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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 228, March 11, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 228, March 11, 1854
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: May 24, 2010 [EBook #32506]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAR 11, 1854 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian
+Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{213}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 228.]
+SATURDAY, MARCH 11. 1854.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                              Page
+
+  Where are the Wills to be deposited?                         215
+
+  NOTES:--
+
+  "J. R. of Cork"                                              217
+
+  Marmortinto, or Sand-painting                                217
+
+  The Soldier's Discipline, from a Broadside
+  of the Year 1642                                             218
+
+  Leading Articles of Foreign Newspapers                       218
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Materials for a History of Druidism--Domestic
+  Chapels--Ordinary--Thom's Irish Almanac and Official
+  Directory for 1854--Antiquity of the Word "Snub"--Charles
+  I. at Little Woolford--Coincidence between Sir Thomas
+  Browne and Bishop Ken--The English School of Painting--"A
+  Feather in your Cap"                                         219
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Domestic Architecture: Licences to
+  Crenellate, by J. H. Parker                                  220
+
+  Dixon of Beeston, by R. W. Dixon, J.P.                       221
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Atherstone Family--Classic Authors and the
+  Jews--Bishop Hooper's Argument on the Vestment Controversy
+  --The Title of "Dominus"--The De Rous Family--Where was
+  the Fee of S. Sanxon?--Russian Emperors--Episcopal Insignia
+  of the Eastern Church--Amontillado Sherry--Col. Michael
+  Smith's Family--Pronunciation of Foreign Names--Artesian
+  Wells--Norman Towers in London--Papyrus--Mathew, a Cornish
+  Family                                                       221
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Bunyan's Descendants--Epigram
+  on Dennis--Football played on Shrove Tuesday--Vossioner,
+  its Meaning--The Game of Chess--A Juniper Letter             223
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Clarence                                                     224
+
+  Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes                                 225
+
+  Three Fleurs-de-Lys                                          225
+
+  Books burned by the Common Hangman, by C. H. Cooper, &c.     226
+
+  Different Productions of different Carcases                  227
+
+  Vandyke in America, by J. Balch                              228
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Cyanide of Potassium--Mode
+  of exciting Calotype Paper--The Double Iodide Solution:
+  Purity of Photographic Chemicals--Hyposulphite of Soda
+  Baths                                                        230
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Daughters taking their Mothers'
+  Names--The Young Pretender--A Legend of the Hive--Hoby
+  Family--Anticipatory Use of the Cross--Longevity--"Nugget"
+  --The fifth Lord Byron--Wapple, or Whapple-way--The
+  Ducking-stool--Double Christian Names--Pedigree to the
+  Time of Alfred--Palace of Lucifer--Monaldeschi--Anna
+  Lightfoot--Lode, &c.                                         230
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                          234
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 234
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                                    235
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses
+of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.
+
+Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ECLECTIC REVIEW for MARCH, price 1s. 6d., contains:
+
+  1. D'Israeli.--A Literary and Political Biography.
+  2. The Theory of Food.
+  3. The Autobiography of a Dissenting Minister.
+  4. Lord Holland's History of the Whig Party.
+  5. Sanitary Farming.
+  6. St. John's Search of Beauty.
+  7. Christianity, and its Modern Assailants.
+  8. The Caucasus, and the Country between the Euxine and the Caspian.
+      Review of the Month, &c.
+
+THE HOMILIST for MARCH, price 1s., contains:
+
+  1. The Master Impulse of True Progress.
+  2. Hinderance to Prayer. By Rev. David Cook, Dundee.
+  3. The Terrible Hypothesis; or the Irrevocable Fate.
+  4. Saul; or, Humanity Consciously Deserted of God.
+  5. The Widow's Mite; or the Transcendent Worth of True Feeling.
+  6. The Burial of Christ; a Display of Three-fold Power.
+  7. Psalm 47,--the Moral Mirror of the Good.
+  8. The Genius of the Gospel.
+      Reviews, &c.
+
+WARD & CO., 27. Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Valuable LITURGICAL WORKS.
+
+LITURGIES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.--Liturgical Services, 1558-1601; being the
+Liturgies and occasional Forms of Prayer set forth in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth. Now first collected and edited, with Preface and Notes, by WM.
+KEATINGE CLAY, B.D., Canon of Ely. One handsome volume, 8vo., containing
+695 pp. beautifully printed at the Cambridge University Press. Cloth extra,
+price 5s.
+
+Also,
+
+PRIVATE PRAYERS put forth by Authority during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
+Including the Primer of 1559; the Orarium of 1560; the Preces Privatæ,
+1564; the Book of Christian Prayers of 1578; with an Appendix containing
+the Litany of 1544. Now first collected and edited, with Preface and Notes,
+by WM. KEATINGE CLAY, B.D., Canon of Ely. One handsome volume, 8vo.,
+containing 576 pp., beautifully printed at the Cambridge University Press.
+Cloth extra. Price 5s.
+
+London: WILLIAM BROWN, 130, 131, and 132. Old Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE for 1854. THE REVISED AND IMPROVED EDITION
+OF THE PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE for 1854.
+
+By SIR J. BERNARD BURKE, Ulster King of Arms,
+
+Is NOW READY AT ALL THE BOOKSELLERS.
+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO BOOK COLLECTORS.--MILLARD'S CATALOGUE of 10,000 vols. of Second-hand
+Books, Gratis: including Encyclopædia Britannica, 7th and last edition,
+cloth, 16 guineas; another half russia, gilt, 17 Guineas; another, 6th
+edition, calf, fine copy, 12 Guineas. Illustrated London News, complete to
+end of 1853, clean as new, cloth, 13l. 10s. Penny Cyclopædia and
+Supplement, 29 vols., half calf, 7l. 10s. Henry's Bible, by Bickersteth, 6
+vols. 4to., new half calf, 4l. 10s. Dr. Adam Clarke's Bible, 6 vols. cloth,
+new, 2l. 15s. D'Oyly's and Mant's Bible, 3 vols. 4to., new, half calf, 3l.;
+large paper, calf, 3l. 13s. 6d. Nash's Mansions of England, 4 vols. fol.,
+new, half morocco, 8 Guineas. Abbotsford Waverley Novels, 12 vols., new,
+half calf, extra, 9 Guineas. Magistrate's Edition of Statutes, 1835 to
+1852, 18 vols. 4to., half law calf, 6 Guineas. Tegg's London Encyclopædia,
+45 vols., uncut, 4l. 10s. Taylor's Edition of Plato's Works, 5 vols. 4to.,
+half morocco, 5 Guineas.--Libraries purchased.
+
+70. NEWGATE STREET, LONDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+A CATALOGUE OF A COLLECTION OF ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS, comprising
+History, Biography, Fine Arts, Chess, Poetry, Drama, Voyages, and Travels,
+including a Collection of Works relating to America. Offered for Sale at
+the exceedingly low prices for Cash only, by CHARLES SKEET, 10. King
+William Street, Charing Cross.
+
+To be had Gratis on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHOICE AND VALUABLE BOOKS.
+
+MESSRS. UPHAM & BEET (late RODWELL) having recently made great addition to
+their EXTENSIVE STOCK OF BOOKS in all Languages, beg respectfully to invite
+an inspection of them. CATALOGUES are NOW ready, and will be sent by Post
+on receipt of Two Stamps.
+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ONLY A FEW COPIES REMAINING!
+
+Of the FORMER SERIES of the
+
+JOURNAL OF SACRED LITERATURE. Edited by JOHN KITTO, D.D., F.S.A. In 7 vols.
+8vo., cloth, lettered, comprising some hundreds of original criticisms and
+papers, and Notes and Queries bearing on biblical subjects. Offered till
+the 30th of April, unless all sold previously, for 2l. 2s.
+
+BLACKADER & CO., 13. Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{214}
+
+HISTORICAL WORKS PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS.
+
+THE HISTORY OF EUROPE from 1815 to 1852. By SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON, BART.
+
+To be completed in Five Volumes 8vo., price 15s. each.
+
+          CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.
+
+  Chap. 1. General Sketch of the whole Period.
+
+        2. History of England: 1815-16.
+
+        3. History of France from the Second Restoration of Louis XVIII. to
+            the Ordinance of Sept. 1816.
+
+        4. Domestic History of England: 1817-19.
+
+        5. Progress of Literature, Science, the Arts, &c., after the War.
+
+        6. France from the Coup d'Etat of Sept. 1816 to the Creation of
+            Peers in 1819.
+
+        CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.
+
+  Chap. 7. Spain and Italy: 1814-20.
+
+        8. Russia and Poland 1815-25.
+
+        9. Royalist Reaction in France: 1819-21.
+
+        10. Domestic History of England: 1819-22.
+
+        11. England, France, and Spain, from the Accession of Villèle in
+            1819 to the Congress of Verona in 1822.
+
+        12. Congress of Verona--French Invasion of Spain--Death of Louis
+            XVIII.
+
+(Volume III. will be published in the Spring.)
+
+ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE during the FRENCH REVOLUTION. Library Edition,
+in Fourteen Volumes 8vo., with Portraits, price 10l. 10s.
+
+The SAME WORK in Twenty Volumes post 8vo., price 6l.
+
+PEOPLE'S EDITION of the Same Work now publishing, to be completed in Twelve
+Volumes, price 4s. each.
+
+The ATLAS of 105 Coloured Maps and Plans of Countries, Battles, Sieges, and
+Sea Fights, with a Vocabulary of Military and Marine Terms, to illustrate
+"Alison's Europe." By A. KEITH JOHNSTONE, F.R.S.E. In demy 4to., price 3l.
+3s.; in crown 4to., price 2l. 12s. 6d.
+
+Also, a PEOPLE'S EDITION, now publishing, in Half-a-Crown Parts.
+
+THE EPITOME of ALISON'S EUROPE: for the Use of Schools. Post. 8vo., price,
+7s. 6d. bound.
+
+GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: a Historical View of the Greek Nation, from the
+Time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman
+Empire, B.C. 146, to A.D. 717. By GEORGE FINLAY, Esq. 8vo., 16s.
+
+By the same Author,
+
+HISTORY of the BYZANTINE EMPIRE from DCCXVI. to MLVII. 8vo., 12s. 6d.
+
+By the same Author,
+
+HISTORY OF GREECE, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest by
+the Turks, and of the Empire of Trebizond, 1204-1461. 8vo., 12s. 6d.
+
+By the Author of "Cyril Thornton."
+
+ANNALS OF THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGNS. By THOMAS HAMILTON, Esq. A New Edition,
+edited by F. Hardman, Esq. 8vo., 16s. Atlas of Maps to Illustrate the
+Campaigns, 12s.
+
+LIVES of the QUEENS of SCOTLAND, and ENGLISH PRINCESSES CONNECTED with the
+REGAL SUCCESSION of GREAT BRITAIN. By AGNES STRICKLAND. With Portraits and
+Historical Vignettes. In Six Vols. post 8vo., 10s. 6d. each. Four Volumes
+are published.
+
+45. George Street, Edinburgh; and 37. Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+A NEW HISTORICAL TALE
+
+Is Commenced in No. 10. of
+
+THE HOME COMPANION,
+
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+
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+
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+
+Published Weekly, price Three Halfpence, in a neat Wrapper: and may be had
+of all Booksellers in Town and Country, or of the Publishers,
+
+WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE HOME COMPANION for the present Week commences a NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE,
+with an Illustration: A VIEW AND DESCRIPTION OF SEBASTOPOL AND THE BLACK
+SEA; and other Articles of Interest. Price Three Halfpence.
+
+London: WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GUI DE ST. FLORE, an Historical Romance, is now publishing in "THE HOME
+COMPANION," an Illustrated Weekly Magazine. Price Three Halfpence.
+
+London: WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row.
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+ST. JOHN, Author of "Two Years' Residence in a Levantine Family," &c.
+
+A VISIT TO PORTUGAL AND MADEIRA. By the LADY EMMELINE STUART WORTLEY. Post
+8vo., cloth, 10s. 6d.
+
+THE LIFE OF JEROME CARDAN, of Milan, Physician. By HENRY MORLEY, Author of
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+
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+
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+193. Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day is published,
+
+HISTORY OF THE FRENCH PROTESTANT REFUGEES, FROM THE REVOCATION OF THE EDICT
+OF NANTES. By CHARLES WEISS, Professor of History in the Lycée Buonaparte.
+Translated, with the assistance of the Author, by FREDERICK HARDMAN. In
+demy octavo, price 14s., cloth.
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+original brass-bound binding, 1663. Complete. Price 32l.
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+[Greek: Pollai men thnêtois Glôttai, mia d' Athanatoisin]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{215}
+
+WHERE ARE THE WILLS TO BE DEPOSITED?
+
+The difficulties thrown in the way of all literary and historical
+inquiries, by the peculiar constitution of the Prerogative Office, Doctors'
+Commons, have long been a subject of just complaint. An attempt was made by
+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, in 1848, to procure their removal, by a Memorial
+addressed to the Archbishop of Canterbury, which we now print, because it
+sets forth, plainly and distinctly, the nature and extent of those
+difficulties.
+
+    "To the Most Rev. and the Right Hon. The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.
+
+    "The humble Memorial of the President and Council of the Camden
+    Society, respectfully showeth,
+
+    "That the Camden Society was instituted in the year 1838, for the
+    publication of early historical and literary remains.
+
+    "It has the honour to be patronised by H.R.H. the Prince Albert; and
+    has supported, from its institution, by the countenance and
+    subscription of your Grace's predecessor in the See of Canterbury.
+
+    "The Society has published forty volumes of works relating to English
+    History, and continues to be actively engaged in researches connected
+    with the same important branch of literature.
+
+    "In the course of its proceedings, the Society has had brought under
+    its notice the manner in which the regulations of the Prerogative
+    Office in Doctors' Commons interfere with the accuracy and completeness
+    of works in the preparation of which the Council is now engaged, and
+    with the pursuits and labours of all other historical inquirers; and
+    they beg leave respectfully to submit to your Grace the results of
+    certain investigations which they have made upon the subject.
+
+    "Besides the original wills deposited in the Office of the Prerogative
+    Court, there is kept in the same repository a long series of register
+    books, containing copies of wills entered chronologically from A.D.
+    1383 to the present time. These registers or books of entry fall
+    practically into two different divisions or classes. The earlier and
+    the latter books contain information suited to the wants of totally
+    different kinds of persons, and applicable to entirely different
+    purposes. Their custody is also of very different importance to the
+    office. The class which is first both in number of books and in
+    importance contains entries of modern wills. These are daily consulted
+    by relatives of testators, by claimants and solicitors, principally for
+    legal purposes, and yield a large revenue to the office in fees paid
+    for searches, inspections, and copies. The second class, which
+    comprises a comparatively small number of volumes, contains entries of
+    ancient wills, dated before the period during which wills are now
+    useful for legal purposes. These are never consulted by lawyers or
+    claimants, nor do they yield any revenue to the office, save an
+    occasional small receipt from the Camden Society, or from some similar
+    body, or private literary inquirer.
+
+    "With respect to the original wills, and the entries of modern wills,
+    your memorialists beg to express clearly that this application is not
+    designed to have any reference to them. Your memorialists confine their
+    remarks exclusively to the books of entries of those ancient wills
+    which have long and unquestionably ceased to be useful for legal
+    purposes.
+
+    "These entries of ancient wills are of the very highest importance to
+    historical inquirers. They abound with illustrations of manners and
+    customs; they exhibit in the most authentic way the state of religion,
+    the condition of the various classes of the people, and of society in
+    general; they are invaluable to the lexicographer, the genealogist, the
+    topographer, the biographer,--to historical writers of every order and
+    kind. They constitute the most important depository in existence of
+    exact information relating to events and persons of the period to which
+    they relate.
+
+    "But all this information is unavailable in consequence of the
+    regulations of the office in which the wills are kept. All the books of
+    entry, both of ancient and modern wills, are kept together, and can
+    only be consulted in the same department of the same office, in the
+    same manner and subject to precisely the same restrictions and the same
+    payments. No distinction is made between the fees to be paid by a
+    literary person who wishes to make a few notes from wills, perhaps
+    three or four hundred years old, in order to rectify a fact, a name, a
+    date, or to establish the proper place of a descent in a pedigree, or
+    the exact meaning of a doubtful word, and the fees to be paid by the
+    person who wants a copy of a will proved yesterday as evidence of a
+    right to property perhaps to be established in a court of justice. No
+    extract is allowed to be made, not even of a word or a date, except the
+    names of the executors and the date of the will. Printed statements in
+    historical books, which refer to wills, may not be compared with the
+    wills as entered; even ancient copies of wills handed down for many
+    generations in the families of the testators, may not be examined in
+    the registered wills without paying the office for making new and
+    entire copies.
+
+    "No such restrictions exclude literary inquirers from the British
+    Museum, where there are papers equally valuable. The Public Record
+    Offices are all open, either gratuitously or upon payment of easy fees.
+    The Secretary of State for the Home Department grants permission of
+    access to her Majesty's State Paper Office. Your Grace's predecessor
+    gave the Camden Society free access to the registers of wills at
+    Lambeth--documents exactly similar to those at Doctors' Commons. The
+    Prerogative Office is, probably, the only public office in the kingdom
+    which is shut against literary inquirers.
+
+    "The results of such regulations are obvious. The ancient wills at
+    Doctors' Commons not being accessible to those to whom alone they are
+    useful, yield scarcely any fees to the office; historical inquirers are
+    discouraged; errors remain uncorrected; statements of facts in
+    historical works are obliged to be left uncertain and incomplete; the
+    researches of the Camden Society and other similar societies are
+    thwarted; and all historical inquirers regard the condition of the
+    Prerogative Office as a great literary grievance.
+
+    {216}
+
+    "The President and Council of the Camden Society respectfully submit
+    these circumstances to your Grace with a full persuasion that nothing
+    which relates to the welfare of English historical literature can be
+    uninteresting either to your Grace personally, or to the Church over
+    which you preside; and they humbly pray your Grace that such changes
+    may be made in the regulations of the Prerogative Office as may
+    assimilate its practice to that of the Public Record Office, so far as
+    regards the inspection of the books of entry of ancient wills, or that
+    such other remedy may be applied to the inconveniences now stated as to
+    your Grace may seem fit.
+
+      "(Signed)  BRAYBROOKE, President.
+      THOMAS AMYOT, Director.
+      HENRY ELLIS.
+      J. PAYNE COLLIER, Treas.
+      HARRY VERNEY.
+      H. H. MILMAN.
+      JOSEPH HUNTER.
+      WILLIAM J. THOMS, Sec.
+      CHS. PURTON COOPER.
+      THOS. STAPLETON.
+      WM. DURRANT COOPER.
+      PETER LEVESQUE.
+      THOS. J. PETTIGREW.
+      JOHN BRUCE.
+      BERIAH BOTFIELD.
+      BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+      _25. Parliament Street, Westminster,_
+      _13 April, 1848._"
+
+As the Archbishop stated his inability to afford any relief, THE CAMDEN
+SOCIETY availed themselves of the appointment of the Commission to inquire
+into the Law and Jurisdiction of the Ecclesiastical and other Courts in
+relation to Matters Testamentary, to address to those Commissioners, in the
+month of January, 1853, a Memorial, of which the following is a copy:
+
+    "To the Right Honourable and Honourable the Commissioners appointed by
+    Her Majesty to inquire into the Law and Jurisdiction of the
+    Ecclesiastical and other Courts in relation to Matters Testamentary.
+
+    "My Lords and Gentlemen,
+
+    "We, the undersigned, being the President and Council of the Camden
+    Society, for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary Remains,
+    beg to submit to your consideration a copy of a Memorial presented on
+    the 13th April, 1848, by the President and then Council of this
+    Society, to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, praying that such
+    changes might be made in the regulations of the Prerogative Office as
+    might assimilate its practice to that of the Public Record Office, so
+    far as regards the inspection of the books of entry of ancient Wills,
+    or that such other remedy might be applied to the inconveniences stated
+    in that Memorial as to his Grace might seem fit.
+
+    "In reply to that Memorial his Grace was pleased to inform the
+    Memorialists that he had no control whatever over the fees taken in the
+    Prerogative Office.
+
+    "The Memorialists had not adopted the course of applying to his Grace
+    the Archbishop until they had in vain endeavoured to obtain from the
+    authorities of the Prerogative Office, Messrs. Dyneley, Iggulden, and
+    Gostling, some modification of their rules in favour of literary
+    inquirers. The answer of his Grace the Archbishop left them, therefore
+    without present remedy.
+
+    "The grievance complained of continues entirely unaltered up to the
+    present time.
+
+    "In all other public repositories to which in the course of our
+    inquiries we have had occasion to apply, we have found a general and
+    predominant feeling of the national importance of the cultivation of
+    literature, and especially of that branch of it which relates to the
+    past history of our own country. Every one seems heartily willing to
+    promote historical inquiries. The Public Record Offices are now opened
+    to persons engaged in literary pursuits by arrangements of the most
+    satisfactory and liberal character. His Grace the Archbishop of
+    Canterbury gives permission to literary men to search such of the early
+    registers of his See as are in his own possession at Lambeth. Access is
+    given to the registers of the Bishop of London; and throughout the
+    kingdom private persons having in their possession historical documents
+    are almost without exception not only willing but anxious to assist our
+    inquiries. The authorities of the Prerogative Office in Doctors'
+    Commons, perhaps, stand alone in their total want of sympathy with
+    literature, and in their exclusion of literary inquirers by stringent
+    rules, harshly, and in some instances even offensively, enforced.
+
+              "We have the honour to be,
+          "My Lords and Gentlemen,
+      "Your most obedient and very humble servants,
+
+      (Signed) BRAYBROOKE, President.
+      JOHN BRUCE, Director.
+      C. PURTON COOPER.
+      J. PAYNE COLLIER, Treas.
+      W. R. DRAKE.
+      EDWD. FOSS.
+      PETER LEVESQUE.
+      STRANGFORD.
+      W. H. BLAAUW.
+      W. DURRANT COOPER.
+      BOLTON CORNEY.
+      HENRY ELLIS.
+      LAMBERT B. LARKING.
+      FREDK. OUVRY.
+      WM. J. THOMS, Sec.
+
+      _25. Parliament Street, Westminster,_
+      _January, 1853._"
+
+A Report from that Commission has been laid before Parliament; and a Bill
+for carrying into effect the recommendations contained in such Report, and
+transferring the powers of the Prerogative Court to the Court of Chancery,
+has been introduced into the House of Lords. The Bill contains no specific
+enactments as to the custody of the Wills.
+
+Now, therefore, is the time for all who are interested in Historical Truth
+to use their best endeavours to procure the insertion of such clauses as
+shall place the Wills under the same custody as the other Judicial Records
+of the country, namely, that of Her Majesty's Keeper of Records.
+
+With Literature represented in the House of Lords by a Brougham and a
+Campbell, in the Commons by a Macaulay, a Bulwer, and a D'Israeli, let but
+the real state of the case be once made public, and we have no fear but
+that the interests of English Historical Literature will be cared for and
+maintained.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{217}
+
+Notes.
+
+"J. R. OF CORK."
+
+My gifted and lamented countryman "The Roscoe of Cork"[1] deserves more
+notice in these pages, which he has enriched by his contributions, than the
+handsome obituary of our Editor (Vol. vii., p. 394.); so a few words is
+with reference to him may be acceptable.
+
+MR. JAMES ROCHE was born in Limerick some eighty-three years ago, of an
+ancient and wealthy family. At an early period of his life he was sent to
+France, and educated in the Catholic College of Saintes. After completing
+his studies, and paying a short visit to Ireland, he settled in Bordeaux,
+where he became acquainted with the most distinguished leaders of the
+Girondists.
+
+MR. ROCHE was in Paris during the horrors of the first Revolution, and in
+1793 was arrested there as a British subject, but was released on the death
+of Robespierre. For some years after his liberation, he passed his time
+between Paris and Bordeaux. At the close of the last century, he returned
+to Ireland; and commenced business in Cork as a banker, in partnership with
+his brother. He resided in a handsome country seat near the river Lee, and
+there amassed a splendid library.
+
+About the year 1816, a relative of mine, a wealthy banker in the same city,
+got into difficulties, and met with the kindest assistance from MR. ROCHE.
+In 1819 his own troubles came on, and a monetary crisis ruined him as well
+as many others. All his property was sold, and his books were brought to
+the hammer, excepting a few with which his creditors presented him. I have
+often tried, but without success, to get a copy of the auction catalogue,
+which contained many curious lots,--amongst others, I am informed, Swift's
+own annotated copy of _Gulliver's Travels_, which MR. ROCHE purchased in
+Cork for a few pence, but which produced pounds at the sale. MR. ROCHE,
+after this, resided for some time in London as parliamentary agent. He also
+spent several years in Paris, and witnessed the revolution of 1830.
+Eventually he returned to Cork, where he performed the duties of a
+magistrate and director of the National Bank, until his death in the early
+part of 1853.
+
+MR. ROCHE was intimately acquainted with many of the great men and events
+of his time, especially with everything concerning modern French history
+and literature.
+
+MR. ROCHE was remarkable for accurate scholarship and extensive learning:
+the affability of his manners, and the earnestly-religious tone of his
+mind, enhanced his varied accomplishments.
+
+For a number of years he contributed largely to various periodicals, such
+as the _Gentleman's Magazine_, the _Dublin Review_, and the _Literary
+Gazette_; and the signature of "J. R. of Cork" was welcome to all, while it
+puzzled many.
+
+In 1851 he printed _for private circulation_, _Essays Critical and
+Miscellaneous_, by an Octogenarian, 2 vols.; printed by G. Nash, Cork. Some
+of these Essays are reprints, others are printed for the first time. The
+work was reviewed in the _Dublin Review_ for October, 1851.
+
+A "Sketch of J. R. of Cork" was published in July, 1848, in Duffy's _Irish
+Catholic Magazine_, which I have made use of in this Note. My object in the
+present Note is to suggest that MR. ROCHE'S Reminiscences and Essays should
+be given to the public, from whom I am well assured they would receive a
+hearty welcome.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+[Footnote 1: MR. ROCHE is thus happily designated by the Rev. Francis
+Mahony in _The Prout Papers_.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARMORTINTO, OR SAND-PAINTING.
+
+There appeared in a late number of _The Family Friend_, an article on the
+above process. The writer attributes its invention to Benjamin Zobel of
+Bavaria; and states, that although some few persons have attempted its
+revival, in no instance has success attended such efforts. This is not
+correct. There was a German confectioner to King George III. whom I knew
+well. His name was Haas; and those acquainted with Bristol will recollect
+his well-frequented shop, nearly opposite the drawbridge on the way to
+College Green, where he resided forty years ago, after retiring from his
+employment at Court. There he was often engaged in decorating ceilings,
+lying on his back for weeks together on a scaffold for the purpose. He also
+ornamented the plateaus for the royal table; and he understood the art of
+sand-painting, and practised it in the highest perfection. Whether he
+preceded Zobel, or came after him, at Windsor Castle, I cannot tell; but I
+can testify that he was perfect master of the art in question. I have seen
+him at work upon his sand-pictures. He had the marble dust of every
+gradation of colour in a large box, divided into small compartments; and he
+applied it to the picture by dropping it from small cones of paper.
+
+The article in _The Family Friend_ describes the process of Zobel to have
+consisted of a previous coating of the panel for the picture with a
+glutinous solution, over which the marble dust was strewed from a piece of
+cord. Haas used small cones of paper; and my impression from seeing him at
+work was, that he sprinkled the sand on the dry panel, and fixed the whole
+finally at once by some process which he kept a secret. For I remember how
+careful he was to prevent the window or door from being opened, so as to
+cause a draught, before he had fixed his picture; and I {218} have heard
+him lament the misfortune of having had one or two pictures blown away in
+this manner.
+
+The effect of his sand-pictures was extraordinary. They stood out in bold
+relief, and with a brilliancy far surpassing any oil painting. As may be
+supposed, this style of painting was particularly adapted for landscapes
+and rocky scenery; and it enabled the artist to finish foliage with a
+richness which nothing could surpass. Mr. Haas' collection of his
+sand-paintings was a rich treat to inspect. After his death, they were sold
+and dispersed; but many must be found in the collections of gentlemen in
+Bristol and its neighbourhood.
+
+F. C. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE SOLDIER'S DISCIPLINE, FROM A BROADSIDE OF THE YEAR 1642.
+
+    "_The Grounds of Military Discipline: or, Certain Brief Rules for the
+    Exercising of a Company or Squadron._
+
+          _Observed by all._
+
+  In march, in motion, troop or stand,
+  Observe both leader and right hand;
+  With silence note in what degree
+  You in the body placed be:
+  That so you may, without more trouble,
+  Know where to stand, and when to double.
+
+          _Distances._
+
+  True distance keep in files, in ranks
+  Open close to the front, reare, flanks,
+  Backward, forward, to the right, left, or either,
+  Backward and forward both together.
+  To the right, left, outward or in,
+  According to directions given.
+  To order, close, open, double,
+  Distance, distance, double, double:
+  For this alone prevents distraction,
+  And giveth lustre to the action.
+
+          _Facings._
+
+  Face to the right, or to the left, both wayes to the reare,
+  Inward, outward, and as you were:
+  To the front, reare, flanks, and peradventure
+  To every angle, and to the centre.
+
+          _Doublings._
+
+  To bring more hands in the front to fight,
+  Double ranks unto the right,
+  Or left, or both, if need require,
+  Direct divisionall or intire:
+  By doubling files accordingly,
+  Your flanks will strengthened be thereby.
+  Halfe files and bringers-up likewise
+  To the front may double, none denies;
+  Nor would it very strange appear
+  For th' front half files or double the reare:
+  The one half ranks to double the other,
+  Thereby to strengthen one the other.
+
+          _Countermarches._
+
+  But lest I should seen troublesome,
+  To countermarches next I come.
+  Which, though they many seem to be,
+  Are all included in these three:
+  Maintaining, gaining, losing ground,
+  And severall wayes to each is found:
+  By which their proper motion's guided,
+  In files, in ranks, in both divided.
+
+          _Wheeling._
+
+  Wheel your batten ere you fight,
+  For better advantage to the right,
+  Or left, or round about
+  To either angle, or where you doubt
+  Your enemie will first oppose you;
+  And therefore unto their Foot close you.
+  Divisionall wheeling I have seen
+  In sundrie places practis'd been,
+  To alter either form or figure,
+  By wheeling severall wayes together.
+  And, had I time to stand upon 't,
+  I'de wheele my wings into the front.
+  By wheeling flanks into the reare,
+  They'll soon reduce them as they were.
+  Besides, it seems a pretty thing
+  To wheel, front, and reare to either wing:
+  Wheele both wings to the reare and front;
+  Face to the reare, and having done 't,
+  Close your divisions; even your ranks,
+  Wheel front and reare into both flanks:
+  And thus much know, cause, note I'll smother,
+  To one wheeling doth reduce the other.
+
+          _Conversion and Inversion._
+
+  One thing more and I have done;
+  Let files rank by conversion:
+  To th' right, or th' left, to both, and then
+  Ranks by conversion fill again:
+  Troop for the colours, march, prepare for fight,
+  Behave yourselves like men, and so good night.
+
+The summe of all that hath been spoken may be comprised thus:
+
+  Open, close, face, double, countermarch, wheel, charge, retire;
+  Invert, convert, reduce, trope, march, make readie, fire."
+
+ANON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LEADING ARTICLES OF FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.
+
+The foreign correspondence of the English press is an invaluable feature of
+that mighty engine of civilisation and progress, for which the world cannot
+be too thankful; but as the agents in it at Paris, Berlin, Vienna, &c., are
+more or less imbued with the insular views and prejudices which they carry
+with them from England, Scotland, or Ireland, it were well if the daily
+journals devoted more attention than they do to the _leading articles_ of
+the Continental press, which is frequently distinguished by great ability
+and interest, and would {219} enable Englishmen, not versed in foreign
+languages, to judge, from another point of view, of Continental
+affairs--now becoming of surpassing interest and importance. Translations
+or abstracts of the leading articles of _The Times_, _Morning Chronicle_,
+_Morning Post_, &c., are constantly to be met with in the best foreign
+papers. Why should not our great London papers more frequently gratify
+their readers with articles from the pens of their Continental brotherhood?
+This would afford an opportunity also of correcting the false statements,
+or replying to the erroneous judgments put forth and circulated abroad by
+writers whose distinguished position enables them, unintentionally no
+doubt, to do the more mischief. A surprising change for the better,
+however, as respects Great Britain, is manifest in the tone and information
+of the foreign press of late years. Let us cherish this good feeling by a
+corresponding demeanour on our part.
+
+ALPHA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Materials for a History of Druidism.--_
+
+    "It would be a commendable, useful, and easy task to collect what the
+    ancients have left us on the subject of Druidism. Such a collection
+    would form a very small but interesting volume. It would supersede, in
+    every library, the idle and tedious dreams and conjectures of the
+    Stukeleys, the Borlases, the Rowlands, the Vallanceys, the Davies's,
+    the Jones's, and the Whitakers. Toland's work on the Druids, though far
+    from unexceptionable, has more solid intelligence than any other modern
+    composition of its kind. It is a pity that he or some other person has
+    not given as faithful translations of the Irish Christian MSS. which he
+    mentions, as these have, no doubt, preserved much respecting Druidical
+    manners and superstitions, of which many vestiges are still existing,
+    though not of the kind usually referred to."
+
+    "The Roman history of Britain can only be collected from the Roman
+    writers; and what they have left is very short indeed. It might be
+    disposed of in the way recommended for the History of the
+    Druids."--Douce's notes on Whitaker's _History of Manchester_, vol. i.
+    p. 136. of Corrections in Book i., ibid. p. 148.
+
+ANON.
+
+_Domestic Chapels._--There is an interesting example of a domestic chapel,
+with an upper chamber over it for the chaplain's residence, and a ground
+floor underneath it for some undiscoverable purpose, to be seen contiguous
+to an ancient farm-house at Ilsam, in the parish of St. Mary Church, in the
+county of Devon.
+
+The structure is quite ecclesiastical in its character, and appears to have
+been originally, as now, detached from the family house, or only connected
+with it by a short passage leading to the floor on which the chapel itself
+stood.
+
+JOHN JAMES.
+
+_Ordinary._--The following is a new meaning for the word _ordinary_:--"Do
+ye come in and see my poor man, for he is _piteous ordinary_ to-day." This
+speech was addressed to me by a poor woman who wished me to go and see her
+husband. He was ordinary enough, although she had adorned his head with a
+_red_ night-cap; but her meaning was evidently that he was far from well;
+and Johnson's _Dictionary_ does not give this signification to the word.
+
+A cottage child once told me that the dog opened his mouth "a power wide."
+
+[Old English W. N.]
+
+_Thom's Irish Almanac and Official Directory for 1854._--In the
+advertisement prefixed to this valuable compilation, which, according to
+the _Quarterly Review_, "contains more information about Ireland than has
+been collected in one volume in any country," we may find the following
+words:
+
+    "All parliamentary and official documents procurable, have been
+    collected; and their contents, so far as they bore on the state of the
+    country, carefully abstracted; and where any deficiencies have been
+    observable, the want has been supplied by applications to private
+    sources, which, in every instance, have been most satisfactorily
+    answered. He [Mr. Thom] is also indebted to similar applications to the
+    ruling authorities of the several religious persuasions _for the
+    undisputed accuracy of the ecclesiastical department of the Almanac_."
+
+I wish to call attention to the latter words; and in so doing, I assure
+you, I feel only a most anxious desire to see some farther improvements
+effected by Mr. Thom.
+
+I cannot allow "the undisputed accuracy of the ecclesiastical department,"
+inasmuch as I have detected, even on a cursory examination, very many
+inaccuracies which a little care would certainly have prevented. For
+example, in p. 451. (_Ecclesiastical Directory_, Established Church and
+Diocese of Dublin), there are at least five grave mistakes, and four in the
+following page. These pages I have taken at random. I could easily point
+out other pages equally inaccurate; but I have done enough I think to
+prove, that while I willingly accord to the enterprising publisher the full
+meed of praise he so well deserves, a little more attention should be paid
+in future to the preparation of the ecclesiastical department.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+_Antiquity of the Word "Snub."_--
+
+    "Beware we then euer of discontente, and _snubbe_ it betimes, least it
+    overthrowe us as it hath done manie."
+
+    "Such _snubs_ as these be little cloudes."--_Comfortable Notes on
+    Genesis_, by Gervase Babington, Bishop of Exeter, 1596.
+
+J. R. P.
+
+_Charles I. at Little Woolford._--There is an ancient house at Little
+Woolford (in the {220} southeast corner of Warwickshire) connected with
+which is a tradition that Charles I., after the battle of Edge Hill, which
+is not far distant, secreted himself in an oven there. This oven is
+preserved for the inspection of the curious.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_Coincidences between Sir Thomas Browne and Bishop Ken._--Sir Thomas Browne
+wrote his _Religio Medici_ in 1533-5; and in it suggested some familiar
+verses of the "Evening Hymn" of his brother Wykehamist Bishop Ken. The
+lines are as follows:
+
+      _Sir Thomas Browne._
+
+  "Guard me 'gainst those watchful foes,
+  Whose eyes are open, while mine close;
+  Let no dreams my head infest,
+  But such as Jacob's temples blest:
+  Sleep is a death: oh, make me try,
+  By sleeping, what it is to die!
+  And as gently lay my head
+  On my grave, as now my bed.
+  Howe'er I rest, great God, let me
+  Awake again at last with Thee."
+
+      _Bishop Ken._
+
+  "Let no ill dreams disturb my rest;
+  No powers of darkness me molest.
+  Teach me to live, that I may dread
+  The grave as little as my bed:
+  Teach me to die, that so I may
+  Rise glorious at the awful day.
+  Oh, may my soul on Thee repose,
+  And with sweet sleep mine eyelids close;
+  Sleep that may me more vigorous make,
+  To serve my God when I awake."
+
+I have never seen this curious coincidence noticed by any of the good
+bishop's biographers, Hawkins, Bowles, or Mr. Anderdon.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+_The English School of Painting._--In a note to a volume of poems by Victor
+Hugo, published in 1836, occur these remarks:
+
+    "M. Louis Boulanger, à qui ces deux ballades sont dédiées, s'est placé
+    bien jeune au premier rang de cette nouvelle génération de peintres,
+    qui promet d'élever notre école au niveau des magnifiques écoles
+    d'Italie, d'Espagne, de Flandre, et d'Angleterre."
+
+Does this praise of the English school of painting show a correct
+appreciation of its claims to distinction? or am I in error in supposing,
+as I have done, that our school of painting is not entitled to the pompous
+epithet of "magnifique," nor to be named in the same category with the
+Italian, Spanish, and Flemish schools? I am aware of the hackneyed and
+somewhat hyperbolical employment, by French writers and speakers, of such
+terms as _magnifique_, _superbe_, _grandiose_; and that they do not convey
+to a French ear the same idea of superiority, as they do to our more sober
+English judgment; but making every allowance on this score, I confess I was
+not a little startled to find such a term as _magnifique_, even in its most
+moderate acceptation, applied to our efforts in that branch of art.
+_Magnifique_, in truth, must be our school, when the French can condescend
+to speak of it in such language!
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+"_A Feather in your Cap._"--My good friend Dr. Wolff mentioned in
+conversation a circumstance (also stated, I fancy, in his _Journey to
+Bokhara_) which seemed to afford a solution of the common expression,
+"That's a feather in your cap." I begged he would give it me in writing,
+and he has done so. "The Kaffr Seeyah Poosh (meaning the infidels in black
+clothing) living around Cabul upon the height of the mountains of the
+Himalaya, who worship a god called Dagon and Imra, are great enemies of the
+Muhamedans; and for each Muhamedan they kill, they wear a feather in their
+heads. The same is done among the Abyssinians and Turcomans."
+
+Has the feather head-dress of the American Indian, and the eagle's feather
+in the bonnet of the Highlander, any connexion with keeping a score of the
+deaths of the enemies or game they have killed?
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE: LICENCES TO CRENELLATE.
+
+Previous to the publication of the second volume of the _Domestic
+Architecture of the Middle Ages_, you were kind enough to insert some
+Queries for me respecting existing remains of houses of the fourteenth
+century, which elicited some useful Notes, partly through your columns and
+partly from private friends who were thus reminded of my wants. I am now
+preparing for the press the third and concluding volume of that work,
+comprising the period from the reign of Richard II. to that of Henry VIII.
+inclusive. I shall be glad of information of any houses of that period
+remaining in a tolerably perfect state, in addition to those mentioned in
+the _Glossary of Architecture_. I have reason to believe that there are
+many; and one class, the halls of the different guilds, seem to have been
+generally overlooked.
+
+With the kind assistance of Mr. Duffus Hardy, I have obtained a complete
+list of the licences to crenellate contained in the Patent Rolls, and some
+other records preserved in the Tower. Most of these have the name of the
+county annexed; but there are a few, of which I add a list, in which no
+county is mentioned, and local information is necessary in order to
+identify them. Perhaps some {221} of your numerous readers will be able to
+assist me.
+
+_Licences to Crenellate._
+
+  +------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
+  |When granted.           | Name of Place.       | To whom granted.      |
+  +------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
+  | 22 Edward I.           | Melton.              | John de Cokefeld.     |
+  | 17 Edward II.          | Molun.               | Raymond de Grismak.   |
+  | 5 Edward III.          | Newton in Makerfeld. | Robert de Langeton.   |
+  | 9 Edward III.          | Esselyngton.         | Robert de Esselyngton.|
+  | 12 Edward III.         | Cublesdon.           | John Trussell.        |
+  |     Ditto.             | La Beche.            | Nicholas de la Beche. |
+  |     Ditto.             | Beaumes.             |     Ditto.            |
+  | 15 Edward III.         | Pringham.            | Reginald de Cobham.   |
+  |     Ditto.             | Orkesdene.           |     Ditto.            |
+  |     Ditto.             | Stanstede.           | Robert Burghchier.    |
+  | 16 Edward III.         | Credonio.            | Bernard de Dalham.    |
+  |     Ditto.             | Heyheved.            | William Lengleys.     |
+  | 18 Edward III.         | Chevelyngham.        | Thomas de Aeton.      |
+  +------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
+
+J. H. PARKER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DIXON OF BEESTON.
+
+Will the Editor be kind enough to insert the accompanying letter, for _if
+true_ it is worthy of a place in the heraldic portion of "N. & Q.," and _if
+not true_, its imposture should stand recorded? On receiving it I sent a
+copy to my brother, Mr. J. H. Dixon, an able antiquary, and late of the
+council of the Percy Society, who, somewhat too hastily I think, and
+without sufficient proof, rejected the information offered. That the family
+which my brother represents is a "good old" one, is sufficiently attested
+by the pedigree furnished by Thoresby in the _Ducatus Leodiensis_, and
+thence copied by Mr. Burke in his _Landed Gentry_; but of its earlier
+history there is no reliable account, unless that by Mr. Spence can be
+considered such.
+
+I shall feel very much obliged if any of your correspondents learned in the
+genealogies of Yorkshire and Cheshire could either corroborate the
+genuineness of the information tendered by Mr. Spence, or prove the
+reverse; and it is only fair to that gentleman to add that he is entitled
+to credibility on the written testimony of the Rev. Mr. Knox, Incumbent of
+Birkenhead.
+
+R. W. DIXON, J.P.
+
+Seaton Carew, co. Durham.
+
+      Sir,
+
+    Having been engaged by Miss Cotgreave, of Notherlegh House, near
+    Chester, to inspect and arrange the title-deeds and other documents
+    which belonged to her father, the late Sir John Cotgreave, I find a
+    very ancient pedigree of the Cotgreaves de Hargrave in that county;
+    which family became extinct in the direct male line in the year 1724,
+    but which was represented through females by the above Sir J. C.
+
+    It is the work of the great Camden, anno 1598, from documents in the
+    possession of the Cotgreave family, and contains the descents of five
+    generations of the Dixons of Beeston, in the county of York, and
+    Congleton, Cheshire, together with their marriages and armorial
+    bearings, commencing with "Ralph Dixon, Esq., de Beeston and Congleton,
+    living temp. Hen. VI., who was slain whilst fighting on the part of the
+    Yorkists, at the battle of Wakefield, A.D. 1460."
+
+    Presuming that you are descended from this ancient family, I will (if
+    you think proper) transmit to you extracts from the aforesaid pedigree,
+    as far as relates to your distinguished progenitors, conditionally that
+    you remunerate me for the information and definition of the armorial
+    bearings, there being five shields, containing twelve quarterings
+    connected with the family of Dixon.
+
+    Miss Cotgreave will allow me to make the extracts, and has kindly
+    consented to attest the same.
+
+    The arms of Dixon, as depicted in the Cotgreave pedigree, are "Sable, a
+    fleur-de-lis or, a chief ermine," quartering the ensigns of the noble
+    houses of "Robert Fitz-Hugh, Baron of Malpas in the county of Chester,
+    temp. William the Conqueror; Eustace Crewe de Montalt, Lord of
+    Hawarden, Flintshire, during the said reign; Robert de Umfreville, Lord
+    of Tours, and Vian, and Reddesdale, in Northumberland, who flourished
+    in the same reign also; Pole, Talboys, Welles, Latimer," and others.
+
+    In the pedigree, Camden states that the aforesaid "Ralph Dixon
+    quartered the ensigns of the above noble families in right of his
+    mother Maude, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Ralph Fitz-Hugh de
+    Congleton and Elton in the county palatine of Chester."
+
+          I have the honour to be, Sir,
+              Your very obedient humble servant,
+                  WILLIAM SIDNEY SPENCE.
+      Priory Place, Birkenhead,
+              Chester.
+          Dec. 14. 1848.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Atherstone Family._--Can any of your readers oblige me with information
+concerning the Atherstone family? Is it an old name, or was it first given
+some three or four generations back to a foundling, picked up near the town
+of Atherston?
+
+M. A. B.
+
+_Classic Authors and the Jews._--Where can I find a complete or full
+account of passages in Greek and Latin authors, which refer to Judea and
+the Jews? It has been said that these references are very few, and that in
+Cicero, for instance, there is not one. This last is wrong, I know. (See
+_e.g._ Cic. _Pro L. Flacco_, 28., and _De Prov. Consul. 5._)
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_Bishop Hooper's Argument on the Vestment Controversy._--Glocester Ridley,
+in his _Life of Bishop Ridley_, p. 315., London, 1763, states, in reference
+to Bishop Hooper's _Book to the Council against the use of those Habits
+which were then used by the Church of England in her sacred Ministries_,
+written October, 1550, "Part of Hooper's book I have by me in MS." Could
+any one state whether that MS. is now in existence, or where it is to be
+found? It is of much importance to obtain {222} an answer to this inquiry,
+as Bishop Ridley's MS. Reply to Bishop Hooper is, for the first time, about
+to be printed by the Parker Society, through the kind permission of its
+possessor, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., in the second volume of the
+Writings of Bradford which I am editing; and, to make Ridley's reply fully
+intelligible, access is needed to Bishop Hooper's _Book to the Council_.
+
+A. TOWNSEND.
+
+Weston Lane, Bath,
+
+February 23.
+
+_The Title of "Dominus."_--How is it that at Cambridge the title of
+_Dominus_ is applied to B.A.'s, while at Oxford it is confined to the
+doctorate?
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_The De Rous Family._--Hugh Rufus, or De Rous, was Bishop of Ossory, A.D.
+1202. He had been previously an Augustinian Canon of Bodmin, in Cornwall.
+Query, Was he a cadet of the ancient family of De Rous; and if so, what was
+his descent?
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+_Where was the Fee of S. Sanxon?_--At the end of "Ordericus Vitalis," in
+the _Gesta Normannorum_, is a list called the "Feoda Normanniæ," wherein,
+under the title "Feoda Ebroic.," occurs the entry:
+
+  "S. Sanxon dim. f. in friche."
+
+Francis Drake, in his _Antiquities of York_, London, 1736, p. 70., speaks
+of "Sampson, or _Sanxo_," the archbishop of that see; and elsewhere
+mentions the parish church of S. Sampson, "called by some Sanxo."
+
+What I wish to ask is, Where was this half fee of S. Sanxon? Whether it had
+any connexion with Sanson sur Rille? And whether it was the place from
+which "Ralph de S. Sanson" or "Sanson Clericus" of the _Domesday Book_, who
+was afterwards Bishop of Worcester, derived his name?
+
+*   *
+
+_Russian Emperors._--Is there any truth in a rumour that was current two or
+three years since respecting the limited period that was placed upon the
+reign of any Russian monarch? Twenty-five years was the time stated, at the
+termination of which the Emperor had to abdicate. As this period has
+elapsed, and no abdication has taken place by the present Autocrat, some
+one may perhaps be able to state how such a statement originated, and upon
+what grounds?
+
+THOS. CROSFIELD.
+
+_Episcopal Insignia of the Eastern Church._--Having seen in a late number
+of the _Illustrated London News_ (Feb. 11, 1854) a peculiarly shaped
+episcopal staff, with a cross rising from between two in-curved dragons'
+heads, which is represented in the hand of the metropolitan of Wallachia, I
+would be glad to know whether this form is peculiar to any branch of the
+Eastern Church. A reference to a work of authority on the subject will
+oblige a provincialist.
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+_Amontillado Sherry._--What is the real meaning of this epithet? A friend,
+who had travelled in Spain, and visited some famous cellars at Xeres, told
+me that the peculiar flavour of the Amontillado Sherry was always an
+accidental result of mixing butts of wine brought to the merchant by a
+variety of growers. I mentioned this to another friend who had the wine on
+his table; and he ridiculed the account, saying that the Amontillado Sherry
+was from a grape peculiar to the district. What district, I could not
+ascertain.
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Col. Michael Smith's Family._--Perhaps some of your readers may be enabled
+to give me some information of the family of Smith, to which Col. Michael
+Smith, Lieut.-Governor of Nevis about 1750, belongs.
+
+A WEST INDIAN.
+
+_Pronunciation of Foreign Names._--How shall we pronounce Sinope, Citate,
+and many other words which are now becoming familiar to our eyes? I think
+the bookseller who should give us a vocabulary of proper names of foreign
+persons and places, with the correct pronunciation attached, would be
+encouraged by an extensive sale. So far as my knowledge extends, such a
+work is a desideratum.
+
+THINKS I TO MYSELF.
+
+_Artesian Wells._--One who is about to dig a well on his land would be glad
+to know:--1. Whether, in all cases, artesian wells are preferable? 2. If
+yes, why they are not universally adopted, and whether they are more
+expensive then the common sort? 3. If not preferable in all cases, in what
+cases they are preferable?
+
+STYLITES.
+
+_Norman Towers in London._--Can you inform me it there is any other church
+in the city of London with a Norman tower, besides Allhallows, Mark Lane?
+which, by the bye, has been colour-washed: I suppose, to preserve it!
+
+J. W. BROWN.
+
+_Papyrus._--Where, or of whom, can a specimen of Papyrus be obtained?
+
+R. H.
+
+Islington.
+
+_Mathew, a Cornish Family._--I am anxious to know the connexion of a family
+of Mathew, late of Tresungar, co. Cornwall, with any stock in Wales; and I
+will gladly defray any necessary expense of search, if can attain this
+object. The descent of a family of the name, apparently the same from the
+arms, in an old recueil of Devonshire families, is headed "nuper de
+Walliâ;" and a visitation of that county ascribes their bearing {223} (a
+stork) to a marriage with an heir of Starkey, which I have been unable to
+verify. A Visitation of Cornwall, to which I have had access, gives a
+grant, or probably a confirmation of the arms by Cooke. If this celebrated
+Herald's grants are on record, some clew would probably be found; but I
+doubt not that many of your readers well versed in genealogical research
+can readily answer my Query, and I trust to their kindness to do so.
+
+B.
+
+Birkenhead.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Bunyan's Descendants._--As a recent Query respecting John Bunyan may lead
+to some notices of his descendants, perhaps I may be informed in what
+edition of his works it is stated that a branch of his family settled in
+Nottingham? for I find in the burgess-roll of that borough that George
+Bunyan was entered freeman in 1752. William Bunyan, lieutenant in the navy,
+1767; Thomas Bunyan, hosier, 1776. In event of the above story being
+verified, a pedigree may possibly be extracted hereafter from the parish
+registers of the town. As far as my own examination goes, the editions in
+the British Museum afford no corroboration to what I have heard.
+
+FURVUS.
+
+Plumstead Common.
+
+    [We have been favoured with the following article on this subject from
+    George Offor, Esq., of Hackney:
+
+    "_Where are John Bunyan's Descendants?_--It is natural to inquire after
+    the ancestors and descendants of great men, although experience proves
+    that intellectual greatness runs not in blood, for earth's _great_ and
+    most illustrious sons descended from and left descendants who merged
+    among the masses of her _little_ ones. Of his ancestors Bunyan boasted
+    not, but pleaded with the readers of the first edition of his _Sighs
+    from Hell_, 'Be not ashamed to own me because of my low and
+    contemptible descent in the world.' From the life of the great dreamer,
+    appended to my second edition of Bunyan's works (Blackie, Glasgow), it
+    appears that he left three children: Thomas, a valuable member of his
+    church; Joseph, who settled in Nottingham; and Sarah. Joseph is named
+    by one of Bunyan's earliest biographers, who told his father that 'a
+    worthy citizen of London would take him apprentice without money, which
+    might be a great means to advance him; but he replied to me, _God did
+    not send him to advance his family, but to preach the Gospel_.'
+
+    "The Rev. J. H. A. Rudd of Bedford and Elstow has most kindly searched
+    the registers of Elstow and Goldington, and has discovered some
+    interesting entries; and, as his numerous engagements will permit, he
+    will search the registry of the parish churches in Bedford and its
+    vicinity. Information would be most acceptable relative to Bunyan's
+    father and mother, his two wives, and his children, John, Elizabeth,
+    and Mary, who died in his life-time; and also as to Joseph. If your
+    correspondent FURVUS would search the registers at Nottingham, he might
+    discover some valuable records of that branch of the family. Bunyan is
+    said to have been baptized about 1653; and in the Elstow register it
+    appears that his daughter Mary was registered as _baptized_ July 20,
+    1650, while his next daughter, Elizabeth, is on the register as _born_
+    April 14, 1654, showing the change in his principles, as to infant
+    baptism, to have taken place between those periods. The family Bible
+    given by John Bunyan to his son Joseph, now in my possession, confirms
+    the statement verbally communicated to me by his descendant Mrs.
+    Senegar, that her great-grandfather Joseph, having conformed to please
+    his rich wife, was anxious to conceal his affinity to the illustrious
+    tinker. The registers contained in it begin with Joseph's son Thomas
+    and Susannah his wife, and it is continued to Robert Bunyan, born 1775,
+    and who was lately living at Lincoln. I should be most happy to show
+    the Bible and copies of registers in my possession to any one who will
+    undertake to form a genealogy."
+
+      GEORGE OFFOR.]
+
+_Epigram on Dennis._--
+
+  "Should Dennis publish you had stabb'd your brother,
+  Lampoon'd your monarch, or debauch'd your mother," &c.
+
+is printed as by Savage in Johnson's _Life of Savage_. In the notes to _The
+Dunciad_, i. 106., it is said to be by Pope. _Utri credemus?_
+
+S. Z. Z. S.
+
+    [From the fact, that this epigram was not only attributed to Pope, in
+    the notes to the second edition of _The Dunciad_, published in 1729,
+    but also in those of 1743, the joint edition of Pope and Warburton, and
+    both published before the death of Pope, it seems extremely probable
+    that he was the author of it; more especially as he had been
+    exasperated by a twopenny tract, of which Dennis was suspected to be
+    the writer, called _A True Character of Mr. Pope and his Writings_;
+    printed for S. Popping, 1716. D'Israeli however, in his _Calamities of
+    Authors_, art. "The Influence of a bad Temper in Criticism," quoting it
+    from Dr. Johnson, conjectures it was written on the following occasion:
+    "Thomson and Pope charitably supported the veteran Zoilus at a benefit
+    play, and Savage, who had nothing but a verse to give, returned them
+    very poetical thanks in the name of Dennis. He was then blind and old,
+    but his critical ferocity had no old age; his surliness overcame every
+    grateful sense, and he swore as usual, 'They could be no one's but that
+    _fool_ Savage's,' an evidence of his sagacity and brutality. This
+    perhaps prompted 'the fool' to take this fair revenge and just
+    chastisement." After all, Dr. Johnson, who was at that time narrating
+    Savage's intimate acquaintance with Pope, may have attributed to the
+    former what seems to have been the production of the latter.]
+
+_Football played on Shrove Tuesday._--The people of this and the
+neighbouring towns invariably play at football on Shrove Tuesday. What is
+the origin of the custom? and does it extend to other counties?
+
+J. P. S.
+
+Dorking.
+
+    ["Shrove-tide," says Warton, "was formerly a season of extraordinary
+    sport and feasting. There was {224} anciently a feast immediately
+    preceding Lent, which lasted many days, called _Carniscapium_. In some
+    cities of France an officer was annually chosen, called Le Prince
+    d'Amoreux, who presided over the sports of the youth for six days
+    before Ash Wednesday. Some traces of these festivities still remain in
+    our Universities." In these degenerate days more is known, we suspect,
+    of pancakes and fritters, than of a football match and a
+    cock-fight:--the latter, we are happy to say, is now almost forgotten
+    among us. As to the pancake custom, no doubt that is most religiously
+    observed by the readers of "N. & Q.," in obedience to the rubric of the
+    _Oxford Sausage_:
+
+      "Let glad Shrove Tuesday bring the pancake thin,
+      Or fritter rich, with apples stored within."
+
+    According to Fitz-Stephen, "After dinner, all the youths go into the
+    fields to play at the ball. The scholars of every school have their
+    ball and bastion in their hands. The ancient and wealthy men of the
+    city come forth on horseback to see the sport of the young men, and to
+    take part of the pleasure, in beholding their agility." And till within
+    the last few years:
+
+                      "... The humble play
+      Of trap or football on a holiday,
+      In Finsbury fields,"--
+
+    was sufficiently common in the neighbourhood of London and other
+    places. See Brande's _Popular Antiquities_, vol. i. pp. 63-94. (Bohn's
+    edition), and Hone's _Every-Day Book_, vol. i. pp. 244. 255-260.]
+
+_Vossioner; its Meaning._--In looking over a parcel of brass rubbings made
+some years since, I find the word _vossioner_ used, and not knowing its
+signification, I should be glad to be enlightened on the subject; but, in
+order to enable your readers to judge more correctly, I think it better to
+copy the whole of the epitaph in which the word occurs. The plate is in
+Ufton Church, near Southam, county Warwick; it measures eighteen inches in
+width by sixteen deep.
+
+    "Here lyeth the boddyes of Richard Hoddomes, Parsson and Pattron and
+    _Vossioner_ of the Churche and Parishe of Oufton, in the Countie of
+    Warrike, who died one Mydsomer Daye, 1587. And Margerye his Wiffe
+    w^{th} _her_ seven Childryn, as namelye, Richard, _John_, and _John_,
+    Anne, Jane, Elizabeth, Ayles, _his_ iiii Daughters, _whose soule_
+    restethe with God."
+
+I give the epitaph _verbatim_, with its true orthography. There are some
+curious points in this epitaph. First, the date of the death of the
+clergyman only is given; second, the children are called _hers_, while the
+four daughters are _his_; and two of the sons bear the same Christian name,
+whilst only one _soul_ is said to rest with God. The family is represented
+kneeling. Above the inscription, and between the clergyman and his lady, is
+a desk, on which is represented two books lying open before them.
+
+J. B. WHITBORNE.
+
+    [Vossioner seems to be corruption of the Italian _vossignor_, your
+    lord, or the lord, _i.e._ owner or proprietor. Many similar words were
+    introduced by the Italian ecclesiastics inducted into Church livings
+    during the sixteenth century. The inscription is given in Dugdale's
+    _Warwickshire_, vol. i. p. 358.]
+
+_The Game of Chess._--At what period was the noble game of chess introduced
+into the British Isles; and to whom are we indebted for its introduction
+among us?
+
+B. ASHTON.
+
+    [The precise date of the introduction of this game into Britain is
+    uncertain. What has been collected respecting it will be found in the
+    Hon. Daines Barrington's paper in _Archæologia_, vol. ix. p. 28.; and
+    in Hyde's treatise, _Mandragorias, seu Historia Shahiludii_. Oxoniæ,
+    1694.]
+
+_A Juniper Letter._--Fuller, in describing a letter written by Bishop
+Grosthead to Pope Innocent IV., makes use of a curious epithet, of which I
+should be glad to meet with another instance, if it be not simply a
+"Fullerism":
+
+    "Bishop Grouthead offended thereat, wrote Pope Innocent IV. such a
+    _juniper letter_, taxing him with extortion and other vicious
+    practices."--_Church History_, book III., A.D. 1254.
+
+J. M. B.
+
+    ["A juniper lecture," meaning a round scolding bout, is still in use
+    among the canting gentry.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+CLARENCE.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 85.)
+
+Clarence is beyond all doubt the district comprehending and lying around
+the town and castle of Clare in Suffolk, and not, as some have fancifully
+supposed, the town of Chiarenza in the Morea. Some of the crusaders did,
+indeed, acquire titles of honour derived from places in eastern lands, but
+certainly no such place ever gave its name to an honorary feud held of the
+crown of England, nor, indeed, has _ever_ any English sovereign to this day
+bestowed a territorial title derived from a place beyond the limits of his
+own nominal dominions; the latest creations of the kind being the earldoms
+of Albemarle and Tankerville, respectively bestowed by William III. and
+George I., who were both nominally kings of Great Britain, _France_, and
+Ireland. In ancient times every English title (with the exception of
+Aumerle or Albemarle, which exception is only an apparent one) was either
+personal, or derived from some place in England. The ancient earls of
+Albemarle were not English peers by virtue of that earldom, but by virtue
+of the tenure of lands in England, though, being the holders of a Norman
+earldom, they were known in England by their higher designation, just as
+some of the {225} Barons De Umfravill were styled, even in writs of
+summons, by their superior Scottish title of Earl of Angos. If these earls
+had not held English fees, they would not have been peers of England any
+more than were the ancient Earls of Tankerville and Eu. In later times the
+strictness of the feudal law was so far relaxed, that in two or three
+instances English peers were created with territorial titles derived from
+places in the Duchy of Normandy.
+
+As to the locality of Clarence, see Sandford's _Genealogical History_,
+1707, p. 222. There is a paper on the subject in the _Gentleman's Magazine_
+for November, 1850. The king of arms called Clarenceux, or in Latin
+_Clarentius_, was, as it has been very reasonably conjectured, originally a
+herald retained by a Duke of Clarence. (Noble's _History of the College of
+Arms_, p. 61.) Hoping ere long to send you some notes respecting certain
+real or seeming anomalies amongst our English dignities, I reserve some
+particulars which may, perhaps, farther elucidate the present question.
+
+GOLDENCROSS.
+
+Your correspondent HONORÉ DE MAREVILLE has wandered too far in going to the
+Morea to search for this title. Clare in Suffolk was one of the ninety-five
+manors in that county bestowed by the Conqueror upon Richard Fitzgilbert,
+who (as well as his successor Gilbert) resided at Tunbridge, and bore the
+surname of De Tonebruge. His grandson Richard, the first Earl of Hertford,
+fixed his principal seat at Clare, and thenceforth the family took the
+surname of De Clare; and in the Latin documents of the time the several
+members of it were styled _Ricardus_ (or _Gilbertus_), _Dominus Clarensis_,
+_Comes Hertfordiensis_. The name of the lordship thus becoming the family
+surname, it is easy to see how in common usage the formal epithet
+_Clarensis_ soon became Clarence, and why Lionel, the son of Edward III.,
+upon his marriage with Elizabeth de Burgh, the grand-niece and heiress of
+the last Gilbertus Clarensis, should choose as the title for his dukedom
+the surname of the great family of which he had now become the
+representative.
+
+VOKAROS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MILTON'S WIDOW.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375. 452. 471. 544. 594.)
+
+GARLICHITHE is again on the wrong scent. In his first communication on this
+subject, he allowed himself to go astray by mistaking Randle Minshull the
+_grandfather_ for Randle Minshull the _son_; and now, with the like
+fatality, he fails to discriminate between Richard Minshull the _uncle_,
+and Richard Minshull the _brother_, of Elizabeth Milton. A second
+examination of my Reply in Vol. viii., p. 200., will suffice to show him
+that Richard Minshull, the party to the deed there quoted, was named by me
+as the _brother_, and not the _uncle_, of Milton's widow, and that
+therefore his argument, based on disparity of age, &c., falls to the
+ground. On the other hand, Richard Minshull of Chester, to whom the letter
+alluded to was addressed, was the brother of Randle Minshull of Wistaston,
+and by the same token, uncle of Elizabeth Milton, and of Richard Minshull,
+her brother and co-partner in the deed already referred to.
+
+GARLICHITHE, and all others who have taken an interest in this discussion,
+will now, I trust, see clearly that there has been nothing adduced by
+either MR. MARSH or myself inconsistent with ages or dates; but that, on
+the contrary, all our premises and conclusions are borne out by evidence
+clear, irreproachable, and incontestable.
+
+All objections being now, as I conceive, fully combated and disposed of,
+the substance of our investigations may be summed up in a very few words.
+The statement of Pennant, adopted by all succeeding writers, to the effect
+that Elizabeth, the widow of John Milton, was a daughter of Sir Edward
+Minshull of Stoke, is clearly proved to be a fiction. It has been farther
+proved, from the parish registers, as well as from bonds and other
+documentary evidence, that she was, without doubt, the daughter of Randle
+Minshull of Wistaston, a village about three miles from Nantwich; that she
+was the cousin of Milton's familiar friend, Dr. Paget, and as such became
+entitled to a legacy under the learned Doctor's will, and that she is
+expressly named by Richard Minshull as his sister in the deed before
+quoted.
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THREE FLEURS-DE-LYS.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 35. 113.)
+
+DEVONIENSIS is informed that an example of this occurs in the arms of King
+James's School, Almondbury, Yorkshire. The impression, as taken from the
+great seal of the school, in which however the colours are not
+distinguished, may be imperfectly described as follows: Three lions (two
+over one) passant gardant ----, on a chief ----, three fleurs-de-lys ----.
+
+As it is not unlikely that some other of King James's foundations may have
+the same arms, it would be considered a favour if any reader of "N. & Q."
+possessing the information would communicate the proper colours in this
+case, or even the probable ones.
+
+CAMELODUNENSIS.
+
+DEVONIENSIS is quite right in supposing that the bearing of three
+fleurs-de-lys alone, horizontal, in the upper part of the shield,--in other
+words, {226} in chief, fess-ways,--is a very rare occurrence. I know of no
+instance of it in English blazon. Coupled with another and principal
+charge, as a fess, a chevron, a lion, &c.; or in a chief, it is common
+enough. Nor have I ever met with an example of it in French coat-armour. An
+English family, named Rothfeld, but apparently of German extraction, gives:
+Gules, two fleurs-de-lys, in chief, ermine. Du Guesclin bore nothing like a
+fleur-de-lys in any way. The armorial bearings of the famous Constable
+were: Argent, a double-headed eagle, displayed, sable, crowned, or,
+debruised of a bend, gules.
+
+JOHN O' THE FORD.
+
+Malta.
+
+P.S.--Since writing the above, I have read three replies (Vol. ix., p.
+84.), which do not appear to me to exactly meet the Query of DEVONIENSIS.
+
+I understand the question to be, does any English family bear simply three
+fleurs-de-lys, in chief, fess-ways--without any additional charge? And in
+that sense my reply above is framed.
+
+The first example given by MR. MACKENZIE WALCOTT would be most satisfactory
+and conclusive of the existence of such a bearing, could it be verified;
+but, unfortunately, in the _Heraldic Dictionaries_ of Berry and Burke, the
+name even of Trilleck or Trelleck does not occur. And in Malta, I have no
+opportunity of consulting Edmondson or Robson.
+
+Your correspondent A. B. (p. 113.) has mistaken the three white lilies for
+fleurs-de-lys in the arms of Magdalen College, Oxford. Waynflete, the
+founder, was also Provost of Eton, and adopted the device from the bearings
+of that illustrious school; by which they were borne in allusion to St.
+Mary, to whom that College is dedicated.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346. 625.; Vol. ix., p. 78.)
+
+The well-known law dictionary, entitled _The Interpreter_, by John Cowel,
+LL.D., was burned (1610) under a proclamation of James I. (D'Israeli's
+_Calamities of Authors_, ed. 1840, p. 133.)
+
+In June, 1622, the Commentary of David Pare, or Paræus _On the Epistle to
+the Romans_, was burned at London, Oxford, and Cambridge, by order of the
+Privy Council. (Wood's _Hist. and Antiq. of Univ. of Oxford_, ed. Gutch,
+vol. ii. pp. 341-345.; Cooper's _Annals of Cambridge_, vol. iii. pp. 143,
+144.)
+
+On the 12th of February, 1634, _Elenchus Religionis Papisticæ_, by John
+Bastwicke, M.D., was ordered to be burned by the High Commission Court.
+(Prynne's _New Discovery of the Prelates' Tyranny_, p. 132.)
+
+On the 10th of February, 1640-1 the House of Lords ordered that two books
+published by John Pocklington, D.D., entitled _Altare Christianum_, and
+_Sunday no Sabbath_, should be publicly burned in the city of London and
+the two Universities, by the hands of the common executioner; and on the
+10th of March the House ordered the Sheriffs of London and the
+Vice-Chancellors of both the Universities, forthwith to take care and see
+the order of the House carried into execution. (_Lords' Journals_, vol. iv.
+pp. 161. 180.)
+
+On the 13th of August, 1660, Charles II. issued a proclamation against
+Milton's _Defensio pro Populo Anglicano_, his _Answer to the Portraiture of
+his Sacred Majesty in his Solitude and Sufferings_, and a book by John
+Goodwin, late of Coleman Street, London, Clerk, entitled _The Obstructors
+of Justice_. All copies of these books were to be brought to the sheriffs
+of counties, who were to cause the same to be publicly burned by the hands
+of the common hangman at the next assizes. (Kennett's _Register and
+Chronicle_, p. 207.) This proclamation is also printed in Collet's _Relics
+of Literature_, with the inaccurate date 1672, and the absurd statement
+that no copy of the proclamation was discovered till 1797.
+
+In January, 1692-3, a pamphlet by Charles Blount, Esq., entitled _King
+William and Queen Mary, Conquerors, &c._, was burned by the common hangman
+in Palace Yard, Westminster. (Bohun's _Autobiography_, ed. S. W. Rix, vol.
+xxiv. pp. 106, 109. 113.; Wilson's _Life of De Foe_, vol. i. p. 179 _n_.)
+
+The same parliament consigned to the flames Bishop Burnet's _Pastoral
+Letter_, which had been published 1689. (Wilson's _Life of De Foe_, vol. i.
+p. 179.)
+
+On the 31st of July, 1693, the second volume of Anthony à Wood's _Athenæ
+Oxonienses_ was burned in the Theatre Yard at Oxford by the Apparitor of
+the University, in pursuance of the sentence of the University Court in a
+prosecution for a libel on the memory of Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon.
+(_Life of Mr. Anthony à Wood_, ed. 1772, p. 377.)
+
+On the 25th of February, 1702-3, the House of Commons ordered De Foe's
+_Shortest Way with the Dissenters_ to be burned by the hands of the common
+hangman on the morrow in New Palace Yard. (Wilson's _Life of De Foe_, vol.
+ii. p. 62.)
+
+In or about 1709, John Humphrey, an aged non-conformist minister, having
+published a pamphlet against the Test, and circulated it amongst the
+members of parliament, was cited before a committee, and his work was
+ordered to be burned by the common hangman. (Wilson's _Life of De Foe_,
+vol. iii. p. 52.)
+
+The _North Briton_, No. 45., was on the 3rd of December, 1763, burned by
+the common hangman at the Royal Exchange, by order of the House of {227}
+Commons. The following account is from Malcolm's _Anecdotes of London_,
+4to., 1808, p. 282.:
+
+    "The 3rd of December was appointed for this silly ceremony, which took
+    place before the Royal Exchange, amidst the hisses and execrations of
+    the mob, not directed at the obnoxious paper, but at Alderman Harley,
+    the sheriffs, and constables, the latter of whom were compelled to
+    fight furiously through the whole business. The instant the hangman
+    held the work to a lighted link it was beat to the ground, and the
+    populace, seizing the faggots prepared to complete its destruction,
+    fell upon the peace-officers and fairly threshed them from the field;
+    nor did the alderman escape without a contusion on the head, inflicted
+    by a bullet thrown through the glass of his coach; and several other
+    persons had reason to repent the attempt to burn that publicly which
+    the _sovereign people_ determined to approve, who afterwards exhibited
+    a large _jack-boot_ at Temple Bar, and burnt it in triumph, unmolested,
+    as a species of retaliation."
+
+I am not aware that what Mr. Malcolm terms a "silly ceremony" has been
+repeated since 1763.
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+I know not whether you have noticed the following:
+
+    "Droit le Roy; or, A Digest of the Rights and Prerogatives of the
+    Imperial Crown of Great Britain. By a Member of the Society of
+    Lincoln's Inn. 'Dieu et Mon Droit.' [Royal Arms, with G. R.] London:
+    printed and sold by W. Griffin, in Fetter Lane, MDCCLXIV."
+
+Lord Mahon (_History of England_, vol. v. p. 175.) says:
+
+    "It was also observed, and condemned as a shallow artifice, that the
+    House of Lords, to counterbalance their condemnation of Wilkes's
+    violent democracy, took similar measures against a book of exactly
+    opposite principles. This was a treatise or collection of precedents
+    lately published under the title of _Droit le Roy_, to uphold the
+    prerogative of the crown against the rights of the people. The Peers,
+    on the motion of Lord Lyttleton, seconded by the Duke of Grafton, voted
+    this book 'a false, malicious, and traitorous libel, inconsistent with
+    the principles of the Revolution to which we owe the present happy
+    establishment;' they ordered that it should be burned by the hands of
+    the common hangman, and that the author should be taken into custody.
+    The latter part of the sentence, however, no one took any pains to
+    execute. The author was one Timothy Brecknock, a hack scribbler, who,
+    twenty years afterwards, was hanged for being accessary to an atrocious
+    murder in Ireland."
+
+A copy of the book (an octavo of xii. and 95 pages) is in my possession. It
+was apparently a presentation copy, and formerly belonged to Dr. Disney; at
+whose sale it was purchased by the late Richard Heber, as his MS. note
+testifies. Against the political views which this book advocates, I say not
+one word; as a legal treatise it is simply despicable.
+
+H. GOUGH.
+
+Lincoln's Inn.
+
+The following extract is at the service of BALLIOLENSIS:
+
+    "In the seventh year of King James I., Dr. Cowel's _Interpreter_ was
+    censured by the two Houses, as asserting several points to the
+    overthrow and destruction of Parliaments and of the fundamental laws
+    and government of the kingdom. And one of the articles charged upon him
+    to this purpose by the Commons, in their complaint to the Lords, was,
+    as Mr. Petyt says, out of the _Journal_, this that follows:
+
+    "'4thly. The Doctor draws his arguments from the imperial laws of the
+    Roman Emperors, an argument which may be urged with as great reason,
+    and with as great authority, for the reduction of the state and the
+    clergy of England to the polity and laws in the time of those Emperors;
+    as also to make the laws and customs of Rome and Constantinople to be
+    binding and obligatory in the cities of London and York.'
+
+    "The issue of which complaint was, that the author, for these his
+    outlandish politics, was taken into custody, and his book condemned to
+    the flames: nor could the dedication of it to his then grace of
+    Canterbury save it."--Atterbury's _Rights, Powers, and Privileges of
+    Convocation_, p. 7. of Preface.
+
+WM. FRASER, B.C.L.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+I possess a copy of _The Case of Ireland being bound by Acts of Parliament
+in England stated_, by William Molyneux of Dublin, Esq., which appears to
+have been literally "plucked as brand from the burning," as a considerable
+portion of it is consumed by fire. I have cut the following from a sale
+catalogue just sent to me from Dublin:
+
+    "Smith's (Matthew) _Memoirs of Secret Service_, Lond. 1696. Written by
+    Charles, Earl of Peterborough, and is very scarce, being burnt by the
+    hangman. MS. note."
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+Kilkenny.
+
+A decree of the University of Oxford, made July 21, 1683, condemning George
+Buchanan's treatise _De jure regni apud Scotos_, and certain other books,
+the names of which I do not know, was on March 25, 1710, ordered by the
+House of Lords to be burned by the hangman. This was shortly after the
+trial of Dr. Sacheverel.
+
+W. P. STORER.
+
+Olney, Bucks.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DIFFERENT PRODUCTIONS OF DIFFERENT CARCASES.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 263.)
+
+Up to a very recent period, it was held, even by philosophers, that each of
+the four elements, as well as every _living_ plant and animal, both {228}
+brute and human, generated insects; but of all sources of this equivocal
+generation, none was considered more potent than the putrefaction or
+corruption of animal matter: as Du Bartas says:
+
+  "God, not contented to each kind to give,
+  And to infuse the virtue generative,
+  By His wise power, made many creatures breed,
+  Of _lifeless bodies_ without Venus' deed."
+                          _Sixth Day._
+
+Pliny, after giving Virgil's receipt for making bees, gives similar
+instances:
+
+    "Like as dead horses will breed waspes and hornets; and asses carrion,
+    turne to be beetle-flies by a certaine metamorphosis which Nature
+    maketh from one creature to another."--Lib. xi. c. xx.
+
+And soon after he says of wasps:
+
+    "All the sorte of these live upon flesh, contrarie to _the manner of
+    bees, which will not touch a dead carcasse_."
+
+This brings Shakepeare's lines to mind:
+
+  " 'Tis seldom when the bee doth leave her comb
+  In the _dead carrion_."
+              _Henry IV._, Part II. Act IV. Sc. 4.
+
+The _Belfast News Letter_ of Friday, Aug. 10, 1832, gives one of these rare
+occurrences:
+
+    "A few days ago, when the sexton was digging a grave in Temple Cranney
+    (a burying-place in Portaferry, co. Down), he came to a coffin which
+    had been there two or three years: this he thought necessary to remove.
+    In this operation, he was startled by a great quantity of wild bees
+    issuing forth from the coffin; and upon lifting the lid, it was found
+    that they had formed their combs in the dead man's skull and mouth,
+    which were full. The nest was made of the hair of the head, together
+    with shavings that had been put in the coffin with the corpse."
+
+This quotation is given in an interesting work of Mr. Patterson's, _Letters
+on the Natural History of the Insects mentioned in Shakspeare's Plays_:
+London, 1838.
+
+Your correspondent R. T. shows that _serpents_ were supposed to be
+generated by _human_ carcases. Pliny says:
+
+    "I have heard many a man say that the _marrow of a man's backebone_
+    will breed to a snake."--_Hist. Nat._, x. 66.
+
+The story of the "fair young German gentleman" reminds me of one of a
+gentle shepherd and his beloved Amarante, told in De Britaine's _Human
+Prudence_, 12th edit., Dublin, 1726, Part I. p. 171. The corpse of the
+"Cæsar," seen by St. Augustine and Monica, was most probably that of
+Maximus, Emperor of the West, slain by the soldiers of Theodosius, A.D.
+388.
+
+Sir Thos. Browne--"treating of the conceit that the mandrake grows under
+gallowses, and arises from the fat, or [Greek: ouron], of the dead
+malefactor, and hence has the form of a man--says:
+
+    "This is so far from being verified of animals in their corruptive
+    mutations into plants, that they maintain not this similitude in their
+    nearer translation into animals. So when the ox corrupteth into bees,
+    or the horse into hornets, they come not forth in the image of their
+    originals. So the corrupt and excrementitious humours in man are
+    animated into lice: and we may observe that hogs, sheep, goats, hawks,
+    hens, and others, have one peculiar and proper kind of
+    vermin."--_Works_, Bohn's edit., vol. i. p. 197.
+
+The editor furnishes the following note:
+
+    "The immortal Harvey, in his _De Generations_, struck the first blow at
+    the root of the irrational system called _equivocal generation_, when
+    he laid down his brief but most pungent law, _Omnia ex ovo_. But the
+    belief transmitted from antiquity, that living beings generated
+    spontaneously from putrescent matter, long maintained its ground, and a
+    certain modification of it is even still advocated by some naturalists
+    of the greatest acuteness. The first few pages of the volume entitled
+    _Insect Transformations_ (in _The Library of Entertaining Knowledge_)
+    are occupied by a very interesting investigation of this subject."--See
+    also Sir T. Browne's _Works_, vol. i. p. 378., vol. ii. pp. 523, 524.;
+    and Izaak Walton's _Complete Angler_, passim.
+
+The equivocal generation of bees is copiously dwelt on in Bochart's
+_Hierozoicon_, London, 1663, fol., Part II. p. 502. Instances of their
+attaching themselves to dead bodies, in spite of their ordinary antipathy,
+are given at p. 506.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VANDYKE IN AMERICA.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 182. 228.)
+
+To your correspondent C. I would say, that his observation--that the Query
+was as to an _engraving_, whilst my answer was as to a _picture_--is not
+true; as I am sure, from memory, that MR. WESTMACOTT used the word
+"portraits." But I plead in extenuation of my pretended grave offence, 1.
+That the Query was not propounded by C., but by a gentleman to whom the
+information given might be, as I supposed, of some interest; more
+particularly as I referred to the _Travels_ of an Englishman, both of
+which, author and work, were accessible. 2. That, in common with the
+American readers of "N. & Q.," I regarded it as "a journal of
+inter-communication," through whose columns information might be asked for,
+the request to be treated with the same consideration and courtesy as
+though addressed to each individual subscriber. I may add that LORD
+BRAYBROOKE and MR. WODDERSPOON (Vol. iv., p. 17.) have urged "the necessity
+for recording the existence of painted historical portraits, scattered, as
+we know they are," &c. {229}
+
+Now, as to the expression "worthies, famous in English history." I presume
+I need do no more concerning its application to Lord Orrery, Sir Robert
+Walpole, &c., than say, it was used as signifying "men of mark," without
+intending to endorse their "worth" either morally, mentally, or
+politically; its application to Colonel Hill and Colonel Byrd, as meaning
+"men of worth," might, did your limits permit, be defended on high grounds.
+
+Then as to the possibility of Vandyke's having painted the portraits. If C.
+will have the kindness to look at C. Campbell's _History of Virginia_, he
+will find,--
+
+    "1654. At a meeting of the Assembly, William Hatchin, having been
+    convicted of having called Colonel Edward Hill 'an atheist and
+    blasphemer,' was compelled to make acknowledgment of his offence upon
+    his knees before Colonel Hill and the Assembly."
+
+This Colonel Hill, generally known as Colonel Edward Hill the Elder, a
+gentleman of great wealth, built the mansion at Shirley, where his
+portrait, brought from England, hangs in the same place, in the same hall
+in which he had it put up. It represents a youth in pastoral costume, crook
+in hand, flocks in the background. By a comparison of dates, C. will find
+it possible for Vandyke to have painted it. (See Bryan's _Engravers and
+Painters_.) It has descended, along with the estate, to his lineal
+representative, the present owner. Its authenticity rests upon _tradition_
+coupled with the foregoing facts, as far as I know (though the family may
+have abundant documentary proof), and I doubt very much whether many
+"Vandykes in England" are better ascertained. I would add that several
+English gentlemen, among them, as I have heard, a distinguished ambassador
+recently in this country, recognised it as a Vandyke. This picture, amongst
+others, was injured by the balls fired from the vessels which ascended the
+James river, under command of General Arnold, then a British officer. On
+the younger Mr. Hill's tomb at Shirley is a coat of arms, a copy of which,
+had I one to send, would probably point out his family in England.[2]
+
+As to Colonel Byrd's portrait. There were, I believe, three gentlemen of
+this name and title, more or less confounded in reputation, the second of
+whom, generally known as "Colonel Byrd the Elder," by reason of his son's
+history, was born in 1674. The picture is of his _father_, that is, of
+"old," or "the first Colonel Byrd," and is in the same style as that of
+Colonel Hill's, representing a shepherd lad. He was an English gentleman of
+great wealth, and certainly of some benevolence. In Campbell's _Virginia_,
+p. 104. (see also Oldmixon, vol. i. p. 427.), it is stated, 1690, a large
+body of Huguenots were sent to Virginia. "The refugees found in Colonel
+Byrd, of Westover, a generous benefactor. Each settler was allowed a strip
+of land running back from the river to the foot of the hill (Henrico
+County). Here they raised cattle," &c. He sent his son to England to be
+educated under the care of a friend, Sir Robert Southwell. The son became a
+Fellow of the Royal Society, "was the intimate and bosom friend of the
+learned and illustrious Charles Boyle, Earl of Orrery," was the author of
+the _Westover MSS._ (mentioned in Oldmixon's preface, 2nd ed.), portions of
+which, "Progress to the Mines," "History of the Dividing Line," &c., have
+been printed, others are in the library of the American Philosophical
+Society.[3] His portrait is "by Kneller, a fine old cavalier face," says
+Campbell. The letters received at Westover might prove not uninteresting
+even to C., seeing that there were so many titled people among the writers;
+and to a gentleman of education and intelligence, the Westover library
+would have been a treasure-house. In the Loganian Library in this city is a
+large MS. folio, whose title-page declares it to be "a catalogue of books
+in the library at Westover, belonging to William Byrd, Esq.," from which it
+appears that in Law there were the English reporters (beginning with Y. B.)
+and text-writers, laws of France, Scotland, Rome (various editions of
+Pandects, &c.); Canon Law, with numerous approved commentators on each. In
+Physic a great many works, which, as I am told, were, and some still are,
+of high repute: I note only one, _Poor Planter's Physician interleaved_.
+This, to every one who has been upon a great Virginia plantation, bespeaks
+the benevolence characteristic of the proprietors of Westover. In Divinity,
+besides pages of orthodox divines, Bibles in various languages (several in
+Hebrew, one in seven vols.), are Socinius, Bellarmine, &c. The works on
+Metallurgy, Natural History, Metaphysics, Military Science, Heraldry,
+Navigation, Music, &c., are very numerous; and either of the collections of
+history, or entertainment, or classics, or political science, would form no
+inconsiderable library of itself. {230} An impression of Colonel Byrd's
+book-plate, given by a friend, is enclosed. I must add that the pictures at
+Brandon are at that mansion, through the marriage of Mr. Harrison (a signer
+of the Declaration of Independence) with the daughter of the third Colonel
+Byrd.
+
+I have occupied much more space than I intended, but I have said enough I
+hope to show, 1. That it is possible, from dates, from the character,
+wealth, and position of Mr. Byrd and Mr. Hill, together with the length of
+time the pictures have remained in the respective families, for Vandyke to
+have painted these portraits. 2. That as men who directed the energies,
+developed the resources, of our infant settlements, who brought hither the
+products of science, literature, and art, who exhibited the refinements of
+birth, the graces of good breeding, yet were always ready to serve their
+country in the field or in the council, Mr. Byrd and Mr. Hill are vastly
+more worthy of commemoration and reverence than all the Earls of
+Dredlington that ever sat at his majesty's Board of Green Cloth.
+
+J. BALCH.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+[Footnote 2: It is curious to observe how matters of history appear and
+disappear as it were. "The mighty Tottipottimoy," says Hudibras (part ii.
+cant. ii. l. 421.),--on which the Rev. Dr. Nash has this note: "I don't
+know whether this is a real name or only an imitation of North-American
+phraseology; the appellation of an individual, or a title of
+office:"--Tottipottimoy was king of the warlike and powerful Parnunkies,
+and was defeated and slain by the Virginians, commanded by Colonel Hill, in
+the action from which Bloody Run takes its name.]
+
+[Footnote 3: There is a curious passage in the Westover MSS. concerning
+William Penn, of which Mr. Macaulay should have a copy, unless one has been
+already sent to him.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Cyanide of Potassium._--It may be interesting to our photographic friends
+to know that cyanide of potassium is capable of replacing hyposulphite of
+soda in all collodion processes. If used of the strength of five grains to
+one ounce of water, no danger need be apprehended from it. Its merits are
+cleanliness, quickness of operation, and the minute quantity of water
+required for washing the picture fixed therewith.
+
+J. B. HOCKIN.
+
+_Mode of exciting Calotype Paper._--I forgot inserting this plan of
+exciting in my paper: it is very clean and convenient, simple and sure.
+Obtain a piece of plate glass, two or three inches larger than your paper,
+level it on a table with a few bits of wood, pour on it your exciting
+mixture (say aceto-nitrate and gallic acid, solution of each 20 minims,
+distilled water 1 ounce), and spread it evenly over with a scrap of
+blotting-paper. Float your paper two minutes, remove and blot off; this
+ensures perfect evenness, especially if the paper is large. You may thus
+excite half a dozen papers with little more trouble than one.
+
+THOS. L. MANSELL.
+
+_The Double Iodide Solution--Purity of Photographic Chemicals._--The
+observations of MR. LEACHMAN upon the solvent powers of iodide of potassium
+(Vol ix., p. 182.) are perfectly correct, but I believe our photographic
+chemicals are often much adulterated. The iodide of potassium is frequently
+mixed with the carbonate. DR. MANSELL writes me word, in a comment upon
+your note upon his communication, "What I used was _very_ pure, having been
+prepared by Mr. Arnold with great care: it was some that had gone to the
+Great Exhibition as a sample of Guernsey make, and obtained a medal." I
+have this day used exactly seven ounces avoirdupois to make a pint of the
+iodizing solution, which, within a few grains, agrees with my former
+results. Nitrate of silver, I am informed upon a most respectable
+authority, has been adulterated thirty per cent., and without careful
+testing has eluded detection; but I am inclined to think our cheapest
+article has come in for its largest share of mixture. I have lately
+perfectly failed in the removal of the iodide of silver with a _saturated_
+solution of what I purchased as hyposulphite of soda, but which could have
+been little else than common Glauber's salts; for upon applying a similar
+solution of some which was made by M. Butka of Prague, and supplied me by
+Messrs. Simpson and Maule, the effect was almost immediate, demonstrating
+how much we are misled in our conclusions, from believing we are
+manipulating with the same substances, when in fact they are quite
+different.
+
+HUGH W. DIAMOND.
+
+_Hyposulphite of Soda Baths._--Is there any objection to using the same
+bath (saturated solution of hyposulphite) for fixing both paper calotype
+_negatives_ and positives printed on albumenized paper from glass collodion
+negatives?
+
+C. E. F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Daughters taking their Mothers' Names_ (Vol. viii., p.586.).--BURIENSIS
+asked for instances of temp. Edw. I., II., III., of a daughter adding to
+her own name that of her mother: as Alice, daughter of Ada, &c. Though I am
+not able to furnish an instance of a daughter doing so, I can refer him to
+a few of sons using that form of surname some years earlier, but the
+practice seems very limited. Thus in _Liber de Antiquis Legibus_, published
+by the Camden Society, we have, among the early sheriffs of London in 1193,
+Willielmus filius Ysabelis, or, as in the appendix 222, Ysabel; in 1200,
+Willielmus filius Alicie; in 1213, Martinus filius Alicie; and in 1233 and
+1246, Simon filius Marie,--the same person that, as Simon Fitz-Mary, is
+known as the founder of the Hospital of St. Mary Bethlehem Without,
+Bishopsgate.
+
+W. S. W.
+
+Middle Temple.
+
+_The Young Pretender_ (Vol. ix., p. 177.).--Will CEYREP, or any other
+correspondent, furnish me with particulars of the Young Pretender's
+marriage with a daughter of the House of Stolberg; her name, place of
+burial, &c.? She was descended maternally from the noble House of Bruce,
+through the marriage of Thomas, second Earl of Aylesbury and third Earl of
+Elgin, with Charlotte (his second wife) Countess of Sannu, or Sannau, of
+the House of Argenteau. They had a daughter, Charlotte Maria, I suppose an
+only child, who was married in the year 1722 to the Prince of Horn. These
+had issue Mary and Elizabeth, whom also I suppose {231} to have been only
+children. One of them married the Prince of Stolberg, and the other the
+Prince of Salm. One of the descendants of this family was an annuitant on
+the estate of the Marquis of Aylesbury, as recently as twelve or fourteen
+years ago. Information on any part of this descent would confer an
+obligation on
+
+PATONCE.
+
+_A Legend of the Hive_ (Vol. ix., p. 167.).--With every feeling of
+gratitude to EIRIONNACH, I cannot receive praise for false metre and
+erroneous grammar. In the fifth line of the first stanza of the quoted
+verse, the first of the above legend, "are" is redundant: and in the first
+line of the next stanza, "bore" should be "bare." I remember that in more
+cases than one the printer of my published rhymes has perpetrated this
+latter mistake.
+
+Suffer me to reply to a question of the same courteous critic EIRIONNACH,
+in Vol. ix., p. 162., about a "Christ-cross-row." This name for the
+alphabet obtained in the good old Cornish dame-schools when I was a boy. In
+a book that I have seen, there is a vignette of a monk teaching a little
+boy to read, and beneath
+
+      "_A Christ-Cross Rhyme._
+
+          I.
+
+  "Christ his cross shall be my speed!
+  Teach me, Father John, to read:
+  That in church, on holy-day,
+  I may chant the psalm and pray.
+
+          II.
+
+  "Let me learn, that I may know
+  What the shining windows show;
+  Where the lovely Lady stands,
+  With that bright Child in her hands.
+
+          III.
+
+  "Teach me letters one, two, three,
+  Till that I shall able be
+  Signs to know and words to frame,
+  And to spell sweet Jesu's name!
+
+          IV.
+
+  "Then, dear master, will I look
+  Day and night in that fair book,
+  Where the tales of saints are told,
+  With their pictures all in gold.
+
+          V.
+
+  "Teach me, Father John, to say
+  Vesper-verse and matin-lay;
+  So when I to God shall plead,
+  Christ his cross will be my speed!"
+
+H. OF MORWENSTOW.
+
+_Hoby Family_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.; Vol. ix., pp. 19. 58.).--Sir Philip
+Hoby, or Hobbie, who was born in 1505, and died in 1558, was not only
+Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Henry VIII., but, while he held that
+office, was attached to the embassy of Sir Thomas Wyatt to the Emperor
+Charles V. in 1538. He was himself ambassador to the same Emperor in 1548,
+being sent by the Protector Somerset to replace the Bishop of Westminster.
+It may be interesting to state that two volumes of papers containing
+instructions and other letters transmitted to Sir Philip during these
+embassies, and copies of his replies, together with his correspondence with
+some eminent reformers, were in the possession of Wm. Hare, Esq., M.P. for
+the city of Cork in 1796. An account of them, drawn up by the Rev. T. D.
+Hincks, was read before the Royal Irish Academy on December 17 in that
+year, and printed in the sixth volume of its _Transactions_. It is probable
+that these papers had formerly belonged to Rev. Sir Philip Hoby, Bart., who
+was Dean of Ardfert and Chancellor of St. Patrick's; and died without an
+heir in 1766. He was descended from Sir Thomas Hoby, younger brother of Sir
+Philip; who was born in 1530, and died in 1566. The father of these two
+knights was William Hobbie of Leominster. I presume the two volumes of
+papers referred to are in the possession of the Earl of Listowel,
+great-grandson of the gentleman who possessed them in 1796.
+
+E. H. D. D.
+
+_Anticipatory Use of the Cross_ (Vol. viii. passim).--
+
+    "It is strange, yet well authenticated, and has given rise to many
+    theories, that the symbol of the Cross was already known to the Indians
+    before the arrival of Cortez. In the island of Cozumel, near Yucatan,
+    there were several; and in Yucatan itself there was a stone cross. And
+    there an Indian, considered a prophet amongst his countrymen, had
+    declared that a nation bearing the same as a symbol should arrive from
+    a distant country! More extraordinary still was a temple, dedicated to
+    the Holy Cross by the Toltec nation in the city of Cholula. Near
+    Tulansingo there is also a cross engraved on a rock with various
+    characters, which the Indians by tradition ascribe to the Apostle St.
+    Thomas. In Oajaca, also, there existed a cross, which the Indians from
+    time immemorial had been accustomed to consider as a divine symbol. By
+    order of the Bishop Cervantes it was placed in a sumptuous chapel in
+    the cathedral. Information concerning its discovery, together with a
+    small cup, cut out of its wood, was sent to Rome to Paul V.; who
+    received it on his knees, singing the hymn 'Vexilla regis,' &c."--_Life
+    in Mexico_, by Madame Calderon de la Barca, Letter xxxvii.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+_Longevity_ (Vols. vii., viii., _passim_).--
+
+    "Amongst the fresh antiquities of Cornwall, let not the old woman be
+    forgotten who died about two years since; who was one hundred and
+    sixty-four years old, of good memory, and healthful at that age; living
+    in the parish of Gwithian by the charity of such as came purposely to
+    see her, speaking to them (in default of English) by an interpreter,
+    yet partly understanding it. She married a second husband after she was
+    eighty, {232} and buried him after he was eighty years of
+    age."--Scawens' _Dissertation on the Cornish Tongue_, written temp.
+    Car. II.
+
+ANON.
+
+As very many, if not all, the instances mentioned in "N. & Q." of those who
+have reached a very advanced age, were people of humble origin, may we not
+now refer to those of noble birth? To commence the list, I would name Sir
+Ralph de Vernon, "who is said to have lived to the age of one hundred and
+fifty, and thence generally was called the Old Liver." My authority is,
+Burke's _Peerage and Baronetage_, edit. 1848, p. 1009.
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+"_Nugget_" (Vol. viii., pp. 375. 481.).--A note from Mundy's _Our
+Antipodes_:
+
+    "The word _nugget_, among farmers, signifies a small compact beast, a
+    runt: among gold-miners a lump, in contradistinction to the scale or
+    dust-gold."
+
+CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
+
+_The fifth Lord Byron_ (Vol. ix., p. 18.).--I believe it to be an
+acknowledged fact, that an old man's memory is generally good of events of
+years past and gone: and as an octogenarian I am not afraid to state that,
+from the discussions on the subject, I feel myself perfectly correct as to
+the main point of my observations (Vol. viii., p. 2.), viz. the error
+committed in the limitation of the ultimate reversion of the estate; but as
+to the secondary point to which MR. WARDEN alludes, I may perhaps be in
+error in placing it on the settlement of the son, inasmuch as the effect
+would be the same if it occurred in the settlement of the father; and MR.
+WARDEN'S observations leave an inference that the mistake may have there
+occurred; as, in such case, if the error had been discovered,--and by any
+altercation the son had refused to correct the mistake, which he could and
+ought to have consented to, after the failure of his own issue,--this
+alone, between two hasty tempers, would have been sufficient cause of
+quarrel, without reference to the question of marrying an own cousin, which
+is often very justly objectionable.
+
+WM. S. HESLEDEN.
+
+_Wapple, or Whapple-way_ (Vol. ix., p. 125.).--This name is common in the
+south, and means a bridle-way, or road in which carriages cannot pass. In
+Sussex these ways are usually short cuts through fields and woods, from one
+road or place to another. (See Halliwell's _Dictionary_, and Cooper's
+_Sussex Glossary_.) The derivation is not given by either writer.
+
+D.
+
+In Manning's _Surrey_, I find not any mention of this term; but apprehend
+it to be a corruption of the Norman-French, _vert plain_, "a green road or
+alley:" which, as our Saxon ancestors pronounced the _v_ as a _w_, easily
+slides into _war plain_ or _warple_. (See Du Cange, _Supp._, _in voce_
+"Plain.")
+
+C. H.
+
+_The Ducking-stool_ (Vol. viii., p.315.).--As late as the year 1824, a
+woman was convicted of being a common scold in the Court of Quarter
+Sessions of Philadelphia County, and sentenced "to be placed in a certain
+instrument of correction called a cucking or ducking-stool," and plunged
+three times into the water; but the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, upon the
+removal of the case by writ of error, decided that this punishment was
+obsolete, and contrary to the spirit of the age.
+
+Our fathers held the ducking-stool in higher respect, as appears from the
+following presentments of the grand juries of Philadelphia, the originals
+of which have been lately discovered. In January, 1717, they say (through
+William Fishbourne, their foreman),--
+
+    "Whereas it has been frequently and often presented by several former
+    grand juries for this city, the necessity of a ducking-stool and house
+    of correction for the just punishment of scolding, drunken women, as
+    well as divers other profligate and unruly persons in this place, who
+    are become a public nuisance and disturbance to this town in general;
+    therefore we, the present grand jury, do earnestly again present the
+    same to this court of quarter sessions for the city, desiring their
+    immediate care, that _those publick conveniences_ may not be any longer
+    delayed, but with all possible speed provided for the detection and
+    quieting such disorderly persons."
+
+Another, the date of which is not given, but which is signed by the same
+foreman, presents "Alsoe that a ducking-stoole be made for publick use,
+being very much wanting for scolding women," &c. And in 1720, another grand
+jury, of which Benjamin Duffield was foreman, say:
+
+    "The Grand Inquest, we taking in consideration the great disorders of
+    the turbulent and ill-behaviour of many people in this city, we present
+    the great necessity of a ducking-stool for such people according to
+    their deserts."
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Double Christian Names_ (Vol. ix., p. 45.).--It is surely not correct to
+say that the earliest instance of two Christian names is in the case of a
+person born in 1635. Surely Henry, Prince of Wales, the son of James I., is
+an earlier instance. Sir Thomas Strand Fairfax was certainly born before
+that date. Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey was probably an earlier instance; and
+Sir Robert Bruce Colton, the antiquary, certainly so. Writing at a distance
+from my books, I can only appeal to memory; but see Southey's _Common-Place
+Book_, vol. i. p. 510. Venables, in his _Travels in Russia_, {233} tells us
+that "a Russian has never more than one Christian name, which must be
+always that of a saint." To these a patronymic is often added of the
+father's name, with the addition _vich_, as in the case of the present
+Czar, Nicholas Paulovich, the son of Paul.
+
+W. DENTON.
+
+Torquay.
+
+_Pedigree to the Time of Alfred_ (Vol. viii., p. 586.).--Some ten or twelve
+years since I was staying at the King's Head Inn, Egham, Surrey (now
+defunct), when a fresh-looking, respectable man was pointed out to one as
+Mr. Wapshot, who had held an estate in the neighbourhood from his ancestors
+prior to the Conquest. He was not represented as a blacksmith, but as
+farming his own estate. I am not connected with Egham or the neighbourhood,
+or I would make farther inquiry.
+
+S. D.
+
+_Palace of Lucifer_ (Vol. v., p. 275.).--If R. T. has not observed it, I
+would refer him to the note in the Aldine edition of Milton, vol. iii. p.
+263., where I find "Luciferi domus" is the palace of the sun (see
+_Prolusiones_, p. 120.); and not, as T. WARTON conjectured, the abode of
+Satan.
+
+I. R. R.
+
+_Monaldeschi_ (Vol. viii., p. 34.).--_Relation du Meurte de Monaldeschi,
+poignardé par ordre de Christine, reine de Suède_, by Father de Bel, is to
+be found in a collection of curious papers printed at Cologne, 1664, in
+12mo. It is given at length in _Cristina's Revenge, and other Poems_, by J.
+M. Moffatt, London, printed for the author, 1821.
+
+E. D.
+
+_Anna Lightfoot_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.).--T. H. H. is referred to an
+elegantly printed pamphlet called _An Historical Fragment relative to her
+late Majesty Queen Caroline_, printed for J. & N. L. Hunt, London, 1824,
+which, from p. 44. to p. 50., contains a very circumstantial account of
+this extraordinary occurrence.
+
+E. D.
+
+_Lode_ (Vol. v., p. 345.).--It would not appear that this word means "an
+artificial watercourse," at least from its use at Tewkesbury, where there
+is still the _Lower Lode_, at which a ferry over the Severn still exists;
+and there was also the _Upper Lode_, until a bridge was erected over the
+river at that place. Will this help to show its proper meaning?
+
+I. R. R.
+
+"_To try and get_" (Vol. ix., p. 76.).--UNEDA inquires the origin of this
+erroneous mode of expression? Doubtless euphony, to avoid the alliteration
+of so many T's: "_t_o _t_he _t_heatre _t_o _t_ry and get," &c. But
+evidently the word _to_ is understood, though not supplied after the word
+_and_. Thus, "to try and (to) get," &c.
+
+CELCRENA.
+
+_Abbott Families_ (Vol. ix. p. 105.).--In reply to MR. ABBOTT'S Query, I
+have a pedigree of Samuel Abbott, born in 1637 or 1638; second son of Wm.
+Abbott of Sudbury, who was born 1603, and who was son to Charles Abbott of
+Hawkden and Sudbury, an alderman, which Charles was son to Wm. Abbott of
+Hawkden. This Samuel married Margaret, daughter to Thomas Spicer. Should
+MR. ABBOTT wish it, I would forward him a copy of the pedigree. I can trace
+no connexion between this family and that of Archbishop Abbott, whose
+father, Maurice Abbott of Guildford, was son of ---- Abbott of Farnham, co.
+Surrey.
+
+I wish especially to know what became of Thomas Abbott, only son of Robert,
+Bishop of Sarum; which Thomas dedicated his father's treatise against
+Bellarmine in 1619 to his uncle the Archbishop, calling himself in the
+preface, "imbellis homuncio." His sister was wife to Sir Nathaniel Brent,
+whose younger son Nathaniel left all his property to his cousin Maurice
+Abbott, of St. Andrew's, Holborn, Gent., in 1688; which Maurice was
+possibly son to Thomas.
+
+G. E. ADAMS.
+
+36. Lincoln's Inn Fields.
+
+"_Mairdil_" (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--Is there any affinity between the word
+_mairdil_, which is used in Forfarshire, to be overcome with fatigue for
+any oppressive or intricate piece of work, and the word _mardel_ or
+_mardle_, which signifies to gossip in Norfolk, as stated by MR. J. L.
+SISSON? What will H. C. K. say to this subject? Jamieson confines _mairdil_
+to an adjective, signifying unwieldy; but I have often heard work-people in
+Forfarshire declare they were "perfectly _mairdiled_" with a piece of heavy
+work, using the word as a passive verb. _Trachled_ has nearly the same
+meaning, but it is chiefly confined to describe fatigue arising from
+walking a long distance.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+_Bell at Rouen_ (Vol. viii., p. 448.).--Your valuable correspondent W.
+SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A., has probably taken his account of the great bell in
+the cathedral at Rouen from a note made before the French Revolution of
+1792-3, because the George d'Ambois, which was once considered the largest
+bell in Europe (it was thirteen feet high, and eleven feet in diameter),
+excepting that at Moscow, shared the destructive fate of many others at
+that eventful period, and was melted down for cannon. In 1814 the bulb of
+its clapper was outside the door of a blacksmith's shop, as you go out of
+the city towards Dieppe. It was pointed out to me by a friend with whom I
+was then travelling--a gentleman of the neighbourhood, who was at Rouen at
+the time it was brought there--and there, if I mistake not, but I cannot
+find my note, I saw it again within the last ten years.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Rectory, Clyst St. George.
+
+{234}
+
+_Smiths and Robinsons_ (Vol. ix., p. 148.).--Arms of Smith of Curdley, co.
+Lancaster: Argent, a cheveron sable between three roses gules, barbed, vert
+seeded, or.
+
+Robinson (of Yorkshire): Vert, a cheveron between three roebucks trippant
+or. Crest, a roebuck as in the arms. Motto, "Virtute non verbis."
+
+Robinson of Yorkshire, as borne by Lord Rokeby: Vert, on a cheveron or,
+between three bucks trippant of the last, as many quatrefoils gules. Crest,
+a roebuck trippant or.
+
+CID.
+
+_Churchill's Grave_ (Vol. ix., p. 123.).--If I am not mistaken, there is a
+tablet to the memory of Churchill, with a more lengthy inscription, within
+the church of St. Mary, Dover, towards the western end of the south aisle.
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+Before proceeding to notice any of the books which we have received this
+week, we will call the attention of the publishing world to two important
+works which we know to be now wanting a publisher, namely, I. _A
+Syriac-English Lexicon to the New Testament and Book of Psalms_, arranged
+alphabetically, with the derivatives referred to their proper roots, and a
+companion of the principal words in the cognate languages; and II. _A
+Syriac-English Grammar_, translated and abridged from Hoffman's larger
+work.
+
+Samuel Pepys is the dearest old gossip that ever lived; and every new
+edition of his incomparable Diary will serve but to increase his reputation
+as the especial chronicler of his age. Every page of it abounds not only in
+curious indications of the tone and feelings of the times, and the
+character of the writer, but also in most graphic illustrations of the
+social condition of the country. It is this that renders it a work which
+calls for much careful editing and illustrative annotation, and
+consequently gives to every succeeding edition new value. Well pleased are
+we, therefore, to receive from Lord Braybrooke a fourth edition, revised
+and corrected, of the _Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys_. and well
+pleased to offer our testimony to the great care with which its noble
+editor has executed his duties. Thanks to his good judgment, and to the
+great assistance which he acknowledges to have received from Messrs.
+Holmes, Peter Cunningham, Yeowell, &c., his fourth edition is by far the
+best which has yet appeared, and is the one which must hereafter be
+referred to as the standard one. The Index, too, has been revised and
+enlarged, which adds no little to the value of the book.
+
+Mr. Murray has broken fresh ground in his _British Classics_ by the
+publication of the first volume of Gibbon's _Decline and Fall of the Roman
+Empire, with Notes and Preface by Dean Milman and M. Guizot_, and edited,
+with Notes, by Dr. Smith. If the publisher showed good tact in selecting
+Mr. P. Cunningham for editor of _Goldsmith_, he has shown no less in
+entrusting the editing of his new Gibbon to Dr. Smith, whose various
+Dictionaries point him out as peculiarly fitted for such a task. In such
+well practised hands, therefore, there can be little doubt as to the mode
+in which the labour of editing will be conducted; and a very slight glance
+at the getting up of this first volume will serve to prove that, for a
+library edition of Gibbon, while this is the cheapest it will be also the
+handsomest ever offered to the public.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--Macaulay's _Critical and Historical Essays, People's
+Edition_, Part I. The first issue of an edition of these admirable Essays,
+which will, when completed, cost only Seven Shillings! Can cheapness go
+much lower?--_Adventures in the Wilds of North America_, by Charles Lanman,
+_edited_ by C. R. Wild, forming Parts LV. and LVI. of Longman's
+_Traveller's Library_. These adventures, partly piscatorial, are of
+sufficient interest to justify their publication even without the
+_imprimatur_, which they have received, of so good a critic as Washington
+Irving.--Darling's _Cyclopædia Bibliographica_, Part XVII., extends from
+Andrew Rivet to William Shepheard.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+LONDON LABOUR AND LONDON POOR. Nos. XLIV. and LXIV. to End of Work.
+
+MRS. GORE'S BANKER'S WIFE.
+
+TALES BY A BARRISTER.
+
+SCHILLER'S WALLENSTEIN, translated by Coleridge. Smith's Classical Library.
+
+GOETHE'S FAUST (English). Smith's Classical Library.
+
+THE CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. London, 1828. 12mo.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+A MEMOIR OF THE LIFE OF JAMES STANLEY, Seventh Earl of Derby, by W. H.
+Whatton, Esq. Published by Fisher, Newgate Street.
+
+HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ELECTION. London, 1794. 1 Vol. 4to.
+
+  Wanted by _G. Cornewall Lewis_, Kent House, Knightsbridge.
+
+A MAP, PLAN, AND REPRESENTATIONS of Interesting and Remarkable places
+connected with ANCIENT LONDON (large size).
+
+A Copy of an early number of "The Times" Newspaper, or of the "Morning
+Chronicle," "Morning Post," or "Morning Herald." The nearer the
+commencement preferred.
+
+Copies or Facsimiles of other Old Newspapers.
+
+A Copy of THE BREECHES or other Old Bible.
+
+  Wanted by _Mr. Joseph Simpson_, Librarian, Literary and Scientific
+      Institution, Islington, London.
+
+PERCY SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS. Nos. XCIII. and XCIV.
+
+  Wanted by _G. J. Hargreaves_, Stretford, near Manchester.
+
+CAMBRIDGE INSTALLATION ODE, 1835, by Chr. Wordsworth. 4to. Edition.
+
+KITCHENER'S ECONOMY OF THE EYES. Part II.
+
+BROWN'S ANECDOTES OF DOGS.
+
+---- ---- ---- OF ANIMALS.
+
+  Wanted by _Fred. Dinsdale_, Esq., Leamington.
+
+{235}
+
+ENQUIRY AFTER HAPPINESS. The Third Part. By Richard Lucas, D.D. Sixth
+Edition. 1734.
+
+  Wanted by _Rev. John James_, Avington Rectory, Hungerford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+M. "Scarborough Warning."--_This expression has been fully explained in
+our_ First Volume, p. 138.
+
+J. C. B., _who writes respecting_ The Gregorian Tones, _is referred to our_
+Sixth Volume, pp. 99. 178., _and our_ Seventh Volume, p. 136.
+
+R. N. (Liverpool). _There are many letters of Charles I. among the MSS. in
+the British Museum. We do not know where the Cabinet taken at Naseby is
+preserved._
+
+OXON. Entire, _as applied to beer, signifies that it is drawn entirely from
+one butt. Formerly the favourite beer was a mixture of ale or beer and
+twopenny, until a brewer named Harwood produced a beer with the same
+flavour, which he called_ entire _or_ entire butt.
+
+G. W. T. _Old Rowley was the name of a celebrated stallion belonging to
+Charles II._
+
+C. H. N., _who writes respecting_ Royal Arms in Churches, _is referred to
+our_ Sixth Volume passim.
+
+TOM TELL-TALE _is thanked. We are in possession of information respecting
+the drawings in question; but shall be glad to know of any other
+purchasers._
+
+CAVEAT EMPTOR. _We have lately seen a curious pseudo-letter of Cromwell,
+the history of which we may perhaps lay before our readers._
+
+FRANCIS BEAUFORT. _The copy of the_ Biblia Sacra Latina _to which our
+Correspondent refers, is now in the possession of Mr. Brown, bookseller,
+130. Old Street_.
+
+J. O. _We have forwarded the book you so kindly sent to the gentleman for
+whom you intended it._
+
+COMUS _may have a copy of the_ Epitome of Locke _on applying to Mr. Olive
+Lasbury, bookseller, Bristol_.
+
+HUGH HENDERSON (Glasgow). _The fault must be in the quality of your
+pyrogallic. You need have no difficulty in obtaining it pure of some of the
+photographic chemists, and whose advertisements appear in our columns._
+
+A. F. G. (March 1st.). _All papers for photographic purposes improve by
+keeping. When you have thoroughly satisfied yourself of the goodness of a
+sample, secure all you can; it will repay you well by time. Consult our
+advertising columns for your market, which we prefer not to indicate._
+
+_Errata._--Vol. ix., p. 75., col. 1. 9th line, for "previous" read
+"precious"; p. 136., col. 1. line 3, for "carre" read "cane;" p. 200., col.
+1. 12th line from bottom, for "Richard I." read "Henry I."
+
+OUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d.,
+cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up,
+price 4l. 4s.--For these early application is desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS.--A retired Clergyman having been restored to health
+in a few days, after many years of great nervous suffering, is anxious to
+make known to others the MEANS of a CURE; will therefore send free, on
+receiving a stamped envelope, properly addressed, a copy of the
+prescription used.
+
+Direct the REV. E. DOUGLASS, 18. Holland Street, Brixton, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square
+(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
+Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these
+pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,
+signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the
+undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined
+the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great
+pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears
+to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a
+richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while
+the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the
+library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.
+Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E.
+F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.
+Hassé, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.
+Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
+Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry
+Phillips, F. Praegar, K. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, R.
+Roekel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
+
+D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads,
+in iron, brass, japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany, rosewood, and
+walnut-tree woods; also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
+Quilts.
+
+HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.
+
+THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental
+Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
+
+                                            £  s. d.
+  A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent
+    Process                                 1  1  0
+  Additional Copies (each)                  0  5  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (small size)                            3  3  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (larger size)                           5  5  0
+
+Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed
+and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,
+Churches, &c., taken at a short notice.
+
+Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.
+
+Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
+168. New Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARUNDEL SOCIETY.--The Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3), consisting
+of Eight Wood Engravings by MESSRS. DALZIEL, from Mr. W. Oliver Williams'
+Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos at PADUA, is now ready: and Members who
+have not paid their Subscriptions are requested to forward them to the
+Treasurer by Post-Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross Office.
+
+          JOHN J. ROGERS,
+              Treasurer and Hon. Sec.
+  13. & 14. Pall Mall East.
+      March, 1854.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PEOPLE'S EDITION of the ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Invasion
+of Julius Cæsar to the Accession of Queen Victoria. By HUME, SMOLLETT, and
+HUGHES. With Copious Notes, the Author's last Corrections, Improvements,
+and Enlargement. Also Historical Illustrations, Autographs, and Portraits.
+To be published in crown 8vo., Weekly, in Seventy-two Parts, at One
+Shilling each: and in Monthly Volumes, price Four Shillings, bound in
+cloth.
+
+The Publication will commence on the 3rd of April, and be continued
+regularly until the Work is completed.
+
+In accordance with the universal desire of obtaining the best books at the
+cheapest possible price, the Historical Works of HUME, SMOLLETT, and
+HUGHES, are now submitted to the public: it being the object of the
+Publisher to place within the reach of all classes of readers, in a
+succession of weekly parts and monthly volumes, a more complete HISTORY OF
+ENGLAND than any extant.
+
+The eventful period in the annals of Britain which has elapsed since the
+age of Smollett, whose volumes close with the reign of George the Second,
+demands a faithful and impartial record; and this portion of our National
+History, continued by the REV. T. S. HUGHES, late Christian Advocate at
+Cambridge, will be printed from the corrected text of the third octavo
+edition, which was almost entirely rewritten.
+
+The additional volumes, containing a narrative of important events,
+commence with the accession of George the Third, and will be continued to
+the accession of Queen Victoria.
+
+The Work will be completed in eighteen volumes, and embellished with
+numerous Engravings on Steel, entirely re-engraved for this Edition,
+comprising a selection of historical illustrations from Bowyer's History of
+England, and from paintings by the most eminent masters, with portraits of
+all the sovereigns from the Norman Conquest, according to the costume of
+the different ages, and authentic facsimiles of their autographs.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SURPLICES.
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire, has prepared his usual large Supply
+of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of EASTER.
+
+PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway Stations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{236}
+
+COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
+by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and
+uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
+faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent
+in the hands of the photographer.
+
+Albumenised paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
+minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
+
+Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.
+
+Instruction in the Processes.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative
+Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+*** Catalogues sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
+of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
+to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
+employed by
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte
+Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
+Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS,
+Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the Photographic Institution, Bond Street:
+and at the Manufactory as above, where every description of Cameras,
+Slides, and Tripods may be had. The Trade supplied.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 189. Strand, have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
+Post. 1s. 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on
+receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 15. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF SAFES AND LOCKS.--These safes are the most secure from
+force, fraud, and fire. Chubb's locks, with all the recent improvements,
+cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Complete lists, with prices, will be sent
+on application.
+
+CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;
+16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE by MODERATE PREMIUMS.
+
+The SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT of the SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION (the only
+Society in which the advantages of Mutual Assurance can be secured by
+Moderate Premiums) is now Published, and may be had free, on application.
+
+THE RESULTS OF BUSINESS EFFECTED IN 1853 ARE:--
+
+  1. Number of proposals accepted                   716
+
+  2. Amount of new assurances exclusive
+  of annuities                           £309,393  0  0
+                                          -------------
+  3. Amount of annual premiums
+  on new assurances                        £8,038 12  5
+
+  4. Amount of single payments on
+  ditto                                    10,729  2  8
+                                           ------------
+  -------- New premiums received
+  during the year                        £18,767  15  1
+                                         --------------
+  5. Amount of claims by death
+  during the year                         £23,526  5  0
+                                          -------------
+  6. Addition to realised fund, arising
+  entirely from accumulated
+  premiums during the
+  year                                    £50,459  0  0
+                                           ------------
+
+BIENNIAL PROGRESS OF BUSINESS DURING THE LAST TEN YEARS.
+
+           |   Number     |   Amount of   | Accumulated
+  In       |   of New     |      New      | Fund at End
+  Years.   |  Policies.   |   Assurances  | of Period.
+  ---------+--------------+---------------+-------------
+           |              |     £         |      £
+  1844-45  |    658       |  281,082      |   69,009
+  1846-47  |    888       |  404,734      |   95,705
+  1848-49  |    907       |  410,933      |  131,406
+  1850-51  |   1378       |  535,137      |  207,803
+  1852-53  |   1269       |  587,118      |  305,134
+
+MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
+
+THE SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION combines the advantage of Participation
+in the whole Profits with moderate Premiums.
+
+The premiums are as low as those of the non-participating scale of the
+proprietary companies. They admit of being so not only with safety, but
+with ample reversion of profits to the policy-holders, being free from the
+burden of payment of dividend to shareholders.
+
+At the first division of surplus in the present year, bonus additions were
+made to policies which had come within the participating class, varying
+from 20 to 54 per cent. on their amount.
+
+In all points of practice--as in the provision for the indefeasibility of
+policies, facility of licence for travelling or residence abroad, and of
+obtaining advances on the value of the policies--the regulations of the
+Society, as well as the administration, are as liberal as is consistent
+with right principle.
+
+Policies now issued free of stamp duty.
+
+Copies of the last annual report, containing full explanations of the
+principles, may be had on application to the Head Office in Edinburgh; of
+the Society's Provincial Agent: or of the Resident Secretary, London
+Branch.
+
+  JAMES WATSON, Manager.
+  GEORGE GRANT, Resident Secretary.
+
+London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.
+
+The London Branch will be removed on 25th March to the Society's New
+Premises, 66. Gracechurch Street, corner of Fenchurch Street, City.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold. 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       £   s.  d. | Age       £   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8
+   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6
+   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 11,
+1854.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 228, March
+11, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAR 11, 1854 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 32506-8.txt or 32506-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
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