... The chief and only reason is the +Inhabitants and Planters have been and at this time are discouraged +and hindered from planting tobacco in that colony, +and servants are not so willing to go there as formerly, because +the members of the Council and others, who make an +interest in the Government, have from time to time procured +grants of very large Tracts of land, so that there has not for +many years been any waste land to be taken up by those who +bring with them servants, or by such Servants, who have +served their time faithfully with their Masters, but it is taken +up and ingrossed beforehand, whereby they are forced to hyer +and pay a yearly rent for some of those Lands, or go to the +utmost bounds of the Colony for Land, exposed to danger +and often times proves the Occasion of Warr with the Indians."<a name="FNanchor_8-14_354" id="FNanchor_8-14_354"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-14_354" class="fnanchor">[8-14]</a></p> + +<p>For their large holdings the wealthy men paid not one penny +of quit rents, Randolph said, and failed to comply with the +regulations for seating new lands. The law demanded that +upon receipt of a patent one must build a house upon the +ground, improve and plant the soil and keep a good stock of +cattle or hogs. But in their frontier holdings the wealthy men +merely erected a little bark hut and turned two or three hogs +into the woods by it. Or else they would clear one acre of +land and plant a little Indian corn for one year, trusting that +this evasion would square them with the letter of the law. By +such means, Randolph adds, vast tracts were held, all of<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> +which had been procured on easy terms and much by means +of false certificates of rights. "Which drives away the inhabitants +and servants, brought up only to planting, to seek +their fortunes in Carolina or other places."<a name="FNanchor_8-15_355" id="FNanchor_8-15_355"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-15_355" class="fnanchor">[8-15]</a></p> + +<p>Randolph suggested that the evil might be remedied by requiring +a strict survey of lands in every county, by demanding +all arrears of quit rents, by giving strict orders that in the +future no grant should exceed 500 acres. These measures, +he believed, would cause 100,000 acres to revert to the Crown, +and "invite home those who for want of Land left Virginia." +It would encourage other persons to come from neighboring +colonies to take up holdings and "mightily increase the number +of Planters." This would augment the production of tobacco +by many thousands of hogsheads, stimulate trade and +industry in England, and aid his Majesty's revenue.</p> + +<p>The Board of Trade was deeply impressed. They wrote to +Governor Andros explaining to him the substance of Randolph's +report and asking what steps should be taken to remedy +the evils he had pointed out. "But this seeming to us a matter +of very great consequence," they added, "we have not been +willing to meddle in it without your advice, which we now +desire you to give fully and plainly." But Andros knew full +well that it was no easy matter to make the large landowners +disgorge. The thing had been attempted by Nicholson several +years earlier, when suit was instituted against Colonel Lawrence +Smith for arrears of quit rents upon tracts of land which +had never been under cultivation.<a name="FNanchor_8-16_356" id="FNanchor_8-16_356"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-16_356" class="fnanchor">[8-16]</a> But before the case came +to trial Nicholson had been recalled and it was afterward compounded +for a nominal sum. The proceedings had caused +great resentment among the powerful clique which centered +around the Council of State, and Andros was reluctant to reopen +the matter. He knew of no frauds in granting patents +of land, he wrote the Board, and could suggest no remedy<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> +for what was past, "being a matter of Property." He agreed, +however, that to limit the size of future patents would tend to +"the more regular planting and thicker seating of the frontier +lands."<a name="FNanchor_8-17_357" id="FNanchor_8-17_357"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-17_357" class="fnanchor">[8-17]</a></p> + +<p>Consequently when Francis Nicholson was commissioned as +Governor in 1698, he received strict instructions to advise +with the Council and the Assembly upon this matter and to +report back to the Board.<a name="FNanchor_8-18_358" id="FNanchor_8-18_358"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-18_358" class="fnanchor">[8-18]</a> That nothing was accomplished, +however, may clearly be inferred from a letter of a certain +George Larkin written December 22, 1701. "There is no encouragement +for anyone to come to the Plantation," he declared, +"most of the land lying at all convenient being taken +up. Some have 20,000, 30,000 or 40,000 acres, the greater +part of which is unimployed."<a name="FNanchor_8-19_359" id="FNanchor_8-19_359"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-19_359" class="fnanchor">[8-19]</a> Two years later Nicholson +himself wrote that certain recent grants were for ten or twenty +thousand acres each, so that privileged persons had engrossed +all the good land in those parts, by which means they kept +others from settling it or else made them pay for it.<a name="FNanchor_8-20_360" id="FNanchor_8-20_360"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-20_360" class="fnanchor">[8-20]</a></p> + +<p>Despite all the concern which this matter created, it is +doubtful whether it was to any appreciable extent responsible +for the continued emigration of poor families. The mere +granting of patents for large tracts of land could not of itself +fix the economic structure of the colony, could not, if all other +conditions were favorable, prevent the establishment of small +freeholds. Rather than have their fields lie idle while the +poor men who should have been cultivating them trooped out +of the colony, the rich would gladly have sold them in small +parcels at nominal prices. In the first half century after the +settlement at Jamestown, as we have seen, such a breakup of +extensive holdings into little farms actually occurred. Had +similar conditions prevailed in the later period a like development +would have followed. But in 1630 or 1650, when slaves +were seldom employed and when tobacco was high, the poor<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> +man's toil yielded a return so large that he could well afford +to purchase a little farm and make himself independent. In +1680 or 1700, in the face of the competition of slave labor, +he was almost helpless. Even had he found a bit of unoccupied +ground to which he could secure a title, he could not make it +yield enough to sustain him and his family.<a name="FNanchor_8-21_361" id="FNanchor_8-21_361"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-21_361" class="fnanchor">[8-21]</a></p> + +<p>In 1728 Governor Gooch wrote the Board of Trade that the +former belief that large holdings of frontier land had been an +impediment to settlement was entirely erroneous. It was his +opinion, in fact, that extensive grants made it to the interest +of the owners to bring in settlers and so populate the country. +In confirmation of this he pointed to the fact that Spotsylvania +country, where many large patents had been issued, had filled +up more rapidly than Brunswick, where they had been restricted +in size.<a name="FNanchor_8-22_362" id="FNanchor_8-22_362"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-22_362" class="fnanchor">[8-22]</a></p> + +<p>In the first decade of the new century the emigration out +of the tobacco colonies continued without abatement. With +another disastrous decline in the price of tobacco following the +outbreak of the wars of Charles XII and Louis XIV, so many +families moved over the border that the Board of Trade, once +more becoming seriously alarmed, questioned the Council as +to the causes of the evil and what steps should be taken to +remedy it. In their reply the Councillors repeated the old +arguments, declaring that the lack of land in Virginia and +the immunity of debtors from prosecution in the proprietory +colonies were responsible for the movement. But they touched +the heart of the matter in their further statement that the great +stream of negroes that was pouring into the colony had so increased +the size of the tobacco crop that prices had declined +and the poor found it difficult to subsist. Not only "servants +just free go to North Carolina," they wrote, "but old planters +whose farms are worn out."<a name="FNanchor_8-23_363" id="FNanchor_8-23_363"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-23_363" class="fnanchor">[8-23]</a></p> + +<p>A year later President Jennings stated that the migration<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> +was continuing and that during the summer of 1709 "many +entire families" had moved out of the colony.<a name="FNanchor_8-24_364" id="FNanchor_8-24_364"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-24_364" class="fnanchor">[8-24]</a> In fact, although +but few indentured servants arrived from England +after the first decade of the century, poor whites were still +departing for the north or for western Carolina so late as 1730. +William Byrd II tells us that in 1728, when he was running +the dividing line between Virginia and North Carolina, he +was entertained by a man who "was lately removed, Bag and +Baggage from Maryland, thro a strong Antipathy he had to +work and paying his Debts." Indeed he thought it a "thorough +Aversion to Labor" which made "People file off to North +Carolina."<a name="FNanchor_8-25_365" id="FNanchor_8-25_365"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-25_365" class="fnanchor">[8-25]</a></p> + +<p>It is impossible to estimate the numbers involved in this +movement, but they must have run into the thousands. For +a full half century a large proportion of the white immigrants +to Virginia seem to have remained there for a comparatively +short time only, then to pass on to other settlements. And the +migration to Virginia during these years we know to have +comprised not less than thirty or thirty-five thousand persons. +In fact, it would seem that this movement out of the older +colony must have been a very important factor in the peopling +of its neighbors, not only western Carolina and western Maryland, +but Delaware and Pennsylvania.</p> + +<p>Though many thus fled before the stream of negroes +which poured in from Africa, others remained behind to fight +for their little plantations. Yet they waged a losing battle. +Those who found it possible to purchase slaves, even one or +two, could ride upon the black tide, but the others slowly sank +beneath it.</p> + +<p>During the first half of the Eighteenth century the poor +whites sought to offset the cheapness of slave made tobacco +by producing themselves only the highest grades. The traders +who dealt in the finest Orinoco, which brought the best prices,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span> +found it not upon the plantations of the wealthy, but of those +who tended their plants with their own hands. "I must beg +you to remember that the common people make the best," wrote +Governor Gooch to the Lords of Trade in 1731.<a name="FNanchor_8-26_366" id="FNanchor_8-26_366"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-26_366" class="fnanchor">[8-26]</a></p> + +<p>In fact, the wealthy planter, with his newly acquired gangs +of slaves, found it difficult at this time to produce any save +the lower grades of tobacco. The African was yet too savage, +too untutored in the ways of civilization to be utilized for +anything like intensive cultivation. "Though they may plant +more in quantity," wrote Gooch, "yet it frequently proves very +mean stuff, different from the Tobacco produced from well improved +and well tended Grounds." "Yet the rich Man's trash +will always damp the Market," he adds, "and spoil the poor +Man's good Tobacco which has been carefully managed."<a name="FNanchor_8-27_367" id="FNanchor_8-27_367"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-27_367" class="fnanchor">[8-27]</a> +Thus the small farmer made one last desperate effort to save +himself by pitting his superior intelligence against the cheapness +of slave labor.</p> + +<p>But his case was hopeless. As slavery became more and +more fixed upon the colony, the negro gradually increased in +efficiency. He learned to speak his master's language, brokenly +of course, but well enough for all practical purposes. He +was placed under the tutelage of overseers, who taught him +the details of his work and saw that he did it. He became +a civilized being, thoroughly drilled in the one task required +of him, the task of producing tobacco. Thus the rich planter +soon found it possible to cultivate successfully the higher +grades, and so to drive from his last rampart the white freeholder +whose crop was tended by himself alone.</p> + +<p>Placed at so great a disadvantage, the poor man, at all times +in very difficult circumstances, found it almost impossible to +exist whenever conditions in Europe sent the price of tobacco +down. In the years from 1706 to 1714, when the tobacco +trade was interrupted by the wars of Charles XII in the Baltic<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span> +region and the protracted struggle known as the War of the +Spanish Succession, he was reduced to the utmost extremities.</p> + +<p>Virginia and Maryland were learning that a prosperity +founded upon one crop which commanded a world market was +in unsettled times subject to serious setbacks. It was a long +cry from the James and the Potomac to the Baltic ports, yet +the welfare of the Virginia and Maryland planters was in no +small degree dependent upon the maintenance of peaceful conditions +in Poland and Sweden and Russia. A war which +seriously curtailed the exportation of English leaf to the +northern countries would inevitably react on the price and so +bring misfortune to the colonial planters. When called before +the Board of Trade to testify as to the decay of the tobacco +trade, the manufacturer John Linton declared that the Baltic +countries, which formerly had purchased thousands of hogsheads +a year, now took comparatively few. "The Russian +trade is ruined," he said.<a name="FNanchor_8-28_368" id="FNanchor_8-28_368"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-28_368" class="fnanchor">[8-28]</a></p> + +<p>The war against France and Spain, coming at this unfortunate +juncture, still further restricted the market, sent prices +down to new depths and filled to overflowing the planters' +cup of misfortune. "The war has stopped the trade with +Spain, France, Flanders and part of the Baltic," Colonel Quary +reported in a memorial to the Board of Trade, "which took off +yearly 20,000 hogsheads of tobacco. Now our best foreign +market is Holland."<a name="FNanchor_8-29_369" id="FNanchor_8-29_369"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-29_369" class="fnanchor">[8-29]</a> The pamphlet entitled <i>The Present +State of the Tobacco Plantations in America</i> stated, in 1708, +that France and Spain alone had imported 20,000 hogsheads, +but that both were now otherwise supplied. "The troubles in +Sweden, Poland, Russia, etc., have prevented the usual exportation +of great quantities to those ports. Virginia and +Maryland have severely felt the loss of such exportation, having +so far reduced the planters that for several years past the +whole product of their tobacco would hardly clothe the servants +that made it."<a name="FNanchor_8-30_370" id="FNanchor_8-30_370"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-30_370" class="fnanchor">[8-30]</a></p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span></p><p>Their misfortunes were accentuated by the fact that the +Dutch took advantage of the European upheavals to gain control +of a part of the tobacco trade. Upon the outbreak of the +war with Louis XIV, England prohibited the exportation of +tobacco either to France or to Spain, but Holland, despite her +participation in the struggle, apparently took no such action. +On the contrary she strained every nerve to entrench herself +in the markets of her ally before peace should once more open +the flood gates to Virginia and Maryland tobacco. With this +in view the acreage in Holland devoted to the cultivation of +the leaf was rapidly extended. "The Dutch are improving and +increasing their tobacco plantations," wrote John Linton in +1706. "In 1701 they produced only 18,000 hogsheads. Last +year it was 33,500 hogsheads." Plantations at Nimwegen, +Rhenen, Amersfoort and Nijkerk turned out 13,400,000 +pounds, while great quantities were raised on the Main, in +Higher Germany and in Prussia.<a name="FNanchor_8-31_371" id="FNanchor_8-31_371"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-31_371" class="fnanchor">[8-31]</a></p> + +<p>The Dutch mixed their own leaf with that of Virginia and +Maryland in the proportion of four to one, subjected it to a +process of manufacture and sent it out to all the European +markets.<a name="FNanchor_8-32_372" id="FNanchor_8-32_372"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-32_372" class="fnanchor">[8-32]</a> In 1707 a letter to John Linton stated that they +had from thirty to forty houses for "making up tobacco in +rolls," employing 4,000 men, besides great numbers of women +and girls. Their Baltic exports were estimated at 12,350,000 +pounds; 2,500,000 pounds to Norway, 1,500,000 to Jutland +and Denmark, 4,000,000 to Sweden, 2,350,000 to Lapland, +2,000,000 to Danzig and Königsberg.<a name="FNanchor_8-33_373" id="FNanchor_8-33_373"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-33_373" class="fnanchor">[8-33]</a></p> + +<p>With the continuation of the war on the continent Dutch +competition became stronger and stronger. In 1714, when +peace was at last in prospect, they seemed thoroughly entrenched +in many of the markets formerly supplied by the +English. "The planting of tobacco in Holland, Germany, +Etc.," it was reported to the Board of Trade, "is increased to<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> +above four times what it was 20 years ago, and amounts now +to as much as is made in both Virginia and Maryland." The +tobacco trade, which had formerly produced some £250,000 +in the balance of trade, had declined to about half that figure, +exports of manufactured goods to the Chesapeake were rapidly +dwindling, the number of ships engaged in carrying tobacco +was greatly reduced, the merchants were impoverished, the +planters were ruined.<a name="FNanchor_8-34_374" id="FNanchor_8-34_374"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-34_374" class="fnanchor">[8-34]</a></p> + +<p>"It is hardly possible to imagine a more miserable spectacle +than the poorer sort of inhabitants in this colony," the Council +wrote in 1713, "whose labour in tobacco has not for several +years afforded them clothing to shelter them from the violent +colds as well as heats to both which this climate is subject in +the several seasons. The importation of British and other +European commodities by the merchants, whereby the planters +were formerly well supplied with clothing, is now in a manner +wholly left off and the small supplies still ventured sold at +such prodigeous rates as they please. Many families formerly +well clothed and their houses well furnished are now reduced +to rags and all the visible marks of poverty."<a name="FNanchor_8-35_375" id="FNanchor_8-35_375"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-35_375" class="fnanchor">[8-35]</a></p> + +<p>This unfortunate period was but temporary. With the conclusion +of peace English tobacco was dumped upon the European +market at a figure so low as to defy competition. And +when once the hogsheads began to move, the reaction on Virginia +and Maryland was rapid and pronounced. Soon prices +rose again to the old levels, and the colony entered upon a +period, for the larger planters at least, of unprecedented prosperity.<a name="FNanchor_8-36_376" id="FNanchor_8-36_376"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-36_376" class="fnanchor">[8-36]</a> +But the eight years of hardship and poverty made +a lasting imprint upon the poorest class of whites. Coming +as they did upon the heels of the first great wave of negro +immigration, they accelerated the movement of the disrupting +forces already at work. It was not by accident that the largest +migration of whites to other settlements occurred just at this<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> +time and that the inquiries as to its cause are most frequent. +The little planter class never fully recovered from the blow +dealt it by the temporary loss of the larger part of the European +tobacco trade.</p> + +<p>The small freeholders who possessed neither servants nor +slaves did not disappear entirely, but they gradually declined +in numbers and sank into abject poverty. During the period +of Spotswood's administration they still constituted a large +part of the population. The tax list for 1716 in Lancaster, +one of the older counties, shows that of 314 persons listed as +tithables, 202 paid for themselves only.<a name="FNanchor_8-37_377" id="FNanchor_8-37_377"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-37_377" class="fnanchor">[8-37]</a> Making ample deductions +for persons not owning land it would appear that more +than half the planters at this date still tilled their fields only +with their own labor. At the time of the American Revolution, +however, the situation had changed materially, and a decided +dwindling of the poor farmer class is noticeable. In +Gloucester county the tax lists for 1782-83 show 490 white +families, of which 320 were in possession of slaves. Of the +170 heads of families who possessed no negroes, since no +doubt some were overseers, some artisans, some professional +men, it is probable that not more than eighty or ninety were +proprietors.<a name="FNanchor_8-38_378" id="FNanchor_8-38_378"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-38_378" class="fnanchor">[8-38]</a> In Spotsylvania county similar conditions are +noted. Of 704 tithable whites listed in 1783 all save 199 +possessed slaves.<a name="FNanchor_8-39_379" id="FNanchor_8-39_379"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-39_379" class="fnanchor">[8-39]</a> In Dinwiddie county, in the year 1782, of +843 tithable whites, 210 only were not slave holders.<a name="FNanchor_8-40_380" id="FNanchor_8-40_380"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-40_380" class="fnanchor">[8-40]</a> Apparently +the Virginia yeoman, the sturdy, independent farmer +of the Seventeenth century, who tilled his little holding with +his own hands, had become an insignificant factor in the life of +the colony. The glorious promises which the country had +held out to him in the first fifty years of its existence had +been belied. The Virginia which had formerly been so largely +the land of the little farmer, had become the land of masters +and slaves. For aught else there was no room.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span></p><p>Before the end of the Eighteenth century the condition of +the poorest class had become pitiable. The French philosopher +Chastellux who spent much time in Virginia during the American +Revolution testifies to their extreme misery. "It is there +that I saw poor persons for the first time since crossing the +ocean," he says. "In truth, near these rich plantations, in +which the negro alone is unhappy, are often found miserable +huts inhabited by whites whose wan faces and ragged garments +give testimony to their poverty."<a name="FNanchor_8-41_381" id="FNanchor_8-41_381"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-41_381" class="fnanchor">[8-41]</a></p> + +<p>Philip Fithian, in his <i>Journal</i>, describes the habits of this +class and is vigorous in his condemnation of the brutal fights +which were so common among them. "In my opinion animals +which seek after and relish such odius and filthy amusements +are not of the human species," he says, "they are destitute of +the remotest pretension of humanity."<a name="FNanchor_8-42_382" id="FNanchor_8-42_382"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-42_382" class="fnanchor">[8-42]</a> Even the negroes of +the wealthy regarded these persons with contempt, a contempt +which they were at no pains to conceal.</p> + +<p>The traveller Smyth thought them "kind, hospitable and +generous," but "illiberal, noisy and rude," and much "addicted +to inebriety and averse to labor." This class, he says, "who +ever compose the bulk of mankind, are in Virginia more few +in numbers, in proportion to the rest of the inhabitants, than +perhaps in any other country in the universe."<a name="FNanchor_8-43_383" id="FNanchor_8-43_383"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-43_383" class="fnanchor">[8-43]</a></p> + +<p>But it must not be imagined that slavery drove out or ruined +the entire class of small farmers, leaving Virginia alone to the +wealthy. In fact, most of those who were firmly established +remained, finding their salvation in themselves purchasing +slaves. Few indeed had been able to avail themselves of the +labor of indentured servants; the cost of transportation was +too heavy, the term too short, the chances of sickness or desertion +too great. But with the influx of thousands of negroes, +the more enterprising and industrious of the poor planters +quite frequently made purchases. Although the initial outlay<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span> +was greater, they could secure credit by pledging their farms +and their crops, and in the end the investment usually paid +handsome dividends and many who could not raise the money +to buy a full grown negro, often found it possible to secure a +child, which in time would become a valuable asset.</p> + +<p>This movement may readily be traced by an examination of +the tax lists and county records of the Eighteenth century. In +Lancaster even so early as 1716 we find that the bulk of the +slaves were in the hands, not of wealthy proprietors, but of +comparatively poor persons. Of the 314 taxpayers listed, 113 +paid for themselves alone, 94 for two only, 37 for three, 22 +for four, thirteen for five, while thirty-five paid for more +than five. As there were but few servants in the colony at +this time it may be taken for granted that the larger part of +the tithables paid for by others were negro slaves. It would +seem, then, that of some 200 slave owners in this country, +about 165 possessed from one to four negroes only. There +were but four persons listed as having more than twenty slaves, +William Ball with 22, Madam Fox with 23, William Fox +with 25 and Robert Carter with 126.<a name="FNanchor_8-44_384" id="FNanchor_8-44_384"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-44_384" class="fnanchor">[8-44]</a></p> + +<p>Nor did the class of little slave holders melt away as time +passed. In fact they continued to constitute the bulk of the +white population of Virginia for a century and a half, from the +beginning of the Eighteenth century until the conquest of the +State by Federal troops in 1865. Thus we find that of 633 +slave owners in Dinwiddie county in 1782, 95 had one only, +66 had two, 71 three, 45 four, 50 five, making an aggregate +of 327, or more than half of all the slave holders, who possessed +from one to five negroes.<a name="FNanchor_8-45_385" id="FNanchor_8-45_385"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-45_385" class="fnanchor">[8-45]</a> In Spotsylvania there were, +in 1783, 505 slave owners, of whom 78 possessed one each, +54 two, 44 three, 41 four, and 30 five each. Thus 247, or +nearly 49 per cent of the slave holders, had from one to five +slaves only. One hundred and sixteen, or 23 per cent, had<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> +from six to ten inclusive.<a name="FNanchor_8-46_386" id="FNanchor_8-46_386"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-46_386" class="fnanchor">[8-46]</a> The Gloucester lists for 1783 +show similar conditions. There were in this country 320 slave +holders, having 3,314 negroes, an average of about 10-1/3 for +each owner. Fifty had one each, 41 had two each, 9 had three, +30 had four and twenty-six had five. Thus 156, or about half +of all the owners, had from one to five slaves.<a name="FNanchor_8-47_387" id="FNanchor_8-47_387"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-47_387" class="fnanchor">[8-47]</a> In Princess +Anne county, of a total of 388 slave owners, 100 had one each, +56 had two each and forty-five had three each.<a name="FNanchor_8-48_388" id="FNanchor_8-48_388"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-48_388" class="fnanchor">[8-48]</a></p> + +<p>Records of transfers of land tend to substantiate this testimony, +by showing that the average holdings at all times in the +Eighteenth century were comparatively small. In the years +from 1722 to 1729 Spotsylvania was a new county, just +opened to settlers, and a large part of its area had been granted +in large tracts to wealthy patentees. Yet the deed book for +these years shows that it was actually settled, not by these men +themselves, but by a large number of poor planters. Of the +197 transfers of land recorded, 44 were for 100 acres or less +and 110 for 300 acres or less. The average deed was for 487 +acres. As some of the transfers were obviously made for +speculative purposes and not with the intent of putting the +land under cultivation, even this figure is misleading. The +average farm during the period was probably not in excess +of 400 acres. One of the most extensive dealers in land in +Spotsylvania was Larkin Chew who secured a patent for a +large tract and later broke it up into many small holdings +which were sold to new settlers.<a name="FNanchor_8-49_389" id="FNanchor_8-49_389"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-49_389" class="fnanchor">[8-49]</a></p> + +<p>This substitution of the small slave holder for the man who +used only his own labor in the cultivation of his land unquestionably +saved the class of small proprietors from destruction. +Without it all would have been compelled to give up their +holdings in order to seek their fortunes elsewhere, or sink to +the condition of "poor white trash." Yet the movement was +in many ways unfortunate. It made the poor man less industrious<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span> +and thrifty. Formerly he had known that he could +win nothing except by the sweat of his brow, but now he was +inclined to let the negro do the work. Slavery cast a stigma +upon labor which proved almost as harmful to the poor white +man as did negro competition. Work in the tobacco fields was +recognized as distinctly the task of an inferior race, a task not +in keeping with the dignity of freemen.</p> + +<p>Jefferson states that few indeed of the slave owners were +ever seen to work. "For in a warm climate," he adds, "no +man will labour for himself who can make another labour for +him."<a name="FNanchor_8-50_390" id="FNanchor_8-50_390"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-50_390" class="fnanchor">[8-50]</a> Chastellux noted the same tendency, declaring "that +the indolence and dissipation of the middling and lower +classes of white inhabitants of Virginia is such as to give pain +to every reflecting mind."<a name="FNanchor_8-51_391" id="FNanchor_8-51_391"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-51_391" class="fnanchor">[8-51]</a></p> + +<p>Slavery developed in the small farmers a spirit of pride +and haughtiness that was unknown to them in the Seventeenth +century. Every man, no matter how poor, was surrounded by +those to whom he felt himself superior, and this gave him a +certain self-esteem. Smyth spoke of the middle class as generous, +friendly and hospitable in the extreme, but possessing +a rudeness and haughtiness which was the result of their +"general intercourse with slaves."<a name="FNanchor_8-52_392" id="FNanchor_8-52_392"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-52_392" class="fnanchor">[8-52]</a> Beverley described them +as haughty and jealous of their liberties, and so impatient of +restraint that they could hardly bear the thought of being controlled +by any superior power. Hugh Jones, Anbury, Fithian +and other Eighteenth century writers all confirm this testimony.</p> + +<p>Despite the persistence of the small slave holder it is obvious +that there were certain forces at work tending to increase +the number of well-to-do and wealthy planters. Now +that the labor problem, which in the Seventeenth century had +proved so perplexing, had finally been solved, there was no +limit to the riches that might be acquired by business acumen,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> +industry and good management. And as in the modern industrial +world the large corporation has many advantages +over the smaller firms, so in colonial Virginia the most economical +way of producing tobacco was upon the large plantations.</p> + +<p>The wealthy man had the advantage of buying and selling +in bulk, he enjoyed excellent credit and could thus often afford +to withhold his crop from the market when prices were momentarily +unfavorable, he could secure the best agricultural instruments. +Most important of all, however, was the fact that +he could utilize the resources of his plantation for the production +of crude manufactured supplies, thus to a certain extent +freeing himself from dependence upon British imports +and keeping his slaves at work during all seasons of the year. +Before the Eighteenth century had reached its fifth decade +every large plantation had become to a remarkable degree self-sustaining. +Each numbered among its working force various +kinds of mechanics—coopers, blacksmiths, tanners, carpenters, +shoemakers, distillers. These men could be set to work whenever +the claims of the tobacco crop upon their time were not +imperative producing many of the coarser articles required +upon the plantation, articles which the poor farmer had to import +from England. For this work white men were at first +almost universally made use of, but in time their places were +taken by slaves. "Several of them are taught to be sawyers, +carpenters, smiths, coopers, &c.," says the historian Hugh +Jones, "though for the most part they be none of the aptest +or nicest."<a name="FNanchor_8-53_393" id="FNanchor_8-53_393"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-53_393" class="fnanchor">[8-53]</a></p> + +<p>The carpenter was kept busy constructing barns and servants' +quarters, or repairing stables, fences, gates and wagons. +The blacksmith was called upon to shoe horses, to keep in +order ploughs, hinges, sickles, saws, perhaps even to forge +outright such rough iron ware as nails, chains and hoes. The<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span> +cooper made casks in which to ship the tobacco crop, barrels +for flour and vats for brandy and cider. The tanner prepared +leather for the plantation and the cobbler fashioned it into +shoes for the slaves. Sometimes there were spinners, weavers +and knitters who made coarse cloth both for clothing and +for bedding. The distiller every season made an abundant +supply of cider, as well as apple, peach and persimmon brandy.</p> + +<p>And the plantation itself provided the materials for this +varied manufacture. The woods of pine, chestnut and oak +yielded timber for houses and fuel for the smithy. The herd +of cattle supplied hides for the tanner. The cloth makers got +cotton, flax and hemp from the planter's own fields, and wool +from his sheep. His orchard furnished apples, grapes, peaches +in quantities ample for all the needs of the distiller. In other +words, the large planter could utilize advantageously the resources +at hand in a manner impossible for his neighbor who +could boast of but a small farm and half a score of slaves.<a name="FNanchor_8-54_394" id="FNanchor_8-54_394"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-54_394" class="fnanchor">[8-54]</a></p> + +<p>It was inevitable, then, that the widespread use of slave +labor would result in the gradual multiplication of well-to-do +and wealthy men. In the Seventeenth century not one planter +in fifty could be classed as a man of wealth, and even so late +as 1704 the number of the well-to-do was very narrowly limited. +In a report to the Lords of Trade written in that year +Colonel Quary stated that upon each of the four great rivers +of Virginia there resided from "ten to thirty men who by +trade and industry had gotten very competent estates."<a name="FNanchor_8-55_395" id="FNanchor_8-55_395"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-55_395" class="fnanchor">[8-55]</a> +Fifty years later the number had multiplied several times over.</p> + +<p>Thus in Gloucester county in 1783, of 320 slave holders no +less than 57 had sixteen or more. Of these one possessed 162, +one 138, one 93, one 86, one 63, one 58, two 57, one 56, one +43 and one 40.<a name="FNanchor_8-56_396" id="FNanchor_8-56_396"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-56_396" class="fnanchor">[8-56]</a> In Spotsylvania, of 505 owners, 76 had sixteen +or more. Of these Mann Page, Esq., had 157, Mrs. +Mary Daingerfield had 71, William Daingerfield 61, Alexander<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span> +Spotswood 60, William Jackson 49, George Stubblefield 42, +Frances Marewither 40, William Jones 39.<a name="FNanchor_8-57_397" id="FNanchor_8-57_397"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-57_397" class="fnanchor">[8-57]</a></p> + +<p>The Dinwiddie tax lists for 1783 show that of 633 slave +holders, no less than 60 had twenty-one or more negroes. +Among the more important of these were Robert Turnbull +with 81, Colonel John Banister with 88, Colonel William +Diggs with 72, John Jones with 69, Mrs. Mary Bolling with +51, Robert Walker with 52, Winfield Mason with 40, John +Burwell with 42, Gray Briggs with 43, William Yates with +55, Richard Taliaferro with 43, Major Thomas Scott with +57, Francis Muir with 47.<a name="FNanchor_8-58_398" id="FNanchor_8-58_398"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-58_398" class="fnanchor">[8-58]</a> The wealth of the larger planters +is also shown by the large number of coaches recorded in +these lists, which including phaetons, chariots and chairs, aggregated +180 wheels.</p> + +<p>Thus it was that the doors of opportunity opened wide to +the enterprising and industrious of the middle class, and many +availed themselves of it to acquire both wealth and influence. +Smyth tells us that at the close of the colonial period there +were many planters whose fortunes were "superior to some +of the first rank," but whose families were "not so ancient +nor respectable."<a name="FNanchor_8-59_399" id="FNanchor_8-59_399"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-59_399" class="fnanchor">[8-59]</a> It was the observation of Anbury that +gentlemen of good estates were more numerous in Virginia +than in any other province of America.<a name="FNanchor_8-60_400" id="FNanchor_8-60_400"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-60_400" class="fnanchor">[8-60]</a></p> + +<p>In fact the Eighteenth century was the golden age of the +Virginia slave holders. It was then that they built the handsome +homes once so numerous in the older counties, many +of which still remain as interesting monuments of former +days; it was then that they surrounded themselves with graceful +furniture and costly silverware, in large part imported +from Great Britain; it was then that they collected paintings +and filled their libraries with the works of standard writers; +it was then that they purchased coaches and berlins; it was<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span> +then that men and women alike wore rich and expensive +clothing.</p> + +<p>This movement tended to widen the influence of the aristocracy +and at the same time to eliminate any sharp line of demarkation +between it and the small slave holders. There was +now only a gradual descent from the wealthiest to the poor +man who had but one slave. The Spotsylvania tax lists for +1783 show 247 slaveholders owning from one to five negroes, +116 owning from six to ten inclusive, 66 owning from eleven +to fifteen inclusive, and seventy-six owning more than fifteen.<a name="FNanchor_8-61_401" id="FNanchor_8-61_401"></a><a href="#Footnote_8-61_401" class="fnanchor">[8-61]</a> +In Gloucester 156 had from one to five slaves, 66 from +five to ten inclusive, 41 from eleven to fifteen inclusive, and +fifty-seven over fifteen. Thus in a very true sense the old +servant holding aristocracy had given way to a vastly larger +slave holding aristocracy.</p> + +<p>It is this fact which explains the decline in power and influence +of the Council in Virginia, which was so notable in +the Eighteenth century. This body had formerly been representative +of a small clique of families so distinct from the +other planters and possessed of such power in the government +as to rival the nobility of England itself. Now, however, +as this distinction disappeared, the Council sank in prestige +because it represented nothing, while the House of Burgesses +became the mouthpiece of the entire slave holding class, +and thus the real power in the colonial Government.</p> + +<p>Historians have often expressed surprise at the small number +of Tories in Virginia during the American Revolution. +The aristocratic type of society would naturally lead one to +suppose that a large proportion of the leading families would +have remained loyal to the Crown. Yet with very few exceptions +all supported the cause of freedom and independence, +even though conscious of the fact that by so doing they were +jeopardizing not only the tobacco trade which was the basis<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span> +of their wealth, but the remnants of their social and political +privileges in the colony. When the British Ministry tried to +wring from the hands of the Assembly the all-important control +over taxation which all knew to be the very foundation +of colonial self-government, every planter, the largest as well +as the smallest, felt himself aggrieved, for this body was the +depository of his power and the guardian of his interests. A +hundred years before, when the commons rose against the +oppression and tyranny of the Government, the wealthy men +rallied to the support of Sir William Berkeley and remained +loyal to him throughout all his troubles. In 1775 there was +no such division of the people; the planters were almost a +unit in the defense of rights which all held in common.</p> + +<p>It is obvious, then, that slavery worked a profound revolution +in the social, economic and political life of the colony. +It practically destroyed the Virginia yeomanry, the class of +small planters who used neither negroes nor servants in the +cultivation of their fields, the class which produced the bulk +of the tobacco during the Seventeenth century and constituted +the chief strength of the colony. Some it drove into exile, +either to the remote frontiers or to other colonies; some it reduced +to extreme poverty; some it caused to purchase slaves +and so at one step to enter the exclusive class of those who +had others to labor for them. Thus it transformed Virginia +from a land of hardworking, independent peasants, to a land +of slaves and slave holders. The small freeholder was not +destroyed, as was his prototype of ancient Rome, but he was +subjected to a change which was by no means fortunate or +wholesome. The wealthy class, which had formerly consisted +of a narrow clique closely knit together by family ties, was +transformed into a numerous body, while all sharp line of demarkation +between it and the poorer slave holders was wiped +out. In short, the Virginia of the Eighteenth century, the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> +Virginia of Gooch and Dinwiddie and Washington and Jefferson, +was fundamentally different from the Virginia of the +Seventeenth century, the Virginia of Sir William Berkeley and +Nathaniel Bacon. Slavery had wrought within the borders of +the Old Dominion a profound and far reaching revolution.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span></p> +<h2>NOTES TO CHAPTERS</h2> + + +<p class="sec">NOTES TO CHAPTER I</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-1_1" id="Footnote_1-1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-1_1"><span class="label">[1-1]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. III, A True Declaration, +p. 25.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-2_2" id="Footnote_1-2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-2_2"><span class="label">[1-2]</span></a> Purchas, Vol. XVIII, pp. 437-438.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-3_3" id="Footnote_1-3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-3_3"><span class="label">[1-3]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. III, A True Declaration, +p. 23.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-4_4" id="Footnote_1-4_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-4_4"><span class="label">[1-4]</span></a> Alexander Brown, The Genesis of the United States, Vol. +I, p. 37.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-5_5" id="Footnote_1-5_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-5_5"><span class="label">[1-5]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. I, Nova Brittania, +pp. 21-22.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-6_6" id="Footnote_1-6_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-6_6"><span class="label">[1-6]</span></a> Hakluyt, Discourse, pp. 89-90.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-7_7" id="Footnote_1-7_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-7_7"><span class="label">[1-7]</span></a> Hakluyt, Discourse, p. 105.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-8_8" id="Footnote_1-8_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-8_8"><span class="label">[1-8]</span></a> Hakluyt, Discourse, p. 31.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-9_9" id="Footnote_1-9_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-9_9"><span class="label">[1-9]</span></a> Hakluyt, Discourse, pp. 14-15.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-10_10" id="Footnote_1-10_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-10_10"><span class="label">[1-10]</span></a> Alexander Brown, The First Republic in America, p. 49.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-11_11" id="Footnote_1-11_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-11_11"><span class="label">[1-11]</span></a> Alexander Brown, The Genesis of the United States, Vol. I, +p. 349; Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. I, Nova Brittania, +pp. 16-17.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-12_12" id="Footnote_1-12_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-12_12"><span class="label">[1-12]</span></a> Alexander Brown, The Genesis of the United States, Vol. I, +p. 239.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-13_13" id="Footnote_1-13_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-13_13"><span class="label">[1-13]</span></a> Alexander Brown, The Genesis of the United States, Vol. I, +p. 202.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-14_14" id="Footnote_1-14_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-14_14"><span class="label">[1-14]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 445.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-15_15" id="Footnote_1-15_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-15_15"><span class="label">[1-15]</span></a> Neill, The Virginia Company of London, p. 338.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-16_16" id="Footnote_1-16_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-16_16"><span class="label">[1-16]</span></a> Randolph Manuscript, p. 212.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-17_17" id="Footnote_1-17_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-17_17"><span class="label">[1-17]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 440; +Alexander Brown, The Genesis of the United States, Vol. I, p. +239.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-18_18" id="Footnote_1-18_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-18_18"><span class="label">[1-18]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 441.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1-19_19" id="Footnote_1-19_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1-19_19"><span class="label">[1-19]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 443.</p></div> + + +<p class="sec">NOTES TO CHAPTER II</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-1_20" id="Footnote_2-1_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-1_20"><span class="label">[2-1]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, p. 161; +Alexander Brown, The First Republic in America, p. 232.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-2_21" id="Footnote_2-2_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-2_21"><span class="label">[2-2]</span></a> William Strachey, Historie of Travaile into Virginia Britannia, +p. 121; P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. +I, p. 162.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-3_22" id="Footnote_2-3_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-3_22"><span class="label">[2-3]</span></a> Ralph Hamor, True Discourse, pp. 24, 34.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-4_23" id="Footnote_2-4_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-4_23"><span class="label">[2-4]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Origins of the British Colonial System, p. 79.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-5_24" id="Footnote_2-5_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-5_24"><span class="label">[2-5]</span></a> Edward Arber, The Works of Captain John Smith, p. 535.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-6_25" id="Footnote_2-6_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-6_25"><span class="label">[2-6]</span></a> Alexander Brown, The First Republic in America, p. 268.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-7_26" id="Footnote_2-7_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-7_26"><span class="label">[2-7]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Origins of the British Colonial System, p. 87.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-8_27" id="Footnote_2-8_27"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-8_27"><span class="label">[2-8]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Origins of the British Colonial System, p. 81.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-9_28" id="Footnote_2-9_28"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-9_28"><span class="label">[2-9]</span></a> Alexander Brown, The First Republic in America, p. 268.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-10_29" id="Footnote_2-10_29"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-10_29"><span class="label">[2-10]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. IX, pp. +40-41.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-11_30" id="Footnote_2-11_30"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-11_30"><span class="label">[2-11]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. IX, pp. +176-177.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-12_31" id="Footnote_2-12_31"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-12_31"><span class="label">[2-12]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 416.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-13_32" id="Footnote_2-13_32"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-13_32"><span class="label">[2-13]</span></a> Alexander Brown, The Genesis of the United States, Vol. I, +pp. 355-356.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-14_33" id="Footnote_2-14_33"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-14_33"><span class="label">[2-14]</span></a> The lack of towns in Virginia was a source of great regret +to the English Government, and more than once attempts were +made to create them by artificial means.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-15_34" id="Footnote_2-15_34"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-15_34"><span class="label">[2-15]</span></a> Even at the end of the Seventeenth century the average price +for land in the older counties was about thirty pounds of tobacco +an acre.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-16_35" id="Footnote_2-16_35"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-16_35"><span class="label">[2-16]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, p. 578; +Vol. II, p. 48.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-17_36" id="Footnote_2-17_36"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-17_36"><span class="label">[2-17]</span></a> It was Chanco, an Indian boy living with a Mr. Pace, who +revealed the plot to massacre the whites in 1622, and so saved +the colony from destruction. Edward Arber, The Works of +Captain John Smith, p. 578.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-18_37" id="Footnote_2-18_37"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-18_37"><span class="label">[2-18]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, The Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, +p. 70.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-19_38" id="Footnote_2-19_38"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-19_38"><span class="label">[2-19]</span></a> For a full discussion of this matter see p.—.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-20_39" id="Footnote_2-20_39"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-20_39"><span class="label">[2-20]</span></a> Hakluyt, Vol. VII, p. 286.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-21_40" id="Footnote_2-21_40"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-21_40"><span class="label">[2-21]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, p. 582.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-22_41" id="Footnote_2-22_41"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-22_41"><span class="label">[2-22]</span></a> Abstracts of Proceedings of Virginia Company of London, +Vol. I, pp. 28, 172; Edward Arber, The Works of Captain John +Smith, p. 609.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-23_42" id="Footnote_2-23_42"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-23_42"><span class="label">[2-23]</span></a> Hening, Statutes at Large, Vol. II, p. 510.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-24_43" id="Footnote_2-24_43"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-24_43"><span class="label">[2-24]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, p. 603.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-25_44" id="Footnote_2-25_44"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-25_44"><span class="label">[2-25]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, p. 605.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-26_45" id="Footnote_2-26_45"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-26_45"><span class="label">[2-26]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Vol. V, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-27_46" id="Footnote_2-27_46"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-27_46"><span class="label">[2-27]</span></a> Hening, Statutes at Large, Vol. II, p. 510.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-28_47" id="Footnote_2-28_47"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-28_47"><span class="label">[2-28]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, p. 611.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-29_48" id="Footnote_2-29_48"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-29_48"><span class="label">[2-29]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-26-77, Berkeley to the +Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-30_49" id="Footnote_2-30_49"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-30_49"><span class="label">[2-30]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. III, Orders and +Constitutions, 1619, 1620, p. 22.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-31_50" id="Footnote_2-31_50"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-31_50"><span class="label">[2-31]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-32_51" id="Footnote_2-32_51"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-32_51"><span class="label">[2-32]</span></a> Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, 1574-1660, p. 208.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-33_52" id="Footnote_2-33_52"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-33_52"><span class="label">[2-33]</span></a> Princeton Transcripts, Virginia Land Patents, Princeton +University Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2-34_53" id="Footnote_2-34_53"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2-34_53"><span class="label">[2-34]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol.</p></div> + + +<p class="sec">NOTES TO CHAPTER III</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-1_54" id="Footnote_3-1_54"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-1_54"><span class="label">[3-1]</span></a> L. G. Tyler, Narratives of Early Virginia, pp. 21-22.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-2_55" id="Footnote_3-2_55"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-2_55"><span class="label">[3-2]</span></a> Abstracts of Proceedings of Virginia Company of London, +Vol. II, p. 171.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-3_56" id="Footnote_3-3_56"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-3_56"><span class="label">[3-3]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-26-77, Berkeley to Board +of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-4_57" id="Footnote_3-4_57"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-4_57"><span class="label">[3-4]</span></a> Hening, Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 257.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-5_58" id="Footnote_3-5_58"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-5_58"><span class="label">[3-5]</span></a> Hening, Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 411.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-6_59" id="Footnote_3-6_59"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-6_59"><span class="label">[3-6]</span></a> Hening, Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 539.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-7_60" id="Footnote_3-7_60"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-7_60"><span class="label">[3-7]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-26-77, Berkeley to Board +of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-8_61" id="Footnote_3-8_61"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-8_61"><span class="label">[3-8]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-9_62" id="Footnote_3-9_62"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-9_62"><span class="label">[3-9]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, p. 595.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-10_63" id="Footnote_3-10_63"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-10_63"><span class="label">[3-10]</span></a> J. C. Hotten, Original Lists of Emigrants to America (1600-1700).</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-11_64" id="Footnote_3-11_64"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-11_64"><span class="label">[3-11]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, p. 3.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-12_65" id="Footnote_3-12_65"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-12_65"><span class="label">[3-12]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-26-77, Berkeley to Board +of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-13_66" id="Footnote_3-13_66"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-13_66"><span class="label">[3-13]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, p. 119, Colonial +Entry Book, Governor Andros to the Lords of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-14_67" id="Footnote_3-14_67"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-14_67"><span class="label">[3-14]</span></a> E. D. Neill, Virginia Vetusta, p. 123.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-15_68" id="Footnote_3-15_68"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-15_68"><span class="label">[3-15]</span></a> Hugh Jones, Present State of Virginia, p. 61.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-16_69" id="Footnote_3-16_69"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-16_69"><span class="label">[3-16]</span></a> Surry County Records, 1684-1686, Virginia State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-17_70" id="Footnote_3-17_70"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-17_70"><span class="label">[3-17]</span></a> York County Records, 1696-1701, Virginia State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-18_71" id="Footnote_3-18_71"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-18_71"><span class="label">[3-18]</span></a> Rappahannock County Deeds, 1680-1688, Virginia State +Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-19_72" id="Footnote_3-19_72"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-19_72"><span class="label">[3-19]</span></a> Essex County, Orders, Deeds, Etc., 1692-1695, Virginia State +Library.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-20_73" id="Footnote_3-20_73"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-20_73"><span class="label">[3-20]</span></a> J. C. Hotten, Original Lists of Emigrants to America, pp. +266-275.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-21_74" id="Footnote_3-21_74"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-21_74"><span class="label">[3-21]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, pp. 529-532.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-22_75" id="Footnote_3-22_75"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-22_75"><span class="label">[3-22]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-23_76" id="Footnote_3-23_76"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-23_76"><span class="label">[3-23]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. I, p. 30.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-24_77" id="Footnote_3-24_77"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-24_77"><span class="label">[3-24]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. XII, p. +387.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-25_78" id="Footnote_3-25_78"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-25_78"><span class="label">[3-25]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-26_79" id="Footnote_3-26_79"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-26_79"><span class="label">[3-26]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-27_80" id="Footnote_3-27_80"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-27_80"><span class="label">[3-27]</span></a> Essex County, Orders, Deeds, Etc., 1692-1695, Virginia State +Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-28_81" id="Footnote_3-28_81"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-28_81"><span class="label">[3-28]</span></a> Surry County Records, 1645-1672, p. 17.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-29_82" id="Footnote_3-29_82"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-29_82"><span class="label">[3-29]</span></a> Essex County, Orders, Deeds, Etc., 1692-1695, p. 348, Virginia +State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-30_83" id="Footnote_3-30_83"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-30_83"><span class="label">[3-30]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol, Vol. V.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-31_84" id="Footnote_3-31_84"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-31_84"><span class="label">[3-31]</span></a> Essex County, Orders, Deeds, Etc., 1692-1695, pp. 199, 202, +205, 209, 216, 348, 394, 407, 413, Virginia State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-32_85" id="Footnote_3-32_85"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-32_85"><span class="label">[3-32]</span></a> H. R. McIlwaine, Journals of the House of Burgesses, 1686, +p. 37.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-33_86" id="Footnote_3-33_86"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-33_86"><span class="label">[3-33]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, pp. 91-92, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-34_87" id="Footnote_3-34_87"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-34_87"><span class="label">[3-34]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1306, Document 116, Correspondence +of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-35_88" id="Footnote_3-35_88"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-35_88"><span class="label">[3-35]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1355, p. 361, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-36_89" id="Footnote_3-36_89"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-36_89"><span class="label">[3-36]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, pp. 91-92, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-37_90" id="Footnote_3-37_90"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-37_90"><span class="label">[3-37]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1405, p. 460, Council +Minutes, 1680-1695.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-38_91" id="Footnote_3-38_91"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-38_91"><span class="label">[3-38]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1405, pp. 544-545, Council +Minutes, 1680-1695.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-39_92" id="Footnote_3-39_92"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-39_92"><span class="label">[3-39]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, p. 345, Colonial +Entry Book, 1696-1700.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-40_93" id="Footnote_3-40_93"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-40_93"><span class="label">[3-40]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1339, Document 33V. +Correspondence of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-41_94" id="Footnote_3-41_94"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-41_94"><span class="label">[3-41]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1314, Document 63VIII, +Correspondence of the Board of Trade. A copy of this interesting<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> +document is published as an appendix to this volume.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-42_95" id="Footnote_3-42_95"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-42_95"><span class="label">[3-42]</span></a> See appendix.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-43_96" id="Footnote_3-43_96"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-43_96"><span class="label">[3-43]</span></a> See appendix.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-44_97" id="Footnote_3-44_97"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-44_97"><span class="label">[3-44]</span></a> Of this land 15 acres belonged to Thomas Jefferson, probably +the grandfather of President Jefferson.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-45_98" id="Footnote_3-45_98"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-45_98"><span class="label">[3-45]</span></a> In the opening years of the Eighteenth century the increased +importation of slaves brought about an immediate decline in the +migration of whites to Virginia from England.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-46_99" id="Footnote_3-46_99"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-46_99"><span class="label">[3-46]</span></a> Hening, Statutes at Large, Vol. II, p. 480. The laws governing +the tithables were altered slightly from time to time.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-47_100" id="Footnote_3-47_100"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-47_100"><span class="label">[3-47]</span></a> Surry County, Wills, Deeds, Etc., 1671-1684, pp. 134-138, +Virginia State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-48_101" id="Footnote_3-48_101"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-48_101"><span class="label">[3-48]</span></a> Surry County, Wills, Deeds, Etc., 1671-1684, pp. 134-138, +Virginia State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-49_102" id="Footnote_3-49_102"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-49_102"><span class="label">[3-49]</span></a> Surry County, Deeds, Wills, Etc., 1684-1686, pp. 59-63, Virginia +State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-50_103" id="Footnote_3-50_103"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-50_103"><span class="label">[3-50]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. I, pp. +364-373.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-51_104" id="Footnote_3-51_104"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-51_104"><span class="label">[3-51]</span></a> Prince George county was formed out of Charles City in +1703.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-52_105" id="Footnote_3-52_105"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-52_105"><span class="label">[3-52]</span></a> Surry County, Wills, Deeds, Etc., 1671-1684; Surry County, +Deeds, Wills, Etc., 1684-1686, Virginia State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3-53_106" id="Footnote_3-53_106"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3-53_106"><span class="label">[3-53]</span></a> Elizabeth City County Records, 1684-1699, Virginia State Library.</p></div> + + +<p class="sec">NOTES TO CHAPTER IV</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-1_107" id="Footnote_4-1_107"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-1_107"><span class="label">[4-1]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. VIII, p. 273.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-2_108" id="Footnote_4-2_108"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-2_108"><span class="label">[4-2]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. VIII, p. 273.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-3_109" id="Footnote_4-3_109"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-3_109"><span class="label">[4-3]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 42.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-4_110" id="Footnote_4-4_110"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-4_110"><span class="label">[4-4]</span></a> Robert Beverley, History of Virginia, p. 221.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-5_111" id="Footnote_4-5_111"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-5_111"><span class="label">[4-5]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. III, Leah and +Rachel, p. 11.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-6_112" id="Footnote_4-6_112"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-6_112"><span class="label">[4-6]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. XXVI, p. 31.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-7_113" id="Footnote_4-7_113"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-7_113"><span class="label">[4-7]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. III, Leah and +Rachel, p. 11.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-8_114" id="Footnote_4-8_114"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-8_114"><span class="label">[4-8]</span></a> In fact, it was stated by John Hammond in 1656 that many +servants acquired considerable property even before the expiration +of their indentures. "Those servants that will be industrious +may in their time of service gain a competent estate before +their Freedomes," he says, "which is usually done by many, +and they gaine esteeme and assistance that appear so industrious:<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> +There is no master almost but will allow his Servant a parcell +of clear ground to plant some tobacco in for himselfe, which he +may husband at those many idle times he hath allowed him and +not prejudice, but rejoyce his Master to see it, which in time of +Shipping he may lay out for commodities, and in Summer sell +them again with advantage, and get a Sow-Pig or two, which any +body almost will give him, and his Master suffer him to keep +them with his own, which will be no charge to his Master, and +with one year's increase of them may purchase a Cow calf or two, +and by that time he is for himself; he may have Cattle, Hogs and +Tobacco of his own, and come to live gallantly; but this must be +gained (as I said) by Industry and affability, not by sloth nor +churlish behaviour." Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, +Vol. III, Leah and Rachel, p. 14.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-9_115" id="Footnote_4-9_115"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-9_115"><span class="label">[4-9]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. IV, p. +157.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-10_116" id="Footnote_4-10_116"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-10_116"><span class="label">[4-10]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VII, p. +262.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-11_117" id="Footnote_4-11_117"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-11_117"><span class="label">[4-11]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VII, +p. 261.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-12_118" id="Footnote_4-12_118"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-12_118"><span class="label">[4-12]</span></a> R. L. Beer, Origins of the British Colonial System, p. 154.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-13_119" id="Footnote_4-13_119"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-13_119"><span class="label">[4-13]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VIII, p. +160.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-14_120" id="Footnote_4-14_120"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-14_120"><span class="label">[4-14]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. XIII, p. +381.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-15_121" id="Footnote_4-15_121"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-15_121"><span class="label">[4-15]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, pp. 4-6.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-16_122" id="Footnote_4-16_122"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-16_122"><span class="label">[4-16]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-21, Secretary Ludwell to +Lord John Berkeley.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-17_123" id="Footnote_4-17_123"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-17_123"><span class="label">[4-17]</span></a> Alexander Brown, The First Republic in America, p. 268.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-18_124" id="Footnote_4-18_124"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-18_124"><span class="label">[4-18]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VII, p. +267, King Charles I to the Governor and Council of Virginia.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-19_125" id="Footnote_4-19_125"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-19_125"><span class="label">[4-19]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. I, p. 293.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-20_126" id="Footnote_4-20_126"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-20_126"><span class="label">[4-20]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VI, p. 376.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-21_127" id="Footnote_4-21_127"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-21_127"><span class="label">[4-21]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. II, p. 53.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-22_128" id="Footnote_4-22_128"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-22_128"><span class="label">[4-22]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. II, p. 394.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-23_129" id="Footnote_4-23_129"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-23_129"><span class="label">[4-23]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VI, p. 260.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-24_130" id="Footnote_4-24_130"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-24_130"><span class="label">[4-24]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VII, p. +382.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-25_131" id="Footnote_4-25_131"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-25_131"><span class="label">[4-25]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VIII, +p. 149.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-26_132" id="Footnote_4-26_132"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-26_132"><span class="label">[4-26]</span></a> Governor Yeardley's Instructions of 1626 contain the statement +that "tobacco falleth every day more and more to a baser +price."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-27_133" id="Footnote_4-27_133"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-27_133"><span class="label">[4-27]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VII, p. +376.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-28_134" id="Footnote_4-28_134"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-28_134"><span class="label">[4-28]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VIII, +p. 159.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-29_135" id="Footnote_4-29_135"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-29_135"><span class="label">[4-29]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. IX, p. +177.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-30_136" id="Footnote_4-30_136"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-30_136"><span class="label">[4-30]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. X, p. 425.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-31_137" id="Footnote_4-31_137"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-31_137"><span class="label">[4-31]</span></a> G. L. Beer, Origins of the British Colonial System, p. 159.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-32_138" id="Footnote_4-32_138"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-32_138"><span class="label">[4-32]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, p. 4.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-33_139" id="Footnote_4-33_139"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-33_139"><span class="label">[4-33]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VIII, +p. 150.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-34_140" id="Footnote_4-34_140"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-34_140"><span class="label">[4-34]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. II, p. 288. +In Feb. 1627, orders were issued once more that all colonial tobacco, +whether of Virginia or of the West Indies, should be +shipped only to London. Calendar of State Papers, 1574-1660, +p. 84.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-35_141" id="Footnote_4-35_141"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-35_141"><span class="label">[4-35]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VIII, +pp. 149, 155.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-36_142" id="Footnote_4-36_142"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-36_142"><span class="label">[4-36]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-12, Petition of Jan. 2, +1655.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-37_143" id="Footnote_4-37_143"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-37_143"><span class="label">[4-37]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, pp. 349-356.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-38_144" id="Footnote_4-38_144"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-38_144"><span class="label">[4-38]</span></a> G. L. Beer, Origins of the British Colonial System, pp. 203-204.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-39_145" id="Footnote_4-39_145"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-39_145"><span class="label">[4-39]</span></a> G. L. Beer, Origins of the British Colonial System, p. 216.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-40_146" id="Footnote_4-40_146"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-40_146"><span class="label">[4-40]</span></a> The author of A New Description of Virginia, published in +1649, states that "in Tobacco they can make L20 sterling a man, +at 3d a pound per annum." Peter Force, Tracts and Other +Papers, Vol. II, New Description of Virginia, p. 6.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-41_147" id="Footnote_4-41_147"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-41_147"><span class="label">[4-41]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VII, p. +382.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-42_148" id="Footnote_4-42_148"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-42_148"><span class="label">[4-42]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VIII, p. +149, Vol. II, p. 53, Vol. VII, p. 259.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-43_149" id="Footnote_4-43_149"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-43_149"><span class="label">[4-43]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VII, p. +260.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-44_150" id="Footnote_4-44_150"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-44_150"><span class="label">[4-44]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VIII, p. +158.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-45_151" id="Footnote_4-45_151"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-45_151"><span class="label">[4-45]</span></a> Abstracts of Proceedings of Virginia Company of London, +Vol. I, pp. 41-42.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-46_152" id="Footnote_4-46_152"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-46_152"><span class="label">[4-46]</span></a> J. C. Hotten, Original Lists of Emigrants to America, pp. +201-265.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-47_153" id="Footnote_4-47_153"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-47_153"><span class="label">[4-47]</span></a> Colonial Virginia Register, pp. 54-55.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-48_154" id="Footnote_4-48_154"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-48_154"><span class="label">[4-48]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. III, p. 16.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-49_155" id="Footnote_4-49_155"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-49_155"><span class="label">[4-49]</span></a> Colonial Virginia Register, pp. 68-69.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-50_156" id="Footnote_4-50_156"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-50_156"><span class="label">[4-50]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-51_157" id="Footnote_4-51_157"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-51_157"><span class="label">[4-51]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. II, p. 420.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-52_158" id="Footnote_4-52_158"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-52_158"><span class="label">[4-52]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. II, p. +421; Vol. IV, p. 75.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-53_159" id="Footnote_4-53_159"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-53_159"><span class="label">[4-53]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. I, p. 77.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-54_160" id="Footnote_4-54_160"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-54_160"><span class="label">[4-54]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, Vol. VI, pp. 15-18.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-55_161" id="Footnote_4-55_161"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-55_161"><span class="label">[4-55]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, Vol. VI, p. 56.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-56_162" id="Footnote_4-56_162"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-56_162"><span class="label">[4-56]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-57_163" id="Footnote_4-57_163"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-57_163"><span class="label">[4-57]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. XI, p. 271.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-58_164" id="Footnote_4-58_164"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-58_164"><span class="label">[4-58]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. XI, p. 276.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-59_165" id="Footnote_4-59_165"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-59_165"><span class="label">[4-59]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. XI, pp. 271-276.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-60_166" id="Footnote_4-60_166"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-60_166"><span class="label">[4-60]</span></a> Virginia Colonial Register, pp. 64, 68, 70.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-61_167" id="Footnote_4-61_167"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-61_167"><span class="label">[4-61]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. IX, p. 72.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-62_168" id="Footnote_4-62_168"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-62_168"><span class="label">[4-62]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Vol. V, p. 224, Register of Land Office, +Virginia State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-63_169" id="Footnote_4-63_169"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-63_169"><span class="label">[4-63]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, New Series Vol. I, +p. 4.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-64_170" id="Footnote_4-64_170"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-64_170"><span class="label">[4-64]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, Vol. VI, pp. 83, +84, 125, 126.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-65_171" id="Footnote_4-65_171"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-65_171"><span class="label">[4-65]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, Vol. VII, p. 5.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-66_172" id="Footnote_4-66_172"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-66_172"><span class="label">[4-66]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, Vol. VI, p. 78.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-67_173" id="Footnote_4-67_173"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-67_173"><span class="label">[4-67]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, Vol. VI, pp. 77, +191, 281.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-68_174" id="Footnote_4-68_174"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-68_174"><span class="label">[4-68]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, Vol. VI, p. 122.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-69_175" id="Footnote_4-69_175"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-69_175"><span class="label">[4-69]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, Vol. VI, p. 192.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-70_176" id="Footnote_4-70_176"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-70_176"><span class="label">[4-70]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, Vol. VI, p. 76.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-71_177" id="Footnote_4-71_177"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-71_177"><span class="label">[4-71]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. IX, p. 144.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-72_178" id="Footnote_4-72_178"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-72_178"><span class="label">[4-72]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. IX, p. 144.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-73_179" id="Footnote_4-73_179"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-73_179"><span class="label">[4-73]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. XI, p. 276.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-74_180" id="Footnote_4-74_180"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-74_180"><span class="label">[4-74]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Vol. III, Register of Land Office, +Virginia State Capitol. The name is here spelled John Blackborne.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-75_181" id="Footnote_4-75_181"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-75_181"><span class="label">[4-75]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Vol. III, Register of Land Office,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span> +Virginia State Capitol. On the lists the name is spelled William +Butcher.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-76_182" id="Footnote_4-76_182"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-76_182"><span class="label">[4-76]</span></a> J. C. Wise, The Early History of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, +pp. 135-137.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-77_183" id="Footnote_4-77_183"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-77_183"><span class="label">[4-77]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Vol. IV, Register of Land Office, +Virginia State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-78_184" id="Footnote_4-78_184"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-78_184"><span class="label">[4-78]</span></a> J. C. Wise, The Early History of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, +p. 95.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-79_185" id="Footnote_4-79_185"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-79_185"><span class="label">[4-79]</span></a> G. C. Greer, Early Virginia Immigrants, p. 68.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-80_186" id="Footnote_4-80_186"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-80_186"><span class="label">[4-80]</span></a> J. C. Wise, The Early History of the Eastern Shore of Virginia, +p. 376.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-81_187" id="Footnote_4-81_187"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-81_187"><span class="label">[4-81]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. V, p. 101.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-82_188" id="Footnote_4-82_188"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-82_188"><span class="label">[4-82]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, Vol. VII, p. 177.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-83_189" id="Footnote_4-83_189"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-83_189"><span class="label">[4-83]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VI, p. 92.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-84_190" id="Footnote_4-84_190"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-84_190"><span class="label">[4-84]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VI, p. 298.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-85_191" id="Footnote_4-85_191"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-85_191"><span class="label">[4-85]</span></a> In 1656 John Hammond declared that though it cost six +pounds sterling to go to Virginia, those who decided to make the +venture could be sure that their money was well spent. He advised +"any that goes over free, but in a mean condition, to hire +himself for reasonable wages of Tobacco and Provision, the first +year," for by that means he could live free of disbursement, and +"have something to help him the next year." Peter Force, Tracts +and Other Papers, Vol. III, Leah and Rachel, p. 14.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-86_192" id="Footnote_4-86_192"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-86_192"><span class="label">[4-86]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. VIII, p. +441.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-87_193" id="Footnote_4-87_193"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-87_193"><span class="label">[4-87]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. IX, p. 27.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_4-88_194" id="Footnote_4-88_194"></a><a href="#FNanchor_4-88_194"><span class="label">[4-88]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. X, p. 271.</p></div> + + +<p class="sec">NOTES TO CHAPTER V</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-1_195" id="Footnote_5-1_195"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-1_195"><span class="label">[5-1]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. II, p. 109.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-2_196" id="Footnote_5-2_196"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-2_196"><span class="label">[5-2]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Document 26, Correspondence +of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><span class="label">[5-3]</span> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, p. 401.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><span class="label">[5-4]</span> R. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. I, p. 160.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><span class="label">[5-5]</span> British Public Record Office, CO5-1316, Perry and Hyde to +the Lords of Trade, Correspondence of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><span class="label">[5-6]</span> British Public Record Office, CO5-1316, The Present State +of the Tobacco Plantations in America, Correspondence of the +Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-7_201" id="Footnote_5-7_201"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-7_201"><span class="label">[5-7]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1316, Correspondence of +the Board of Trade; Statutes of the Realm, Vol. IX, p. 917.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-8_202" id="Footnote_5-8_202"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-8_202"><span class="label">[5-8]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. I, pp. +141-155.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-9_203" id="Footnote_5-9_203"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-9_203"><span class="label">[5-9]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-16, Petition of Berkeley +and Others, Aug. 26, 1662.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-10_204" id="Footnote_5-10_204"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-10_204"><span class="label">[5-10]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-20, Thomas Ludwell to +Secretary Arlington, May 1, 1666.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-11_205" id="Footnote_5-11_205"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-11_205"><span class="label">[5-11]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-20, Sir William Berkeley +and others to Secretary Arlington, July 13, 1666.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-12_206" id="Footnote_5-12_206"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-12_206"><span class="label">[5-12]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-20, Sir William Berkeley +and others to Secretary Arlington, July 13, 1666.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-13_207" id="Footnote_5-13_207"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-13_207"><span class="label">[5-13]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-21, Thomas Ludwell to +Lord Arlington, Feb. 12, 1667.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-14_208" id="Footnote_5-14_208"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-14_208"><span class="label">[5-14]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-21, Thomas Ludwell to +Lord John Berkeley.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-15_209" id="Footnote_5-15_209"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-15_209"><span class="label">[5-15]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-23, p. 19, Ludwell to Lord +Arlington.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-16_210" id="Footnote_5-16_210"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-16_210"><span class="label">[5-16]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-21, Governor and Council +to the King.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-17_211" id="Footnote_5-17_211"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-17_211"><span class="label">[5-17]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-30, p. 51, Petition of the +Governor and Council.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-18_212" id="Footnote_5-18_212"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-18_212"><span class="label">[5-18]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1356, p. 408, Report of +the Council to the King.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-19_213" id="Footnote_5-19_213"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-19_213"><span class="label">[5-19]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1355, p. 385, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-20_214" id="Footnote_5-20_214"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-20_214"><span class="label">[5-20]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-23, p. 19, Ludwell to +Lord Arlington, July 20, 1665.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-21_215" id="Footnote_5-21_215"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-21_215"><span class="label">[5-21]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1371, p. 246, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-22_216" id="Footnote_5-22_216"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-22_216"><span class="label">[5-22]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1371, pp. 232-240, Dialogue +Between John Good and Nathaniel Bacon, Colonial Entry +Book, 1677.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-23_217" id="Footnote_5-23_217"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-23_217"><span class="label">[5-23]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-30, p. 51, Petition of the +Governor and Council to the King, July 1673.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-24_218" id="Footnote_5-24_218"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-24_218"><span class="label">[5-24]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1355, p. 410, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-25_219" id="Footnote_5-25_219"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-25_219"><span class="label">[5-25]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1356, p. 179, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-26_220" id="Footnote_5-26_220"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-26_220"><span class="label">[5-26]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. II, p. 147.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-27_221" id="Footnote_5-27_221"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-27_221"><span class="label">[5-27]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1371, p. 276, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-28_222" id="Footnote_5-28_222"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-28_222"><span class="label">[5-28]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1371, p. 276, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-29_223" id="Footnote_5-29_223"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-29_223"><span class="label">[5-29]</span></a> This view of the matter has the support of the dean of Virginia +historians, Dr. Philip Alexander Bruce. Dr. Bruce writes: +"No less an authority than Robert Beverley, the historian, states +that the Navigation Acts had a sensible influence in precipitating +Bacon's Rebellion. In the early life of this writer he must have +been closely associated with hundreds of people who had been +through the uprising, and knew much, by direct observation, of +the currents that governed it. The elder Beverley was thoroughly +informed and thus, in his own home, the son had the best +of opportunities of learning the truth. Beverley himself declared +that the Acts were causing discontent among the people, long before +the Rebellion actually occurred, and so did John Bland in +his memorable petition. There is no doubt that the Acts, by +keeping alive a sense of friction, left the people in just the state +of mind to seize with eagerness on the more palpable wrongs +which were specifically brought forward as the justification for +resistance. It was really the groundwork of the movement, +though if it had been the only cause, might not have precipitated +open resistance to the Government."</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-30_224" id="Footnote_5-30_224"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-30_224"><span class="label">[5-30]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. II, p. 115.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-31_225" id="Footnote_5-31_225"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-31_225"><span class="label">[5-31]</span></a> Secretary Thomas Ludwell in a long report to the British +Government spoke of the Virginia Government as Berkeley's +own, "Which I so term," he explains, "because he is the sole +author of the most substantial parts of it, either for Lawes or +other inferior institutions." British Public Record Office, CO1-20.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-32_226" id="Footnote_5-32_226"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-32_226"><span class="label">[5-32]</span></a> British Museum, Egerton Manuscript, 2395, f. 356b.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-33_227" id="Footnote_5-33_227"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-33_227"><span class="label">[5-33]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-19, Berkeley to Lord Arlington, +Aug. 1, 1665.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><span class="label">[5-34]</span> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, pp. 399-400.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-35_229" id="Footnote_5-35_229"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-35_229"><span class="label">[5-35]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-26-77, Berkeley to the +Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-36_230" id="Footnote_5-36_230"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-36_230"><span class="label">[5-36]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-30-78, Memorial of John +Knight, Oct. 29, 1673.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-37_231" id="Footnote_5-37_231"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-37_231"><span class="label">[5-37]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-30-71, Council of Virginia +to the King, 1673.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-38_232" id="Footnote_5-38_232"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-38_232"><span class="label">[5-38]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, pp. 1-16.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-39_233" id="Footnote_5-39_233"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-39_233"><span class="label">[5-39]</span></a> British Museum, Egerton Manuscript, 2395, f. 356b, A Discourse +and View of Virginia.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-40_234" id="Footnote_5-40_234"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-40_234"><span class="label">[5-40]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-26-77, Berkeley to the +Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-41_235" id="Footnote_5-41_235"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-41_235"><span class="label">[5-41]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-34-95, Petition of Francis +Moryson, Thomas Ludwell and Robert Smith.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-42_236" id="Footnote_5-42_236"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-42_236"><span class="label">[5-42]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_5-43_237" id="Footnote_5-43_237"></a><a href="#FNanchor_5-43_237"><span class="label">[5-43]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, pp. 20, 21, 22, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + + +<p class="sec">NOTES TO CHAPTER VI</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-1_238" id="Footnote_6-1_238"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-1_238"><span class="label">[6-1]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, p. 3.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-2_239" id="Footnote_6-2_239"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-2_239"><span class="label">[6-2]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-30, pp. 17, 51.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-3_240" id="Footnote_6-3_240"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-3_240"><span class="label">[6-3]</span></a> Surry County Wills, Deeds, Etc. 1671-1624, Virginia State +Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-4_241" id="Footnote_6-4_241"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-4_241"><span class="label">[6-4]</span></a> Surry County Wills, Deeds, Etc. 1684-1686, pp. 34-35, Virginia +State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-5_242" id="Footnote_6-5_242"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-5_242"><span class="label">[6-5]</span></a> Surry County Wills, Deeds, Etc. 1684-1686, pp. 86-87, Virginia +State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-6_243" id="Footnote_6-6_243"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-6_243"><span class="label">[6-6]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 199.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-7_244" id="Footnote_6-7_244"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-7_244"><span class="label">[6-7]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, p. 3.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-8_245" id="Footnote_6-8_245"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-8_245"><span class="label">[6-8]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 200.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-9_246" id="Footnote_6-9_246"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-9_246"><span class="label">[6-9]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, p. 3.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-10_247" id="Footnote_6-10_247"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-10_247"><span class="label">[6-10]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, p. 18.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-11_248" id="Footnote_6-11_248"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-11_248"><span class="label">[6-11]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, p. 15.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-12_249" id="Footnote_6-12_249"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-12_249"><span class="label">[6-12]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 201.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-13_250" id="Footnote_6-13_250"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-13_250"><span class="label">[6-13]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. III, Leah and +Rachel, p. 13.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-14_251" id="Footnote_6-14_251"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-14_251"><span class="label">[6-14]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1316, Statement of Mr. +Perry and Captain Hyde, Correspondence of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-15_252" id="Footnote_6-15_252"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-15_252"><span class="label">[6-15]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. III, Virginia +Richly Valued, p. 10.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-16_253" id="Footnote_6-16_253"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-16_253"><span class="label">[6-16]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Albion, +p. 32.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-17_254" id="Footnote_6-17_254"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-17_254"><span class="label">[6-17]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. III, Leah and +Rachel, p. 18.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-18_255" id="Footnote_6-18_255"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-18_255"><span class="label">[6-18]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, p. 7.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-19_256" id="Footnote_6-19_256"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-19_256"><span class="label">[6-19]</span></a> Abstracts of Proceedings of the Virginia Company of London, +Vol. II, p. 171.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-20_257" id="Footnote_6-20_257"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-20_257"><span class="label">[6-20]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 153.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-21_258" id="Footnote_6-21_258"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-21_258"><span class="label">[6-21]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, pp. +160-161.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-22_259" id="Footnote_6-22_259"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-22_259"><span class="label">[6-22]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. V, p. 285.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-23_260" id="Footnote_6-23_260"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-23_260"><span class="label">[6-23]</span></a> Surry County Wills, Deeds, Etc. 1684-1686, p. 7, Virginia +State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-24_261" id="Footnote_6-24_261"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-24_261"><span class="label">[6-24]</span></a> Surry County Wills, Deeds, Etc. 1684-1686, pp. 34-35, Virginia +State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-25_262" id="Footnote_6-25_262"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-25_262"><span class="label">[6-25]</span></a> Surry County Wills, Deeds, Etc. 1684-1686, pp. 86-87, Virginia +State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-26_263" id="Footnote_6-26_263"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-26_263"><span class="label">[6-26]</span></a> Surry County Wills, Deeds, Etc. 1671-1684, Virginia State +Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-27_264" id="Footnote_6-27_264"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-27_264"><span class="label">[6-27]</span></a> John Splitimber paid for himself alone in the tithable lists of +1675.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-28_265" id="Footnote_6-28_265"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-28_265"><span class="label">[6-28]</span></a> York County Records, 1694-1702, Virginia State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-29_266" id="Footnote_6-29_266"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-29_266"><span class="label">[6-29]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, p. 15.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-30_267" id="Footnote_6-30_267"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-30_267"><span class="label">[6-30]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, p. 14.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-31_268" id="Footnote_6-31_268"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-31_268"><span class="label">[6-31]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1371, p. 241.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-32_269" id="Footnote_6-32_269"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-32_269"><span class="label">[6-32]</span></a> "I would have all men consider how meanly we are provided +of men of learning, ability and courage, nay indeed of honesty, +to stand up in the people's behalf and oppose the oppressing +party," said Nathaniel Bacon in 1676. British Public Record +Office, CO5-1371, p. 246.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-33_270" id="Footnote_6-33_270"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-33_270"><span class="label">[6-33]</span></a> The most notable case of betrayal is that of Isaac Allerton, +who sold himself to the Governor for the promise of a seat in the +Council of State. British Public Record Office, CO5-1356, pp. +125-126, Colonial Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-34_271" id="Footnote_6-34_271"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-34_271"><span class="label">[6-34]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-4.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-35_272" id="Footnote_6-35_272"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-35_272"><span class="label">[6-35]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. I, pp. 287-288.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-36_273" id="Footnote_6-36_273"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-36_273"><span class="label">[6-36]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. X, p. 271.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-37_274" id="Footnote_6-37_274"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-37_274"><span class="label">[6-37]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-8, p. 48.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-38_275" id="Footnote_6-38_275"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-38_275"><span class="label">[6-38]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-8.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-39_276" id="Footnote_6-39_276"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-39_276"><span class="label">[6-39]</span></a> Hening, Statutes at Large, Vol. I, pp. 360-361.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-40_277" id="Footnote_6-40_277"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-40_277"><span class="label">[6-40]</span></a> Hening, Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 361.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-41_278" id="Footnote_6-41_278"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-41_278"><span class="label">[6-41]</span></a> Hening, Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 355.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-42_279" id="Footnote_6-42_279"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-42_279"><span class="label">[6-42]</span></a> Hening, Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 363.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-43_280" id="Footnote_6-43_280"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-43_280"><span class="label">[6-43]</span></a> Sixth Report of Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts, +Part I, Instructions to Sir George Ayscue, Sept. 26, 1651.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-44_281" id="Footnote_6-44_281"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-44_281"><span class="label">[6-44]</span></a> The commissioners were Capt. Robert Dennis, Richard Bennett,<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span> +Thomas Stegge and Captain William Claiborne, all of whom +with the exception of Dennis were Virginians.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-45_282" id="Footnote_6-45_282"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-45_282"><span class="label">[6-45]</span></a> Hening, Statutes at Large, Vol. I, pp. 371, 373.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-46_283" id="Footnote_6-46_283"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-46_283"><span class="label">[6-46]</span></a> Southern Literary Messanger, Jan. 1845; Charles Campbell, +History of Virginia, p. 74.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-47_284" id="Footnote_6-47_284"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-47_284"><span class="label">[6-47]</span></a> Southern Literary Messanger, Jan. 1845.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_6-48_285" id="Footnote_6-48_285"></a><a href="#FNanchor_6-48_285"><span class="label">[6-48]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1371, p. 387, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + + +<p class="sec">NOTES TO CHAPTER VII</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-1_286" id="Footnote_7-1_286"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-1_286"><span class="label">[7-1]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1356, p. 104, Colonial Entry +Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-2_287" id="Footnote_7-2_287"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-2_287"><span class="label">[7-2]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. I, p. 40.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><span class="label">[7-3]</span> British Public Record Office, CO5-1305, Document 23, Correspondence +of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-4_289" id="Footnote_7-4_289"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-4_289"><span class="label">[7-4]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1345, Document 16, Correspondence +of the Secretary of State.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-5_290" id="Footnote_7-5_290"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-5_290"><span class="label">[7-5]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. I, p. 42.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-6_291" id="Footnote_7-6_291"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-6_291"><span class="label">[7-6]</span></a> Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, 1702.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-7_292" id="Footnote_7-7_292"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-7_292"><span class="label">[7-7]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1355, pp. 381-385, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-8_293" id="Footnote_7-8_293"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-8_293"><span class="label">[7-8]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. I, p. 168.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-9_294" id="Footnote_7-9_294"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-9_294"><span class="label">[7-9]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Document 16, Correspondence +of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-10_295" id="Footnote_7-10_295"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-10_295"><span class="label">[7-10]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Document 91.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-11_296" id="Footnote_7-11_296"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-11_296"><span class="label">[7-11]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1345, Document 16, John +Linton to the Board of Trade, Correspondence of the Secretary +of State.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-12_297" id="Footnote_7-12_297"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-12_297"><span class="label">[7-12]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Report of John Linton +on the Tobacco Trade, Correspondence of the Board of +Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-13_298" id="Footnote_7-13_298"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-13_298"><span class="label">[7-13]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1345, Document 16, Correspondence +of the Secretary of State.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-14_299" id="Footnote_7-14_299"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-14_299"><span class="label">[7-14]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Document 26, Correspondence +of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-15_300" id="Footnote_7-15_300"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-15_300"><span class="label">[7-15]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Document 26, Correspondence +of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-16_301" id="Footnote_7-16_301"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-16_301"><span class="label">[7-16]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1316, Correspondence of +the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-17_302" id="Footnote_7-17_302"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-17_302"><span class="label">[7-17]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1340, Document 91, Col. +Quary's Memorial.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-18_303" id="Footnote_7-18_303"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-18_303"><span class="label">[7-18]</span></a> R. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. I, p. 42.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-19_304" id="Footnote_7-19_304"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-19_304"><span class="label">[7-19]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1316, Correspondence of +the Board of Trade; CO5-1360, p. 233, Governor Nicholson to +the Lords of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-20_305" id="Footnote_7-20_305"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-20_305"><span class="label">[7-20]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Document 91, Col. +Quary's Memorial.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-21_306" id="Footnote_7-21_306"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-21_306"><span class="label">[7-21]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Correspondence of +the Board of Trade, Letter of Col. Quary Sept. 1, 1706.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-22_307" id="Footnote_7-22_307"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-22_307"><span class="label">[7-22]</span></a> Princeton Transcripts, Virginia Land Patents, Princeton +University Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-23_308" id="Footnote_7-23_308"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-23_308"><span class="label">[7-23]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, pp. 107-108, Colonial +Entry Book. In 1699 Gov. Nicholson stated that Orinoco +was bringing 20 shillings the hundredweight and Sweetscented 25 +shillings and up, which he considered an unusually good return. +British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, p. 322.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-24_309" id="Footnote_7-24_309"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-24_309"><span class="label">[7-24]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 66.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-25_310" id="Footnote_7-25_310"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-25_310"><span class="label">[7-25]</span></a> J. C. Hotten, Original Lists of Emigrants to America, pp. +202-265.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-26_311" id="Footnote_7-26_311"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-26_311"><span class="label">[7-26]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 89.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-27_312" id="Footnote_7-27_312"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-27_312"><span class="label">[7-27]</span></a> Peter Force, Tracts and Other Papers, Vol. II, New Description +of Virginia, p. 3.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-28_313" id="Footnote_7-28_313"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-28_313"><span class="label">[7-28]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-26-77, Berkeley to the +Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-29_314" id="Footnote_7-29_314"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-29_314"><span class="label">[7-29]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1355, p. 345, Lord Culpeper's +account of his compliance with the King's instructions, +Dec. 1681.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-30_315" id="Footnote_7-30_315"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-30_315"><span class="label">[7-30]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 75.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-31_316" id="Footnote_7-31_316"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-31_316"><span class="label">[7-31]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 75.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-32_317" id="Footnote_7-32_317"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-32_317"><span class="label">[7-32]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-26-77, Berkeley to the +Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-33_318" id="Footnote_7-33_318"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-33_318"><span class="label">[7-33]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. I, p. 323.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-34_319" id="Footnote_7-34_319"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-34_319"><span class="label">[7-34]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. I, pp. 324-325.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-35_320" id="Footnote_7-35_320"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-35_320"><span class="label">[7-35]</span></a> York County Records, 1664-1672, Virginia State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-36_321" id="Footnote_7-36_321"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-36_321"><span class="label">[7-36]</span></a> York County Records, 1694-1702, Virginia State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-37_322" id="Footnote_7-37_322"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-37_322"><span class="label">[7-37]</span></a> Henrico Records, 1677-1692, Virginia State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-38_323" id="Footnote_7-38_323"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-38_323"><span class="label">[7-38]</span></a> York County Records, 1694-1697, Virginia State Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-39_324" id="Footnote_7-39_324"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-39_324"><span class="label">[7-39]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1317, Correspondence of +the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-40_325" id="Footnote_7-40_325"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-40_325"><span class="label">[7-40]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1317, Correspondence of +the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-41_326" id="Footnote_7-41_326"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-41_326"><span class="label">[7-41]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1406, Minutes of the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span> +Council March 21, 1710, CO5-1363, pp. 189-191, Colonial Entry +Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-42_327" id="Footnote_7-42_327"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-42_327"><span class="label">[7-42]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1322, Governor Gooch to +the Lords of Trade, Sept. 14, 1730; Feb. 12, 1731.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-43_328" id="Footnote_7-43_328"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-43_328"><span class="label">[7-43]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1363, pp. 317-324, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-44_329" id="Footnote_7-44_329"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-44_329"><span class="label">[7-44]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1362, pp. 369-373, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-45_330" id="Footnote_7-45_330"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-45_330"><span class="label">[7-45]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 83.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-46_331" id="Footnote_7-46_331"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-46_331"><span class="label">[7-46]</span></a> Princeton Transcripts, Virginia Land Patents, Princeton +University Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-47_332" id="Footnote_7-47_332"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-47_332"><span class="label">[7-47]</span></a> P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, p. 108.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-48_333" id="Footnote_7-48_333"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-48_333"><span class="label">[7-48]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1316, Correspondence of +the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-49_334" id="Footnote_7-49_334"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-49_334"><span class="label">[7-49]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1314, Document 66, +Governor Nott to the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-50_335" id="Footnote_7-50_335"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-50_335"><span class="label">[7-50]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1362, pp. 365-367, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-51_336" id="Footnote_7-51_336"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-51_336"><span class="label">[7-51]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1362, pp. 365-367, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-52_337" id="Footnote_7-52_337"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-52_337"><span class="label">[7-52]</span></a> During these years the planters were too impoverished to +purchase slaves. The decline in the tobacco trade produced a +feeling among the people that the colony had been overstocked +with blacks.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-53_338" id="Footnote_7-53_338"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-53_338"><span class="label">[7-53]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1322, Correspondence of +the Board of Trade, Report of Governor Gooch.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-54_339" id="Footnote_7-54_339"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-54_339"><span class="label">[7-54]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1322, Francis Fane to the +Lords of Trade, Dec. 10, 1728.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_7-55_340" id="Footnote_7-55_340"></a><a href="#FNanchor_7-55_340"><span class="label">[7-55]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1356, p. 139, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + + +<p class="sec">NOTES TO CHAPTER VIII</p> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-1_341" id="Footnote_8-1_341"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-1_341"><span class="label">[8-1]</span></a> Princeton Transcripts, Virginia Land Patents, Princeton University +Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-2_342" id="Footnote_8-2_342"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-2_342"><span class="label">[8-2]</span></a> Princeton Transcripts, Virginia Land Patents, Princeton University +Library.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-3_343" id="Footnote_8-3_343"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-3_343"><span class="label">[8-3]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1362, pp. 365-367, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-4_344" id="Footnote_8-4_344"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-4_344"><span class="label">[8-4]</span></a> Virginia Land Patents, Register of Land Office, Virginia +State Capitol.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-5_345" id="Footnote_8-5_345"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-5_345"><span class="label">[8-5]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. I, p. 28.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-6_346" id="Footnote_8-6_346"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-6_346"><span class="label">[8-6]</span></a> G. L. Beer, The Old Colonial System, Vol. I, pp. 320-321.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-7_347" id="Footnote_8-7_347"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-7_347"><span class="label">[8-7]</span></a> Jared Sparks, The Works of Benjamin Franklin, Vol. X, iii.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-8_348" id="Footnote_8-8_348"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-8_348"><span class="label">[8-8]</span></a> Maurice Vanlaer, La Fin d'un Peuple, pp. 38-39.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-9_349" id="Footnote_8-9_349"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-9_349"><span class="label">[8-9]</span></a> Maurice Vanlaer, La Fin d'un Peuple, pp. 112-117.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-10_350" id="Footnote_8-10_350"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-10_350"><span class="label">[8-10]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO1-39-38.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-11_351" id="Footnote_8-11_351"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-11_351"><span class="label">[8-11]</span></a> Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, 1696-1697, p. 420.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-12_352" id="Footnote_8-12_352"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-12_352"><span class="label">[8-12]</span></a> Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, 1696-1697, p. 500.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-13_353" id="Footnote_8-13_353"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-13_353"><span class="label">[8-13]</span></a> Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, 1696-1697, p. 546.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-14_354" id="Footnote_8-14_354"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-14_354"><span class="label">[8-14]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, pp. 20, 21, 22.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-15_355" id="Footnote_8-15_355"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-15_355"><span class="label">[8-15]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, pp. 20, 21, 22.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-16_356" id="Footnote_8-16_356"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-16_356"><span class="label">[8-16]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, p. 23, Colonial Entry +Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-17_357" id="Footnote_8-17_357"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-17_357"><span class="label">[8-17]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, p. 113, Andros to +the Lords of Trade, July 1, 1697.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-18_358" id="Footnote_8-18_358"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-18_358"><span class="label">[8-18]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1359, pp. 266-303, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-19_359" id="Footnote_8-19_359"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-19_359"><span class="label">[8-19]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1312, p. 4O9A, Correspondence +of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-20_360" id="Footnote_8-20_360"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-20_360"><span class="label">[8-20]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1360, p. 441, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-21_361" id="Footnote_8-21_361"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-21_361"><span class="label">[8-21]</span></a> Rent Roll of 1704, p. 46.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-22_362" id="Footnote_8-22_362"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-22_362"><span class="label">[8-22]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1321, Correspondence of +the Board of Trade, Gooch to the Lords of Trade, Nov. 6, 1728.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-23_363" id="Footnote_8-23_363"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-23_363"><span class="label">[8-23]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1362, pp. 374-382, Colonial +Entry Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-24_364" id="Footnote_8-24_364"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-24_364"><span class="label">[8-24]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1364, p. 27, Colonial Entry +Book.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-25_365" id="Footnote_8-25_365"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-25_365"><span class="label">[8-25]</span></a> J. S. Bassett, Writings of William Byrd, p. 31.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-26_366" id="Footnote_8-26_366"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-26_366"><span class="label">[8-26]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1322, Gooch to the Lords +of Trade, Feb. 27, 1731.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-27_367" id="Footnote_8-27_367"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-27_367"><span class="label">[8-27]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1321, Gooch to the Lords +of Trade, Aug. 9, 1728.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-28_368" id="Footnote_8-28_368"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-28_368"><span class="label">[8-28]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Document 16, Correspondence +of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-29_369" id="Footnote_8-29_369"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-29_369"><span class="label">[8-29]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Document 91, Correspondence +of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-30_370" id="Footnote_8-30_370"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-30_370"><span class="label">[8-30]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1316, Correspondence of +the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-31_371" id="Footnote_8-31_371"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-31_371"><span class="label">[8-31]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Document 16.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-32_372" id="Footnote_8-32_372"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-32_372"><span class="label">[8-32]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Document 91, Correspondence +of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-33_373" id="Footnote_8-33_373"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-33_373"><span class="label">[8-33]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1315, Correspondence of +the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-34_374" id="Footnote_8-34_374"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-34_374"><span class="label">[8-34]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1316, Account of the tobacco +trade by Perry and Hyde, June 2, 1714.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-35_375" id="Footnote_8-35_375"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-35_375"><span class="label">[8-35]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1316, Petition of the +Council, Correspondence of the Board of Trade.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-36_376" id="Footnote_8-36_376"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-36_376"><span class="label">[8-36]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1318, Address of King +and Queen county inhabitants to Spotswood; address of Westmoreland +inhabitants; letter of Spotswood to Lords of Trade, +Dec. 22, 1718.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-37_377" id="Footnote_8-37_377"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-37_377"><span class="label">[8-37]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. XXI, pp. 106-122.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-38_378" id="Footnote_8-38_378"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-38_378"><span class="label">[8-38]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. XII, pp. +414-416.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-39_379" id="Footnote_8-39_379"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-39_379"><span class="label">[8-39]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. IV, pp. +297-299.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-40_380" id="Footnote_8-40_380"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-40_380"><span class="label">[8-40]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. XXVI, pp. 97-106, 196-201, +250-258.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-41_381" id="Footnote_8-41_381"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-41_381"><span class="label">[8-41]</span></a> Chastellux, Travels in North America, p. 291.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-42_382" id="Footnote_8-42_382"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-42_382"><span class="label">[8-42]</span></a> Philip Fithian, Journal and Letters, p. 243.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-43_383" id="Footnote_8-43_383"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-43_383"><span class="label">[8-43]</span></a> Smyth, A Tour of the United States, Vol. I, p. 58.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-44_384" id="Footnote_8-44_384"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-44_384"><span class="label">[8-44]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. XXI, pp. 106-122.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-45_385" id="Footnote_8-45_385"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-45_385"><span class="label">[8-45]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. XXVI, pp. 97-106, 196-201, +250-258.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-46_386" id="Footnote_8-46_386"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-46_386"><span class="label">[8-46]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. IV, pp. +297-299.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-47_387" id="Footnote_8-47_387"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-47_387"><span class="label">[8-47]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. XII, p. +415.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-48_388" id="Footnote_8-48_388"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-48_388"><span class="label">[8-48]</span></a> Lower Norfolk County Antiquary, Vol. IV, p. 144.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-49_389" id="Footnote_8-49_389"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-49_389"><span class="label">[8-49]</span></a> W. A. Crozier, Virginia County Records, Vol. I, pp. 88-110.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-50_390" id="Footnote_8-50_390"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-50_390"><span class="label">[8-50]</span></a> Thomas Jefferson, Notes on Virginia, Edition of 1801, p. 321.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-51_391" id="Footnote_8-51_391"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-51_391"><span class="label">[8-51]</span></a> Chastellux, Travels in North America, p. 292 note.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-52_392" id="Footnote_8-52_392"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-52_392"><span class="label">[8-52]</span></a> Smyth, A Tour of the United States, Vol. I, p. 66.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-53_393" id="Footnote_8-53_393"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-53_393"><span class="label">[8-53]</span></a> Hugh Jones, History of Virginia, p. 36.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-54_394" id="Footnote_8-54_394"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-54_394"><span class="label">[8-54]</span></a> Rowland, Life of George Mason, Vol. I, pp. 101, 102; Philip +Fithian, Journal and Letters, pp. 67, 104, 130, 130, 138, 217, 259; +P. A. Bruce, Economic History of Virginia, Vol. II, pp. 411, 418.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-55_395" id="Footnote_8-55_395"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-55_395"><span class="label">[8-55]</span></a> British Public Record Office, CO5-1314, Document 63IV.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-56_396" id="Footnote_8-56_396"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-56_396"><span class="label">[8-56]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. XII, p. +415.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-57_397" id="Footnote_8-57_397"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-57_397"><span class="label">[8-57]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. IV, pp. +292-299.</p></div> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span></p><div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-58_398" id="Footnote_8-58_398"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-58_398"><span class="label">[8-58]</span></a> William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. XXVI, pp. 97-106, 196-201, +250-258.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-59_399" id="Footnote_8-59_399"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-59_399"><span class="label">[8-59]</span></a> Smyth, A Tour of the United States, p. 67.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-60_400" id="Footnote_8-60_400"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-60_400"><span class="label">[8-60]</span></a> Anbury, Travels Through America, Vol. II, p. 330.</p></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_8-61_401" id="Footnote_8-61_401"></a><a href="#FNanchor_8-61_401"><span class="label">[8-61]</span></a> Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. XII, p. +415.</p></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span></p> +<h2><i>APPENDIX</i></h2> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span></p> +<h2>RENT ROLL OF VIRGINIA</h2> + +<h3>1704-1705</h3> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Va Counties"> +<tr><td class="vacs"><a href="#Henrico">Henrico</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#Warwick">Warwick</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#Kingston">Glocester-Kingston</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="vacs"><a href="#Prince_George">Prince George</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#York">York</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#Ware">Glocester-Ware</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="vacs"><a href="#Surry">Surry</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#James_City">James City</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#Abbington">Hlocester-Abbington</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="vacs"><a href="#Isle_Wighte">Isle Wighte</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#New_Kent">New Kent</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#Middlesex">Middlesex</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="vacs"><a href="#Nansemond">Nansemond</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#Charles_City">Charles City</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#Essex">Essex</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="vacs"><a href="#Norfolk">Norfolk</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#King_William">King William</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#Accomack">Accomack</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="vacs"><a href="#Princess_Anne">Princess Anne</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#King_Queen">King & Queen</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#Northampton">Northampton</a></td></tr> +<tr><td class="vacs"><a href="#Elizabeth_City">Elizabeth City</a></td><td class="vacs"><a href="#Petso">Glocester-Petso</a></td><td class="vacs"></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p class="sec"><a name="Henrico" id="Henrico"></a>A True and Perfect Rent Roll of all the Lands held of her Maj<sup>tie</sup> in +Henrico County, Aprill 1705</p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Henrico"> +<tr><td class="lead">A</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%;">Andrews Thomas</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">396</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ascoutch Mary</td><td class="tcol5">633</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Archer Jno</td><td class="tcol5">335</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adkins Jno</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Archer Geo</td><td class="tcol5">1738</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Aldy John</td><td class="tcol5">162</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Akins James Sen<sup>r</sup></td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Asbrook Peter Sen<sup>r</sup></td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Akins James Jun<sup>r</sup></td><td class="tcol5">218</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allin Widd<sup>o</sup></td><td class="tcol5">99</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">4106</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">B</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Byrd Esq<sup>r</sup></td><td class="tcol5">19500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bolling Rob<sup>t</sup></td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bolling John</td><td class="tcol5">831</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bevill John</td><td class="tcol5">495</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Branch X<sup>to</sup></td><td class="tcol5">646</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blackman Wm</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bridgwater Sam</td><td class="tcol5">280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowman John Jun<sup>r</sup></td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowman Edw<sup>d</sup></td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Branch Benj</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Martha</td><td class="tcol5">893</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bullington Benj</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowman Lew</td><td class="tcol5">65</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bullington</td><td class="tcol5">144</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bevell Essex</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baugh John</td><td class="tcol5">448</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baugh James</td><td class="tcol5">458</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burton Isaac</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bottom John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bayley Abr</td><td class="tcol5">542</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brooks Jane belonging to Wm Walker New Kent</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Braseal Henry</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brazeal Henry Jun<sup>r</sup></td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burton Rob<sup>t</sup></td><td class="tcol5">1350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burgony John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Branch James</td><td class="tcol5">555</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burrows Wm. Wm. Blackwell New Kent</td><td class="tcol5">63</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Branch Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">540</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bailey Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">251</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Branch Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">947</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burton Wm</td><td class="tcol5">294</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bullington Rob<sup>t</sup></td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Broadnax Jno Jr</td><td class="tcol5">725</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beverley Rob<sup>t</sup></td><td class="tcol5">988</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">33590</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">C</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cheatham Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cox Batt</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cox John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cox George</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chamberlaine Maj. Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Childers Abr. Sen<sup>r</sup></td><td class="tcol5">368</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cannon John</td><td class="tcol5">108</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cox Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Childers Ab<sup>r</sup> Jun<sup>r</sup></td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clark Wm</td><td class="tcol5">333</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clark John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cox Rich<sup>d</sup></td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cardwell Tho</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crozdall Roger</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cock Wm</td><td class="tcol5">1535</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cock Rich<sup>d</sup> Sen<sup>r</sup></td><td class="tcol5">2180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Childers Philip Sen<sup>r</sup></td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Childers Philip</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Childers Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carter Theod</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cock Capt Thomas</td><td class="tcol3">2976-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Couzins Charles</td><td class="tcol5">362</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clerk Alonson</td><td class="tcol5">604</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cock James</td><td class="tcol5">1506</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Curd Edw<sup>d</sup></td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cock Rich<sup>d</sup></td><td class="tcol5">476</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cock Jno</td><td class="tcol5">98</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">15171-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">D</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dixon Nicholas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dodson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Douglas Charles</td><td class="tcol5">63</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">313</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">E</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edw<sup>d</sup> Tho</td><td class="tcol5">676</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Entroughty Derby</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ealam Rob<sup>t</sup></td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ellis John</td><td class="tcol5">217</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">East Tho Sen</td><td class="tcol5">475</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">East Tho</td><td class="tcol5">554</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">East Edw<sup>d</sup></td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Epes Capt Fra<sup>s</sup></td><td class="tcol5">2145</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Evans Charles</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ealam Martin</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Epes Isham, Epes Fra. Jun<sup>t</sup> each 444-1/2 acres</td><td class="tcol5">889</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">6061</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">F</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Field Peter Major</td><td class="tcol5">2185</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farrar Capt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farrar Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1444</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farrar Jno</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fowler Godfrey</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ferguson Robert</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ferris Wm</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Franklin James Sen</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Franklin James Jun</td><td class="tcol5">786</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ferris Rich<sup>d</sup> Sen</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farmer Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Forrest James</td><td class="tcol5">138</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Forrest John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fetherstone Henry</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farloe John Sen</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farloe John Jun</td><td class="tcol5">551</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Faile John</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">9024</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">G</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gilley Grewin Arrian</td><td class="tcol5">2528</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gee Henry</td><td class="tcol5">435</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Good John Sen</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garthwaite Sam<sup>l</sup></td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garthwaite Ephriam</td><td class="tcol5">163</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Granger John</td><td class="tcol5">472</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gill John</td><td class="tcol5">235</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Good Sam<sup>l</sup></td><td class="tcol5">588</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gower James Grigs Land</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">5571</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">H</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill James</td><td class="tcol5">795</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holmes Rich</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">357</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Tim<sup>o</sup></td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Rosam<sup>d</sup></td><td class="tcol5">1633</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hobby Lawrence</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hatcher John</td><td class="tcol5">215</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Haskins Edward</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hatcher Edward Sen</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hunt Geo</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hughs Edward</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hancock Samuel</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holmes Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hambleton James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hutchins Nich<sup>o</sup></td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hatcher Benj Sen</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hatcher Wm Jun</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hobson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hatcher Wm Sen</td><td class="tcol5">298</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hatcher Henry</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hancock Robert</td><td class="tcol5">860</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Mary</td><td class="tcol5">94</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hall Edward</td><td class="tcol5">184</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Herbert Mrs</td><td class="tcol5">1360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hudson Robert</td><td class="tcol5">281</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">9242</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">J</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Hugh</td><td class="tcol5">934</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jefferson Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">492</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Philip</td><td class="tcol5">1153</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jorden Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jamson John</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jackson Ralph</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3154</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">K</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kennon Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">1900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Knibb Samuel</td><td class="tcol5">209</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Knibb Solomon</td><td class="tcol5">833</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kendall Richard</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3342</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">L</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Liptroll Edward</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Wm</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lester Darens</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ladd Wm</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ligon Elizabeth Widdow}</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ligon Mary Widdow}</td><td class="tcol5">1341</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Laforce Reu</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lochett James</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lownd Henry</td><td class="tcol5">516</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lockitt Benj</td><td class="tcol5">104</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ligon Richard</td><td class="tcol5">1028</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ligon Hugh</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3959</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">M</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mann Robert</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthews Edward</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moseby Edward</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moseby Arthur</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1030</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">N</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nunnally Richard</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">O</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Osbourn Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">288</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Owen Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">68</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">356</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">P</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Perkinson John</td><td class="tcol5">622</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Perrin Ann</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pleasants John</td><td class="tcol5">9669</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parker Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parker Nich Sen</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pledge Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell Robert</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peice John</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pleasants Jos</td><td class="tcol5">1709</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Porter Wm</td><td class="tcol5">305</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peirce Wm</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peirce Francis</td><td class="tcol5">312</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Paine Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Portlock Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pero Henry</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pattram Ira</td><td class="tcol5">778</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pride Wm Sen.</td><td class="tcol5">1280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pollard Thomas Sen</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Perkinson Seth</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pinkitt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">192</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pinkitt Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pattison Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Porter John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pollard Thomas Jun</td><td class="tcol5">235</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pollard Henry</td><td class="tcol5">235</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pinkitt John</td><td class="tcol5">215</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">19937</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">R</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robertson Geo</td><td class="tcol5">1445</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ragsdaile Godfrey</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rawlett Peter</td><td class="tcol5">164</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Russell Charles</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rowlett Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rowen Francis</td><td class="tcol5">148</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robertson John</td><td class="tcol5">415</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rouch Rachell</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robertson Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Russell John</td><td class="tcol5">93</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Royall Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">783</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Redford John</td><td class="tcol5">775</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Randolph Col Wm including 1185 acres swamp</td><td class="tcol5">9465</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">14648</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">S</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Steward Jno Jun</td><td class="tcol5">902</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scott Walter</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Soane Capt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">3841</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stanley Edward</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Snuggs Charles</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sewell Wm</td><td class="tcol5">59</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Humphrey</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sharp Robert</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stovoll Barth<sup>o</sup></td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Skerin Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Steward Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Obadiah</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stowers Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarrazin Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">7557</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">T</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tancocks Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">1230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Trent Henry</td><td class="tcol5">224</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turpin Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">491</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turpin Philip</td><td class="tcol5">444</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turpin Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turner Henry</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">475</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tanner Edward</td><td class="tcol5">217</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Traylor Edward</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Totty Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Traylor Wm</td><td class="tcol5">730</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">4471</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">V</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Veden Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">W</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodson John</td><td class="tcol5">4060</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Robert</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodson Robert Jun</td><td class="tcol5">1157</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Richard</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watson John Sen</td><td class="tcol5">1603</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walthall Wm</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walthall Henry</td><td class="tcol5">832</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whitby Wm</td><td class="tcol5">215</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Henry Sen</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodson Rich</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodson Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williamson Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">1077</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb Giles</td><td class="tcol5">7260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Wm</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Jos</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Edward</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Seth</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood Moses</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilkinson Jos</td><td class="tcol3">75-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilkinson John</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Worsham John</td><td class="tcol5">1104</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Womack Abr</td><td class="tcol5">560</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willson Jno Sen</td><td class="tcol5">1686</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willson Jno Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walthall Richard</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wortham Geo</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wortham Charles</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Womack Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">24489-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 2em;">W</td><td class="tcol3">24489-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">V</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">T</td><td class="tcol5">4471</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">S</td><td class="tcol5">7557</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">R</td><td class="tcol5">14648</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">P</td><td class="tcol5">19937</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">O</td><td class="tcol5">396</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">N</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">M</td><td class="tcol5">1030</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">L</td><td class="tcol5">3959</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">K</td><td class="tcol5">3342</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">J</td><td class="tcol5">3154</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">H</td><td class="tcol5">9242</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">G</td><td class="tcol5">5571</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">F</td><td class="tcol5">9024</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">E</td><td class="tcol5">6061</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">D</td><td class="tcol5">313</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">C</td><td class="tcol3">15171-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">B</td><td class="tcol5">33590</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">A</td><td class="tcol5">4106</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">165814</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Out of which must be deducted +these several quantities of land following Viz:</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tancocks Orphans Land</td><td class="tcol5">1230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allens Orphans Land</td><td class="tcol5">99</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1329</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">An account of Land that hath been concealed</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Steward Jun</td><td class="tcol5">2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jefferson</td><td class="tcol5">15</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Turpin</td><td class="tcol5">10</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Gee</td><td class="tcol5">10</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephen Sarrzen</td><td class="tcol5">10</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Lownd</td><td class="tcol5">1</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Atkin Sen</td><td class="tcol5">32</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthew Branch</td><td class="tcol5">10</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Franklin</td><td class="tcol5">360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Hill</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rosemond Hill</td><td class="tcol5">33</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Bullington</td><td class="tcol5">44</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benjamin Lockett</td><td class="tcol5">4</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Russell</td><td class="tcol5">23</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Douglas</td><td class="tcol5">13</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Col Randolph Carless Land</td><td class="tcol5">1049</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1669</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">The Quit Rent being 162719 acres.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span></p> +<p class="sec"><a name="Prince_George" id="Prince_George"></a>A Rent Roll of all the Lands held in the County of Prince George for +the Year 1704</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Prince George"> +<tr><td class="lead">A</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%;">Thomas Anderson</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Aldridge</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Charles Anderson</td><td class="tcol5">505</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Adkinson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Adams</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthem Anderson</td><td class="tcol5">349</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Ally</td><td class="tcol5">390</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Anderson</td><td class="tcol5">235</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Anderson</td><td class="tcol5">228</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Anderson</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Abernathy</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Avery</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3217</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">B</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Bland</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Birchett</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arthur Biggins</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Benford</td><td class="tcol5">461</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Barloe</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Bartholomew</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Burlowe</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Brewer</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bishop Sen</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bishop Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isaac Baites</td><td class="tcol5">360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Busby Capt</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Busby</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Batt</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Byrd Esq</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Birchett</td><td class="tcol5">886</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Bolling</td><td class="tcol5">3402</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmund Browder</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matus Brittler</td><td class="tcol5">510</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Butler</td><td class="tcol5">1385</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrew Beck</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Batt</td><td class="tcol5">790</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Butler</td><td class="tcol5">283</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Blitchodin</td><td class="tcol5">284</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">12986</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">C</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Curiton</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Chammins</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Clements</td><td class="tcol5">1920</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Claunton</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Catte</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bartho Crowder</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Clay</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Coleman</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Crook</td><td class="tcol5">489</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Coleman</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Clay</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Coleman Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Croohet</td><td class="tcol5">30</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Cocke</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Carlill</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Clerk</td><td class="tcol5">83</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richarl Claunton</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephen Cock for Jones Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">2405</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">7622</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">D</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Drayton</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Doby</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Dowing</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Davis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Duglas</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Darding</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christopher Davis</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Dunkin</td><td class="tcol5">136</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2156</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">E</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Ellis</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Epes Sen</td><td class="tcol5">530</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Epes Sen</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Epes</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Epes</td><td class="tcol3">633-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Epes</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Littlebury Epes</td><td class="tcol3">833-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj Evans</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Edwards</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dan Epes</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Evans</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Ellis Jun</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Ellis Sen</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Evans</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Evans</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Francis Epes</td><td class="tcol5">226</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">7243</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lead">F</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Freeman</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Frost</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Fountaine</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Fellows</td><td class="tcol5">418</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Flood</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj Foster</td><td class="tcol5">923</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Field</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2241</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">G</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Green</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Gord</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">David Goodgamd</td><td class="tcol5">479</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Greithian</td><td class="tcol5">363</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Major Goodrich</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Goodwin</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hubert Gibson</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Griffith</td><td class="tcol5">335</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Griffin</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Gee</td><td class="tcol5">484</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Gillam</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hugh Goelightly</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Green</td><td class="tcol5">149</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Grigg</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Gillam</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Goelightly</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">5435</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">H</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Hill</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Hickdon</td><td class="tcol5">280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Harthorn</td><td class="tcol5">243</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hamlin</td><td class="tcol3">1484-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Harrison Esq</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ralph Hill</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Harrison</td><td class="tcol5">1930</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Heath</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Holloway</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Hobbs</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hobbs Sen</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Holloway Sen</td><td class="tcol5">620</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hobbs</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Harrison</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gilbert Haye</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Hudson</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gabriell Harrison</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Hix</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Holycross</td><td class="tcol5">84</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Howell</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sam Harwell</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isaac Hall</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Howell</td><td class="tcol5">183</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Howell</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mrs. Herbert</td><td class="tcol5">3925</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hixs</td><td class="tcol5">216</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Hamlin</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Harnison</td><td class="tcol5">1077</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Hamlin</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Hulme</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jeffrey Hawkes</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adam Heath</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hill</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hardiman</td><td class="tcol5">872</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Justance Hall</td><td class="tcol5">614</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">17366</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">J</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Jones Jun</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Jones Sen</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Jones</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Jones</td><td class="tcol5">241</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmund Irby</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nich. Jarrett</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Jackson</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adam Ivie</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jackson</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Jones Sen</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Ivye</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Jones</td><td class="tcol5">621</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ricard Jones</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ralph Jacskon</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joshua Irby</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Jones</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">6542</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">K</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Kirkland</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John King</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry King</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arthur Kavanah</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ensobius King</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">L</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Livesley</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuel Lewey</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Lumbady</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Leeneir</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mrs Low</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sam Lewey for Netherland Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">498</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Lewis Sen</td><td class="tcol5">200</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hugh Liegh</td><td class="tcol5">762</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Leadbeatter</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Leadbeatter</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Low</td><td class="tcol5">1584</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3114</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">M</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Madox</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Munford</td><td class="tcol5">339</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Mingo Sen</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matt Marks</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Moody</td><td class="tcol5">328</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Mallory</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Mallone</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Mayes</td><td class="tcol5">365</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard More</td><td class="tcol5">472</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Mitchell Sen</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Mitchell</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Mayes</td><td class="tcol5">763</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Murrell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Mitchell Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Mitchell</td><td class="tcol5">305</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Mitchell Jun</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Maberry</td><td class="tcol5">347</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Matthews</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Martin</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">6839</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">N</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Newman</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walter Nannaley</td><td class="tcol5">299</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">419</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">O</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Overburry</td><td class="tcol5">809</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Owen</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">834</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">P</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Pasmore</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Poythwes Sen</td><td class="tcol5">1283</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Pattison</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Pail</td><td class="tcol5">246</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nathaniel Phillips</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Price</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Peoples</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Peoples</td><td class="tcol5">235</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Perry</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Pigeon</td><td class="tcol5">524</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Potts</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Pritchett</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Petterson</td><td class="tcol5">373</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Pace</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ephram Parkam</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Poythres</td><td class="tcol5">616</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dand Peoples</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grace Perry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Poythres Jun</td><td class="tcol5">916</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Petterson</td><td class="tcol5">420</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr Micajah Perry</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">9203</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">R</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Roberts</td><td class="tcol5">316</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nath. Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Reace Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Read</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Reace Sen</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Reanes</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Frances Raye</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Reeks</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Rachell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Timothy Reading Sen</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Riners</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Richardson</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Randolph</td><td class="tcol5">226</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2677</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">S</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthew Smart</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Standback</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Symmons</td><td class="tcol5">566</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Salmen</td><td class="tcol5">477</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Savage</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Sandborne</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Scott</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martin Shieffield</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Smith</td><td class="tcol5">67</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Stroud</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Seeking</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Sexton</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Leveaker</td><td class="tcol5">710</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chichester Sturdivant</td><td class="tcol5">214</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Sturdivant</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Smith</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Spaine</td><td class="tcol5">118</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthew Sturdivant</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Stith</td><td class="tcol3">470-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">8272-1/2</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="lead">T</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Major Henry Tooker for the Merchants in London</td><td class="tcol5">4600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ricard Jones</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Tilliman</td><td class="tcol5">446</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Tilliman</td><td class="tcol5">530</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Tomlinson</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adam Tapley</td><td class="tcol5">977</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Jno Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">1700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mich. Taburd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maj<sup>r</sup> Tooker</td><td class="tcol5">181</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Tooker</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Tester</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Tooker</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Tempel</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Thornhill</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nath. Tatham Jun</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuel Tatham Sen</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuel Tatham Jun</td><td class="tcol5">195</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Talley</td><td class="tcol5">639</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Turberfield</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Tucker</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nath. Tatham Sen</td><td class="tcol5">501</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Thrower</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Thrower</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">306</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanders Tapley</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Tapley</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Thweat Sen</td><td class="tcol5">715</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Thweat Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Tucker</td><td class="tcol5">212</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Thrower</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">14462</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">V</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Vaughan</td><td class="tcol5">169</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuel Vaugham</td><td class="tcol5">169</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nath. Vrooin</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Vaughan</td><td class="tcol5">169</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Vaughan</td><td class="tcol5">169</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Vaughan</td><td class="tcol5">309</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Vaughan</td><td class="tcol5">309</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Vinson</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Vaughan</td><td class="tcol5">169</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2163</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">W</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Woodlife Sen</td><td class="tcol5">644</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Wallis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Wickett</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. James Wynn</td><td class="tcol5">860</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Woodlife Jun</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Winningham Jun</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Wallpoole</td><td class="tcol5">625</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Womack</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Thomas Wynn</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Wall</td><td class="tcol5">233</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Winningham</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Woodlife</td><td class="tcol5">844</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Worthern</td><td class="tcol5">1600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Winkles</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Nicholas Wyatt</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Antho Wyatt</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Valentine Wiliamson</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hurldy Wick</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Wilkins</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Wilkins</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Winkfield</td><td class="tcol5">107</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jarvis Winkfield</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Wall</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Wilkins</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Williams</td><td class="tcol5">1436</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Williams</td><td class="tcol5">216</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno White</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Winningham</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuel Woodward</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">13684</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">Y</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dannell Young</td><td class="tcol5">283</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Young</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">583</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 2em;">A</td><td class="tcol5">3217</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">B</td><td class="tcol5">12986</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">C</td><td class="tcol5">7622</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">D</td><td class="tcol5">2156</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">E</td><td class="tcol5">7243</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">F</td><td class="tcol5">2241</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">G</td><td class="tcol5">5435</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">H</td><td class="tcol3">17366-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">J</td><td class="tcol5">6542</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">K</td><td class="tcol5">1160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">L</td><td class="tcol5">5114</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">M</td><td class="tcol5">6839</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">N</td><td class="tcol5">419</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">O</td><td class="tcol5">834</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">P</td><td class="tcol5">9203</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">R</td><td class="tcol5">2677</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">S</td><td class="tcol5">8272</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">T</td><td class="tcol5">14462</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">V</td><td class="tcol5">2163</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">W</td><td class="tcol5">13684</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Y</td><td class="tcol5">583</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">127218-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Deduct the new discovered Land</td><td class="tcol5">10000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Accounted for</td><td class="tcol3">117218-1/2</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Orphans Land which is refulld + paying Quit Rents for viz:</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. John Bannister Orphans + per Stephen Cock</td><td class="tcol5">1970</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Henry Batesorph and + their Mother Mrs Mary Bates</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Henry Randolph Orphans + per Capt Giles Webb</td><td class="tcol5">129</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morris Halliham Orphans + per Robert Rivers</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crockson Land formerly + & who it belongs to now I + cannot find</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">4245</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">117218-1/2 acres at 24 lb tob<sup>o</sup><br /> per + 100 is</td><td class="tcol5">28132 lb tobacco</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"> at 5s per lb is</td><td class="tcol5">70 6 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sallary 10 per cent</td><td class="tcol3">7 0 10-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">—————</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">63 5 7-1/2</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">per William Epes Sheriff</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Surry" id="Surry"></a>Rent Roll of all the Lands held of her Maj<sup>tie</sup> In Surry County +Anno Domini 1704</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Surry"> +<tr><td class="lead">A</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%;">Allin Arthur Major</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">6780</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrews Bartho</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Avery Jno</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Atkins Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Averett Jno</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Atkinson Richard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrews Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrews Robert</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrews David</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">8150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">B</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker Henry Coll</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bruton James</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bennett James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bland Sarah</td><td class="tcol5">1455</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Browne Jno</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benbridge George</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bighton Richard</td><td class="tcol5">590</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Bell</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Berham Robert</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blake Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Browne Edward</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bincham Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bennett Richard</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker Sarah</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Briggs Sarah</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baxter Joell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Briggs Samuel</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blico Christopher</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brigs Charles</td><td class="tcol5">331</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brigs Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bentley</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blackbun Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blunt Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">1355</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bookey, Edward</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Browne Wm Coll</td><td class="tcol5">2510</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Browne Wm Capt</td><td class="tcol5">398</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bineham James</td><td class="tcol5">157</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bullock Mary</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barker Jno</td><td class="tcol5">1160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bagley Peter</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barker Jery</td><td class="tcol5">420</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bunell Hezichiah</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bougher Phill</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baile Jno</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bagley Edward</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">14716</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">C</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chapman Benjamin</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cockin Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cocker Jno</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crafort Robert</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crafort Carter</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chambers Wm</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clark Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cook Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carriell Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clements Jno</td><td class="tcol5">387</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clarke Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cook Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carriell Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clements Jno</td><td class="tcol5">387</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clark Robert</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Checett James</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cotten Walter</td><td class="tcol5">257</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cotten Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">257</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Collier Jno</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Collier Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cock Wm</td><td class="tcol5">630</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cock Walter</td><td class="tcol5">875</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cooper James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cleaments Francis</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Collier Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Candenscaine Obedience</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">7746</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">D</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dicks James</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Arthur</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Drew Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Drew Edward</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Delk Roger</td><td class="tcol5">790</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">David Arthur</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dean Richard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Nath.</td><td class="tcol5">157</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3357</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">E</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Wm Mr.</td><td class="tcol5">2755</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Evans Antho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward John</td><td class="tcol5">470</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ellitt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmund Howell</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ellis James</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmund Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ellis Edward</td><td class="tcol5">30</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ellis James</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ezell Geirge</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ellis Jere</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Evans Abrah.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">4705</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">F</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Flake Robert</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Foster Anne</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ford George</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Flood Walter</td><td class="tcol5">820</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Flood Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ford Elias</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Flemin Lawrence</td><td class="tcol5">360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Foster Christo</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Foster Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ferieby Benj</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">G</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gray Wm Capt</td><td class="tcol5">1750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gray Wm Jun</td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grines Austis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gwalney Wm</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gray Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gwalney Wm</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goodman Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gillham Hinche</td><td class="tcol5">658</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Griffin John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gully Richard</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gray Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Green Edward</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Green Richard</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">5393</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">H</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harrison Benj Coll</td><td class="tcol5">2750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harrison Nath. Capt</td><td class="tcol5">2177</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hunt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">4042</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holt Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">1450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holt John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holt Thomas Capt</td><td class="tcol5">538</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">630</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hart Henry</td><td class="tcol5">725</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Humfort Hugh</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hancock John</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hart Robert</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Humphrey Evan</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hollyman Mary</td><td class="tcol5">290</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harde Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Robert</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holloman Richard</td><td class="tcol5">480</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hargrove Bryan</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Humfort Wm</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Lyon</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holloman Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Heath Adam</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harrison Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ham Richard</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Heart Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hyerd Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hunt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">696</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Horne Richard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hollingsworth Henry</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Howell Wm</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">18413</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">J</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jackman Jos John Mr.</td><td class="tcol5">2980</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones James</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jarrell Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">115</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jarrett Charles</td><td class="tcol5">615</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Judkins Samuell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Judkins Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jurdan George</td><td class="tcol5">620</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jarrett Fardo</td><td class="tcol5">630</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson John</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jurdan Richard</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">7220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">K</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kigan Mary</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Killingworth Wm</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Knott Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">560</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">L</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ludwell Philip Coll</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lancaster Robert</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lacey Mary</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lang Mary</td><td class="tcol5">77</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lane Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lane Thomas Jun</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Laughter Jno</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Laneere George</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lasley Patrick</td><td class="tcol5">520</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lucas Wm</td><td class="tcol5">315</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3212</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">M</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthew Edmund</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Merriell George</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moorland Edward</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mason Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mallory Francis</td><td class="tcol5">147</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Merrett Matt.</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Middleton Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moss Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moreing John</td><td class="tcol5">695</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mierick Owen</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2177</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">N</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Newton Wm</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Newton Robert</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Newitt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Norwood Richard</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholl George</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nichols Robert</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Noeway Barefoot</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Norwood George</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1745</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">P</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Park Mary</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pittman Thomas Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Phillips, John</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Price John</td><td class="tcol5">340</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pettoway Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pulystone Jno</td><td class="tcol5">1400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parker Richard</td><td class="tcol5">269</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Phelps Humphrey</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pully Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Procter Joshua</td><td class="tcol5">660</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Persons John</td><td class="tcol5">830</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Phillips Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pettfort Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pettfort Wm</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">5569</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">R</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Randolph Wm Coll</td><td class="tcol5">1655</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ruffice Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">3001</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reynolds Robert</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richardson Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reynolds Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reagon Frances</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roads Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rolling George</td><td class="tcol5">106</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Road Wm</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rose Richard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Raehell George</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rowling Jno</td><td class="tcol5">476</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rohings Wm</td><td class="tcol5">596</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Wm</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">7854</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">S</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scat Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">295</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sims George</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Secoms Nicholas</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Savage Charles</td><td class="tcol5">358</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stringfellow Richard</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Suger Jno</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sewurds Anne</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sharp Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sewins Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Steward John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Richard</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Savage Mary</td><td class="tcol5">263</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Swann Wm</td><td class="tcol5">1800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shrowsbury Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shrowsbury Francis</td><td class="tcol5">820</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Savage Henry</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Short Wm</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scarbro Edw</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scagin Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Simmons Jno</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shrowsbury Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">566</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stockly Richard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">380</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">10237</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">T</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thompson Samuell</td><td class="tcol5">3104</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tooker Henry Major</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Ethelred</td><td class="tcol5">538</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thorp Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tyous Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Richard</td><td class="tcol5">77</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">——</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">5069</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">V</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vincent Mary</td><td class="tcol5">187</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">W</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wright Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Charles</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wall Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wall Joseph Jun</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Warren Allen</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Warren Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">1040</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Richard</td><td class="tcol5">1345</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Roger</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb Robert</td><td class="tcol5">340</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wattkins John</td><td class="tcol5">1160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Warren Robert</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Welch Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Warrick John</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilkinson Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wiggins Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waple Jno</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Witherington Nicholas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Will Roger</td><td class="tcol5">78</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">White Charles</td><td class="tcol5">136</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">——</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">6679</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">Y</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Young John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 2em;">A</td><td class="tcol5">8150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">B</td><td class="tcol5">14716</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">C</td><td class="tcol5">7746</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">D</td><td class="tcol5">3357</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">E</td><td class="tcol5">4705</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">F</td><td class="tcol5">2800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">G</td><td class="tcol5">5393</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">H</td><td class="tcol5">18413</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">J</td><td class="tcol5">7220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">K</td><td class="tcol5">560</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">L</td><td class="tcol5">3212</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">M</td><td class="tcol5">2177</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">N</td><td class="tcol5">1745</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">P</td><td class="tcol5">5569</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">R</td><td class="tcol5">7854</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">S</td><td class="tcol5">10237</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">T</td><td class="tcol5">5069</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">V</td><td class="tcol5">187</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">W</td><td class="tcol5">6679</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Y</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">116089</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">New Land allowed per order</td><td class="tcol5">3841</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">112248</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Aprill 19th 1705 +Errors excepted per + Jos Jno. Jackman Sheriff.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Persons denying payment for Lands + held in this County (viz) Capt + Tho Holt as belonging to Mr. Tho + Benules Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mrs. Mary White</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1150</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span></td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Lands held by persons living out of + the Country</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Jno Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mrs. Sarah Low</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Jno Hamlin</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Thomas Harrison</td><td class="tcol5">530</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3130</td></tr> + +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Bartho Clement one tract of Land + he living in England the quantity + unknowne</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Davis one Tract Living in Isle + of Wight</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo & River Jorden one Tract & + denys to pay Qt Rents for it & + no persons living thereon, there is + one Bray Living in Warwick has + a small tract Land</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Isle_Wighte" id="Isle_Wighte"></a>A List of her Maj<sup>tys</sup> Q<sup>t</sup> Rents For the Isle Wighte County in the +Year 1704</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Isle Wighte"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">Jno Atkins</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Atkinson</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Exam</td><td class="tcol5">1440</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Brown</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Exam</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Bennett</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Briggs</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ph. Bratley</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abr. Drawler</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Branch</td><td class="tcol5">45</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Branch</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Brantley</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Brantley</td><td class="tcol5">364</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Boykin</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Barloe</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Geoge</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Carter</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reubin Cooke</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Clarke</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Cook</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Clark</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Champion</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Dowles</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Deberry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Davis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Davis</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Hayes</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christo. Hollyman</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Hardy</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Holyman</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Harris</td><td class="tcol5">365</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Silvester Hill</td><td class="tcol5">925</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Hodge</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arthur Jones</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Jones</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Jones</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Johnson</td><td class="tcol5">890</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Ingram</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matt. Jorden</td><td class="tcol5">1950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Newman</td><td class="tcol5">360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Readich</td><td class="tcol5">790</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Lee</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ph. Pardoe</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Parsons</td><td class="tcol5">155</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Moore</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Mangann</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Mongo</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Martin</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Murray</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Rayner</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Richardson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Sampson</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Stevenson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Sherrer</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Sherrer</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Tooke</td><td class="tcol5">1228</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Throp</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baleaby Terrell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Vasser</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Williams</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Williamson</td><td class="tcol5">2735</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fra. Williamson</td><td class="tcol5">2035</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Wood</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Lupe</td><td class="tcol5">45</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Reynolds</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Sojourner</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Hoge</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrew Woodley</td><td class="tcol5">770</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arthur Allen</td><td class="tcol5">1800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Baker</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rubin Prochter</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Howell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nath Whitby</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jane Atkins</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Mongo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Natt Ridley</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bell</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm West</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Goodrich</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Britt</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Barnes</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Goldham</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Waltham</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Edwards</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Exam</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Major Lewis Burwell</td><td class="tcol5">7000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Applewaite</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Pitt</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Pitt</td><td class="tcol5">3400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Benn</td><td class="tcol5">675</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Clark</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Antho Holliday</td><td class="tcol5">860</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Westrah</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Gardner</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Gardner</td><td class="tcol5">246</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Turner</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Antho Foulgham</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Williams</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Harris</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Cotton</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Joyner</td><td class="tcol5">1400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Lawrence</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Mandue</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Mayo</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Garcand</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Bryan</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Keate</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Browne</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Sanders</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Rogers</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hodges Councie</td><td class="tcol5">420</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hardy Councie</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Councie</td><td class="tcol5">760</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Reeves</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Crumpler</td><td class="tcol5">580</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bridgeman Joyner</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Swan</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jones</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arthur Whitehead</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Allen</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jerimiah Exam</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Casey</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Giles</td><td class="tcol5">1150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alexander Camoll</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Rutter</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Godfrey Hunt</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Trygell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj Jorden</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jorden</td><td class="tcol5">207</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno King</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Wilkinson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Grace</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm West</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Penny</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Richards</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Northworthy</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fra Parker</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Long</td><td class="tcol5">104</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Trustram Northworthy</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Green</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Druer</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Peerce</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Best</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Humphrey Marshall</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Brewer</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Smith</td><td class="tcol5">2100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuel & Wm Bridger</td><td class="tcol5">12900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Williams</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Ratcliffe</td><td class="tcol5">380</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joshua Jordan</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniall Sandbourne</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Houghan</td><td class="tcol5">780</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Marshall</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Godwin</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Bridger</td><td class="tcol5">580</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Pitt</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Baron</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arthur Smith</td><td class="tcol5">3607</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Broch</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Godwin</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hugh Bracey</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Turner</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Wootten</td><td class="tcol5">963</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Reynolds Esq</td><td class="tcol5">853</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Reynolds</td><td class="tcol5">746</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Parnell</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj Deall</td><td class="tcol5">467</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thdo. Joyner</td><td class="tcol5">595</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Jordan</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Wiggs</td><td class="tcol5">506</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Body</td><td class="tcol5">1375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arthur Purcell</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Porteus</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm West</td><td class="tcol5">690</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Simon Everett</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walter Waters</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Jordan</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Nevill</td><td class="tcol5">433</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Colman</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Green</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Cobb</td><td class="tcol5">150</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Edwards</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Jones</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abraham Jones</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Jones</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Lewis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Dullard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Williams</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Mercer</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Poole Hall</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Howell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Lovett</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Anderson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Nottiboy</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Wilkinson</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Watkins</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas English</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Page</td><td class="tcol5">203</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Davis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Braswell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Johnson</td><td class="tcol5">2450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Minshea</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Pryan</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Dawes</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Tyner</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isaac Ricks</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Scott</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Roberts</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Duck</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Lawrence</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Denson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Smelly</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Bridle</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Fearlton</td><td class="tcol5">237</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Bullock</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Marfry</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Powell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Glyn</td><td class="tcol5">390</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Pope</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Gayle</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Powell</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Hutchins</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Boseman</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Pope</td><td class="tcol5">557</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Williams</td><td class="tcol5">971</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Sanders</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Selloway</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bardin</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Phill Rayford</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Phill Pearse</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Terseley</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo Northworthy</td><td class="tcol5">1176</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Richards</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Bevan</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Hunter</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Madison Street</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Wheatley</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Wilkinson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Bragg</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Portous</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Harris</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Harris</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Askew</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ambrose Hadley</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Powell</td><td class="tcol5">480</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jones</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Underwood</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert King</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Giles</td><td class="tcol5">880</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Smelly</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Smelly</td><td class="tcol5">280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Godfrey Hunt</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmund Godwin</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Williams</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Wilson</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Bryan</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Askew</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Bridger</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Nevill</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Godwin</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jacob Durden</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">138533</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Wm Bridger.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Nansemond" id="Nansemond"></a>A Compleat List of the Rent Roll of the Land in Nansemond County +In Anno 1704</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Nansemond"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">John Murdaugh</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Duke</td><td class="tcol5">113</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Duke Jun</td><td class="tcol5">930</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Roberts</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Paul Pender</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Duke</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Fowler</td><td class="tcol5">440</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Baker</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isaac Sketto</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Sketto</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Antho Gumms</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Sketto.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Parker</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Parker</td><td class="tcol5">170</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Parker</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Small</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moses Hall</td><td class="tcol5">95</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Beamond</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Parker</td><td class="tcol5">514</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt James Jessey</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Sanders</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Sanders</td><td class="tcol5">165</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Mansfield</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Woodley</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrew Bourne</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gilbert Owen</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Sanders Jun</td><td class="tcol5">165</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt John Speir</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt James Reddick</td><td class="tcol5">943</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Griffin</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Stallings</td><td class="tcol5">965</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Stallings</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Stallings</td><td class="tcol5">165</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elias Stallings Jun</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Baker</td><td class="tcol5">740</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Jones</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Roundtree</td><td class="tcol5">245</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Roundtree</td><td class="tcol5">475</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Spivey</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Spivey</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Knight</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Gorden</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Arnold</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Mulleny</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Docton</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Britt</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nath Newby</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elias Stalling</td><td class="tcol5">470</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Lassiter</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Patrick Wood</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Thompson</td><td class="tcol5">133</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jonathan Kitterell</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adam Rabey</td><td class="tcol5">586</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Powell</td><td class="tcol5">758</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Reddick</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Copeland</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Davis</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Smith</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Harrald</td><td class="tcol5">652</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Baker</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Smith</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Hood</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Roundtree</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Hill</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Larkhum</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Vann</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Cooper</td><td class="tcol5">267</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Harris</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Copeland</td><td class="tcol5">513</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Price</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Hill</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Spivey</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Campbell</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Morley</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jos Rogers</td><td class="tcol5">15</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Cole</td><td class="tcol5">814</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Harrald</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christopher Gawin Jun</td><td class="tcol5">20</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Horton</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Bruin</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Eason</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Pugh</td><td class="tcol5">2300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj Blanchard</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Norfleet</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Odum</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Gough</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hugh Gough</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Epapap Boyne</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Baker</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christopher Gwin</td><td class="tcol5">1010</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Speirs</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Epaphra Benton</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Eason</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrew Brown</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Horne</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Reddick</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Hackley</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Roberts</td><td class="tcol5">30</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abr Reddick</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Parker</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Barefield</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Benton</td><td class="tcol5">660</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Pipkin</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jos Brady</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christopher Dudley</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Norris</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Wiggins</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Patrick Lawley</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Warren</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Odium</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Davis</td><td class="tcol5">340</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Barefield</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Eason</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jerimiah Arlin</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Perry</td><td class="tcol5">870</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Drury</td><td class="tcol5">87</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Booth</td><td class="tcol5">987</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cresham Cofield</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Sumner</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Norfleet</td><td class="tcol5">200</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Norfleet</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Moore</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Moore</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Lawry</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Daughtie</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Wallis</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Sanders Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Byrd</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Howard</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Brinkley</td><td class="tcol5">430</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Horning</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Speirs</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Exum</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Larrence</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Perry</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sampson Merridith</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Thomas Milner</td><td class="tcol5">1484</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Merridith</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Kinder</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry King</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Hine</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm King</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Julian King</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mich King</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Tho Godwin Jun</td><td class="tcol5">697</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Lawrence</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno King</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Hyne</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Francis Milner</td><td class="tcol5">479</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj Nevill</td><td class="tcol5">475</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Marler</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Keene</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Symmons</td><td class="tcol5">678</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hen: Johnson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Darden</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Everett</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Pope</td><td class="tcol5">890</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Worrell</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jemegan Jun</td><td class="tcol5">135</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Lawerence</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jonathan Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Yates</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Odium</td><td class="tcol5">20</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Barefield</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Raules</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Boyt</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Vaughan</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Parker</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Green</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Ballard</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Watson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Spight</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Ballard</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Oxley</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj Rogers</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Rogers</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Jerregan</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hansell</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Jenkins</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt William Hunter</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Moore</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Moore</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Homes</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fra Cambridge</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Ward</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Rice</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Battaile</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Spite</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abr Oadham</td><td class="tcol5">20</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jacob Oadam</td><td class="tcol5">20</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Lee</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Macklenny</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Coleman</td><td class="tcol5">1400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bryan</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Daughtree</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Copeland</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Butler</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Butler</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Roads</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Collins</td><td class="tcol5">1220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hedgpath</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Holland</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Carr</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Waters</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Lawrence</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Bryon</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Bryon</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Lawrence</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Gatlin</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Gutchins</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Lawrence</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Daughtree</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Rogers</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Rogers</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Core</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Cobb</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Brewer</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Osburne</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Biswell</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Gatlin</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Folk</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Parker</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Parker</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Parker</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Hine Jun</td><td class="tcol5">200</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephen Archer</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Roades</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Roades</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Collings</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Holland</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Kerle</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Holland</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Thomas Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Mason</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Mason</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Sanders</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mich Brinkley</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Moore</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Blumpton</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Symmons</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jeremiah Edmunds</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Gay</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Aylsberry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Copeland</td><td class="tcol5">390</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Brothers</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Creech</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Bond</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Handcock</td><td class="tcol5">30</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Knott</td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Edwards</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Elkes</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Price</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jane Belson</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Staples</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Mountgomery</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Moore</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Edmund Godwin</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Wakefield</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Godfrey Hunt</td><td class="tcol5">360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henery Wilkinson</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Dixon</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Keeley</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Coefield</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Hollyday</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr Jno Braisseur</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Best</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alexander Campbell</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Charles Drury</td><td class="tcol5">570</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Drury</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Luke Shea</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Babb</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abraham Edwards</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Sanders</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Antho Wallis</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Sullivan</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Ellis</td><td class="tcol5">290</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Hunter</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Webb</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Hare</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christopher Norfleet</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Heslop</td><td class="tcol5">148</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Benton</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Wm Sumner</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Syrte</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Hare</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Porter</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Welsh</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Winbourne</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Paul Pender</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mich Cowling</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Cowling</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rowland Gwyn</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrew Ross</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Ballard</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benjamin Montgomery</td><td class="tcol5">910</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Corbell</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Yates</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno White</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George White</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bond</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Hay</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Bowes</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Sevill</td><td class="tcol5">85</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hambleton</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Jordan</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Howard</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ruth Coefield</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Chilcott</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Rutter</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Rutter</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Rutter</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Barnaby Kerney</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Cutchins</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Lawrence</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Cahoone</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Iles</td><td class="tcol5">220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Sawyer</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Outland</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll George Northworthy</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Thomas Godwin</td><td class="tcol5">810</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Caleb Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Carnell</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Bradley</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Corbin</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Sykes</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Major Thomas Jorden</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Lovegrove</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Davis</td><td class="tcol5">144</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Farmer</td><td class="tcol5">160</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Bradley</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Clarke</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Margarett Jorden</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Elkes</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Humphrey Mires</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Ward</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdow Hudnell</td><td class="tcol5">45</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Grandberry</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Israell Shepherd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj. Small</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Crandberry</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Roberts</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Sclator</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Murrow</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Peters</td><td class="tcol5">334</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jones</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Butler</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Samuell Bridger</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Lawrence</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jarregan</td><td class="tcol5">165</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jarregan Jun</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Drury</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Butler</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Jenkins</td><td class="tcol5">860</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Bathurst</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Houffler</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Streater</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Duffield</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Thomas Jun</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Blessington</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ursula Goodwin</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Acwell</td><td class="tcol5">440</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Peale</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Lambkin</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Murphice</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Peale</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Peters</td><td class="tcol5">368</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Peters</td><td class="tcol5">340</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Wakefield</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Wynn</td><td class="tcol5">890</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Lockhart</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Keeton</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">117024</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Murrow</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">117224</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Added to make up equll the last year list which may be supposed to be held by persons that have not made both</td><td class="tcol5">13850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">131074</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Persons living out of the County and other that will not pay or give account. Viz:</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Thomas Lovett</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Jno Wright</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fra Parker Jun</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Martin</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Wright</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Lapiter</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Lapiter</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Luke Haffield</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mrs Elizabeth Swann</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Errors excepted per me Henry Jenkins</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Norfolk" id="Norfolk"></a>An Alphabetical List of the Quit Rents of Norfolk County 1704</p> + + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Norfolk"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">Ashley Dennis</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Avis Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adam Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alexander John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barington Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bartee Robert</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bull Robert Sen</td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blanch Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bond Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bruce Abraham</td><td class="tcol5">1010</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowers Jno</td><td class="tcol5">166</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bolton Wm</td><td class="tcol5">212</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Byron Roger</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bayley Walter</td><td class="tcol5">290</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bruce Jno</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bishop Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bull Henry</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bucken Wm</td><td class="tcol5">410</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Babington Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Babington Jno</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Babington Rich</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burges George</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burges Robert</td><td class="tcol5">535</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Butt Richard</td><td class="tcol5">1840</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Edward</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bigg Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Balingtine Alexander</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Balengtine George</td><td class="tcol5">510</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bull Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">2200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bramble Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blake Arthur</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bolton Richard</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Branton John</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bacheldon Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bush Samuell Major</td><td class="tcol5">1628</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Balingtine Wm</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowles Henry</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cartwright Peter</td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cooper Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cooper Jno</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cramore George</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carling Walton</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carling Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Curch Richard</td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Churey Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cuthrell Going</td><td class="tcol5">470</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crekmore Edward</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cartwright Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Corprew Jno</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Corprew Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crekmore Jno</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Caswell Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Colley Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cottell Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Conden Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">390</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Conner Lewis</td><td class="tcol5">2200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carney Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carney Richard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Collins Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crekmore Edmund</td><td class="tcol5">690</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charleton Jno</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cutrell Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chapman Richard</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Churey Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Churey Jno</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dixon Jno</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Wm Sen</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Wm</td><td class="tcol5">158</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dresdall Robert</td><td class="tcol5">318</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">332</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Desnall Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Edward</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dalley Henry</td><td class="tcol5">1524</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dalley Wm</td><td class="tcol5">156</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">340</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Denby Edward</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Hugh</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Etherdge Thomas Cooper</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Etherdge Thomas B R</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Etherdge Thomas Sen</td><td class="tcol5">34</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Etherdge Thomas Jun</td><td class="tcol5">33</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Etherdge Edward</td><td class="tcol5">66</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Etherdge Wm</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Etherdge Wm Jun</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Etherdge Marmaduke</td><td class="tcol5">525</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmonds John</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ellis Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Etherdge Edward Cooper</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Estwood Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Estwood John</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Etherdge Edward Sen</td><td class="tcol5">33</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwards John</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Etherdge Charles</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Evans Abrigall</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Furgison Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Freeman Jno</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Foreman Alexander</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Foster Henry</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ferbey Jno</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fulsher Jno</td><td class="tcol5">1396</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Godfry Waren</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Godfry John</td><td class="tcol5">1470</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Godfry Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grefen Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garen Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Guy John</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gwin Wm</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gilhgun Ferdinando</td><td class="tcol5">182</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gilhgan John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gresnes James</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gaines John</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Guy James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Herbert Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hayes Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris John</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holyday Jno</td><td class="tcol5">440</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hodges Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hoges Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">407</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hoges John</td><td class="tcol5">520</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hollowell Jno Sen</td><td class="tcol5">524</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hollygood Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hollowell Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holsted Henry</td><td class="tcol5">633</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hollowell Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">1280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holsted John</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hues Edward</td><td class="tcol5">1304</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hullett Jno</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hodges Roger</td><td class="tcol5">109</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hodges Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hodges Richard</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harvey Richard</td><td class="tcol5">265</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Handberry</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hollowell Elener</td><td class="tcol5">1550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Herbert Jno</td><td class="tcol5">400</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hargrave Benjamin</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hartwell Richard</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henland Jno</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ivey George</td><td class="tcol5">496</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jackson Symon</td><td class="tcol5">720</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ives Timothy</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ives Timothy Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ives John</td><td class="tcol5">434</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnston John</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnston Mercey</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joles Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joyce Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jolef Jno Jun</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jenings Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jolef Jno Sen</td><td class="tcol5">840</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kaine Richard</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Langley Wm</td><td class="tcol5">1487</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Langley Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">878</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Loveney James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Luelling Edward</td><td class="tcol5">315</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Luelling Richard</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lovell Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">740</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Low Henry</td><td class="tcol5">191</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lane Robert</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ludgall Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Levima John</td><td class="tcol5">510</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lenton Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mercer Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maning Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">97</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maning Nicholas</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mones Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">73</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthias Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Miller Wm</td><td class="tcol5">1090</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Miller Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Miller Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Murden Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Miller Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maund Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maning Jno Sen</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Miller Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">882</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mocey Dennis Sen & Jun</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mohan James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Murfrey Alexander</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maning Jno Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moseley Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Miller Widdow Sen</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mason Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Masom Lemuell</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mason Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">653</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mason George</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mockey Adam</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Newton George</td><td class="tcol5">1119</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholson Jno</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nash Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholson Henry</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nash Richard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Norcote Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">273</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Outlaw Edward</td><td class="tcol5">208</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Owens Wm</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Odyam Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pearce Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peters Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">698</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Portlock</td><td class="tcol5">360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Porter Samuell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Prescot Moses</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philpot Richard</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell Richard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell Lemuell</td><td class="tcol5">246</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell Wm</td><td class="tcol5">624</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Perkins Wm</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Patison Robert</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roberts Jos</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Samuell</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rose Robert</td><td class="tcol5">385</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rose Jno</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Randall Giles</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richardson Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">379</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Spring Robert</td><td class="tcol5">98</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Spivey Matt</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith John</td><td class="tcol5">127</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scoll Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Richard</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Silvester Richard</td><td class="tcol5">1280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Smith Sen</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sickes Walter Sen</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sickes John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sugg George</td><td class="tcol5">408</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sugg Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sayer Francis</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Humphrey</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Standbro Jno</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Standley Richard</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sharples Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sugg Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Symons Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">166</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Symon James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sparrow Wm</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tuker Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thornton Francis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thurston Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Theobald James</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thellaball Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tuker Richard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tuker Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">280</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Richard</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tully Jno</td><td class="tcol5">165</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tarte Elezar Sen</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Andrew</td><td class="tcol5">222</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tuker Jno</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tart Alice</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tarte Elezar Jun</td><td class="tcol5">595</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Wm</td><td class="tcol5">265</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Trigoney Henry</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Velle Moriss</td><td class="tcol5">335</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walice Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Weston Edward</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willoughby Thomas Coll</td><td class="tcol5">3200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Weshart John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodly Robert</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams John</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilder Mich</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williamson Jno</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whedon Jno Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willoughby Thomas Capt</td><td class="tcol5">660</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whedon Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">West John</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watson Robert</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wallis Richard</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wallis Jno</td><td class="tcol5">135</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wallis Wm</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whithurst Richard</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whithurst Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilkins Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whedbey George</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Worden James</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilson James Jun</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilson Lemuell</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilson James Coll</td><td class="tcol5">2800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodward Henry</td><td class="tcol5">280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whedon Jno Jun</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">White Patrick</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willis John</td><td class="tcol5">470</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Weldey Dorothy</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Jno</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wakfield Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilden Nath</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wooding Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood Edward</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watford Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">97</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wate John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wright Wm</td><td class="tcol5">574</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wright James</td><td class="tcol5">216</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wadborn Mich</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Jane</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb Mary</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Worminton John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilden Francis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdick Henry</td><td class="tcol5">343</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">113684</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">New discovered Land</td><td class="tcol5">1615</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">112069</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">An Account of the Land belonging to such persons out of the County and also others out of the County.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Cary</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tully Robinson</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Daves</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Berrey</td><td class="tcol5">95</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bennett</td><td class="tcol5">33</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Nasareth</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cornelius Tullery</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">James Wilson Sherriff</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Princess_Anne" id="Princess_Anne"></a>Princess Anne County Rent Roll 1704</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Princess Anne"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">John Carraway</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas More</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Chapman</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Poole</td><td class="tcol5">1085</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Whithurst</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Morris</td><td class="tcol5">63</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Joy</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Scott</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Smith</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Hife</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Smith</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Hattersley</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jolley</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mich Ventres</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Blomer Bray</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Mecoy</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Bond</td><td class="tcol5">264</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Wood</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Morrah</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alexander Morrah</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ruth Woodhouse</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Horatia Woodhouse</td><td class="tcol5">525</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph White</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jon Basnett</td><td class="tcol5">250</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Owen Wilbe</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Wm. Corneck</td><td class="tcol5">1974</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Oakham</td><td class="tcol5">390</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">David Scott</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Keeling</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adam Keeling</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Humphrey Smith</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Halise</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Wm Crawford</td><td class="tcol5">2650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Williamson</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Tranter</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Sherland</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Rany</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Old</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Lemuell Mason</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Francis Emperor</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Kemp</td><td class="tcol5">681</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bartho: Williamson</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Symon Hancock Jun</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Batten</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matth: Brinson</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Edward Mosseley Sen</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Martin</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Joslin</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alexander Lilburn</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James William</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Henry Spratt</td><td class="tcol5">1736</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Symon Hancock Sen</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Walk</td><td class="tcol5">298</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Kemp</td><td class="tcol5">340</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Randolph Lovett</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Davis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Sammons</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Edwards</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Benj. Burroughs</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Muncreef</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matt: Pallett</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mrs. Thurston</td><td class="tcol5">290</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lancaster Lovett</td><td class="tcol5">1850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Cartwright</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Cartwright</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nath: Macklakan</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adam Thorowgood</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Walstone</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Land</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Hall</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Catherill</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Doctor Browne</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Richardson</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Richmond</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Benson</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Pervine</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Attwood</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Moore</td><td class="tcol5">414</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Henry Woodhouse</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tully Emperor</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Godfrey</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Dyer</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Cooper</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Ship</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Buck</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Mallbourn</td><td class="tcol5">280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benjamin Roberts</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Jno Gibbs</td><td class="tcol5">3100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Sanford</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Harrison</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Lemon</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Wallsworth</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Capps</td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jacob Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephen Pace</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adam Hayes</td><td class="tcol5">1360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Chichester</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Dearemore</td><td class="tcol5">514</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Francis Morse</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Patrick Anguish</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Brock</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Brock</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Sullivant</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Sheene</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Acksted</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Hendley</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Duke Hill</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Job Brooks</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Brooks</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Turton</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Crosby</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Pisburn</td><td class="tcol5">314</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Sherwood</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Cannon</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Capps</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Doley</td><td class="tcol5">640</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthew Mathias</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. James Peters</td><td class="tcol5">889</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Owens</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Josvas Morris</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Mason</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Wishart</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Russell</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephen Sall</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Timothy Dennis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Walker</td><td class="tcol5">425</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Ashby</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Griffin</td><td class="tcol5">216</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Symon Franklin</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alice Thrower</td><td class="tcol5">125</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Wishart</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Draught</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Doctor Wm. Hunter</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Jon Sanders</td><td class="tcol5">203</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Grinto</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Fithgerreld</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll. H. Lawson</td><td class="tcol5">3100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. John Thorowgood</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Thorowgood</td><td class="tcol5">940</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Southern</td><td class="tcol5">640</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Wharton</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Doller</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Briggs</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Jones</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Lurrey</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Walker</td><td class="tcol5">820</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Steph Swaine</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Mulsin</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Bullock</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Leggett</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mark Tully</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Walstone</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mark Powell</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Nicholls</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hugh Hoskins</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Burrough</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Warren</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Hugh Campble</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Worrinton</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Tully</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Lovett</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Grant</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas More</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Whithurst</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Thomas Cocke</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Comins</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Griffin</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Spratt</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Russell</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Heath</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">David Duncon</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Lane</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Fowler</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Booth</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Giles Collier</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jacob Johnson</td><td class="tcol5">1700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alexander Willis</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Bonny</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. James Doage</td><td class="tcol5">784</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Antho: Barnes</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Macklalin</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Etherington</td><td class="tcol5">108</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno James</td><td class="tcol5">328</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Woodhouse</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Mayho</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Perry</td><td class="tcol5">35</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Perry</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Argoll Thorowgood</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Wm. Moseley</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Moseley</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Smith</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Symmons</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adam Forguson</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Banj. Commins</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Elkes</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Patrick White</td><td class="tcol5">1250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Jones</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Evan Jones</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mich. Jones</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Wicker</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Snaile</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Samiel Bush</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Tully Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Briberry</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Moseley</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Christ. Merchant</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Cox</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matt. Godfrey</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Tully</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hector Denby</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Keeling</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. More</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Cason</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Jackson</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jacob More</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">98728</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Henry Spratt</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Elizabeth_City" id="Elizabeth_City"></a>A True and Perfect Rent Roll of the Lands In Elizabeth City County +for the Year 1704</p> + + + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Elizabeth City"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">Coll. Wm. Wilson</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">1024</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Wm. Smelt</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Pasquo Curle</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Nicho. Curle</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll. Dudley Diggs</td><td class="tcol5">216</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Pearce</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Jenings</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mark Powell</td><td class="tcol5">184</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Davis</td><td class="tcol5">42</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Skinner</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Baines</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Latham</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Tucker</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthew Smell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Cooley</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Chandler</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Umpleet</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Tucker</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Allin</td><td class="tcol5">227</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Williams per the School</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Williams per himself</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mrs. Bridgett Jenkins</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christopher Davis</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Spicer</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Hawkins</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bowles</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Theodam</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bartho. Wetherby</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jos: White</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Henry Royall</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Bright Sen.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Naylor</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Cooper Sen</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Needham</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cha: Cooper</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Dunn</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Jenings</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Davill</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Paltey Davill</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Rogers</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Babb per Selden</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Horsley</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Nagleer</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Dunn</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Pearce</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moses Davis</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mich: Breltuen</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christo. Copeland</td><td class="tcol5">340</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Faulkner</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. James Wallace</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Berthram Servant</td><td class="tcol5">418</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Harris</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Boswell</td><td class="tcol5">220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Winter</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Lowry per Selden</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Roe</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Roatton</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Poole</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Wheat Land</td><td class="tcol5">66</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Bell</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdow Ballis</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Walker</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Robert Beverley</td><td class="tcol5">777</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno House</td><td class="tcol5">157</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bushell Jun</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Masinbred</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Shepherd</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Minsor</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Lattimore</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Baker</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Tucker</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Cotton</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mark Johnson</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Major Wm. Armistead</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll. Antho. Armistead</td><td class="tcol5">2140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Preeday</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthew Watts</td><td class="tcol5">454</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bryan Penny</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Giles Dupra</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bayley</td><td class="tcol5">415</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Simmons</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Parish</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Antho. Griggs</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abr: Parish</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mark Parish</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj. Smith</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Nobling per Archer</td><td class="tcol5">212</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Mallory</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdow Croashell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Powers</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Charwill per Jno Young</td><td class="tcol5">440</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Fingall</td><td class="tcol5">333</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Savoy</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Edward Mihills</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jane Nichols</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Francis</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Priest</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Simon Hollier</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Thomas Gebb</td><td class="tcol5">630</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Richard Booker</td><td class="tcol5">526</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Wm. Lowry</td><td class="tcol5">526</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Merry or Mrs Dunn</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Haslyitt</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Augustine More</td><td class="tcol5">285</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John More</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Passones</td><td class="tcol5">780</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rebeckha Morgan</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Roberts</td><td class="tcol5">250</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. John Turner</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Lais</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Henry Jenkins</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Francis Ballard per Selden</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">29560</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Henry Royall Sheriff</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Warwick" id="Warwick"></a>A True & Perfect Rent Roll of all the Lands that is held in Warwick +County 1704</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Warwick"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">Major Wm. Cary</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Nedler Plantacon</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rober Hubbert</td><td class="tcol5">101</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Harwood</td><td class="tcol5">625</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Glanvills Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">165</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Hubbert</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Gibbs</td><td class="tcol5">315</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Hewitt</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Hill</td><td class="tcol5">135</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Golden</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Harwood</td><td class="tcol5">575</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Harwood</td><td class="tcol5">704</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Thomas Charles</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hump: Harwood</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthew Wood</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Joyner</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll. Dudley Diggs</td><td class="tcol5">4626</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Lucas</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Hillard</td><td class="tcol5">74</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Loftes</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Rowles Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Hatton</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isaac Goodwin</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Seymon Powell</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Dawson</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wades Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Dawson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Bowger</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Cooper</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Roberts</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Burton</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Mills Wells</td><td class="tcol5">425</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Daniell Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">196</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hansell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Emanuell Wells</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Wells Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">155</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdow Lewelling</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Wells</td><td class="tcol5">615</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elias Wells</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdow Pierce</td><td class="tcol5">155</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Haynes</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Scarsbrook</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Jones</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthew Jones</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Read</td><td class="tcol5">875</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Brewer Land</td><td class="tcol5">1350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Henry Cary</td><td class="tcol5">670</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Langhorne Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">602</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll. Coles Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">1350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Jones</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Crew Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Symons</td><td class="tcol5">173</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mrs. Elizabeth Whitaker</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Miles Cary</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Cannon</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Linton</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Gough</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll. Miles Cary</td><td class="tcol5">1960</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Jno. Mallnote</td><td class="tcol5">61</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rowlands Williams</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Chapell</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Chapell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Powers</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James White</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Sawers Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">95</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Cotton</td><td class="tcol5">143</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Cotton</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Croley</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephen Burgess</td><td class="tcol5">128</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdow Yorgen</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Jackson</td><td class="tcol5">193</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Ranshaw</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Wootton</td><td class="tcol5">243</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Hoggard</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Floyd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fr: Rice Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Math Hoggard</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdow Chapell</td><td class="tcol5">321</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Ascow</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garrett Ridley</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Ranshaw</td><td class="tcol5">238</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charle Stuckey</td><td class="tcol5">86</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jos Naylor</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jos Russell</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Allen</td><td class="tcol5">295</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Newberrey</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Turmer</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Smith</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Holt</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Browne</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Royall</td><td class="tcol5">246</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Rice</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Blackistone</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mark Noble</td><td class="tcol5">215</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Reynolds</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Holmes</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Duberry</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Powers</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hatton Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">93</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Lowland</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Morey</td><td class="tcol5">363</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Bracey</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cope Doyley</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nath Edwards</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuel Groves</td><td class="tcol5">490</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Croncher Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Whitaker</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodman Land</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Cook</td><td class="tcol5">29</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Tignall</td><td class="tcol5">392</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Mountfort</td><td class="tcol5">890</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Mountfort</td><td class="tcol5">558</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Priest</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abr: Cawley</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Jones</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Davis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">The County Land</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Denbigh per Gleab</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mulberry Island Gleab</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Hansford</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Rascows Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">1195</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">37685</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Hansford never before paid</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">37610</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Persons out of the County</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Trevillian<span style="padding-left: 7.5em;">248</span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holman Orphans<span style="padding-left: 6em;">200</span></td><td class="tcol5">448</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Robert Hubberd Sherriff</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="York" id="York"></a>A Rent Roll of all the Land In York County 1704</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="York"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">Wm. Jackson</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matt: Pierce</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Latin</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Cobbs</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Sharp</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo: Baskewyle</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Gilford</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jos: Frith</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Jones</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nath: Crawley</td><td class="tcol5">384</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Crips</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Davis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Barnoe</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arthur Lun</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Bates</td><td class="tcol5">669</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Serginton</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Page</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Jorden</td><td class="tcol5">580</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Lynes</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alex: Banyman</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Cobbs</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Whaley</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Tyler</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Kendall</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Hansford</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Sebrell</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">David Stoner</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ralph Hubberd</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Harrison</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Wyth</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Hill</td><td class="tcol5">930</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Vines</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morgan Baptist</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Phil. Deadman</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bazill Wagstaff</td><td class="tcol5">127</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Allen</td><td class="tcol5">117</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Read</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jos: Mountford</td><td class="tcol5">307</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Boult</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Fuller</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jefferson</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Duke</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Hansford</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Peters</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Morland</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Lee</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Burt</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Eaton</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rob: Starke</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Harrison</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Morris</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Bates</td><td class="tcol5">117</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizabeth Jones</td><td class="tcol5">94</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Young</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Green</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho: Fear</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">223</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Loyall</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephen Pond</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Wise</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cornelius Shoohorn</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph White</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Park Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">2750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Fear Jun</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Orlando Jones</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ambrose Cobbs</td><td class="tcol5">163</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Dyer</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Davis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Buckner</td><td class="tcol3">302-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Barber</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb. Tindall</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dudley Diggs</td><td class="tcol5">1350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Hewitt</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Collier</td><td class="tcol5">433</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Collier</td><td class="tcol5">684</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Hansford</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo. Browne</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Gibbs</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Pekithman</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Smith</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baldwin Matthews</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Seamor Powell</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Lewis Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Timson</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Page</td><td class="tcol5">490</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jos. Benjafield</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Stear</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephen Fouace</td><td class="tcol5">565</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmund Jenings Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb. Archer</td><td class="tcol5">370</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Coman</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb. Hansford</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samll: Hill</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Anderson</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Buck</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Burwell</td><td class="tcol5">2100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Crawley</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Hyde</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Harrison</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jeffry Overstreet</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Overstreet</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Myhill</td><td class="tcol5">52</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Roberts</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benja. Stogsdall</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Wade</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jos: Walker</td><td class="tcol5">615</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Sanders</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mongo Inglis</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Holyday</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Williams</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Antho: Sebrell</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Jones</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Cansebee</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Booker</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Morris</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Adkinson</td><td class="tcol5">82</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Jackson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anthoney Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">183</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hannah Lamb</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Calthorp</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Boulmer</td><td class="tcol5">265</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Pasque</td><td class="tcol5">12</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Chapman</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Pond</td><td class="tcol5">112</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Tomkins</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Kirby</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Kirby</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Curtis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Forgison</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Row</td><td class="tcol5">902</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Hunt</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Taverner</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Armiger Wade</td><td class="tcol5">424</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Dixon</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmund Jennings Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">1650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Persons</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Nutting</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Manson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Slaughter</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Persons</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Roberts</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Toomer</td><td class="tcol5">335</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Hayes</td><td class="tcol5">220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Andros</td><td class="tcol5">274</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Wells</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Curtis</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Cheesman Sen.</td><td class="tcol5">1800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jos Potter</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hen: Heywood</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">David Holyday</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Northern</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Doswell</td><td class="tcol5">367</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isaac Powell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Symon Staice</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Drewet</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Topladie</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Potter</td><td class="tcol5">93</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Vernum</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Slaughter</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho: Burnham</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno: Doswell Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Shields</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Wilson</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Owen Davis</td><td class="tcol5">247</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Walker</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Nixon</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Clerk</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elias Love</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Howard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Sanderver</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Cox</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Gibbins</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Hind</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Cheesman Jun</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Browne</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Rogers</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Moss</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Lawson</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicho. Philips</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Sheldon</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Wayman</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Edmonds</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lawrence Smith</td><td class="tcol5">1700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Paulmer</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Gurrow</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Goodwin</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Snead</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Cawley</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Gorden</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Hilsman</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Wright</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Gibons</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb. Goodwin</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Cooper</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Fips</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Wooton</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Moss</td><td class="tcol5">759</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rebecka Watkins</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Whitaker</td><td class="tcol5">1800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hampton Parish</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bruton parish Gleabe</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Ivy he living in James City County & no Tennt. on ye Land</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">61132-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Added to make up the old Roll</td><td class="tcol5">168</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">61300-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Wm. Barbar S Y C</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="James_City" id="James_City"></a>The Rent Roll of the Land in James City County 1704</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="James City"> +<tr><td class="lead">A</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%;">Adkinson Tho</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adkinson Henry</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Armestone Joshua</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adams Anne</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Argo James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abbitt Francis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Apercon Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allen Richard</td><td class="tcol5">540</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1420</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">B</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bentley Jno</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bess Edmund</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burwell Lewis</td><td class="tcol5">1350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beckitt Tho</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bray James</td><td class="tcol5">3500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bryon Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bingley James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benham Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown James</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowers Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Broadnax Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">1683</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bayley Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Black Geo</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bush Jno</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ballard Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bray David</td><td class="tcol5">5758</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burton Ralph</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blankitt Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brand Richard</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Breeding Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bruer Thackfield</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blackley Wm</td><td class="tcol5">142</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barratt Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">305</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barron Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blankes Henry</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bagby Tho</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barnes Francis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brackitt Tho</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Browne Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">1070</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Buxton Samuell</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bimms Christo.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ballard Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Boman</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benge Robert</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">19123</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">C</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Center Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clerk Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Phill</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capell Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cearley Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clerk Robert</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clerk Sarah</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cole Richard</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cooper Tho</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cook Richard</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cosby Charles</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crawley Robert</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cryer George</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cobbs Ambrose</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cock Jonathan</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cowles Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">675</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">4850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">D</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dormar Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Drummond Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Deane Jno</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Duckitt Abraham</td><td class="tcol5">290</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Danzee Jno Jacob Coignan</td><td class="tcol5">4111</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Deane Tho</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Deane Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Drummond Jno</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Deane Tho</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Duke Tho</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davey Francis</td><td class="tcol5">778</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Doby Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Duke Henry Jun</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Duke Henry Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">2986</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">11695</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">E</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elerby Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmunds Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eggleston Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eglestone Benj.</td><td class="tcol5">1375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">F</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fearecloth Tho</td><td class="tcol5">277</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farthing Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Frayser Jno</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fox Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fouace Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fish Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Freeman George</td><td class="tcol5">197</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Furrbush Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Flanders Francis</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1824</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">G</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goodrich Benj.</td><td class="tcol5">1650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gwin Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garey Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Guilsby Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Graves Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goss Charles</td><td class="tcol5">171</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goodall Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geddes</td><td class="tcol5">476</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gill Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Green Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gregory Nicho.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Green Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ginnings Phill.</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gibson Gibey</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goodman John</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goodwin Robert</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grice Aristotle</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Greene Tho</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">5882</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">H</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hudson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Herd Leph.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hadley Dyonitia</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hall Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harvey George</td><td class="tcol5">1425</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Howard Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hughes Geo.</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harfield Mich</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hudson George</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hudson Leonard</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hood Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hamner Nicho.</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henley Leonard</td><td class="tcol5">360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hooker Edward</td><td class="tcol5">1067</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Higgins Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henley Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holiday Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hitchcock John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holeman James</td><td class="tcol5">150</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hubert Matt</td><td class="tcol5">1834</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Handcock Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Haley James</td><td class="tcol5">310</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hook Mick</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">310</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hatfield Richard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hilliard Jerimiah</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hilliard John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hopkins John</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hunt Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hix John</td><td class="tcol5">115</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harrison Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hawkins John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hix Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harrison Benj. Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">10936</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">J</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Inch Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">30</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jone Fred</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Inglis Mingo</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jenings Edmund Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jaquelin Edward</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jeffrys Tho</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jackson Elizabeth</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jackson Richard</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jeffrys Matt.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Antho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Jno</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jordan John</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">4265</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">K</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Knowstarp</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">L</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lawrence Richard</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ludwell Phil Esq</td><td class="tcol5">6626</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lattoon John</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lund Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lillingtone Benj.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lidie Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Loftin Comeles</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lightfoot Phil</td><td class="tcol5">1650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lightfoot Jno. Esq</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Love Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Loftin Comeles Jun</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Liney Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">55</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">10106</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">M</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mookins Roger</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Macklin Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Marston Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morris Edward Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Manningaren</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Marston Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martin Richard</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maples Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Muttlow Jno</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morris James</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moris David</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Myers Wm Jun</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mountfort Tho</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morris John</td><td class="tcol5">195</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Marble Geo</td><td class="tcol5">135</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mallard Poynes</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Merryman James</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morecock Tho</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Meekings Tho</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Marraw Dennis</td><td class="tcol5">30</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Major John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">5885</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">N</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Norrell Hugh</td><td class="tcol5">328</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholson Jno</td><td class="tcol5">144</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholls Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nailer Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">O'Mooney Mary</td><td class="tcol5">126</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">998</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">P</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Prince George</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Page John</td><td class="tcol5">1700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Page Mary</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pigot Benj.</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pall Wm</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parker Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peper Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Phillips Jno</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pattison Alex</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Perkins Charles</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philips Edward</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philips Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pearman Wm</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pearman Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pendexter Tho</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parish Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pattisson Tho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parke Daniell Esq</td><td class="tcol5">1800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pattison Catherine</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">9330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">R</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rhodes Randall</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ryder Mary</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rhodes Francis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rovell Jno</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Revis Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Russell Samuell</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">S</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stafford Mary</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanders Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sewell Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sprattley Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Christo.</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Short Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smallpage Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Santo Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">114</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Slade Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Soane Henry</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sykes Barnard</td><td class="tcol5">1012</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Selvey Jacob</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sharp Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shaley Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Simes Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sorrell Mary</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sherman Elizb.</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">6121</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">T</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tinsley Edward</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tinsley Richard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tomson James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thackson John</td><td class="tcol5">289</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tyery Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">1590</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thurston John</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tyler Henry</td><td class="tcol5">730</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tullett John</td><td class="tcol5">625</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Hanah</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomson Henry</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Twine Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">4784</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">V</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vaughn Henry</td><td class="tcol5">1900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Udall Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Verney Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vaiding Isaac</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">W</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Weathers Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood Richard</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whitaker Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Weldon Sarah</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whaley Mary</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Winter Timo.</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilkins Samll.</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wright Samll.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Winter Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Matt.</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walker Alex.</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williamson John</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walker David</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walker Alex. Jun.</td><td class="tcol5">2025</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Warberton Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Weldey Geo.</td><td class="tcol5">317</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wragg Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wooton Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willson Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilkins Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood Edward</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walker David</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wright Mary</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodward Lanslett</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodward John</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodward Geo.</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodward Samll.</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Henry</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Edward</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">10662</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">Y</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Young Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Young Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">114780</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj. Shottwater of York County</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Sorrell</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Nosham at the Blackwater</td><td class="tcol5">168</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">768</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Henry Soane Junr. Sher.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">The Totall of the Acres in James City County</td><td class="tcol5">114780</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Discovered of this for which the Sheriff is to be allowed the Qt. Rts. according to his Ex.cy odrs in Council</td><td class="tcol5">6000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">108780</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">108780 acres at 24 tob per<br /> 100 is</td><td class="tcol3">26107 tob</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Whereof pd in Aronoco at 6 per Ct.</td><td class="tcol5">4000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">12.0.0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">In Sweet Scented at 3s " 4d per Ct.</td><td class="tcol5">22107</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">92.2.3</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">104.2.3</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="New_Kent" id="New_Kent"></a>New Kent County Rent Roll</p> + +<p class="center">A Rent Roll of the Lands held of her Maj<sup>tie</sup> in the Parish of St. Peters +and St. Paulls. Anno 1704.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="St. Peters"> +<tr><td class="lead">A</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%;">Alford John</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allen Richard</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alex Abraham</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allen Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Austin</td><td class="tcol5">245</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Austin James</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Amos Fran</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ashcroft Tho</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Aldridge Jno</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Atkinson Jno</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anthony Mark</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anderson Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anderson Robt</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arise Margt</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Austin Rich</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anderson Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anderson David</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anderson Rich</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allen Reynold</td><td class="tcol5">205</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allvis George</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Aron Josiah</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Amos Nocho</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allen Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allen Samll</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anderson John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ashley Charles</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">6785</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">B</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bourn Wm</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bray Sarah</td><td class="tcol5">790</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bradbury Geo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brothers Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bayley Jno</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beck Wm Mr.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Butts Alice</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burnell Mary Mrs.</td><td class="tcol5">2750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bassett Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ball David</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baughan Jno Junr</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bassett Tho</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blackburn Rowland</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker Christo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beer Peter</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brooks Richd</td><td class="tcol5">85</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burnell Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bullock Richd</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blackwell James Junr</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brooks Robt</td><td class="tcol5">45</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bulkley Benj</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blackwell</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baughan Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baughan Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bostock Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bostock Wm</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bumpus Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burwell Lewis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bryan Charles</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bullock Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blalock Jno</td><td class="tcol5">492</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker Jno</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bearne Henry</td><td class="tcol5">50</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Buhly Jno</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bow Henry</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bradley Tho</td><td class="tcol5">255</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barker Cha</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bugg Samll</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baskett Wm. Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">1250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beck Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">433</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beare Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barrett Christo</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baughtwright Jno</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bad Samll</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Banks Andrew</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker Richd</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowles John</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bunch John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burnett Jno</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barnhowes Richd</td><td class="tcol5">1600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barbar Tho</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burkett Tho</td><td class="tcol5">41</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bates Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Breeding John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brewer Mary</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bassett Wm. Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">4100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bradingham Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baxter James</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">21786</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">C</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cotrell Richd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clarkson David</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crump Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crump Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clopton Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">454</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chandler Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crump Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cambo Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crawford David Junr</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crawford David Mr.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chambers Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">235</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clerk Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">282</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Collett Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clerk Christo</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cocker Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Case Hugh</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carley Richd</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chiles Henry</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cook Abraham</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crump Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Colum Richd</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crump James</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crump Robt</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clough Capt.</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chandler Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chandler Francis</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cordey Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Currell Andrew</td><td class="tcol5">30</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Croome Joell</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crutchfield Peter</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chesley Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crutchfield Junr</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carlton Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chambers George</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cox Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">9251</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">D</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dolerd Wm</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dennett John</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Durham James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dumas Jerimiah</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Deprest Robt</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dodd John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dabony James</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Elizar</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Duke Henry Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dibdall Jno</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Darnell Rachell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Duke Henry Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis John</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davenport Mest</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3845</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">E</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eperson John</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elmore Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elmore Tho Junr</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ellicon Garratt Robt</td><td class="tcol5">520</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">England Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">490</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elderkin John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elmore Peter</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">English Mungo</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ellis Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2530</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">F</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Finch Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Foster Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Forgeson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">507</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fleming Charles</td><td class="tcol5">920</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Tho</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Freeman Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fenton Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Feare Edmd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fisher Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3447</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">G</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goodger Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Green Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gibson Tho</td><td class="tcol5">370</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garrat James</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gonton Jno</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Glass Tho</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Graham Tho</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gleam Jno</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Giles Jno</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gentry Nicho</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garland Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">2600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Glass Anne</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Granchaw Tho</td><td class="tcol5">480</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Greenfield Fran.</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gillmett Jno</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gawsen Phillip</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gillmett Richd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Glassbrook Robt</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gadberry Tho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gill Nicho</td><td class="tcol5">222</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gosling Wm</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goodring Alexander</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gills John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grindge Richd</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">7442</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">H</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Herlock John</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hilton Jno</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hughs Jno</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Huberd Jno</td><td class="tcol5">827</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Howie Jno</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Howie Jno Junr</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hughs Robt</td><td class="tcol5">966</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Edmd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hawes Haugton</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris John</td><td class="tcol5">146</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Jno</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hester Fra</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Horsley Rowland</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Herman Robt</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hughes Rees</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Samll</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holled Samll</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harrelston Paul</td><td class="tcol5">360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hatfield Wm</td><td class="tcol5">318</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Wm</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Benj</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Horkeey John</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hairy John</td><td class="tcol5">280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Haiselwood Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Haiselwood Tho</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hockiday Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holdcroft Henry</td><td class="tcol5">95</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hogg Mary</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harmon Wm</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hogg Jno. Junr</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hopkins Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Howes Job</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hight John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hankins Charles</td><td class="tcol5">340</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Robt</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Handey Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hogg Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Haselwood Richd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harlow Tho</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hutton Geo</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">11312</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">J</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jackson Tho</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Izard Fran</td><td class="tcol5">1233</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jarratt Robt</td><td class="tcol5">1600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Mich</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">265</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Jane</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jennings Robt</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Fredirick</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johes John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jeeves Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Francis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Evan</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">5838</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">K</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">King Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kembro Jno</td><td class="tcol5">540</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kembro Jno Junr</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Keeling Geo</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2490</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">L</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lightfoot John Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">3600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Littlepage Richd</td><td class="tcol5">2160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Losplah Peter</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lestrange Tho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Liddall Geo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lawson Nicho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Levermore Phill</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis John Esq</td><td class="tcol5">2600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lawson John</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis John</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lovell Geo</td><td class="tcol5">920</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lovell Charles</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Leak Wm</td><td class="tcol5">280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Logwod Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lacey Wm</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lacey Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lacey Emanuell</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Luke Jno</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lochester Robt</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Tho</td><td class="tcol5">115</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lee Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lochester Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Law James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Laton Reubin</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Linsey Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">1150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Linsey Wm</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lane Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">14760</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">M</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Millington Wm Junr</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mitchell Stephen Junr</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Millington Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moss Samll</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mitchell Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Meanley Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Minis Tho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mitchell Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moor Pelham</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martin Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martin Martin</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morris Robt</td><td class="tcol5">245</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moss Tho</td><td class="tcol5">430</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morgan Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moon Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Major Wm</td><td class="tcol5">456</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Murroho Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moor Jno</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Masey Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martin John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Masey Peter</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Madox John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martin Wm</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martin James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moss James</td><td class="tcol5">720</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moon Tho</td><td class="tcol5">65</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">McKing Alexander</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">McKoy Jno</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Merridith Geo</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Melton Richd</td><td class="tcol5">290</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morreigh John</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Merfield John</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mills Nicho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mask Jno</td><td class="tcol5">411</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Medlock John</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moor Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">65</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">McKgene Wm</td><td class="tcol3">13-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Merriweather Nicho</td><td class="tcol5">3327</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mage Peter</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mitchell Wm</td><td class="tcol5">512</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Marr Geo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moor Anne</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mutray Tho</td><td class="tcol5">382</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mirideth James</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mohan Warwick</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Muttlow James</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morgan Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morris John</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Markham Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moxon Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mackony Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Meacon Gideon</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">16149-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">N</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nucholl James</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Neaves James</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nonia Richd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Norris Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">O</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Osling John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Otey John</td><td class="tcol5">290</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Oudton Matt</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">630</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">P</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Page John Junr</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pendexter Geo</td><td class="tcol5">1490</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pattison David</td><td class="tcol5">300</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Park Jno Junr</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Park John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pease John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Geo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Penix Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Plantine Peter</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pendexter Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pyraul James</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pullam Wm</td><td class="tcol5">575</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Purdy Nicho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Page Mary Madm</td><td class="tcol5">3450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Perkins John</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Paite Jerim</td><td class="tcol5">220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pasley Robt</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Perkins Wm</td><td class="tcol5">305</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pait John</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Petever Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pittlader Wm</td><td class="tcol5">147</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pickley Tho</td><td class="tcol5">281</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pittlader Tho</td><td class="tcol5">295</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Petty Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Porter John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Petty John</td><td class="tcol5">2190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Park Coll</td><td class="tcol5">7000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Purly John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">21573</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">R</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Raglin Evan</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Raglin Evan Junr</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Raglin Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ross Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richardson Henry</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Raymond James</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reynold Tho</td><td class="tcol5">255</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reyley Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reynolds Jonah</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rhoads Charles</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reynolds Samll</td><td class="tcol5">820</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rice Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Redwood John</td><td class="tcol5">1078</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rule Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richardson Richard</td><td class="tcol5">890</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Russell John</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richardson John</td><td class="tcol5">1450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Eman</td><td class="tcol5">1250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Round Free Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Randolph Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">8928</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">S</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Styles John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Nathll</td><td class="tcol5">82</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanders Wm</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Spear Robt</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanders James</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scott John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scrugg Richd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Strange Alexander</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Wm</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scrugg Jno</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Snead Tho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sunter Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">478</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Symons Josiah</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanders John</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephens Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stanley Tho</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sandidge Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sprattlin Andrew</td><td class="tcol5">654</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Snead John</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith James</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sexton Wm</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sims Jno</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Roger</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sherritt Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Salmon Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanders Tho</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Symons George</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stamp Ralph</td><td class="tcol5">625</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stanop Capt</td><td class="tcol5">1024</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stanup Richd</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shears Paul</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stepping Tho</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Slater James</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">9813</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">T</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tony Alexandr</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tovis Edmd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turner Henry</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turner Wm</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turner Geo</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thorp Tho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thurmond Richd</td><td class="tcol3">131-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tucker Tho</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turner James</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thompson James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tully Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turner Geo Junr</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tate James</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Town Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomasses Orphans</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tinsley Cournelius</td><td class="tcol5">220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tyler</td><td class="tcol5">100</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tinsley Tho</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tirrell Wm</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Tho</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tinsley Jno</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tapp Jno</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tyrrey James</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tyrrey Alexandr</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thompson Capt.</td><td class="tcol5">2600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tyrey Thom</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Lemuell</td><td class="tcol5">212</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Twitty Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">8708-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">V</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Upsherd Jon</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vaughan Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Via Amer</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Venables Abr.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Venables John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vaughan John</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vaughan Vincent</td><td class="tcol5">410</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1370</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">W</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wintby Jacob</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Winfry Charles</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waddill Jno</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walker Wm</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walton Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilson Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waddill Wm</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Warring Peter</td><td class="tcol5">88</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wingfield Tho</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Weaver Sam</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wyatt Alice</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">West Nath</td><td class="tcol5">6370</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb Mary</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilmore Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webster Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">West Giles</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wharton Tho</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willis Fran</td><td class="tcol5">134</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waddy Samll</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willford Charles</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waid James</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">White Jno</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woody Symon</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woody Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Winstone Antho</td><td class="tcol5">310</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Winstone Isaac</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woody James</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Winstone Sarah</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watson Theophilus</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodson Jno</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walton Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood Walter</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Wm</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilkes Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Clerk</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willis Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Worrin Robt</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodull James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walker Capt</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilson James</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wheeler John</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">White John</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">17292</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">Y</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Yeoman John</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Yeoell Judith</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quit Rents that hath not been paid this 7 year viz.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richarson Matt</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Wheeler</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Parkes</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lands that the Persons lives out of the County viz.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Lemuell Batthurst</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Valkes</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">The Heirs of Bray</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 2em;">A</td><td class="tcol5">6785</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">B</td><td class="tcol5">21786</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">C</td><td class="tcol5">9251</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">D</td><td class="tcol5">3845</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">E</td><td class="tcol5">2530</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">F</td><td class="tcol5">3447</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">G</td><td class="tcol5">7442</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">H</td><td class="tcol5">11312</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">J</td><td class="tcol5">5838</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">K</td><td class="tcol5">2490</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">L</td><td class="tcol5">14760</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">M</td><td class="tcol3">16149-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">N</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">O</td><td class="tcol5">630</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">P</td><td class="tcol5">21573</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">R</td><td class="tcol5">8298</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">S</td><td class="tcol5">9813</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">T</td><td class="tcol3">8708-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">V</td><td class="tcol5">1370</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">W</td><td class="tcol5">17292</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Y</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">173870</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">James Mosse Sherriff</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Charles_City" id="Charles_City"></a>A full & Perfect Rent Roll of all the Land held of her Majtie in Charles +City County this Present Year 1704 by Patents &c.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Charles City"> +<tr><td class="lead">A</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%;">Aliat John</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">B</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bradley Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baxter John</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bishop Robt</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bedingfield Theo</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Botman Harman</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burton Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burwell Lewis</td><td class="tcol5">8000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brooks Robt</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blanks Richard Senr</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blanks Richd Junr</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blanks Tho</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bradford Richd</td><td class="tcol5">1397</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Marmaduke</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bray David</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">11337</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">C</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cole Robt</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Codell Richd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clark Edwd</td><td class="tcol3">962-1/4</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clark Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clark Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christian Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1273</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cock Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cock Richd</td><td class="tcol5">975</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3258</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">D</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Richd</td><td class="tcol5">118</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">318</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">E</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwards John</td><td class="tcol3">287-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Epes Littlebury</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Epes John</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ele Samll</td><td class="tcol5">682</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Evans John</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">2669-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">F</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Floyd Geo</td><td class="tcol5">243</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fowler Richd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Flowers Samll</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">593</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">G</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gunn James</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grosse Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">H</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hamlin Jno</td><td class="tcol3">143-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">2100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Haynes Nicho</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harwood John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Howood James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hattle Shard</td><td class="tcol5">112</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harwood Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">659</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harwood Samll</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harwood Robt</td><td class="tcol3">312-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hunt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">3130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hunt John</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harmon Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">479</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hyde Wm</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hamlin Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hamlin Tho</td><td class="tcol5">264</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">16015</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">J</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Irby Wm</td><td class="tcol5">103</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Javox James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jordin Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Justis Justinian</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">503</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">L</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lowlin Danll</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lawrence James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">M</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Manders James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Minge James</td><td class="tcol5">1086</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mountford Jeffry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Marvell Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1238</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moodie Samll</td><td class="tcol5">82</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Muschamp John</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2686</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">N</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">New Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">New Robt</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">O</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Owen Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Owen David</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">P</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parker Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1667</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parish Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parish Charles</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parker James</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parish Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parish John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2227</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">R</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roach Jno Senr</td><td class="tcol5">630</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Renthall Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Russell Samll</td><td class="tcol5">253</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roper John</td><td class="tcol5">220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Royall Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">262</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1635</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">S</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Obidiah</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sampson Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">211</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stith Drewry</td><td class="tcol5">1240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stith John</td><td class="tcol5">1395</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stockes John</td><td class="tcol5">476</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stockes Silvanus Senr</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stokes Silvanus Junr</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Speares Geo</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">4447</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">T</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tanner Tho</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tarendine John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turner Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">195</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Trotman Anne</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2465</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">V</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vernon Walter</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">W</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wyatt Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodam Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waren John</td><td class="tcol5">54</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">954</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 2em;">A</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">B</td><td class="tcol5">11337</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">C</td><td class="tcol5">3258</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">D</td><td class="tcol5">318</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">E</td><td class="tcol3">2669-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">F</td><td class="tcol5">593</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">G</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">H</td><td class="tcol5">16015</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">J</td><td class="tcol5">503</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">L</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">M</td><td class="tcol5">2686</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">N</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">O</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">P</td><td class="tcol5">2227</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">R</td><td class="tcol5">1635</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">S</td><td class="tcol5">4447</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">T</td><td class="tcol5">2465</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">V</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">W</td><td class="tcol5">954</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">52059-1/2</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">An account of what Land that I cannot get the Quit Rents the Persons living out of the County</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Josep Parish at Kiquotan</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Smith James City Cty</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Danll Hayley</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Lagg Henrico Cty</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Parker Sheriff</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="King_William" id="King_William"></a>The Quit Rent Roll of King William County</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="King William"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 2em;">Armsby John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alvey Robt</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrew Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abbott Robt</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arnold Anthony</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arnold Benj</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alcock John</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adam James</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anderson Wm Capt</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burwell Majr</td><td class="tcol5">4700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bunch Paul</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker John</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burges Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Buttris Robt</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bibb Benj</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Browne Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bell Edwds</td><td class="tcol5">580</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burch Henry</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burrel Suprian</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bobo Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bird Wm Maj Qr</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burrus John</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Butler Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burrus Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bassett Coll Qr</td><td class="tcol5">1550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bray James Qr</td><td class="tcol5">1400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Browne Abraham</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brightwell Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bickley Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Claibourne Wm Coll</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Claibourne Tho Capt</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Claibourne John</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coakes Robert</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cradock Samll</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cockram Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cockram Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Celar John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chadwick Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cathern John</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carr Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chiles Henry Qr</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Craushaw Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clark Margarett</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coates Wm</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Douglas Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Lewis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Downer John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Downes Elias</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davenport Davis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dorrell Sampson Qr</td><td class="tcol5">5000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davenport Martin</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Robert</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dickason Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dickason Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dillon Henry</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dabney James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dabney George</td><td class="tcol5">290</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dabney Benj</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elly Richd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Egny Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elliot Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">480</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward James</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elliott James</td><td class="tcol5">1700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fox John Capt.</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fox Henry</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Finton Francis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fuller Anthony</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Foord John Junr</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Foord Wm</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fullalove Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fleming Charles Qr</td><td class="tcol5">1700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Graves John Qr</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garratt Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geeres Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Green John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gravatt Henry</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goodin Majr Qr</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Glover Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Herriott George</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hollins John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Higgason John</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holderbee Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holliday Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hayfield Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hampton John</td><td class="tcol5">50</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Huckstep Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hurt Wm Junr</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hurt Wm Senr</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hurt John</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hendrick Hans</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Handcock Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hayden John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hobday Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hutchinson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Francis</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Gabriell</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Edwd Coll Qr</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hayle Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johns Jane</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Coll Qr</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johns Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isabell Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Jonathan</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Inge Vincent</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Frederick Qr</td><td class="tcol5">2850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jenings Coll Qr</td><td class="tcol5">4000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">King Robert Qr</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kettlerise Symon</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lee John</td><td class="tcol5">20</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lypscomb Ambrose</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lasy Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lypscomb Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Littlepage Richd Capt Qr</td><td class="tcol5">2600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lypscomb John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mallory Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mallory Roger</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Miles Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr Gehee Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Marr John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morris Wm</td><td class="tcol5">440</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maybank Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr Donnell John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maddison Henry</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Merriweather Nicho Qr</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mullene Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Madison John Qr</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Norment Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Norment Samll</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Noyce Wm</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Napier Robert</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Owens Hugh</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Oustin John</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Oakes John</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Oliver John</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Palmer Martin</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peek John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pynes Nathaniell</td><td class="tcol5">1400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pee Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Purlevant Arthur</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powers David</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pollard Wm Qr</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pemberton Geo</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Page John Qr</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pickrell Gabriell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parks Coll Qr</td><td class="tcol5">4500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quarles John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reynolds Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Maurice</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Randall John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ray James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rhodes Nicholas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sandlan Nicholas</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Strutton Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Streett Wm</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shilling George</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Satterwhite Charles</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Slaughter Geo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Slaughter Martin</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stark John</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanders Jushua</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">See Mathew</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sellers Jacob</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Spruse Jeremy</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Edmd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Spencer Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Slaughter John</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Christo Qr</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Slaughter Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Toms Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Towler Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Terry Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Terry Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tomason Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Terry James</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Traneer John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vickrey Henry</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">West John Coll</td><td class="tcol5">1800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Winfree Henry</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">West Tho Capt</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whitworth John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whitlock John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willeroy Abraham</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Phillip</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Griffith</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whitehead John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woolsey Jacob</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Samll</td><td class="tcol5">600</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wright Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whitbee Robert</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">West Nathanll Capt</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waller John Majr</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willis Wm</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wheelis Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wormley Madam Qr</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Winston William</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whitehead Phillip</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Yancey Charles</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Yarborough John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Yarborough Richard</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">100950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Stanard M.S.</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Wood K.Q.</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Zachary Lewis K.Q.</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Kemp G.C.</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Beck N.K.</td><td class="tcol5">1600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Hickman K.Q.</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj Clement G.C.</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">David Bray J.C.C.</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Job House N.K.</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harry Beverley M.S.</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chillian White G.C.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="King_Queen" id="King_Queen"></a>A True Account of the Lands in King & Queen County as it was taken +by Robt. Bird Sherriff in the year 1704.</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="King & Queen"> +<tr><td class="lead">A</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%;">Alford John</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Austin Danll</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Asque John</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adams Johns</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arnold Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allin Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adkinson John</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Austin Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adamson David</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anderson Richd</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allcock Dorothy</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">B</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker Wm</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beverley Robt. Qr.</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bennett Alexander</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Breeding Geo</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bennett Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowles Robt</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bennett Sawyer</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baylor John</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bell Roger</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burford Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bray John</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blake Wm</td><td class="tcol5">290</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Boisseau James Quart</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blake Wm Junr</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Lancelet</td><td class="tcol5">385</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burch Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burch Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Tho. Blakes Land</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bridgeforth James</td><td class="tcol5">355</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bagby Robt</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Banks Wm</td><td class="tcol5">1079</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bullock John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bird Wm</td><td class="tcol5">572</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Broach Jno</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Braxton Geo</td><td class="tcol5">2825</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blanchet John</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowker Ralph</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bine Edmd</td><td class="tcol5">111</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barber James</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burgess Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bond Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Breemer John</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bland Henry</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Breemer John Junr</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowden Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barton Andrew</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barlow Henry</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baskett John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Batterton Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker James</td><td class="tcol5">322</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bill Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bocus Reynold</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bourne George</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bird Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">1324</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">22535</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">C</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cane Jno</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chessum Alexandr</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cook Benjamin</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cook Thomas Junr</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cook Thomas Senr</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cook Jno</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cleyton John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chapman Mary</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cleyton Jeremy</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crane Wm</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Camp Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carleton Christo</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carleton Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carter Timo.</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coleman Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coleman Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">470</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cleyton Susannah Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Collier Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crane Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crane Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chapman John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Caughlane James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cotton Catherine</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Collier Charles</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Collier John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Collins Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cammell Alexandr.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chin Hugh</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Conner Timo.</td><td class="tcol5">1410</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Collins James Yard Qr</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Corbin Gowin</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crisp Tobias</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carters Qr</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carlton Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carlton Anne</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clough George Qr</td><td class="tcol5">390</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">12235</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clerk and Cordell both in Glocester</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">D</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Durrat</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Day Alexander Maj. Beverley Qr</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Doe Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dilliard Nicho.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dilliard Edwd.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dimmock Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dismukes Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Duett Charles</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Didlake James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Durham John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dunkley John</td><td class="tcol5">380</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Duson Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">448</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Nathll.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Deshazo Peter</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Jno</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dillard Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Richd</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dillard Geo</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Duglas James</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dayley Owen</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">5618</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">E</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eachols John</td><td class="tcol5">220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ellis John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eastham George</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ewbank Wm</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eastham Edwd Junr</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwds John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eastham Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eastes Abraham</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eyes Cornelius</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Emory Ralph</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ellis Timothy</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3020</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">F</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Forsigh Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farquson James</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Flipp John</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farish Robt</td><td class="tcol5">1400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fielding Henry</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farmer John</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fothergill Richd</td><td class="tcol5">675</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fortcon Charles</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Forgett Charles</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Fothergill</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">4355</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farmer John not paid for</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fox Margarett not pd for</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">G</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gadberry Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Griffin Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Richd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Griffin David</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Graves Robt</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Graves Jno</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gardner Ringing</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gray Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gilby John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gray Samll</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gresham Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gresham Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Good John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gresham George</td><td class="tcol5">150</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garrett Danll</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gamble Tho. Majors Land</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gresham Tho</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Graves Jno</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Guttery Jno</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Greogory Frances Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gough Alice Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Griggs Francis</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garrett John</td><td class="tcol5">330</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garrett Humphrey</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gibson Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garrett Robt</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">6100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">H</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hand Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hayle John Qr</td><td class="tcol5">685</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Honey James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holloway Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Herndon James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hoomos George</td><td class="tcol5">725</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hodges Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hayle Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hayes John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Haynes Wm</td><td class="tcol5">494</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holcomb Wm Bradfords Land</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henderson John Thackers Land</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hodgson Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henderson Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henderson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">162</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Housburrough Morris, Harts Land</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hesterley John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hordon Wm</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harris Wm</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hart Tho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hockley Robt</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Howard Peter</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hardgrove Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Herring Arthur</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hickman Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hunt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">312</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hobs Wm</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hicks Richd</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Howden Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Howerton Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">8098</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Holt Joseph lives in Maryland</td><td class="tcol5">321</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mayward Tho in Glocester</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">J</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Tho</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Robt</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jeffrys Richd</td><td class="tcol5">337</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Robt Junr</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Wm</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1917</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">K</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">King John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kallander Timo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kink Anne</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">King Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Knowles Dorothy Qr</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">King Robt</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kenniff Danby</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">King Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1335</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">L</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Loveing John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lyon Peter</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Leigh John</td><td class="tcol5">6200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lumpkin Robt</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lee Wm</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Loob Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Loft Richd</td><td class="tcol5">320</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Tachary</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lumpkin Jacob</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis David</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis John Esq</td><td class="tcol5">10100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">1400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lemon Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lynes Rebecca</td><td class="tcol5">405</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Levingstone John</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Levingstone Samll</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lawrence Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Letts Arthur</td><td class="tcol5">475</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Langford John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Levingstone Jno Sowels Land</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">23310</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Leftwich Thomas in Essex</td><td class="tcol5">75</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">M</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">May John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Musick George</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Major Jno</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martin John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">More Austines Qr</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">May Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moore Samll</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maddison Jno</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morris Wm</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martin Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mackay Sarah</td><td class="tcol5">177</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">May John Piggs Land</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Major Francis</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mansfield Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morris Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Major John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Melo Nicho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Marcartee Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morris Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mead Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthews Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martin Cordelia Wido</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">5377</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">N</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nelson Henry</td><td class="tcol5">440</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Neal John</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nason Joshua</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Norman Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Norris James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1090</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">O</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Owen Ralph</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ogilvie Wm</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Orrill Lawrence</td><td class="tcol5">290</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Orrill Wm</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Orsbourn Michaell</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Overstreet James Qr</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">ditto at home</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1530</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">P</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell Robt</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Prewitt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Paine Bernard</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pomea Francis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Charles</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pettitt Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">548</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pollard Robt</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pollard Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Phinkett Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pemberton Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">115</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pickles Tho</td><td class="tcol5">93</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Potters Francis Wido Neals Land</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parks James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Purchase Geo Qr</td><td class="tcol5">580</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Page Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pritchett David</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pigg Henry</td><td class="tcol5">61</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Page John Junr</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pigg Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Phelps Tho</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pendleton Philip</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pendleto Henry</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pann John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Paytons quarts</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pigg John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pamplin Robt</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pryor Christo</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Paulin Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">7552</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pate John in Glocester</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">Q</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quarles James</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quarles Dyley Zacha: Lewis Land</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">R</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Robt</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rings Quarter</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robinson Daniel</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Giles</td><td class="tcol5">475</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rice Michaell</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richeson Tho</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richeson Elias</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Read Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Russell Alexandr Wyatts Land</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robinson Robt</td><td class="tcol5">980</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rowe John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richards John</td><td class="tcol5">914</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richards Wm</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richards Oliver</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Riddle Tho Reads Land</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roy Richd</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ryley Elias</td><td class="tcol5">200</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rollings Peter</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">8359</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John the son of Robt Robinson hold, which nobody pays for</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">S</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sebrill John</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stone Mary</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smiths in Bristoll Qr</td><td class="tcol5">2800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stone Jno</td><td class="tcol5">295</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stubbelfield Geo Qr</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scandland Denis</td><td class="tcol5">1470</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Swinson Richd</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Christo</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Jno Cooper</td><td class="tcol5">273</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Alexander</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Seamour Wm</td><td class="tcol5">268</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sones Tho</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shepard Jane</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Southerland Danll</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shoot Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shepheard Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shea Patrick</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Southerland Danll</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Nicho</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanders Nathll</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith John Sawyer</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shuckelford Roger</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Skelton John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Snell John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Simpio Charles</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sawrey John</td><td class="tcol5">113</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stringer Margt</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Spencer Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sykes Stephen</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Francis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Richd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sparks John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Surly Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stapleton Tho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Story John</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Spencer Katherine</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">14599</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shippath Sr Wm Which is not paid for</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stark Tho of London which is not paid for</td><td class="tcol5">920</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stubblefield Geo in Glocester</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Austin in Glocester</td><td class="tcol5">4000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">T</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turner Richard</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Todd Thomas Quarts</td><td class="tcol5">2300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor James</td><td class="tcol5">4000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Toy Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Danll</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Rowland</td><td class="tcol5">610</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tunstall Tho</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Todd Richd</td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Towley John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Trice James</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tureman Ignatius</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turner Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">267</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thacker C. C.</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">10872</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">U</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vaughan Cornelius</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vize Nathll</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Uttley John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">W</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood James</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilkinson John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wright Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Wm</td><td class="tcol5">137</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wiltshier Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">98</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Philip</td><td class="tcol5">203</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">White Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walker John</td><td class="tcol5">6000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilson Benj Wyats Land</td><td class="tcol5">420</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wyat Richd</td><td class="tcol5">1843</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walton Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wyat John</td><td class="tcol5">530</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Withy Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watts Tho</td><td class="tcol5">235</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Samll</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Benj</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Tho Junr</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Elizb</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waldin Samll</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ware Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">735</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">William John</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ware Vallentine</td><td class="tcol5">487</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willbourn Tho</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wildbore Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ware Nicho</td><td class="tcol5">718</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">White Jerimiah</td><td class="tcol5">200</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whorein John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wise Richd quarts</td><td class="tcol5">209</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walker John, Johnsons Land</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">16920</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wadlington Paul not paid for being</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">Y</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">York Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 2em;">A</td><td class="tcol5">2300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">B</td><td class="tcol5">22535</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">C</td><td class="tcol5">12235</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">D</td><td class="tcol5">5618</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">E</td><td class="tcol5">3020</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">F</td><td class="tcol5">4355</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">G</td><td class="tcol5">6100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">H</td><td class="tcol5">8098</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">J</td><td class="tcol5">1917</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">K</td><td class="tcol5">1335</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">L</td><td class="tcol5">23310</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">M</td><td class="tcol5">5377</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">N</td><td class="tcol5">1090</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">O</td><td class="tcol5">1530</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">P</td><td class="tcol5">7552</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Q</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">R</td><td class="tcol5">8359</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">S</td><td class="tcol5">14599</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">T</td><td class="tcol5">10872</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">U</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">W</td><td class="tcol5">16920</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Y</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">158522</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Lands returned not paid for</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">C</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">F</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">H</td><td class="tcol5">920</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">L</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">P</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">R</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">S</td><td class="tcol5">6020</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">W</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">10215</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Petso" id="Petso"></a>Glocester Rent Roll</p> + +<p class="center">A Rent Roll in Petso Parish</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Petso"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">Capt David Alexander</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Amis</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Acre</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Armistead</td><td class="tcol5">430</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ralph Baker</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martha Brooken</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Buckner</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samll Bernard</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Barnard</td><td class="tcol5">810</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Bailey</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Booker</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Cook</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Crymes</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Cobson</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Carter</td><td class="tcol5">1102</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Collone</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hannah Camell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj Clements</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Cleake</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Cook</td><td class="tcol5">135</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Coleman</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Day</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jerim Darnell</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Darnell</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Dudley</td><td class="tcol5">780</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Dudley</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Dudley</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Dixon</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Drument</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samll Fowler</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Fleming</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wido Forginson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Fockner</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Grymes</td><td class="tcol5">1400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Susannah Grinley</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Darcas Green</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Grout</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Harper</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Howard</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Hubard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Hasford</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hanes</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alextnder How</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Hill</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Hall</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Hull</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanll Hawes</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephen Johnson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Jones for Northington</td><td class="tcol5">530</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Glebe Land</td><td class="tcol5">127</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Kingson</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Edwd Lewis</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Lee Esq</td><td class="tcol5">1140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicho Lewis orphen</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Milner</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Minor</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Musgrove</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hayes an orphan</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb Mastin</td><td class="tcol5">360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Mackwilliams</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Nettles</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Norman</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isaac Oliver</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dorothy Oliver</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Pritchett</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Pate</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Price</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Madm Porteus</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Madm Page</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pobt Porteus</td><td class="tcol5">892</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Guy Parish</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Roane</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Reynolls</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Royston</td><td class="tcol5">570</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Read</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Richards in Pamunkey</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Shackelford</td><td class="tcol5">280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edward Symons</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicho Smith</td><td class="tcol5">280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Stubs</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Sivepson</td><td class="tcol5">280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Smith</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Augustin Smith</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Augustin Smith Junr</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Starbridge</td><td class="tcol5">159</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Thornton Senr</td><td class="tcol5">525</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Thornton Junr</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Thurston</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Upshaw</td><td class="tcol5">490</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Wisdom</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas West</td><td class="tcol5">112</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Whiting</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Williams</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Conquest Wyatt</td><td class="tcol5">2200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Seth Wickins</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walter Waters</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jane Wothem</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Yard</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Hall</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Whittmore Desarted</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Parsons Orphen</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Stephens</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Kelley Orphen</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">41132</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Tho Neale</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Kingston" id="Kingston"></a>Glocester Rent Roll</p> + +<p class="center">A Rent Roll of Kingston Parish</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Kingston"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">Rose Curtis</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Peyton</td><td class="tcol5">680</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Perrott</td><td class="tcol5">35</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Preston</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Green</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Cully</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Hayes</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrew Bell</td><td class="tcol5">128</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Humphry Toy</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Aldred</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dunkin Bahannah</td><td class="tcol3">113-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Hunley</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Gayle</td><td class="tcol5">164</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Math. Gayle Junr</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Hundley</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Hundley</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Hundley</td><td class="tcol5">660</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Cray</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hen. Knight</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Williams</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Beard</td><td class="tcol5">380</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Timothy Hundley</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Bedford</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Floyd</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Bohannah</td><td class="tcol3">113-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Armistead</td><td class="tcol5">3675</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christopher Dixon</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Bristow Esqr</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Gowing</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Ryland</td><td class="tcol5">272</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Nevill</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lawrence Parrott</td><td class="tcol5">340</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Brooks</td><td class="tcol5">720</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Bohannah</td><td class="tcol5">148</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Hampton</td><td class="tcol5">348</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Green</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt Dudley</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Knowles</td><td class="tcol5">575</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Tho. Todd</td><td class="tcol5">775</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Beard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Tomkins</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Bolton</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Eliott</td><td class="tcol5">1060</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Humphrey Tompkins</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniel Hunter</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Peyton</td><td class="tcol5">684</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Dudley</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Ransom Junr</td><td class="tcol5">310</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Peters</td><td class="tcol5">30</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Elliott</td><td class="tcol5">1247</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mich. Parriett</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Meachen Junr</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Caleb Linsey</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alexandr Ofield</td><td class="tcol5">23</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mark Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Garnet</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Plumer</td><td class="tcol5">510</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Brumley</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Credle</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Jones</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Sadler</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Sadler</td><td class="tcol5">20</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo Roberts</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Longest</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Fliping</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Watters</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Grundy</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Kemp</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Allaman</td><td class="tcol5">842</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Kemp</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ralph Shipley</td><td class="tcol5">430</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Turner</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll. James Ransom</td><td class="tcol5">1400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Putman</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Marchant</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Sinoh</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christopher Rispue</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj. Read</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walter Keble</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Brooks</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Gwin</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lindseys Land</td><td class="tcol5">390</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Garwood</td><td class="tcol5">77</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Callie</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Miggs</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Glascock</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Lylley</td><td class="tcol5">584</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo. Billups</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Singleton</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Foster</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Andrews</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Rice</td><td class="tcol5">34</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Martin</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Smith</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Sterling</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Diggs</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Howlett</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Miller</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrew Ripley</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Jarvis</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Armistead</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Banister</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Plumer</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isaac Plumer</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Borum</td><td class="tcol5">360</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Davis</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sam. Singleton</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Morgan Senr</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Morgan Junr</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Bacon</td><td class="tcol5">825</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Singleton</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Edwards</td><td class="tcol5">534</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Patrick Berry</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Forest</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">46537</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Ambrose Dudley</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-left: 2em;">1705</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Ware" id="Ware"></a>Glocester Rent Roll</p> + +<p class="center">A Rent Roll in Ware Parish</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Ware"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">Thomas Poole</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Croxson</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Purnell</td><td class="tcol5">163</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nocholas Pamplin</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Simon Stubelfield</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Price</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Saml. Vadrey</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samll Dawson</td><td class="tcol5">350</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nathan: Burwell</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Dawson</td><td class="tcol5">780</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Bacop</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Francis</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walter Greswell</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Read</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Shackelfield</td><td class="tcol5">35</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Freeman</td><td class="tcol5">135</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Marinex</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isaac Valine</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Haywood</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hugh Marinex</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Leonard Ambrose</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Grady</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Wm. Debnam</td><td class="tcol5">1250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Burton</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Spinks</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Hurst</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah More</td><td class="tcol5">67</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Ray</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Pryor</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christo. Greenaway</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Throgmorton</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Clark</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Cooper</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Kindrick</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samll. Simons</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Radford</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Robins</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alice Bates</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Easter</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Davison</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Morrin</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Bray</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grace Easter</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sampson Dorrell</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Francis Willis</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Powell</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Holland</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Cook</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Giles Cook</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Jones</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Collis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Smith</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Cheesman</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo. More</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Morris</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abraham Iveson Senr.</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robert Bristow Esqr.</td><td class="tcol5">2050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anthony Gregory</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Bailey</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Foulcher</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo. Jeffes</td><td class="tcol5">216</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Dudley Junr.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Buckner</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Todd</td><td class="tcol5">884</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John and Peter Waterfield</td><td class="tcol5">143</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Whiting</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Madm. Whiting</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Goodson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Morris</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Lassells</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Ransone</td><td class="tcol5">220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Waters</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dorothy Kertch</td><td class="tcol5">220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dorothy Boswell</td><td class="tcol5">1600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Cretendon</td><td class="tcol5">280</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb. Anniers</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb. Snelling</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Boswell</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Bullard</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anthony Elliot</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Armistead</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Kemp</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Majr. Peter Beverley</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ditto per Tillids Lands</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dudley Jolley</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Couch</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">31603</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Abbington" id="Abbington"></a>Glocester Rent Roll</p> + +<p class="center">A Rent Roll of Abbington Parish</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Abbington"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">Mr. Guy Smith</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">30</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Cary</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Sawyer</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd. Cary</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Barlow</td><td class="tcol5">62</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Cleaver Sworne</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd. Stevens</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Stevens</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chillion White</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jerimah Holt</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">of Ditto for the Widdo Babb</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Yarbborrow</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Starkey</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Seaton</td><td class="tcol5">170</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hugh Howard</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Booker</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Stoakes</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Dobson</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Dobson</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmd. Dobson</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hugh Allen</td><td class="tcol5">1250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Jackson</td><td class="tcol5">117</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Teagle</td><td class="tcol5">30</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Jones</td><td class="tcol5">45</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Seawell</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benj. Lane</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Valentine Lane</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jeffry Garves</td><td class="tcol5">33</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Coleman</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johanna Austin</td><td class="tcol5">40</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Majr. Burwell</td><td class="tcol5">3300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Satterwight</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jerimiah Holt Junr</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Stevens</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Roberts for wife</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Sadler</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Steavens</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Susannah Stubbs</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Foster</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Mitchell</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nathanll. Russell</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb. Richardson</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Camp</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Row</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Butler</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Smith Esqr.</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ditto for Robt. Byron</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Blackbourne</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Richeson</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benja Clements</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Graves</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Page</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph More</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Dixon</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb. Turner</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Owen Grathmee</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Woodfolk</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Waters</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Hilliard</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Heywood</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Hemingway</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Kemp</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Francis</td><td class="tcol5">104</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joshua Broadbent</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Coleman</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grustam Clent</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Grady</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Hall</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Walker</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Mixon</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Sanders</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Smith for Kittson</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Banister</td><td class="tcol5">2750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Madm. Mary Page</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Lewis Esq.</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">28426</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Richd. Cordell</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-left: 6em;">Ware</td><td class="tcol5">31603</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-left: 6em;">Petso</td><td class="tcol5">41123</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-left: 6em;">Kingston</td><td class="tcol5">46537</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">147698</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Middlesex" id="Middlesex"></a>A Perfect Role of the Land in Middlesex County Anno Dom. 1704</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Middlesex"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">Richard Atwood</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Allin</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Blewford</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mrs. Blaiss</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Bristow</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Blackley</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Corbin</td><td class="tcol5">2260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Carter</td><td class="tcol5">1150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Cheedle</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Carter</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Chaney</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nath. Cranke</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Dyatt</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Davie</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Freeman</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Goodrich</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo. Goodloe</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo. Guest</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Gabriell</td><td class="tcol5">30</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Finley</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Gardner</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. George</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">David George</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo. Hazellwodd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Hoare</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Reynolds</td><td class="tcol5">50</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Southerne</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Shurly</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Hapleton</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Southworth</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Jones</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Evan Jones</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Esqr. Wormley Estate</td><td class="tcol5">5200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Churchhill</td><td class="tcol5">1950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jacob Briston</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Pace</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Logie</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Price</td><td class="tcol5">519</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Perrott</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Kemp</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Kidd</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Weeks</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Weeks</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Webb</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Wood</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Williamson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Lee</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmd. Mickleburrough</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Valentine Mayo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Mountague</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garrett Minor</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Marvill Mosseley</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Mitcham</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Minie Minor</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Humphrey Jones</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. North</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Tugill</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Thacker</td><td class="tcol5">1875</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Tozeley</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Moderas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Mullins</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Smith</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Smith</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harry Beverley</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Wortham</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Grimes</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Mickleborough</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christo. Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">4000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Vibson</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Curtis</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Cranke</td><td class="tcol5">54</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Phil. Calvert</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Hipkins</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo. Blake</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Williams</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pat Mammon</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alexander Murray</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Poplar Smith</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Olixer Seager</td><td class="tcol5">380</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Gobbee</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Barnes</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Davis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Paul Thilman</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hugh Watts</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Clark</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Williams</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwin Thacker Estate</td><td class="tcol5">2500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Dudly</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Mackhan</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Paffitt</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho. Hiff</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Bromell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Blakey</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">1350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Jones</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Nicholls</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">George Berwick</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Hurford</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Hackney</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Kilbee</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ezikiah Rhodes</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Handiford</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Miller</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Scarborow</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Herne</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Dudley</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widdo Mason</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Chilton</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Dobson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Dudley</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Berkley</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Sutton</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sr. Wm. Skipwith</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Kemp</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Barbee</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Wallis</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adam Curtin</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Wm Armistead</td><td class="tcol5">2325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">49008</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span></p> +<p class="sec"><a name="Essex" id="Essex"></a>A True & Perfect Rent Roll of all the Lands held in Essex County this +present year 1704</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Essex"> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%; padding-top: 2em;">Abbott Wm.</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrews Geo</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adcock Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Adcock Henry</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Acres James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arving Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allin Erasmus</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Allin Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ayres Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Acres Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">1630</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Baulwar James</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bendall John</td><td class="tcol5">135</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Butler John</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowers Arthur</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baulwar James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beesley Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Barron Andrew</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bartlett Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Buskinghan</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beeswell Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beeswell Robt. Junr.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">420</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Charles</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Buckner Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Buckner Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brice Henry</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bourn Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beverly Harry</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Battail John</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baulwar John</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Booth Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Butler Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Butcher Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bendrey Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bird Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beckham Symon</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brutnall Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brook Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ball Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brooks James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Billington Mary</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brooks Peter</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bowman Peter</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brooks Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brasur Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brush Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker Henry</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bradburn Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Francis</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Danll. Junr.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bryom Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burnett Tho. Junr.</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baughan James Senr.</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baughan James</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baughan Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Danll. Senr.</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blackiston Argail</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burnett John</td><td class="tcol5">365</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burnett Tho. Junr.</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bailer Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brakins Qrtr.</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bell Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">19980</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Condute Nathll.</td><td class="tcol5">20</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cary Hugh</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Connoly Edwd.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cogwell Fredirick</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Copland Nicho.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cattlett Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">1800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Covengton Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cook John</td><td class="tcol5">112</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chew Larkin</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crow Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Covington Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cheney John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cole Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cheney Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Corbin Tho. Qr</td><td class="tcol5">440</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cockin Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coates Samll</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cooper Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cooper Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Copland Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crow Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">440</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chew Larkin</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cooper Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Compton Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cox Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Callaway Jos.</td><td class="tcol5">87</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coleman Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cobnall Symon</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chamberlain Leond.</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">9764</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Daniell James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Devillard Jacob</td><td class="tcol5">80</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">David Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dudding Andrew</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Evans</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dobbins Danll.</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dressall Timo.</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daughty John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dyer Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daingerfield Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daingerfield Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dunn Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dyer Jeffrey</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Day Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dicks Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">12959</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Evans Rice</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmondson James</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elliott Alice</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Evitt Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Emondson Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Flowers Isaac</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Faulkner Nicho.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farrell Charles</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Franklin Nicho.</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Foster Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Foster Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fisher Jonathan</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fisher Benja.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Frank Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fullerton James</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fossett Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ferguson Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Faulkner Edwd.</td><td class="tcol5">530</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">17219</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Green George</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gray Abner</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goulding Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gannock Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">2100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gaines Barnerd</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Griffin Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gibson Jonathan</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grigson Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gouldman Francis</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goulding John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goulding Edwd.</td><td class="tcol5">380</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Good Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garnett John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Glover John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hawkins John</td><td class="tcol5">1066</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hinshaw Samll.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hutson Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harrison James</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harrison Andrew</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hilliard Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harper Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harmon Henry</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hoult Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Humphrie Joe</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hail Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harper John</td><td class="tcol5">748</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harper Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hould David</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hudson Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hinds Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Howerton Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hodges Arth</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hows Qrtr</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harwood Peter</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harway Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hudson Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hudson Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Leond.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harwar Samll.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jamison David</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">165</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jenkins David</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jewell Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Widdo.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Walter</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jenkins John</td><td class="tcol5">93</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Journey Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">243</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jones Rice</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Key Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">209</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kerby Henry</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Landrum John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Landrum James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Long Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lomax John</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Loyd George</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lawson Claudy</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Little Abraham</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lacy John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Law John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lattaine Lewis</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Leveritt Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Micou Paul</td><td class="tcol5">15</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Martin John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morgain John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Miller John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Medor Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moseley Benja.</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mottley John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morris John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moss Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Merritt Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">124</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Merritt John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Munday Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Magcon David</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mice Hno.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mosseley Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mayfield Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthews Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moseley Edwd.</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Merriweather Francis</td><td class="tcol5">3200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mefflin Zach</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Michaell Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Merriweather Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">2100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mefflin Lath</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Medor John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morse John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthews Benja.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mountegue Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Newbury Nathll.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nixson Henry</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">North Wm</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Newton Nicho.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nightingall John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Osman James</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Presser John</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Poe Samll.</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pley Widdo.</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parker Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pitts Jon.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Piskell Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pain Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">135</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Price Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peteras Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell Honor</td><td class="tcol5">72</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">72</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell Place</td><td class="tcol5">72</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">72</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Payne Widdow</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Perkin Henry</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Prichett Roger</td><td class="tcol5">167</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Paggett Edmd.</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Price John</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pickett John</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Perry Samll.</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Price Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quarter Xtpher Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">2200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quartr Tho. Corbin</td><td class="tcol5">4000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Qrtr Robt. Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quartr John Hay</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quartr Wm. Smith</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quartr Gawen Corbin</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quartr Peter Ransom</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quartr David Gwin</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quartr Wm. Upshaw</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quartr Leversons</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Quartr Tho Todd</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ridgdall John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ramsey Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rowze Ralph</td><td class="tcol5">610</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rucker Peter</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rowze Edwd.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Royston John</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roberts Edmd.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rebs Henry</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reeves Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reeves James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roberts John</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richardson Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reynolds James Senr.</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reynolds James</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ransom Peter</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Strange Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stepp Abra.</td><td class="tcol5">390</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samll. Antho.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sail Cornelius</td><td class="tcol5">73</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Salmon John</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Spiers Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stokes Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Charles</td><td class="tcol5">3000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sullenger Peter</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sales Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">1150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shipley Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Spearman Job</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Francis</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stallard Samll.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ship Jos</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Short Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scott Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stogell Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephens Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Slaughter Phebe</td><td class="tcol5">352</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Jonas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanders John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stanton Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">95</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shepherd Jeremiah</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shackelford Francis</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sthrashley Tho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Staners Tho</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Snead Tho</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shackelford Henry</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thorp Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tinsley Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">111</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thacker Samll.</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tomlin Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taliaferro Francis</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thornton Fran.</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tomlin Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">1600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taliaferro Charles</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taliaferro John</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turner George</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tomlin Wm</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Trible Peter</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Taylor Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tilley Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vanters Bartho</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Virget Job</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Vincent Vaus</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wakeland Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Winslow Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Winslow Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams John</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williams Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilson David</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilton Richd.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wheeden Edwd.</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Widdo.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Whitehorn Widdo.</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wms. Emanuell</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Watkins Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waters John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb James</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wead Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wood Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williamson Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williamson Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Williamson John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb Robert</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb Isaac</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Woodnatt Henry</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waginer John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Geo.</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wheeler Tho</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Young Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Young Giles</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Muscoe Salvator</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moody John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maguffe John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brookins Quartr.</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Jno. Quartr</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Newton Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Newton Henry</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nowell Dall</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nowell Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garrett Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gould Price</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Green Samll.</td><td class="tcol5">97</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gouldman Fran.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gawdin Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grimmall Wm.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gaitwood John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Games John</td><td class="tcol5">475</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samll. Thompson</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">140580</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Lands held in the above said County the Rents not paid and held by the severall Gentlemen as followth vizt.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Smith Esqr. of Glocester County</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Buckner of Glocester by information</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Lightfoot Esqr. New Kent County</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Bridgate in Engld</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Wyatt & Jno. Pettus of King & Queen Cty</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Berry of Richmond County</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Richard Covington</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Accomack" id="Accomack"></a>Accomack Rent Roll</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Accomack"> +<tr><td class="lead">A</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%;">Alexander Richards</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arthur Upshot</td><td class="tcol5">2020</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Antho. West</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ann Simkins</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arthur Donas</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arnoll Harrison</td><td class="tcol5">630</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alex. Harrison</td><td class="tcol5">400</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alex. Bagwell</td><td class="tcol5">413</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Chase</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Arthur Frame</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alexdr West</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abraham Lambedson</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alex Benstone</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Blake Widdo.</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Anne Bruxe</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ar. Arcade Welburn</td><td class="tcol5">1854</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">9187</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">B</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Burnell Niblett</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Majr. Bennit Scarbrough</td><td class="tcol5">521</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">621</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">C</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Corneline Hermon</td><td class="tcol5">321</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christo Stokly</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Scarbrough</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Leatherbeny</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Bally</td><td class="tcol3">959-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Pywell</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Churchhil Darby</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Evill</td><td class="tcol5">550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Champison</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Christo Hodey</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cornelius Lofton</td><td class="tcol5">166</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Stockley</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Charles Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">580</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Catherine Gland</td><td class="tcol5">217</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">6312-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">D</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dorman Derby</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniell Derby Senr.</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dorothy Littlehouse</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">David Watson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Delight Shield</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniel Derby Junr.</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniel Harwood</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dennis Mores</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Daniel Gore</td><td class="tcol5">3976</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">5676</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">E</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Edmd Scarbrough</td><td class="tcol5">2000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Hitchins</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Turner</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Killam</td><td class="tcol5">720</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmd Allin</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Bagwell for Coll Wm. Custis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmd. Jones</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb. Tinley</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmd Tatham</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmd Bally</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmd Ayres</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd. Miles</td><td class="tcol5">413</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb. Mellchop</td><td class="tcol5">210</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd. Bell</td><td class="tcol5">101</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd. More</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd. Gunter</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Brotherton</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elias Blake</td><td class="tcol5">430</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Robins</td><td class="tcol5">782</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edwd Bally</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elias Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Elizb. Wharton</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mrs. Elizb Scarbrough</td><td class="tcol5">4205</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">17181</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">F</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Francis Mackenny</td><td class="tcol5">5109</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Robts.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Wainhouse</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Crofton</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Young</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Finley MackWm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Ayres</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Jester</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Benstone</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Wharton</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">7909</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">G</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo. Anthony</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo. Hastup</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Geo Nicho Halk</td><td class="tcol5">2700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Geo Parker</td><td class="tcol5">2609</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gervis Baggally</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Garrat Hictlims</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo Parker Sco. Side</td><td class="tcol5">1200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Griffin Savage</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo Middleton Senr.</td><td class="tcol5">588</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo Trevit</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo. Pounce</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo Middleton Junr.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo Johnson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt. Geo Hope</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">11067</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">H</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Armtrading</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Chance</td><td class="tcol5">445</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Selman</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Ubankes</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Lurton</td><td class="tcol5">363</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Stokes</td><td class="tcol5">208</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Custis</td><td class="tcol5">774</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Bagwell</td><td class="tcol5">412</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Read</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Ayres</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Drummond</td><td class="tcol5">483</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Toules</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Hickman</td><td class="tcol5">135</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Gibbins</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Truett</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">4965</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">J</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Tounson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Stokley</td><td class="tcol5">664</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Read</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Blake</td><td class="tcol5">310</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Ames</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Clark</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Fisher</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Gray</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Huffington</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Legatt</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Lary</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Longoe</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Merrey</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Milloy</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Pratt</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Revell</td><td class="tcol5">1450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Road</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Rowles</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno. Savage Senr</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Charles</td><td class="tcol5">480</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Willis Senr</td><td class="tcol5">430</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Willis Junr</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Fairfax</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Milby</td><td class="tcol5">830</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John West Junr</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Jenkins</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jonathan James</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Rodgers</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Collins</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Sincocke</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Metcalfe, Isaac Metcalfe and Samll. Metcalfe</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Touser</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Stanton</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bally</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">13715</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Melson</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bernes Senr</td><td class="tcol5">657</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Littletone</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Nock</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Killy</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jacob Morris</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Morris</td><td class="tcol5">640</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jona. Aylworth</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Davis</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Parkes</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Evans</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hull</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Blocksom</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Abbott</td><td class="tcol5">1170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Arew</td><td class="tcol5">234</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Grey</td><td class="tcol5">116</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Baker</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Wharton</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Glading</td><td class="tcol5">207</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Loftland</td><td class="tcol5">167</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Smith</td><td class="tcol5">756</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Majr Jno Robins</td><td class="tcol5">2700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Collins for Asban</td><td class="tcol5">1666</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Walker</td><td class="tcol5">525</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Whelton</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Marshall</td><td class="tcol5">1666</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jona Owen</td><td class="tcol5">230</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jacob Wagaman</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Capt John Broadhurst</td><td class="tcol5">1100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Dyer</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. John Watts</td><td class="tcol5">2450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Booth</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Bradford</td><td class="tcol5">364</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ingold Cobb</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Griffin</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Mitchell</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Parker</td><td class="tcol5">970</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Alexander</td><td class="tcol5">1250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Burocke</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Sterferar</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Perry</td><td class="tcol5">217</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Drummond</td><td class="tcol5">1550</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Carter on Foxs Island</td><td class="tcol5">203</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Warington</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Bagwell</td><td class="tcol5">465</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Wise Senr</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Wise Junr</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Dix</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isaac Dix</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Hickman</td><td class="tcol5">454</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Onians</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coll Jno Custis Esqr</td><td class="tcol5">5950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Coslin</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">46692</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">M</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Michaell Recetts</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mrs. Mattilda West</td><td class="tcol5">3600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Marke Evell</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Wright</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">4350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">N</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholas Mellchops</td><td class="tcol5">285</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nathaniel, Williams</td><td class="tcol5">64</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nathaniell Rattcliff</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">649</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">O</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Owen Collonell</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Overton Mackwilliams</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Obedience Pettman</td><td class="tcol5">115</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">815</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">P</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Major</td><td class="tcol5">113</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Parker</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Rogers</td><td class="tcol5">167</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Perry Leatherbury</td><td class="tcol5">1750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Turlington</td><td class="tcol5">79</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Ease</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Philip Fisher</td><td class="tcol5">433</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Chawell</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">3192</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">R</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Bell</td><td class="tcol5">650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Bally Senr.</td><td class="tcol5">2100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Bally Junr</td><td class="tcol5">180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Garrison</td><td class="tcol5">468</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roules Major</td><td class="tcol5">157</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rouland Savage Senr</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">95</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd. Rodgers</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Killam</td><td class="tcol5">1900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Wattson</td><td class="tcol5">425</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Jones</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Hutchinson</td><td class="tcol5">934</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Reynold Badger</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. West</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Cuttler</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Cole</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Drummond</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Stocomb</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Norton</td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Grindall</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Hickman</td><td class="tcol5">135</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Lewis</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Abbott</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richard Hill</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ralph Justice</td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Hinman</td><td class="tcol5">1800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Davis</td><td class="tcol5">384</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ragnall Aryes</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roger Miles</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Bundike</td><td class="tcol5">773</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Kittson</td><td class="tcol5">1300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Bally</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Starlin</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Flowers</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Price</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Pitts</td><td class="tcol5">2300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt Adkins</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rebeckha Benstone</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Hillayres</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">22816</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">S</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Benstone</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Beach</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sillvanus Cole</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Symon Sosque</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">South Littleton Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">2870</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephen Woltham</td><td class="tcol5">244</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Steph. Warrington</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Symon Mitchell</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stephen Drummond</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Selby Harrison</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sollomon Evell</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samll Young</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Reyley</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sebastian Dellistations Senr</td><td class="tcol5">500</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sebastian Dellistations Junr</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Skinner Wollope</td><td class="tcol5">2485</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samll. Sandford</td><td class="tcol5">3250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sebastian Silverthorn</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Symon Smith</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Coe</td><td class="tcol5">900</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samll Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">1232</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sarah Evins</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sebastian Croper</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Samuell Jester</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">15731</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">T</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Burton</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Bud</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Boules</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Clark</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Middleton</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Stringer</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Haule</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Fockes</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Bagwell</td><td class="tcol5">465</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Madm Tabitha Hill</td><td class="tcol5">3600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Rose</td><td class="tcol5">7</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Webb</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Savage</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Jones</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Scott</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Reyley</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Ternall</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Simpson</td><td class="tcol5">520</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Coper</td><td class="tcol5">711</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Miles</td><td class="tcol5">202</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Bonwell</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Bell Senr.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">The Bell Junr</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Touson Kiquotan</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Stockley</td><td class="tcol5">363</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Jester</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Smith</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Thomas Crippin</td><td class="tcol5">648</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Wilkinson</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Jenkinson</td><td class="tcol5">374</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Moore</td><td class="tcol5">166</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Allen</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Smith Savannah</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Perry</td><td class="tcol5">232</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Tonnson</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Smith Gingateague</td><td class="tcol5">693</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lieut Coll Robinson</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">15956</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">W</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Robins</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Patterson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Bevens</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Matthews</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Shepherd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Whett</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Winfred Woodland</td><td class="tcol5">333</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Andrews</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Custis</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Darby</td><td class="tcol5">83</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Fletcher</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Killam</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Lingoe</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Major</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Meeres</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Mack Sear</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Savage</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Waite</td><td class="tcol5">110</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Sill</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Waite Junr</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Bradford</td><td class="tcol5">3500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Rogers</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Wise</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Finey</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Consalvins</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Phillips</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Parker</td><td class="tcol5">362</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Cole</td><td class="tcol5">375</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Merill</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Johnson</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Lewis</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walter Hayes</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Chance</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Milby</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Nicholson</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Burton</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Willett</td><td class="tcol5">842</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Hudson</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Lewis</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Young</td><td class="tcol5">144</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Liechfield</td><td class="tcol5">154</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Bunting</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Nock Junr</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Lucas</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mary Mellechop</td><td class="tcol5">498</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Silverthorn</td><td class="tcol5">160</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Garman</td><td class="tcol5">475</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm White</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Broadwater</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Williamson</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Brittingham</td><td class="tcol5">538</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm. Benstone Jun.</td><td class="tcol5">270</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Dickson for Mr. Littleton</td><td class="tcol5">1050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Waite Senr</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wm Taylor</td><td class="tcol5">1400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">24599</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol3">196899-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Added to this Rent Roll the following Lands of which the Quit Rents may possibly be recovered tho the Owners live out of the Country Viz.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jonas Jackson</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Andrews</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joseph Morris</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robt. Meros</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hillory Stringer</td><td class="tcol5">950</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Fisher</td><td class="tcol5">133</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Fisher</td><td class="tcol5">133</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Timo Coe</td><td class="tcol5">4100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">David Hagard</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">6846</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">An Account of what Land in Accomack County the owners whereof are not dwellers.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Preson of Northampton</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Geo Corbin Ditto</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joshua Fichett Ditto</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alexdr Merey Maryld</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Dent</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr. Wm Kendalls orphans of Northampton County</td><td class="tcol5">2850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mr Hancock Lee dividing Creeks</td><td class="tcol5">4050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richd Watters in Maryland</td><td class="tcol5">1057</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francis Lailor Northamp</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Obedience Johnson Qtrs</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henry Smith at the Southerd</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grattiance Michell North</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matt. Tyson Southerd</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Teagle Woltham Maryld</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Peter Waltham New Engld</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Waltham Maryld</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">11707</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Jno Wise Sheriff</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> +<p class="sec"><a name="Northampton" id="Northampton"></a>The Rent Roll of Northampton County for the Year of our Lord God 1704</p> + +<div class="center"> +<table width="70%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Northampton"> +<tr><td class="lead">A</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="width: 60%;">Andrews Robt.</td><td class="tcol5" style="width: 40%;">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Andrews Andrew</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Addison John</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abdell Tho</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abdell Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Abdell Wm</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alligood John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Angell James</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Alligood Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">B</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bullock Geo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Boner Geo</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brown Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1862</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benthall Joseph Senr</td><td class="tcol5">793</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Benthall Joseph Junr</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Branson Francis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bateson</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Billot Jno</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Bell Geo</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Billott Wm</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brewer Jno</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Blackson Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brooks Jeane</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Beadwine Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Berthall Danll</td><td class="tcol5">258</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Baker John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Brickhouse Geo</td><td class="tcol5">2100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">C</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cob Samll</td><td class="tcol5">130</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Coape Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Custis Jno Coll</td><td class="tcol5">3400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Collier Bartho.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carpenter Charles</td><td class="tcol5">240</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cox Jno</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Church Samll</td><td class="tcol5">143</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cleg Jno. Senr</td><td class="tcol5">204</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clog Henry</td><td class="tcol5">204</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Carvy Richd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cowdry Josiah</td><td class="tcol5">167</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Cormeck Mich</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clerk Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Corban Geo</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Clerk Geo</td><td class="tcol5">833</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Caple Nath</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Callinett Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Crew John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Costin Francis</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Custis Majr John</td><td class="tcol5">3250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Custis Hancock</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Chick Tho.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">D</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Downing Jno.</td><td class="tcol5">70</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dewy Geo</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dewy Jacob</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Delby Margery</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dowty Rowland</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dunton John</td><td class="tcol5">170</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dunton Tho</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dowman John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dullock John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Denton Tho</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dunton Tho Junr</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dunton Wm</td><td class="tcol5">420</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dunton Benj</td><td class="tcol5">220</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Duparks Tho</td><td class="tcol5">90</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Davis Jno</td><td class="tcol5">850</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dunton Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Dixon Michaell</td><td class="tcol5">460</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">E</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eshon Jno</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Evans John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Edmunds David</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Evans Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Esdoll Geo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eyres Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1133</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eyres Nich</td><td class="tcol5">325</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eyres Capt Jno</td><td class="tcol5">774</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Eyres Anne Wido.</td><td class="tcol5">733</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Esdoll Edwd.</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">F</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fisher John</td><td class="tcol3">637-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Francisco Dan</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fisher Tho</td><td class="tcol3">637-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Foster Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fabin Paul</td><td class="tcol5">60</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Frost Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Frank Jno</td><td class="tcol5">500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Floyd Charles</td><td class="tcol5">378</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Freshwater Geo</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Frizell Geo</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Freshwater Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Fitchett Joshua</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Floyd Berry & Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">555</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">G</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gogni David</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gill Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gascoyne Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">125</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gascoyne Wm</td><td class="tcol5">525</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Greene Jno Senr</td><td class="tcol5">2200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Giddens Tho</td><td class="tcol5">227</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Grice Peter</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Godwin Devorix</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Goffogan Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Guelding Charles</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Griffith Jerimiah</td><td class="tcol5">345</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Griffith Benja</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">H</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hill Francis</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Henderson John</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Haggaman Isaac</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harmonson Jno</td><td class="tcol5">1600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harmonson Henry</td><td class="tcol5">1250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hanby Charles</td><td class="tcol5">25</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hanby Richd</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hanby Danll</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hanby John</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harmonson Capt Wm</td><td class="tcol5">308</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harmonson Geo</td><td class="tcol5">1586</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Harmonson Tho</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hawkins Jno Senr</td><td class="tcol5">66</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hawkins Jno Junr</td><td class="tcol5">66</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hawkins Gideon</td><td class="tcol5">66</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hunto Groton</td><td class="tcol5">485</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hunt John</td><td class="tcol5">440</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hunt Tho</td><td class="tcol5">290</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hall Francis Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">340</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">J</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson John Senr</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson John Junr</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Jacob</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Isaacs John Jnr</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joynes Major</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">James Joan Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Obedience Capt</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Tho Junr</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Thomas Senr</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jackson Jonah & John</td><td class="tcol5">625</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joynes Edmd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Joynes Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Jeptha Senr</td><td class="tcol5">50</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jacob Phillip Senr</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Jepha Junr</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Obedience & Jepha Sen</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Johnson Edmd</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jacob Richd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jacob Abraham</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">K</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Kendall Wm</td><td class="tcol5">2410</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Knight John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">L</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lawrence John</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lailler Luke</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lucas Tho</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Lewis Robt</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Littleton Susannah Wido</td><td class="tcol5">4050</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Luke John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">M</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Marshall Geo</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Farshall Jno</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Maddox Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Michaell Yeardly</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Matthews John</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Major John</td><td class="tcol5">390</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Map John</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Moore Matthew</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Mackmellion Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">More Gilbert</td><td class="tcol5">225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Morraine John</td><td class="tcol3">119-1/2</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">More Jno</td><td class="tcol5">545</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">More Eliner</td><td class="tcol5">175</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">N</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nicholson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nottingham Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nottingham Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nottingham Richd</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nottingham Benja</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Nelson John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">O</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Only Clement</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Odear John</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">P</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Parramore Tho</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Preson Tho</td><td class="tcol5">610</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell Frances Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">1225</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Palmer Samll</td><td class="tcol5">1562</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pyke Henry</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell John</td><td class="tcol3">636-1/3</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pittett Tho</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pittet Justian</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Pittett John</td><td class="tcol5">275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Powell Samll</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Paine Daniell</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Piggott Ralph</td><td class="tcol5">1368</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">R</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Read Thomas</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rascow Arthur</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ronan Wm</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roberts Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Richards Lettis</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robins Jno Majr</td><td class="tcol5">1180</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robins Littleton</td><td class="tcol5">1000</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Rabishaw Wm</td><td class="tcol5">55</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Roberts Obedience</td><td class="tcol5">260</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Robinson Benjamin</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">S</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shepherd Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Samll</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Savage Tho</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Tho</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Abrah</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Seady Antho</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sott Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Richd minor</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scot Geo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Richd</td><td class="tcol5">99</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scot Jno</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scott Henry</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scot David</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Peter</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanders Richd</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smaro John</td><td class="tcol5">800</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shepherd Tho</td><td class="tcol5">140</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanders Eustick</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Sanderson John</td><td class="tcol5">636</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Savidge John</td><td class="tcol5">410</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stringer Hillary</td><td class="tcol5">1250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Savidge Capt Tho</td><td class="tcol5">1600</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Savidge Elkington</td><td class="tcol5">750</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Scot Wm Senr</td><td class="tcol5">153</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Straton Benja</td><td class="tcol5">745</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Smith Geo</td><td class="tcol5">133</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Stockley Jno Senr</td><td class="tcol5">370</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Shepheard Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">830</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Seamore John</td><td class="tcol5">200</td><td><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span></td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">T</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tilney John</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tryfort Barth</td><td class="tcol5">147</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Teague Simeon</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Turner Richd</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Teague Tho</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tankard Wm</td><td class="tcol5">450</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tanner Paul</td><td class="tcol5">148</td></tr> +<tr><td class="lead">W</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb Henry</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wills Thorn</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">White John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilson Tho</td><td class="tcol5">250</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Westerhouse Adryan Senr</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walker John</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Ward Tho</td><td class="tcol5">120</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walter John</td><td class="tcol5">400</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waterfield Wm</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Warren John</td><td class="tcol5">525</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Warren Argoll</td><td class="tcol5">350</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Widgeon Robt</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilkins Jno</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb Edwd</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilcock Jno</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Warren James</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waterson Wm</td><td class="tcol5">855</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Warren Robt.</td><td class="tcol5">190</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Water Lieut-Coll Wm</td><td class="tcol5">700</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Webb Charles</td><td class="tcol3">133-1/4</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Willett Wms</td><td class="tcol5">2650</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Waterson Richd</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Wilkins Argoll</td><td class="tcol5">150</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Walter Elizb Widdo</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Warren Joseph</td><td class="tcol5">50</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">99671</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">Lands not paid for vizt</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Gleab formerly Capt Foxcrofts</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">John Majr at Occahannock</td><td class="tcol5">200</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Hogbin not being in Virginia</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Smith</td><td class="tcol5">300</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Tho Marshall orphan</td><td class="tcol5">75</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Jno Rews not in Virginia</td><td class="tcol5">100</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">2275</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4" style="padding-top: 1em;">The total on the other side is</td><td class="tcol5">99671 acres</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4">Added to it ye Glebe land</td><td class="tcol5">1500</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">———</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tcol4"></td><td class="tcol5">101171 acres</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>The preceding Sheets are true copys of the Rentrolls for the year 1704 given +in and accounted for by the several Sherifs in April 1705 and sworne to before +his Excellcy according to which they made up their accounts of the Quitrents +with</p> + +<p style="text-align: right;">Will Robertson Clerk.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span></p> +<h2><i>INDEX</i></h2> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span></p> +<h3>INDEX</h3> + +<table class="az" border="1" summary="Alphabetic jump-table for the index"> + <tr> + <td><a href="#IX_A">A</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_B">B</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_C">C</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_D">D</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_E">E</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_F">F</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_G">G</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_H">H</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_I">I</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_J">J</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_K">K</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_L">L</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_M">M</a></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td><a href="#IX_N">N</a></td> + <td>O</td> + <td><a href="#IX_P">P</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_Q">Q</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_R">R</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_S">S</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_T">T</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_U">U</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_V">V</a></td> + <td><a href="#IX_W">W</a></td> + <td>X</td> + <td><a href="#IX_Y">Y</a></td> + <td>Z</td> + </tr> +</table> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_A" id="IX_A"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">A</span>ccomac, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>; <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Allen, Arthur, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>six tithables, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Allen, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li><i>Burgess</i> in 1629, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Allerton, Isaac, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Ambrose, Robert, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Anbury, Major, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes Virginia upper class, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Andros, Sir Edmund, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>; <a href="#Page_35">35</a>; <a href="#Page_52">52</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>hesitates to deprive wealthy of land holdings, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>-<a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Archer, George, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>;</li> + <li>extensive landowner, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Armetrading, Henry, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> +<li>Artisans, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>became planters in Virginia, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li> + <li>called for in broadside of 1610, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li> + <li>on the plantations, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>-<a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Ashton, Peter, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Austin, James, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Avery, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>his cattle, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>;</li> + <li>inventory of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_B" id="IX_B"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">B</span>acon Nathaniel, Sr., <a href="#Page_109">109</a>; <a href="#Page_110">110</a>.</li> +<li>Bacon, Nathaniel, Jr., + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes poverty in Virginia, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>;</li> + <li>rebellion of and <i>Navigation Acts</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>-<a href="#Page_93">93</a>;</li> + <li>says peoples hoped in <i>Burgesses</i>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>; <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Baker, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>buys <i>Button's Ridge</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Baldwin, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowner, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Ballard, Thomas, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> +<li>Ball, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 22 slaves.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Baltic, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>English trade of, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>Denmark controls entrance to, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> + <li>wars endanger trade to, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> + <li>cheap labor of, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>; <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco trade to, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>-<a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> + <li>trade to injured by wars, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Banister, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 88 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Barbadoes, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>complain of <i>Navigation Acts</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Barnett, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servant, <i>Burgess</i> in 1629, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bassett, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Beer, George Lewis, + <ul class="IX"> + <li> defends <i>Navigation Acts</i>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>-<a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>says trade restrictions did not cause <i>Bacon's Rebellion</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>;</li> + <li>statement of concerning county grievances, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>;</li> + <li>denies that serious opposition existed to <i>Navigation Acts</i>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>-<a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bell, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bennett, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>estate of described, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bennett, Samuel, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Berkeley, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>conducts iron works in Virginia, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Berkeley, Lord John, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</li> +<li>Berkeley, Sir William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes servants, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> + <li>describes early mortality among servants, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>;</li> + <li>estimates servants at 6,000 in 1671, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li> + <li>instructed to prohibit foreign trade, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>;</li> + <li>permits foreign trade during <i>Civil War</i>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>;</li> + <li>calls Virginia land of opportunity, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>;</li> + <li>proclaims Charles II, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>; <a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li> + <li>describes poverty of Virginia, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>;</li> + <li>controls Assembly, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>;</li> + <li>goes to England to combat <i>Navigation Acts</i>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>-<a href="#Page_95">95</a>;</li> + <li>plans to establish manufactures, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>;</li> + <li>denounces <i>Navigation Acts</i>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>-<a href="#Page_96">96</a>; <a href="#Page_98">98</a>;</li> + <li>secures body guard, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>;</li> + <li>elected Governor prior to Restoration, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>;</li> + <li>fears King's resentment, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>;</li> + <li>small planters turn against in <i>Bacon's Rebellion</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>;</li> + <li>estimates slaves at 2,000 in 1670, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>; <a href="#Page_125">125</a>; <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Beverley, Robert, Sr., + <ul class="IX"> + <li>extensive dealer in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>; <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Beverley, Robert, Jr., <a href="#Page_61">61</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>imports slaves, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>;</li> + <li>describes pride of poor whites, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bibbie, Edmund, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Binns, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>eight tithables, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bishop, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li><i>Burgess</i> and landowner, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Blackstone, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>patents land, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bland, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>remonstrates against <i>Navigation Acts</i>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>-<a href="#Page_89">89</a>; <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span></li> + </ul></li> +<li>Blair, Rev. John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>asks funds for college, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Blewit, Capt., + <ul class="IX"> + <li>sets up iron works in Virginia, dies, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Board of Trade, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>arrears of quit rents reported to, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li><i>Nicholson</i> writes to concerning rent roll, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>;</li> + <li>says servants not slaves, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li> + <li><i>Berkeley</i> protests to, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> + <li>asks reasons for emigration of <i>Virginia</i> whites, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>;</li> + <li>seeks to limit size of land grants, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> + <li>again alarmed at emigration from Virginia, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bolling, Mrs. Mary, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 51 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Brent, Giles, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>; <a href="#Page_109">109</a>; <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bridger, Joseph, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>; <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Briggs, Gray, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 43 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>British Empire, + <ul class="IX"> + <li> beginnings of misunderstood, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;</li> + <li> begun, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li> + <li>important rôle of tobacco in, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Broadnat, John, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li> +<li>Broadside, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>in 1610 calls for settlers for Virginia, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Browne, Robert, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Browne, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>nine tithables, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bruce, Philip Alexander, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes small planters, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Brunswick, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>land patents in small, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bullock, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>denies that servants are slaves, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Burgesses, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>petition King, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>;</li> + <li>complain of high freight rates, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>;</li> + <li>freedmen among, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>-<a href="#Page_75">75</a>;</li> + <li><i>Navigation Acts</i> and, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>-<a href="#Page_95">95</a>;</li> + <li>represent interest of small planters, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>;</li> + <li>defy the king, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>;</li> + <li>petition of, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>;</li> + <li>rule Virginia, 1652-1660, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>;</li> + <li>growing influence of, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Burwell, Francis, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>patents land in <i>James City</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Burwell, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 42 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Burwell, Lewis, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>; <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Burcher, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>patents land, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Bushood, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>sells land, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Butt, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Button, Robert, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>receives estate, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Button, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>owner of <i>Button's Ridge</i>, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Byrd, William I, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>says rent rolls inaccurate, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>; <a href="#Page_109">109</a>;</li> + <li>uses slaves, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Byrd, William II, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>gives reasons for emigration to <i>Carolina</i>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_C" id="IX_C"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">C</span>arter, John, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> +<li>Carter, Robert, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 126 slaves, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Carleill, Capt. Christopher, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>urges trade with America, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Carolina, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>emigration to from Virginia, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>-<a href="#Page_100">100</a>; <a href="#Page_139">139</a>-<a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Cattle, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plentiful in Virginia, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Chambers, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servants and slaves of, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Chandler, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Charles I, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>considers smoking harmful, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li> + <li>tries to limit tobacco planting in Virginia, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li> + <li>tries to limit English tobacco crop, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li> + <li>limits price of tobacco, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>;</li> + <li>regulates tobacco trade, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>-<a href="#Page_69">69</a>; <a href="#Page_70">70</a>;</li> + <li>defied by <i>Assembly</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>; <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Charles II, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>proclaimed in Virginia, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>; <a href="#Page_111">111</a>; <a href="#Page_93">93</a>; <a href="#Page_96">96</a>;</li> + <li>not restored in Virginia before Restoration in England, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>;</li> + <li>tyranny of, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Charles City, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plantations small, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>; <a href="#Page_54">54</a>;</li> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>; <a href="#Page_79">79</a>; <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Chastellux, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes poor whites of Virginia, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>;</li> + <li>notes indolence of poor whites, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Chew, Larkin, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>dealer in <i>Spotsylvania</i> land, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Claiborne, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Clayton, Thomas, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li> +<li>Clergy, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>many plant tobacco, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Clothing, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>want of felt in Virginia, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Cloyse, Pettyplace, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Cole, Edward, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>patents land in <i>James City</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Colonial expansion, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>sought as remedy for British economic dependence, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>;</li> + <li>urged by economists, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>; <a href="#Page_12">12</a>; <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Colonial system, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>imperfectly enforced prior to 1660, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>-<a href="#Page_69">69</a>; <a href="#Page_85">85</a>-<a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>embodied in <i>Navigation Acts</i>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>;</li> + <li>colonies to supplement England, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>workings of at end of 17th century, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li> + <li> British conception of, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Commerce, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>of England with Baltic, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>principles of long known, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>;</li> + <li>of England with Europe and East, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li> + <li>of England with France declines, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li> + <li>affords key to history, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>;</li> + <li>in reëxported tobacco, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span></li> + <li>in tobacco revives after 1683, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>-<a href="#Page_115">115</a>;</li> + <li>in reëxported tobacco, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>-<a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li> + <li>importance of in tobacco for England, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Commonwealth, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>tobacco high under, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>;</li> + <li>Virginians trade abroad under, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>; <a href="#Page_98">98</a>;</li> + <li>attitude of Virginia under, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>-<a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Constable, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>trades illegally, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Cooke, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Cornell, Samuel, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servants and slaves of, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Council, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>complains of high freight rates, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>; <a href="#Page_90">90</a>;</li> + <li>describes poverty in Virginia, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>;</li> + <li>says Virginia ready to revolt to Dutch, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>; <a href="#Page_109">109</a>; <a href="#Page_110">110</a>;</li> + <li>members of hold land illegally, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> + <li>gives reasons for immigration out of Virginia, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>;</li> + <li>describes misery in Virginia, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>;</li> + <li>declining influence of, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Creighton, Henry, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>sells 100 acres, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Criminals, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>few sent to Virginia, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> + <li>make no imprint on social fabric, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Crocker, Wm., + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servants and slaves of, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Cromwell, Oliver, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>sends Irish servants to Virginia, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Crump, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servant, <i>Burgess</i> in 1632, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>;</li> + <li>landowner, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Culpeper, Lord, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>fears ruin of Virginia, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Custis, John, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> +</ul> + + + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_D" id="IX_D"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">D</span>aingerfield, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 61 slaves, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Dawson, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Day, John, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li> +<li>Delaware, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>manufactures of lure poor Virginia whites, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>;</li> + <li>ration to, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>-<a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Delk, Roger, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Dicks, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>purchases land, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Digges, Dudley, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> +<li>Diggs, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 72 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Dinwiddie county, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>poor whites in, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>;</li> + <li>small slave holders of, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>;</li> + <li>large slave holders of, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Dodman, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowner, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Dorch, Walter, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>inventory of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Duties, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>French put on English woolens, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li> + <li>on reëxported tobacco partly refunded, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>;</li> + <li>on reëxported tobacco, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>;</li> + <li>on tobacco yield grown large revenue, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_E" id="IX_E"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">E</span>dwards, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>slaves of in plot, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Edwards, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has six tithables, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>;</li> + <li>slaves of in plot, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Effingham, Lord, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>tyranny of in Virginia, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Elizabeth City, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plantations of small, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>;</li> + <li>servants and slaves in, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Emigration, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>from Virginia in years from 1660 to 1725, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>-<a href="#Page_146">146</a>;</li> + <li>not caused by large land grants, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>-<a href="#Page_145">145</a>;</li> + <li> extent of, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>England, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>colonial expansion necessary for, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>;</li> + <li>forests depleted, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>;</li> + <li>industry declining, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>Baltic trade of, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>future depends on colonies, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>; <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;</li> + <li>joy of at founding of Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>;</li> + <li>disappointed in Virginia, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco bill of, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li> + <li>supplies Virginia with labor, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;</li> + <li>poverty in, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;</li> + <li>cannot consume entire colonial tobacco crop, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco planting in prohibited, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>glut of tobacco in, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>-<a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li> + <li>adheres to colonial policy, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Epes, Francis, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>.</li> +<li>Essex, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>land transfers in, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>plantations of small, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_F" id="IX_F"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">F</span>alling Creek, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>iron works at, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li> + <li>destroyed in 1622, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Fane, Francis, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>says slave labor cheapens tobacco, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Fish, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plentiful in Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Fithian, Philip, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes poor whites of Virginia, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Fitzhugh, William, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>refers to slave imports, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Flax, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>in Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Fleet, tobacco, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>brings servants, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>size of in 1690 and 1706, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Foster, Armstrong, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li> +<li>Foster, Robert, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>buys 200 acres, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Fowl, wild, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>abundant in colonial Virginia, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Fox, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 25 slaves, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>France, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>exports wine and silk, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li> + <li>British trade with declines, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco trade to, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> + <li>trade to injured by war, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Freedmen, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>80 per cent of servants become, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li> + <li>prior to 1660 remained in Virginia, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span></li> + <li>form large part of population, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li> + <li>annual recruits of, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li> + <li>usually young, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> + <li>might acquire property, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> + <li>perform bulk of work, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> + <li>what became of, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> + <li>become small planters, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li> + <li>outfit of, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li> + <li>not entitled to land, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li> + <li>prosperity of hinges on tobacco, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>;</li> + <li>Virginia land of opportunity for, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>;</li> + <li>profits of from tobacco, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>-<a href="#Page_72">72</a>;</li> + <li>in <i>Burgesses</i>, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>-<a href="#Page_74">74</a>;</li> + <li>prosperous, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>-<a href="#Page_80">80</a>;</li> + <li>little hope of advancement for after 1660, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>-<a href="#Page_100">100</a>;</li> + <li>few in rent roll of 1704, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>-<a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Freemen, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>entitled to headrights, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>many come to Virginia, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> + <li>become small planters, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>-<a href="#Page_75">75</a>;</li> + <li>many pay own passage, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>-<a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Freight rates, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>high from England, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>-<a href="#Page_72">72</a>;</li> + <li>excessive, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Fruit, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>abundant in Virginia, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Fuel, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>abundant in Virginia, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_G" id="IX_G"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">G</span>ardens, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>common in Virginia, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Garnet, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>buys 600 acres, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>George, The, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>takes cargo of tobacco to England, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>; <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Gilbert, George, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>patents land in <i>James City</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Gilbert, Sir Humphrey, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>voyage to America, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Glass, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>possibilities for in Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>;</li> + <li>beginning made of in Virginia, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li> + <li>early history of in Virginia, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>-<a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Gloucester, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>average plantation in, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>;</li> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>; <a href="#Page_80">80</a>; <a href="#Page_113">113</a>;</li> + <li>poor whites of, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>;</li> + <li>small slave holders in, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>;</li> + <li>large slave holders in, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>; <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Good, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes poverty in Virginia, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Gooch, Governor, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>says large holdings no impediment to settlement, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>;</li> + <li>says poor whites make best tobacco, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Governor, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plants tobacco, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li> + <li>appoints sheriffs, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>makes efforts to collect quit rents, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>; <a href="#Page_65">65</a>;</li> + <li>neglects servants, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>; <a href="#Page_90">90</a>; <a href="#Page_109">109</a>;</li> + <li>elected by burgesses, 1652-1660, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Goring, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servants and slaves of, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Grain, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>abundance of in Virginia, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Graves, Ralph, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>his servant valued at £10, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Grey, James, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>buys 200 acres, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Grey, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>his cattle, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>;</li> + <li>inventory of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Grey, Francis, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>Burgess and landowner, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>-<a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Grey, Thomas, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</li> +</ul> + + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_H" id="IX_H"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">H</span>akluyt, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>advises colonial expansion, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>;</li> + <li>shows British dependence on Spain, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li> + <li>expects surplus of population in England to emigrate to America, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>; <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Hammond, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>advice to servants, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li> + <li>describes Virginia residences, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Harmar, Charles, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>imports slaves, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Harris, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li><i>Burgess</i> in 1629, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Harrison, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> +<li>Hart, Henry, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>his slave in plot, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Hartwell, Henry, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Harvey, Sir John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>complains of low prices for tobacco, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>;</li> + <li>asks freedom of trade for Virginia, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>;</li> + <li>testifies to illegal foreign trade, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>-<a href="#Page_69">69</a>;</li> + <li>complains of high freight rates, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>;</li> + <li>ejected by people, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Hatfield, James, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Headrights, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>described, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>; <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>averaged about 1750 a year, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li> + <li>determine size of land grants, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</li> + <li>brought in by well known planters, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>;</li> + <li>do not belong to servant, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li> + <li>appear in wills, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>;</li> + <li>transfer of by sale, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>;</li> + <li>become landowners, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>;</li> + <li>not all servants, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>;</li> + <li>compared with rent roll, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>-<a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Hemp, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>in Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Henrico, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>false returns in, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>;</li> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>;</li> + <li>servants and slaves in, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>; <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Hill, Edward, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> +<li>Hill, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>;</li> + <li>book binder at <i>Oxford</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Hodge, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servants and slaves of, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Holding, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowner, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Holland, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>exports fish, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li> + <li>trade of declines, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li> + <li>controls slave trade, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>; <a href="#Page_125">125</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco exports to, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>-<a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li> + <li><i>Navigation Acts</i> cut exports to, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>distributor of English colonial tobacco, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>;</li> + <li>plants own tobacco, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>;</li> + <li>wars with, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li> + <li>Virginians threaten to revolt to, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>; <a href="#Page_116">116</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco exports to, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li> + <li>fights to preserve her monopoly of slave trade, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li> + <li>seeks to control tobacco trade on continent, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>-<a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Honey, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>produced in Virginia, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span></li> + </ul></li> +<li>Hotten's Emigrants to America, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>gives lists of servants, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>; <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Houses, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>comfortable in Virginia, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>-<a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Howlett, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>buy 200 acres, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_I" id="IX_I"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">I</span>mmigration, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>volume of in 17th century, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>-<a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> + <li>fixes character of eastern Virginia, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> + <li>not restricted to servants, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Indentures, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>system of, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>;</li> + <li>terms of, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Indians, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>desire to convert, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;</li> + <li>revere tobacco, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</li> + <li>unsuited for laborers, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Industry, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>pictured in Virginia, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li> + <li>Virginia not suited for, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Inventories, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>throw light on distribution of servants and slaves, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>; <a href="#Page_73">73</a>;</li> + <li>typical examples of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>-<a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Iron, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>smelting of exhausts forests, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>could be smelted in Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>;</li> + <li>early manufacture of in Virginia, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>-<a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Isle of Wight county, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>; <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_J" id="IX_J"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">J</span>ackson, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 49 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>James I, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>forced to use tobacco, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> + <li>considers smoking harmful, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li> + <li>regulates tobacco trade, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>James II, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>tyranny of, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>James City county, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plantations and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>;</li> + <li>landowners listed as headrights in, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>-<a href="#Page_77">77</a>; <a href="#Page_79">79</a>;</li> + <li>slave plot in, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>James River, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>iron works on, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>; <a href="#Page_39">39</a>; <a href="#Page_70">70</a>; <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Jamestown, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>glass furnace at, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>;</li> + <li>streets of planted with tobacco, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>; <a href="#Page_86">86</a>; <a href="#Page_111">111</a>; <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Jefferson, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>says slavery made whites lazy, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Jeffreys, Jeffrey, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>imports slaves, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Jennings, Edmund, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes slave plot, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>-<a href="#Page_129">129</a>;</li> + <li>says slaves injure credit of Virginia, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>;</li> + <li>says few servants in 1708, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>-<a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li> + <li>describes slave trade, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>-<a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li> + <li>describes migration of poor whites, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>-<a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Johnson, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>sells land, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Johnson, Joseph, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>transports servants, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>-<a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Jones, Anthony, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servant, becomes landowner, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Jones, Hugh, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>says tenants small part of population, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>; <a href="#Page_155">155</a>;</li> + <li>says negroes make poor artisans, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Jordan, Lt. Col., + <ul class="IX"> + <li>pays taxes on seven tithables, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_K" id="IX_K"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">K</span>emp, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>says immigrants mostly servants, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>King William county, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>King and Queen county, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Kinsman, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>makes <i>perry</i>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Knight, Sir John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>says Virginia ready to revolt to Holland, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_L" id="IX_L"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">L</span>abor, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>lack of in Virginia, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li> + <li>foreign at Jamestown, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>;</li> + <li>lack of handicaps industry, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>; <a href="#Page_20">20</a>;</li> + <li>in Virginia determined by tobacco, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>;</li> + <li>cheap needed in Virginia, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> + <li>serious problem, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> + <li>Indians unsuited for, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li> + <li>slave, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li> + <li>England supplies, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;</li> + <li>indenture system to supply, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>;</li> + <li>influx of, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Lancaster, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>poor planters in, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>;</li> + <li>small slave holders of, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Land, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>cheap in Virginia, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>; <a href="#Page_45">45</a>;</li> + <li>transfers of in Surry county, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>in York, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>in <i>Rappahannock</i>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>listed in rent roll of 1704-5, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>monopoly of said to cause migration from Virginia, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>-<a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> + <li>large tracts granted, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>-<a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Land grants, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>average extent of, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</li> + <li>determined by method of transporting immigrants, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</li> + <li>vary greatly in size, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</li> + <li>not index to size of plantations, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Landowners, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>few large in 17th century, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> + <li>glad to sell in small parcels, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>;</li> + <li>chiefly small proprietors, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>in census of 1626, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>in York county, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>in Essex, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>often avoid quit rents, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>listed in rent roll of 1704-5, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>small proprietors neglected in history, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>;</li> + <li>often poor men, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>;</li> + <li>many work farms with own hands, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>;</li> + <li><i>Government</i> expects servants to become, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>;</li> + <li>profits of from tobacco, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>-<a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Larkin, George, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes large land holdings, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Lawrence, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowner, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li><i>Leah and Rachel</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.</li> +<li>Lee, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>imports 80 slaves, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Leightenhouse, Thomas, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>.</li> +<li>Linton, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>estimates colonial tobacco, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>;</li> + <li>estimates amount of reëxported tobacco, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>;</li> + <li>declares Baltic tobacco trade ruined, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>;</li> + <li>describes tobacco raising in Holland, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span></li> + </ul></li> +<li>London Company, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>national character of, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>;</li> + <li>plans manufactures for Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>;</li> + <li>cannot secure laborers for Virginia, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li> + <li>sets up iron works at Falling Creek, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>-<a href="#Page_18">18</a>;</li> + <li>displeased at tobacco culture in Virginia, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco only hope of, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li> + <li>expects Virginia to duplicate England, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>;</li> + <li>high price of tobacco pleases, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>; <a href="#Page_73">73</a>; <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Ludwell, Philip, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>; <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</li> +<li>Ludwell, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>places average tobacco crop at 1200 pounds, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>; <a href="#Page_90">90</a>;</li> + <li>says tobacco worth nothing, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>; <a href="#Page_91">91</a>; <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_M" id="IX_M"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">M</span>anufactures, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>attempts to establish in Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>-<a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li> + <li>cause of failure, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li> + <li>purchased from Dutch, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>-<a href="#Page_69">69</a>;</li> + <li>colonial system based on expectation of, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>Berkeley tries to establish, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>;</li> + <li>local in Virginia, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>;</li> + <li>of tobacco in England, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</li> + <li>exports of to tobacco colonies, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li> + <li>in northern colonies lure Virginia whites, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>; <a href="#Page_141">141</a>;</li> + <li>on plantations, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>; <a href="#Page_156">156</a>-<a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Market, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>not free for tobacco, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco sent to foreign, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>-<a href="#Page_70">70</a>;</li> + <li>Navigation Acts cut of foreign, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco reëxported to continental, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>-<a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li> + <li>Virginia and Maryland furnish for England, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Maryland, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>emigration of whites from, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>;</li> + <li>House of Delegates of explains migration, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Mason, Francis, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>seven tithables, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Mason, Winfield, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 40 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Massacre, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>iron works destroyed during, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Matthews, Samuel, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>his estate described, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Merchant marine, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>threatened in England by lack of shipbuilding materials, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> + <li>part of sea defense, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>;</li> + <li>depleted at end of 16th century, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco exports aid British, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Menefie, George, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>his estate described, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Middlesex, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plantations small, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Milner, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Moseley, Capt. William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li> buys part of <i>Button's Ridge</i>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Muir, Francis, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 47 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Muscovy Company, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>Baltic trade of, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>not exempt from customs, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> + <li>urged to trade with America, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_N" id="IX_N"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">N</span>ansemond, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plantations of small, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>plantations and tithables in, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Navigation Acts, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>described, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>-<a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>resented in Holland, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>-<a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li> + <li><i>Bland's</i> remonstrance against, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>;</li> + <li>cause of war with Holland, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>;</li> + <li>cause extreme poverty in Virginia, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>-<a href="#Page_92">92</a>;</li> + <li>connected with <i>Bacon's Rebellion</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>-<a href="#Page_93">93</a>;</li> + <li>why Virginia <i>Assembly</i> did not protest against, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>-<a href="#Page_95">95</a>;</li> + <li><i>Berkeley</i> protests against, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>-<a href="#Page_95">95</a>; <a href="#Page_98">98</a>;</li> + <li>retard growth of population, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>-<a href="#Page_99">99</a>;</li> + <li>design of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li><i>New Albion</i>, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes abundance of food in Virginia, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>;</li> + <li>advises settlers in Virginia as to clothing, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li><i>New Description of Virginia</i>, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>presents optimistic picture of Virginia, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li> + <li>puts price of tobacco at 3d a pound, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>;</li> + <li>describes foreign tobacco trade, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>;</li> + <li>describes Virginia houses, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>;</li> + <li>cites cases of wealth in Virginia, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>New Kent, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Newport, Capt. Christopher, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>returns to England in 1607, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>;</li> + <li>brings iron ore to England in 1607, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>New Jersey, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>manufactures of lure Virginia whites, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Nicholson, Sir Francis, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>; <a href="#Page_50">50</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>orders accurate rent roll in 1690, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>again attempts rent roll in 1699, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>;</li> + <li>completes rent roll, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>; <a href="#Page_54">54</a>;</li> + <li>makes rent roll accurate, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>; <a href="#Page_114">114</a>;</li> + <li>gives reason for migration from Virginia and Maryland, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>;</li> + <li>sues Col. Lawrence Smith for arrears of quit rents, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> + <li>testifies to large land grants, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Norfolk, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plantations of small, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>;</li> + <li>slave plot in, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Northampton, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>; <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>North Carolina, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servants flee to, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Northern Neck, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>omitted in rent roll, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>; <a href="#Page_54">54</a>; <a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Norton, Capt. Wm., + <ul class="IX"> + <li>brings glass workers to Virginia, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li> + <li>dies, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_P" id="IX_P"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">P</span>age, Matthew, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> +<li>Page, Mann, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 157 slaves, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Pagett, Anthony, + <ul class="IX"> + <li><i>Burgess</i> in 1629, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Parke, Daniel, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</li> +<li>Patent Rolls, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>in Virginia Land Office, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> + <li>average grants in, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</li> + <li>show large dealers in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>; <a href="#Page_73">73</a>;<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span></li> + <li>reveal names of freedmen, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>-<a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Pattison, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowner, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Pearson, Christopher, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>inventory of, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Pelton, George, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li> +<li>Pennsylvania, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>manufactures of lure Virginia whites, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>;</li> + <li>migration to, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>-<a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li><i>Perfect Description</i>, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>numbers cattle in Virginia, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Perry Micajah, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>reports on tobacco trade, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Plantations, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>Virginia made up of, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> + <li>cheap in Virginia, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> + <li>labor for, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>-<a href="#Page_37">37</a>;</li> + <li>unhealthful sites for, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>;</li> + <li>few large, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> + <li>small hold own with large, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>;</li> + <li>small outnumber large, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>; <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>transfers of in Surry county, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>patents not index to size of, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>;</li> + <li>tendency to break up large into small, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>;</li> + <li>listed in rent roll of 1704-5, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>largest in various counties, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>average size of, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>accurately listed in rent roll, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>;</li> + <li>comparison of number of with workers, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>;</li> + <li>number in each county, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>;</li> + <li>settlers buy on frontier, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>;</li> + <li>part only of each cultivated, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Popleton, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li><i>Burgess</i> in 1629, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Population, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>; <a href="#Page_29">29</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>growth of from 1649 to 1675, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>;</li> + <li>growth of slow, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Potash, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>England's need for, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>found in Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>;</li> + <li>first efforts to produce in Virginia, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Pott, Dr. John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>incites people against <i>Sir John Harvey</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Poultry, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plentiful in Virginia, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Poverty, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>in England, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;</li> + <li>Navigation Acts cause in Virginia, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>;</li> + <li>one cause of <i>Bacon's Rebellion</i>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>-<a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li><i>Present State of Tobacco Plantations</i>, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes tobacco trade to France and Spain, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> + <li>puts tobacco duties at £400,000, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>;</li> + <li>describes ill effects of wars on tobacco trade, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Prince George county, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plantations and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Princess Anne county, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>plantations of small, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>; <a href="#Page_54">54</a>;</li> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>;</li> + <li>slave plot in, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>;</li> + <li>small slave holders in, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Public Record Office, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has copy of rent roll of 1704, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_Q" id="IX_Q"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">Q</span>uary, Colonel, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>says wars ruin tobacco trade, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>; <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Quit rents, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>collected by Crown on land, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>;</li> + <li>revenue from considerable, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>; <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>often in arrears, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>roll of in 1704, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>-<a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_R" id="IX_R"></a><span style="font-size: 200%">R</span>amshaw, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Randall, Robert, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>seven tithables, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Randolph, Edward, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>remarks on slow growth of Virginia population, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>;</li> + <li>says holdings of large tracts of land causes migration from Virginia, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>-<a href="#Page_143">143</a>;</li> + <li>says quit rents avoided, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>;</li> + <li>suggests limiting size of grants, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Randolph, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>imports slaves, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Rappahannock county, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>land transfers in, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>landowners of listed as headrights, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>; <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Rent Roll, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>Nickolson orders, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>attempted in 1699, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>;</li> + <li>completed in 1704-5, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>;</li> + <li>shows small plantations, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>accuracy of, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>-<a href="#Page_55">55</a>;</li> + <li>5,500 farms listed in, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>;</li> + <li>compared with tithables of 1702, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>-<a href="#Page_58">58</a>;</li> + <li>compared with headrights, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>-<a href="#Page_99">99</a>;</li> + <li>contains names of few freedmen, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>-<a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Restoration Period, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>brings suffering to Virginia, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>; <a href="#Page_97">97</a>; <a href="#Page_104">104</a>; <a href="#Page_115">115</a>; <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Rich, Nathaniel, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>buys tobacco at 2s a pound, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Roberts, Robert, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>buys land, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Robertson, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>makes copy of rent roll of 1704, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Robins, Sampson, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>patents land, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Robinson, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Rolfe, Capt. John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>first to cure Virginia tobacco, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>; <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Rooking, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servants and slaves of, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Rowlston, Lionell, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servant, <i>Burgess</i> in 1629, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>;</li> + <li><i>Burgess</i> in 1632, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>;</li> + <li>landowner, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Russell, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Russia, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>tobacco trade to, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>-<a href="#Page_119">119</a>; <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_S" id="IX_S"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">S</span>amuel, Anthony, + <ul class="IX"> + <li> buys 300 acres, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Sandys, George, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>selects site for iron works, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li> + <li>describes failure of glass works in Virginia, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li> + <li>writes for servants, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li> + <li>gives wages of laborers, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Sandys, Sir Edwin, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>expects Virginia to duplicate England, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Savadge, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Scotchmon, Robert, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servant, <i>Burgess</i> in 1632, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Scott, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 57 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Scruely, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>patents land, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span></li> + </ul></li> +<li>Servants, + <ul class="IX"> + <li><i>London Company</i> sends to Virginia, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>;</li> + <li>Indian children as, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li> + <li>system of indentures for, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>;</li> + <li>not criminals, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>;</li> + <li>political prisoners among, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> + <li>Irish among, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> + <li><i>Oliverian</i> soldiers among, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> + <li>they plot against <i>Government</i>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> + <li>Scotchmen among, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> + <li><i>Sedgemour</i> prisoners among, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> + <li>chiefly Englishmen, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>;</li> + <li>list of preserved, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>;</li> + <li>headrights from, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>influx of, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>;</li> + <li>four or five years of service for, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>;</li> + <li>become part of Virginia social fabric, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>;</li> + <li>hardship and perils encountered by, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>;</li> + <li>80 per cent. become freedmen, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li> + <li>prior to 1660 remained in Virginia, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li> + <li>length of service for, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li> + <li>usually young when freed, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> + <li>estimated at 6,000 in 1671, <a href="#Page_41">41</a>;</li> + <li>"seasoned," <a href="#Page_42">42</a>;</li> + <li>become small part of population, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>;</li> + <li>merchants bring to complete cargoes, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>;</li> + <li>individual orders for, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>;</li> + <li>in immigrant ships, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>;</li> + <li>dealers in, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>;</li> + <li>numbers in 1704, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</li> + <li>listed as tithables, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</li> + <li>distribution of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>-<a href="#Page_59">59</a>;</li> + <li>not slaves, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li> + <li>like English apprentices, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>;</li> + <li>outfit of on expiration of term, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li> + <li>not entitled to land, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>;</li> + <li>hope to become landowners, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>-<a href="#Page_62">62</a>;</li> + <li>Virginia land of opportunity for, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>;</li> + <li>freedmen often purchase, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>;</li> + <li>of early period become prosperous, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>-<a href="#Page_80">80</a>;</li> + <li>list of, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>;</li> + <li>proportion of among immigrants, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>-<a href="#Page_82">82</a>;</li> + <li>little hope for advancement of after 1660, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>-<a href="#Page_100">100</a>;</li> + <li>importation of in Restoration period, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>-<a href="#Page_99">99</a>;</li> + <li>inventories which show none, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>-<a href="#Page_107">107</a>;</li> + <li>many freed to fight in <i>Bacon's Rebellion</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>;</li> + <li>few become landowners at end of 17th century, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>-<a href="#Page_113">113</a>;</li> + <li>usefulness of as compared with slaves, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li> + <li>price of, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>;</li> + <li>not always docile, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>;</li> + <li>slave labor curtails importation of, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>;</li> + <li>England opposes migration of, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>;</li> + <li>vast numbers imported, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Seymour, Attorney-General, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>tells Virginians to make tobacco, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Sheep, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>scarce in Virginia, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Sheriff, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>collects quit rents, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>;</li> + <li>draws up rent roll, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>;</li> + <li>unearths false returns, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>-<a href="#Page_55">55</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Sherwood, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>calls <i>Bacon's</i> men rabble, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Shipbuilding, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>materials for needed in England, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>lack of injures merchant marine, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>;</li> + <li>materials for found in Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>;</li> + <li><i>Capt. Smith</i> explains why Virginia cannot produce materials for, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Shurley, Daniel, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Sickness, The Virginia, + <ul class="IX"> + <li><i>Capt. Blewit</i> dies of, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>;</li> + <li>glass workers die of, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>;</li> + <li>servants die of, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>;</li> + <li>described, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>;</li> + <li>terrible mortality from, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>;</li> + <li>abates before end of 17th century, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li> + <li>not fatal to slaves, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Silk, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>from South Europe, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li> + <li>in Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Slaughter, John, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.</li> +<li>Slave trade, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>in hands of Dutch, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;</li> + <li>restrictions on, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Slaves, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>adequate for tobacco raising, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> + <li>first cargo of in Virginia, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li> + <li>few in Virginia prior to 1680, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>;</li> + <li>influx of, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>;</li> + <li>numbers in 1704, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</li> + <li>listed as tithables, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</li> + <li>distribution of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>-<a href="#Page_59">59</a>;</li> + <li>inventories show that many planters had none, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>-<a href="#Page_107">107</a>;</li> + <li>used by wealthy men in 17th century, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>;</li> + <li>first cargo of, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li> + <li>few prior to 1680, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>;</li> + <li>importations of, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>-<a href="#Page_125">125</a>;</li> + <li>Dutch control trade in, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>-<a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li> + <li>fitness of for tobacco culture, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>;</li> + <li>price of, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>;</li> + <li>labor of crude, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>-<a href="#Page_128">128</a>;</li> + <li>health of good, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>;</li> + <li>docile, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>;</li> + <li>plots among, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>-<a href="#Page_129">129</a>;</li> + <li>no wrong seen in, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>;</li> + <li>duty on importation of, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>;</li> + <li>large importations of, 1680-1708, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>-<a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li> + <li>6,000 by 1700, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>;</li> + <li>12,000 in 1708, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>;</li> + <li>30,000 in 1730, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li> + <li>use of cheapens tobacco, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>;</li> + <li>use of curtails importation of servants, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>;</li> + <li>England favors use of in Virginia, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>-<a href="#Page_136">136</a>;</li> + <li>pernicious effect of in ancient Rome, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>-<a href="#Page_139">139</a>;</li> + <li>effect of on Virginia yeomanry, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>-<a href="#Page_155">155</a>;</li> + <li>causes migration of whites, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>-<a href="#Page_146">146</a>;</li> + <li>at first produce only lower grades of tobacco, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li> + <li>become more efficient, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li> + <li>contempt of for poor whites, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>;</li> + <li>small holders of, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>-<a href="#Page_159">159</a>;</li> + <li>cast stigma on labor, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>;</li> + <li>large holders of increase in numbers, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>-<a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Smelting, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>wood needed for, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>in Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>;</li> + <li>machinery for sent to Virginia, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>;</li> + <li>begun at <i>Falling Creek</i>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Smith, Capt. John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes Baltic trade, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>explains difficulty of building up manufacturers in Virginia, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Smither, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>buys 200 acres, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Smyth, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes poor whites of Virginia, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Spain, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>commerce with, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>;</li> + <li>growing domains of, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco of used in England, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco of excluded from England, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>tobacco trade to, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>;</li> + <li>trade to injured by war, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Spanish Succession, War of, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>; <a href="#Page_115">115</a>; <a href="#Page_119">119</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>cuts off tobacco trade to France and Spain, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>; <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Sparshott, Edward, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Smith, Lawrence, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>sued for arrears of quit rents, <a href="#Page_143">143</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Sparkes, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Spencer, Capt. Robt., + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servants and slaves of, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span></li> + </ul></li> +<li>Spencer, Secretary, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>writes of reviving tobacco trade, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>;</li> + <li>says slaves cheaper labor than whites, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Splitimber, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>his cattle, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>;</li> + <li>inventory of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>-<a href="#Page_107">107</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Spotsylvania, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>large grants in, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>;</li> + <li>poor whites in, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>;</li> + <li>small slave holders of, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>-<a href="#Page_154">154</a>;</li> + <li>land transfers in, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>;</li> + <li>large slave holders in, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>; <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Spotswood, Alexander, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>says slaves cause over production of tobacco, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>; <a href="#Page_151">151</a>;</li> + <li>has 60 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Storey, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>imports negroes, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Stuarts, second despotism of, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>affects Virginia, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Stublefield, George, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 42 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Surry, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>land transfers in, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>tithables in, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>;</li> + <li>inventories and wills in, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>;</li> + <li>negroes plot in, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Sweden, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>tobacco trade to, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>-<a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Symonds, Roger, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>granted 100 acres, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_T" id="IX_T"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">T</span>aliaferro, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 43 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Tenants, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>few in Virginia, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Thoroughgood, Adam, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servant, <i>Burgess</i> in 1629, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>;</li> + <li><i>Burgess</i> in 1632, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>;</li> + <li>landowner, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>;</li> + <li>brother of <i>Sir John Thoroughgood</i>, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Tithables, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>those listed as, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>;</li> + <li>in Surry, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>-<a href="#Page_57">57</a>;</li> + <li>number of in various counties, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Tobacco, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>history of Virginia built on, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>;</li> + <li>Indians revere, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</li> + <li>first cured in Virginia by Rolfe, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</li> + <li>Virginia suited for, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</li> + <li>ready market for, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</li> + <li>extensively used in England, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>;</li> + <li>used by James I, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> + <li>Virginians turn eagerly to culture of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> + <li>send first cargo of to England, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> + <li>London Company displeased at culture of, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>;</li> + <li>England reconciled to, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li> + <li>Virginia's only hope, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>;</li> + <li>Crown tries to divert Virginia from, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li> + <li>cultivation in Virginia universal, <a href="#Page_27">27</a>;</li> + <li>shapes immigration, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> + <li>requires unskilled labor, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>;</li> + <li>prosperity of freedmen hinges on, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>;</li> + <li>amount of one man could produce, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>-<a href="#Page_64">64</a>;</li> + <li>over production of in 1640, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>;</li> + <li>price of prior to 1660, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>-<a href="#Page_67">67</a>;</li> + <li>account for migration of 1618-1623, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>;</li> + <li>rich returns from, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>;</li> + <li>restrictions on trade of, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>-<a href="#Page_69">69</a>;</li> + <li>growing of in England prohibited, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>;</li> + <li>tax on, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>;</li> + <li>illegal foreign trade in, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>-<a href="#Page_69">69</a>;</li> + <li>reëxported from England, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>;</li> + <li>Virginia underbids world in, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>;</li> + <li>returns from, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>-<a href="#Page_72">72</a>;</li> + <li>freight on high, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>;</li> + <li>effect of Navigation Acts on, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>-<a href="#Page_96">96</a>;</li> + <li>foreign trade in prohibited, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>;</li> + <li>requires world market, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>;</li> + <li>planting in England prohibited, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>exports of to Spain, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>reëxported, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>;</li> + <li>planted in Holland, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>;</li> + <li>glut in England causes price of to drop, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>-<a href="#Page_91">91</a>;</li> + <li>exhausts soil, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li> + <li>Charles I makes offer for, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>;</li> + <li>trade of revives, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>-<a href="#Page_116">116</a>;</li> + <li>production of increases, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>-<a href="#Page_116">116</a>;</li> + <li>returns from, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>;</li> + <li>reëxports of, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>-<a href="#Page_120">120</a>;</li> + <li>production of abroad, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>;</li> + <li>duty on yields crown large revenue, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>;</li> + <li>price of still low at end of 17th century, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li> + <li>slaves adequate to its cultivation, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>-<a href="#Page_128">128</a>;</li> + <li>wars interfere with trade in, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>;</li> + <li>slaves cheapen production of, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>;</li> + <li>poor whites produce the best, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>-<a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li> + <li>foreign trade in ruined by war, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>-<a href="#Page_150">150</a>;</li> + <li>advantages of large plantations for, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>-<a href="#Page_157">157</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Towns, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>few in Virginia, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Townsend, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>Burgess in 1629, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Trussell, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Turnbull, Robert, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 81 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_U" id="IX_U"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">U</span>nderwood, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>patents land in <i>James City</i>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Upton, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_V" id="IX_V"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">V</span>egetables, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>abundant in Virginia, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li><i>Virginia's Cure</i>, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>says Burgesses mostly freedmen, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li><i>Virginia Unmasked</i>, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>describes Virginia houses, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li><i>Virginia Magazine of History and Biography</i>, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>shows that many freedmen migrated to Virginia, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li><i>Virginia Richly Valued</i>, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>advises emigrants as to outfit, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_W" id="IX_W"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">W</span>ages, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>high in Virginia, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>; <a href="#Page_29">29</a>; <a href="#Page_30">30</a>;</li> + <li>low in England, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Wage earners, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>few in Virginia, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>;</li> + <li>mostly recently freed servants, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Walker, Robert, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 52 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Warburton, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>patents land in James City, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Warden, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowner, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Warwick, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>average plantation of, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>; <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Washington, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>deals in servants, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Watson, John, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Weaver, Samuel, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span></li> + </ul></li> +<li>Webster, Roger, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>servant, <i>Burgess</i> in 1632, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Whitlock, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>will of, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>-<a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Williamsburg, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>; <a href="#Page_54">54</a>.</li> +<li>Williams, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>buys 200 acres, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Wills, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>throw light on distribution of servants and slaves, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>; <a href="#Page_73">73</a>;</li> + <li>headrights mentioned in, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Wine, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>prospect for in Virginia, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Woolens, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>need of potash for, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>;</li> + <li>French duty on, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Woolritch, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>landowning freedman, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Wormsley, Ralph, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>letter to from <i>Fitzhugh</i>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Wray, Thomas, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>granted 50 acres, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + + +<ul class="IX"> +<li><a name="IX_Y" id="IX_Y"></a><span style="font-size: 200%;">Y</span>ates, William, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>has 55 slaves, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Yeomanry, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>largest class in Virginia, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>;</li> + <li>freedmen in, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>-<a href="#Page_82">82</a>; <a href="#Page_85">85</a>;</li> + <li>desperately poor, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>-<a href="#Page_91">91</a>;</li> + <li>driven to revolt by poverty, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>-<a href="#Page_93">93</a>;</li> + <li>no advancement for after 1660, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>-<a href="#Page_100">100</a>;</li> + <li>enjoy plentiful food, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>-<a href="#Page_103">103</a>;</li> + <li>often suffer for proper clothing, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>-<a href="#Page_105">105</a>;</li> + <li><i>Burgesses</i> represented interests of, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>;</li> + <li>aid in ejecting Harvey, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>;</li> + <li>many favor <i>Parliament in Civil War</i>, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>-<a href="#Page_111">111</a>;</li> + <li>in control from 1652 to 1660, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>;</li> + <li>chief sufferers from <i>Navigation Acts</i>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>;</li> + <li>support Bacon in rebellion, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>;</li> + <li>struggle for political rights, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>;</li> + <li>few recruits to at end of 17th century, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>;</li> + <li>condition of at end of 17th century, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>;</li> + <li>effect of slavery on in ancient Rome, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>-<a href="#Page_139">139</a>;</li> + <li>migration of from Virginia <a href="#Page_139">139</a>-<a href="#Page_146">146</a>;</li> + <li>produce higher grades of tobacco, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>-<a href="#Page_147">147</a>;</li> + <li>misery of in 1713, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>;</li> + <li>many sink into poverty, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>-<a href="#Page_154">154</a>;</li> + <li>many become slave holders, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>-<a href="#Page_159">159</a>;</li> + <li>slaves make less industrious, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>; <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Yeardley, Sir George, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>; + <ul class="IX"> + <li>instructed to enforce free exchange of goods, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>York, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>land transfers in, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>;</li> + <li>plantations of small, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>;</li> + <li>farms and tithables of, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>;</li> + <li>servants and slaves in, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>;</li> + <li>landowners of who had been headrights, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>; <a href="#Page_79">79</a>; <a href="#Page_107">107</a>; <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +<li>Young, Richard, + <ul class="IX"> + <li>granted 100 acres, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</li> + </ul></li> +</ul> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h4>Transcriber's Notes:</h4> + +<p class="secn">Punctuation corrections:</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 3 - added closing quotes (not even beggars;")</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 142 - added quotes ("It should be inquired into," he said, "how it comes to pass ...)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 151 - added period (for themselves only. Making)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 152 - added opening quote ("illiberal, noisy and rude,")</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 172 - Footnote [5-29], added closing quote (to the Government.")</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 251 - added comma after "George" (Archer, George,)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 252 - changed "." to ";" (Carolina ... 99-100; 139-146.)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 254 - added comma after "Benjamin" (Harrison, Benjamin,)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 254 - added comma in Freedmen (what became of, 43;)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 257 - changed comma to semi-colon (Plantations ... listed in rent roll of 1704-5, 53;)</p> + + +<p class="secn">Spelling Corrections:</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 87 - "exlusive" to "exclusive" (1) (secured exclusive privileges)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 88 - "nigher" to "higher" (profit higher at home?)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 124 - "butt wenty" to "but twenty" (there were but twenty)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 125 - "chieftians" to "chieftains" (the native chieftains)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 156 - "Birtish" to "British" (upon British imports)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 162 - added Chapter Title "Notes to Chapters" as shown in the Contents.</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 176 - "Britain" to "British" (in Footnote [7-23] ... British Public Record Office)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 191 - "ped" to "per" (per Robert Rivers)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 208 - "Sgeriff" to "Sheriff" (Henry Royall Sheriff)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 215 - "Shreiff" to "Sheriff" (the Sheriff is to be allowed)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 215 - added "A" at head of alphabetical list of names.</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 223 - "Sherif" to "Sheriff" (Tho Parker Sheriff)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 245 - added "D" at head of alphabetical listing of names.</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 252 - "Spotsvylvania" to "Spotsylvania" (Chew, Larkin ... dealer in <i>Spotsylvania</i>)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 255 - "gratned" to "granted" (Land, ... large tracts granted,)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 257 - "Eir" to "Sir" (Sandys, Sir Edwin,)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 258 - "centry" to "century" (Sickness ... abates before end of 17th century,)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 259 - "Thorouhggood" to "Thoroughgood" (Thoroughgood, Adam, ... brother of <i>Sir John Thoroughgood</i>,)</p> + + +<p class="secn">Footnote and Anchor Corrections/Notations:</p> + +<p class="note">Footnotes and their anchors have been renumbered to include the chapter number, thus the Chapter 3 +Footnote #5 becomes [3-5] in this e-text.</p> + +<p class="note">Footnotes without anchor points are not hyper-linked.</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 19 - A second anchor to Footnote [1-18] has been corrected to anchor Footnote [1-19].</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 87 - Chapter 5, Footnote anchors skip from [5-2] to [5-7], and again from [5-33] to [5-35]. +No anchor points for Footnotes 3 through 6 or 34 appear in the original text though the footnotes are included +in the "Notes to Chapters" beginning on pg. 162. Also;</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 115 - Chapter 7, Footnotes skip from [7-2] to [7-4]. No reference point for Footnote 3.</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 163 - Footnote [2-19], no page number was given. (p.--.)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 179 - Footnote [8-54], in reference to Philip Fithian, Journal and letters, p. 130 appears twice in original text and has been retained.</p> + + +<p class="secn">Appendix - Information contained in the Rent Rolls appears to have been set out verbatim for each VA county or Parish. +Inconsistencies appearing in the original text, which have been retained include:</p> + +<p class="blockquot">a. Inconsistent punctuation of abbreviations;<br /> +b. Inconsistent representation of abbreviations;<br /> +c. Missing end of line punctuation;<br /> +d. Inconsistent alphabetization of proper names;<br /> +e. Inconsistent spelling of proper names;<br /> +f. Inconsistent mathmatical calculations;<br /></p> + + +<p class="secn">Other notes and corrections:</p> + +<p class="note">Printer or Author regularly used "country" in place of what are VA. counties.</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 251 - Index listing for Ball, William, no page reference given. However this +name is referenced on <a href="#Page_153">page 153</a>.</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 253 - "558" to "58" (Index listing for Essex, ... farms and tithables of, 58.)</p> + +<p class="note">Pg. 258 - Index listing for Smelting ... begun at <i>Falling Creek</i>. No page reference given. +However reference to both Smelting and Falling Creek appear on <a href="#Page_18">page 18</a>.</p> + + +<p class="secn">Word variations:</p> + +<p class="note">"<i>Perfect Discription</i>" and "<i>Perfect Description</i>"</p> + +<p class="note">"pre-eminence" and "preëminently"</p> + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Planters of Colonial Virginia, by +Thomas J. 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