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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 228, March 11, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 228, March 11, 1854
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: May 24, 2010 [EBook #32506]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAR 11, 1854 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian
+Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{213}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 228.]
+SATURDAY, MARCH 11. 1854.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                              Page
+
+  Where are the Wills to be deposited?                         215
+
+  NOTES:--
+
+  "J. R. of Cork"                                              217
+
+  Marmortinto, or Sand-painting                                217
+
+  The Soldier's Discipline, from a Broadside
+  of the Year 1642                                             218
+
+  Leading Articles of Foreign Newspapers                       218
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Materials for a History of Druidism--Domestic
+  Chapels--Ordinary--Thom's Irish Almanac and Official
+  Directory for 1854--Antiquity of the Word "Snub"--Charles
+  I. at Little Woolford--Coincidence between Sir Thomas
+  Browne and Bishop Ken--The English School of Painting--"A
+  Feather in your Cap"                                         219
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Domestic Architecture: Licences to
+  Crenellate, by J. H. Parker                                  220
+
+  Dixon of Beeston, by R. W. Dixon, J.P.                       221
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Atherstone Family--Classic Authors and the
+  Jews--Bishop Hooper's Argument on the Vestment Controversy
+  --The Title of "Dominus"--The De Rous Family--Where was
+  the Fee of S. Sanxon?--Russian Emperors--Episcopal Insignia
+  of the Eastern Church--Amontillado Sherry--Col. Michael
+  Smith's Family--Pronunciation of Foreign Names--Artesian
+  Wells--Norman Towers in London--Papyrus--Mathew, a Cornish
+  Family                                                       221
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Bunyan's Descendants--Epigram
+  on Dennis--Football played on Shrove Tuesday--Vossioner,
+  its Meaning--The Game of Chess--A Juniper Letter             223
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Clarence                                                     224
+
+  Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes                                 225
+
+  Three Fleurs-de-Lys                                          225
+
+  Books burned by the Common Hangman, by C. H. Cooper, &c.     226
+
+  Different Productions of different Carcases                  227
+
+  Vandyke in America, by J. Balch                              228
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Cyanide of Potassium--Mode
+  of exciting Calotype Paper--The Double Iodide Solution:
+  Purity of Photographic Chemicals--Hyposulphite of Soda
+  Baths                                                        230
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Daughters taking their Mothers'
+  Names--The Young Pretender--A Legend of the Hive--Hoby
+  Family--Anticipatory Use of the Cross--Longevity--"Nugget"
+  --The fifth Lord Byron--Wapple, or Whapple-way--The
+  Ducking-stool--Double Christian Names--Pedigree to the
+  Time of Alfred--Palace of Lucifer--Monaldeschi--Anna
+  Lightfoot--Lode, &c.                                         230
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                          234
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 234
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                                    235
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses
+of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.
+
+Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ECLECTIC REVIEW for MARCH, price 1s. 6d., contains:
+
+  1. D'Israeli.--A Literary and Political Biography.
+  2. The Theory of Food.
+  3. The Autobiography of a Dissenting Minister.
+  4. Lord Holland's History of the Whig Party.
+  5. Sanitary Farming.
+  6. St. John's Search of Beauty.
+  7. Christianity, and its Modern Assailants.
+  8. The Caucasus, and the Country between the Euxine and the Caspian.
+      Review of the Month, &c.
+
+THE HOMILIST for MARCH, price 1s., contains:
+
+  1. The Master Impulse of True Progress.
+  2. Hinderance to Prayer. By Rev. David Cook, Dundee.
+  3. The Terrible Hypothesis; or the Irrevocable Fate.
+  4. Saul; or, Humanity Consciously Deserted of God.
+  5. The Widow's Mite; or the Transcendent Worth of True Feeling.
+  6. The Burial of Christ; a Display of Three-fold Power.
+  7. Psalm 47,--the Moral Mirror of the Good.
+  8. The Genius of the Gospel.
+      Reviews, &c.
+
+WARD & CO., 27. Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Valuable LITURGICAL WORKS.
+
+LITURGIES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.--Liturgical Services, 1558-1601; being the
+Liturgies and occasional Forms of Prayer set forth in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth. Now first collected and edited, with Preface and Notes, by WM.
+KEATINGE CLAY, B.D., Canon of Ely. One handsome volume, 8vo., containing
+695 pp. beautifully printed at the Cambridge University Press. Cloth extra,
+price 5s.
+
+Also,
+
+PRIVATE PRAYERS put forth by Authority during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
+Including the Primer of 1559; the Orarium of 1560; the Preces Privatæ,
+1564; the Book of Christian Prayers of 1578; with an Appendix containing
+the Litany of 1544. Now first collected and edited, with Preface and Notes,
+by WM. KEATINGE CLAY, B.D., Canon of Ely. One handsome volume, 8vo.,
+containing 576 pp., beautifully printed at the Cambridge University Press.
+Cloth extra. Price 5s.
+
+London: WILLIAM BROWN, 130, 131, and 132. Old Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE for 1854. THE REVISED AND IMPROVED EDITION
+OF THE PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE for 1854.
+
+By SIR J. BERNARD BURKE, Ulster King of Arms,
+
+Is NOW READY AT ALL THE BOOKSELLERS.
+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO BOOK COLLECTORS.--MILLARD'S CATALOGUE of 10,000 vols. of Second-hand
+Books, Gratis: including Encyclopædia Britannica, 7th and last edition,
+cloth, 16 guineas; another half russia, gilt, 17 Guineas; another, 6th
+edition, calf, fine copy, 12 Guineas. Illustrated London News, complete to
+end of 1853, clean as new, cloth, 13l. 10s. Penny Cyclopædia and
+Supplement, 29 vols., half calf, 7l. 10s. Henry's Bible, by Bickersteth, 6
+vols. 4to., new half calf, 4l. 10s. Dr. Adam Clarke's Bible, 6 vols. cloth,
+new, 2l. 15s. D'Oyly's and Mant's Bible, 3 vols. 4to., new, half calf, 3l.;
+large paper, calf, 3l. 13s. 6d. Nash's Mansions of England, 4 vols. fol.,
+new, half morocco, 8 Guineas. Abbotsford Waverley Novels, 12 vols., new,
+half calf, extra, 9 Guineas. Magistrate's Edition of Statutes, 1835 to
+1852, 18 vols. 4to., half law calf, 6 Guineas. Tegg's London Encyclopædia,
+45 vols., uncut, 4l. 10s. Taylor's Edition of Plato's Works, 5 vols. 4to.,
+half morocco, 5 Guineas.--Libraries purchased.
+
+70. NEWGATE STREET, LONDON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
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+A CATALOGUE OF A COLLECTION OF ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS, comprising
+History, Biography, Fine Arts, Chess, Poetry, Drama, Voyages, and Travels,
+including a Collection of Works relating to America. Offered for Sale at
+the exceedingly low prices for Cash only, by CHARLES SKEET, 10. King
+William Street, Charing Cross.
+
+To be had Gratis on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHOICE AND VALUABLE BOOKS.
+
+MESSRS. UPHAM & BEET (late RODWELL) having recently made great addition to
+their EXTENSIVE STOCK OF BOOKS in all Languages, beg respectfully to invite
+an inspection of them. CATALOGUES are NOW ready, and will be sent by Post
+on receipt of Two Stamps.
+
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ONLY A FEW COPIES REMAINING!
+
+Of the FORMER SERIES of the
+
+JOURNAL OF SACRED LITERATURE. Edited by JOHN KITTO, D.D., F.S.A. In 7 vols.
+8vo., cloth, lettered, comprising some hundreds of original criticisms and
+papers, and Notes and Queries bearing on biblical subjects. Offered till
+the 30th of April, unless all sold previously, for 2l. 2s.
+
+BLACKADER & CO., 13. Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{214}
+
+HISTORICAL WORKS PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS.
+
+THE HISTORY OF EUROPE from 1815 to 1852. By SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON, BART.
+
+To be completed in Five Volumes 8vo., price 15s. each.
+
+          CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.
+
+  Chap. 1. General Sketch of the whole Period.
+
+        2. History of England: 1815-16.
+
+        3. History of France from the Second Restoration of Louis XVIII. to
+            the Ordinance of Sept. 1816.
+
+        4. Domestic History of England: 1817-19.
+
+        5. Progress of Literature, Science, the Arts, &c., after the War.
+
+        6. France from the Coup d'Etat of Sept. 1816 to the Creation of
+            Peers in 1819.
+
+        CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.
+
+  Chap. 7. Spain and Italy: 1814-20.
+
+        8. Russia and Poland 1815-25.
+
+        9. Royalist Reaction in France: 1819-21.
+
+        10. Domestic History of England: 1819-22.
+
+        11. England, France, and Spain, from the Accession of Villèle in
+            1819 to the Congress of Verona in 1822.
+
+        12. Congress of Verona--French Invasion of Spain--Death of Louis
+            XVIII.
+
+(Volume III. will be published in the Spring.)
+
+ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE during the FRENCH REVOLUTION. Library Edition,
+in Fourteen Volumes 8vo., with Portraits, price 10l. 10s.
+
+The SAME WORK in Twenty Volumes post 8vo., price 6l.
+
+PEOPLE'S EDITION of the Same Work now publishing, to be completed in Twelve
+Volumes, price 4s. each.
+
+The ATLAS of 105 Coloured Maps and Plans of Countries, Battles, Sieges, and
+Sea Fights, with a Vocabulary of Military and Marine Terms, to illustrate
+"Alison's Europe." By A. KEITH JOHNSTONE, F.R.S.E. In demy 4to., price 3l.
+3s.; in crown 4to., price 2l. 12s. 6d.
+
+Also, a PEOPLE'S EDITION, now publishing, in Half-a-Crown Parts.
+
+THE EPITOME of ALISON'S EUROPE: for the Use of Schools. Post. 8vo., price,
+7s. 6d. bound.
+
+GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: a Historical View of the Greek Nation, from the
+Time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman
+Empire, B.C. 146, to A.D. 717. By GEORGE FINLAY, Esq. 8vo., 16s.
+
+By the same Author,
+
+HISTORY of the BYZANTINE EMPIRE from DCCXVI. to MLVII. 8vo., 12s. 6d.
+
+By the same Author,
+
+HISTORY OF GREECE, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest by
+the Turks, and of the Empire of Trebizond, 1204-1461. 8vo., 12s. 6d.
+
+By the Author of "Cyril Thornton."
+
+ANNALS OF THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGNS. By THOMAS HAMILTON, Esq. A New Edition,
+edited by F. Hardman, Esq. 8vo., 16s. Atlas of Maps to Illustrate the
+Campaigns, 12s.
+
+LIVES of the QUEENS of SCOTLAND, and ENGLISH PRINCESSES CONNECTED with the
+REGAL SUCCESSION of GREAT BRITAIN. By AGNES STRICKLAND. With Portraits and
+Historical Vignettes. In Six Vols. post 8vo., 10s. 6d. each. Four Volumes
+are published.
+
+45. George Street, Edinburgh; and 37. Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
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+
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+
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+
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+
+Published Weekly, price Three Halfpence, in a neat Wrapper: and may be had
+of all Booksellers in Town and Country, or of the Publishers,
+
+WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE HOME COMPANION for the present Week commences a NEW HISTORICAL ROMANCE,
+with an Illustration: A VIEW AND DESCRIPTION OF SEBASTOPOL AND THE BLACK
+SEA; and other Articles of Interest. Price Three Halfpence.
+
+London: WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+GUI DE ST. FLORE, an Historical Romance, is now publishing in "THE HOME
+COMPANION," an Illustrated Weekly Magazine. Price Three Halfpence.
+
+London: WM. S. ORR & CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row.
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+
+A VISIT TO PORTUGAL AND MADEIRA. By the LADY EMMELINE STUART WORTLEY. Post
+8vo., cloth, 10s. 6d.
+
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+
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+193. Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day is published,
+
+HISTORY OF THE FRENCH PROTESTANT REFUGEES, FROM THE REVOCATION OF THE EDICT
+OF NANTES. By CHARLES WEISS, Professor of History in the Lycée Buonaparte.
+Translated, with the assistance of the Author, by FREDERICK HARDMAN. In
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+
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+
+[Greek: Pollai men thnêtois Glôttai, mia d' Athanatoisin]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{215}
+
+WHERE ARE THE WILLS TO BE DEPOSITED?
+
+The difficulties thrown in the way of all literary and historical
+inquiries, by the peculiar constitution of the Prerogative Office, Doctors'
+Commons, have long been a subject of just complaint. An attempt was made by
+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, in 1848, to procure their removal, by a Memorial
+addressed to the Archbishop of Canterbury, which we now print, because it
+sets forth, plainly and distinctly, the nature and extent of those
+difficulties.
+
+    "To the Most Rev. and the Right Hon. The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.
+
+    "The humble Memorial of the President and Council of the Camden
+    Society, respectfully showeth,
+
+    "That the Camden Society was instituted in the year 1838, for the
+    publication of early historical and literary remains.
+
+    "It has the honour to be patronised by H.R.H. the Prince Albert; and
+    has supported, from its institution, by the countenance and
+    subscription of your Grace's predecessor in the See of Canterbury.
+
+    "The Society has published forty volumes of works relating to English
+    History, and continues to be actively engaged in researches connected
+    with the same important branch of literature.
+
+    "In the course of its proceedings, the Society has had brought under
+    its notice the manner in which the regulations of the Prerogative
+    Office in Doctors' Commons interfere with the accuracy and completeness
+    of works in the preparation of which the Council is now engaged, and
+    with the pursuits and labours of all other historical inquirers; and
+    they beg leave respectfully to submit to your Grace the results of
+    certain investigations which they have made upon the subject.
+
+    "Besides the original wills deposited in the Office of the Prerogative
+    Court, there is kept in the same repository a long series of register
+    books, containing copies of wills entered chronologically from A.D.
+    1383 to the present time. These registers or books of entry fall
+    practically into two different divisions or classes. The earlier and
+    the latter books contain information suited to the wants of totally
+    different kinds of persons, and applicable to entirely different
+    purposes. Their custody is also of very different importance to the
+    office. The class which is first both in number of books and in
+    importance contains entries of modern wills. These are daily consulted
+    by relatives of testators, by claimants and solicitors, principally for
+    legal purposes, and yield a large revenue to the office in fees paid
+    for searches, inspections, and copies. The second class, which
+    comprises a comparatively small number of volumes, contains entries of
+    ancient wills, dated before the period during which wills are now
+    useful for legal purposes. These are never consulted by lawyers or
+    claimants, nor do they yield any revenue to the office, save an
+    occasional small receipt from the Camden Society, or from some similar
+    body, or private literary inquirer.
+
+    "With respect to the original wills, and the entries of modern wills,
+    your memorialists beg to express clearly that this application is not
+    designed to have any reference to them. Your memorialists confine their
+    remarks exclusively to the books of entries of those ancient wills
+    which have long and unquestionably ceased to be useful for legal
+    purposes.
+
+    "These entries of ancient wills are of the very highest importance to
+    historical inquirers. They abound with illustrations of manners and
+    customs; they exhibit in the most authentic way the state of religion,
+    the condition of the various classes of the people, and of society in
+    general; they are invaluable to the lexicographer, the genealogist, the
+    topographer, the biographer,--to historical writers of every order and
+    kind. They constitute the most important depository in existence of
+    exact information relating to events and persons of the period to which
+    they relate.
+
+    "But all this information is unavailable in consequence of the
+    regulations of the office in which the wills are kept. All the books of
+    entry, both of ancient and modern wills, are kept together, and can
+    only be consulted in the same department of the same office, in the
+    same manner and subject to precisely the same restrictions and the same
+    payments. No distinction is made between the fees to be paid by a
+    literary person who wishes to make a few notes from wills, perhaps
+    three or four hundred years old, in order to rectify a fact, a name, a
+    date, or to establish the proper place of a descent in a pedigree, or
+    the exact meaning of a doubtful word, and the fees to be paid by the
+    person who wants a copy of a will proved yesterday as evidence of a
+    right to property perhaps to be established in a court of justice. No
+    extract is allowed to be made, not even of a word or a date, except the
+    names of the executors and the date of the will. Printed statements in
+    historical books, which refer to wills, may not be compared with the
+    wills as entered; even ancient copies of wills handed down for many
+    generations in the families of the testators, may not be examined in
+    the registered wills without paying the office for making new and
+    entire copies.
+
+    "No such restrictions exclude literary inquirers from the British
+    Museum, where there are papers equally valuable. The Public Record
+    Offices are all open, either gratuitously or upon payment of easy fees.
+    The Secretary of State for the Home Department grants permission of
+    access to her Majesty's State Paper Office. Your Grace's predecessor
+    gave the Camden Society free access to the registers of wills at
+    Lambeth--documents exactly similar to those at Doctors' Commons. The
+    Prerogative Office is, probably, the only public office in the kingdom
+    which is shut against literary inquirers.
+
+    "The results of such regulations are obvious. The ancient wills at
+    Doctors' Commons not being accessible to those to whom alone they are
+    useful, yield scarcely any fees to the office; historical inquirers are
+    discouraged; errors remain uncorrected; statements of facts in
+    historical works are obliged to be left uncertain and incomplete; the
+    researches of the Camden Society and other similar societies are
+    thwarted; and all historical inquirers regard the condition of the
+    Prerogative Office as a great literary grievance.
+
+    {216}
+
+    "The President and Council of the Camden Society respectfully submit
+    these circumstances to your Grace with a full persuasion that nothing
+    which relates to the welfare of English historical literature can be
+    uninteresting either to your Grace personally, or to the Church over
+    which you preside; and they humbly pray your Grace that such changes
+    may be made in the regulations of the Prerogative Office as may
+    assimilate its practice to that of the Public Record Office, so far as
+    regards the inspection of the books of entry of ancient wills, or that
+    such other remedy may be applied to the inconveniences now stated as to
+    your Grace may seem fit.
+
+      "(Signed)  BRAYBROOKE, President.
+      THOMAS AMYOT, Director.
+      HENRY ELLIS.
+      J. PAYNE COLLIER, Treas.
+      HARRY VERNEY.
+      H. H. MILMAN.
+      JOSEPH HUNTER.
+      WILLIAM J. THOMS, Sec.
+      CHS. PURTON COOPER.
+      THOS. STAPLETON.
+      WM. DURRANT COOPER.
+      PETER LEVESQUE.
+      THOS. J. PETTIGREW.
+      JOHN BRUCE.
+      BERIAH BOTFIELD.
+      BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+      _25. Parliament Street, Westminster,_
+      _13 April, 1848._"
+
+As the Archbishop stated his inability to afford any relief, THE CAMDEN
+SOCIETY availed themselves of the appointment of the Commission to inquire
+into the Law and Jurisdiction of the Ecclesiastical and other Courts in
+relation to Matters Testamentary, to address to those Commissioners, in the
+month of January, 1853, a Memorial, of which the following is a copy:
+
+    "To the Right Honourable and Honourable the Commissioners appointed by
+    Her Majesty to inquire into the Law and Jurisdiction of the
+    Ecclesiastical and other Courts in relation to Matters Testamentary.
+
+    "My Lords and Gentlemen,
+
+    "We, the undersigned, being the President and Council of the Camden
+    Society, for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary Remains,
+    beg to submit to your consideration a copy of a Memorial presented on
+    the 13th April, 1848, by the President and then Council of this
+    Society, to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, praying that such
+    changes might be made in the regulations of the Prerogative Office as
+    might assimilate its practice to that of the Public Record Office, so
+    far as regards the inspection of the books of entry of ancient Wills,
+    or that such other remedy might be applied to the inconveniences stated
+    in that Memorial as to his Grace might seem fit.
+
+    "In reply to that Memorial his Grace was pleased to inform the
+    Memorialists that he had no control whatever over the fees taken in the
+    Prerogative Office.
+
+    "The Memorialists had not adopted the course of applying to his Grace
+    the Archbishop until they had in vain endeavoured to obtain from the
+    authorities of the Prerogative Office, Messrs. Dyneley, Iggulden, and
+    Gostling, some modification of their rules in favour of literary
+    inquirers. The answer of his Grace the Archbishop left them, therefore
+    without present remedy.
+
+    "The grievance complained of continues entirely unaltered up to the
+    present time.
+
+    "In all other public repositories to which in the course of our
+    inquiries we have had occasion to apply, we have found a general and
+    predominant feeling of the national importance of the cultivation of
+    literature, and especially of that branch of it which relates to the
+    past history of our own country. Every one seems heartily willing to
+    promote historical inquiries. The Public Record Offices are now opened
+    to persons engaged in literary pursuits by arrangements of the most
+    satisfactory and liberal character. His Grace the Archbishop of
+    Canterbury gives permission to literary men to search such of the early
+    registers of his See as are in his own possession at Lambeth. Access is
+    given to the registers of the Bishop of London; and throughout the
+    kingdom private persons having in their possession historical documents
+    are almost without exception not only willing but anxious to assist our
+    inquiries. The authorities of the Prerogative Office in Doctors'
+    Commons, perhaps, stand alone in their total want of sympathy with
+    literature, and in their exclusion of literary inquirers by stringent
+    rules, harshly, and in some instances even offensively, enforced.
+
+              "We have the honour to be,
+          "My Lords and Gentlemen,
+      "Your most obedient and very humble servants,
+
+      (Signed) BRAYBROOKE, President.
+      JOHN BRUCE, Director.
+      C. PURTON COOPER.
+      J. PAYNE COLLIER, Treas.
+      W. R. DRAKE.
+      EDWD. FOSS.
+      PETER LEVESQUE.
+      STRANGFORD.
+      W. H. BLAAUW.
+      W. DURRANT COOPER.
+      BOLTON CORNEY.
+      HENRY ELLIS.
+      LAMBERT B. LARKING.
+      FREDK. OUVRY.
+      WM. J. THOMS, Sec.
+
+      _25. Parliament Street, Westminster,_
+      _January, 1853._"
+
+A Report from that Commission has been laid before Parliament; and a Bill
+for carrying into effect the recommendations contained in such Report, and
+transferring the powers of the Prerogative Court to the Court of Chancery,
+has been introduced into the House of Lords. The Bill contains no specific
+enactments as to the custody of the Wills.
+
+Now, therefore, is the time for all who are interested in Historical Truth
+to use their best endeavours to procure the insertion of such clauses as
+shall place the Wills under the same custody as the other Judicial Records
+of the country, namely, that of Her Majesty's Keeper of Records.
+
+With Literature represented in the House of Lords by a Brougham and a
+Campbell, in the Commons by a Macaulay, a Bulwer, and a D'Israeli, let but
+the real state of the case be once made public, and we have no fear but
+that the interests of English Historical Literature will be cared for and
+maintained.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{217}
+
+Notes.
+
+"J. R. OF CORK."
+
+My gifted and lamented countryman "The Roscoe of Cork"[1] deserves more
+notice in these pages, which he has enriched by his contributions, than the
+handsome obituary of our Editor (Vol. vii., p. 394.); so a few words is
+with reference to him may be acceptable.
+
+MR. JAMES ROCHE was born in Limerick some eighty-three years ago, of an
+ancient and wealthy family. At an early period of his life he was sent to
+France, and educated in the Catholic College of Saintes. After completing
+his studies, and paying a short visit to Ireland, he settled in Bordeaux,
+where he became acquainted with the most distinguished leaders of the
+Girondists.
+
+MR. ROCHE was in Paris during the horrors of the first Revolution, and in
+1793 was arrested there as a British subject, but was released on the death
+of Robespierre. For some years after his liberation, he passed his time
+between Paris and Bordeaux. At the close of the last century, he returned
+to Ireland; and commenced business in Cork as a banker, in partnership with
+his brother. He resided in a handsome country seat near the river Lee, and
+there amassed a splendid library.
+
+About the year 1816, a relative of mine, a wealthy banker in the same city,
+got into difficulties, and met with the kindest assistance from MR. ROCHE.
+In 1819 his own troubles came on, and a monetary crisis ruined him as well
+as many others. All his property was sold, and his books were brought to
+the hammer, excepting a few with which his creditors presented him. I have
+often tried, but without success, to get a copy of the auction catalogue,
+which contained many curious lots,--amongst others, I am informed, Swift's
+own annotated copy of _Gulliver's Travels_, which MR. ROCHE purchased in
+Cork for a few pence, but which produced pounds at the sale. MR. ROCHE,
+after this, resided for some time in London as parliamentary agent. He also
+spent several years in Paris, and witnessed the revolution of 1830.
+Eventually he returned to Cork, where he performed the duties of a
+magistrate and director of the National Bank, until his death in the early
+part of 1853.
+
+MR. ROCHE was intimately acquainted with many of the great men and events
+of his time, especially with everything concerning modern French history
+and literature.
+
+MR. ROCHE was remarkable for accurate scholarship and extensive learning:
+the affability of his manners, and the earnestly-religious tone of his
+mind, enhanced his varied accomplishments.
+
+For a number of years he contributed largely to various periodicals, such
+as the _Gentleman's Magazine_, the _Dublin Review_, and the _Literary
+Gazette_; and the signature of "J. R. of Cork" was welcome to all, while it
+puzzled many.
+
+In 1851 he printed _for private circulation_, _Essays Critical and
+Miscellaneous_, by an Octogenarian, 2 vols.; printed by G. Nash, Cork. Some
+of these Essays are reprints, others are printed for the first time. The
+work was reviewed in the _Dublin Review_ for October, 1851.
+
+A "Sketch of J. R. of Cork" was published in July, 1848, in Duffy's _Irish
+Catholic Magazine_, which I have made use of in this Note. My object in the
+present Note is to suggest that MR. ROCHE'S Reminiscences and Essays should
+be given to the public, from whom I am well assured they would receive a
+hearty welcome.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+[Footnote 1: MR. ROCHE is thus happily designated by the Rev. Francis
+Mahony in _The Prout Papers_.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARMORTINTO, OR SAND-PAINTING.
+
+There appeared in a late number of _The Family Friend_, an article on the
+above process. The writer attributes its invention to Benjamin Zobel of
+Bavaria; and states, that although some few persons have attempted its
+revival, in no instance has success attended such efforts. This is not
+correct. There was a German confectioner to King George III. whom I knew
+well. His name was Haas; and those acquainted with Bristol will recollect
+his well-frequented shop, nearly opposite the drawbridge on the way to
+College Green, where he resided forty years ago, after retiring from his
+employment at Court. There he was often engaged in decorating ceilings,
+lying on his back for weeks together on a scaffold for the purpose. He also
+ornamented the plateaus for the royal table; and he understood the art of
+sand-painting, and practised it in the highest perfection. Whether he
+preceded Zobel, or came after him, at Windsor Castle, I cannot tell; but I
+can testify that he was perfect master of the art in question. I have seen
+him at work upon his sand-pictures. He had the marble dust of every
+gradation of colour in a large box, divided into small compartments; and he
+applied it to the picture by dropping it from small cones of paper.
+
+The article in _The Family Friend_ describes the process of Zobel to have
+consisted of a previous coating of the panel for the picture with a
+glutinous solution, over which the marble dust was strewed from a piece of
+cord. Haas used small cones of paper; and my impression from seeing him at
+work was, that he sprinkled the sand on the dry panel, and fixed the whole
+finally at once by some process which he kept a secret. For I remember how
+careful he was to prevent the window or door from being opened, so as to
+cause a draught, before he had fixed his picture; and I {218} have heard
+him lament the misfortune of having had one or two pictures blown away in
+this manner.
+
+The effect of his sand-pictures was extraordinary. They stood out in bold
+relief, and with a brilliancy far surpassing any oil painting. As may be
+supposed, this style of painting was particularly adapted for landscapes
+and rocky scenery; and it enabled the artist to finish foliage with a
+richness which nothing could surpass. Mr. Haas' collection of his
+sand-paintings was a rich treat to inspect. After his death, they were sold
+and dispersed; but many must be found in the collections of gentlemen in
+Bristol and its neighbourhood.
+
+F. C. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE SOLDIER'S DISCIPLINE, FROM A BROADSIDE OF THE YEAR 1642.
+
+    "_The Grounds of Military Discipline: or, Certain Brief Rules for the
+    Exercising of a Company or Squadron._
+
+          _Observed by all._
+
+  In march, in motion, troop or stand,
+  Observe both leader and right hand;
+  With silence note in what degree
+  You in the body placed be:
+  That so you may, without more trouble,
+  Know where to stand, and when to double.
+
+          _Distances._
+
+  True distance keep in files, in ranks
+  Open close to the front, reare, flanks,
+  Backward, forward, to the right, left, or either,
+  Backward and forward both together.
+  To the right, left, outward or in,
+  According to directions given.
+  To order, close, open, double,
+  Distance, distance, double, double:
+  For this alone prevents distraction,
+  And giveth lustre to the action.
+
+          _Facings._
+
+  Face to the right, or to the left, both wayes to the reare,
+  Inward, outward, and as you were:
+  To the front, reare, flanks, and peradventure
+  To every angle, and to the centre.
+
+          _Doublings._
+
+  To bring more hands in the front to fight,
+  Double ranks unto the right,
+  Or left, or both, if need require,
+  Direct divisionall or intire:
+  By doubling files accordingly,
+  Your flanks will strengthened be thereby.
+  Halfe files and bringers-up likewise
+  To the front may double, none denies;
+  Nor would it very strange appear
+  For th' front half files or double the reare:
+  The one half ranks to double the other,
+  Thereby to strengthen one the other.
+
+          _Countermarches._
+
+  But lest I should seen troublesome,
+  To countermarches next I come.
+  Which, though they many seem to be,
+  Are all included in these three:
+  Maintaining, gaining, losing ground,
+  And severall wayes to each is found:
+  By which their proper motion's guided,
+  In files, in ranks, in both divided.
+
+          _Wheeling._
+
+  Wheel your batten ere you fight,
+  For better advantage to the right,
+  Or left, or round about
+  To either angle, or where you doubt
+  Your enemie will first oppose you;
+  And therefore unto their Foot close you.
+  Divisionall wheeling I have seen
+  In sundrie places practis'd been,
+  To alter either form or figure,
+  By wheeling severall wayes together.
+  And, had I time to stand upon 't,
+  I'de wheele my wings into the front.
+  By wheeling flanks into the reare,
+  They'll soon reduce them as they were.
+  Besides, it seems a pretty thing
+  To wheel, front, and reare to either wing:
+  Wheele both wings to the reare and front;
+  Face to the reare, and having done 't,
+  Close your divisions; even your ranks,
+  Wheel front and reare into both flanks:
+  And thus much know, cause, note I'll smother,
+  To one wheeling doth reduce the other.
+
+          _Conversion and Inversion._
+
+  One thing more and I have done;
+  Let files rank by conversion:
+  To th' right, or th' left, to both, and then
+  Ranks by conversion fill again:
+  Troop for the colours, march, prepare for fight,
+  Behave yourselves like men, and so good night.
+
+The summe of all that hath been spoken may be comprised thus:
+
+  Open, close, face, double, countermarch, wheel, charge, retire;
+  Invert, convert, reduce, trope, march, make readie, fire."
+
+ANON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LEADING ARTICLES OF FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.
+
+The foreign correspondence of the English press is an invaluable feature of
+that mighty engine of civilisation and progress, for which the world cannot
+be too thankful; but as the agents in it at Paris, Berlin, Vienna, &c., are
+more or less imbued with the insular views and prejudices which they carry
+with them from England, Scotland, or Ireland, it were well if the daily
+journals devoted more attention than they do to the _leading articles_ of
+the Continental press, which is frequently distinguished by great ability
+and interest, and would {219} enable Englishmen, not versed in foreign
+languages, to judge, from another point of view, of Continental
+affairs--now becoming of surpassing interest and importance. Translations
+or abstracts of the leading articles of _The Times_, _Morning Chronicle_,
+_Morning Post_, &c., are constantly to be met with in the best foreign
+papers. Why should not our great London papers more frequently gratify
+their readers with articles from the pens of their Continental brotherhood?
+This would afford an opportunity also of correcting the false statements,
+or replying to the erroneous judgments put forth and circulated abroad by
+writers whose distinguished position enables them, unintentionally no
+doubt, to do the more mischief. A surprising change for the better,
+however, as respects Great Britain, is manifest in the tone and information
+of the foreign press of late years. Let us cherish this good feeling by a
+corresponding demeanour on our part.
+
+ALPHA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Materials for a History of Druidism.--_
+
+    "It would be a commendable, useful, and easy task to collect what the
+    ancients have left us on the subject of Druidism. Such a collection
+    would form a very small but interesting volume. It would supersede, in
+    every library, the idle and tedious dreams and conjectures of the
+    Stukeleys, the Borlases, the Rowlands, the Vallanceys, the Davies's,
+    the Jones's, and the Whitakers. Toland's work on the Druids, though far
+    from unexceptionable, has more solid intelligence than any other modern
+    composition of its kind. It is a pity that he or some other person has
+    not given as faithful translations of the Irish Christian MSS. which he
+    mentions, as these have, no doubt, preserved much respecting Druidical
+    manners and superstitions, of which many vestiges are still existing,
+    though not of the kind usually referred to."
+
+    "The Roman history of Britain can only be collected from the Roman
+    writers; and what they have left is very short indeed. It might be
+    disposed of in the way recommended for the History of the
+    Druids."--Douce's notes on Whitaker's _History of Manchester_, vol. i.
+    p. 136. of Corrections in Book i., ibid. p. 148.
+
+ANON.
+
+_Domestic Chapels._--There is an interesting example of a domestic chapel,
+with an upper chamber over it for the chaplain's residence, and a ground
+floor underneath it for some undiscoverable purpose, to be seen contiguous
+to an ancient farm-house at Ilsam, in the parish of St. Mary Church, in the
+county of Devon.
+
+The structure is quite ecclesiastical in its character, and appears to have
+been originally, as now, detached from the family house, or only connected
+with it by a short passage leading to the floor on which the chapel itself
+stood.
+
+JOHN JAMES.
+
+_Ordinary._--The following is a new meaning for the word _ordinary_:--"Do
+ye come in and see my poor man, for he is _piteous ordinary_ to-day." This
+speech was addressed to me by a poor woman who wished me to go and see her
+husband. He was ordinary enough, although she had adorned his head with a
+_red_ night-cap; but her meaning was evidently that he was far from well;
+and Johnson's _Dictionary_ does not give this signification to the word.
+
+A cottage child once told me that the dog opened his mouth "a power wide."
+
+[Old English W. N.]
+
+_Thom's Irish Almanac and Official Directory for 1854._--In the
+advertisement prefixed to this valuable compilation, which, according to
+the _Quarterly Review_, "contains more information about Ireland than has
+been collected in one volume in any country," we may find the following
+words:
+
+    "All parliamentary and official documents procurable, have been
+    collected; and their contents, so far as they bore on the state of the
+    country, carefully abstracted; and where any deficiencies have been
+    observable, the want has been supplied by applications to private
+    sources, which, in every instance, have been most satisfactorily
+    answered. He [Mr. Thom] is also indebted to similar applications to the
+    ruling authorities of the several religious persuasions _for the
+    undisputed accuracy of the ecclesiastical department of the Almanac_."
+
+I wish to call attention to the latter words; and in so doing, I assure
+you, I feel only a most anxious desire to see some farther improvements
+effected by Mr. Thom.
+
+I cannot allow "the undisputed accuracy of the ecclesiastical department,"
+inasmuch as I have detected, even on a cursory examination, very many
+inaccuracies which a little care would certainly have prevented. For
+example, in p. 451. (_Ecclesiastical Directory_, Established Church and
+Diocese of Dublin), there are at least five grave mistakes, and four in the
+following page. These pages I have taken at random. I could easily point
+out other pages equally inaccurate; but I have done enough I think to
+prove, that while I willingly accord to the enterprising publisher the full
+meed of praise he so well deserves, a little more attention should be paid
+in future to the preparation of the ecclesiastical department.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+_Antiquity of the Word "Snub."_--
+
+    "Beware we then euer of discontente, and _snubbe_ it betimes, least it
+    overthrowe us as it hath done manie."
+
+    "Such _snubs_ as these be little cloudes."--_Comfortable Notes on
+    Genesis_, by Gervase Babington, Bishop of Exeter, 1596.
+
+J. R. P.
+
+_Charles I. at Little Woolford._--There is an ancient house at Little
+Woolford (in the {220} southeast corner of Warwickshire) connected with
+which is a tradition that Charles I., after the battle of Edge Hill, which
+is not far distant, secreted himself in an oven there. This oven is
+preserved for the inspection of the curious.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_Coincidences between Sir Thomas Browne and Bishop Ken._--Sir Thomas Browne
+wrote his _Religio Medici_ in 1533-5; and in it suggested some familiar
+verses of the "Evening Hymn" of his brother Wykehamist Bishop Ken. The
+lines are as follows:
+
+      _Sir Thomas Browne._
+
+  "Guard me 'gainst those watchful foes,
+  Whose eyes are open, while mine close;
+  Let no dreams my head infest,
+  But such as Jacob's temples blest:
+  Sleep is a death: oh, make me try,
+  By sleeping, what it is to die!
+  And as gently lay my head
+  On my grave, as now my bed.
+  Howe'er I rest, great God, let me
+  Awake again at last with Thee."
+
+      _Bishop Ken._
+
+  "Let no ill dreams disturb my rest;
+  No powers of darkness me molest.
+  Teach me to live, that I may dread
+  The grave as little as my bed:
+  Teach me to die, that so I may
+  Rise glorious at the awful day.
+  Oh, may my soul on Thee repose,
+  And with sweet sleep mine eyelids close;
+  Sleep that may me more vigorous make,
+  To serve my God when I awake."
+
+I have never seen this curious coincidence noticed by any of the good
+bishop's biographers, Hawkins, Bowles, or Mr. Anderdon.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+_The English School of Painting._--In a note to a volume of poems by Victor
+Hugo, published in 1836, occur these remarks:
+
+    "M. Louis Boulanger, à qui ces deux ballades sont dédiées, s'est placé
+    bien jeune au premier rang de cette nouvelle génération de peintres,
+    qui promet d'élever notre école au niveau des magnifiques écoles
+    d'Italie, d'Espagne, de Flandre, et d'Angleterre."
+
+Does this praise of the English school of painting show a correct
+appreciation of its claims to distinction? or am I in error in supposing,
+as I have done, that our school of painting is not entitled to the pompous
+epithet of "magnifique," nor to be named in the same category with the
+Italian, Spanish, and Flemish schools? I am aware of the hackneyed and
+somewhat hyperbolical employment, by French writers and speakers, of such
+terms as _magnifique_, _superbe_, _grandiose_; and that they do not convey
+to a French ear the same idea of superiority, as they do to our more sober
+English judgment; but making every allowance on this score, I confess I was
+not a little startled to find such a term as _magnifique_, even in its most
+moderate acceptation, applied to our efforts in that branch of art.
+_Magnifique_, in truth, must be our school, when the French can condescend
+to speak of it in such language!
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+"_A Feather in your Cap._"--My good friend Dr. Wolff mentioned in
+conversation a circumstance (also stated, I fancy, in his _Journey to
+Bokhara_) which seemed to afford a solution of the common expression,
+"That's a feather in your cap." I begged he would give it me in writing,
+and he has done so. "The Kaffr Seeyah Poosh (meaning the infidels in black
+clothing) living around Cabul upon the height of the mountains of the
+Himalaya, who worship a god called Dagon and Imra, are great enemies of the
+Muhamedans; and for each Muhamedan they kill, they wear a feather in their
+heads. The same is done among the Abyssinians and Turcomans."
+
+Has the feather head-dress of the American Indian, and the eagle's feather
+in the bonnet of the Highlander, any connexion with keeping a score of the
+deaths of the enemies or game they have killed?
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE: LICENCES TO CRENELLATE.
+
+Previous to the publication of the second volume of the _Domestic
+Architecture of the Middle Ages_, you were kind enough to insert some
+Queries for me respecting existing remains of houses of the fourteenth
+century, which elicited some useful Notes, partly through your columns and
+partly from private friends who were thus reminded of my wants. I am now
+preparing for the press the third and concluding volume of that work,
+comprising the period from the reign of Richard II. to that of Henry VIII.
+inclusive. I shall be glad of information of any houses of that period
+remaining in a tolerably perfect state, in addition to those mentioned in
+the _Glossary of Architecture_. I have reason to believe that there are
+many; and one class, the halls of the different guilds, seem to have been
+generally overlooked.
+
+With the kind assistance of Mr. Duffus Hardy, I have obtained a complete
+list of the licences to crenellate contained in the Patent Rolls, and some
+other records preserved in the Tower. Most of these have the name of the
+county annexed; but there are a few, of which I add a list, in which no
+county is mentioned, and local information is necessary in order to
+identify them. Perhaps some {221} of your numerous readers will be able to
+assist me.
+
+_Licences to Crenellate._
+
+  +------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
+  |When granted.           | Name of Place.       | To whom granted.      |
+  +------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
+  | 22 Edward I.           | Melton.              | John de Cokefeld.     |
+  | 17 Edward II.          | Molun.               | Raymond de Grismak.   |
+  | 5 Edward III.          | Newton in Makerfeld. | Robert de Langeton.   |
+  | 9 Edward III.          | Esselyngton.         | Robert de Esselyngton.|
+  | 12 Edward III.         | Cublesdon.           | John Trussell.        |
+  |     Ditto.             | La Beche.            | Nicholas de la Beche. |
+  |     Ditto.             | Beaumes.             |     Ditto.            |
+  | 15 Edward III.         | Pringham.            | Reginald de Cobham.   |
+  |     Ditto.             | Orkesdene.           |     Ditto.            |
+  |     Ditto.             | Stanstede.           | Robert Burghchier.    |
+  | 16 Edward III.         | Credonio.            | Bernard de Dalham.    |
+  |     Ditto.             | Heyheved.            | William Lengleys.     |
+  | 18 Edward III.         | Chevelyngham.        | Thomas de Aeton.      |
+  +------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
+
+J. H. PARKER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DIXON OF BEESTON.
+
+Will the Editor be kind enough to insert the accompanying letter, for _if
+true_ it is worthy of a place in the heraldic portion of "N. & Q.," and _if
+not true_, its imposture should stand recorded? On receiving it I sent a
+copy to my brother, Mr. J. H. Dixon, an able antiquary, and late of the
+council of the Percy Society, who, somewhat too hastily I think, and
+without sufficient proof, rejected the information offered. That the family
+which my brother represents is a "good old" one, is sufficiently attested
+by the pedigree furnished by Thoresby in the _Ducatus Leodiensis_, and
+thence copied by Mr. Burke in his _Landed Gentry_; but of its earlier
+history there is no reliable account, unless that by Mr. Spence can be
+considered such.
+
+I shall feel very much obliged if any of your correspondents learned in the
+genealogies of Yorkshire and Cheshire could either corroborate the
+genuineness of the information tendered by Mr. Spence, or prove the
+reverse; and it is only fair to that gentleman to add that he is entitled
+to credibility on the written testimony of the Rev. Mr. Knox, Incumbent of
+Birkenhead.
+
+R. W. DIXON, J.P.
+
+Seaton Carew, co. Durham.
+
+      Sir,
+
+    Having been engaged by Miss Cotgreave, of Notherlegh House, near
+    Chester, to inspect and arrange the title-deeds and other documents
+    which belonged to her father, the late Sir John Cotgreave, I find a
+    very ancient pedigree of the Cotgreaves de Hargrave in that county;
+    which family became extinct in the direct male line in the year 1724,
+    but which was represented through females by the above Sir J. C.
+
+    It is the work of the great Camden, anno 1598, from documents in the
+    possession of the Cotgreave family, and contains the descents of five
+    generations of the Dixons of Beeston, in the county of York, and
+    Congleton, Cheshire, together with their marriages and armorial
+    bearings, commencing with "Ralph Dixon, Esq., de Beeston and Congleton,
+    living temp. Hen. VI., who was slain whilst fighting on the part of the
+    Yorkists, at the battle of Wakefield, A.D. 1460."
+
+    Presuming that you are descended from this ancient family, I will (if
+    you think proper) transmit to you extracts from the aforesaid pedigree,
+    as far as relates to your distinguished progenitors, conditionally that
+    you remunerate me for the information and definition of the armorial
+    bearings, there being five shields, containing twelve quarterings
+    connected with the family of Dixon.
+
+    Miss Cotgreave will allow me to make the extracts, and has kindly
+    consented to attest the same.
+
+    The arms of Dixon, as depicted in the Cotgreave pedigree, are "Sable, a
+    fleur-de-lis or, a chief ermine," quartering the ensigns of the noble
+    houses of "Robert Fitz-Hugh, Baron of Malpas in the county of Chester,
+    temp. William the Conqueror; Eustace Crewe de Montalt, Lord of
+    Hawarden, Flintshire, during the said reign; Robert de Umfreville, Lord
+    of Tours, and Vian, and Reddesdale, in Northumberland, who flourished
+    in the same reign also; Pole, Talboys, Welles, Latimer," and others.
+
+    In the pedigree, Camden states that the aforesaid "Ralph Dixon
+    quartered the ensigns of the above noble families in right of his
+    mother Maude, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Ralph Fitz-Hugh de
+    Congleton and Elton in the county palatine of Chester."
+
+          I have the honour to be, Sir,
+              Your very obedient humble servant,
+                  WILLIAM SIDNEY SPENCE.
+      Priory Place, Birkenhead,
+              Chester.
+          Dec. 14. 1848.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Atherstone Family._--Can any of your readers oblige me with information
+concerning the Atherstone family? Is it an old name, or was it first given
+some three or four generations back to a foundling, picked up near the town
+of Atherston?
+
+M. A. B.
+
+_Classic Authors and the Jews._--Where can I find a complete or full
+account of passages in Greek and Latin authors, which refer to Judea and
+the Jews? It has been said that these references are very few, and that in
+Cicero, for instance, there is not one. This last is wrong, I know. (See
+_e.g._ Cic. _Pro L. Flacco_, 28., and _De Prov. Consul. 5._)
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_Bishop Hooper's Argument on the Vestment Controversy._--Glocester Ridley,
+in his _Life of Bishop Ridley_, p. 315., London, 1763, states, in reference
+to Bishop Hooper's _Book to the Council against the use of those Habits
+which were then used by the Church of England in her sacred Ministries_,
+written October, 1550, "Part of Hooper's book I have by me in MS." Could
+any one state whether that MS. is now in existence, or where it is to be
+found? It is of much importance to obtain {222} an answer to this inquiry,
+as Bishop Ridley's MS. Reply to Bishop Hooper is, for the first time, about
+to be printed by the Parker Society, through the kind permission of its
+possessor, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., in the second volume of the
+Writings of Bradford which I am editing; and, to make Ridley's reply fully
+intelligible, access is needed to Bishop Hooper's _Book to the Council_.
+
+A. TOWNSEND.
+
+Weston Lane, Bath,
+
+February 23.
+
+_The Title of "Dominus."_--How is it that at Cambridge the title of
+_Dominus_ is applied to B.A.'s, while at Oxford it is confined to the
+doctorate?
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_The De Rous Family._--Hugh Rufus, or De Rous, was Bishop of Ossory, A.D.
+1202. He had been previously an Augustinian Canon of Bodmin, in Cornwall.
+Query, Was he a cadet of the ancient family of De Rous; and if so, what was
+his descent?
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+_Where was the Fee of S. Sanxon?_--At the end of "Ordericus Vitalis," in
+the _Gesta Normannorum_, is a list called the "Feoda Normanniæ," wherein,
+under the title "Feoda Ebroic.," occurs the entry:
+
+  "S. Sanxon dim. f. in friche."
+
+Francis Drake, in his _Antiquities of York_, London, 1736, p. 70., speaks
+of "Sampson, or _Sanxo_," the archbishop of that see; and elsewhere
+mentions the parish church of S. Sampson, "called by some Sanxo."
+
+What I wish to ask is, Where was this half fee of S. Sanxon? Whether it had
+any connexion with Sanson sur Rille? And whether it was the place from
+which "Ralph de S. Sanson" or "Sanson Clericus" of the _Domesday Book_, who
+was afterwards Bishop of Worcester, derived his name?
+
+*   *
+
+_Russian Emperors._--Is there any truth in a rumour that was current two or
+three years since respecting the limited period that was placed upon the
+reign of any Russian monarch? Twenty-five years was the time stated, at the
+termination of which the Emperor had to abdicate. As this period has
+elapsed, and no abdication has taken place by the present Autocrat, some
+one may perhaps be able to state how such a statement originated, and upon
+what grounds?
+
+THOS. CROSFIELD.
+
+_Episcopal Insignia of the Eastern Church._--Having seen in a late number
+of the _Illustrated London News_ (Feb. 11, 1854) a peculiarly shaped
+episcopal staff, with a cross rising from between two in-curved dragons'
+heads, which is represented in the hand of the metropolitan of Wallachia, I
+would be glad to know whether this form is peculiar to any branch of the
+Eastern Church. A reference to a work of authority on the subject will
+oblige a provincialist.
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+_Amontillado Sherry._--What is the real meaning of this epithet? A friend,
+who had travelled in Spain, and visited some famous cellars at Xeres, told
+me that the peculiar flavour of the Amontillado Sherry was always an
+accidental result of mixing butts of wine brought to the merchant by a
+variety of growers. I mentioned this to another friend who had the wine on
+his table; and he ridiculed the account, saying that the Amontillado Sherry
+was from a grape peculiar to the district. What district, I could not
+ascertain.
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Col. Michael Smith's Family._--Perhaps some of your readers may be enabled
+to give me some information of the family of Smith, to which Col. Michael
+Smith, Lieut.-Governor of Nevis about 1750, belongs.
+
+A WEST INDIAN.
+
+_Pronunciation of Foreign Names._--How shall we pronounce Sinope, Citate,
+and many other words which are now becoming familiar to our eyes? I think
+the bookseller who should give us a vocabulary of proper names of foreign
+persons and places, with the correct pronunciation attached, would be
+encouraged by an extensive sale. So far as my knowledge extends, such a
+work is a desideratum.
+
+THINKS I TO MYSELF.
+
+_Artesian Wells._--One who is about to dig a well on his land would be glad
+to know:--1. Whether, in all cases, artesian wells are preferable? 2. If
+yes, why they are not universally adopted, and whether they are more
+expensive then the common sort? 3. If not preferable in all cases, in what
+cases they are preferable?
+
+STYLITES.
+
+_Norman Towers in London._--Can you inform me it there is any other church
+in the city of London with a Norman tower, besides Allhallows, Mark Lane?
+which, by the bye, has been colour-washed: I suppose, to preserve it!
+
+J. W. BROWN.
+
+_Papyrus._--Where, or of whom, can a specimen of Papyrus be obtained?
+
+R. H.
+
+Islington.
+
+_Mathew, a Cornish Family._--I am anxious to know the connexion of a family
+of Mathew, late of Tresungar, co. Cornwall, with any stock in Wales; and I
+will gladly defray any necessary expense of search, if can attain this
+object. The descent of a family of the name, apparently the same from the
+arms, in an old recueil of Devonshire families, is headed "nuper de
+Walliâ;" and a visitation of that county ascribes their bearing {223} (a
+stork) to a marriage with an heir of Starkey, which I have been unable to
+verify. A Visitation of Cornwall, to which I have had access, gives a
+grant, or probably a confirmation of the arms by Cooke. If this celebrated
+Herald's grants are on record, some clew would probably be found; but I
+doubt not that many of your readers well versed in genealogical research
+can readily answer my Query, and I trust to their kindness to do so.
+
+B.
+
+Birkenhead.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Bunyan's Descendants._--As a recent Query respecting John Bunyan may lead
+to some notices of his descendants, perhaps I may be informed in what
+edition of his works it is stated that a branch of his family settled in
+Nottingham? for I find in the burgess-roll of that borough that George
+Bunyan was entered freeman in 1752. William Bunyan, lieutenant in the navy,
+1767; Thomas Bunyan, hosier, 1776. In event of the above story being
+verified, a pedigree may possibly be extracted hereafter from the parish
+registers of the town. As far as my own examination goes, the editions in
+the British Museum afford no corroboration to what I have heard.
+
+FURVUS.
+
+Plumstead Common.
+
+    [We have been favoured with the following article on this subject from
+    George Offor, Esq., of Hackney:
+
+    "_Where are John Bunyan's Descendants?_--It is natural to inquire after
+    the ancestors and descendants of great men, although experience proves
+    that intellectual greatness runs not in blood, for earth's _great_ and
+    most illustrious sons descended from and left descendants who merged
+    among the masses of her _little_ ones. Of his ancestors Bunyan boasted
+    not, but pleaded with the readers of the first edition of his _Sighs
+    from Hell_, 'Be not ashamed to own me because of my low and
+    contemptible descent in the world.' From the life of the great dreamer,
+    appended to my second edition of Bunyan's works (Blackie, Glasgow), it
+    appears that he left three children: Thomas, a valuable member of his
+    church; Joseph, who settled in Nottingham; and Sarah. Joseph is named
+    by one of Bunyan's earliest biographers, who told his father that 'a
+    worthy citizen of London would take him apprentice without money, which
+    might be a great means to advance him; but he replied to me, _God did
+    not send him to advance his family, but to preach the Gospel_.'
+
+    "The Rev. J. H. A. Rudd of Bedford and Elstow has most kindly searched
+    the registers of Elstow and Goldington, and has discovered some
+    interesting entries; and, as his numerous engagements will permit, he
+    will search the registry of the parish churches in Bedford and its
+    vicinity. Information would be most acceptable relative to Bunyan's
+    father and mother, his two wives, and his children, John, Elizabeth,
+    and Mary, who died in his life-time; and also as to Joseph. If your
+    correspondent FURVUS would search the registers at Nottingham, he might
+    discover some valuable records of that branch of the family. Bunyan is
+    said to have been baptized about 1653; and in the Elstow register it
+    appears that his daughter Mary was registered as _baptized_ July 20,
+    1650, while his next daughter, Elizabeth, is on the register as _born_
+    April 14, 1654, showing the change in his principles, as to infant
+    baptism, to have taken place between those periods. The family Bible
+    given by John Bunyan to his son Joseph, now in my possession, confirms
+    the statement verbally communicated to me by his descendant Mrs.
+    Senegar, that her great-grandfather Joseph, having conformed to please
+    his rich wife, was anxious to conceal his affinity to the illustrious
+    tinker. The registers contained in it begin with Joseph's son Thomas
+    and Susannah his wife, and it is continued to Robert Bunyan, born 1775,
+    and who was lately living at Lincoln. I should be most happy to show
+    the Bible and copies of registers in my possession to any one who will
+    undertake to form a genealogy."
+
+      GEORGE OFFOR.]
+
+_Epigram on Dennis._--
+
+  "Should Dennis publish you had stabb'd your brother,
+  Lampoon'd your monarch, or debauch'd your mother," &c.
+
+is printed as by Savage in Johnson's _Life of Savage_. In the notes to _The
+Dunciad_, i. 106., it is said to be by Pope. _Utri credemus?_
+
+S. Z. Z. S.
+
+    [From the fact, that this epigram was not only attributed to Pope, in
+    the notes to the second edition of _The Dunciad_, published in 1729,
+    but also in those of 1743, the joint edition of Pope and Warburton, and
+    both published before the death of Pope, it seems extremely probable
+    that he was the author of it; more especially as he had been
+    exasperated by a twopenny tract, of which Dennis was suspected to be
+    the writer, called _A True Character of Mr. Pope and his Writings_;
+    printed for S. Popping, 1716. D'Israeli however, in his _Calamities of
+    Authors_, art. "The Influence of a bad Temper in Criticism," quoting it
+    from Dr. Johnson, conjectures it was written on the following occasion:
+    "Thomson and Pope charitably supported the veteran Zoilus at a benefit
+    play, and Savage, who had nothing but a verse to give, returned them
+    very poetical thanks in the name of Dennis. He was then blind and old,
+    but his critical ferocity had no old age; his surliness overcame every
+    grateful sense, and he swore as usual, 'They could be no one's but that
+    _fool_ Savage's,' an evidence of his sagacity and brutality. This
+    perhaps prompted 'the fool' to take this fair revenge and just
+    chastisement." After all, Dr. Johnson, who was at that time narrating
+    Savage's intimate acquaintance with Pope, may have attributed to the
+    former what seems to have been the production of the latter.]
+
+_Football played on Shrove Tuesday._--The people of this and the
+neighbouring towns invariably play at football on Shrove Tuesday. What is
+the origin of the custom? and does it extend to other counties?
+
+J. P. S.
+
+Dorking.
+
+    ["Shrove-tide," says Warton, "was formerly a season of extraordinary
+    sport and feasting. There was {224} anciently a feast immediately
+    preceding Lent, which lasted many days, called _Carniscapium_. In some
+    cities of France an officer was annually chosen, called Le Prince
+    d'Amoreux, who presided over the sports of the youth for six days
+    before Ash Wednesday. Some traces of these festivities still remain in
+    our Universities." In these degenerate days more is known, we suspect,
+    of pancakes and fritters, than of a football match and a
+    cock-fight:--the latter, we are happy to say, is now almost forgotten
+    among us. As to the pancake custom, no doubt that is most religiously
+    observed by the readers of "N. & Q.," in obedience to the rubric of the
+    _Oxford Sausage_:
+
+      "Let glad Shrove Tuesday bring the pancake thin,
+      Or fritter rich, with apples stored within."
+
+    According to Fitz-Stephen, "After dinner, all the youths go into the
+    fields to play at the ball. The scholars of every school have their
+    ball and bastion in their hands. The ancient and wealthy men of the
+    city come forth on horseback to see the sport of the young men, and to
+    take part of the pleasure, in beholding their agility." And till within
+    the last few years:
+
+                      "... The humble play
+      Of trap or football on a holiday,
+      In Finsbury fields,"--
+
+    was sufficiently common in the neighbourhood of London and other
+    places. See Brande's _Popular Antiquities_, vol. i. pp. 63-94. (Bohn's
+    edition), and Hone's _Every-Day Book_, vol. i. pp. 244. 255-260.]
+
+_Vossioner; its Meaning._--In looking over a parcel of brass rubbings made
+some years since, I find the word _vossioner_ used, and not knowing its
+signification, I should be glad to be enlightened on the subject; but, in
+order to enable your readers to judge more correctly, I think it better to
+copy the whole of the epitaph in which the word occurs. The plate is in
+Ufton Church, near Southam, county Warwick; it measures eighteen inches in
+width by sixteen deep.
+
+    "Here lyeth the boddyes of Richard Hoddomes, Parsson and Pattron and
+    _Vossioner_ of the Churche and Parishe of Oufton, in the Countie of
+    Warrike, who died one Mydsomer Daye, 1587. And Margerye his Wiffe
+    w^{th} _her_ seven Childryn, as namelye, Richard, _John_, and _John_,
+    Anne, Jane, Elizabeth, Ayles, _his_ iiii Daughters, _whose soule_
+    restethe with God."
+
+I give the epitaph _verbatim_, with its true orthography. There are some
+curious points in this epitaph. First, the date of the death of the
+clergyman only is given; second, the children are called _hers_, while the
+four daughters are _his_; and two of the sons bear the same Christian name,
+whilst only one _soul_ is said to rest with God. The family is represented
+kneeling. Above the inscription, and between the clergyman and his lady, is
+a desk, on which is represented two books lying open before them.
+
+J. B. WHITBORNE.
+
+    [Vossioner seems to be corruption of the Italian _vossignor_, your
+    lord, or the lord, _i.e._ owner or proprietor. Many similar words were
+    introduced by the Italian ecclesiastics inducted into Church livings
+    during the sixteenth century. The inscription is given in Dugdale's
+    _Warwickshire_, vol. i. p. 358.]
+
+_The Game of Chess._--At what period was the noble game of chess introduced
+into the British Isles; and to whom are we indebted for its introduction
+among us?
+
+B. ASHTON.
+
+    [The precise date of the introduction of this game into Britain is
+    uncertain. What has been collected respecting it will be found in the
+    Hon. Daines Barrington's paper in _Archæologia_, vol. ix. p. 28.; and
+    in Hyde's treatise, _Mandragorias, seu Historia Shahiludii_. Oxoniæ,
+    1694.]
+
+_A Juniper Letter._--Fuller, in describing a letter written by Bishop
+Grosthead to Pope Innocent IV., makes use of a curious epithet, of which I
+should be glad to meet with another instance, if it be not simply a
+"Fullerism":
+
+    "Bishop Grouthead offended thereat, wrote Pope Innocent IV. such a
+    _juniper letter_, taxing him with extortion and other vicious
+    practices."--_Church History_, book III., A.D. 1254.
+
+J. M. B.
+
+    ["A juniper lecture," meaning a round scolding bout, is still in use
+    among the canting gentry.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+CLARENCE.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 85.)
+
+Clarence is beyond all doubt the district comprehending and lying around
+the town and castle of Clare in Suffolk, and not, as some have fancifully
+supposed, the town of Chiarenza in the Morea. Some of the crusaders did,
+indeed, acquire titles of honour derived from places in eastern lands, but
+certainly no such place ever gave its name to an honorary feud held of the
+crown of England, nor, indeed, has _ever_ any English sovereign to this day
+bestowed a territorial title derived from a place beyond the limits of his
+own nominal dominions; the latest creations of the kind being the earldoms
+of Albemarle and Tankerville, respectively bestowed by William III. and
+George I., who were both nominally kings of Great Britain, _France_, and
+Ireland. In ancient times every English title (with the exception of
+Aumerle or Albemarle, which exception is only an apparent one) was either
+personal, or derived from some place in England. The ancient earls of
+Albemarle were not English peers by virtue of that earldom, but by virtue
+of the tenure of lands in England, though, being the holders of a Norman
+earldom, they were known in England by their higher designation, just as
+some of the {225} Barons De Umfravill were styled, even in writs of
+summons, by their superior Scottish title of Earl of Angos. If these earls
+had not held English fees, they would not have been peers of England any
+more than were the ancient Earls of Tankerville and Eu. In later times the
+strictness of the feudal law was so far relaxed, that in two or three
+instances English peers were created with territorial titles derived from
+places in the Duchy of Normandy.
+
+As to the locality of Clarence, see Sandford's _Genealogical History_,
+1707, p. 222. There is a paper on the subject in the _Gentleman's Magazine_
+for November, 1850. The king of arms called Clarenceux, or in Latin
+_Clarentius_, was, as it has been very reasonably conjectured, originally a
+herald retained by a Duke of Clarence. (Noble's _History of the College of
+Arms_, p. 61.) Hoping ere long to send you some notes respecting certain
+real or seeming anomalies amongst our English dignities, I reserve some
+particulars which may, perhaps, farther elucidate the present question.
+
+GOLDENCROSS.
+
+Your correspondent HONORÉ DE MAREVILLE has wandered too far in going to the
+Morea to search for this title. Clare in Suffolk was one of the ninety-five
+manors in that county bestowed by the Conqueror upon Richard Fitzgilbert,
+who (as well as his successor Gilbert) resided at Tunbridge, and bore the
+surname of De Tonebruge. His grandson Richard, the first Earl of Hertford,
+fixed his principal seat at Clare, and thenceforth the family took the
+surname of De Clare; and in the Latin documents of the time the several
+members of it were styled _Ricardus_ (or _Gilbertus_), _Dominus Clarensis_,
+_Comes Hertfordiensis_. The name of the lordship thus becoming the family
+surname, it is easy to see how in common usage the formal epithet
+_Clarensis_ soon became Clarence, and why Lionel, the son of Edward III.,
+upon his marriage with Elizabeth de Burgh, the grand-niece and heiress of
+the last Gilbertus Clarensis, should choose as the title for his dukedom
+the surname of the great family of which he had now become the
+representative.
+
+VOKAROS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MILTON'S WIDOW.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375. 452. 471. 544. 594.)
+
+GARLICHITHE is again on the wrong scent. In his first communication on this
+subject, he allowed himself to go astray by mistaking Randle Minshull the
+_grandfather_ for Randle Minshull the _son_; and now, with the like
+fatality, he fails to discriminate between Richard Minshull the _uncle_,
+and Richard Minshull the _brother_, of Elizabeth Milton. A second
+examination of my Reply in Vol. viii., p. 200., will suffice to show him
+that Richard Minshull, the party to the deed there quoted, was named by me
+as the _brother_, and not the _uncle_, of Milton's widow, and that
+therefore his argument, based on disparity of age, &c., falls to the
+ground. On the other hand, Richard Minshull of Chester, to whom the letter
+alluded to was addressed, was the brother of Randle Minshull of Wistaston,
+and by the same token, uncle of Elizabeth Milton, and of Richard Minshull,
+her brother and co-partner in the deed already referred to.
+
+GARLICHITHE, and all others who have taken an interest in this discussion,
+will now, I trust, see clearly that there has been nothing adduced by
+either MR. MARSH or myself inconsistent with ages or dates; but that, on
+the contrary, all our premises and conclusions are borne out by evidence
+clear, irreproachable, and incontestable.
+
+All objections being now, as I conceive, fully combated and disposed of,
+the substance of our investigations may be summed up in a very few words.
+The statement of Pennant, adopted by all succeeding writers, to the effect
+that Elizabeth, the widow of John Milton, was a daughter of Sir Edward
+Minshull of Stoke, is clearly proved to be a fiction. It has been farther
+proved, from the parish registers, as well as from bonds and other
+documentary evidence, that she was, without doubt, the daughter of Randle
+Minshull of Wistaston, a village about three miles from Nantwich; that she
+was the cousin of Milton's familiar friend, Dr. Paget, and as such became
+entitled to a legacy under the learned Doctor's will, and that she is
+expressly named by Richard Minshull as his sister in the deed before
+quoted.
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THREE FLEURS-DE-LYS.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 35. 113.)
+
+DEVONIENSIS is informed that an example of this occurs in the arms of King
+James's School, Almondbury, Yorkshire. The impression, as taken from the
+great seal of the school, in which however the colours are not
+distinguished, may be imperfectly described as follows: Three lions (two
+over one) passant gardant ----, on a chief ----, three fleurs-de-lys ----.
+
+As it is not unlikely that some other of King James's foundations may have
+the same arms, it would be considered a favour if any reader of "N. & Q."
+possessing the information would communicate the proper colours in this
+case, or even the probable ones.
+
+CAMELODUNENSIS.
+
+DEVONIENSIS is quite right in supposing that the bearing of three
+fleurs-de-lys alone, horizontal, in the upper part of the shield,--in other
+words, {226} in chief, fess-ways,--is a very rare occurrence. I know of no
+instance of it in English blazon. Coupled with another and principal
+charge, as a fess, a chevron, a lion, &c.; or in a chief, it is common
+enough. Nor have I ever met with an example of it in French coat-armour. An
+English family, named Rothfeld, but apparently of German extraction, gives:
+Gules, two fleurs-de-lys, in chief, ermine. Du Guesclin bore nothing like a
+fleur-de-lys in any way. The armorial bearings of the famous Constable
+were: Argent, a double-headed eagle, displayed, sable, crowned, or,
+debruised of a bend, gules.
+
+JOHN O' THE FORD.
+
+Malta.
+
+P.S.--Since writing the above, I have read three replies (Vol. ix., p.
+84.), which do not appear to me to exactly meet the Query of DEVONIENSIS.
+
+I understand the question to be, does any English family bear simply three
+fleurs-de-lys, in chief, fess-ways--without any additional charge? And in
+that sense my reply above is framed.
+
+The first example given by MR. MACKENZIE WALCOTT would be most satisfactory
+and conclusive of the existence of such a bearing, could it be verified;
+but, unfortunately, in the _Heraldic Dictionaries_ of Berry and Burke, the
+name even of Trilleck or Trelleck does not occur. And in Malta, I have no
+opportunity of consulting Edmondson or Robson.
+
+Your correspondent A. B. (p. 113.) has mistaken the three white lilies for
+fleurs-de-lys in the arms of Magdalen College, Oxford. Waynflete, the
+founder, was also Provost of Eton, and adopted the device from the bearings
+of that illustrious school; by which they were borne in allusion to St.
+Mary, to whom that College is dedicated.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346. 625.; Vol. ix., p. 78.)
+
+The well-known law dictionary, entitled _The Interpreter_, by John Cowel,
+LL.D., was burned (1610) under a proclamation of James I. (D'Israeli's
+_Calamities of Authors_, ed. 1840, p. 133.)
+
+In June, 1622, the Commentary of David Pare, or Paræus _On the Epistle to
+the Romans_, was burned at London, Oxford, and Cambridge, by order of the
+Privy Council. (Wood's _Hist. and Antiq. of Univ. of Oxford_, ed. Gutch,
+vol. ii. pp. 341-345.; Cooper's _Annals of Cambridge_, vol. iii. pp. 143,
+144.)
+
+On the 12th of February, 1634, _Elenchus Religionis Papisticæ_, by John
+Bastwicke, M.D., was ordered to be burned by the High Commission Court.
+(Prynne's _New Discovery of the Prelates' Tyranny_, p. 132.)
+
+On the 10th of February, 1640-1 the House of Lords ordered that two books
+published by John Pocklington, D.D., entitled _Altare Christianum_, and
+_Sunday no Sabbath_, should be publicly burned in the city of London and
+the two Universities, by the hands of the common executioner; and on the
+10th of March the House ordered the Sheriffs of London and the
+Vice-Chancellors of both the Universities, forthwith to take care and see
+the order of the House carried into execution. (_Lords' Journals_, vol. iv.
+pp. 161. 180.)
+
+On the 13th of August, 1660, Charles II. issued a proclamation against
+Milton's _Defensio pro Populo Anglicano_, his _Answer to the Portraiture of
+his Sacred Majesty in his Solitude and Sufferings_, and a book by John
+Goodwin, late of Coleman Street, London, Clerk, entitled _The Obstructors
+of Justice_. All copies of these books were to be brought to the sheriffs
+of counties, who were to cause the same to be publicly burned by the hands
+of the common hangman at the next assizes. (Kennett's _Register and
+Chronicle_, p. 207.) This proclamation is also printed in Collet's _Relics
+of Literature_, with the inaccurate date 1672, and the absurd statement
+that no copy of the proclamation was discovered till 1797.
+
+In January, 1692-3, a pamphlet by Charles Blount, Esq., entitled _King
+William and Queen Mary, Conquerors, &c._, was burned by the common hangman
+in Palace Yard, Westminster. (Bohun's _Autobiography_, ed. S. W. Rix, vol.
+xxiv. pp. 106, 109. 113.; Wilson's _Life of De Foe_, vol. i. p. 179 _n_.)
+
+The same parliament consigned to the flames Bishop Burnet's _Pastoral
+Letter_, which had been published 1689. (Wilson's _Life of De Foe_, vol. i.
+p. 179.)
+
+On the 31st of July, 1693, the second volume of Anthony à Wood's _Athenæ
+Oxonienses_ was burned in the Theatre Yard at Oxford by the Apparitor of
+the University, in pursuance of the sentence of the University Court in a
+prosecution for a libel on the memory of Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon.
+(_Life of Mr. Anthony à Wood_, ed. 1772, p. 377.)
+
+On the 25th of February, 1702-3, the House of Commons ordered De Foe's
+_Shortest Way with the Dissenters_ to be burned by the hands of the common
+hangman on the morrow in New Palace Yard. (Wilson's _Life of De Foe_, vol.
+ii. p. 62.)
+
+In or about 1709, John Humphrey, an aged non-conformist minister, having
+published a pamphlet against the Test, and circulated it amongst the
+members of parliament, was cited before a committee, and his work was
+ordered to be burned by the common hangman. (Wilson's _Life of De Foe_,
+vol. iii. p. 52.)
+
+The _North Briton_, No. 45., was on the 3rd of December, 1763, burned by
+the common hangman at the Royal Exchange, by order of the House of {227}
+Commons. The following account is from Malcolm's _Anecdotes of London_,
+4to., 1808, p. 282.:
+
+    "The 3rd of December was appointed for this silly ceremony, which took
+    place before the Royal Exchange, amidst the hisses and execrations of
+    the mob, not directed at the obnoxious paper, but at Alderman Harley,
+    the sheriffs, and constables, the latter of whom were compelled to
+    fight furiously through the whole business. The instant the hangman
+    held the work to a lighted link it was beat to the ground, and the
+    populace, seizing the faggots prepared to complete its destruction,
+    fell upon the peace-officers and fairly threshed them from the field;
+    nor did the alderman escape without a contusion on the head, inflicted
+    by a bullet thrown through the glass of his coach; and several other
+    persons had reason to repent the attempt to burn that publicly which
+    the _sovereign people_ determined to approve, who afterwards exhibited
+    a large _jack-boot_ at Temple Bar, and burnt it in triumph, unmolested,
+    as a species of retaliation."
+
+I am not aware that what Mr. Malcolm terms a "silly ceremony" has been
+repeated since 1763.
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+I know not whether you have noticed the following:
+
+    "Droit le Roy; or, A Digest of the Rights and Prerogatives of the
+    Imperial Crown of Great Britain. By a Member of the Society of
+    Lincoln's Inn. 'Dieu et Mon Droit.' [Royal Arms, with G. R.] London:
+    printed and sold by W. Griffin, in Fetter Lane, MDCCLXIV."
+
+Lord Mahon (_History of England_, vol. v. p. 175.) says:
+
+    "It was also observed, and condemned as a shallow artifice, that the
+    House of Lords, to counterbalance their condemnation of Wilkes's
+    violent democracy, took similar measures against a book of exactly
+    opposite principles. This was a treatise or collection of precedents
+    lately published under the title of _Droit le Roy_, to uphold the
+    prerogative of the crown against the rights of the people. The Peers,
+    on the motion of Lord Lyttleton, seconded by the Duke of Grafton, voted
+    this book 'a false, malicious, and traitorous libel, inconsistent with
+    the principles of the Revolution to which we owe the present happy
+    establishment;' they ordered that it should be burned by the hands of
+    the common hangman, and that the author should be taken into custody.
+    The latter part of the sentence, however, no one took any pains to
+    execute. The author was one Timothy Brecknock, a hack scribbler, who,
+    twenty years afterwards, was hanged for being accessary to an atrocious
+    murder in Ireland."
+
+A copy of the book (an octavo of xii. and 95 pages) is in my possession. It
+was apparently a presentation copy, and formerly belonged to Dr. Disney; at
+whose sale it was purchased by the late Richard Heber, as his MS. note
+testifies. Against the political views which this book advocates, I say not
+one word; as a legal treatise it is simply despicable.
+
+H. GOUGH.
+
+Lincoln's Inn.
+
+The following extract is at the service of BALLIOLENSIS:
+
+    "In the seventh year of King James I., Dr. Cowel's _Interpreter_ was
+    censured by the two Houses, as asserting several points to the
+    overthrow and destruction of Parliaments and of the fundamental laws
+    and government of the kingdom. And one of the articles charged upon him
+    to this purpose by the Commons, in their complaint to the Lords, was,
+    as Mr. Petyt says, out of the _Journal_, this that follows:
+
+    "'4thly. The Doctor draws his arguments from the imperial laws of the
+    Roman Emperors, an argument which may be urged with as great reason,
+    and with as great authority, for the reduction of the state and the
+    clergy of England to the polity and laws in the time of those Emperors;
+    as also to make the laws and customs of Rome and Constantinople to be
+    binding and obligatory in the cities of London and York.'
+
+    "The issue of which complaint was, that the author, for these his
+    outlandish politics, was taken into custody, and his book condemned to
+    the flames: nor could the dedication of it to his then grace of
+    Canterbury save it."--Atterbury's _Rights, Powers, and Privileges of
+    Convocation_, p. 7. of Preface.
+
+WM. FRASER, B.C.L.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+I possess a copy of _The Case of Ireland being bound by Acts of Parliament
+in England stated_, by William Molyneux of Dublin, Esq., which appears to
+have been literally "plucked as brand from the burning," as a considerable
+portion of it is consumed by fire. I have cut the following from a sale
+catalogue just sent to me from Dublin:
+
+    "Smith's (Matthew) _Memoirs of Secret Service_, Lond. 1696. Written by
+    Charles, Earl of Peterborough, and is very scarce, being burnt by the
+    hangman. MS. note."
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+Kilkenny.
+
+A decree of the University of Oxford, made July 21, 1683, condemning George
+Buchanan's treatise _De jure regni apud Scotos_, and certain other books,
+the names of which I do not know, was on March 25, 1710, ordered by the
+House of Lords to be burned by the hangman. This was shortly after the
+trial of Dr. Sacheverel.
+
+W. P. STORER.
+
+Olney, Bucks.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DIFFERENT PRODUCTIONS OF DIFFERENT CARCASES.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 263.)
+
+Up to a very recent period, it was held, even by philosophers, that each of
+the four elements, as well as every _living_ plant and animal, both {228}
+brute and human, generated insects; but of all sources of this equivocal
+generation, none was considered more potent than the putrefaction or
+corruption of animal matter: as Du Bartas says:
+
+  "God, not contented to each kind to give,
+  And to infuse the virtue generative,
+  By His wise power, made many creatures breed,
+  Of _lifeless bodies_ without Venus' deed."
+                          _Sixth Day._
+
+Pliny, after giving Virgil's receipt for making bees, gives similar
+instances:
+
+    "Like as dead horses will breed waspes and hornets; and asses carrion,
+    turne to be beetle-flies by a certaine metamorphosis which Nature
+    maketh from one creature to another."--Lib. xi. c. xx.
+
+And soon after he says of wasps:
+
+    "All the sorte of these live upon flesh, contrarie to _the manner of
+    bees, which will not touch a dead carcasse_."
+
+This brings Shakepeare's lines to mind:
+
+  " 'Tis seldom when the bee doth leave her comb
+  In the _dead carrion_."
+              _Henry IV._, Part II. Act IV. Sc. 4.
+
+The _Belfast News Letter_ of Friday, Aug. 10, 1832, gives one of these rare
+occurrences:
+
+    "A few days ago, when the sexton was digging a grave in Temple Cranney
+    (a burying-place in Portaferry, co. Down), he came to a coffin which
+    had been there two or three years: this he thought necessary to remove.
+    In this operation, he was startled by a great quantity of wild bees
+    issuing forth from the coffin; and upon lifting the lid, it was found
+    that they had formed their combs in the dead man's skull and mouth,
+    which were full. The nest was made of the hair of the head, together
+    with shavings that had been put in the coffin with the corpse."
+
+This quotation is given in an interesting work of Mr. Patterson's, _Letters
+on the Natural History of the Insects mentioned in Shakspeare's Plays_:
+London, 1838.
+
+Your correspondent R. T. shows that _serpents_ were supposed to be
+generated by _human_ carcases. Pliny says:
+
+    "I have heard many a man say that the _marrow of a man's backebone_
+    will breed to a snake."--_Hist. Nat._, x. 66.
+
+The story of the "fair young German gentleman" reminds me of one of a
+gentle shepherd and his beloved Amarante, told in De Britaine's _Human
+Prudence_, 12th edit., Dublin, 1726, Part I. p. 171. The corpse of the
+"Cæsar," seen by St. Augustine and Monica, was most probably that of
+Maximus, Emperor of the West, slain by the soldiers of Theodosius, A.D.
+388.
+
+Sir Thos. Browne--"treating of the conceit that the mandrake grows under
+gallowses, and arises from the fat, or [Greek: ouron], of the dead
+malefactor, and hence has the form of a man--says:
+
+    "This is so far from being verified of animals in their corruptive
+    mutations into plants, that they maintain not this similitude in their
+    nearer translation into animals. So when the ox corrupteth into bees,
+    or the horse into hornets, they come not forth in the image of their
+    originals. So the corrupt and excrementitious humours in man are
+    animated into lice: and we may observe that hogs, sheep, goats, hawks,
+    hens, and others, have one peculiar and proper kind of
+    vermin."--_Works_, Bohn's edit., vol. i. p. 197.
+
+The editor furnishes the following note:
+
+    "The immortal Harvey, in his _De Generations_, struck the first blow at
+    the root of the irrational system called _equivocal generation_, when
+    he laid down his brief but most pungent law, _Omnia ex ovo_. But the
+    belief transmitted from antiquity, that living beings generated
+    spontaneously from putrescent matter, long maintained its ground, and a
+    certain modification of it is even still advocated by some naturalists
+    of the greatest acuteness. The first few pages of the volume entitled
+    _Insect Transformations_ (in _The Library of Entertaining Knowledge_)
+    are occupied by a very interesting investigation of this subject."--See
+    also Sir T. Browne's _Works_, vol. i. p. 378., vol. ii. pp. 523, 524.;
+    and Izaak Walton's _Complete Angler_, passim.
+
+The equivocal generation of bees is copiously dwelt on in Bochart's
+_Hierozoicon_, London, 1663, fol., Part II. p. 502. Instances of their
+attaching themselves to dead bodies, in spite of their ordinary antipathy,
+are given at p. 506.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VANDYKE IN AMERICA.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 182. 228.)
+
+To your correspondent C. I would say, that his observation--that the Query
+was as to an _engraving_, whilst my answer was as to a _picture_--is not
+true; as I am sure, from memory, that MR. WESTMACOTT used the word
+"portraits." But I plead in extenuation of my pretended grave offence, 1.
+That the Query was not propounded by C., but by a gentleman to whom the
+information given might be, as I supposed, of some interest; more
+particularly as I referred to the _Travels_ of an Englishman, both of
+which, author and work, were accessible. 2. That, in common with the
+American readers of "N. & Q.," I regarded it as "a journal of
+inter-communication," through whose columns information might be asked for,
+the request to be treated with the same consideration and courtesy as
+though addressed to each individual subscriber. I may add that LORD
+BRAYBROOKE and MR. WODDERSPOON (Vol. iv., p. 17.) have urged "the necessity
+for recording the existence of painted historical portraits, scattered, as
+we know they are," &c. {229}
+
+Now, as to the expression "worthies, famous in English history." I presume
+I need do no more concerning its application to Lord Orrery, Sir Robert
+Walpole, &c., than say, it was used as signifying "men of mark," without
+intending to endorse their "worth" either morally, mentally, or
+politically; its application to Colonel Hill and Colonel Byrd, as meaning
+"men of worth," might, did your limits permit, be defended on high grounds.
+
+Then as to the possibility of Vandyke's having painted the portraits. If C.
+will have the kindness to look at C. Campbell's _History of Virginia_, he
+will find,--
+
+    "1654. At a meeting of the Assembly, William Hatchin, having been
+    convicted of having called Colonel Edward Hill 'an atheist and
+    blasphemer,' was compelled to make acknowledgment of his offence upon
+    his knees before Colonel Hill and the Assembly."
+
+This Colonel Hill, generally known as Colonel Edward Hill the Elder, a
+gentleman of great wealth, built the mansion at Shirley, where his
+portrait, brought from England, hangs in the same place, in the same hall
+in which he had it put up. It represents a youth in pastoral costume, crook
+in hand, flocks in the background. By a comparison of dates, C. will find
+it possible for Vandyke to have painted it. (See Bryan's _Engravers and
+Painters_.) It has descended, along with the estate, to his lineal
+representative, the present owner. Its authenticity rests upon _tradition_
+coupled with the foregoing facts, as far as I know (though the family may
+have abundant documentary proof), and I doubt very much whether many
+"Vandykes in England" are better ascertained. I would add that several
+English gentlemen, among them, as I have heard, a distinguished ambassador
+recently in this country, recognised it as a Vandyke. This picture, amongst
+others, was injured by the balls fired from the vessels which ascended the
+James river, under command of General Arnold, then a British officer. On
+the younger Mr. Hill's tomb at Shirley is a coat of arms, a copy of which,
+had I one to send, would probably point out his family in England.[2]
+
+As to Colonel Byrd's portrait. There were, I believe, three gentlemen of
+this name and title, more or less confounded in reputation, the second of
+whom, generally known as "Colonel Byrd the Elder," by reason of his son's
+history, was born in 1674. The picture is of his _father_, that is, of
+"old," or "the first Colonel Byrd," and is in the same style as that of
+Colonel Hill's, representing a shepherd lad. He was an English gentleman of
+great wealth, and certainly of some benevolence. In Campbell's _Virginia_,
+p. 104. (see also Oldmixon, vol. i. p. 427.), it is stated, 1690, a large
+body of Huguenots were sent to Virginia. "The refugees found in Colonel
+Byrd, of Westover, a generous benefactor. Each settler was allowed a strip
+of land running back from the river to the foot of the hill (Henrico
+County). Here they raised cattle," &c. He sent his son to England to be
+educated under the care of a friend, Sir Robert Southwell. The son became a
+Fellow of the Royal Society, "was the intimate and bosom friend of the
+learned and illustrious Charles Boyle, Earl of Orrery," was the author of
+the _Westover MSS._ (mentioned in Oldmixon's preface, 2nd ed.), portions of
+which, "Progress to the Mines," "History of the Dividing Line," &c., have
+been printed, others are in the library of the American Philosophical
+Society.[3] His portrait is "by Kneller, a fine old cavalier face," says
+Campbell. The letters received at Westover might prove not uninteresting
+even to C., seeing that there were so many titled people among the writers;
+and to a gentleman of education and intelligence, the Westover library
+would have been a treasure-house. In the Loganian Library in this city is a
+large MS. folio, whose title-page declares it to be "a catalogue of books
+in the library at Westover, belonging to William Byrd, Esq.," from which it
+appears that in Law there were the English reporters (beginning with Y. B.)
+and text-writers, laws of France, Scotland, Rome (various editions of
+Pandects, &c.); Canon Law, with numerous approved commentators on each. In
+Physic a great many works, which, as I am told, were, and some still are,
+of high repute: I note only one, _Poor Planter's Physician interleaved_.
+This, to every one who has been upon a great Virginia plantation, bespeaks
+the benevolence characteristic of the proprietors of Westover. In Divinity,
+besides pages of orthodox divines, Bibles in various languages (several in
+Hebrew, one in seven vols.), are Socinius, Bellarmine, &c. The works on
+Metallurgy, Natural History, Metaphysics, Military Science, Heraldry,
+Navigation, Music, &c., are very numerous; and either of the collections of
+history, or entertainment, or classics, or political science, would form no
+inconsiderable library of itself. {230} An impression of Colonel Byrd's
+book-plate, given by a friend, is enclosed. I must add that the pictures at
+Brandon are at that mansion, through the marriage of Mr. Harrison (a signer
+of the Declaration of Independence) with the daughter of the third Colonel
+Byrd.
+
+I have occupied much more space than I intended, but I have said enough I
+hope to show, 1. That it is possible, from dates, from the character,
+wealth, and position of Mr. Byrd and Mr. Hill, together with the length of
+time the pictures have remained in the respective families, for Vandyke to
+have painted these portraits. 2. That as men who directed the energies,
+developed the resources, of our infant settlements, who brought hither the
+products of science, literature, and art, who exhibited the refinements of
+birth, the graces of good breeding, yet were always ready to serve their
+country in the field or in the council, Mr. Byrd and Mr. Hill are vastly
+more worthy of commemoration and reverence than all the Earls of
+Dredlington that ever sat at his majesty's Board of Green Cloth.
+
+J. BALCH.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+[Footnote 2: It is curious to observe how matters of history appear and
+disappear as it were. "The mighty Tottipottimoy," says Hudibras (part ii.
+cant. ii. l. 421.),--on which the Rev. Dr. Nash has this note: "I don't
+know whether this is a real name or only an imitation of North-American
+phraseology; the appellation of an individual, or a title of
+office:"--Tottipottimoy was king of the warlike and powerful Parnunkies,
+and was defeated and slain by the Virginians, commanded by Colonel Hill, in
+the action from which Bloody Run takes its name.]
+
+[Footnote 3: There is a curious passage in the Westover MSS. concerning
+William Penn, of which Mr. Macaulay should have a copy, unless one has been
+already sent to him.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Cyanide of Potassium._--It may be interesting to our photographic friends
+to know that cyanide of potassium is capable of replacing hyposulphite of
+soda in all collodion processes. If used of the strength of five grains to
+one ounce of water, no danger need be apprehended from it. Its merits are
+cleanliness, quickness of operation, and the minute quantity of water
+required for washing the picture fixed therewith.
+
+J. B. HOCKIN.
+
+_Mode of exciting Calotype Paper._--I forgot inserting this plan of
+exciting in my paper: it is very clean and convenient, simple and sure.
+Obtain a piece of plate glass, two or three inches larger than your paper,
+level it on a table with a few bits of wood, pour on it your exciting
+mixture (say aceto-nitrate and gallic acid, solution of each 20 minims,
+distilled water 1 ounce), and spread it evenly over with a scrap of
+blotting-paper. Float your paper two minutes, remove and blot off; this
+ensures perfect evenness, especially if the paper is large. You may thus
+excite half a dozen papers with little more trouble than one.
+
+THOS. L. MANSELL.
+
+_The Double Iodide Solution--Purity of Photographic Chemicals._--The
+observations of MR. LEACHMAN upon the solvent powers of iodide of potassium
+(Vol ix., p. 182.) are perfectly correct, but I believe our photographic
+chemicals are often much adulterated. The iodide of potassium is frequently
+mixed with the carbonate. DR. MANSELL writes me word, in a comment upon
+your note upon his communication, "What I used was _very_ pure, having been
+prepared by Mr. Arnold with great care: it was some that had gone to the
+Great Exhibition as a sample of Guernsey make, and obtained a medal." I
+have this day used exactly seven ounces avoirdupois to make a pint of the
+iodizing solution, which, within a few grains, agrees with my former
+results. Nitrate of silver, I am informed upon a most respectable
+authority, has been adulterated thirty per cent., and without careful
+testing has eluded detection; but I am inclined to think our cheapest
+article has come in for its largest share of mixture. I have lately
+perfectly failed in the removal of the iodide of silver with a _saturated_
+solution of what I purchased as hyposulphite of soda, but which could have
+been little else than common Glauber's salts; for upon applying a similar
+solution of some which was made by M. Butka of Prague, and supplied me by
+Messrs. Simpson and Maule, the effect was almost immediate, demonstrating
+how much we are misled in our conclusions, from believing we are
+manipulating with the same substances, when in fact they are quite
+different.
+
+HUGH W. DIAMOND.
+
+_Hyposulphite of Soda Baths._--Is there any objection to using the same
+bath (saturated solution of hyposulphite) for fixing both paper calotype
+_negatives_ and positives printed on albumenized paper from glass collodion
+negatives?
+
+C. E. F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Daughters taking their Mothers' Names_ (Vol. viii., p.586.).--BURIENSIS
+asked for instances of temp. Edw. I., II., III., of a daughter adding to
+her own name that of her mother: as Alice, daughter of Ada, &c. Though I am
+not able to furnish an instance of a daughter doing so, I can refer him to
+a few of sons using that form of surname some years earlier, but the
+practice seems very limited. Thus in _Liber de Antiquis Legibus_, published
+by the Camden Society, we have, among the early sheriffs of London in 1193,
+Willielmus filius Ysabelis, or, as in the appendix 222, Ysabel; in 1200,
+Willielmus filius Alicie; in 1213, Martinus filius Alicie; and in 1233 and
+1246, Simon filius Marie,--the same person that, as Simon Fitz-Mary, is
+known as the founder of the Hospital of St. Mary Bethlehem Without,
+Bishopsgate.
+
+W. S. W.
+
+Middle Temple.
+
+_The Young Pretender_ (Vol. ix., p. 177.).--Will CEYREP, or any other
+correspondent, furnish me with particulars of the Young Pretender's
+marriage with a daughter of the House of Stolberg; her name, place of
+burial, &c.? She was descended maternally from the noble House of Bruce,
+through the marriage of Thomas, second Earl of Aylesbury and third Earl of
+Elgin, with Charlotte (his second wife) Countess of Sannu, or Sannau, of
+the House of Argenteau. They had a daughter, Charlotte Maria, I suppose an
+only child, who was married in the year 1722 to the Prince of Horn. These
+had issue Mary and Elizabeth, whom also I suppose {231} to have been only
+children. One of them married the Prince of Stolberg, and the other the
+Prince of Salm. One of the descendants of this family was an annuitant on
+the estate of the Marquis of Aylesbury, as recently as twelve or fourteen
+years ago. Information on any part of this descent would confer an
+obligation on
+
+PATONCE.
+
+_A Legend of the Hive_ (Vol. ix., p. 167.).--With every feeling of
+gratitude to EIRIONNACH, I cannot receive praise for false metre and
+erroneous grammar. In the fifth line of the first stanza of the quoted
+verse, the first of the above legend, "are" is redundant: and in the first
+line of the next stanza, "bore" should be "bare." I remember that in more
+cases than one the printer of my published rhymes has perpetrated this
+latter mistake.
+
+Suffer me to reply to a question of the same courteous critic EIRIONNACH,
+in Vol. ix., p. 162., about a "Christ-cross-row." This name for the
+alphabet obtained in the good old Cornish dame-schools when I was a boy. In
+a book that I have seen, there is a vignette of a monk teaching a little
+boy to read, and beneath
+
+      "_A Christ-Cross Rhyme._
+
+          I.
+
+  "Christ his cross shall be my speed!
+  Teach me, Father John, to read:
+  That in church, on holy-day,
+  I may chant the psalm and pray.
+
+          II.
+
+  "Let me learn, that I may know
+  What the shining windows show;
+  Where the lovely Lady stands,
+  With that bright Child in her hands.
+
+          III.
+
+  "Teach me letters one, two, three,
+  Till that I shall able be
+  Signs to know and words to frame,
+  And to spell sweet Jesu's name!
+
+          IV.
+
+  "Then, dear master, will I look
+  Day and night in that fair book,
+  Where the tales of saints are told,
+  With their pictures all in gold.
+
+          V.
+
+  "Teach me, Father John, to say
+  Vesper-verse and matin-lay;
+  So when I to God shall plead,
+  Christ his cross will be my speed!"
+
+H. OF MORWENSTOW.
+
+_Hoby Family_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.; Vol. ix., pp. 19. 58.).--Sir Philip
+Hoby, or Hobbie, who was born in 1505, and died in 1558, was not only
+Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Henry VIII., but, while he held that
+office, was attached to the embassy of Sir Thomas Wyatt to the Emperor
+Charles V. in 1538. He was himself ambassador to the same Emperor in 1548,
+being sent by the Protector Somerset to replace the Bishop of Westminster.
+It may be interesting to state that two volumes of papers containing
+instructions and other letters transmitted to Sir Philip during these
+embassies, and copies of his replies, together with his correspondence with
+some eminent reformers, were in the possession of Wm. Hare, Esq., M.P. for
+the city of Cork in 1796. An account of them, drawn up by the Rev. T. D.
+Hincks, was read before the Royal Irish Academy on December 17 in that
+year, and printed in the sixth volume of its _Transactions_. It is probable
+that these papers had formerly belonged to Rev. Sir Philip Hoby, Bart., who
+was Dean of Ardfert and Chancellor of St. Patrick's; and died without an
+heir in 1766. He was descended from Sir Thomas Hoby, younger brother of Sir
+Philip; who was born in 1530, and died in 1566. The father of these two
+knights was William Hobbie of Leominster. I presume the two volumes of
+papers referred to are in the possession of the Earl of Listowel,
+great-grandson of the gentleman who possessed them in 1796.
+
+E. H. D. D.
+
+_Anticipatory Use of the Cross_ (Vol. viii. passim).--
+
+    "It is strange, yet well authenticated, and has given rise to many
+    theories, that the symbol of the Cross was already known to the Indians
+    before the arrival of Cortez. In the island of Cozumel, near Yucatan,
+    there were several; and in Yucatan itself there was a stone cross. And
+    there an Indian, considered a prophet amongst his countrymen, had
+    declared that a nation bearing the same as a symbol should arrive from
+    a distant country! More extraordinary still was a temple, dedicated to
+    the Holy Cross by the Toltec nation in the city of Cholula. Near
+    Tulansingo there is also a cross engraved on a rock with various
+    characters, which the Indians by tradition ascribe to the Apostle St.
+    Thomas. In Oajaca, also, there existed a cross, which the Indians from
+    time immemorial had been accustomed to consider as a divine symbol. By
+    order of the Bishop Cervantes it was placed in a sumptuous chapel in
+    the cathedral. Information concerning its discovery, together with a
+    small cup, cut out of its wood, was sent to Rome to Paul V.; who
+    received it on his knees, singing the hymn 'Vexilla regis,' &c."--_Life
+    in Mexico_, by Madame Calderon de la Barca, Letter xxxvii.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+_Longevity_ (Vols. vii., viii., _passim_).--
+
+    "Amongst the fresh antiquities of Cornwall, let not the old woman be
+    forgotten who died about two years since; who was one hundred and
+    sixty-four years old, of good memory, and healthful at that age; living
+    in the parish of Gwithian by the charity of such as came purposely to
+    see her, speaking to them (in default of English) by an interpreter,
+    yet partly understanding it. She married a second husband after she was
+    eighty, {232} and buried him after he was eighty years of
+    age."--Scawens' _Dissertation on the Cornish Tongue_, written temp.
+    Car. II.
+
+ANON.
+
+As very many, if not all, the instances mentioned in "N. & Q." of those who
+have reached a very advanced age, were people of humble origin, may we not
+now refer to those of noble birth? To commence the list, I would name Sir
+Ralph de Vernon, "who is said to have lived to the age of one hundred and
+fifty, and thence generally was called the Old Liver." My authority is,
+Burke's _Peerage and Baronetage_, edit. 1848, p. 1009.
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+"_Nugget_" (Vol. viii., pp. 375. 481.).--A note from Mundy's _Our
+Antipodes_:
+
+    "The word _nugget_, among farmers, signifies a small compact beast, a
+    runt: among gold-miners a lump, in contradistinction to the scale or
+    dust-gold."
+
+CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
+
+_The fifth Lord Byron_ (Vol. ix., p. 18.).--I believe it to be an
+acknowledged fact, that an old man's memory is generally good of events of
+years past and gone: and as an octogenarian I am not afraid to state that,
+from the discussions on the subject, I feel myself perfectly correct as to
+the main point of my observations (Vol. viii., p. 2.), viz. the error
+committed in the limitation of the ultimate reversion of the estate; but as
+to the secondary point to which MR. WARDEN alludes, I may perhaps be in
+error in placing it on the settlement of the son, inasmuch as the effect
+would be the same if it occurred in the settlement of the father; and MR.
+WARDEN'S observations leave an inference that the mistake may have there
+occurred; as, in such case, if the error had been discovered,--and by any
+altercation the son had refused to correct the mistake, which he could and
+ought to have consented to, after the failure of his own issue,--this
+alone, between two hasty tempers, would have been sufficient cause of
+quarrel, without reference to the question of marrying an own cousin, which
+is often very justly objectionable.
+
+WM. S. HESLEDEN.
+
+_Wapple, or Whapple-way_ (Vol. ix., p. 125.).--This name is common in the
+south, and means a bridle-way, or road in which carriages cannot pass. In
+Sussex these ways are usually short cuts through fields and woods, from one
+road or place to another. (See Halliwell's _Dictionary_, and Cooper's
+_Sussex Glossary_.) The derivation is not given by either writer.
+
+D.
+
+In Manning's _Surrey_, I find not any mention of this term; but apprehend
+it to be a corruption of the Norman-French, _vert plain_, "a green road or
+alley:" which, as our Saxon ancestors pronounced the _v_ as a _w_, easily
+slides into _war plain_ or _warple_. (See Du Cange, _Supp._, _in voce_
+"Plain.")
+
+C. H.
+
+_The Ducking-stool_ (Vol. viii., p.315.).--As late as the year 1824, a
+woman was convicted of being a common scold in the Court of Quarter
+Sessions of Philadelphia County, and sentenced "to be placed in a certain
+instrument of correction called a cucking or ducking-stool," and plunged
+three times into the water; but the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, upon the
+removal of the case by writ of error, decided that this punishment was
+obsolete, and contrary to the spirit of the age.
+
+Our fathers held the ducking-stool in higher respect, as appears from the
+following presentments of the grand juries of Philadelphia, the originals
+of which have been lately discovered. In January, 1717, they say (through
+William Fishbourne, their foreman),--
+
+    "Whereas it has been frequently and often presented by several former
+    grand juries for this city, the necessity of a ducking-stool and house
+    of correction for the just punishment of scolding, drunken women, as
+    well as divers other profligate and unruly persons in this place, who
+    are become a public nuisance and disturbance to this town in general;
+    therefore we, the present grand jury, do earnestly again present the
+    same to this court of quarter sessions for the city, desiring their
+    immediate care, that _those publick conveniences_ may not be any longer
+    delayed, but with all possible speed provided for the detection and
+    quieting such disorderly persons."
+
+Another, the date of which is not given, but which is signed by the same
+foreman, presents "Alsoe that a ducking-stoole be made for publick use,
+being very much wanting for scolding women," &c. And in 1720, another grand
+jury, of which Benjamin Duffield was foreman, say:
+
+    "The Grand Inquest, we taking in consideration the great disorders of
+    the turbulent and ill-behaviour of many people in this city, we present
+    the great necessity of a ducking-stool for such people according to
+    their deserts."
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Double Christian Names_ (Vol. ix., p. 45.).--It is surely not correct to
+say that the earliest instance of two Christian names is in the case of a
+person born in 1635. Surely Henry, Prince of Wales, the son of James I., is
+an earlier instance. Sir Thomas Strand Fairfax was certainly born before
+that date. Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey was probably an earlier instance; and
+Sir Robert Bruce Colton, the antiquary, certainly so. Writing at a distance
+from my books, I can only appeal to memory; but see Southey's _Common-Place
+Book_, vol. i. p. 510. Venables, in his _Travels in Russia_, {233} tells us
+that "a Russian has never more than one Christian name, which must be
+always that of a saint." To these a patronymic is often added of the
+father's name, with the addition _vich_, as in the case of the present
+Czar, Nicholas Paulovich, the son of Paul.
+
+W. DENTON.
+
+Torquay.
+
+_Pedigree to the Time of Alfred_ (Vol. viii., p. 586.).--Some ten or twelve
+years since I was staying at the King's Head Inn, Egham, Surrey (now
+defunct), when a fresh-looking, respectable man was pointed out to one as
+Mr. Wapshot, who had held an estate in the neighbourhood from his ancestors
+prior to the Conquest. He was not represented as a blacksmith, but as
+farming his own estate. I am not connected with Egham or the neighbourhood,
+or I would make farther inquiry.
+
+S. D.
+
+_Palace of Lucifer_ (Vol. v., p. 275.).--If R. T. has not observed it, I
+would refer him to the note in the Aldine edition of Milton, vol. iii. p.
+263., where I find "Luciferi domus" is the palace of the sun (see
+_Prolusiones_, p. 120.); and not, as T. WARTON conjectured, the abode of
+Satan.
+
+I. R. R.
+
+_Monaldeschi_ (Vol. viii., p. 34.).--_Relation du Meurte de Monaldeschi,
+poignardé par ordre de Christine, reine de Suède_, by Father de Bel, is to
+be found in a collection of curious papers printed at Cologne, 1664, in
+12mo. It is given at length in _Cristina's Revenge, and other Poems_, by J.
+M. Moffatt, London, printed for the author, 1821.
+
+E. D.
+
+_Anna Lightfoot_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.).--T. H. H. is referred to an
+elegantly printed pamphlet called _An Historical Fragment relative to her
+late Majesty Queen Caroline_, printed for J. & N. L. Hunt, London, 1824,
+which, from p. 44. to p. 50., contains a very circumstantial account of
+this extraordinary occurrence.
+
+E. D.
+
+_Lode_ (Vol. v., p. 345.).--It would not appear that this word means "an
+artificial watercourse," at least from its use at Tewkesbury, where there
+is still the _Lower Lode_, at which a ferry over the Severn still exists;
+and there was also the _Upper Lode_, until a bridge was erected over the
+river at that place. Will this help to show its proper meaning?
+
+I. R. R.
+
+"_To try and get_" (Vol. ix., p. 76.).--UNEDA inquires the origin of this
+erroneous mode of expression? Doubtless euphony, to avoid the alliteration
+of so many T's: "_t_o _t_he _t_heatre _t_o _t_ry and get," &c. But
+evidently the word _to_ is understood, though not supplied after the word
+_and_. Thus, "to try and (to) get," &c.
+
+CELCRENA.
+
+_Abbott Families_ (Vol. ix. p. 105.).--In reply to MR. ABBOTT'S Query, I
+have a pedigree of Samuel Abbott, born in 1637 or 1638; second son of Wm.
+Abbott of Sudbury, who was born 1603, and who was son to Charles Abbott of
+Hawkden and Sudbury, an alderman, which Charles was son to Wm. Abbott of
+Hawkden. This Samuel married Margaret, daughter to Thomas Spicer. Should
+MR. ABBOTT wish it, I would forward him a copy of the pedigree. I can trace
+no connexion between this family and that of Archbishop Abbott, whose
+father, Maurice Abbott of Guildford, was son of ---- Abbott of Farnham, co.
+Surrey.
+
+I wish especially to know what became of Thomas Abbott, only son of Robert,
+Bishop of Sarum; which Thomas dedicated his father's treatise against
+Bellarmine in 1619 to his uncle the Archbishop, calling himself in the
+preface, "imbellis homuncio." His sister was wife to Sir Nathaniel Brent,
+whose younger son Nathaniel left all his property to his cousin Maurice
+Abbott, of St. Andrew's, Holborn, Gent., in 1688; which Maurice was
+possibly son to Thomas.
+
+G. E. ADAMS.
+
+36. Lincoln's Inn Fields.
+
+"_Mairdil_" (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--Is there any affinity between the word
+_mairdil_, which is used in Forfarshire, to be overcome with fatigue for
+any oppressive or intricate piece of work, and the word _mardel_ or
+_mardle_, which signifies to gossip in Norfolk, as stated by MR. J. L.
+SISSON? What will H. C. K. say to this subject? Jamieson confines _mairdil_
+to an adjective, signifying unwieldy; but I have often heard work-people in
+Forfarshire declare they were "perfectly _mairdiled_" with a piece of heavy
+work, using the word as a passive verb. _Trachled_ has nearly the same
+meaning, but it is chiefly confined to describe fatigue arising from
+walking a long distance.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+_Bell at Rouen_ (Vol. viii., p. 448.).--Your valuable correspondent W.
+SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A., has probably taken his account of the great bell in
+the cathedral at Rouen from a note made before the French Revolution of
+1792-3, because the George d'Ambois, which was once considered the largest
+bell in Europe (it was thirteen feet high, and eleven feet in diameter),
+excepting that at Moscow, shared the destructive fate of many others at
+that eventful period, and was melted down for cannon. In 1814 the bulb of
+its clapper was outside the door of a blacksmith's shop, as you go out of
+the city towards Dieppe. It was pointed out to me by a friend with whom I
+was then travelling--a gentleman of the neighbourhood, who was at Rouen at
+the time it was brought there--and there, if I mistake not, but I cannot
+find my note, I saw it again within the last ten years.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Rectory, Clyst St. George.
+
+{234}
+
+_Smiths and Robinsons_ (Vol. ix., p. 148.).--Arms of Smith of Curdley, co.
+Lancaster: Argent, a cheveron sable between three roses gules, barbed, vert
+seeded, or.
+
+Robinson (of Yorkshire): Vert, a cheveron between three roebucks trippant
+or. Crest, a roebuck as in the arms. Motto, "Virtute non verbis."
+
+Robinson of Yorkshire, as borne by Lord Rokeby: Vert, on a cheveron or,
+between three bucks trippant of the last, as many quatrefoils gules. Crest,
+a roebuck trippant or.
+
+CID.
+
+_Churchill's Grave_ (Vol. ix., p. 123.).--If I am not mistaken, there is a
+tablet to the memory of Churchill, with a more lengthy inscription, within
+the church of St. Mary, Dover, towards the western end of the south aisle.
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+Before proceeding to notice any of the books which we have received this
+week, we will call the attention of the publishing world to two important
+works which we know to be now wanting a publisher, namely, I. _A
+Syriac-English Lexicon to the New Testament and Book of Psalms_, arranged
+alphabetically, with the derivatives referred to their proper roots, and a
+companion of the principal words in the cognate languages; and II. _A
+Syriac-English Grammar_, translated and abridged from Hoffman's larger
+work.
+
+Samuel Pepys is the dearest old gossip that ever lived; and every new
+edition of his incomparable Diary will serve but to increase his reputation
+as the especial chronicler of his age. Every page of it abounds not only in
+curious indications of the tone and feelings of the times, and the
+character of the writer, but also in most graphic illustrations of the
+social condition of the country. It is this that renders it a work which
+calls for much careful editing and illustrative annotation, and
+consequently gives to every succeeding edition new value. Well pleased are
+we, therefore, to receive from Lord Braybrooke a fourth edition, revised
+and corrected, of the _Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys_. and well
+pleased to offer our testimony to the great care with which its noble
+editor has executed his duties. Thanks to his good judgment, and to the
+great assistance which he acknowledges to have received from Messrs.
+Holmes, Peter Cunningham, Yeowell, &c., his fourth edition is by far the
+best which has yet appeared, and is the one which must hereafter be
+referred to as the standard one. The Index, too, has been revised and
+enlarged, which adds no little to the value of the book.
+
+Mr. Murray has broken fresh ground in his _British Classics_ by the
+publication of the first volume of Gibbon's _Decline and Fall of the Roman
+Empire, with Notes and Preface by Dean Milman and M. Guizot_, and edited,
+with Notes, by Dr. Smith. If the publisher showed good tact in selecting
+Mr. P. Cunningham for editor of _Goldsmith_, he has shown no less in
+entrusting the editing of his new Gibbon to Dr. Smith, whose various
+Dictionaries point him out as peculiarly fitted for such a task. In such
+well practised hands, therefore, there can be little doubt as to the mode
+in which the labour of editing will be conducted; and a very slight glance
+at the getting up of this first volume will serve to prove that, for a
+library edition of Gibbon, while this is the cheapest it will be also the
+handsomest ever offered to the public.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--Macaulay's _Critical and Historical Essays, People's
+Edition_, Part I. The first issue of an edition of these admirable Essays,
+which will, when completed, cost only Seven Shillings! Can cheapness go
+much lower?--_Adventures in the Wilds of North America_, by Charles Lanman,
+_edited_ by C. R. Wild, forming Parts LV. and LVI. of Longman's
+_Traveller's Library_. These adventures, partly piscatorial, are of
+sufficient interest to justify their publication even without the
+_imprimatur_, which they have received, of so good a critic as Washington
+Irving.--Darling's _Cyclopædia Bibliographica_, Part XVII., extends from
+Andrew Rivet to William Shepheard.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+LONDON LABOUR AND LONDON POOR. Nos. XLIV. and LXIV. to End of Work.
+
+MRS. GORE'S BANKER'S WIFE.
+
+TALES BY A BARRISTER.
+
+SCHILLER'S WALLENSTEIN, translated by Coleridge. Smith's Classical Library.
+
+GOETHE'S FAUST (English). Smith's Classical Library.
+
+THE CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. London, 1828. 12mo.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+A MEMOIR OF THE LIFE OF JAMES STANLEY, Seventh Earl of Derby, by W. H.
+Whatton, Esq. Published by Fisher, Newgate Street.
+
+HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ELECTION. London, 1794. 1 Vol. 4to.
+
+  Wanted by _G. Cornewall Lewis_, Kent House, Knightsbridge.
+
+A MAP, PLAN, AND REPRESENTATIONS of Interesting and Remarkable places
+connected with ANCIENT LONDON (large size).
+
+A Copy of an early number of "The Times" Newspaper, or of the "Morning
+Chronicle," "Morning Post," or "Morning Herald." The nearer the
+commencement preferred.
+
+Copies or Facsimiles of other Old Newspapers.
+
+A Copy of THE BREECHES or other Old Bible.
+
+  Wanted by _Mr. Joseph Simpson_, Librarian, Literary and Scientific
+      Institution, Islington, London.
+
+PERCY SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS. Nos. XCIII. and XCIV.
+
+  Wanted by _G. J. Hargreaves_, Stretford, near Manchester.
+
+CAMBRIDGE INSTALLATION ODE, 1835, by Chr. Wordsworth. 4to. Edition.
+
+KITCHENER'S ECONOMY OF THE EYES. Part II.
+
+BROWN'S ANECDOTES OF DOGS.
+
+---- ---- ---- OF ANIMALS.
+
+  Wanted by _Fred. Dinsdale_, Esq., Leamington.
+
+{235}
+
+ENQUIRY AFTER HAPPINESS. The Third Part. By Richard Lucas, D.D. Sixth
+Edition. 1734.
+
+  Wanted by _Rev. John James_, Avington Rectory, Hungerford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+M. "Scarborough Warning."--_This expression has been fully explained in
+our_ First Volume, p. 138.
+
+J. C. B., _who writes respecting_ The Gregorian Tones, _is referred to our_
+Sixth Volume, pp. 99. 178., _and our_ Seventh Volume, p. 136.
+
+R. N. (Liverpool). _There are many letters of Charles I. among the MSS. in
+the British Museum. We do not know where the Cabinet taken at Naseby is
+preserved._
+
+OXON. Entire, _as applied to beer, signifies that it is drawn entirely from
+one butt. Formerly the favourite beer was a mixture of ale or beer and
+twopenny, until a brewer named Harwood produced a beer with the same
+flavour, which he called_ entire _or_ entire butt.
+
+G. W. T. _Old Rowley was the name of a celebrated stallion belonging to
+Charles II._
+
+C. H. N., _who writes respecting_ Royal Arms in Churches, _is referred to
+our_ Sixth Volume passim.
+
+TOM TELL-TALE _is thanked. We are in possession of information respecting
+the drawings in question; but shall be glad to know of any other
+purchasers._
+
+CAVEAT EMPTOR. _We have lately seen a curious pseudo-letter of Cromwell,
+the history of which we may perhaps lay before our readers._
+
+FRANCIS BEAUFORT. _The copy of the_ Biblia Sacra Latina _to which our
+Correspondent refers, is now in the possession of Mr. Brown, bookseller,
+130. Old Street_.
+
+J. O. _We have forwarded the book you so kindly sent to the gentleman for
+whom you intended it._
+
+COMUS _may have a copy of the_ Epitome of Locke _on applying to Mr. Olive
+Lasbury, bookseller, Bristol_.
+
+HUGH HENDERSON (Glasgow). _The fault must be in the quality of your
+pyrogallic. You need have no difficulty in obtaining it pure of some of the
+photographic chemists, and whose advertisements appear in our columns._
+
+A. F. G. (March 1st.). _All papers for photographic purposes improve by
+keeping. When you have thoroughly satisfied yourself of the goodness of a
+sample, secure all you can; it will repay you well by time. Consult our
+advertising columns for your market, which we prefer not to indicate._
+
+_Errata._--Vol. ix., p. 75., col. 1. 9th line, for "previous" read
+"precious"; p. 136., col. 1. line 3, for "carre" read "cane;" p. 200., col.
+1. 12th line from bottom, for "Richard I." read "Henry I."
+
+OUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d.,
+cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up,
+price 4l. 4s.--For these early application is desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS.--A retired Clergyman having been restored to health
+in a few days, after many years of great nervous suffering, is anxious to
+make known to others the MEANS of a CURE; will therefore send free, on
+receiving a stamped envelope, properly addressed, a copy of the
+prescription used.
+
+Direct the REV. E. DOUGLASS, 18. Holland Street, Brixton, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square
+(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
+Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these
+pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,
+signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the
+undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined
+the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great
+pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears
+to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a
+richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while
+the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the
+library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.
+Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E.
+F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.
+Hassé, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.
+Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
+Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry
+Phillips, F. Praegar, K. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, R.
+Roekel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
+
+D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads,
+in iron, brass, japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany, rosewood, and
+walnut-tree woods; also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
+Quilts.
+
+HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.
+
+THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental
+Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
+
+                                            £  s. d.
+  A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent
+    Process                                 1  1  0
+  Additional Copies (each)                  0  5  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (small size)                            3  3  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (larger size)                           5  5  0
+
+Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed
+and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,
+Churches, &c., taken at a short notice.
+
+Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.
+
+Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
+168. New Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARUNDEL SOCIETY.--The Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3), consisting
+of Eight Wood Engravings by MESSRS. DALZIEL, from Mr. W. Oliver Williams'
+Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos at PADUA, is now ready: and Members who
+have not paid their Subscriptions are requested to forward them to the
+Treasurer by Post-Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross Office.
+
+          JOHN J. ROGERS,
+              Treasurer and Hon. Sec.
+  13. & 14. Pall Mall East.
+      March, 1854.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PEOPLE'S EDITION of the ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Invasion
+of Julius Cæsar to the Accession of Queen Victoria. By HUME, SMOLLETT, and
+HUGHES. With Copious Notes, the Author's last Corrections, Improvements,
+and Enlargement. Also Historical Illustrations, Autographs, and Portraits.
+To be published in crown 8vo., Weekly, in Seventy-two Parts, at One
+Shilling each: and in Monthly Volumes, price Four Shillings, bound in
+cloth.
+
+The Publication will commence on the 3rd of April, and be continued
+regularly until the Work is completed.
+
+In accordance with the universal desire of obtaining the best books at the
+cheapest possible price, the Historical Works of HUME, SMOLLETT, and
+HUGHES, are now submitted to the public: it being the object of the
+Publisher to place within the reach of all classes of readers, in a
+succession of weekly parts and monthly volumes, a more complete HISTORY OF
+ENGLAND than any extant.
+
+The eventful period in the annals of Britain which has elapsed since the
+age of Smollett, whose volumes close with the reign of George the Second,
+demands a faithful and impartial record; and this portion of our National
+History, continued by the REV. T. S. HUGHES, late Christian Advocate at
+Cambridge, will be printed from the corrected text of the third octavo
+edition, which was almost entirely rewritten.
+
+The additional volumes, containing a narrative of important events,
+commence with the accession of George the Third, and will be continued to
+the accession of Queen Victoria.
+
+The Work will be completed in eighteen volumes, and embellished with
+numerous Engravings on Steel, entirely re-engraved for this Edition,
+comprising a selection of historical illustrations from Bowyer's History of
+England, and from paintings by the most eminent masters, with portraits of
+all the sovereigns from the Norman Conquest, according to the costume of
+the different ages, and authentic facsimiles of their autographs.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SURPLICES.
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire, has prepared his usual large Supply
+of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of EASTER.
+
+PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway Stations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{236}
+
+COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
+by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and
+uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
+faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent
+in the hands of the photographer.
+
+Albumenised paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
+minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
+
+Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.
+
+Instruction in the Processes.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative
+Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+*** Catalogues sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
+of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
+to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
+employed by
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte
+Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
+Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS,
+Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the Photographic Institution, Bond Street:
+and at the Manufactory as above, where every description of Cameras,
+Slides, and Tripods may be had. The Trade supplied.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 189. Strand, have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
+Post. 1s. 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on
+receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 15. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF SAFES AND LOCKS.--These safes are the most secure from
+force, fraud, and fire. Chubb's locks, with all the recent improvements,
+cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Complete lists, with prices, will be sent
+on application.
+
+CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;
+16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE by MODERATE PREMIUMS.
+
+The SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT of the SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION (the only
+Society in which the advantages of Mutual Assurance can be secured by
+Moderate Premiums) is now Published, and may be had free, on application.
+
+THE RESULTS OF BUSINESS EFFECTED IN 1853 ARE:--
+
+  1. Number of proposals accepted                   716
+
+  2. Amount of new assurances exclusive
+  of annuities                           £309,393  0  0
+                                          -------------
+  3. Amount of annual premiums
+  on new assurances                        £8,038 12  5
+
+  4. Amount of single payments on
+  ditto                                    10,729  2  8
+                                           ------------
+  -------- New premiums received
+  during the year                        £18,767  15  1
+                                         --------------
+  5. Amount of claims by death
+  during the year                         £23,526  5  0
+                                          -------------
+  6. Addition to realised fund, arising
+  entirely from accumulated
+  premiums during the
+  year                                    £50,459  0  0
+                                           ------------
+
+BIENNIAL PROGRESS OF BUSINESS DURING THE LAST TEN YEARS.
+
+           |   Number     |   Amount of   | Accumulated
+  In       |   of New     |      New      | Fund at End
+  Years.   |  Policies.   |   Assurances  | of Period.
+  ---------+--------------+---------------+-------------
+           |              |     £         |      £
+  1844-45  |    658       |  281,082      |   69,009
+  1846-47  |    888       |  404,734      |   95,705
+  1848-49  |    907       |  410,933      |  131,406
+  1850-51  |   1378       |  535,137      |  207,803
+  1852-53  |   1269       |  587,118      |  305,134
+
+MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
+
+THE SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION combines the advantage of Participation
+in the whole Profits with moderate Premiums.
+
+The premiums are as low as those of the non-participating scale of the
+proprietary companies. They admit of being so not only with safety, but
+with ample reversion of profits to the policy-holders, being free from the
+burden of payment of dividend to shareholders.
+
+At the first division of surplus in the present year, bonus additions were
+made to policies which had come within the participating class, varying
+from 20 to 54 per cent. on their amount.
+
+In all points of practice--as in the provision for the indefeasibility of
+policies, facility of licence for travelling or residence abroad, and of
+obtaining advances on the value of the policies--the regulations of the
+Society, as well as the administration, are as liberal as is consistent
+with right principle.
+
+Policies now issued free of stamp duty.
+
+Copies of the last annual report, containing full explanations of the
+principles, may be had on application to the Head Office in Edinburgh; of
+the Society's Provincial Agent: or of the Resident Secretary, London
+Branch.
+
+  JAMES WATSON, Manager.
+  GEORGE GRANT, Resident Secretary.
+
+London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.
+
+The London Branch will be removed on 25th March to the Society's New
+Premises, 66. Gracechurch Street, corner of Fenchurch Street, City.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold. 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       £   s.  d. | Age       £   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8
+   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6
+   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 11,
+1854.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 228, March
+11, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAR 11, 1854 ***
+
+***** This file should be named 32506-8.txt or 32506-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 228, March 11, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 228, March 11, 1854
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: May 24, 2010 [EBook #32506]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAR 11, 1854 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian
+Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;">
+<tr>
+<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top">
+Transcriber's note:
+</td>
+<td>
+A few typographical errors have been corrected. They
+appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the
+explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked
+passage.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><!-- Page 213 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page213"></a>{213}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 228.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, March 11. 1854</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Fourpence<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Where are the Wills to be deposited?</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page215">215</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>"J. R. of Cork"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page217">217</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Marmortinto, or Sand-painting</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page217">217</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>The Soldier's Discipline, from a Broadside of the Year 1642</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page218">218</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Leading Articles of Foreign Newspapers</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page218">218</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;Materials for a History
+      of Druidism&mdash;Domestic Chapels&mdash;Ordinary&mdash;Thom's Irish
+      Almanac and Official Directory for 1854&mdash;Antiquity of the Word
+      "Snub"&mdash;Charles I. at Little Woolford&mdash;Coincidence between
+      Sir Thomas Browne and Bishop Ken&mdash;The English School of
+      Painting&mdash;"A Feather in your Cap"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page219">219</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Domestic Architecture: Licences to Crenellate, by J. H. Parker</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page220">220</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Dixon of Beeston, by R. W. Dixon, J.P.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page221">221</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Atherstone
+      Family&mdash;Classic Authors and the Jews&mdash;Bishop Hooper's
+      Argument on the Vestment Controversy&mdash;The Title of
+      "Dominus"&mdash;The De Rous Family&mdash;Where was the Fee of S.
+      Sanxon?&mdash;Russian Emperors&mdash;Episcopal Insignia of the
+      Eastern Church&mdash;Amontillado Sherry&mdash;Col. Michael Smith's
+      Family&mdash;Pronunciation of Foreign Names&mdash;Artesian
+      Wells&mdash;Norman Towers in London&mdash;Papyrus&mdash;Mathew, a
+      Cornish Family</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page221">221</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with Answers</span>:&mdash;Bunyan's
+      Descendants&mdash;Epigram on Dennis&mdash;Football played on Shrove
+      Tuesday&mdash;Vossioner, its Meaning&mdash;The Game of Chess&mdash;A
+      Juniper Letter</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page223">223</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Clarence</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page224">224</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page225">225</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Three Fleurs-de-Lys</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page225">225</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books burned by the Common Hangman, by C. H. Cooper, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page226">226</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Different Productions of different Carcases</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page227">227</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Vandyke in America, by J. Balch</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page228">228</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:&mdash;Cyanide
+      of Potassium&mdash;Mode of exciting Calotype Paper&mdash;The Double
+      Iodide Solution: Purity of Photographic Chemicals&mdash;Hyposulphite
+      of Soda Baths</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page230">230</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Daughters
+      taking their Mothers' Names&mdash;The Young Pretender&mdash;A Legend
+      of the Hive&mdash;Hoby Family&mdash;Anticipatory Use of the
+      Cross&mdash;Longevity&mdash;"Nugget"&mdash;The fifth Lord
+      Byron&mdash;Wapple, or Whapple-way&mdash;The
+      Ducking-stool&mdash;Double Christian Names&mdash;Pedigree to the Time
+      of Alfred&mdash;Palace of Lucifer&mdash;Monaldeschi&mdash;Anna
+      Lightfoot&mdash;Lode, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page230">230</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notes on Books, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page234">234</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page234">234</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page235">235</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Now ready, No. VI., 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, published
+Quarterly.</p>
+
+  <p>RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon,
+  Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old
+  Books.</p>
+
+  <p>Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, is also
+  ready.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
+London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">THE ECLECTIC REVIEW for
+MARCH, price 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, contains:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>1. D'Israeli.&mdash;A Literary and Political Biography.</p>
+      <p>2. The Theory of Food.</p>
+      <p>3. The Autobiography of a Dissenting Minister.</p>
+      <p>4. Lord Holland's History of the Whig Party.</p>
+      <p>5. Sanitary Farming.</p>
+      <p>6. St. John's Search of Beauty.</p>
+      <p>7. Christianity, and its Modern Assailants.</p>
+      <p>8. The Caucasus, and the Country between the Euxine and the Caspian.</p>
+      <p class="i2">Review of the Month, &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<p class="cenhead">THE HOMILIST for MARCH,
+price 1<i>s.</i>, contains:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>1. The Master Impulse of True Progress.</p>
+      <p>2. Hinderance to Prayer. By Rev. David Cook, Dundee.</p>
+      <p>3. The Terrible Hypothesis; or the Irrevocable Fate.</p>
+      <p>4. Saul; or, Humanity Consciously Deserted of God.</p>
+      <p>5. The Widow's Mite; or the Transcendent Worth of True Feeling.</p>
+      <p>6. The Burial of Christ; a Display of Three-fold Power.</p>
+      <p>7. Psalm 47,&mdash;the Moral Mirror of the Good.</p>
+      <p>8. The Genius of the Gospel.</p>
+      <p class="i2">Reviews, &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<p class="cenhead">WARD &amp; CO., 27. Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Valuable LITURGICAL WORKS.</p>
+
+  <p>LITURGIES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.&mdash;Liturgical Services, 1558-1601;
+  being the Liturgies and occasional Forms of Prayer set forth in the reign
+  of Queen Elizabeth. Now first collected and edited, with Preface and
+  Notes, by WM. KEATINGE CLAY, B.D., Canon of Ely. One handsome volume,
+  8vo., containing 695 pp. beautifully printed at the Cambridge University
+  Press. Cloth extra, price 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Also,</p>
+
+  <p>PRIVATE PRAYERS put forth by Authority during the reign of Queen
+  Elizabeth. Including the Primer of 1559; the Orarium of 1560; the Preces
+  Privatæ, 1564; the Book of Christian Prayers of 1578; with an Appendix
+  containing the Litany of 1544. Now first collected and edited, with
+  Preface and Notes, by WM. KEATINGE CLAY, B.D., Canon of Ely. One handsome
+  volume, 8vo., containing 576 pp., beautifully printed at the Cambridge
+  University Press. Cloth extra. Price 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: WILLIAM BROWN, 130, 131, and
+132. Old Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE for 1854. THE REVISED AND IMPROVED
+  EDITION OF THE PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE for 1854.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">By SIR J. BERNARD BURKE,
+Ulster King of Arms,</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Is NOW READY AT ALL THE BOOKSELLERS.</p>
+
+  <p>Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST &amp; BLACKETT,
+  13. Great Marlborough Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>TO BOOK COLLECTORS.&mdash;MILLARD'S CATALOGUE of 10,000 vols. of
+  Second-hand Books, Gratis: including Encyclopædia Britannica, 7th and
+  last edition, cloth, 16 guineas; another half russia, gilt, 17 Guineas;
+  another, 6th edition, calf, fine copy, 12 Guineas. Illustrated London
+  News, complete to end of 1853, clean as new, cloth, 13<i>l.</i>
+  10<i>s.</i> Penny Cyclopædia and Supplement, 29 vols., half calf,
+  7<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> Henry's Bible, by Bickersteth, 6 vols. 4to., new
+  half calf, 4<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> Dr. Adam Clarke's Bible, 6 vols. cloth,
+  new, 2<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i> D'Oyly's and Mant's Bible, 3 vols. 4to., new,
+  half calf, 3<i>l.</i>; large paper, calf, 3<i>l.</i> 13<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> Nash's Mansions of England, 4 vols. fol., new, half morocco, 8
+  Guineas. Abbotsford Waverley Novels, 12 vols., new, half calf, extra, 9
+  Guineas. Magistrate's Edition of Statutes, 1835 to 1852, 18 vols. 4to.,
+  half law calf, 6 Guineas. Tegg's London Encyclopædia, 45 vols., uncut,
+  4<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i> Taylor's Edition of Plato's Works, 5 vols. 4to.,
+  half morocco, 5 Guineas.&mdash;Libraries purchased.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">70. NEWGATE STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>A CATALOGUE OF A COLLECTION OF ANCIENT AND MODERN BOOKS, comprising
+  History, Biography, Fine Arts, Chess, Poetry, Drama, Voyages, and
+  Travels, including a Collection of Works relating to America. Offered for
+  Sale at the exceedingly low prices for Cash only, by CHARLES SKEET, 10.
+  King William Street, Charing Cross.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">To be had Gratis on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">CHOICE AND VALUABLE BOOKS.</p>
+
+  <p>MESSRS. UPHAM &amp; BEET (late RODWELL) having recently made great
+  addition to their EXTENSIVE STOCK OF BOOKS in all Languages, beg
+  respectfully to invite an inspection of them. CATALOGUES are NOW ready,
+  and will be sent by Post on receipt of Two Stamps.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">45. New Bond Street, corner of Maddox Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">ONLY A FEW COPIES REMAINING!</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Of the FORMER SERIES of the</p>
+
+  <p>JOURNAL OF SACRED LITERATURE. Edited by JOHN KITTO, D.D., F.S.A. In 7
+  vols. 8vo., cloth, lettered, comprising some hundreds of original
+  criticisms and papers, and Notes and Queries bearing on biblical
+  subjects. Offered till the 30th of April, unless all sold previously, for
+  2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">BLACKADER &amp; CO., 13. Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 214 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page214"></a>{214}</span></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">HISTORICAL WORKS
+PUBLISHED BY
+WILLIAM BLACKWOOD &amp; SONS.</p>
+
+  <p>THE HISTORY OF EUROPE from 1815 to 1852. By SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON,
+  BART.</p>
+
+  <p>To be completed in Five Volumes 8vo., price 15<i>s.</i> each.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><span class="sc">Contents of Volume I.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Chap. 1. General Sketch of the whole Period.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3">2. History of England: 1815-16.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3">3. History of France from the Second Restoration of Louis XVIII. to the Ordinance of Sept. 1816.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3">4. Domestic History of England: 1817-19.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3">5. Progress of Literature, Science, the Arts, &amp;c., after the War.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3">6. France from the Coup d'Etat of Sept. 1816 to the Creation of Peers in 1819.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3"><span class="sc">Contents of Volume II.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Chap. 7. Spain and Italy: 1814-20.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3">8. Russia and Poland 1815-25.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3">9. Royalist Reaction in France: 1819-21.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3">10. Domestic History of England: 1819-22.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3">11. England, France, and Spain, from the Accession of Villèle in 1819 to the Congress of Verona in 1822.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3">12. Congress of Verona&mdash;French Invasion of Spain&mdash;Death of Louis XVIII.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>(Volume III. will be published in the Spring.)</p>
+
+  <p>ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE during the FRENCH REVOLUTION. Library
+  Edition, in Fourteen Volumes 8vo., with Portraits, price 10<i>l.</i>
+  10<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>The SAME WORK in Twenty Volumes post 8vo., price 6<i>l.</i></p>
+
+  <p>PEOPLE'S EDITION of the Same Work now publishing, to be completed in
+  Twelve Volumes, price 4<i>s.</i> each.</p>
+
+  <p>The ATLAS of 105 Coloured Maps and Plans of Countries, Battles,
+  Sieges, and Sea Fights, with a Vocabulary of Military and Marine Terms,
+  to illustrate "Alison's Europe." By A. KEITH JOHNSTONE, F.R.S.E. In demy
+  4to., price 3<i>l.</i> 3<i>s.</i>; in crown 4to., price 2<i>l.</i>
+  12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Also, a PEOPLE'S EDITION, now publishing, in Half-a-Crown Parts.</p>
+
+  <p>THE EPITOME of ALISON'S EUROPE: for the Use of Schools. Post. 8vo.,
+  price, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> bound.</p>
+
+  <p>GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: a Historical View of the Greek Nation, from
+  the Time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman
+  Empire, <span class="scac">B.C.</span> 146, to <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 717. By GEORGE FINLAY, Esq. 8vo.,
+  16<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">By the same Author,</p>
+
+  <p>HISTORY of the BYZANTINE EMPIRE from DCCXVI. to MLVII. 8vo.,
+  12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">By the same Author,</p>
+
+  <p>HISTORY OF GREECE, from its Conquest by the Crusaders to its Conquest
+  by the Turks, and of the Empire of Trebizond, 1204-1461. 8vo.,
+  12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">By the Author of "Cyril Thornton."</p>
+
+  <p>ANNALS OF THE PENINSULAR CAMPAIGNS. By THOMAS HAMILTON, Esq. A New
+  Edition, edited by F. Hardman, Esq. 8vo., 16<i>s.</i> Atlas of Maps to
+  Illustrate the Campaigns, 12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>LIVES of the QUEENS of SCOTLAND, and ENGLISH PRINCESSES CONNECTED with
+  the REGAL SUCCESSION of GREAT BRITAIN. By AGNES STRICKLAND. With
+  Portraits and Historical Vignettes. In Six Vols. post 8vo., 10<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> each. Four Volumes are published.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">45. George Street, Edinburgh; and 37. Paternoster
+Row, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">A NEW HISTORICAL TALE</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Is Commenced in No. 10. of</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">THE HOME COMPANION,</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">An Illustrated Family Magazine.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Which also contains:</p>
+
+  <div class="contents">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>THE TURCO-RUSSIAN FRONTIERS ON THE BLACK SEA.</p>
+      <p>THE FEN COUNTRY&mdash;HOW RECLAIMED.</p>
+      <p>COMBATS WITH KING FROST.</p>
+      <p>DIS-ILLUSION.</p>
+      <p>WHAT BESSIE'S GOWN COST.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Published Weekly, price Three Halfpence, in a neat Wrapper: and may be
+  had of all Booksellers in Town and Country, or of the Publishers,</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">WM. S. ORR &amp; CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE HOME COMPANION for the present Week commences a NEW HISTORICAL
+  ROMANCE, with an Illustration: A VIEW AND DESCRIPTION OF SEBASTOPOL AND
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+
+<p class="cenhead">London: WM. S. ORR &amp; CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>GUI DE ST. FLORE, an Historical Romance, is now publishing in "THE
+  HOME COMPANION," an Illustrated Weekly Magazine. Price Three
+  Halfpence.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: WM. S. ORR &amp; CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>SEBASTOPOL is Described and Illustrated in "THE HOME COMPANION." an
+  Illustrated Weekly Journal. Price Three Halfpence.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: WM. S. ORR &amp; CO., Amen Corner, Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">PROFESSOR JOHNSTON'S
+CHEMISTRY OF COMMON LIFE.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">No. IV., price 10<i>d.</i>, contains</p>
+
+  <p>THE BEVERAGES WE INFUSE.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">The previous Numbers contain:</p>
+
+  <p>1. THE AIR WE BREATHE, and THE WATER WE DRINK. 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>2. THE SOIL WE CULTIVATE, and THE PLANT WE REAR. 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>3. THE BREAD WE EAT, and THE BEEF WE COOK. 8<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">WILLIAM BLACKWOOD &amp; SONS,
+Edinburgh and London.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Sold by all Booksellers.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">NEW PUBLICATIONS.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Two vols. post 8vo., cloth, 21<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>PURPLE TINTS OF PARIS: CHARACTER and MANNERS in the NEW EMPIRE. By
+  BAYLE ST. JOHN, Author of "Two Years' Residence in a Levantine Family,"
+  &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>A VISIT TO PORTUGAL AND MADEIRA. By the LADY EMMELINE STUART WORTLEY.
+  Post 8vo., cloth, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE LIFE OF JEROME CARDAN, of Milan, Physician. By HENRY MORLEY,
+  Author of "Palissy the Potter," &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>BURNS. By THOMAS CARLYLE. Forming the New Volume of "Reading for
+  Travellers." Price 1<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: CHAPMAN &amp; HALL.<br />
+193. Piccadilly.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">This Day is published,</p>
+
+  <p>HISTORY OF THE FRENCH PROTESTANT REFUGEES, FROM THE REVOCATION OF THE
+  EDICT OF NANTES. By CHARLES WEISS, Professor of History in the Lycée
+  Buonaparte. Translated, with the assistance of the Author, by FREDERICK
+  HARDMAN. In demy octavo, price 14<i>s.</i>, cloth.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">WILLIAM BLACKWOOD &amp; SONS,<br />
+Edinburgh and London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">RARE BOOKS AND PAINTINGS,</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">To be sold, the Property of a Gentleman,</p>
+
+  <p>THE GREAT ELZEVIR BIBLE, with the Maps and exquisite coloured Plates,
+  in original brass-bound binding, 1663. Complete. Price 32<i>l.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE SYNOD OF DORT: Original Black-letter Report of the Proceedings,
+  with Manuscript Contemporary Annotations in Latin and Old Dutch, 1619.
+  Unique. Price 10<i>l.</i> 10<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>WOUVERMAN. An exquisite Cabinet Painting by PHILLIP WOUVERMAN. Price
+  105<i>l.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">The above may be seen at MR. HARRISON'S,
+Bookseller, 59. Pall Mall.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Multæ terricollis linguæ, c&oelig;lestibus una.</p>
+
+  <div class="figleft" style="width:10%;">
+      <a href="images/bagster.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/bagster.png"
+      alt="monogram" title="monogram" /></a>
+  </div>
+<h3>SAMUEL BAGSTER
+AND SONS'</h3>
+
+  <p>GENERAL CATALOGUE is now Free by Post. It contains Lists of Quarto
+  Family Bibles: Ancient English Translations: Manuscript-notes Bibles;
+  Polyglot Bibles in every variety of Size and Combination of Languages;
+  Parallel-passages Bibles; Greek Critical and other Testaments; Polyglot
+  Books of Common Prayer; Psalms in English, Hebrew, and many other
+  Languages, in great variety; Aids to the Study of the Old Testament and
+  of the New Testament; and Miscellaneous Biblical and other Works. By Post
+  Free.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: SAMUEL BAGSTER &amp; SONS,
+15. Paternoster Row.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span title="Pollai men thnêtois Glôttai, mia d' Athanatoisin" class="grk">&Pi;&omicron;&lambda;&lambda;&alpha;&iota; &mu;&epsilon;&nu; &theta;&nu;&eta;&tau;&omicron;&iota;&sigmaf; &Gamma;&lambda;&omega;&tau;&tau;&alpha;&iota;, &mu;&iota;&alpha; &delta;' &Alpha;&theta;&alpha;&nu;&alpha;&tau;&omicron;&iota;&sigma;&iota;&nu;</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 215 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page215"></a>{215}</span></p>
+
+<h3>WHERE ARE THE WILLS TO BE DEPOSITED?</h3>
+
+  <p>The difficulties thrown in the way of all literary and historical
+  inquiries, by the peculiar constitution of the Prerogative Office,
+  Doctors' Commons, have long been a subject of just complaint. An attempt
+  was made by <span class="sc">The Camden Society</span>, in 1848, to
+  procure their removal, by a Memorial addressed to the Archbishop of
+  Canterbury, which we now print, because it sets forth, plainly and
+  distinctly, the nature and extent of those difficulties.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead">"To the Most Rev. and the Right Hon. The Lord
+Archbishop of Canterbury.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">"The humble Memorial of the President and Council
+of the Camden Society, respectfully showeth,</p>
+
+  <p>"That the Camden Society was instituted in the year 1838, for the
+  publication of early historical and literary remains.</p>
+
+  <p>"It has the honour to be patronised by H.R.H. the Prince Albert; and
+  has supported, from its institution, by the countenance and subscription
+  of your Grace's predecessor in the See of Canterbury.</p>
+
+  <p>"The Society has published forty volumes of works relating to English
+  History, and continues to be actively engaged in researches connected
+  with the same important branch of literature.</p>
+
+  <p>"In the course of its proceedings, the Society has had brought under
+  its notice the manner in which the regulations of the Prerogative Office
+  in Doctors' Commons interfere with the accuracy and completeness of works
+  in the preparation of which the Council is now engaged, and with the
+  pursuits and labours of all other historical inquirers; and they beg
+  leave respectfully to submit to your Grace the results of certain
+  investigations which they have made upon the subject.</p>
+
+  <p>"Besides the original wills deposited in the Office of the Prerogative
+  Court, there is kept in the same repository a long series of register
+  books, containing copies of wills entered chronologically from <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1383 to the present time. These registers or
+  books of entry fall practically into two different divisions or classes.
+  The earlier and the latter books contain information suited to the wants
+  of totally different kinds of persons, and applicable to entirely
+  different purposes. Their custody is also of very different importance to
+  the office. The class which is first both in number of books and in
+  importance contains entries of modern wills. These are daily consulted by
+  relatives of testators, by claimants and solicitors, principally for
+  legal purposes, and yield a large revenue to the office in fees paid for
+  searches, inspections, and copies. The second class, which comprises a
+  comparatively small number of volumes, contains entries of ancient wills,
+  dated before the period during which wills are now useful for legal
+  purposes. These are never consulted by lawyers or claimants, nor do they
+  yield any revenue to the office, save an occasional small receipt from
+  the Camden Society, or from some similar body, or private literary
+  inquirer.</p>
+
+  <p>"With respect to the original wills, and the entries of modern wills,
+  your memorialists beg to express clearly that this application is not
+  designed to have any reference to them. Your memorialists confine their
+  remarks exclusively to the books of entries of those ancient wills which
+  have long and unquestionably ceased to be useful for legal purposes.</p>
+
+  <p>"These entries of ancient wills are of the very highest importance to
+  historical inquirers. They abound with illustrations of manners and
+  customs; they exhibit in the most authentic way the state of religion,
+  the condition of the various classes of the people, and of society in
+  general; they are invaluable to the lexicographer, the genealogist, the
+  topographer, the biographer,&mdash;to historical writers of every order
+  and kind. They constitute the most important depository in existence of
+  exact information relating to events and persons of the period to which
+  they relate.</p>
+
+  <p>"But all this information is unavailable in consequence of the
+  regulations of the office in which the wills are kept. All the books of
+  entry, both of ancient and modern wills, are kept together, and can only
+  be consulted in the same department of the same office, in the same
+  manner and subject to precisely the same restrictions and the same
+  payments. No distinction is made between the fees to be paid by a
+  literary person who wishes to make a few notes from wills, perhaps three
+  or four hundred years old, in order to rectify a fact, a name, a date, or
+  to establish the proper place of a descent in a pedigree, or the exact
+  meaning of a doubtful word, and the fees to be paid by the person who
+  wants a copy of a will proved yesterday as evidence of a right to
+  property perhaps to be established in a court of justice. No extract is
+  allowed to be made, not even of a word or a date, except the names of the
+  executors and the date of the will. Printed statements in historical
+  books, which refer to wills, may not be compared with the wills as
+  entered; even ancient copies of wills handed down for many generations in
+  the families of the testators, may not be examined in the registered
+  wills without paying the office for making new and entire copies.</p>
+
+  <p>"No such restrictions exclude literary inquirers from the British
+  Museum, where there are papers equally valuable. The Public Record
+  Offices are all open, either gratuitously or upon payment of easy fees.
+  The Secretary of State for the Home Department grants permission of
+  access to her Majesty's State Paper Office. Your Grace's predecessor gave
+  the Camden Society free access to the registers of wills at
+  Lambeth&mdash;documents exactly similar to those at Doctors' Commons. The
+  Prerogative Office is, probably, the only public office in the kingdom
+  which is shut against literary inquirers.</p>
+
+  <p>"The results of such regulations are obvious. The ancient wills at
+  Doctors' Commons not being accessible to those to whom alone they are
+  useful, yield scarcely any fees to the office; historical inquirers are
+  discouraged; errors remain uncorrected; statements of facts in historical
+  works are obliged to be left uncertain and incomplete; the researches of
+  the Camden Society and other similar societies are thwarted; and all
+  historical inquirers regard the condition of the Prerogative Office as a
+  great literary grievance.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 216 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page216"></a>{216}</span></p>
+
+  <p>"The President and Council of the Camden Society respectfully submit
+  these circumstances to your Grace with a full persuasion that nothing
+  which relates to the welfare of English historical literature can be
+  uninteresting either to your Grace personally, or to the Church over
+  which you preside; and they humbly pray your Grace that such changes may
+  be made in the regulations of the Prerogative Office as may assimilate
+  its practice to that of the Public Record Office, so far as regards the
+  inspection of the books of entry of ancient wills, or that such other
+  remedy may be applied to the inconveniences now stated as to your Grace
+  may seem fit.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"(Signed)  <span class="sc">Braybrooke</span>, President.</p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Thomas Amyot</span>, Director.</p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Henry Ellis.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">J. Payne Collier</span>, Treas.</p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Harry Verney.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">H. H. Milman.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Joseph Hunter.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">William J. Thoms</span>, Sec.</p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Chs. Purton Cooper.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Thos. Stapleton.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Wm. Durrant Cooper.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Peter Levesque.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Thos. J. Pettigrew.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">John Bruce.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Beriah Botfield.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Bolton Corney.</span></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>25. Parliament Street, Westminster,</i></p>
+      <p><i>13 April, 1848.</i>"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>As the Archbishop stated his inability to afford any relief, <span
+  class="sc">The Camden Society</span> availed themselves of the
+  appointment of the Commission to inquire into the Law and Jurisdiction of
+  the Ecclesiastical and other Courts in relation to Matters Testamentary,
+  to address to those Commissioners, in the month of January, 1853, a
+  Memorial, of which the following is a copy:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"To the Right Honourable and Honourable the Commissioners appointed by
+  Her Majesty to inquire into the Law and Jurisdiction of the
+  Ecclesiastical and other Courts in relation to Matters Testamentary.</p>
+
+  <p>"My Lords and Gentlemen,</p>
+
+  <p>"We, the undersigned, being the President and Council of the Camden
+  Society, for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary Remains,
+  beg to submit to your consideration a copy of a Memorial presented on the
+  13th April, 1848, by the President and then Council of this Society, to
+  his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, praying that such changes might
+  be made in the regulations of the Prerogative Office as might assimilate
+  its practice to that of the Public Record Office, so far as regards the
+  inspection of the books of entry of ancient Wills, or that such other
+  remedy might be applied to the inconveniences stated in that Memorial as
+  to his Grace might seem fit.</p>
+
+  <p>"In reply to that Memorial his Grace was pleased to inform the
+  Memorialists that he had no control whatever over the fees taken in the
+  Prerogative Office.</p>
+
+  <p>"The Memorialists had not adopted the course of applying to his Grace
+  the Archbishop until they had in vain endeavoured to obtain from the
+  authorities of the Prerogative Office, Messrs. Dyneley, Iggulden, and
+  Gostling, some modification of their rules in favour of literary
+  inquirers. The answer of his Grace the Archbishop left them, therefore
+  without present remedy.</p>
+
+  <p>"The grievance complained of continues entirely unaltered up to the
+  present time.</p>
+
+  <p>"In all other public repositories to which in the course of our
+  inquiries we have had occasion to apply, we have found a general and
+  predominant feeling of the national importance of the cultivation of
+  literature, and especially of that branch of it which relates to the past
+  history of our own country. Every one seems heartily willing to promote
+  historical inquiries. The Public Record Offices are now opened to persons
+  engaged in literary pursuits by arrangements of the most satisfactory and
+  liberal character. His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury gives
+  permission to literary men to search such of the early registers of his
+  See as are in his own possession at Lambeth. Access is given to the
+  registers of the Bishop of London; and throughout the kingdom private
+  persons having in their possession historical documents are almost
+  without exception not only willing but anxious to assist our inquiries.
+  The authorities of the Prerogative Office in Doctors' Commons, perhaps,
+  stand alone in their total want of sympathy with literature, and in their
+  exclusion of literary inquirers by stringent rules, harshly, and in some
+  instances even offensively, enforced.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4hg3">"We have the honour to be,</p>
+      <p class="i2hg3">"My Lords and Gentlemen,</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"Your most obedient and very humble servants,</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>(Signed) <span class="sc">Braybrooke</span>, President.</p>
+      <p><span class="sc">John Bruce</span>, Director.</p>
+      <p><span class="sc">C. Purton Cooper.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">J. Payne Collier</span>, Treas.</p>
+      <p><span class="sc">W. R. Drake.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Edwd. Foss.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Peter Levesque.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Strangford.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">W. H. Blaauw.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">W. Durrant Cooper.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Bolton Corney.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Henry Ellis.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Lambert B. Larking.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Fredk. Ouvry.</span></p>
+      <p><span class="sc">Wm. J. Thoms</span>, Sec.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><i>25. Parliament Street, Westminster,</i></p>
+      <p><i>January, 1853.</i>"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>A Report from that Commission has been laid before Parliament; and a
+  Bill for carrying into effect the recommendations contained in such
+  Report, and transferring the powers of the Prerogative Court to the Court
+  of Chancery, has been introduced into the House of Lords. The Bill
+  contains no specific enactments as to the custody of the Wills.</p>
+
+  <p>Now, therefore, is the time for all who are interested in Historical
+  Truth to use their best endeavours to procure the insertion of such
+  clauses as shall place the Wills under the same custody as the other
+  Judicial Records of the country, namely, that of Her Majesty's Keeper of
+  Records.</p>
+
+  <p>With Literature represented in the House of Lords by a Brougham and a
+  Campbell, in the Commons by a Macaulay, a Bulwer, and a D'Israeli, let
+  but the real state of the case be once made public, and we have no fear
+  but that the interests of English Historical Literature will be cared for
+  and maintained.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 217 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page217"></a>{217}</span></p>
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>"J. R. OF CORK."</h3>
+
+  <p>My gifted and lamented countryman "The Roscoe of Cork"<a
+  name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> deserves more
+  notice in these pages, which he has enriched by his contributions, than
+  the handsome obituary of our Editor (Vol. vii., p. 394.); so a few words
+  is with reference to him may be acceptable.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. James Roche</span> was born in Limerick some
+  eighty-three years ago, of an ancient and wealthy family. At an early
+  period of his life he was sent to France, and educated in the Catholic
+  College of Saintes. After completing his studies, and paying a short
+  visit to Ireland, he settled in Bordeaux, where he became acquainted with
+  the most distinguished leaders of the Girondists.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Roche</span> was in Paris during the horrors of
+  the first Revolution, and in 1793 was arrested there as a British
+  subject, but was released on the death of Robespierre. For some years
+  after his liberation, he passed his time between Paris and Bordeaux. At
+  the close of the last century, he returned to Ireland; and commenced
+  business in Cork as a banker, in partnership with his brother. He resided
+  in a handsome country seat near the river Lee, and there amassed a
+  splendid library.</p>
+
+  <p>About the year 1816, a relative of mine, a wealthy banker in the same
+  city, got into difficulties, and met with the kindest assistance from
+  <span class="sc">Mr. Roche</span>. In 1819 his own troubles came on, and
+  a monetary crisis ruined him as well as many others. All his property was
+  sold, and his books were brought to the hammer, excepting a few with
+  which his creditors presented him. I have often tried, but without
+  success, to get a copy of the auction catalogue, which contained many
+  curious lots,&mdash;amongst others, I am informed, Swift's own annotated
+  copy of <i>Gulliver's Travels</i>, which <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Roche</span> purchased in Cork for a few pence, but which produced pounds
+  at the sale. <span class="sc">Mr. Roche</span>, after this, resided for
+  some time in London as parliamentary agent. He also spent several years
+  in Paris, and witnessed the revolution of 1830. Eventually he returned to
+  Cork, where he performed the duties of a magistrate and director of the
+  National Bank, until his death in the early part of 1853.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Roche</span> was intimately acquainted with many
+  of the great men and events of his time, especially with everything
+  concerning modern French history and literature.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Roche</span> was remarkable for accurate
+  scholarship and extensive learning: the affability of his manners, and
+  the earnestly-religious tone of his mind, enhanced his varied
+  accomplishments.</p>
+
+  <p>For a number of years he contributed largely to various periodicals,
+  such as the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, the <i>Dublin Review</i>, and
+  the <i>Literary Gazette</i>; and the signature of "J. R. of Cork" was
+  welcome to all, while it puzzled many.</p>
+
+  <p>In 1851 he printed <i>for private circulation</i>, <i>Essays Critical
+  and Miscellaneous</i>, by an Octogenarian, 2 vols.; printed by G. Nash,
+  Cork. Some of these Essays are reprints, others are printed for the first
+  time. The work was reviewed in the <i>Dublin Review</i> for October,
+  1851.</p>
+
+  <p>A "Sketch of J. R. of Cork" was published in July, 1848, in Duffy's
+  <i>Irish Catholic Magazine</i>, which I have made use of in this Note. My
+  object in the present Note is to suggest that <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Roche's</span> Reminiscences and Essays should be given to the public,
+  from whom I am well assured they would receive a hearty welcome.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eirionnach.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p><span class="sc">Mr. Roche</span> is thus happily designated by the
+  Rev. Francis Mahony in <i>The Prout Papers</i>.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>MARMORTINTO, OR SAND-PAINTING.</h3>
+
+  <p>There appeared in a late number of <i>The Family Friend</i>, an
+  article on the above process. The writer attributes its invention to
+  Benjamin Zobel of Bavaria; and states, that although some few persons
+  have attempted its revival, in no instance has success attended such
+  efforts. This is not correct. There was a German confectioner to King
+  George III. whom I knew well. His name was Haas; and those acquainted
+  with Bristol will recollect his well-frequented shop, nearly opposite the
+  drawbridge on the way to College Green, where he resided forty years ago,
+  after retiring from his employment at Court. There he was often engaged
+  in decorating ceilings, lying on his back for weeks together on a
+  scaffold for the purpose. He also ornamented the plateaus for the royal
+  table; and he understood the art of sand-painting, and practised it in
+  the highest perfection. Whether he preceded Zobel, or came after him, at
+  Windsor Castle, I cannot tell; but I can testify that he was perfect
+  master of the art in question. I have seen him at work upon his
+  sand-pictures. He had the marble dust of every gradation of colour in a
+  large box, divided into small compartments; and he applied it to the
+  picture by dropping it from small cones of paper.</p>
+
+  <p>The article in <i>The Family Friend</i> describes the process of Zobel
+  to have consisted of a previous coating of the panel for the picture with
+  a glutinous solution, over which the marble dust was strewed from a piece
+  of cord. Haas used small cones of paper; and my impression from seeing
+  him at work was, that he sprinkled the sand on the dry panel, and fixed
+  the whole finally at once by some process which he kept a secret. For I
+  remember how careful he was to prevent the window or door from being
+  opened, so as to cause a draught, before he had fixed his picture; and I
+  <!-- Page 218 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page218"></a>{218}</span>have heard him lament the misfortune of
+  having had one or two pictures blown away in this manner.</p>
+
+  <p>The effect of his sand-pictures was extraordinary. They stood out in
+  bold relief, and with a brilliancy far surpassing any oil painting. As
+  may be supposed, this style of painting was particularly adapted for
+  landscapes and rocky scenery; and it enabled the artist to finish foliage
+  with a richness which nothing could surpass. Mr. Haas' collection of his
+  sand-paintings was a rich treat to inspect. After his death, they were
+  sold and dispersed; but many must be found in the collections of
+  gentlemen in Bristol and its neighbourhood.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. C. H.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>THE SOLDIER'S DISCIPLINE, FROM A BROADSIDE
+OF THE YEAR 1642.</h3>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>The Grounds of Military Discipline: or, Certain Brief Rules for
+  the Exercising of a Company or Squadron.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><i>Observed by all.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>In march, in motion, troop or stand,</p>
+      <p>Observe both leader and right hand;</p>
+      <p>With silence note in what degree</p>
+      <p>You in the body placed be:</p>
+      <p>That so you may, without more trouble,</p>
+      <p>Know where to stand, and when to double.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><i>Distances.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>True distance keep in files, in ranks</p>
+      <p>Open close to the front, reare, flanks,</p>
+      <p>Backward, forward, to the right, left, or either,</p>
+      <p>Backward and forward both together.</p>
+      <p>To the right, left, outward or in,</p>
+      <p>According to directions given.</p>
+      <p>To order, close, open, double,</p>
+      <p>Distance, distance, double, double:</p>
+      <p>For this alone prevents distraction,</p>
+      <p>And giveth lustre to the action.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><i>Facings.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Face to the right, or to the left, both wayes to the reare,</p>
+      <p>Inward, outward, and as you were:</p>
+      <p>To the front, reare, flanks, and peradventure</p>
+      <p>To every angle, and to the centre.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><i>Doublings.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>To bring more hands in the front to fight,</p>
+      <p>Double ranks unto the right,</p>
+      <p>Or left, or both, if need require,</p>
+      <p>Direct divisionall or intire:</p>
+      <p>By doubling files accordingly,</p>
+      <p>Your flanks will strengthened be thereby.</p>
+      <p>Halfe files and bringers-up likewise</p>
+      <p>To the front may double, none denies;</p>
+      <p>Nor would it very strange appear</p>
+      <p>For th' front half files or double the reare:</p>
+      <p>The one half ranks to double the other,</p>
+      <p>Thereby to strengthen one the other.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><i>Countermarches.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>But lest I should seen troublesome,</p>
+      <p>To countermarches next I come.</p>
+      <p>Which, though they many seem to be,</p>
+      <p>Are all included in these three:</p>
+      <p>Maintaining, gaining, losing ground,</p>
+      <p>And severall wayes to each is found:</p>
+      <p>By which their proper motion's guided,</p>
+      <p>In files, in ranks, in both divided.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><i>Wheeling.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wheel your batten ere you fight,</p>
+      <p>For better advantage to the right,</p>
+      <p>Or left, or round about</p>
+      <p>To either angle, or where you doubt</p>
+      <p>Your enemie will first oppose you;</p>
+      <p>And therefore unto their Foot close you.</p>
+      <p>Divisionall wheeling I have seen</p>
+      <p>In sundrie places practis'd been,</p>
+      <p>To alter either form or figure,</p>
+      <p>By wheeling severall wayes together.</p>
+      <p>And, had I time to stand upon 't,</p>
+      <p>I'de wheele my wings into the front.</p>
+      <p>By wheeling flanks into the reare,</p>
+      <p>They'll soon reduce them as they were.</p>
+      <p>Besides, it seems a pretty thing</p>
+      <p>To wheel, front, and reare to either wing:</p>
+      <p>Wheele both wings to the reare and front;</p>
+      <p>Face to the reare, and having done 't,</p>
+      <p>Close your divisions; even your ranks,</p>
+      <p>Wheel front and reare into both flanks:</p>
+      <p>And thus much know, cause, note I'll smother,</p>
+      <p>To one wheeling doth reduce the other.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><i>Conversion and Inversion.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>One thing more and I have done;</p>
+      <p>Let files rank by conversion:</p>
+      <p>To th' right, or th' left, to both, and then</p>
+      <p>Ranks by conversion fill again:</p>
+      <p>Troop for the colours, march, prepare for fight,</p>
+      <p>Behave yourselves like men, and so good night.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The summe of all that hath been spoken may be comprised thus:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Open, close, face, double, countermarch, wheel, charge, retire;</p>
+      <p>Invert, convert, reduce, trope, march, make readie, fire."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>LEADING ARTICLES OF FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.</h3>
+
+  <p>The foreign correspondence of the English press is an invaluable
+  feature of that mighty engine of civilisation and progress, for which the
+  world cannot be too thankful; but as the agents in it at Paris, Berlin,
+  Vienna, &amp;c., are more or less imbued with the insular views and
+  prejudices which they carry with them from England, Scotland, or Ireland,
+  it were well if the daily journals devoted more attention than they do to
+  the <i>leading articles</i> of the Continental press, which is frequently
+  distinguished by great ability and interest, and would <!-- Page 219
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page219"></a>{219}</span>enable
+  Englishmen, not versed in foreign languages, to judge, from another point
+  of view, of Continental affairs&mdash;now becoming of surpassing interest
+  and importance. Translations or abstracts of the leading articles of
+  <i>The Times</i>, <i>Morning Chronicle</i>, <i>Morning Post</i>, &amp;c.,
+  are constantly to be met with in the best foreign papers. Why should not
+  our great London papers more frequently gratify their readers with
+  articles from the pens of their Continental brotherhood? This would
+  afford an opportunity also of correcting the false statements, or
+  replying to the erroneous judgments put forth and circulated abroad by
+  writers whose distinguished position enables them, unintentionally no
+  doubt, to do the more mischief. A surprising change for the better,
+  however, as respects Great Britain, is manifest in the tone and
+  information of the foreign press of late years. Let us cherish this good
+  feeling by a corresponding demeanour on our part.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alpha.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Materials for a History of Druidism.&mdash;</i></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It would be a commendable, useful, and easy task to collect what the
+  ancients have left us on the subject of Druidism. Such a collection would
+  form a very small but interesting volume. It would supersede, in every
+  library, the idle and tedious dreams and conjectures of the Stukeleys,
+  the Borlases, the Rowlands, the Vallanceys, the Davies's, the Jones's,
+  and the Whitakers. Toland's work on the Druids, though far from
+  unexceptionable, has more solid intelligence than any other modern
+  composition of its kind. It is a pity that he or some other person has
+  not given as faithful translations of the Irish Christian MSS. which he
+  mentions, as these have, no doubt, preserved much respecting Druidical
+  manners and superstitions, of which many vestiges are still existing,
+  though not of the kind usually referred to."</p>
+
+  <p>"The Roman history of Britain can only be collected from the Roman
+  writers; and what they have left is very short indeed. It might be
+  disposed of in the way recommended for the History of the
+  Druids."&mdash;Douce's notes on Whitaker's <i>History of Manchester</i>,
+  vol. i. p. 136. of Corrections in Book i., ibid. p. 148.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Domestic Chapels.</i>&mdash;There is an interesting example of a
+  domestic chapel, with an upper chamber over it for the chaplain's
+  residence, and a ground floor underneath it for some undiscoverable
+  purpose, to be seen contiguous to an ancient farm-house at Ilsam, in the
+  parish of St. Mary Church, in the county of Devon.</p>
+
+  <p>The structure is quite ecclesiastical in its character, and appears to
+  have been originally, as now, detached from the family house, or only
+  connected with it by a short passage leading to the floor on which the
+  chapel itself stood.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John James.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Ordinary.</i>&mdash;The following is a new meaning for the word
+  <i>ordinary</i>:&mdash;"Do ye come in and see my poor man, for he is
+  <i>piteous ordinary</i> to-day." This speech was addressed to me by a
+  poor woman who wished me to go and see her husband. He was ordinary
+  enough, although she had adorned his head with a <i>red</i> night-cap;
+  but her meaning was evidently that he was far from well; and Johnson's
+  <i>Dictionary</i> does not give this signification to the word.</p>
+
+  <p>A cottage child once told me that the dog opened his mouth "a power
+  wide."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><a href="images/oldewn.png"><img src="images/oldewn.png" class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="Old English W. N." /></a></p>
+
+  <p><i>Thom's Irish Almanac and Official Directory for 1854.</i>&mdash;In
+  the advertisement prefixed to this valuable compilation, which, according
+  to the <i>Quarterly Review</i>, "contains more information about Ireland
+  than has been collected in one volume in any country," we may find the
+  following words:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"All parliamentary and official documents procurable, have been
+  collected; and their contents, so far as they bore on the state of the
+  country, carefully abstracted; and where any deficiencies have been
+  observable, the want has been supplied by applications to private
+  sources, which, in every instance, have been most satisfactorily
+  answered. He [Mr. Thom] is also indebted to similar applications to the
+  ruling authorities of the several religious persuasions <i>for the
+  undisputed accuracy of the ecclesiastical department of the
+  Almanac</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I wish to call attention to the latter words; and in so doing, I
+  assure you, I feel only a most anxious desire to see some farther
+  improvements effected by Mr. Thom.</p>
+
+  <p>I cannot allow "the undisputed accuracy of the ecclesiastical
+  department," inasmuch as I have detected, even on a cursory examination,
+  very many inaccuracies which a little care would certainly have
+  prevented. For example, in p. 451. (<i>Ecclesiastical Directory</i>,
+  Established Church and Diocese of Dublin), there are at least five grave
+  mistakes, and four in the following page. These pages I have taken at
+  random. I could easily point out other pages equally inaccurate; but I
+  have done enough I think to prove, that while I willingly accord to the
+  enterprising publisher the full meed of praise he so well deserves, a
+  little more attention should be paid in future to the preparation of the
+  ecclesiastical department.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Abhba.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Antiquity of the Word "Snub."</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Beware we then euer of discontente, and <i>snubbe</i> it betimes,
+  least it overthrowe us as it hath done manie."</p>
+
+  <p>"Such <i>snubs</i> as these be little cloudes."&mdash;<i>Comfortable
+  Notes on Genesis</i>, by Gervase Babington, Bishop of Exeter, 1596.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. R. P.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Charles I. at Little Woolford.</i>&mdash;There is an ancient house
+  at Little Woolford (in the <!-- Page 220 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page220"></a>{220}</span>southeast corner of Warwickshire)
+  connected with which is a tradition that Charles I., after the battle of
+  Edge Hill, which is not far distant, secreted himself in an oven there.
+  This oven is preserved for the inspection of the curious.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. H. C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Coincidences between Sir Thomas Browne and Bishop
+  Ken.</i>&mdash;Sir Thomas Browne wrote his <i>Religio Medici</i> in
+  1533-5; and in it suggested some familiar verses of the "Evening Hymn" of
+  his brother Wykehamist Bishop Ken. The lines are as follows:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2"><i>Sir Thomas Browne.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Guard me 'gainst those watchful foes,</p>
+      <p>Whose eyes are open, while mine close;</p>
+      <p>Let no dreams my head infest,</p>
+      <p>But such as Jacob's temples blest:</p>
+      <p>Sleep is a death: oh, make me try,</p>
+      <p>By sleeping, what it is to die!</p>
+      <p>And as gently lay my head</p>
+      <p>On my grave, as now my bed.</p>
+      <p>Howe'er I rest, great God, let me</p>
+      <p>Awake again at last with Thee."</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2"><i>Bishop Ken.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Let no ill dreams disturb my rest;</p>
+      <p>No powers of darkness me molest.</p>
+      <p>Teach me to live, that I may dread</p>
+      <p>The grave as little as my bed:</p>
+      <p>Teach me to die, that so I may</p>
+      <p>Rise glorious at the awful day.</p>
+      <p>Oh, may my soul on Thee repose,</p>
+      <p>And with sweet sleep mine eyelids close;</p>
+      <p>Sleep that may me more vigorous make,</p>
+      <p>To serve my God when I awake."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>I have never seen this curious coincidence noticed by any of the good
+  bishop's biographers, Hawkins, Bowles, or Mr. Anderdon.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The English School of Painting.</i>&mdash;In a note to a volume of
+  poems by Victor Hugo, published in 1836, occur these remarks:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"M. Louis Boulanger, à qui ces deux ballades sont dédiées, s'est placé
+  bien jeune au premier rang de cette nouvelle génération de peintres, qui
+  promet d'élever notre école au niveau des magnifiques écoles d'Italie,
+  d'Espagne, de Flandre, et d'Angleterre."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Does this praise of the English school of painting show a correct
+  appreciation of its claims to distinction? or am I in error in supposing,
+  as I have done, that our school of painting is not entitled to the
+  pompous epithet of "magnifique," nor to be named in the same category
+  with the Italian, Spanish, and Flemish schools? I am aware of the
+  hackneyed and somewhat hyperbolical employment, by French writers and
+  speakers, of such terms as <i>magnifique</i>, <i>superbe</i>,
+  <i>grandiose</i>; and that they do not convey to a French ear the same
+  idea of superiority, as they do to our more sober English judgment; but
+  making every allowance on this score, I confess I was not a little
+  startled to find such a term as <i>magnifique</i>, even in its most
+  moderate acceptation, applied to our efforts in that branch of art.
+  <i>Magnifique</i>, in truth, must be our school, when the French can
+  condescend to speak of it in such language!</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">St. Lucia.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>A Feather in your Cap.</i>"&mdash;My good friend Dr. Wolff
+  mentioned in conversation a circumstance (also stated, I fancy, in his
+  <i>Journey to Bokhara</i>) which seemed to afford a solution of the
+  common expression, "That's a feather in your cap." I begged he would give
+  it me in writing, and he has done so. "The Kaffr Seeyah Poosh (meaning
+  the infidels in black clothing) living around Cabul upon the height of
+  the mountains of the Himalaya, who worship a god called Dagon and Imra,
+  are great enemies of the Muhamedans; and for each Muhamedan they kill,
+  they wear a feather in their heads. The same is done among the
+  Abyssinians and Turcomans."</p>
+
+  <p>Has the feather head-dress of the American Indian, and the eagle's
+  feather in the bonnet of the Highlander, any connexion with keeping a
+  score of the deaths of the enemies or game they have killed?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alfred Gatty.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE: LICENCES TO CRENELLATE.</h3>
+
+  <p>Previous to the publication of the second volume of the <i>Domestic
+  Architecture of the Middle Ages</i>, you were kind enough to insert some
+  Queries for me respecting existing remains of houses of the fourteenth
+  century, which elicited some useful Notes, partly through your columns
+  and partly from private friends who were thus reminded of my wants. I am
+  now preparing for the press the third and concluding volume of that work,
+  comprising the period from the reign of Richard II. to that of Henry
+  VIII. inclusive. I shall be glad of information of any houses of that
+  period remaining in a tolerably perfect state, in addition to those
+  mentioned in the <i>Glossary of Architecture</i>. I have reason to
+  believe that there are many; and one class, the halls of the different
+  guilds, seem to have been generally overlooked.</p>
+
+  <p>With the kind assistance of Mr. Duffus Hardy, I have obtained a
+  complete list of the licences to crenellate contained in the Patent
+  Rolls, and some other records preserved in the Tower. Most of these have
+  the name of the county annexed; but there are a few, of which I add a
+  list, in which no county is mentioned, and local information is necessary
+  in order to identify them. Perhaps some <!-- Page 221 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page221"></a>{221}</span>of your numerous
+  readers will be able to assist me.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Licences to Crenellate.</i></p>
+
+<table class="allbctr" summary="Licences to Crenellate." title="Licences to Crenellate.">
+<tr><td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> When granted. </td><td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> Name of Place. </td><td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> To whom granted. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> 22 Edward I. </td><td class="vertb"> Melton. </td><td class="vertb"> John de Cokefeld. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> 17 Edward II. </td><td class="vertb"> Molun. </td><td class="vertb"> Raymond de Grismak. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> 5 Edward III. </td><td class="vertb"> Newton in Makerfeld. </td><td class="vertb"> Robert de Langeton. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> 9 Edward III. </td><td class="vertb"> Esselyngton. </td><td class="vertb"> Robert de Esselyngton.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> 12 Edward III. </td><td class="vertb"> Cublesdon. </td><td class="vertb"> John Trussell. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto. </td><td class="vertb"> La Beche. </td><td class="vertb"> Nicholas de la Beche. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto. </td><td class="vertb"> Beaumes. </td><td class="vertb"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> 15 Edward III. </td><td class="vertb"> Pringham. </td><td class="vertb"> Reginald de Cobham. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto. </td><td class="vertb"> Orkesdene. </td><td class="vertb"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto. </td><td class="vertb"> Stanstede. </td><td class="vertb"> Robert Burghchier. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> 16 Edward III. </td><td class="vertb"> Credonio. </td><td class="vertb"> Bernard de Dalham. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertb"> &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Ditto. </td><td class="vertb"> Heyheved. </td><td class="vertb"> William Lengleys. </td></tr>
+<tr><td class="vertbotb"> 18 Edward III. </td><td class="vertbotb"> Chevelyngham. </td><td class="vertbotb"> Thomas de Aeton. </td></tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. H. Parker.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>DIXON OF BEESTON.</h3>
+
+  <p>Will the Editor be kind enough to insert the accompanying letter, for
+  <i>if true</i> it is worthy of a place in the heraldic portion of "N.
+  &amp; Q.," and <i>if not true</i>, its imposture should stand recorded?
+  On receiving it I sent a copy to my brother, Mr. J. H. Dixon, an able
+  antiquary, and late of the council of the Percy Society, who, somewhat
+  too hastily I think, and without sufficient proof, rejected the
+  information offered. That the family which my brother represents is a
+  "good old" one, is sufficiently attested by the pedigree furnished by
+  Thoresby in the <i>Ducatus Leodiensis</i>, and thence copied by Mr. Burke
+  in his <i>Landed Gentry</i>; but of its earlier history there is no
+  reliable account, unless that by Mr. Spence can be considered such.</p>
+
+  <p>I shall feel very much obliged if any of your correspondents learned
+  in the genealogies of Yorkshire and Cheshire could either corroborate the
+  genuineness of the information tendered by Mr. Spence, or prove the
+  reverse; and it is only fair to that gentleman to add that he is entitled
+  to credibility on the written testimony of the Rev. Mr. Knox, Incumbent
+  of Birkenhead.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. W. Dixon, J.P.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Seaton Carew, co. Durham.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Sir,</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Having been engaged by Miss Cotgreave, of Notherlegh House, near
+  Chester, to inspect and arrange the title-deeds and other documents which
+  belonged to her father, the late Sir John Cotgreave, I find a very
+  ancient pedigree of the Cotgreaves de Hargrave in that county; which
+  family became extinct in the direct male line in the year 1724, but which
+  was represented through females by the above Sir J. C.</p>
+
+  <p>It is the work of the great Camden, anno 1598, from documents in the
+  possession of the Cotgreave family, and contains the descents of five
+  generations of the Dixons of Beeston, in the county of York, and
+  Congleton, Cheshire, together with their marriages and armorial bearings,
+  commencing with "Ralph Dixon, Esq., de Beeston and Congleton, living
+  temp. Hen. VI., who was slain whilst fighting on the part of the
+  Yorkists, at the battle of Wakefield, <span class="scac">A.D.</span>
+  1460."</p>
+
+  <p>Presuming that you are descended from this ancient family, I will (if
+  you think proper) transmit to you extracts from the aforesaid pedigree,
+  as far as relates to your distinguished progenitors, conditionally that
+  you remunerate me for the information and definition of the armorial
+  bearings, there being five shields, containing twelve quarterings
+  connected with the family of Dixon.</p>
+
+  <p>Miss Cotgreave will allow me to make the extracts, and has kindly
+  consented to attest the same.</p>
+
+  <p>The arms of Dixon, as depicted in the Cotgreave pedigree, are "Sable,
+  a fleur-de-lis or, a chief ermine," quartering the ensigns of the noble
+  houses of "Robert Fitz-Hugh, Baron of Malpas in the county of Chester,
+  temp. William the Conqueror; Eustace Crewe de Montalt, Lord of Hawarden,
+  Flintshire, during the said reign; Robert de Umfreville, Lord of Tours,
+  and Vian, and Reddesdale, in Northumberland, who flourished in the same
+  reign also; Pole, Talboys, Welles, Latimer," and others.</p>
+
+  <p>In the pedigree, Camden states that the aforesaid "Ralph Dixon
+  quartered the ensigns of the above noble families in right of his mother
+  Maude, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Ralph Fitz-Hugh de Congleton and
+  Elton in the county palatine of Chester."</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2">I have the honour to be, Sir,</p>
+      <p class="i4">Your very obedient humble servant,</p>
+      <p class="i6"><span class="sc">William Sidney Spence.</span></p>
+      <p>Priory Place, Birkenhead,</p>
+      <p class="i4">Chester.</p>
+      <p class="i2">Dec. 14. 1848.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Atherstone Family.</i>&mdash;Can any of your readers oblige me with
+  information concerning the Atherstone family? Is it an old name, or was
+  it first given some three or four generations back to a foundling, picked
+  up near the town of Atherston?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">M. A. B.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Classic Authors and the Jews.</i>&mdash;Where can I find a complete
+  or full account of passages in Greek and Latin authors, which refer to
+  Judea and the Jews? It has been said that these references are very few,
+  and that in Cicero, for instance, there is not one. This last is wrong, I
+  know. (See <i>e.g.</i> Cic. <i>Pro L. Flacco</i>, 28., and <i>De Prov.
+  Consul. 5.</i>)</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B. H. C.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Bishop Hooper's Argument on the Vestment
+  Controversy.</i>&mdash;Glocester Ridley, in his <i>Life of Bishop
+  Ridley</i>, p. 315., London, 1763, states, in reference to Bishop
+  Hooper's <i>Book to the Council against the use of those Habits which
+  were then used by the Church of England in her sacred Ministries</i>,
+  written October, 1550, "Part of Hooper's book I have by me in MS." Could
+  any one state whether that MS. is now in existence, or where it is to be
+  found? It is of much importance to obtain <!-- Page 222 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page222"></a>{222}</span>an answer to this
+  inquiry, as Bishop Ridley's MS. Reply to Bishop Hooper is, for the first
+  time, about to be printed by the Parker Society, through the kind
+  permission of its possessor, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., in the second
+  volume of the Writings of Bradford which I am editing; and, to make
+  Ridley's reply fully intelligible, access is needed to Bishop Hooper's
+  <i>Book to the Council</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A. Townsend.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Weston Lane, Bath,</p>
+
+  <p class="address">February 23.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Title of "Dominus."</i>&mdash;How is it that at Cambridge the
+  title of <i>Dominus</i> is applied to B.A.'s, while at Oxford it is
+  confined to the doctorate?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The De Rous Family.</i>&mdash;Hugh Rufus, or De Rous, was Bishop of
+  Ossory, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1202. He had been previously an
+  Augustinian Canon of Bodmin, in Cornwall. Query, Was he a cadet of the
+  ancient family of De Rous; and if so, what was his descent?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Graves.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Where was the Fee of S. Sanxon?</i>&mdash;At the end of "Ordericus
+  Vitalis," in the <i>Gesta Normannorum</i>, is a list called the "Feoda
+  Normanniæ," wherein, under the title "Feoda Ebroic.," occurs the
+  entry:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"S. Sanxon dim. f. in friche."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Francis Drake, in his <i>Antiquities of York</i>, London, 1736, p.
+  70., speaks of "Sampson, or <i>Sanxo</i>," the archbishop of that see;
+  and elsewhere mentions the parish church of S. Sampson, "called by some
+  Sanxo."</p>
+
+  <p>What I wish to ask is, Where was this half fee of S. Sanxon? Whether
+  it had any connexion with Sanson sur Rille? And whether it was the place
+  from which "Ralph de S. Sanson" or "Sanson Clericus" of the <i>Domesday
+  Book</i>, who was afterwards Bishop of Worcester, derived his name?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">* &nbsp; *</p>
+
+  <p><i>Russian Emperors.</i>&mdash;Is there any truth in a rumour that was
+  current two or three years since respecting the limited period that was
+  placed upon the reign of any Russian monarch? Twenty-five years was the
+  time stated, at the termination of which the Emperor had to abdicate. As
+  this period has elapsed, and no abdication has taken place by the present
+  Autocrat, some one may perhaps be able to state how such a statement
+  originated, and upon what grounds?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. Crosfield.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Episcopal Insignia of the Eastern Church.</i>&mdash;Having seen in
+  a late number of the <i>Illustrated London News</i> (Feb. 11, 1854) a
+  peculiarly shaped episcopal staff, with a cross rising from between two
+  in-curved dragons' heads, which is represented in the hand of the
+  metropolitan of Wallachia, I would be glad to know whether this form is
+  peculiar to any branch of the Eastern Church. A reference to a work of
+  authority on the subject will oblige a provincialist.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Graves.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Amontillado Sherry.</i>&mdash;What is the real meaning of this
+  epithet? A friend, who had travelled in Spain, and visited some famous
+  cellars at Xeres, told me that the peculiar flavour of the Amontillado
+  Sherry was always an accidental result of mixing butts of wine brought to
+  the merchant by a variety of growers. I mentioned this to another friend
+  who had the wine on his table; and he ridiculed the account, saying that
+  the Amontillado Sherry was from a grape peculiar to the district. What
+  district, I could not ascertain.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alfred Gatty.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Col. Michael Smith's Family.</i>&mdash;Perhaps some of your readers
+  may be enabled to give me some information of the family of Smith, to
+  which Col. Michael Smith, Lieut.-Governor of Nevis about 1750,
+  belongs.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">A West Indian.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Pronunciation of Foreign Names.</i>&mdash;How shall we pronounce
+  Sinope, Citate, and many other words which are now becoming familiar to
+  our eyes? I think the bookseller who should give us a vocabulary of
+  proper names of foreign persons and places, with the correct
+  pronunciation attached, would be encouraged by an extensive sale. So far
+  as my knowledge extends, such a work is a desideratum.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thinks I to Myself.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Artesian Wells.</i>&mdash;One who is about to dig a well on his
+  land would be glad to know:&mdash;1. Whether, in all cases, artesian
+  wells are preferable? 2. If yes, why they are not universally adopted,
+  and whether they are more expensive then the common sort? 3. If not
+  preferable in all cases, in what cases they are preferable?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Stylites.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Norman Towers in London.</i>&mdash;Can you inform me it there is
+  any other church in the city of London with a Norman tower, besides
+  Allhallows, Mark Lane? which, by the bye, has been colour-washed: I
+  suppose, to preserve it!</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Brown.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Papyrus.</i>&mdash;Where, or of whom, can a specimen of Papyrus be
+  obtained?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. H.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Islington.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Mathew, a Cornish Family.</i>&mdash;I am anxious to know the
+  connexion of a family of Mathew, late of Tresungar, co. Cornwall, with
+  any stock in Wales; and I will gladly defray any necessary expense of
+  search, if can attain this object. The descent of a family of the name,
+  apparently the same from the arms, in an old recueil of Devonshire
+  families, is headed "nuper de Walliâ;" and a visitation of that county
+  ascribes their bearing <!-- Page 223 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page223"></a>{223}</span>(a stork) to a marriage with an heir of
+  Starkey, which I have been unable to verify. A Visitation of Cornwall, to
+  which I have had access, gives a grant, or probably a confirmation of the
+  arms by Cooke. If this celebrated Herald's grants are on record, some
+  clew would probably be found; but I doubt not that many of your readers
+  well versed in genealogical research can readily answer my Query, and I
+  trust to their kindness to do so.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Birkenhead.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Bunyan's Descendants.</i>&mdash;As a recent Query respecting John
+  Bunyan may lead to some notices of his descendants, perhaps I may be
+  informed in what edition of his works it is stated that a branch of his
+  family settled in Nottingham? for I find in the burgess-roll of that
+  borough that George Bunyan was entered freeman in 1752. William Bunyan,
+  lieutenant in the navy, 1767; Thomas Bunyan, hosier, 1776. In event of
+  the above story being verified, a pedigree may possibly be extracted
+  hereafter from the parish registers of the town. As far as my own
+  examination goes, the editions in the British Museum afford no
+  corroboration to what I have heard.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Furvus.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Plumstead Common.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[We have been favoured with the following article on this subject from
+  George Offor, Esq., of Hackney:</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Where are John Bunyan's Descendants?</i>&mdash;It is natural to
+  inquire after the ancestors and descendants of great men, although
+  experience proves that intellectual greatness runs not in blood, for
+  earth's <i>great</i> and most illustrious sons descended from and left
+  descendants who merged among the masses of her <i>little</i> ones. Of his
+  ancestors Bunyan boasted not, but pleaded with the readers of the first
+  edition of his <i>Sighs from Hell</i>, 'Be not ashamed to own me because
+  of my low and contemptible descent in the world.' From the life of the
+  great dreamer, appended to my second edition of Bunyan's works (Blackie,
+  Glasgow), it appears that he left three children: Thomas, a valuable
+  member of his church; Joseph, who settled in Nottingham; and Sarah.
+  Joseph is named by one of Bunyan's earliest biographers, who told his
+  father that 'a worthy citizen of London would take him apprentice without
+  money, which might be a great means to advance him; but he replied to me,
+  <i>God did not send him to advance his family, but to preach the
+  Gospel</i>.'</p>
+
+  <p>"The Rev. J. H. A. Rudd of Bedford and Elstow has most kindly searched
+  the registers of Elstow and Goldington, and has discovered some
+  interesting entries; and, as his numerous engagements will permit, he
+  will search the registry of the parish churches in Bedford and its
+  vicinity. Information would be most acceptable relative to Bunyan's
+  father and mother, his two wives, and his children, John, Elizabeth, and
+  Mary, who died in his life-time; and also as to Joseph. If your
+  correspondent <span class="sc">Furvus</span> would search the registers
+  at Nottingham, he might discover some valuable records of that branch of
+  the family. Bunyan is said to have been baptized about 1653; and in the
+  Elstow register it appears that his daughter Mary was registered as
+  <i>baptized</i> July 20, 1650, while his next daughter, Elizabeth, is on
+  the register as <i>born</i> April 14, 1654, showing the change in his
+  principles, as to infant baptism, to have taken place between those
+  periods. The family Bible given by John Bunyan to his son Joseph, now in
+  my possession, confirms the statement verbally communicated to me by his
+  descendant Mrs. Senegar, that her great-grandfather Joseph, having
+  conformed to please his rich wife, was anxious to conceal his affinity to
+  the illustrious tinker. The registers contained in it begin with Joseph's
+  son Thomas and Susannah his wife, and it is continued to Robert Bunyan,
+  born 1775, and who was lately living at Lincoln. I should be most happy
+  to show the Bible and copies of registers in my possession to any one who
+  will undertake to form a genealogy."</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">George Offor.</span>]</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Epigram on Dennis.</i>&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Should Dennis publish you had stabb'd your brother,</p>
+      <p>Lampoon'd your monarch, or debauch'd your mother," &amp;c.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>is printed as by Savage in Johnson's <i>Life of Savage</i>. In the
+  notes to <i>The Dunciad</i>, i. 106., it is said to be by Pope. <i>Utri
+  credemus?</i></p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. Z. Z. S.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[From the fact, that this epigram was not only attributed to Pope, in
+  the notes to the second edition of <i>The Dunciad</i>, published in 1729,
+  but also in those of 1743, the joint edition of Pope and Warburton, and
+  both published before the death of Pope, it seems extremely probable that
+  he was the author of it; more especially as he had been exasperated by a
+  twopenny tract, of which Dennis was suspected to be the writer, called
+  <i>A True Character of Mr. Pope and his Writings</i>; printed for S.
+  Popping, 1716. D'Israeli however, in his <i>Calamities of Authors</i>,
+  art. "The Influence of a bad Temper in Criticism," quoting it from Dr.
+  Johnson, conjectures it was written on the following occasion: "Thomson
+  and Pope charitably supported the veteran Zoilus at a benefit play, and
+  Savage, who had nothing but a verse to give, returned them very poetical
+  thanks in the name of Dennis. He was then blind and old, but his critical
+  ferocity had no old age; his surliness overcame every grateful sense, and
+  he swore as usual, 'They could be no one's but that <i>fool</i>
+  Savage's,' an evidence of his sagacity and brutality. This perhaps
+  prompted 'the fool' to take this fair revenge and just chastisement."
+  After all, Dr. Johnson, who was at that time narrating Savage's intimate
+  acquaintance with Pope, may have attributed to the former what seems to
+  have been the production of the latter.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Football played on Shrove Tuesday.</i>&mdash;The people of this and
+  the neighbouring towns invariably play at football on Shrove Tuesday.
+  What is the origin of the custom? and does it extend to other
+  counties?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. P. S.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dorking.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>["Shrove-tide," says Warton, "was formerly a season of extraordinary
+  sport and feasting. There was <!-- Page 224 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page224"></a>{224}</span>anciently a feast immediately preceding
+  Lent, which lasted many days, called <i>Carniscapium</i>. In some cities
+  of France an officer was annually chosen, called Le Prince d'Amoreux, who
+  presided over the sports of the youth for six days before Ash Wednesday.
+  Some traces of these festivities still remain in our Universities." In
+  these degenerate days more is known, we suspect, of pancakes and
+  fritters, than of a football match and a cock-fight:&mdash;the latter, we
+  are happy to say, is now almost forgotten among us. As to the pancake
+  custom, no doubt that is most religiously observed by the readers of "N.
+  &amp; Q.," in obedience to the rubric of the <i>Oxford Sausage</i>:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Let glad Shrove Tuesday bring the pancake thin,</p>
+      <p>Or fritter rich, with apples stored within."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>According to Fitz-Stephen, "After dinner, all the youths go into the
+  fields to play at the ball. The scholars of every school have their ball
+  and bastion in their hands. The ancient and wealthy men of the city come
+  forth on horseback to see the sport of the young men, and to take part of
+  the pleasure, in beholding their agility." And till within the last few
+  years:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"... The humble play</p>
+      <p>Of trap or football on a holiday,</p>
+      <p>In Finsbury fields,"&mdash;</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>was sufficiently common in the neighbourhood of London and other
+  places. See Brande's <i>Popular Antiquities</i>, vol. i. pp. 63-94.
+  (Bohn's edition), and Hone's <i>Every-Day Book</i>, vol. i. pp. 244.
+  255-260.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Vossioner; its Meaning.</i>&mdash;In looking over a parcel of brass
+  rubbings made some years since, I find the word <i>vossioner</i> used,
+  and not knowing its signification, I should be glad to be enlightened on
+  the subject; but, in order to enable your readers to judge more
+  correctly, I think it better to copy the whole of the epitaph in which
+  the word occurs. The plate is in Ufton Church, near Southam, county
+  Warwick; it measures eighteen inches in width by sixteen deep.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Here lyeth the boddyes of Richard Hoddomes, Parsson and Pattron and
+  <i>Vossioner</i> of the Churche and Parishe of Oufton, in the Countie of
+  Warrike, who died one Mydsomer Daye, 1587. And Margerye his Wiffe
+  w<sup>th</sup> <i>her</i> seven Childryn, as namelye, Richard,
+  <i>John</i>, and <i>John</i>, Anne, Jane, Elizabeth, Ayles, <i>his</i>
+  iiii Daughters, <i>whose soule</i> restethe with God."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I give the epitaph <i>verbatim</i>, with its true orthography. There
+  are some curious points in this epitaph. First, the date of the death of
+  the clergyman only is given; second, the children are called <i>hers</i>,
+  while the four daughters are <i>his</i>; and two of the sons bear the
+  same Christian name, whilst only one <i>soul</i> is said to rest with
+  God. The family is represented kneeling. Above the inscription, and
+  between the clergyman and his lady, is a desk, on which is represented
+  two books lying open before them.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B. Whitborne.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Vossioner seems to be corruption of the Italian <i>vossignor</i>,
+  your lord, or the lord, <i>i.e.</i> owner or proprietor. Many similar
+  words were introduced by the Italian ecclesiastics inducted into Church
+  livings during the sixteenth century. The inscription is given in
+  Dugdale's <i>Warwickshire</i>, vol. i. p. 358.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>The Game of Chess.</i>&mdash;At what period was the noble game of
+  chess introduced into the British Isles; and to whom are we indebted for
+  its introduction among us?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">B. Ashton.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[The precise date of the introduction of this game into Britain is
+  uncertain. What has been collected respecting it will be found in the
+  Hon. Daines Barrington's paper in <i>Archæologia</i>, vol. ix. p. 28.;
+  and in Hyde's treatise, <i>Mandragorias, seu Historia Shahiludii</i>.
+  Oxoniæ, 1694.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>A Juniper Letter.</i>&mdash;Fuller, in describing a letter written
+  by Bishop Grosthead to Pope Innocent IV., makes use of a curious epithet,
+  of which I should be glad to meet with another instance, if it be not
+  simply a "Fullerism":</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Bishop Grouthead offended thereat, wrote Pope Innocent IV. such a
+  <i>juniper letter</i>, taxing him with extortion and other vicious
+  practices."&mdash;<i>Church History</i>, book <span
+  class="scac">III.</span>, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1254.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. M. B.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>["A juniper lecture," meaning a round scolding bout, is still in use
+  among the canting gentry.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>CLARENCE.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ix., p. 85.)</p>
+
+  <p>Clarence is beyond all doubt the district comprehending and lying
+  around the town and castle of Clare in Suffolk, and not, as some have
+  fancifully supposed, the town of Chiarenza in the Morea. Some of the
+  crusaders did, indeed, acquire titles of honour derived from places in
+  eastern lands, but certainly no such place ever gave its name to an
+  honorary feud held of the crown of England, nor, indeed, has <i>ever</i>
+  any English sovereign to this day bestowed a territorial title derived
+  from a place beyond the limits of his own nominal dominions; the latest
+  creations of the kind being the earldoms of Albemarle and Tankerville,
+  respectively bestowed by William III. and George I., who were both
+  nominally kings of Great Britain, <i>France</i>, and Ireland. In ancient
+  times every English title (with the exception of Aumerle or Albemarle,
+  which exception is only an apparent one) was either personal, or derived
+  from some place in England. The ancient earls of Albemarle were not
+  English peers by virtue of that earldom, but by virtue of the tenure of
+  lands in England, though, being the holders of a Norman earldom, they
+  were known in England by their higher designation, just as some of the
+  <!-- Page 225 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page225"></a>{225}</span>Barons De Umfravill were styled, even in
+  writs of summons, by their superior Scottish title of Earl of Angos. If
+  these earls had not held English fees, they would not have been peers of
+  England any more than were the ancient Earls of Tankerville and Eu. In
+  later times the strictness of the feudal law was so far relaxed, that in
+  two or three instances English peers were created with territorial titles
+  derived from places in the Duchy of Normandy.</p>
+
+  <p>As to the locality of Clarence, see Sandford's <i>Genealogical
+  History</i>, 1707, p. 222. There is a paper on the subject in the
+  <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i> for November, 1850. The king of arms called
+  Clarenceux, or in Latin <i>Clarentius</i>, was, as it has been very
+  reasonably conjectured, originally a herald retained by a Duke of
+  Clarence. (Noble's <i>History of the College of Arms</i>, p. 61.) Hoping
+  ere long to send you some notes respecting certain real or seeming
+  anomalies amongst our English dignities, I reserve some particulars which
+  may, perhaps, farther elucidate the present question.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Goldencross.</span></p>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent <span class="sc">Honoré de Mareville</span> has
+  wandered too far in going to the Morea to search for this title. Clare in
+  Suffolk was one of the ninety-five manors in that county bestowed by the
+  Conqueror upon Richard Fitzgilbert, who (as well as his successor
+  Gilbert) resided at Tunbridge, and bore the surname of De Tonebruge. His
+  grandson Richard, the first Earl of Hertford, fixed his principal seat at
+  Clare, and thenceforth the family took the surname of De Clare; and in
+  the Latin documents of the time the several members of it were styled
+  <i>Ricardus</i> (or <i>Gilbertus</i>), <i>Dominus Clarensis</i>, <i>Comes
+  Hertfordiensis</i>. The name of the lordship thus becoming the family
+  surname, it is easy to see how in common usage the formal epithet
+  <i>Clarensis</i> soon became Clarence, and why Lionel, the son of Edward
+  III., upon his marriage with Elizabeth de Burgh, the grand-niece and
+  heiress of the last Gilbertus Clarensis, should choose as the title for
+  his dukedom the surname of the great family of which he had now become
+  the representative.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Vokaros.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>MILTON'S WIDOW.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375. 452. 471. 544.
+594.)</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Garlichithe</span> is again on the wrong scent. In
+  his first communication on this subject, he allowed himself to go astray
+  by mistaking Randle Minshull the <i>grandfather</i> for Randle Minshull
+  the <i>son</i>; and now, with the like fatality, he fails to discriminate
+  between Richard Minshull the <i>uncle</i>, and Richard Minshull the
+  <i>brother</i>, of Elizabeth Milton. A second examination of my Reply in
+  Vol. viii., p. 200., will suffice to show him that Richard Minshull, the
+  party to the deed there quoted, was named by me as the <i>brother</i>,
+  and not the <i>uncle</i>, of Milton's widow, and that therefore his
+  argument, based on disparity of age, &amp;c., falls to the ground. On the
+  other hand, Richard Minshull of Chester, to whom the letter alluded to
+  was addressed, was the brother of Randle Minshull of Wistaston, and by
+  the same token, uncle of Elizabeth Milton, and of Richard Minshull, her
+  brother and co-partner in the deed already referred to.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Garlichithe</span>, and all others who have taken an
+  interest in this discussion, will now, I trust, see clearly that there
+  has been nothing adduced by either <span class="sc">Mr. Marsh</span> or
+  myself inconsistent with ages or dates; but that, on the contrary, all
+  our premises and conclusions are borne out by evidence clear,
+  irreproachable, and incontestable.</p>
+
+  <p>All objections being now, as I conceive, fully combated and disposed
+  of, the substance of our investigations may be summed up in a very few
+  words. The statement of Pennant, adopted by all succeeding writers, to
+  the effect that Elizabeth, the widow of John Milton, was a daughter of
+  Sir Edward Minshull of Stoke, is clearly proved to be a fiction. It has
+  been farther proved, from the parish registers, as well as from bonds and
+  other documentary evidence, that she was, without doubt, the daughter of
+  Randle Minshull of Wistaston, a village about three miles from Nantwich;
+  that she was the cousin of Milton's familiar friend, Dr. Paget, and as
+  such became entitled to a legacy under the learned Doctor's will, and
+  that she is expressly named by Richard Minshull as his sister in the deed
+  before quoted.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Chester.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>THREE FLEURS-DE-LYS.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ix., pp. 35. 113.)</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Devoniensis</span> is informed that an example of
+  this occurs in the arms of King James's School, Almondbury, Yorkshire.
+  The impression, as taken from the great seal of the school, in which
+  however the colours are not distinguished, may be imperfectly described
+  as follows: Three lions (two over one) passant gardant &mdash;&mdash;, on
+  a chief &mdash;&mdash;, three fleurs-de-lys &mdash;&mdash;.</p>
+
+  <p>As it is not unlikely that some other of King James's foundations may
+  have the same arms, it would be considered a favour if any reader of "N.
+  &amp; Q." possessing the information would communicate the proper colours
+  in this case, or even the probable ones.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Camelodunensis.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Devoniensis</span> is quite right in supposing that
+  the bearing of three fleurs-de-lys alone, horizontal, in the upper part
+  of the shield,&mdash;in other words, <!-- Page 226 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page226"></a>{226}</span>in chief,
+  fess-ways,&mdash;is a very rare occurrence. I know of no instance of it
+  in English blazon. Coupled with another and principal charge, as a fess,
+  a chevron, a lion, &amp;c.; or in a chief, it is common enough. Nor have
+  I ever met with an example of it in French coat-armour. An English
+  family, named Rothfeld, but apparently of German extraction, gives:
+  Gules, two fleurs-de-lys, in chief, ermine. Du Guesclin bore nothing like
+  a fleur-de-lys in any way. The armorial bearings of the famous Constable
+  were: Argent, a double-headed eagle, displayed, sable, crowned, or,
+  debruised of a bend, gules.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John o' the Ford.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+  <p>P.S.&mdash;Since writing the above, I have read three replies (Vol.
+  ix., p. 84.), which do not appear to me to exactly meet the Query of
+  <span class="sc">Devoniensis</span>.</p>
+
+  <p>I understand the question to be, does any English family bear simply
+  three fleurs-de-lys, in chief, fess-ways&mdash;without any additional
+  charge? And in that sense my reply above is framed.</p>
+
+  <p>The first example given by <span class="sc">Mr. Mackenzie
+  Walcott</span> would be most satisfactory and conclusive of the existence
+  of such a bearing, could it be verified; but, unfortunately, in the
+  <i>Heraldic Dictionaries</i> of Berry and Burke, the name even of
+  Trilleck or Trelleck does not occur. And in Malta, I have no opportunity
+  of consulting Edmondson or Robson.</p>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent A. B. (p. 113.) has mistaken the three white lilies
+  for fleurs-de-lys in the arms of Magdalen College, Oxford. Waynflete, the
+  founder, was also Provost of Eton, and adopted the device from the
+  bearings of that illustrious school; by which they were borne in allusion
+  to St. Mary, to whom that College is dedicated.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346. 625.; Vol. ix., p. 78.)</p>
+
+  <p>The well-known law dictionary, entitled <i>The Interpreter</i>, by
+  John Cowel, LL.D., was burned (1610) under a proclamation of James I.
+  (D'Israeli's <i>Calamities of Authors</i>, ed. 1840, p. 133.)</p>
+
+  <p>In June, 1622, the Commentary of David Pare, or Paræus <i>On the
+  Epistle to the Romans</i>, was burned at London, Oxford, and Cambridge,
+  by order of the Privy Council. (Wood's <i>Hist. and Antiq. of Univ. of
+  Oxford</i>, ed. Gutch, vol. ii. pp. 341-345.; Cooper's <i>Annals of
+  Cambridge</i>, vol. iii. pp. 143, 144.)</p>
+
+  <p>On the 12th of February, 1634, <i>Elenchus Religionis Papisticæ</i>,
+  by John Bastwicke, M.D., was ordered to be burned by the High Commission
+  Court. (Prynne's <i>New Discovery of the Prelates' Tyranny</i>, p.
+  132.)</p>
+
+  <p>On the 10th of February, 1640-1 the House of Lords ordered that two
+  books published by John Pocklington, D.D., entitled <i>Altare
+  Christianum</i>, and <i>Sunday no Sabbath</i>, should be publicly burned
+  in the city of London and the two Universities, by the hands of the
+  common executioner; and on the 10th of March the House ordered the
+  Sheriffs of London and the Vice-Chancellors of both the Universities,
+  forthwith to take care and see the order of the House carried into
+  execution. (<i>Lords' Journals</i>, vol. iv. pp. 161. 180.)</p>
+
+  <p>On the 13th of August, 1660, Charles II. issued a proclamation against
+  Milton's <i>Defensio pro Populo Anglicano</i>, his <i>Answer to the
+  Portraiture of his Sacred Majesty in his Solitude and Sufferings</i>, and
+  a book by John Goodwin, late of Coleman Street, London, Clerk, entitled
+  <i>The Obstructors of Justice</i>. All copies of these books were to be
+  brought to the sheriffs of counties, who were to cause the same to be
+  publicly burned by the hands of the common hangman at the next assizes.
+  (Kennett's <i>Register and Chronicle</i>, p. 207.) This proclamation is
+  also printed in Collet's <i>Relics of Literature</i>, with the inaccurate
+  date 1672, and the absurd statement that no copy of the proclamation was
+  discovered till 1797.</p>
+
+  <p>In January, 1692-3, a pamphlet by Charles Blount, Esq., entitled
+  <i>King William and Queen Mary, Conquerors, &amp;c.</i>, was burned by
+  the common hangman in Palace Yard, Westminster. (Bohun's
+  <i>Autobiography</i>, ed. S. W. Rix, vol. xxiv. pp. 106, 109. 113.;
+  Wilson's <i>Life of De Foe</i>, vol. i. p. 179 <i>n</i>.)</p>
+
+  <p>The same parliament consigned to the flames Bishop Burnet's
+  <i>Pastoral Letter</i>, which had been published 1689. (Wilson's <i>Life
+  of De Foe</i>, vol. i. p. 179.)</p>
+
+  <p>On the 31st of July, 1693, the second volume of Anthony à Wood's
+  <i>Athenæ Oxonienses</i> was burned in the Theatre Yard at Oxford by the
+  Apparitor of the University, in pursuance of the sentence of the
+  University Court in a prosecution for a libel on the memory of Edward
+  Hyde, Earl of Clarendon. (<i>Life of Mr. Anthony à Wood</i>, ed. 1772, p.
+  377.)</p>
+
+  <p>On the 25th of February, 1702-3, the House of Commons ordered De Foe's
+  <i>Shortest Way with the Dissenters</i> to be burned by the hands of the
+  common hangman on the morrow in New Palace Yard. (Wilson's <i>Life of De
+  Foe</i>, vol. ii. p. 62.)</p>
+
+  <p>In or about 1709, John Humphrey, an aged non-conformist minister,
+  having published a pamphlet against the Test, and circulated it amongst
+  the members of parliament, was cited before a committee, and his work was
+  ordered to be burned by the common hangman. (Wilson's <i>Life of De
+  Foe</i>, vol. iii. p. 52.)</p>
+
+  <p>The <i>North Briton</i>, No. 45., was on the 3rd of December, 1763,
+  burned by the common hangman at the Royal Exchange, by order of the House
+  of <!-- Page 227 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page227"></a>{227}</span>Commons. The following account is from
+  Malcolm's <i>Anecdotes of London</i>, 4to., 1808, p. 282.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The 3rd of December was appointed for this silly ceremony, which took
+  place before the Royal Exchange, amidst the hisses and execrations of the
+  mob, not directed at the obnoxious paper, but at Alderman Harley, the
+  sheriffs, and constables, the latter of whom were compelled to fight
+  furiously through the whole business. The instant the hangman held the
+  work to a lighted link it was beat to the ground, and the populace,
+  seizing the faggots prepared to complete its destruction, fell upon the
+  peace-officers and fairly threshed them from the field; nor did the
+  alderman escape without a contusion on the head, inflicted by a bullet
+  thrown through the glass of his coach; and several other persons had
+  reason to repent the attempt to burn that publicly which the <i>sovereign
+  people</i> determined to approve, who afterwards exhibited a large
+  <i>jack-boot</i> at Temple Bar, and burnt it in triumph, unmolested, as a
+  species of retaliation."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I am not aware that what Mr. Malcolm terms a "silly ceremony" has been
+  repeated since 1763.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p>I know not whether you have noticed the following:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Droit le Roy; or, A Digest of the Rights and Prerogatives of the
+  Imperial Crown of Great Britain. By a Member of the Society of Lincoln's
+  Inn. 'Dieu et Mon Droit.' [Royal Arms, with G. R.] London: printed and
+  sold by W. Griffin, in Fetter Lane, <span
+  class="scac">MDCCLXIV</span>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Lord Mahon (<i>History of England</i>, vol. v. p. 175.) says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It was also observed, and condemned as a shallow artifice, that the
+  House of Lords, to counterbalance their condemnation of Wilkes's violent
+  democracy, took similar measures against a book of exactly opposite
+  principles. This was a treatise or collection of precedents lately
+  published under the title of <i>Droit le Roy</i>, to uphold the
+  prerogative of the crown against the rights of the people. The Peers, on
+  the motion of Lord Lyttleton, seconded by the Duke of Grafton, voted this
+  book 'a false, malicious, and traitorous libel, inconsistent with the
+  principles of the Revolution to which we owe the present happy
+  establishment;' they ordered that it should be burned by the hands of the
+  common hangman, and that the author should be taken into custody. The
+  latter part of the sentence, however, no one took any pains to execute.
+  The author was one Timothy Brecknock, a hack scribbler, who, twenty years
+  afterwards, was hanged for being accessary to an atrocious murder in
+  Ireland."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>A copy of the book (an octavo of xii. and 95 pages) is in my
+  possession. It was apparently a presentation copy, and formerly belonged
+  to Dr. Disney; at whose sale it was purchased by the late Richard Heber,
+  as his MS. note testifies. Against the political views which this book
+  advocates, I say not one word; as a legal treatise it is simply
+  despicable.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. Gough.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Lincoln's Inn.</p>
+
+  <p>The following extract is at the service of <span
+  class="sc">Balliolensis</span>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In the seventh year of King James I., Dr. Cowel's <i>Interpreter</i>
+  was censured by the two Houses, as asserting several points to the
+  overthrow and destruction of Parliaments and of the fundamental laws and
+  government of the kingdom. And one of the articles charged upon him to
+  this purpose by the Commons, in their complaint to the Lords, was, as Mr.
+  Petyt says, out of the <i>Journal</i>, this that follows:</p>
+
+  <p>"'4thly. The Doctor draws his arguments from the imperial laws of the
+  Roman Emperors, an argument which may be urged with as great reason, and
+  with as great authority, for the reduction of the state and the clergy of
+  England to the polity and laws in the time of those Emperors; as also to
+  make the laws and customs of Rome and Constantinople to be binding and
+  obligatory in the cities of London and York.'</p>
+
+  <p>"The issue of which complaint was, that the author, for these his
+  outlandish politics, was taken into custody, and his book condemned to
+  the flames: nor could the dedication of it to his then grace of
+  Canterbury save it."&mdash;Atterbury's <i>Rights, Powers, and Privileges
+  of Convocation</i>, p. 7. of Preface.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. Fraser, B.C.L.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p>
+
+  <p>I possess a copy of <i>The Case of Ireland being bound by Acts of
+  Parliament in England stated</i>, by William Molyneux of Dublin, Esq.,
+  which appears to have been literally "plucked as brand from the burning,"
+  as a considerable portion of it is consumed by fire. I have cut the
+  following from a sale catalogue just sent to me from Dublin:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Smith's (Matthew) <i>Memoirs of Secret Service</i>, Lond. 1696.
+  Written by Charles, Earl of Peterborough, and is very scarce, being burnt
+  by the hangman. MS. note."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">James Graves.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Kilkenny.</p>
+
+  <p>A decree of the University of Oxford, made July 21, 1683, condemning
+  George Buchanan's treatise <i>De jure regni apud Scotos</i>, and certain
+  other books, the names of which I do not know, was on March 25, 1710,
+  ordered by the House of Lords to be burned by the hangman. This was
+  shortly after the trial of Dr. Sacheverel.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. P. Storer.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Olney, Bucks.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>DIFFERENT PRODUCTIONS OF DIFFERENT CARCASES.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. vi., p. 263.)</p>
+
+  <p>Up to a very recent period, it was held, even by philosophers, that
+  each of the four elements, as well as every <i>living</i> plant and
+  animal, both <!-- Page 228 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page228"></a>{228}</span>brute and human, generated insects; but of
+  all sources of this equivocal generation, none was considered more potent
+  than the putrefaction or corruption of animal matter: as Du Bartas
+  says:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"God, not contented to each kind to give,</p>
+      <p>And to infuse the virtue generative,</p>
+      <p>By His wise power, made many creatures breed,</p>
+      <p>Of <i>lifeless bodies</i> without Venus' deed."</p>
+      <p class="i12"><i>Sixth Day.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Pliny, after giving Virgil's receipt for making bees, gives similar
+  instances:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Like as dead horses will breed waspes and hornets; and asses carrion,
+  turne to be beetle-flies by a certaine metamorphosis which Nature maketh
+  from one creature to another."&mdash;Lib. xi. c. xx.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>And soon after he says of wasps:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"All the sorte of these live upon flesh, contrarie to <i>the manner of
+  bees, which will not touch a dead carcasse</i>."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This brings Shakepeare's lines to mind:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">" 'Tis seldom when the bee doth leave her comb</p>
+      <p>In the <i>dead carrion</i>."</p>
+      <p class="i6"><i>Henry IV.</i>, Part II. Act IV. Sc. 4.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The <i>Belfast News Letter</i> of Friday, Aug. 10, 1832, gives one of
+  these rare occurrences:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A few days ago, when the sexton was digging a grave in Temple Cranney
+  (a burying-place in Portaferry, co. Down), he came to a coffin which had
+  been there two or three years: this he thought necessary to remove. In
+  this operation, he was startled by a great quantity of wild bees issuing
+  forth from the coffin; and upon lifting the lid, it was found that they
+  had formed their combs in the dead man's skull and mouth, which were
+  full. The nest was made of the hair of the head, together with shavings
+  that had been put in the coffin with the corpse."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This quotation is given in an interesting work of Mr. Patterson's,
+  <i>Letters on the Natural History of the Insects mentioned in
+  Shakspeare's Plays</i>: London, 1838.</p>
+
+  <p>Your correspondent R. T. shows that <i>serpents</i> were supposed to
+  be generated by <i>human</i> carcases. Pliny says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"I have heard many a man say that the <i>marrow of a man's
+  backebone</i> will breed to a snake."&mdash;<i>Hist. Nat.</i>, x. 66.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The story of the "fair young German gentleman" reminds me of one of a
+  gentle shepherd and his beloved Amarante, told in De Britaine's <i>Human
+  Prudence</i>, 12th edit., Dublin, 1726, Part I. p. 171. The corpse of the
+  "Cæsar," seen by St. Augustine and Monica, was most probably that of
+  Maximus, Emperor of the West, slain by the soldiers of Theodosius, <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 388.</p>
+
+  <p>Sir Thos. Browne&mdash;"treating of the conceit that the mandrake
+  grows under gallowses, and arises from the fat, or <span title="ouron" class="grk"
+  >&omicron;&#x1F56;&rho;&omicron;&nu;</span>, of the dead malefactor, and
+  hence has the form of a man&mdash;says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"This is so far from being verified of animals in their corruptive
+  mutations into plants, that they maintain not this similitude in their
+  nearer translation into animals. So when the ox corrupteth into bees, or
+  the horse into hornets, they come not forth in the image of their
+  originals. So the corrupt and excrementitious humours in man are animated
+  into lice: and we may observe that hogs, sheep, goats, hawks, hens, and
+  others, have one peculiar and proper kind of vermin."&mdash;<i>Works</i>,
+  Bohn's edit., vol. i. p. 197.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The editor furnishes the following note:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The immortal Harvey, in his <i>De Generations</i>, struck the first
+  blow at the root of the irrational system called <i>equivocal
+  generation</i>, when he laid down his brief but most pungent law,
+  <i>Omnia ex ovo</i>. But the belief transmitted from antiquity, that
+  living beings generated spontaneously from putrescent matter, long
+  maintained its ground, and a certain modification of it is even still
+  advocated by some naturalists of the greatest acuteness. The first few
+  pages of the volume entitled <i>Insect Transformations</i> (in <i>The
+  Library of Entertaining Knowledge</i>) are occupied by a very interesting
+  investigation of this subject."&mdash;See also Sir T. Browne's
+  <i>Works</i>, vol. i. p. 378., vol. ii. pp. 523, 524.; and Izaak Walton's
+  <i>Complete Angler</i>, passim.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The equivocal generation of bees is copiously dwelt on in Bochart's
+  <i>Hierozoicon</i>, London, 1663, fol., Part II. p. 502. Instances of
+  their attaching themselves to dead bodies, in spite of their ordinary
+  antipathy, are given at p. 506.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eirionnach.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>VANDYKE IN AMERICA.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 182. 228.)</p>
+
+  <p>To your correspondent C. I would say, that his observation&mdash;that
+  the Query was as to an <i>engraving</i>, whilst my answer was as to a
+  <i>picture</i>&mdash;is not true; as I am sure, from memory, that <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Westmacott</span> used the word "portraits." But I plead
+  in extenuation of my pretended grave offence, 1. That the Query was not
+  propounded by C., but by a gentleman to whom the information given might
+  be, as I supposed, of some interest; more particularly as I referred to
+  the <i>Travels</i> of an Englishman, both of which, author and work, were
+  accessible. 2. That, in common with the American readers of "N. &amp;
+  Q.," I regarded it as "a journal of inter-communication," through whose
+  columns information might be asked for, the request to be treated with
+  the same consideration and courtesy as though addressed to each
+  individual subscriber. I may add that <span class="sc">Lord
+  Braybrooke</span> and <span class="sc">Mr. Wodderspoon</span> (Vol. iv.,
+  p. 17.) have urged "the necessity for recording the existence of painted
+  historical portraits, scattered, as we know they are," &amp;c. <!-- Page
+  229 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page229"></a>{229}</span></p>
+
+  <p>Now, as to the expression "worthies, famous in English history." I
+  presume I need do no more concerning its application to Lord Orrery, Sir
+  Robert Walpole, &amp;c., than say, it was used as signifying "men of
+  mark," without intending to endorse their "worth" either morally,
+  mentally, or politically; its application to Colonel Hill and Colonel
+  Byrd, as meaning "men of worth," might, did your limits permit, be
+  defended on high grounds.</p>
+
+  <p>Then as to the possibility of Vandyke's having painted the portraits.
+  If C. will have the kindness to look at C. Campbell's <i>History of
+  Virginia</i>, he will find,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"1654. At a meeting of the Assembly, William Hatchin, having been
+  convicted of having called Colonel Edward Hill 'an atheist and
+  blasphemer,' was compelled to make acknowledgment of his offence upon his
+  knees before Colonel Hill and the Assembly."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This Colonel Hill, generally known as Colonel Edward Hill the Elder, a
+  gentleman of great wealth, built the mansion at Shirley, where his
+  portrait, brought from England, hangs in the same place, in the same hall
+  in which he had it put up. It represents a youth in pastoral costume,
+  crook in hand, flocks in the background. By a comparison of dates, C.
+  will find it possible for Vandyke to have painted it. (See Bryan's
+  <i>Engravers and Painters</i>.) It has descended, along with the estate,
+  to his lineal representative, the present owner. Its authenticity rests
+  upon <i>tradition</i> coupled with the foregoing facts, as far as I know
+  (though the family may have abundant documentary proof), and I doubt very
+  much whether many "Vandykes in England" are better ascertained. I would
+  add that several English gentlemen, among them, as I have heard, a
+  distinguished ambassador recently in this country, recognised it as a
+  Vandyke. This picture, amongst others, was injured by the balls fired
+  from the vessels which ascended the James river, under command of General
+  Arnold, then a British officer. On the younger Mr. Hill's tomb at Shirley
+  is a coat of arms, a copy of which, had I one to send, would probably
+  point out his family in England.<a name="footnotetag2"
+  href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>
+
+  <p>As to Colonel Byrd's portrait. There were, I believe, three gentlemen
+  of this name and title, more or less confounded in reputation, the second
+  of whom, generally known as "Colonel Byrd the Elder," by reason of his
+  son's history, was born in 1674. The picture is of his <i>father</i>,
+  that is, of "old," or "the first Colonel Byrd," and is in the same style
+  as that of Colonel Hill's, representing a shepherd lad. He was an English
+  gentleman of great wealth, and certainly of some benevolence. In
+  Campbell's <i>Virginia</i>, p. 104. (see also Oldmixon, vol. i. p. 427.),
+  it is stated, 1690, a large body of Huguenots were sent to Virginia. "The
+  refugees found in Colonel Byrd, of Westover, a generous benefactor. Each
+  settler was allowed a strip of land running back from the river to the
+  foot of the hill (Henrico County). Here they raised cattle," &amp;c. He
+  sent his son to England to be educated under the care of a friend, Sir
+  Robert Southwell. The son became a Fellow of the Royal Society, "was the
+  intimate and bosom friend of the learned and illustrious Charles Boyle,
+  Earl of Orrery," was the author of the <i>Westover MSS.</i> (mentioned in
+  Oldmixon's preface, 2nd ed.), portions of which, "Progress to the Mines,"
+  "History of the Dividing Line," &amp;c., have been printed, others are in
+  the library of the American Philosophical Society.<a name="footnotetag3"
+  href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a> His portrait is "by Kneller, a fine
+  old cavalier face," says Campbell. The letters received at Westover might
+  prove not uninteresting even to C., seeing that there were so many titled
+  people among the writers; and to a gentleman of education and
+  intelligence, the Westover library would have been a treasure-house. In
+  the Loganian Library in this city is a large MS. folio, whose title-page
+  declares it to be "a catalogue of books in the library at Westover,
+  belonging to William Byrd, Esq.," from which it appears that in Law there
+  were the English reporters (beginning with Y. B.) and text-writers, laws
+  of France, Scotland, Rome (various editions of Pandects, &amp;c.); Canon
+  Law, with numerous approved commentators on each. In Physic a great many
+  works, which, as I am told, were, and some still are, of high repute: I
+  note only one, <i>Poor Planter's Physician interleaved</i>. This, to
+  every one who has been upon a great Virginia plantation, bespeaks the
+  benevolence characteristic of the proprietors of Westover. In Divinity,
+  besides pages of orthodox divines, Bibles in various languages (several
+  in Hebrew, one in seven vols.), are Socinius, Bellarmine, &amp;c. The
+  works on Metallurgy, Natural History, Metaphysics, Military Science,
+  Heraldry, Navigation, Music, &amp;c., are very numerous; and either of
+  the collections of history, or entertainment, or classics, or political
+  science, would form no inconsiderable library of itself. <!-- Page 230
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page230"></a>{230}</span>An impression
+  of Colonel Byrd's book-plate, given by a friend, is enclosed. I must add
+  that the pictures at Brandon are at that mansion, through the marriage of
+  Mr. Harrison (a signer of the Declaration of Independence) with the
+  daughter of the third Colonel Byrd.</p>
+
+  <p>I have occupied much more space than I intended, but I have said
+  enough I hope to show, 1. That it is possible, from dates, from the
+  character, wealth, and position of Mr. Byrd and Mr. Hill, together with
+  the length of time the pictures have remained in the respective families,
+  for Vandyke to have painted these portraits. 2. That as men who directed
+  the energies, developed the resources, of our infant settlements, who
+  brought hither the products of science, literature, and art, who
+  exhibited the refinements of birth, the graces of good breeding, yet were
+  always ready to serve their country in the field or in the council, Mr.
+  Byrd and Mr. Hill are vastly more worthy of commemoration and reverence
+  than all the Earls of Dredlington that ever sat at his majesty's Board of
+  Green Cloth.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Balch.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>It is curious to observe how matters of history appear and disappear
+  as it were. "The mighty Tottipottimoy," says Hudibras (part ii. cant. ii.
+  l. 421.),&mdash;on which the Rev. Dr. Nash has this note: "I don't know
+  whether this is a real name or only an imitation of North-American
+  phraseology; the appellation of an individual, or a title of
+  office:"&mdash;Tottipottimoy was king of the warlike and powerful
+  Parnunkies, and was defeated and slain by the Virginians, commanded by
+  Colonel Hill, in the action from which Bloody Run takes its name.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+  <p>There is a curious passage in the Westover MSS. concerning William
+  Penn, of which Mr. Macaulay should have a copy, unless one has been
+  already sent to him.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Cyanide of Potassium.</i>&mdash;It may be interesting to our
+  photographic friends to know that cyanide of potassium is capable of
+  replacing hyposulphite of soda in all collodion processes. If used of the
+  strength of five grains to one ounce of water, no danger need be
+  apprehended from it. Its merits are cleanliness, quickness of operation,
+  and the minute quantity of water required for washing the picture fixed
+  therewith.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B. Hockin.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Mode of exciting Calotype Paper.</i>&mdash;I forgot inserting this
+  plan of exciting in my paper: it is very clean and convenient, simple and
+  sure. Obtain a piece of plate glass, two or three inches larger than your
+  paper, level it on a table with a few bits of wood, pour on it your
+  exciting mixture (say aceto-nitrate and gallic acid, solution of each 20
+  minims, distilled water 1 ounce), and spread it evenly over with a scrap
+  of blotting-paper. Float your paper two minutes, remove and blot off;
+  this ensures perfect evenness, especially if the paper is large. You may
+  thus excite half a dozen papers with little more trouble than one.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thos. L. Mansell.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The Double Iodide Solution&mdash;Purity of Photographic
+  Chemicals.</i>&mdash;The observations of <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Leachman</span> upon the solvent powers of iodide of potassium (Vol ix.,
+  p. 182.) are perfectly correct, but I believe our photographic chemicals
+  are often much adulterated. The iodide of potassium is frequently mixed
+  with the carbonate. <span class="sc">Dr. Mansell</span> writes me word,
+  in a comment upon your note upon his communication, "What I used was
+  <i>very</i> pure, having been prepared by Mr. Arnold with great care: it
+  was some that had gone to the Great Exhibition as a sample of Guernsey
+  make, and obtained a medal." I have this day used exactly seven ounces
+  avoirdupois to make a pint of the iodizing solution, which, within a few
+  grains, agrees with my former results. Nitrate of silver, I am informed
+  upon a most respectable authority, has been adulterated thirty per cent.,
+  and without careful testing has eluded detection; but I am inclined to
+  think our cheapest article has come in for its largest share of mixture.
+  I have lately perfectly failed in the removal of the iodide of silver
+  with a <i>saturated</i> solution of what I purchased as hyposulphite of
+  soda, but which could have been little else than common Glauber's salts;
+  for upon applying a similar solution of some which was made by M. Butka
+  of Prague, and supplied me by Messrs. Simpson and Maule, the effect was
+  almost immediate, demonstrating how much we are misled in our
+  conclusions, from believing we are manipulating with the same substances,
+  when in fact they are quite different.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hugh W. Diamond.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Hyposulphite of Soda Baths.</i>&mdash;Is there any objection to
+  using the same bath (saturated solution of hyposulphite) for fixing both
+  paper calotype <i>negatives</i> and positives printed on albumenized
+  paper from glass collodion negatives?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. E. F.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Daughters taking their Mothers' Names</i> (Vol. viii.,
+  p.586.).&mdash;<span class="sc">Buriensis</span> asked for instances of
+  temp. Edw. I., II., III., of a daughter adding to her own name that of
+  her mother: as Alice, daughter of Ada, &amp;c. Though I am not able to
+  furnish an instance of a daughter doing so, I can refer him to a few of
+  sons using that form of surname some years earlier, but the practice
+  seems very limited. Thus in <i>Liber de Antiquis Legibus</i>, published
+  by the Camden Society, we have, among the early sheriffs of London in
+  1193, Willielmus filius Ysabelis, or, as in the appendix 222, Ysabel; in
+  1200, Willielmus filius Alicie; in 1213, Martinus filius Alicie; and in
+  1233 and 1246, Simon filius Marie,&mdash;the same person that, as Simon
+  Fitz-Mary, is known as the founder of the Hospital of St. Mary Bethlehem
+  Without, Bishopsgate.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. S. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Middle Temple.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Young Pretender</i> (Vol. ix., p. 177.).&mdash;Will <span
+  class="sc">Ceyrep</span>, or any other correspondent, furnish me with
+  particulars of the Young Pretender's marriage with a daughter of the
+  House of Stolberg; her name, place of burial, &amp;c.? She was descended
+  maternally from the noble House of Bruce, through the marriage of Thomas,
+  second Earl of Aylesbury and third Earl of Elgin, with Charlotte (his
+  second wife) Countess of Sannu, or Sannau, of the House of Argenteau.
+  They had a daughter, Charlotte Maria, I suppose an only child, who was
+  married in the year 1722 to the Prince of Horn. These had issue Mary and
+  Elizabeth, whom also I suppose <!-- Page 231 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page231"></a>{231}</span>to have been only children. One of them
+  married the Prince of Stolberg, and the other the Prince of Salm. One of
+  the descendants of this family was an annuitant on the estate of the
+  Marquis of Aylesbury, as recently as twelve or fourteen years ago.
+  Information on any part of this descent would confer an obligation on</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Patonce.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>A Legend of the Hive</i> (Vol. ix., p. 167.).&mdash;With every
+  feeling of gratitude to <span class="sc">Eirionnach</span>, I cannot
+  receive praise for false metre and erroneous grammar. In the fifth line
+  of the first stanza of the quoted verse, the first of the above legend,
+  "are" is redundant: and in the first line of the next stanza, "bore"
+  should be "bare." I remember that in more cases than one the printer of
+  my published rhymes has perpetrated this latter mistake.</p>
+
+  <p>Suffer me to reply to a question of the same courteous critic <span
+  class="sc">Eirionnach</span>, in Vol. ix., p. 162., about a
+  "Christ-cross-row." This name for the alphabet obtained in the good old
+  Cornish dame-schools when I was a boy. In a book that I have seen, there
+  is a vignette of a monk teaching a little boy to read, and beneath</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i2hg3">"<i>A Christ-Cross Rhyme.</i></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><span class="scac">I.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Christ his cross shall be my speed!</p>
+      <p>Teach me, Father John, to read:</p>
+      <p>That in church, on holy-day,</p>
+      <p>I may chant the psalm and pray.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><span class="scac">II.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Let me learn, that I may know</p>
+      <p>What the shining windows show;</p>
+      <p>Where the lovely Lady stands,</p>
+      <p>With that bright Child in her hands.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><span class="scac">III.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Teach me letters one, two, three,</p>
+      <p>Till that I shall able be</p>
+      <p>Signs to know and words to frame,</p>
+      <p>And to spell sweet Jesu's name!</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><span class="scac">IV.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Then, dear master, will I look</p>
+      <p>Day and night in that fair book,</p>
+      <p>Where the tales of saints are told,</p>
+      <p>With their pictures all in gold.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4"><span class="scac">V.</span></p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Teach me, Father John, to say</p>
+      <p>Vesper-verse and matin-lay;</p>
+      <p>So when I to God shall plead,</p>
+      <p>Christ his cross will be my speed!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. of Morwenstow.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Hoby Family</i> (Vol. viii., p. 244.; Vol. ix., pp. 19.
+  58.).&mdash;Sir Philip Hoby, or Hobbie, who was born in 1505, and died in
+  1558, was not only Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Henry VIII., but,
+  while he held that office, was attached to the embassy of Sir Thomas
+  Wyatt to the Emperor Charles V. in 1538. He was himself ambassador to the
+  same Emperor in 1548, being sent by the Protector Somerset to replace the
+  Bishop of Westminster. It may be interesting to state that two volumes of
+  papers containing instructions and other letters transmitted to Sir
+  Philip during these embassies, and copies of his replies, together with
+  his correspondence with some eminent reformers, were in the possession of
+  Wm. Hare, Esq., M.P. for the city of Cork in 1796. An account of them,
+  drawn up by the Rev. T. D. Hincks, was read before the Royal Irish
+  Academy on December 17 in that year, and printed in the sixth volume of
+  its <i>Transactions</i>. It is probable that these papers had formerly
+  belonged to Rev. Sir Philip Hoby, Bart., who was Dean of Ardfert and
+  Chancellor of St. Patrick's; and died without an heir in 1766. He was
+  descended from Sir Thomas Hoby, younger brother of Sir Philip; who was
+  born in 1530, and died in 1566. The father of these two knights was
+  William Hobbie of Leominster. I presume the two volumes of papers
+  referred to are in the possession of the Earl of Listowel, great-grandson
+  of the gentleman who possessed them in 1796.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H. D. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Anticipatory Use of the Cross</i> (Vol. viii. passim).&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It is strange, yet well authenticated, and has given rise to many
+  theories, that the symbol of the Cross was already known to the Indians
+  before the arrival of Cortez. In the island of Cozumel, near Yucatan,
+  there were several; and in Yucatan itself there was a stone cross. And
+  there an Indian, considered a prophet amongst his countrymen, had
+  declared that a nation bearing the same as a symbol should arrive from a
+  distant country! More extraordinary still was a temple, dedicated to the
+  Holy Cross by the Toltec nation in the city of Cholula. Near Tulansingo
+  there is also a cross engraved on a rock with various characters, which
+  the Indians by tradition ascribe to the Apostle St. Thomas. In Oajaca,
+  also, there existed a cross, which the Indians from time immemorial had
+  been accustomed to consider as a divine symbol. By order of the Bishop
+  Cervantes it was placed in a sumptuous chapel in the cathedral.
+  Information concerning its discovery, together with a small cup, cut out
+  of its wood, was sent to Rome to Paul V.; who received it on his knees,
+  singing the hymn 'Vexilla regis,' &amp;c."&mdash;<i>Life in Mexico</i>,
+  by Madame Calderon de la Barca, Letter xxxvii.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H. A.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Longevity</i> (Vols. vii., viii., <i>passim</i>).&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Amongst the fresh antiquities of Cornwall, let not the old woman be
+  forgotten who died about two years since; who was one hundred and
+  sixty-four years old, of good memory, and healthful at that age; living
+  in the parish of Gwithian by the charity of such as came purposely to see
+  her, speaking to them (in default of English) by an interpreter, yet
+  partly understanding it. She married a second husband after she was
+  eighty, <!-- Page 232 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page232"></a>{232}</span>and buried him after he was eighty years
+  of age."&mdash;Scawens' <i>Dissertation on the Cornish Tongue</i>,
+  written temp. Car. II.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p>
+
+  <p>As very many, if not all, the instances mentioned in "N. &amp; Q." of
+  those who have reached a very advanced age, were people of humble origin,
+  may we not now refer to those of noble birth? To commence the list, I
+  would name Sir Ralph de Vernon, "who is said to have lived to the age of
+  one hundred and fifty, and thence generally was called the Old Liver." My
+  authority is, Burke's <i>Peerage and Baronetage</i>, edit. 1848, p.
+  1009.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Nugget</i>" (Vol. viii., pp. 375. 481.).&mdash;A note from Mundy's
+  <i>Our Antipodes</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The word <i>nugget</i>, among farmers, signifies a small compact
+  beast, a runt: among gold-miners a lump, in contradistinction to the
+  scale or dust-gold."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Clericus Rusticus.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>The fifth Lord Byron</i> (Vol. ix., p. 18.).&mdash;I believe it to
+  be an acknowledged fact, that an old man's memory is generally good of
+  events of years past and gone: and as an octogenarian I am not afraid to
+  state that, from the discussions on the subject, I feel myself perfectly
+  correct as to the main point of my observations (Vol. viii., p. 2.), viz.
+  the error committed in the limitation of the ultimate reversion of the
+  estate; but as to the secondary point to which <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Warden</span> alludes, I may perhaps be in error in placing it on the
+  settlement of the son, inasmuch as the effect would be the same if it
+  occurred in the settlement of the father; and <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Warden's</span> observations leave an inference that the mistake may have
+  there occurred; as, in such case, if the error had been
+  discovered,&mdash;and by any altercation the son had refused to correct
+  the mistake, which he could and ought to have consented to, after the
+  failure of his own issue,&mdash;this alone, between two hasty tempers,
+  would have been sufficient cause of quarrel, without reference to the
+  question of marrying an own cousin, which is often very justly
+  objectionable.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. S. Hesleden.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Wapple, or Whapple-way</i> (Vol. ix., p. 125.).&mdash;This name is
+  common in the south, and means a bridle-way, or road in which carriages
+  cannot pass. In Sussex these ways are usually short cuts through fields
+  and woods, from one road or place to another. (See Halliwell's
+  <i>Dictionary</i>, and Cooper's <i>Sussex Glossary</i>.) The derivation
+  is not given by either writer.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">D.</p>
+
+  <p>In Manning's <i>Surrey</i>, I find not any mention of this term; but
+  apprehend it to be a corruption of the Norman-French, <i>vert plain</i>,
+  "a green road or alley:" which, as our Saxon ancestors pronounced the
+  <i>v</i> as a <i>w</i>, easily slides into <i>war plain</i> or
+  <i>warple</i>. (See Du Cange, <i>Supp.</i>, <i>in voce</i> "Plain.")</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. H.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Ducking-stool</i> (Vol. viii., p.315.).&mdash;As late as the
+  year 1824, a woman was convicted of being a common scold in the Court of
+  Quarter Sessions of Philadelphia County, and sentenced "to be placed in a
+  certain instrument of correction called a cucking or ducking-stool," and
+  plunged three times into the water; but the Supreme Court of
+  Pennsylvania, upon the removal of the case by writ of error, decided that
+  this punishment was obsolete, and contrary to the spirit of the age.</p>
+
+  <p>Our fathers held the ducking-stool in higher respect, as appears from
+  the following presentments of the grand juries of Philadelphia, the
+  originals of which have been lately discovered. In January, 1717, they
+  say (through William Fishbourne, their foreman),&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Whereas it has been frequently and often presented by several former
+  grand juries for this city, the necessity of a ducking-stool and house of
+  correction for the just punishment of scolding, drunken women, as well as
+  divers other profligate and unruly persons in this place, who are become
+  a public nuisance and disturbance to this town in general; therefore we,
+  the present grand jury, do earnestly again present the same to this court
+  of quarter sessions for the city, desiring their immediate care, that
+  <i>those publick conveniences</i> may not be any longer delayed, but with
+  all possible speed provided for the detection and quieting such
+  disorderly persons."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Another, the date of which is not given, but which is signed by the
+  same foreman, presents "Alsoe that a ducking-stoole be made for publick
+  use, being very much wanting for scolding women," &amp;c. And in 1720,
+  another grand jury, of which Benjamin Duffield was foreman, say:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Grand Inquest, we taking in consideration the great disorders of
+  the turbulent and ill-behaviour of many people in this city, we present
+  the great necessity of a ducking-stool for such people according to their
+  deserts."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Double Christian Names</i> (Vol. ix., p. 45.).&mdash;It is surely
+  not correct to say that the earliest instance of two Christian names is
+  in the case of a person born in 1635. Surely Henry, Prince of Wales, the
+  son of James I., is an earlier instance. Sir Thomas Strand Fairfax was
+  certainly born before that date. Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey was probably an
+  earlier instance; and Sir Robert Bruce Colton, the antiquary, certainly
+  so. Writing at a distance from my books, I can only appeal to memory; but
+  see Southey's <i>Common-Place Book</i>, vol. i. p. 510. Venables, in his
+  <i>Travels in Russia</i>, <!-- Page 233 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page233"></a>{233}</span>tells us that "a Russian has never more
+  than one Christian name, which must be always that of a saint." To these
+  a patronymic is often added of the father's name, with the addition
+  <i>vich</i>, as in the case of the present Czar, Nicholas Paulovich, the
+  son of Paul.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Denton.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Torquay.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Pedigree to the Time of Alfred</i> (Vol. viii., p.
+  586.).&mdash;Some ten or twelve years since I was staying at the King's
+  Head Inn, Egham, Surrey (now defunct), when a fresh-looking, respectable
+  man was pointed out to one as Mr. Wapshot, who had held an estate in the
+  neighbourhood from his ancestors prior to the Conquest. He was not
+  represented as a blacksmith, but as farming his own estate. I am not
+  connected with Egham or the neighbourhood, or I would make farther
+  inquiry.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Palace of Lucifer</i> (Vol. v., p. 275.).&mdash;If R. T. has not
+  observed it, I would refer him to the note in the Aldine edition of
+  Milton, vol. iii. p. 263., where I find "Luciferi domus" is the palace of
+  the sun (see <i>Prolusiones</i>, p. 120.); and not, as <span
+  class="sc">T. Warton</span> conjectured, the abode of Satan.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">I. R. R.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Monaldeschi</i> (Vol. viii., p. 34.).&mdash;<i>Relation du Meurte
+  de Monaldeschi, poignardé par ordre de Christine, reine de Suède</i>, by
+  Father de Bel, is to be found in a collection of curious papers printed
+  at Cologne, 1664, in 12mo. It is given at length in <i>Cristina's
+  Revenge, and other Poems</i>, by J. M. Moffatt, London, printed for the
+  author, 1821.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Anna Lightfoot</i> (Vol. vii., p. 595.).&mdash;T. H. H. is referred
+  to an elegantly printed pamphlet called <i>An Historical Fragment
+  relative to her late Majesty Queen Caroline</i>, printed for J. &amp; N.
+  L. Hunt, London, 1824, which, from p. 44. to p. 50., contains a very
+  circumstantial account of this extraordinary occurrence.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. D.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Lode</i> (Vol. v., p. 345.).&mdash;It would not appear that this
+  word means "an artificial watercourse," at least from its use at
+  Tewkesbury, where there is still the <i>Lower Lode</i>, at which a ferry
+  over the Severn still exists; and there was also the <i>Upper Lode</i>,
+  until a bridge was erected over the river at that place. Will this help
+  to show its proper meaning?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">I. R. R.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>To try and get</i>" (Vol. ix., p. 76.).&mdash;<span
+  class="sc">Uneda</span> inquires the origin of this erroneous mode of
+  expression? Doubtless euphony, to avoid the alliteration of so many T's:
+  "<i>t</i>o <i>t</i>he <i>t</i>heatre <i>t</i>o <i>t</i>ry and get,"
+  &amp;c. But evidently the word <i>to</i> is understood, though not
+  supplied after the word <i>and</i>. Thus, "to try and (to) get,"
+  &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Celcrena.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Abbott Families</i> (Vol. ix. p. 105.).&mdash;In reply to <span
+  class="sc">Mr. Abbott's</span> Query, I have a pedigree of Samuel Abbott,
+  born in 1637 or 1638; second son of Wm. Abbott of Sudbury, who was born
+  1603, and who was son to Charles Abbott of Hawkden and Sudbury, an
+  alderman, which Charles was son to Wm. Abbott of Hawkden. This Samuel
+  married Margaret, daughter to Thomas Spicer. Should <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Abbott</span> wish it, I would forward him a copy of the pedigree. I can
+  trace no connexion between this family and that of Archbishop Abbott,
+  whose father, Maurice Abbott of Guildford, was son of &mdash;&mdash;
+  Abbott of Farnham, co. Surrey.</p>
+
+  <p>I wish especially to know what became of Thomas Abbott, only son of
+  Robert, Bishop of Sarum; which Thomas dedicated his father's treatise
+  against Bellarmine in 1619 to his uncle the Archbishop, calling himself
+  in the preface, "imbellis homuncio." His sister was wife to Sir Nathaniel
+  Brent, whose younger son Nathaniel left all his property to his cousin
+  Maurice Abbott, of St. Andrew's, Holborn, Gent., in 1688; which Maurice
+  was possibly son to Thomas.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. E. Adams.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">36. Lincoln's Inn Fields.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Mairdil</i>" (Vol. viii., p. 411.).&mdash;Is there any affinity
+  between the word <i>mairdil</i>, which is used in Forfarshire, to be
+  overcome with fatigue for any oppressive or intricate piece of work, and
+  the word <i>mardel</i> or <i>mardle</i>, which signifies to gossip in
+  Norfolk, as stated by <span class="sc">Mr. J. L. Sisson</span>? What will
+  H. C. K. say to this subject? Jamieson confines <i>mairdil</i> to an
+  adjective, signifying unwieldy; but I have often heard work-people in
+  Forfarshire declare they were "perfectly <i>mairdiled</i>" with a piece
+  of heavy work, using the word as a passive verb. <i>Trachled</i> has
+  nearly the same meaning, but it is chiefly confined to describe fatigue
+  arising from walking a long distance.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Stephens.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Bell at Rouen</i> (Vol. viii., p. 448.).&mdash;Your valuable
+  correspondent <span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson</span>, B.A., has
+  probably taken his account of the great bell in the cathedral at Rouen
+  from a note made before the French Revolution of 1792-3, because the
+  George d'Ambois, which was once considered the largest bell in Europe (it
+  was thirteen feet high, and eleven feet in diameter), excepting that at
+  Moscow, shared the destructive fate of many others at that eventful
+  period, and was melted down for cannon. In 1814 the bulb of its clapper
+  was outside the door of a blacksmith's shop, as you go out of the city
+  towards Dieppe. It was pointed out to me by a friend with whom I was then
+  travelling&mdash;a gentleman of the neighbourhood, who was at Rouen at
+  the time it was brought there&mdash;and there, if I mistake not, but I
+  cannot find my note, I saw it again within the last ten years.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Ellacombe.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Rectory, Clyst St. George.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 234 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page234"></a>{234}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Smiths and Robinsons</i> (Vol. ix., p. 148.).&mdash;Arms of Smith
+  of Curdley, co. Lancaster: Argent, a cheveron sable between three roses
+  gules, barbed, vert seeded, or.</p>
+
+  <p>Robinson (of Yorkshire): Vert, a cheveron between three roebucks
+  trippant or. Crest, a roebuck as in the arms. Motto, "Virtute non
+  verbis."</p>
+
+  <p>Robinson of Yorkshire, as borne by Lord Rokeby: Vert, on a cheveron
+  or, between three bucks trippant of the last, as many quatrefoils gules.
+  Crest, a roebuck trippant or.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cid.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Churchill's Grave</i> (Vol. ix., p. 123.).&mdash;If I am not
+  mistaken, there is a tablet to the memory of Churchill, with a more
+  lengthy inscription, within the church of St. Mary, Dover, towards the
+  western end of the south aisle.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Sparrow Simpson.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3>
+
+  <p>Before proceeding to notice any of the books which we have received
+  this week, we will call the attention of the publishing world to two
+  important works which we know to be now wanting a publisher, namely, I.
+  <i>A Syriac-English Lexicon to the New Testament and Book of Psalms</i>,
+  arranged alphabetically, with the derivatives referred to their proper
+  roots, and a companion of the principal words in the cognate languages;
+  and II. <i>A Syriac-English Grammar</i>, translated and abridged from
+  Hoffman's larger work.</p>
+
+  <p>Samuel Pepys is the dearest old gossip that ever lived; and every new
+  edition of his incomparable Diary will serve but to increase his
+  reputation as the especial chronicler of his age. Every page of it
+  abounds not only in curious indications of the tone and feelings of the
+  times, and the character of the writer, but also in most graphic
+  illustrations of the social condition of the country. It is this that
+  renders it a work which calls for much careful editing and illustrative
+  annotation, and consequently gives to every succeeding edition new value.
+  Well pleased are we, therefore, to receive from Lord Braybrooke a fourth
+  edition, revised and corrected, of the <i>Diary and Correspondence of
+  Samuel Pepys</i>. and well pleased to offer our testimony to the great
+  care with which its noble editor has executed his duties. Thanks to his
+  good judgment, and to the great assistance which he acknowledges to have
+  received from Messrs. Holmes, Peter Cunningham, Yeowell, &amp;c., his
+  fourth edition is by far the best which has yet appeared, and is the one
+  which must hereafter be referred to as the standard one. The Index, too,
+  has been revised and enlarged, which adds no little to the value of the
+  book.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Murray has broken fresh ground in his <i>British Classics</i> by
+  the publication of the first volume of Gibbon's <i>Decline and Fall of
+  the Roman Empire, with Notes and Preface by Dean Milman and M.
+  Guizot</i>, and edited, with Notes, by Dr. Smith. If the publisher showed
+  good tact in selecting Mr. P. Cunningham for editor of <i>Goldsmith</i>,
+  he has shown no less in entrusting the editing of his new Gibbon to Dr.
+  Smith, whose various Dictionaries point him out as peculiarly fitted for
+  such a task. In such well practised hands, therefore, there can be little
+  doubt as to the mode in which the labour of editing will be conducted;
+  and a very slight glance at the getting up of this first volume will
+  serve to prove that, for a library edition of Gibbon, while this is the
+  cheapest it will be also the handsomest ever offered to the public.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>&mdash;Macaulay's <i>Critical
+  and Historical Essays, People's Edition</i>, Part I. The first issue of
+  an edition of these admirable Essays, which will, when completed, cost
+  only Seven Shillings! Can cheapness go much lower?&mdash;<i>Adventures in
+  the Wilds of North America</i>, by Charles Lanman, <i>edited</i> by C. R.
+  Wild, forming Parts LV. and LVI. of Longman's <i>Traveller's Library</i>.
+  These adventures, partly piscatorial, are of sufficient interest to
+  justify their publication even without the <i>imprimatur</i>, which they
+  have received, of so good a critic as Washington Irving.&mdash;Darling's
+  <i>Cyclopædia Bibliographica</i>, Part XVII., extends from Andrew Rivet
+  to William Shepheard.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">London Labour and London Poor.</span> Nos. XLIV. and
+  LXIV. to End of Work.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Mrs. Gore's Banker's Wife.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Tales by a Barrister.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Schiller's Wallenstein</span>, translated by
+  Coleridge. Smith's Classical Library.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Goethe's Faust</span> (English). Smith's Classical
+  Library.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Circle of the Seasons.</span> London, 1828.
+  12mo.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Particulars of Price, &amp;c. of the following Books to be sent direct
+  to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses
+  are given for that purpose:</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A Memoir of the Life of James Stanley</span>, Seventh
+  Earl of Derby, by W. H. Whatton, Esq. Published by Fisher, Newgate
+  Street.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">History of the Westminster Election.</span> London,
+  1794. 1 Vol. 4to.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>G. Cornewall Lewis</i>, Kent House, Knightsbridge.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A Map, Plan, and Representations</span> of
+  Interesting and Remarkable places connected with <span class="sc">Ancient
+  London</span> (large size).</p>
+
+  <p>A Copy of an early number of "The Times" Newspaper, or of the "Morning
+  Chronicle," "Morning Post," or "Morning Herald." The nearer the
+  commencement preferred.</p>
+
+  <p>Copies or Facsimiles of other Old Newspapers.</p>
+
+  <p>A Copy of <span class="sc">The Breeches</span> or other Old Bible.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Mr. Joseph Simpson</i>, Librarian, Literary and Scientific Institution, Islington, London.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Percy Society's Publications.</span> Nos. XCIII. and
+  XCIV.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>G. J. Hargreaves</i>, Stretford, near Manchester.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Cambridge Installation Ode</span>, 1835, by Chr.
+  Wordsworth. 4to. Edition.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Kitchener's Economy of the Eyes.</span> Part II.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Brown's Anecdotes of Dogs.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">&mdash;&mdash; &mdash;&mdash; &mdash;&mdash; of
+  Animals.</span></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Fred. Dinsdale</i>, Esq., Leamington.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<p><!-- Page 235 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page235"></a>{235}</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Enquiry after Happiness.</span> The Third Part. By
+  Richard Lucas, D.D. Sixth Edition. 1734.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. John James</i>, Avington Rectory, Hungerford.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3>
+
+  <p>M. "Scarborough Warning."&mdash;<i>This expression has been fully
+  explained in our</i> First Volume, p. 138.</p>
+
+  <p>J. C. B., <i>who writes respecting</i> The Gregorian Tones, <i>is
+  referred to our</i> Sixth Volume, pp. 99. 178., <i>and our</i> Seventh
+  Volume, p. 136.</p>
+
+  <p>R. N. (Liverpool). <i>There are many letters of Charles I. among the
+  MSS. in the British Museum. We do not know where the Cabinet taken at
+  Naseby is preserved.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Oxon.</span> Entire, <i>as applied to beer, signifies
+  that it is drawn entirely from one butt. Formerly the favourite beer was
+  a mixture of ale or beer and twopenny, until a brewer named Harwood
+  produced a beer with the same flavour, which he called</i> entire
+  <i>or</i> entire butt.</p>
+
+  <p>G. W. T. <i>Old Rowley was the name of a celebrated stallion belonging
+  to Charles II.</i></p>
+
+  <p>C. H. N., <i>who writes respecting</i> Royal Arms in Churches, <i>is
+  referred to our</i> Sixth Volume passim.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Tom Tell-tale</span> <i>is thanked. We are in
+  possession of information respecting the drawings in question; but shall
+  be glad to know of any other purchasers.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Caveat Emptor.</span> <i>We have lately seen a
+  curious pseudo-letter of Cromwell, the history of which we may perhaps
+  lay before our readers.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Francis Beaufort.</span> <i>The copy of the</i>
+  Biblia Sacra Latina <i>to which our Correspondent refers, is now in the
+  possession of Mr. Brown, bookseller, 130. Old Street</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>J. O. <i>We have forwarded the book you so kindly sent to the
+  gentleman for whom you intended it.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Comus</span> <i>may have a copy of the</i> Epitome of
+  Locke <i>on applying to Mr. Olive Lasbury, bookseller, Bristol</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Hugh Henderson</span> (Glasgow). <i>The fault must be
+  in the quality of your pyrogallic. You need have no difficulty in
+  obtaining it pure of some of the photographic chemists, and whose
+  advertisements appear in our columns.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A. F. G. (March 1st.). <i>All papers for photographic purposes improve
+  by keeping. When you have thoroughly satisfied yourself of the goodness
+  of a sample, secure all you can; it will repay you well by time. Consult
+  our advertising columns for your market, which we prefer not to
+  indicate.</i></p>
+
+  <p><i>Errata.</i>&mdash;Vol. ix., p. 75., col. 1. 9th line, for
+  "previous" read "precious"; p. 136., col. 1. line 3, for "carre" read
+  "cane;" p. 200., col. 1. 12th line from bottom, for "Richard I." read
+  "Henry I."</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Our Eighth Volume</span> <i>is now bound and ready
+  for delivery, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, cloth, boards. A few sets of
+  the whole Eight Volumes are being made up, price 4<i>l.</i>
+  4<i>s.</i>&mdash;For these early application is desirable.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that
+  night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the
+  Saturday</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS.&mdash;A retired Clergyman having been restored
+  to health in a few days, after many years of great nervous suffering, is
+  anxious to make known to others the MEANS of a CURE; will therefore send
+  free, on receiving a stamped envelope, properly addressed, a copy of the
+  prescription used.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Direct the REV. E. DOUGLASS, 18. Holland
+Street, Brixton, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.&mdash;D'ALMAINE &amp; CO., 20. Soho
+  Square (established <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1785), sole
+  manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25 Guineas each. Every
+  instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes are
+  best described in the following professional testimonial, signed by the
+  majority of the leading musicians of the age:&mdash;"We, the undersigned
+  members of the musical profession, having carefully examined the Royal
+  Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE &amp; CO., have great
+  pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It
+  appears to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size
+  possessing a richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal
+  temperament, while the elegance of their construction renders them a
+  handsome ornament for the library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J.
+  L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp,
+  P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover,
+  Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Hassé, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W.
+  H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A.
+  Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H. Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John
+  Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar, K. F. Rimbault, Frank
+  Romer, G. H. Rodwell, R. Roekel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H.
+  Westrop, T. H. Wright," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">D'ALMAINE &amp; CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
+and Designs Gratis.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>HEAL &amp; SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by
+  post. It contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different
+  Bedsteads, in iron, brass, japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany,
+  rosewood, and walnut-tree woods; also of every description of Bedding,
+  Blankets, and Quilts.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">HEAL &amp; SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers,
+196. Tottenham Court Road.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.</p>
+
+  <p>THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and
+  Continental Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free
+  Admission.</p>
+
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="Prices." title="Prices.">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>£ &nbsp;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><i>s.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><i>d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent Process</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Additional Copies (each)</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>A Coloured Portrait, highly finished (small size)</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>A Coloured Portrait, highly finished (larger size)</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings,
+  Photographed and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country
+  Mansions, Churches, &amp;c., taken at a short notice.</p>
+
+  <p>Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+  Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.</p>
+
+  <p>Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of
+  Apparatus.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,<br />
+168. New Bond Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ARUNDEL SOCIETY.&mdash;The Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3),
+  consisting of Eight Wood Engravings by MESSRS. DALZIEL, from Mr. W.
+  Oliver Williams' Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos at PADUA, is now ready:
+  and Members who have not paid their Subscriptions are requested to
+  forward them to the Treasurer by Post-Office Order, payable at the
+  Charing Cross Office.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4">JOHN J. ROGERS,</p>
+      <p class="i6">Treasurer and Hon. Sec.</p>
+      <p>13. &amp; 14. Pall Mall East.</p>
+      <p class="i2">March, 1854.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PEOPLE'S EDITION of the ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the
+  Invasion of Julius Cæsar to the Accession of Queen Victoria. By HUME,
+  SMOLLETT, and HUGHES. With Copious Notes, the Author's last Corrections,
+  Improvements, and Enlargement. Also Historical Illustrations, Autographs,
+  and Portraits. To be published in crown 8vo., Weekly, in Seventy-two
+  Parts, at One Shilling each: and in Monthly Volumes, price Four
+  Shillings, bound in cloth.</p>
+
+  <p>The Publication will commence on the 3rd of April, and be continued
+  regularly until the Work is completed.</p>
+
+  <p>In accordance with the universal desire of obtaining the best books at
+  the cheapest possible price, the Historical Works of HUME, SMOLLETT, and
+  HUGHES, are now submitted to the public: it being the object of the
+  Publisher to place within the reach of all classes of readers, in a
+  succession of weekly parts and monthly volumes, a more complete HISTORY
+  OF ENGLAND than any extant.</p>
+
+  <p>The eventful period in the annals of Britain which has elapsed since
+  the age of Smollett, whose volumes close with the reign of George the
+  Second, demands a faithful and impartial record; and this portion of our
+  National History, continued by the REV. T. S. HUGHES, late Christian
+  Advocate at Cambridge, will be printed from the corrected text of the
+  third octavo edition, which was almost entirely rewritten.</p>
+
+  <p>The additional volumes, containing a narrative of important events,
+  commence with the accession of George the Third, and will be continued to
+  the accession of Queen Victoria.</p>
+
+  <p>The Work will be completed in eighteen volumes, and embellished with
+  numerous Engravings on Steel, entirely re-engraved for this Edition,
+  comprising a selection of historical illustrations from Bowyer's History
+  of England, and from paintings by the most eminent masters, with
+  portraits of all the sovereigns from the Norman Conquest, according to
+  the costume of the different ages, and authentic facsimiles of their
+  autographs.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">SURPLICES.</p>
+
+  <p>GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire, has prepared his usual large
+  Supply of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of EASTER.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway
+Stations.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 236 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page236"></a>{236}</span></p>
+
+  <p>COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and
+  certainty by using BLAND &amp; LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton;
+  certainty and uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined
+  with the most faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
+  most valuable agent in the hands of the photographer.</p>
+
+  <p>Albumenised paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving
+  a minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5<i>s.</i> per
+  Quire.</p>
+
+  <p>Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.</p>
+
+  <p>Instruction in the Processes.</p>
+
+  <p>BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and
+  Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">*** Catalogues sent on application.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every
+  variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually
+  prevents Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and
+  is extensively employed by</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
+Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.&mdash;OTTEWILL &amp; MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24.
+  &amp; 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. OTTEWILL'S
+  Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
+  Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the
+  Photographic Institution, Bond Street: and at the Manufactory as above,
+  where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
+  Trade supplied.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+  Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+  according to light.</p>
+
+  <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+  choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+  Establishment.</p>
+
+  <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used
+  in this beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.&mdash;J. B. HOCKIN &amp; CO., Chemists, 189.
+  Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a
+  Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of
+  Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the
+  keeping properties and appreciation of half-tint for which their
+  manufacture has been esteemed.</p>
+
+  <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice
+  of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p>
+
+  <p>THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price
+  1<i>s.</i>, per Post. 1<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description
+  of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+  Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+  other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post
+  on receipt of Two Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+  Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+  Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best
+  articles of the kind ever produced.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">J. W. &amp; T. ALLEN, 15. &amp; 22. West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF SAFES AND LOCKS.&mdash;These safes are the most
+  secure from force, fraud, and fire. Chubb's locks, with all the recent
+  improvements, cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Complete lists, with
+  prices, will be sent on application.</p>
+
+  <p>CHUBB &amp; SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street,
+  Liverpool; 16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields,
+  Wolverhampton.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE
+by MODERATE PREMIUMS.</p>
+
+  <p>The SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT of the SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION (the
+  only Society in which the advantages of Mutual Assurance can be secured
+  by Moderate Premiums) is now Published, and may be had free, on
+  application.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">THE RESULTS OF BUSINESS EFFECTED
+IN 1853 ARE:&mdash;</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="Results of Business." title="Results of Business.">
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> 1. </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> Number of proposals accepted </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> 716</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> 2. </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> Amount of new assurances exclusive of annuities </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> £309,393 &nbsp; 0 &nbsp; 0</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> 3. </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> Amount of annual premiums on new assurances </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> £8,038 12 &nbsp; 5</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> 4. </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> Amount of single payments on ditto </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> 10,729 &nbsp; 2 &nbsp; 8</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash; New premiums received during the year </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> £18,767 15 &nbsp; 1</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> 5. </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> Amount of claims by death during the year </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> £23,526 &nbsp; 5&nbsp; 0</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> 6. </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> Addition to realised fund, arising entirely from accumulated<br />
+premiums during the year </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> £50,459 &nbsp; 0 &nbsp; 0</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:top;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> &mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;</td></tr>
+
+</table>
+
+<p class="cenhead">BIENNIAL PROGRESS OF BUSINESS
+DURING THE LAST TEN YEARS.</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="Progress of Business." title="Progress of Business.">
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"> In Years.
+</td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"> Number<br />of New<br />Policies.
+</td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"> Amount of<br />New<br />Assurances
+</td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"> Accumulated<br />Fund at End<br />of Period.</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> £ </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> £</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left;"> 1844-45 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> &nbsp; 658 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> 281,082 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> &nbsp; 69,009</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left;"> 1846-47 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> &nbsp; 888 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> 404,734 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> &nbsp; 95,705</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left;"> 1848-49 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> &nbsp; 907 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> 410,933 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> 131,406</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:left;"> 1850-51 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> 1378 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> 535,137 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; border-left: 1px solid black;"> 207,803</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"> 1852-53 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"> 1269 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"> 587,118 </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:bottom; border-left: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 1px solid black;"> 305,134</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="cenhead">MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.</p>
+
+  <p>THE SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION combines the advantage of
+  Participation in the whole Profits with moderate Premiums.</p>
+
+  <p>The premiums are as low as those of the non-participating scale of the
+  proprietary companies. They admit of being so not only with safety, but
+  with ample reversion of profits to the policy-holders, being free from
+  the burden of payment of dividend to shareholders.</p>
+
+  <p>At the first division of surplus in the present year, bonus additions
+  were made to policies which had come within the participating class,
+  varying from 20 to 54 per cent. on their amount.</p>
+
+  <p>In all points of practice&mdash;as in the provision for the
+  indefeasibility of policies, facility of licence for travelling or
+  residence abroad, and of obtaining advances on the value of the
+  policies&mdash;the regulations of the Society, as well as the
+  administration, are as liberal as is consistent with right principle.</p>
+
+  <p>Policies now issued free of stamp duty.</p>
+
+  <p>Copies of the last annual report, containing full explanations of the
+  principles, may be had on application to the Head Office in Edinburgh; of
+  the Society's Provincial Agent: or of the Resident Secretary, London
+  Branch.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>JAMES WATSON, Manager.</p>
+      <p>GEORGE GRANT, Resident Secretary.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.</p>
+
+  <p>The London Branch will be removed on 25th March to the Society's New
+  Premises, 66. Gracechurch Street, corner of Fenchurch Street, City.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the
+  possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his
+  Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen
+  engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to
+  undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum,
+  Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch
+  of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which
+  he has had considerable experience.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
+HATCHAM, SURREY.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class
+  X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+  Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
+  London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+  Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+  10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+  Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold. 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+  Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+  skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+  2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
+  the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE
+AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i></p>
+
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br />
+      T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.<br />
+      G. H. Drew, Esq.<br />
+      W. Evans, Esq.<br />
+      W. Freeman, Esq.<br />
+      F. Fuller, Esq.<br />
+      J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>T. Grissell, Esq.<br />
+      &nbsp; J. Hunt, Esq.<br />
+      &nbsp; J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br />
+      &nbsp; E. Lucas, Esq.<br />
+      &nbsp; J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br />
+      &nbsp; J. B. White, Esq.<br />
+      &nbsp; J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Trustees.</i>&mdash;W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.<br />
+<i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br />
+<i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+  difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+  to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+  in the Prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+<table width="35%" class="nobctr" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates">
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 17</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">14</td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">4</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 32</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">10</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 22</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">8</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 37</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 27</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">4</td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">5</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 42</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">3</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<p class="cenhead">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material
+  additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON
+  BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
+  Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
+  Companies, &amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
+  Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+  Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10.
+  Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
+  Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+  published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet
+  Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
+  Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, March 11,
+  1854.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 228, March
+11, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAR 11, 1854 ***
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+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 228, March 11, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 228, March 11, 1854
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: May 24, 2010 [EBook #32506]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAR 11, 1854 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian
+Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{213}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 228.]
+SATURDAY, MARCH 11. 1854.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+                                                              Page
+
+  Where are the Wills to be deposited?                         215
+
+  NOTES:--
+
+  "J. R. of Cork"                                              217
+
+  Marmortinto, or Sand-painting                                217
+
+  The Soldier's Discipline, from a Broadside
+  of the Year 1642                                             218
+
+  Leading Articles of Foreign Newspapers                       218
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Materials for a History of Druidism--Domestic
+  Chapels--Ordinary--Thom's Irish Almanac and Official
+  Directory for 1854--Antiquity of the Word "Snub"--Charles
+  I. at Little Woolford--Coincidence between Sir Thomas
+  Browne and Bishop Ken--The English School of Painting--"A
+  Feather in your Cap"                                         219
+
+  QUERIES:--
+
+  Domestic Architecture: Licences to
+  Crenellate, by J. H. Parker                                  220
+
+  Dixon of Beeston, by R. W. Dixon, J.P.                       221
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Atherstone Family--Classic Authors and the
+  Jews--Bishop Hooper's Argument on the Vestment Controversy
+  --The Title of "Dominus"--The De Rous Family--Where was
+  the Fee of S. Sanxon?--Russian Emperors--Episcopal Insignia
+  of the Eastern Church--Amontillado Sherry--Col. Michael
+  Smith's Family--Pronunciation of Foreign Names--Artesian
+  Wells--Norman Towers in London--Papyrus--Mathew, a Cornish
+  Family                                                       221
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Bunyan's Descendants--Epigram
+  on Dennis--Football played on Shrove Tuesday--Vossioner,
+  its Meaning--The Game of Chess--A Juniper Letter             223
+
+  REPLIES:--
+
+  Clarence                                                     224
+
+  Milton's Widow, by T. Hughes                                 225
+
+  Three Fleurs-de-Lys                                          225
+
+  Books burned by the Common Hangman, by C. H. Cooper, &c.     226
+
+  Different Productions of different Carcases                  227
+
+  Vandyke in America, by J. Balch                              228
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Cyanide of Potassium--Mode
+  of exciting Calotype Paper--The Double Iodide Solution:
+  Purity of Photographic Chemicals--Hyposulphite of Soda
+  Baths                                                        230
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Daughters taking their Mothers'
+  Names--The Young Pretender--A Legend of the Hive--Hoby
+  Family--Anticipatory Use of the Cross--Longevity--"Nugget"
+  --The fifth Lord Byron--Wapple, or Whapple-way--The
+  Ducking-stool--Double Christian Names--Pedigree to the
+  Time of Alfred--Palace of Lucifer--Monaldeschi--Anna
+  Lightfoot--Lode, &c.                                         230
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                          234
+
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 234
+
+  Notices to Correspondents                                    235
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses
+of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.
+
+Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ECLECTIC REVIEW for MARCH, price 1s. 6d., contains:
+
+  1. D'Israeli.--A Literary and Political Biography.
+  2. The Theory of Food.
+  3. The Autobiography of a Dissenting Minister.
+  4. Lord Holland's History of the Whig Party.
+  5. Sanitary Farming.
+  6. St. John's Search of Beauty.
+  7. Christianity, and its Modern Assailants.
+  8. The Caucasus, and the Country between the Euxine and the Caspian.
+      Review of the Month, &c.
+
+THE HOMILIST for MARCH, price 1s., contains:
+
+  1. The Master Impulse of True Progress.
+  2. Hinderance to Prayer. By Rev. David Cook, Dundee.
+  3. The Terrible Hypothesis; or the Irrevocable Fate.
+  4. Saul; or, Humanity Consciously Deserted of God.
+  5. The Widow's Mite; or the Transcendent Worth of True Feeling.
+  6. The Burial of Christ; a Display of Three-fold Power.
+  7. Psalm 47,--the Moral Mirror of the Good.
+  8. The Genius of the Gospel.
+      Reviews, &c.
+
+WARD & CO., 27. Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Valuable LITURGICAL WORKS.
+
+LITURGIES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH.--Liturgical Services, 1558-1601; being the
+Liturgies and occasional Forms of Prayer set forth in the reign of Queen
+Elizabeth. Now first collected and edited, with Preface and Notes, by WM.
+KEATINGE CLAY, B.D., Canon of Ely. One handsome volume, 8vo., containing
+695 pp. beautifully printed at the Cambridge University Press. Cloth extra,
+price 5s.
+
+Also,
+
+PRIVATE PRAYERS put forth by Authority during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.
+Including the Primer of 1559; the Orarium of 1560; the Preces Privatae,
+1564; the Book of Christian Prayers of 1578; with an Appendix containing
+the Litany of 1544. Now first collected and edited, with Preface and Notes,
+by WM. KEATINGE CLAY, B.D., Canon of Ely. One handsome volume, 8vo.,
+containing 576 pp., beautifully printed at the Cambridge University Press.
+Cloth extra. Price 5s.
+
+London: WILLIAM BROWN, 130, 131, and 132. Old Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BURKE'S PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE for 1854. THE REVISED AND IMPROVED EDITION
+OF THE PEERAGE AND BARONETAGE for 1854.
+
+By SIR J. BERNARD BURKE, Ulster King of Arms,
+
+Is NOW READY AT ALL THE BOOKSELLERS.
+
+Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. Great
+Marlborough Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
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+JOURNAL OF SACRED LITERATURE. Edited by JOHN KITTO, D.D., F.S.A. In 7 vols.
+8vo., cloth, lettered, comprising some hundreds of original criticisms and
+papers, and Notes and Queries bearing on biblical subjects. Offered till
+the 30th of April, unless all sold previously, for 2l. 2s.
+
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+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{214}
+
+HISTORICAL WORKS PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS.
+
+THE HISTORY OF EUROPE from 1815 to 1852. By SIR ARCHIBALD ALISON, BART.
+
+To be completed in Five Volumes 8vo., price 15s. each.
+
+          CONTENTS OF VOLUME I.
+
+  Chap. 1. General Sketch of the whole Period.
+
+        2. History of England: 1815-16.
+
+        3. History of France from the Second Restoration of Louis XVIII. to
+            the Ordinance of Sept. 1816.
+
+        4. Domestic History of England: 1817-19.
+
+        5. Progress of Literature, Science, the Arts, &c., after the War.
+
+        6. France from the Coup d'Etat of Sept. 1816 to the Creation of
+            Peers in 1819.
+
+        CONTENTS OF VOLUME II.
+
+  Chap. 7. Spain and Italy: 1814-20.
+
+        8. Russia and Poland 1815-25.
+
+        9. Royalist Reaction in France: 1819-21.
+
+        10. Domestic History of England: 1819-22.
+
+        11. England, France, and Spain, from the Accession of Villele in
+            1819 to the Congress of Verona in 1822.
+
+        12. Congress of Verona--French Invasion of Spain--Death of Louis
+            XVIII.
+
+(Volume III. will be published in the Spring.)
+
+ALISON'S HISTORY OF EUROPE during the FRENCH REVOLUTION. Library Edition,
+in Fourteen Volumes 8vo., with Portraits, price 10l. 10s.
+
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+
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+
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+Sea Fights, with a Vocabulary of Military and Marine Terms, to illustrate
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+3s.; in crown 4to., price 2l. 12s. 6d.
+
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+
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+7s. 6d. bound.
+
+GREECE UNDER THE ROMANS: a Historical View of the Greek Nation, from the
+Time of its Conquest by the Romans until the Extinction of the Roman
+Empire, B.C. 146, to A.D. 717. By GEORGE FINLAY, Esq. 8vo., 16s.
+
+By the same Author,
+
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+
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+the Turks, and of the Empire of Trebizond, 1204-1461. 8vo., 12s. 6d.
+
+By the Author of "Cyril Thornton."
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+edited by F. Hardman, Esq. 8vo., 16s. Atlas of Maps to Illustrate the
+Campaigns, 12s.
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+REGAL SUCCESSION of GREAT BRITAIN. By AGNES STRICKLAND. With Portraits and
+Historical Vignettes. In Six Vols. post 8vo., 10s. 6d. each. Four Volumes
+are published.
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+HISTORY OF THE FRENCH PROTESTANT REFUGEES, FROM THE REVOCATION OF THE EDICT
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+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{215}
+
+WHERE ARE THE WILLS TO BE DEPOSITED?
+
+The difficulties thrown in the way of all literary and historical
+inquiries, by the peculiar constitution of the Prerogative Office, Doctors'
+Commons, have long been a subject of just complaint. An attempt was made by
+THE CAMDEN SOCIETY, in 1848, to procure their removal, by a Memorial
+addressed to the Archbishop of Canterbury, which we now print, because it
+sets forth, plainly and distinctly, the nature and extent of those
+difficulties.
+
+    "To the Most Rev. and the Right Hon. The Lord Archbishop of Canterbury.
+
+    "The humble Memorial of the President and Council of the Camden
+    Society, respectfully showeth,
+
+    "That the Camden Society was instituted in the year 1838, for the
+    publication of early historical and literary remains.
+
+    "It has the honour to be patronised by H.R.H. the Prince Albert; and
+    has supported, from its institution, by the countenance and
+    subscription of your Grace's predecessor in the See of Canterbury.
+
+    "The Society has published forty volumes of works relating to English
+    History, and continues to be actively engaged in researches connected
+    with the same important branch of literature.
+
+    "In the course of its proceedings, the Society has had brought under
+    its notice the manner in which the regulations of the Prerogative
+    Office in Doctors' Commons interfere with the accuracy and completeness
+    of works in the preparation of which the Council is now engaged, and
+    with the pursuits and labours of all other historical inquirers; and
+    they beg leave respectfully to submit to your Grace the results of
+    certain investigations which they have made upon the subject.
+
+    "Besides the original wills deposited in the Office of the Prerogative
+    Court, there is kept in the same repository a long series of register
+    books, containing copies of wills entered chronologically from A.D.
+    1383 to the present time. These registers or books of entry fall
+    practically into two different divisions or classes. The earlier and
+    the latter books contain information suited to the wants of totally
+    different kinds of persons, and applicable to entirely different
+    purposes. Their custody is also of very different importance to the
+    office. The class which is first both in number of books and in
+    importance contains entries of modern wills. These are daily consulted
+    by relatives of testators, by claimants and solicitors, principally for
+    legal purposes, and yield a large revenue to the office in fees paid
+    for searches, inspections, and copies. The second class, which
+    comprises a comparatively small number of volumes, contains entries of
+    ancient wills, dated before the period during which wills are now
+    useful for legal purposes. These are never consulted by lawyers or
+    claimants, nor do they yield any revenue to the office, save an
+    occasional small receipt from the Camden Society, or from some similar
+    body, or private literary inquirer.
+
+    "With respect to the original wills, and the entries of modern wills,
+    your memorialists beg to express clearly that this application is not
+    designed to have any reference to them. Your memorialists confine their
+    remarks exclusively to the books of entries of those ancient wills
+    which have long and unquestionably ceased to be useful for legal
+    purposes.
+
+    "These entries of ancient wills are of the very highest importance to
+    historical inquirers. They abound with illustrations of manners and
+    customs; they exhibit in the most authentic way the state of religion,
+    the condition of the various classes of the people, and of society in
+    general; they are invaluable to the lexicographer, the genealogist, the
+    topographer, the biographer,--to historical writers of every order and
+    kind. They constitute the most important depository in existence of
+    exact information relating to events and persons of the period to which
+    they relate.
+
+    "But all this information is unavailable in consequence of the
+    regulations of the office in which the wills are kept. All the books of
+    entry, both of ancient and modern wills, are kept together, and can
+    only be consulted in the same department of the same office, in the
+    same manner and subject to precisely the same restrictions and the same
+    payments. No distinction is made between the fees to be paid by a
+    literary person who wishes to make a few notes from wills, perhaps
+    three or four hundred years old, in order to rectify a fact, a name, a
+    date, or to establish the proper place of a descent in a pedigree, or
+    the exact meaning of a doubtful word, and the fees to be paid by the
+    person who wants a copy of a will proved yesterday as evidence of a
+    right to property perhaps to be established in a court of justice. No
+    extract is allowed to be made, not even of a word or a date, except the
+    names of the executors and the date of the will. Printed statements in
+    historical books, which refer to wills, may not be compared with the
+    wills as entered; even ancient copies of wills handed down for many
+    generations in the families of the testators, may not be examined in
+    the registered wills without paying the office for making new and
+    entire copies.
+
+    "No such restrictions exclude literary inquirers from the British
+    Museum, where there are papers equally valuable. The Public Record
+    Offices are all open, either gratuitously or upon payment of easy fees.
+    The Secretary of State for the Home Department grants permission of
+    access to her Majesty's State Paper Office. Your Grace's predecessor
+    gave the Camden Society free access to the registers of wills at
+    Lambeth--documents exactly similar to those at Doctors' Commons. The
+    Prerogative Office is, probably, the only public office in the kingdom
+    which is shut against literary inquirers.
+
+    "The results of such regulations are obvious. The ancient wills at
+    Doctors' Commons not being accessible to those to whom alone they are
+    useful, yield scarcely any fees to the office; historical inquirers are
+    discouraged; errors remain uncorrected; statements of facts in
+    historical works are obliged to be left uncertain and incomplete; the
+    researches of the Camden Society and other similar societies are
+    thwarted; and all historical inquirers regard the condition of the
+    Prerogative Office as a great literary grievance.
+
+    {216}
+
+    "The President and Council of the Camden Society respectfully submit
+    these circumstances to your Grace with a full persuasion that nothing
+    which relates to the welfare of English historical literature can be
+    uninteresting either to your Grace personally, or to the Church over
+    which you preside; and they humbly pray your Grace that such changes
+    may be made in the regulations of the Prerogative Office as may
+    assimilate its practice to that of the Public Record Office, so far as
+    regards the inspection of the books of entry of ancient wills, or that
+    such other remedy may be applied to the inconveniences now stated as to
+    your Grace may seem fit.
+
+      "(Signed)  BRAYBROOKE, President.
+      THOMAS AMYOT, Director.
+      HENRY ELLIS.
+      J. PAYNE COLLIER, Treas.
+      HARRY VERNEY.
+      H. H. MILMAN.
+      JOSEPH HUNTER.
+      WILLIAM J. THOMS, Sec.
+      CHS. PURTON COOPER.
+      THOS. STAPLETON.
+      WM. DURRANT COOPER.
+      PETER LEVESQUE.
+      THOS. J. PETTIGREW.
+      JOHN BRUCE.
+      BERIAH BOTFIELD.
+      BOLTON CORNEY.
+
+      _25. Parliament Street, Westminster,_
+      _13 April, 1848._"
+
+As the Archbishop stated his inability to afford any relief, THE CAMDEN
+SOCIETY availed themselves of the appointment of the Commission to inquire
+into the Law and Jurisdiction of the Ecclesiastical and other Courts in
+relation to Matters Testamentary, to address to those Commissioners, in the
+month of January, 1853, a Memorial, of which the following is a copy:
+
+    "To the Right Honourable and Honourable the Commissioners appointed by
+    Her Majesty to inquire into the Law and Jurisdiction of the
+    Ecclesiastical and other Courts in relation to Matters Testamentary.
+
+    "My Lords and Gentlemen,
+
+    "We, the undersigned, being the President and Council of the Camden
+    Society, for the Publication of Early Historical and Literary Remains,
+    beg to submit to your consideration a copy of a Memorial presented on
+    the 13th April, 1848, by the President and then Council of this
+    Society, to his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury, praying that such
+    changes might be made in the regulations of the Prerogative Office as
+    might assimilate its practice to that of the Public Record Office, so
+    far as regards the inspection of the books of entry of ancient Wills,
+    or that such other remedy might be applied to the inconveniences stated
+    in that Memorial as to his Grace might seem fit.
+
+    "In reply to that Memorial his Grace was pleased to inform the
+    Memorialists that he had no control whatever over the fees taken in the
+    Prerogative Office.
+
+    "The Memorialists had not adopted the course of applying to his Grace
+    the Archbishop until they had in vain endeavoured to obtain from the
+    authorities of the Prerogative Office, Messrs. Dyneley, Iggulden, and
+    Gostling, some modification of their rules in favour of literary
+    inquirers. The answer of his Grace the Archbishop left them, therefore
+    without present remedy.
+
+    "The grievance complained of continues entirely unaltered up to the
+    present time.
+
+    "In all other public repositories to which in the course of our
+    inquiries we have had occasion to apply, we have found a general and
+    predominant feeling of the national importance of the cultivation of
+    literature, and especially of that branch of it which relates to the
+    past history of our own country. Every one seems heartily willing to
+    promote historical inquiries. The Public Record Offices are now opened
+    to persons engaged in literary pursuits by arrangements of the most
+    satisfactory and liberal character. His Grace the Archbishop of
+    Canterbury gives permission to literary men to search such of the early
+    registers of his See as are in his own possession at Lambeth. Access is
+    given to the registers of the Bishop of London; and throughout the
+    kingdom private persons having in their possession historical documents
+    are almost without exception not only willing but anxious to assist our
+    inquiries. The authorities of the Prerogative Office in Doctors'
+    Commons, perhaps, stand alone in their total want of sympathy with
+    literature, and in their exclusion of literary inquirers by stringent
+    rules, harshly, and in some instances even offensively, enforced.
+
+              "We have the honour to be,
+          "My Lords and Gentlemen,
+      "Your most obedient and very humble servants,
+
+      (Signed) BRAYBROOKE, President.
+      JOHN BRUCE, Director.
+      C. PURTON COOPER.
+      J. PAYNE COLLIER, Treas.
+      W. R. DRAKE.
+      EDWD. FOSS.
+      PETER LEVESQUE.
+      STRANGFORD.
+      W. H. BLAAUW.
+      W. DURRANT COOPER.
+      BOLTON CORNEY.
+      HENRY ELLIS.
+      LAMBERT B. LARKING.
+      FREDK. OUVRY.
+      WM. J. THOMS, Sec.
+
+      _25. Parliament Street, Westminster,_
+      _January, 1853._"
+
+A Report from that Commission has been laid before Parliament; and a Bill
+for carrying into effect the recommendations contained in such Report, and
+transferring the powers of the Prerogative Court to the Court of Chancery,
+has been introduced into the House of Lords. The Bill contains no specific
+enactments as to the custody of the Wills.
+
+Now, therefore, is the time for all who are interested in Historical Truth
+to use their best endeavours to procure the insertion of such clauses as
+shall place the Wills under the same custody as the other Judicial Records
+of the country, namely, that of Her Majesty's Keeper of Records.
+
+With Literature represented in the House of Lords by a Brougham and a
+Campbell, in the Commons by a Macaulay, a Bulwer, and a D'Israeli, let but
+the real state of the case be once made public, and we have no fear but
+that the interests of English Historical Literature will be cared for and
+maintained.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{217}
+
+Notes.
+
+"J. R. OF CORK."
+
+My gifted and lamented countryman "The Roscoe of Cork"[1] deserves more
+notice in these pages, which he has enriched by his contributions, than the
+handsome obituary of our Editor (Vol. vii., p. 394.); so a few words is
+with reference to him may be acceptable.
+
+MR. JAMES ROCHE was born in Limerick some eighty-three years ago, of an
+ancient and wealthy family. At an early period of his life he was sent to
+France, and educated in the Catholic College of Saintes. After completing
+his studies, and paying a short visit to Ireland, he settled in Bordeaux,
+where he became acquainted with the most distinguished leaders of the
+Girondists.
+
+MR. ROCHE was in Paris during the horrors of the first Revolution, and in
+1793 was arrested there as a British subject, but was released on the death
+of Robespierre. For some years after his liberation, he passed his time
+between Paris and Bordeaux. At the close of the last century, he returned
+to Ireland; and commenced business in Cork as a banker, in partnership with
+his brother. He resided in a handsome country seat near the river Lee, and
+there amassed a splendid library.
+
+About the year 1816, a relative of mine, a wealthy banker in the same city,
+got into difficulties, and met with the kindest assistance from MR. ROCHE.
+In 1819 his own troubles came on, and a monetary crisis ruined him as well
+as many others. All his property was sold, and his books were brought to
+the hammer, excepting a few with which his creditors presented him. I have
+often tried, but without success, to get a copy of the auction catalogue,
+which contained many curious lots,--amongst others, I am informed, Swift's
+own annotated copy of _Gulliver's Travels_, which MR. ROCHE purchased in
+Cork for a few pence, but which produced pounds at the sale. MR. ROCHE,
+after this, resided for some time in London as parliamentary agent. He also
+spent several years in Paris, and witnessed the revolution of 1830.
+Eventually he returned to Cork, where he performed the duties of a
+magistrate and director of the National Bank, until his death in the early
+part of 1853.
+
+MR. ROCHE was intimately acquainted with many of the great men and events
+of his time, especially with everything concerning modern French history
+and literature.
+
+MR. ROCHE was remarkable for accurate scholarship and extensive learning:
+the affability of his manners, and the earnestly-religious tone of his
+mind, enhanced his varied accomplishments.
+
+For a number of years he contributed largely to various periodicals, such
+as the _Gentleman's Magazine_, the _Dublin Review_, and the _Literary
+Gazette_; and the signature of "J. R. of Cork" was welcome to all, while it
+puzzled many.
+
+In 1851 he printed _for private circulation_, _Essays Critical and
+Miscellaneous_, by an Octogenarian, 2 vols.; printed by G. Nash, Cork. Some
+of these Essays are reprints, others are printed for the first time. The
+work was reviewed in the _Dublin Review_ for October, 1851.
+
+A "Sketch of J. R. of Cork" was published in July, 1848, in Duffy's _Irish
+Catholic Magazine_, which I have made use of in this Note. My object in the
+present Note is to suggest that MR. ROCHE'S Reminiscences and Essays should
+be given to the public, from whom I am well assured they would receive a
+hearty welcome.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+[Footnote 1: MR. ROCHE is thus happily designated by the Rev. Francis
+Mahony in _The Prout Papers_.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARMORTINTO, OR SAND-PAINTING.
+
+There appeared in a late number of _The Family Friend_, an article on the
+above process. The writer attributes its invention to Benjamin Zobel of
+Bavaria; and states, that although some few persons have attempted its
+revival, in no instance has success attended such efforts. This is not
+correct. There was a German confectioner to King George III. whom I knew
+well. His name was Haas; and those acquainted with Bristol will recollect
+his well-frequented shop, nearly opposite the drawbridge on the way to
+College Green, where he resided forty years ago, after retiring from his
+employment at Court. There he was often engaged in decorating ceilings,
+lying on his back for weeks together on a scaffold for the purpose. He also
+ornamented the plateaus for the royal table; and he understood the art of
+sand-painting, and practised it in the highest perfection. Whether he
+preceded Zobel, or came after him, at Windsor Castle, I cannot tell; but I
+can testify that he was perfect master of the art in question. I have seen
+him at work upon his sand-pictures. He had the marble dust of every
+gradation of colour in a large box, divided into small compartments; and he
+applied it to the picture by dropping it from small cones of paper.
+
+The article in _The Family Friend_ describes the process of Zobel to have
+consisted of a previous coating of the panel for the picture with a
+glutinous solution, over which the marble dust was strewed from a piece of
+cord. Haas used small cones of paper; and my impression from seeing him at
+work was, that he sprinkled the sand on the dry panel, and fixed the whole
+finally at once by some process which he kept a secret. For I remember how
+careful he was to prevent the window or door from being opened, so as to
+cause a draught, before he had fixed his picture; and I {218} have heard
+him lament the misfortune of having had one or two pictures blown away in
+this manner.
+
+The effect of his sand-pictures was extraordinary. They stood out in bold
+relief, and with a brilliancy far surpassing any oil painting. As may be
+supposed, this style of painting was particularly adapted for landscapes
+and rocky scenery; and it enabled the artist to finish foliage with a
+richness which nothing could surpass. Mr. Haas' collection of his
+sand-paintings was a rich treat to inspect. After his death, they were sold
+and dispersed; but many must be found in the collections of gentlemen in
+Bristol and its neighbourhood.
+
+F. C. H.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THE SOLDIER'S DISCIPLINE, FROM A BROADSIDE OF THE YEAR 1642.
+
+    "_The Grounds of Military Discipline: or, Certain Brief Rules for the
+    Exercising of a Company or Squadron._
+
+          _Observed by all._
+
+  In march, in motion, troop or stand,
+  Observe both leader and right hand;
+  With silence note in what degree
+  You in the body placed be:
+  That so you may, without more trouble,
+  Know where to stand, and when to double.
+
+          _Distances._
+
+  True distance keep in files, in ranks
+  Open close to the front, reare, flanks,
+  Backward, forward, to the right, left, or either,
+  Backward and forward both together.
+  To the right, left, outward or in,
+  According to directions given.
+  To order, close, open, double,
+  Distance, distance, double, double:
+  For this alone prevents distraction,
+  And giveth lustre to the action.
+
+          _Facings._
+
+  Face to the right, or to the left, both wayes to the reare,
+  Inward, outward, and as you were:
+  To the front, reare, flanks, and peradventure
+  To every angle, and to the centre.
+
+          _Doublings._
+
+  To bring more hands in the front to fight,
+  Double ranks unto the right,
+  Or left, or both, if need require,
+  Direct divisionall or intire:
+  By doubling files accordingly,
+  Your flanks will strengthened be thereby.
+  Halfe files and bringers-up likewise
+  To the front may double, none denies;
+  Nor would it very strange appear
+  For th' front half files or double the reare:
+  The one half ranks to double the other,
+  Thereby to strengthen one the other.
+
+          _Countermarches._
+
+  But lest I should seen troublesome,
+  To countermarches next I come.
+  Which, though they many seem to be,
+  Are all included in these three:
+  Maintaining, gaining, losing ground,
+  And severall wayes to each is found:
+  By which their proper motion's guided,
+  In files, in ranks, in both divided.
+
+          _Wheeling._
+
+  Wheel your batten ere you fight,
+  For better advantage to the right,
+  Or left, or round about
+  To either angle, or where you doubt
+  Your enemie will first oppose you;
+  And therefore unto their Foot close you.
+  Divisionall wheeling I have seen
+  In sundrie places practis'd been,
+  To alter either form or figure,
+  By wheeling severall wayes together.
+  And, had I time to stand upon 't,
+  I'de wheele my wings into the front.
+  By wheeling flanks into the reare,
+  They'll soon reduce them as they were.
+  Besides, it seems a pretty thing
+  To wheel, front, and reare to either wing:
+  Wheele both wings to the reare and front;
+  Face to the reare, and having done 't,
+  Close your divisions; even your ranks,
+  Wheel front and reare into both flanks:
+  And thus much know, cause, note I'll smother,
+  To one wheeling doth reduce the other.
+
+          _Conversion and Inversion._
+
+  One thing more and I have done;
+  Let files rank by conversion:
+  To th' right, or th' left, to both, and then
+  Ranks by conversion fill again:
+  Troop for the colours, march, prepare for fight,
+  Behave yourselves like men, and so good night.
+
+The summe of all that hath been spoken may be comprised thus:
+
+  Open, close, face, double, countermarch, wheel, charge, retire;
+  Invert, convert, reduce, trope, march, make readie, fire."
+
+ANON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LEADING ARTICLES OF FOREIGN NEWSPAPERS.
+
+The foreign correspondence of the English press is an invaluable feature of
+that mighty engine of civilisation and progress, for which the world cannot
+be too thankful; but as the agents in it at Paris, Berlin, Vienna, &c., are
+more or less imbued with the insular views and prejudices which they carry
+with them from England, Scotland, or Ireland, it were well if the daily
+journals devoted more attention than they do to the _leading articles_ of
+the Continental press, which is frequently distinguished by great ability
+and interest, and would {219} enable Englishmen, not versed in foreign
+languages, to judge, from another point of view, of Continental
+affairs--now becoming of surpassing interest and importance. Translations
+or abstracts of the leading articles of _The Times_, _Morning Chronicle_,
+_Morning Post_, &c., are constantly to be met with in the best foreign
+papers. Why should not our great London papers more frequently gratify
+their readers with articles from the pens of their Continental brotherhood?
+This would afford an opportunity also of correcting the false statements,
+or replying to the erroneous judgments put forth and circulated abroad by
+writers whose distinguished position enables them, unintentionally no
+doubt, to do the more mischief. A surprising change for the better,
+however, as respects Great Britain, is manifest in the tone and information
+of the foreign press of late years. Let us cherish this good feeling by a
+corresponding demeanour on our part.
+
+ALPHA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Materials for a History of Druidism.--_
+
+    "It would be a commendable, useful, and easy task to collect what the
+    ancients have left us on the subject of Druidism. Such a collection
+    would form a very small but interesting volume. It would supersede, in
+    every library, the idle and tedious dreams and conjectures of the
+    Stukeleys, the Borlases, the Rowlands, the Vallanceys, the Davies's,
+    the Jones's, and the Whitakers. Toland's work on the Druids, though far
+    from unexceptionable, has more solid intelligence than any other modern
+    composition of its kind. It is a pity that he or some other person has
+    not given as faithful translations of the Irish Christian MSS. which he
+    mentions, as these have, no doubt, preserved much respecting Druidical
+    manners and superstitions, of which many vestiges are still existing,
+    though not of the kind usually referred to."
+
+    "The Roman history of Britain can only be collected from the Roman
+    writers; and what they have left is very short indeed. It might be
+    disposed of in the way recommended for the History of the
+    Druids."--Douce's notes on Whitaker's _History of Manchester_, vol. i.
+    p. 136. of Corrections in Book i., ibid. p. 148.
+
+ANON.
+
+_Domestic Chapels._--There is an interesting example of a domestic chapel,
+with an upper chamber over it for the chaplain's residence, and a ground
+floor underneath it for some undiscoverable purpose, to be seen contiguous
+to an ancient farm-house at Ilsam, in the parish of St. Mary Church, in the
+county of Devon.
+
+The structure is quite ecclesiastical in its character, and appears to have
+been originally, as now, detached from the family house, or only connected
+with it by a short passage leading to the floor on which the chapel itself
+stood.
+
+JOHN JAMES.
+
+_Ordinary._--The following is a new meaning for the word _ordinary_:--"Do
+ye come in and see my poor man, for he is _piteous ordinary_ to-day." This
+speech was addressed to me by a poor woman who wished me to go and see her
+husband. He was ordinary enough, although she had adorned his head with a
+_red_ night-cap; but her meaning was evidently that he was far from well;
+and Johnson's _Dictionary_ does not give this signification to the word.
+
+A cottage child once told me that the dog opened his mouth "a power wide."
+
+[Old English W. N.]
+
+_Thom's Irish Almanac and Official Directory for 1854._--In the
+advertisement prefixed to this valuable compilation, which, according to
+the _Quarterly Review_, "contains more information about Ireland than has
+been collected in one volume in any country," we may find the following
+words:
+
+    "All parliamentary and official documents procurable, have been
+    collected; and their contents, so far as they bore on the state of the
+    country, carefully abstracted; and where any deficiencies have been
+    observable, the want has been supplied by applications to private
+    sources, which, in every instance, have been most satisfactorily
+    answered. He [Mr. Thom] is also indebted to similar applications to the
+    ruling authorities of the several religious persuasions _for the
+    undisputed accuracy of the ecclesiastical department of the Almanac_."
+
+I wish to call attention to the latter words; and in so doing, I assure
+you, I feel only a most anxious desire to see some farther improvements
+effected by Mr. Thom.
+
+I cannot allow "the undisputed accuracy of the ecclesiastical department,"
+inasmuch as I have detected, even on a cursory examination, very many
+inaccuracies which a little care would certainly have prevented. For
+example, in p. 451. (_Ecclesiastical Directory_, Established Church and
+Diocese of Dublin), there are at least five grave mistakes, and four in the
+following page. These pages I have taken at random. I could easily point
+out other pages equally inaccurate; but I have done enough I think to
+prove, that while I willingly accord to the enterprising publisher the full
+meed of praise he so well deserves, a little more attention should be paid
+in future to the preparation of the ecclesiastical department.
+
+ABHBA.
+
+_Antiquity of the Word "Snub."_--
+
+    "Beware we then euer of discontente, and _snubbe_ it betimes, least it
+    overthrowe us as it hath done manie."
+
+    "Such _snubs_ as these be little cloudes."--_Comfortable Notes on
+    Genesis_, by Gervase Babington, Bishop of Exeter, 1596.
+
+J. R. P.
+
+_Charles I. at Little Woolford._--There is an ancient house at Little
+Woolford (in the {220} southeast corner of Warwickshire) connected with
+which is a tradition that Charles I., after the battle of Edge Hill, which
+is not far distant, secreted himself in an oven there. This oven is
+preserved for the inspection of the curious.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_Coincidences between Sir Thomas Browne and Bishop Ken._--Sir Thomas Browne
+wrote his _Religio Medici_ in 1533-5; and in it suggested some familiar
+verses of the "Evening Hymn" of his brother Wykehamist Bishop Ken. The
+lines are as follows:
+
+      _Sir Thomas Browne._
+
+  "Guard me 'gainst those watchful foes,
+  Whose eyes are open, while mine close;
+  Let no dreams my head infest,
+  But such as Jacob's temples blest:
+  Sleep is a death: oh, make me try,
+  By sleeping, what it is to die!
+  And as gently lay my head
+  On my grave, as now my bed.
+  Howe'er I rest, great God, let me
+  Awake again at last with Thee."
+
+      _Bishop Ken._
+
+  "Let no ill dreams disturb my rest;
+  No powers of darkness me molest.
+  Teach me to live, that I may dread
+  The grave as little as my bed:
+  Teach me to die, that so I may
+  Rise glorious at the awful day.
+  Oh, may my soul on Thee repose,
+  And with sweet sleep mine eyelids close;
+  Sleep that may me more vigorous make,
+  To serve my God when I awake."
+
+I have never seen this curious coincidence noticed by any of the good
+bishop's biographers, Hawkins, Bowles, or Mr. Anderdon.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+_The English School of Painting._--In a note to a volume of poems by Victor
+Hugo, published in 1836, occur these remarks:
+
+    "M. Louis Boulanger, a qui ces deux ballades sont dediees, s'est place
+    bien jeune au premier rang de cette nouvelle generation de peintres,
+    qui promet d'elever notre ecole au niveau des magnifiques ecoles
+    d'Italie, d'Espagne, de Flandre, et d'Angleterre."
+
+Does this praise of the English school of painting show a correct
+appreciation of its claims to distinction? or am I in error in supposing,
+as I have done, that our school of painting is not entitled to the pompous
+epithet of "magnifique," nor to be named in the same category with the
+Italian, Spanish, and Flemish schools? I am aware of the hackneyed and
+somewhat hyperbolical employment, by French writers and speakers, of such
+terms as _magnifique_, _superbe_, _grandiose_; and that they do not convey
+to a French ear the same idea of superiority, as they do to our more sober
+English judgment; but making every allowance on this score, I confess I was
+not a little startled to find such a term as _magnifique_, even in its most
+moderate acceptation, applied to our efforts in that branch of art.
+_Magnifique_, in truth, must be our school, when the French can condescend
+to speak of it in such language!
+
+HENRY H. BREEN.
+
+St. Lucia.
+
+"_A Feather in your Cap._"--My good friend Dr. Wolff mentioned in
+conversation a circumstance (also stated, I fancy, in his _Journey to
+Bokhara_) which seemed to afford a solution of the common expression,
+"That's a feather in your cap." I begged he would give it me in writing,
+and he has done so. "The Kaffr Seeyah Poosh (meaning the infidels in black
+clothing) living around Cabul upon the height of the mountains of the
+Himalaya, who worship a god called Dagon and Imra, are great enemies of the
+Muhamedans; and for each Muhamedan they kill, they wear a feather in their
+heads. The same is done among the Abyssinians and Turcomans."
+
+Has the feather head-dress of the American Indian, and the eagle's feather
+in the bonnet of the Highlander, any connexion with keeping a score of the
+deaths of the enemies or game they have killed?
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE: LICENCES TO CRENELLATE.
+
+Previous to the publication of the second volume of the _Domestic
+Architecture of the Middle Ages_, you were kind enough to insert some
+Queries for me respecting existing remains of houses of the fourteenth
+century, which elicited some useful Notes, partly through your columns and
+partly from private friends who were thus reminded of my wants. I am now
+preparing for the press the third and concluding volume of that work,
+comprising the period from the reign of Richard II. to that of Henry VIII.
+inclusive. I shall be glad of information of any houses of that period
+remaining in a tolerably perfect state, in addition to those mentioned in
+the _Glossary of Architecture_. I have reason to believe that there are
+many; and one class, the halls of the different guilds, seem to have been
+generally overlooked.
+
+With the kind assistance of Mr. Duffus Hardy, I have obtained a complete
+list of the licences to crenellate contained in the Patent Rolls, and some
+other records preserved in the Tower. Most of these have the name of the
+county annexed; but there are a few, of which I add a list, in which no
+county is mentioned, and local information is necessary in order to
+identify them. Perhaps some {221} of your numerous readers will be able to
+assist me.
+
+_Licences to Crenellate._
+
+  +------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
+  |When granted.           | Name of Place.       | To whom granted.      |
+  +------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
+  | 22 Edward I.           | Melton.              | John de Cokefeld.     |
+  | 17 Edward II.          | Molun.               | Raymond de Grismak.   |
+  | 5 Edward III.          | Newton in Makerfeld. | Robert de Langeton.   |
+  | 9 Edward III.          | Esselyngton.         | Robert de Esselyngton.|
+  | 12 Edward III.         | Cublesdon.           | John Trussell.        |
+  |     Ditto.             | La Beche.            | Nicholas de la Beche. |
+  |     Ditto.             | Beaumes.             |     Ditto.            |
+  | 15 Edward III.         | Pringham.            | Reginald de Cobham.   |
+  |     Ditto.             | Orkesdene.           |     Ditto.            |
+  |     Ditto.             | Stanstede.           | Robert Burghchier.    |
+  | 16 Edward III.         | Credonio.            | Bernard de Dalham.    |
+  |     Ditto.             | Heyheved.            | William Lengleys.     |
+  | 18 Edward III.         | Chevelyngham.        | Thomas de Aeton.      |
+  +------------------------+----------------------+-----------------------+
+
+J. H. PARKER.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DIXON OF BEESTON.
+
+Will the Editor be kind enough to insert the accompanying letter, for _if
+true_ it is worthy of a place in the heraldic portion of "N. & Q.," and _if
+not true_, its imposture should stand recorded? On receiving it I sent a
+copy to my brother, Mr. J. H. Dixon, an able antiquary, and late of the
+council of the Percy Society, who, somewhat too hastily I think, and
+without sufficient proof, rejected the information offered. That the family
+which my brother represents is a "good old" one, is sufficiently attested
+by the pedigree furnished by Thoresby in the _Ducatus Leodiensis_, and
+thence copied by Mr. Burke in his _Landed Gentry_; but of its earlier
+history there is no reliable account, unless that by Mr. Spence can be
+considered such.
+
+I shall feel very much obliged if any of your correspondents learned in the
+genealogies of Yorkshire and Cheshire could either corroborate the
+genuineness of the information tendered by Mr. Spence, or prove the
+reverse; and it is only fair to that gentleman to add that he is entitled
+to credibility on the written testimony of the Rev. Mr. Knox, Incumbent of
+Birkenhead.
+
+R. W. DIXON, J.P.
+
+Seaton Carew, co. Durham.
+
+      Sir,
+
+    Having been engaged by Miss Cotgreave, of Notherlegh House, near
+    Chester, to inspect and arrange the title-deeds and other documents
+    which belonged to her father, the late Sir John Cotgreave, I find a
+    very ancient pedigree of the Cotgreaves de Hargrave in that county;
+    which family became extinct in the direct male line in the year 1724,
+    but which was represented through females by the above Sir J. C.
+
+    It is the work of the great Camden, anno 1598, from documents in the
+    possession of the Cotgreave family, and contains the descents of five
+    generations of the Dixons of Beeston, in the county of York, and
+    Congleton, Cheshire, together with their marriages and armorial
+    bearings, commencing with "Ralph Dixon, Esq., de Beeston and Congleton,
+    living temp. Hen. VI., who was slain whilst fighting on the part of the
+    Yorkists, at the battle of Wakefield, A.D. 1460."
+
+    Presuming that you are descended from this ancient family, I will (if
+    you think proper) transmit to you extracts from the aforesaid pedigree,
+    as far as relates to your distinguished progenitors, conditionally that
+    you remunerate me for the information and definition of the armorial
+    bearings, there being five shields, containing twelve quarterings
+    connected with the family of Dixon.
+
+    Miss Cotgreave will allow me to make the extracts, and has kindly
+    consented to attest the same.
+
+    The arms of Dixon, as depicted in the Cotgreave pedigree, are "Sable, a
+    fleur-de-lis or, a chief ermine," quartering the ensigns of the noble
+    houses of "Robert Fitz-Hugh, Baron of Malpas in the county of Chester,
+    temp. William the Conqueror; Eustace Crewe de Montalt, Lord of
+    Hawarden, Flintshire, during the said reign; Robert de Umfreville, Lord
+    of Tours, and Vian, and Reddesdale, in Northumberland, who flourished
+    in the same reign also; Pole, Talboys, Welles, Latimer," and others.
+
+    In the pedigree, Camden states that the aforesaid "Ralph Dixon
+    quartered the ensigns of the above noble families in right of his
+    mother Maude, daughter and co-heiress of Sir Ralph Fitz-Hugh de
+    Congleton and Elton in the county palatine of Chester."
+
+          I have the honour to be, Sir,
+              Your very obedient humble servant,
+                  WILLIAM SIDNEY SPENCE.
+      Priory Place, Birkenhead,
+              Chester.
+          Dec. 14. 1848.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Atherstone Family._--Can any of your readers oblige me with information
+concerning the Atherstone family? Is it an old name, or was it first given
+some three or four generations back to a foundling, picked up near the town
+of Atherston?
+
+M. A. B.
+
+_Classic Authors and the Jews._--Where can I find a complete or full
+account of passages in Greek and Latin authors, which refer to Judea and
+the Jews? It has been said that these references are very few, and that in
+Cicero, for instance, there is not one. This last is wrong, I know. (See
+_e.g._ Cic. _Pro L. Flacco_, 28., and _De Prov. Consul. 5._)
+
+B. H. C.
+
+_Bishop Hooper's Argument on the Vestment Controversy._--Glocester Ridley,
+in his _Life of Bishop Ridley_, p. 315., London, 1763, states, in reference
+to Bishop Hooper's _Book to the Council against the use of those Habits
+which were then used by the Church of England in her sacred Ministries_,
+written October, 1550, "Part of Hooper's book I have by me in MS." Could
+any one state whether that MS. is now in existence, or where it is to be
+found? It is of much importance to obtain {222} an answer to this inquiry,
+as Bishop Ridley's MS. Reply to Bishop Hooper is, for the first time, about
+to be printed by the Parker Society, through the kind permission of its
+possessor, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart., in the second volume of the
+Writings of Bradford which I am editing; and, to make Ridley's reply fully
+intelligible, access is needed to Bishop Hooper's _Book to the Council_.
+
+A. TOWNSEND.
+
+Weston Lane, Bath,
+
+February 23.
+
+_The Title of "Dominus."_--How is it that at Cambridge the title of
+_Dominus_ is applied to B.A.'s, while at Oxford it is confined to the
+doctorate?
+
+W. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_The De Rous Family._--Hugh Rufus, or De Rous, was Bishop of Ossory, A.D.
+1202. He had been previously an Augustinian Canon of Bodmin, in Cornwall.
+Query, Was he a cadet of the ancient family of De Rous; and if so, what was
+his descent?
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+_Where was the Fee of S. Sanxon?_--At the end of "Ordericus Vitalis," in
+the _Gesta Normannorum_, is a list called the "Feoda Normanniae," wherein,
+under the title "Feoda Ebroic.," occurs the entry:
+
+  "S. Sanxon dim. f. in friche."
+
+Francis Drake, in his _Antiquities of York_, London, 1736, p. 70., speaks
+of "Sampson, or _Sanxo_," the archbishop of that see; and elsewhere
+mentions the parish church of S. Sampson, "called by some Sanxo."
+
+What I wish to ask is, Where was this half fee of S. Sanxon? Whether it had
+any connexion with Sanson sur Rille? And whether it was the place from
+which "Ralph de S. Sanson" or "Sanson Clericus" of the _Domesday Book_, who
+was afterwards Bishop of Worcester, derived his name?
+
+*   *
+
+_Russian Emperors._--Is there any truth in a rumour that was current two or
+three years since respecting the limited period that was placed upon the
+reign of any Russian monarch? Twenty-five years was the time stated, at the
+termination of which the Emperor had to abdicate. As this period has
+elapsed, and no abdication has taken place by the present Autocrat, some
+one may perhaps be able to state how such a statement originated, and upon
+what grounds?
+
+THOS. CROSFIELD.
+
+_Episcopal Insignia of the Eastern Church._--Having seen in a late number
+of the _Illustrated London News_ (Feb. 11, 1854) a peculiarly shaped
+episcopal staff, with a cross rising from between two in-curved dragons'
+heads, which is represented in the hand of the metropolitan of Wallachia, I
+would be glad to know whether this form is peculiar to any branch of the
+Eastern Church. A reference to a work of authority on the subject will
+oblige a provincialist.
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+_Amontillado Sherry._--What is the real meaning of this epithet? A friend,
+who had travelled in Spain, and visited some famous cellars at Xeres, told
+me that the peculiar flavour of the Amontillado Sherry was always an
+accidental result of mixing butts of wine brought to the merchant by a
+variety of growers. I mentioned this to another friend who had the wine on
+his table; and he ridiculed the account, saying that the Amontillado Sherry
+was from a grape peculiar to the district. What district, I could not
+ascertain.
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Col. Michael Smith's Family._--Perhaps some of your readers may be enabled
+to give me some information of the family of Smith, to which Col. Michael
+Smith, Lieut.-Governor of Nevis about 1750, belongs.
+
+A WEST INDIAN.
+
+_Pronunciation of Foreign Names._--How shall we pronounce Sinope, Citate,
+and many other words which are now becoming familiar to our eyes? I think
+the bookseller who should give us a vocabulary of proper names of foreign
+persons and places, with the correct pronunciation attached, would be
+encouraged by an extensive sale. So far as my knowledge extends, such a
+work is a desideratum.
+
+THINKS I TO MYSELF.
+
+_Artesian Wells._--One who is about to dig a well on his land would be glad
+to know:--1. Whether, in all cases, artesian wells are preferable? 2. If
+yes, why they are not universally adopted, and whether they are more
+expensive then the common sort? 3. If not preferable in all cases, in what
+cases they are preferable?
+
+STYLITES.
+
+_Norman Towers in London._--Can you inform me it there is any other church
+in the city of London with a Norman tower, besides Allhallows, Mark Lane?
+which, by the bye, has been colour-washed: I suppose, to preserve it!
+
+J. W. BROWN.
+
+_Papyrus._--Where, or of whom, can a specimen of Papyrus be obtained?
+
+R. H.
+
+Islington.
+
+_Mathew, a Cornish Family._--I am anxious to know the connexion of a family
+of Mathew, late of Tresungar, co. Cornwall, with any stock in Wales; and I
+will gladly defray any necessary expense of search, if can attain this
+object. The descent of a family of the name, apparently the same from the
+arms, in an old recueil of Devonshire families, is headed "nuper de
+Wallia;" and a visitation of that county ascribes their bearing {223} (a
+stork) to a marriage with an heir of Starkey, which I have been unable to
+verify. A Visitation of Cornwall, to which I have had access, gives a
+grant, or probably a confirmation of the arms by Cooke. If this celebrated
+Herald's grants are on record, some clew would probably be found; but I
+doubt not that many of your readers well versed in genealogical research
+can readily answer my Query, and I trust to their kindness to do so.
+
+B.
+
+Birkenhead.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Bunyan's Descendants._--As a recent Query respecting John Bunyan may lead
+to some notices of his descendants, perhaps I may be informed in what
+edition of his works it is stated that a branch of his family settled in
+Nottingham? for I find in the burgess-roll of that borough that George
+Bunyan was entered freeman in 1752. William Bunyan, lieutenant in the navy,
+1767; Thomas Bunyan, hosier, 1776. In event of the above story being
+verified, a pedigree may possibly be extracted hereafter from the parish
+registers of the town. As far as my own examination goes, the editions in
+the British Museum afford no corroboration to what I have heard.
+
+FURVUS.
+
+Plumstead Common.
+
+    [We have been favoured with the following article on this subject from
+    George Offor, Esq., of Hackney:
+
+    "_Where are John Bunyan's Descendants?_--It is natural to inquire after
+    the ancestors and descendants of great men, although experience proves
+    that intellectual greatness runs not in blood, for earth's _great_ and
+    most illustrious sons descended from and left descendants who merged
+    among the masses of her _little_ ones. Of his ancestors Bunyan boasted
+    not, but pleaded with the readers of the first edition of his _Sighs
+    from Hell_, 'Be not ashamed to own me because of my low and
+    contemptible descent in the world.' From the life of the great dreamer,
+    appended to my second edition of Bunyan's works (Blackie, Glasgow), it
+    appears that he left three children: Thomas, a valuable member of his
+    church; Joseph, who settled in Nottingham; and Sarah. Joseph is named
+    by one of Bunyan's earliest biographers, who told his father that 'a
+    worthy citizen of London would take him apprentice without money, which
+    might be a great means to advance him; but he replied to me, _God did
+    not send him to advance his family, but to preach the Gospel_.'
+
+    "The Rev. J. H. A. Rudd of Bedford and Elstow has most kindly searched
+    the registers of Elstow and Goldington, and has discovered some
+    interesting entries; and, as his numerous engagements will permit, he
+    will search the registry of the parish churches in Bedford and its
+    vicinity. Information would be most acceptable relative to Bunyan's
+    father and mother, his two wives, and his children, John, Elizabeth,
+    and Mary, who died in his life-time; and also as to Joseph. If your
+    correspondent FURVUS would search the registers at Nottingham, he might
+    discover some valuable records of that branch of the family. Bunyan is
+    said to have been baptized about 1653; and in the Elstow register it
+    appears that his daughter Mary was registered as _baptized_ July 20,
+    1650, while his next daughter, Elizabeth, is on the register as _born_
+    April 14, 1654, showing the change in his principles, as to infant
+    baptism, to have taken place between those periods. The family Bible
+    given by John Bunyan to his son Joseph, now in my possession, confirms
+    the statement verbally communicated to me by his descendant Mrs.
+    Senegar, that her great-grandfather Joseph, having conformed to please
+    his rich wife, was anxious to conceal his affinity to the illustrious
+    tinker. The registers contained in it begin with Joseph's son Thomas
+    and Susannah his wife, and it is continued to Robert Bunyan, born 1775,
+    and who was lately living at Lincoln. I should be most happy to show
+    the Bible and copies of registers in my possession to any one who will
+    undertake to form a genealogy."
+
+      GEORGE OFFOR.]
+
+_Epigram on Dennis._--
+
+  "Should Dennis publish you had stabb'd your brother,
+  Lampoon'd your monarch, or debauch'd your mother," &c.
+
+is printed as by Savage in Johnson's _Life of Savage_. In the notes to _The
+Dunciad_, i. 106., it is said to be by Pope. _Utri credemus?_
+
+S. Z. Z. S.
+
+    [From the fact, that this epigram was not only attributed to Pope, in
+    the notes to the second edition of _The Dunciad_, published in 1729,
+    but also in those of 1743, the joint edition of Pope and Warburton, and
+    both published before the death of Pope, it seems extremely probable
+    that he was the author of it; more especially as he had been
+    exasperated by a twopenny tract, of which Dennis was suspected to be
+    the writer, called _A True Character of Mr. Pope and his Writings_;
+    printed for S. Popping, 1716. D'Israeli however, in his _Calamities of
+    Authors_, art. "The Influence of a bad Temper in Criticism," quoting it
+    from Dr. Johnson, conjectures it was written on the following occasion:
+    "Thomson and Pope charitably supported the veteran Zoilus at a benefit
+    play, and Savage, who had nothing but a verse to give, returned them
+    very poetical thanks in the name of Dennis. He was then blind and old,
+    but his critical ferocity had no old age; his surliness overcame every
+    grateful sense, and he swore as usual, 'They could be no one's but that
+    _fool_ Savage's,' an evidence of his sagacity and brutality. This
+    perhaps prompted 'the fool' to take this fair revenge and just
+    chastisement." After all, Dr. Johnson, who was at that time narrating
+    Savage's intimate acquaintance with Pope, may have attributed to the
+    former what seems to have been the production of the latter.]
+
+_Football played on Shrove Tuesday._--The people of this and the
+neighbouring towns invariably play at football on Shrove Tuesday. What is
+the origin of the custom? and does it extend to other counties?
+
+J. P. S.
+
+Dorking.
+
+    ["Shrove-tide," says Warton, "was formerly a season of extraordinary
+    sport and feasting. There was {224} anciently a feast immediately
+    preceding Lent, which lasted many days, called _Carniscapium_. In some
+    cities of France an officer was annually chosen, called Le Prince
+    d'Amoreux, who presided over the sports of the youth for six days
+    before Ash Wednesday. Some traces of these festivities still remain in
+    our Universities." In these degenerate days more is known, we suspect,
+    of pancakes and fritters, than of a football match and a
+    cock-fight:--the latter, we are happy to say, is now almost forgotten
+    among us. As to the pancake custom, no doubt that is most religiously
+    observed by the readers of "N. & Q.," in obedience to the rubric of the
+    _Oxford Sausage_:
+
+      "Let glad Shrove Tuesday bring the pancake thin,
+      Or fritter rich, with apples stored within."
+
+    According to Fitz-Stephen, "After dinner, all the youths go into the
+    fields to play at the ball. The scholars of every school have their
+    ball and bastion in their hands. The ancient and wealthy men of the
+    city come forth on horseback to see the sport of the young men, and to
+    take part of the pleasure, in beholding their agility." And till within
+    the last few years:
+
+                      "... The humble play
+      Of trap or football on a holiday,
+      In Finsbury fields,"--
+
+    was sufficiently common in the neighbourhood of London and other
+    places. See Brande's _Popular Antiquities_, vol. i. pp. 63-94. (Bohn's
+    edition), and Hone's _Every-Day Book_, vol. i. pp. 244. 255-260.]
+
+_Vossioner; its Meaning._--In looking over a parcel of brass rubbings made
+some years since, I find the word _vossioner_ used, and not knowing its
+signification, I should be glad to be enlightened on the subject; but, in
+order to enable your readers to judge more correctly, I think it better to
+copy the whole of the epitaph in which the word occurs. The plate is in
+Ufton Church, near Southam, county Warwick; it measures eighteen inches in
+width by sixteen deep.
+
+    "Here lyeth the boddyes of Richard Hoddomes, Parsson and Pattron and
+    _Vossioner_ of the Churche and Parishe of Oufton, in the Countie of
+    Warrike, who died one Mydsomer Daye, 1587. And Margerye his Wiffe
+    w^{th} _her_ seven Childryn, as namelye, Richard, _John_, and _John_,
+    Anne, Jane, Elizabeth, Ayles, _his_ iiii Daughters, _whose soule_
+    restethe with God."
+
+I give the epitaph _verbatim_, with its true orthography. There are some
+curious points in this epitaph. First, the date of the death of the
+clergyman only is given; second, the children are called _hers_, while the
+four daughters are _his_; and two of the sons bear the same Christian name,
+whilst only one _soul_ is said to rest with God. The family is represented
+kneeling. Above the inscription, and between the clergyman and his lady, is
+a desk, on which is represented two books lying open before them.
+
+J. B. WHITBORNE.
+
+    [Vossioner seems to be corruption of the Italian _vossignor_, your
+    lord, or the lord, _i.e._ owner or proprietor. Many similar words were
+    introduced by the Italian ecclesiastics inducted into Church livings
+    during the sixteenth century. The inscription is given in Dugdale's
+    _Warwickshire_, vol. i. p. 358.]
+
+_The Game of Chess._--At what period was the noble game of chess introduced
+into the British Isles; and to whom are we indebted for its introduction
+among us?
+
+B. ASHTON.
+
+    [The precise date of the introduction of this game into Britain is
+    uncertain. What has been collected respecting it will be found in the
+    Hon. Daines Barrington's paper in _Archaeologia_, vol. ix. p. 28.; and
+    in Hyde's treatise, _Mandragorias, seu Historia Shahiludii_. Oxoniae,
+    1694.]
+
+_A Juniper Letter._--Fuller, in describing a letter written by Bishop
+Grosthead to Pope Innocent IV., makes use of a curious epithet, of which I
+should be glad to meet with another instance, if it be not simply a
+"Fullerism":
+
+    "Bishop Grouthead offended thereat, wrote Pope Innocent IV. such a
+    _juniper letter_, taxing him with extortion and other vicious
+    practices."--_Church History_, book III., A.D. 1254.
+
+J. M. B.
+
+    ["A juniper lecture," meaning a round scolding bout, is still in use
+    among the canting gentry.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+CLARENCE.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 85.)
+
+Clarence is beyond all doubt the district comprehending and lying around
+the town and castle of Clare in Suffolk, and not, as some have fancifully
+supposed, the town of Chiarenza in the Morea. Some of the crusaders did,
+indeed, acquire titles of honour derived from places in eastern lands, but
+certainly no such place ever gave its name to an honorary feud held of the
+crown of England, nor, indeed, has _ever_ any English sovereign to this day
+bestowed a territorial title derived from a place beyond the limits of his
+own nominal dominions; the latest creations of the kind being the earldoms
+of Albemarle and Tankerville, respectively bestowed by William III. and
+George I., who were both nominally kings of Great Britain, _France_, and
+Ireland. In ancient times every English title (with the exception of
+Aumerle or Albemarle, which exception is only an apparent one) was either
+personal, or derived from some place in England. The ancient earls of
+Albemarle were not English peers by virtue of that earldom, but by virtue
+of the tenure of lands in England, though, being the holders of a Norman
+earldom, they were known in England by their higher designation, just as
+some of the {225} Barons De Umfravill were styled, even in writs of
+summons, by their superior Scottish title of Earl of Angos. If these earls
+had not held English fees, they would not have been peers of England any
+more than were the ancient Earls of Tankerville and Eu. In later times the
+strictness of the feudal law was so far relaxed, that in two or three
+instances English peers were created with territorial titles derived from
+places in the Duchy of Normandy.
+
+As to the locality of Clarence, see Sandford's _Genealogical History_,
+1707, p. 222. There is a paper on the subject in the _Gentleman's Magazine_
+for November, 1850. The king of arms called Clarenceux, or in Latin
+_Clarentius_, was, as it has been very reasonably conjectured, originally a
+herald retained by a Duke of Clarence. (Noble's _History of the College of
+Arms_, p. 61.) Hoping ere long to send you some notes respecting certain
+real or seeming anomalies amongst our English dignities, I reserve some
+particulars which may, perhaps, farther elucidate the present question.
+
+GOLDENCROSS.
+
+Your correspondent HONORE DE MAREVILLE has wandered too far in going to the
+Morea to search for this title. Clare in Suffolk was one of the ninety-five
+manors in that county bestowed by the Conqueror upon Richard Fitzgilbert,
+who (as well as his successor Gilbert) resided at Tunbridge, and bore the
+surname of De Tonebruge. His grandson Richard, the first Earl of Hertford,
+fixed his principal seat at Clare, and thenceforth the family took the
+surname of De Clare; and in the Latin documents of the time the several
+members of it were styled _Ricardus_ (or _Gilbertus_), _Dominus Clarensis_,
+_Comes Hertfordiensis_. The name of the lordship thus becoming the family
+surname, it is easy to see how in common usage the formal epithet
+_Clarensis_ soon became Clarence, and why Lionel, the son of Edward III.,
+upon his marriage with Elizabeth de Burgh, the grand-niece and heiress of
+the last Gilbertus Clarensis, should choose as the title for his dukedom
+the surname of the great family of which he had now become the
+representative.
+
+VOKAROS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MILTON'S WIDOW.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 12. 134. 200. 375. 452. 471. 544. 594.)
+
+GARLICHITHE is again on the wrong scent. In his first communication on this
+subject, he allowed himself to go astray by mistaking Randle Minshull the
+_grandfather_ for Randle Minshull the _son_; and now, with the like
+fatality, he fails to discriminate between Richard Minshull the _uncle_,
+and Richard Minshull the _brother_, of Elizabeth Milton. A second
+examination of my Reply in Vol. viii., p. 200., will suffice to show him
+that Richard Minshull, the party to the deed there quoted, was named by me
+as the _brother_, and not the _uncle_, of Milton's widow, and that
+therefore his argument, based on disparity of age, &c., falls to the
+ground. On the other hand, Richard Minshull of Chester, to whom the letter
+alluded to was addressed, was the brother of Randle Minshull of Wistaston,
+and by the same token, uncle of Elizabeth Milton, and of Richard Minshull,
+her brother and co-partner in the deed already referred to.
+
+GARLICHITHE, and all others who have taken an interest in this discussion,
+will now, I trust, see clearly that there has been nothing adduced by
+either MR. MARSH or myself inconsistent with ages or dates; but that, on
+the contrary, all our premises and conclusions are borne out by evidence
+clear, irreproachable, and incontestable.
+
+All objections being now, as I conceive, fully combated and disposed of,
+the substance of our investigations may be summed up in a very few words.
+The statement of Pennant, adopted by all succeeding writers, to the effect
+that Elizabeth, the widow of John Milton, was a daughter of Sir Edward
+Minshull of Stoke, is clearly proved to be a fiction. It has been farther
+proved, from the parish registers, as well as from bonds and other
+documentary evidence, that she was, without doubt, the daughter of Randle
+Minshull of Wistaston, a village about three miles from Nantwich; that she
+was the cousin of Milton's familiar friend, Dr. Paget, and as such became
+entitled to a legacy under the learned Doctor's will, and that she is
+expressly named by Richard Minshull as his sister in the deed before
+quoted.
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+THREE FLEURS-DE-LYS.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 35. 113.)
+
+DEVONIENSIS is informed that an example of this occurs in the arms of King
+James's School, Almondbury, Yorkshire. The impression, as taken from the
+great seal of the school, in which however the colours are not
+distinguished, may be imperfectly described as follows: Three lions (two
+over one) passant gardant ----, on a chief ----, three fleurs-de-lys ----.
+
+As it is not unlikely that some other of King James's foundations may have
+the same arms, it would be considered a favour if any reader of "N. & Q."
+possessing the information would communicate the proper colours in this
+case, or even the probable ones.
+
+CAMELODUNENSIS.
+
+DEVONIENSIS is quite right in supposing that the bearing of three
+fleurs-de-lys alone, horizontal, in the upper part of the shield,--in other
+words, {226} in chief, fess-ways,--is a very rare occurrence. I know of no
+instance of it in English blazon. Coupled with another and principal
+charge, as a fess, a chevron, a lion, &c.; or in a chief, it is common
+enough. Nor have I ever met with an example of it in French coat-armour. An
+English family, named Rothfeld, but apparently of German extraction, gives:
+Gules, two fleurs-de-lys, in chief, ermine. Du Guesclin bore nothing like a
+fleur-de-lys in any way. The armorial bearings of the famous Constable
+were: Argent, a double-headed eagle, displayed, sable, crowned, or,
+debruised of a bend, gules.
+
+JOHN O' THE FORD.
+
+Malta.
+
+P.S.--Since writing the above, I have read three replies (Vol. ix., p.
+84.), which do not appear to me to exactly meet the Query of DEVONIENSIS.
+
+I understand the question to be, does any English family bear simply three
+fleurs-de-lys, in chief, fess-ways--without any additional charge? And in
+that sense my reply above is framed.
+
+The first example given by MR. MACKENZIE WALCOTT would be most satisfactory
+and conclusive of the existence of such a bearing, could it be verified;
+but, unfortunately, in the _Heraldic Dictionaries_ of Berry and Burke, the
+name even of Trilleck or Trelleck does not occur. And in Malta, I have no
+opportunity of consulting Edmondson or Robson.
+
+Your correspondent A. B. (p. 113.) has mistaken the three white lilies for
+fleurs-de-lys in the arms of Magdalen College, Oxford. Waynflete, the
+founder, was also Provost of Eton, and adopted the device from the bearings
+of that illustrious school; by which they were borne in allusion to St.
+Mary, to whom that College is dedicated.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BOOKS BURNED BY THE COMMON HANGMAN.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 272. 346. 625.; Vol. ix., p. 78.)
+
+The well-known law dictionary, entitled _The Interpreter_, by John Cowel,
+LL.D., was burned (1610) under a proclamation of James I. (D'Israeli's
+_Calamities of Authors_, ed. 1840, p. 133.)
+
+In June, 1622, the Commentary of David Pare, or Paraeus _On the Epistle to
+the Romans_, was burned at London, Oxford, and Cambridge, by order of the
+Privy Council. (Wood's _Hist. and Antiq. of Univ. of Oxford_, ed. Gutch,
+vol. ii. pp. 341-345.; Cooper's _Annals of Cambridge_, vol. iii. pp. 143,
+144.)
+
+On the 12th of February, 1634, _Elenchus Religionis Papisticae_, by John
+Bastwicke, M.D., was ordered to be burned by the High Commission Court.
+(Prynne's _New Discovery of the Prelates' Tyranny_, p. 132.)
+
+On the 10th of February, 1640-1 the House of Lords ordered that two books
+published by John Pocklington, D.D., entitled _Altare Christianum_, and
+_Sunday no Sabbath_, should be publicly burned in the city of London and
+the two Universities, by the hands of the common executioner; and on the
+10th of March the House ordered the Sheriffs of London and the
+Vice-Chancellors of both the Universities, forthwith to take care and see
+the order of the House carried into execution. (_Lords' Journals_, vol. iv.
+pp. 161. 180.)
+
+On the 13th of August, 1660, Charles II. issued a proclamation against
+Milton's _Defensio pro Populo Anglicano_, his _Answer to the Portraiture of
+his Sacred Majesty in his Solitude and Sufferings_, and a book by John
+Goodwin, late of Coleman Street, London, Clerk, entitled _The Obstructors
+of Justice_. All copies of these books were to be brought to the sheriffs
+of counties, who were to cause the same to be publicly burned by the hands
+of the common hangman at the next assizes. (Kennett's _Register and
+Chronicle_, p. 207.) This proclamation is also printed in Collet's _Relics
+of Literature_, with the inaccurate date 1672, and the absurd statement
+that no copy of the proclamation was discovered till 1797.
+
+In January, 1692-3, a pamphlet by Charles Blount, Esq., entitled _King
+William and Queen Mary, Conquerors, &c._, was burned by the common hangman
+in Palace Yard, Westminster. (Bohun's _Autobiography_, ed. S. W. Rix, vol.
+xxiv. pp. 106, 109. 113.; Wilson's _Life of De Foe_, vol. i. p. 179 _n_.)
+
+The same parliament consigned to the flames Bishop Burnet's _Pastoral
+Letter_, which had been published 1689. (Wilson's _Life of De Foe_, vol. i.
+p. 179.)
+
+On the 31st of July, 1693, the second volume of Anthony a Wood's _Athenae
+Oxonienses_ was burned in the Theatre Yard at Oxford by the Apparitor of
+the University, in pursuance of the sentence of the University Court in a
+prosecution for a libel on the memory of Edward Hyde, Earl of Clarendon.
+(_Life of Mr. Anthony a Wood_, ed. 1772, p. 377.)
+
+On the 25th of February, 1702-3, the House of Commons ordered De Foe's
+_Shortest Way with the Dissenters_ to be burned by the hands of the common
+hangman on the morrow in New Palace Yard. (Wilson's _Life of De Foe_, vol.
+ii. p. 62.)
+
+In or about 1709, John Humphrey, an aged non-conformist minister, having
+published a pamphlet against the Test, and circulated it amongst the
+members of parliament, was cited before a committee, and his work was
+ordered to be burned by the common hangman. (Wilson's _Life of De Foe_,
+vol. iii. p. 52.)
+
+The _North Briton_, No. 45., was on the 3rd of December, 1763, burned by
+the common hangman at the Royal Exchange, by order of the House of {227}
+Commons. The following account is from Malcolm's _Anecdotes of London_,
+4to., 1808, p. 282.:
+
+    "The 3rd of December was appointed for this silly ceremony, which took
+    place before the Royal Exchange, amidst the hisses and execrations of
+    the mob, not directed at the obnoxious paper, but at Alderman Harley,
+    the sheriffs, and constables, the latter of whom were compelled to
+    fight furiously through the whole business. The instant the hangman
+    held the work to a lighted link it was beat to the ground, and the
+    populace, seizing the faggots prepared to complete its destruction,
+    fell upon the peace-officers and fairly threshed them from the field;
+    nor did the alderman escape without a contusion on the head, inflicted
+    by a bullet thrown through the glass of his coach; and several other
+    persons had reason to repent the attempt to burn that publicly which
+    the _sovereign people_ determined to approve, who afterwards exhibited
+    a large _jack-boot_ at Temple Bar, and burnt it in triumph, unmolested,
+    as a species of retaliation."
+
+I am not aware that what Mr. Malcolm terms a "silly ceremony" has been
+repeated since 1763.
+
+C. H. COOPER.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+I know not whether you have noticed the following:
+
+    "Droit le Roy; or, A Digest of the Rights and Prerogatives of the
+    Imperial Crown of Great Britain. By a Member of the Society of
+    Lincoln's Inn. 'Dieu et Mon Droit.' [Royal Arms, with G. R.] London:
+    printed and sold by W. Griffin, in Fetter Lane, MDCCLXIV."
+
+Lord Mahon (_History of England_, vol. v. p. 175.) says:
+
+    "It was also observed, and condemned as a shallow artifice, that the
+    House of Lords, to counterbalance their condemnation of Wilkes's
+    violent democracy, took similar measures against a book of exactly
+    opposite principles. This was a treatise or collection of precedents
+    lately published under the title of _Droit le Roy_, to uphold the
+    prerogative of the crown against the rights of the people. The Peers,
+    on the motion of Lord Lyttleton, seconded by the Duke of Grafton, voted
+    this book 'a false, malicious, and traitorous libel, inconsistent with
+    the principles of the Revolution to which we owe the present happy
+    establishment;' they ordered that it should be burned by the hands of
+    the common hangman, and that the author should be taken into custody.
+    The latter part of the sentence, however, no one took any pains to
+    execute. The author was one Timothy Brecknock, a hack scribbler, who,
+    twenty years afterwards, was hanged for being accessary to an atrocious
+    murder in Ireland."
+
+A copy of the book (an octavo of xii. and 95 pages) is in my possession. It
+was apparently a presentation copy, and formerly belonged to Dr. Disney; at
+whose sale it was purchased by the late Richard Heber, as his MS. note
+testifies. Against the political views which this book advocates, I say not
+one word; as a legal treatise it is simply despicable.
+
+H. GOUGH.
+
+Lincoln's Inn.
+
+The following extract is at the service of BALLIOLENSIS:
+
+    "In the seventh year of King James I., Dr. Cowel's _Interpreter_ was
+    censured by the two Houses, as asserting several points to the
+    overthrow and destruction of Parliaments and of the fundamental laws
+    and government of the kingdom. And one of the articles charged upon him
+    to this purpose by the Commons, in their complaint to the Lords, was,
+    as Mr. Petyt says, out of the _Journal_, this that follows:
+
+    "'4thly. The Doctor draws his arguments from the imperial laws of the
+    Roman Emperors, an argument which may be urged with as great reason,
+    and with as great authority, for the reduction of the state and the
+    clergy of England to the polity and laws in the time of those Emperors;
+    as also to make the laws and customs of Rome and Constantinople to be
+    binding and obligatory in the cities of London and York.'
+
+    "The issue of which complaint was, that the author, for these his
+    outlandish politics, was taken into custody, and his book condemned to
+    the flames: nor could the dedication of it to his then grace of
+    Canterbury save it."--Atterbury's _Rights, Powers, and Privileges of
+    Convocation_, p. 7. of Preface.
+
+WM. FRASER, B.C.L.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+I possess a copy of _The Case of Ireland being bound by Acts of Parliament
+in England stated_, by William Molyneux of Dublin, Esq., which appears to
+have been literally "plucked as brand from the burning," as a considerable
+portion of it is consumed by fire. I have cut the following from a sale
+catalogue just sent to me from Dublin:
+
+    "Smith's (Matthew) _Memoirs of Secret Service_, Lond. 1696. Written by
+    Charles, Earl of Peterborough, and is very scarce, being burnt by the
+    hangman. MS. note."
+
+JAMES GRAVES.
+
+Kilkenny.
+
+A decree of the University of Oxford, made July 21, 1683, condemning George
+Buchanan's treatise _De jure regni apud Scotos_, and certain other books,
+the names of which I do not know, was on March 25, 1710, ordered by the
+House of Lords to be burned by the hangman. This was shortly after the
+trial of Dr. Sacheverel.
+
+W. P. STORER.
+
+Olney, Bucks.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DIFFERENT PRODUCTIONS OF DIFFERENT CARCASES.
+
+(Vol. vi., p. 263.)
+
+Up to a very recent period, it was held, even by philosophers, that each of
+the four elements, as well as every _living_ plant and animal, both {228}
+brute and human, generated insects; but of all sources of this equivocal
+generation, none was considered more potent than the putrefaction or
+corruption of animal matter: as Du Bartas says:
+
+  "God, not contented to each kind to give,
+  And to infuse the virtue generative,
+  By His wise power, made many creatures breed,
+  Of _lifeless bodies_ without Venus' deed."
+                          _Sixth Day._
+
+Pliny, after giving Virgil's receipt for making bees, gives similar
+instances:
+
+    "Like as dead horses will breed waspes and hornets; and asses carrion,
+    turne to be beetle-flies by a certaine metamorphosis which Nature
+    maketh from one creature to another."--Lib. xi. c. xx.
+
+And soon after he says of wasps:
+
+    "All the sorte of these live upon flesh, contrarie to _the manner of
+    bees, which will not touch a dead carcasse_."
+
+This brings Shakepeare's lines to mind:
+
+  " 'Tis seldom when the bee doth leave her comb
+  In the _dead carrion_."
+              _Henry IV._, Part II. Act IV. Sc. 4.
+
+The _Belfast News Letter_ of Friday, Aug. 10, 1832, gives one of these rare
+occurrences:
+
+    "A few days ago, when the sexton was digging a grave in Temple Cranney
+    (a burying-place in Portaferry, co. Down), he came to a coffin which
+    had been there two or three years: this he thought necessary to remove.
+    In this operation, he was startled by a great quantity of wild bees
+    issuing forth from the coffin; and upon lifting the lid, it was found
+    that they had formed their combs in the dead man's skull and mouth,
+    which were full. The nest was made of the hair of the head, together
+    with shavings that had been put in the coffin with the corpse."
+
+This quotation is given in an interesting work of Mr. Patterson's, _Letters
+on the Natural History of the Insects mentioned in Shakspeare's Plays_:
+London, 1838.
+
+Your correspondent R. T. shows that _serpents_ were supposed to be
+generated by _human_ carcases. Pliny says:
+
+    "I have heard many a man say that the _marrow of a man's backebone_
+    will breed to a snake."--_Hist. Nat._, x. 66.
+
+The story of the "fair young German gentleman" reminds me of one of a
+gentle shepherd and his beloved Amarante, told in De Britaine's _Human
+Prudence_, 12th edit., Dublin, 1726, Part I. p. 171. The corpse of the
+"Caesar," seen by St. Augustine and Monica, was most probably that of
+Maximus, Emperor of the West, slain by the soldiers of Theodosius, A.D.
+388.
+
+Sir Thos. Browne--"treating of the conceit that the mandrake grows under
+gallowses, and arises from the fat, or [Greek: ouron], of the dead
+malefactor, and hence has the form of a man--says:
+
+    "This is so far from being verified of animals in their corruptive
+    mutations into plants, that they maintain not this similitude in their
+    nearer translation into animals. So when the ox corrupteth into bees,
+    or the horse into hornets, they come not forth in the image of their
+    originals. So the corrupt and excrementitious humours in man are
+    animated into lice: and we may observe that hogs, sheep, goats, hawks,
+    hens, and others, have one peculiar and proper kind of
+    vermin."--_Works_, Bohn's edit., vol. i. p. 197.
+
+The editor furnishes the following note:
+
+    "The immortal Harvey, in his _De Generations_, struck the first blow at
+    the root of the irrational system called _equivocal generation_, when
+    he laid down his brief but most pungent law, _Omnia ex ovo_. But the
+    belief transmitted from antiquity, that living beings generated
+    spontaneously from putrescent matter, long maintained its ground, and a
+    certain modification of it is even still advocated by some naturalists
+    of the greatest acuteness. The first few pages of the volume entitled
+    _Insect Transformations_ (in _The Library of Entertaining Knowledge_)
+    are occupied by a very interesting investigation of this subject."--See
+    also Sir T. Browne's _Works_, vol. i. p. 378., vol. ii. pp. 523, 524.;
+    and Izaak Walton's _Complete Angler_, passim.
+
+The equivocal generation of bees is copiously dwelt on in Bochart's
+_Hierozoicon_, London, 1663, fol., Part II. p. 502. Instances of their
+attaching themselves to dead bodies, in spite of their ordinary antipathy,
+are given at p. 506.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+VANDYKE IN AMERICA.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 182. 228.)
+
+To your correspondent C. I would say, that his observation--that the Query
+was as to an _engraving_, whilst my answer was as to a _picture_--is not
+true; as I am sure, from memory, that MR. WESTMACOTT used the word
+"portraits." But I plead in extenuation of my pretended grave offence, 1.
+That the Query was not propounded by C., but by a gentleman to whom the
+information given might be, as I supposed, of some interest; more
+particularly as I referred to the _Travels_ of an Englishman, both of
+which, author and work, were accessible. 2. That, in common with the
+American readers of "N. & Q.," I regarded it as "a journal of
+inter-communication," through whose columns information might be asked for,
+the request to be treated with the same consideration and courtesy as
+though addressed to each individual subscriber. I may add that LORD
+BRAYBROOKE and MR. WODDERSPOON (Vol. iv., p. 17.) have urged "the necessity
+for recording the existence of painted historical portraits, scattered, as
+we know they are," &c. {229}
+
+Now, as to the expression "worthies, famous in English history." I presume
+I need do no more concerning its application to Lord Orrery, Sir Robert
+Walpole, &c., than say, it was used as signifying "men of mark," without
+intending to endorse their "worth" either morally, mentally, or
+politically; its application to Colonel Hill and Colonel Byrd, as meaning
+"men of worth," might, did your limits permit, be defended on high grounds.
+
+Then as to the possibility of Vandyke's having painted the portraits. If C.
+will have the kindness to look at C. Campbell's _History of Virginia_, he
+will find,--
+
+    "1654. At a meeting of the Assembly, William Hatchin, having been
+    convicted of having called Colonel Edward Hill 'an atheist and
+    blasphemer,' was compelled to make acknowledgment of his offence upon
+    his knees before Colonel Hill and the Assembly."
+
+This Colonel Hill, generally known as Colonel Edward Hill the Elder, a
+gentleman of great wealth, built the mansion at Shirley, where his
+portrait, brought from England, hangs in the same place, in the same hall
+in which he had it put up. It represents a youth in pastoral costume, crook
+in hand, flocks in the background. By a comparison of dates, C. will find
+it possible for Vandyke to have painted it. (See Bryan's _Engravers and
+Painters_.) It has descended, along with the estate, to his lineal
+representative, the present owner. Its authenticity rests upon _tradition_
+coupled with the foregoing facts, as far as I know (though the family may
+have abundant documentary proof), and I doubt very much whether many
+"Vandykes in England" are better ascertained. I would add that several
+English gentlemen, among them, as I have heard, a distinguished ambassador
+recently in this country, recognised it as a Vandyke. This picture, amongst
+others, was injured by the balls fired from the vessels which ascended the
+James river, under command of General Arnold, then a British officer. On
+the younger Mr. Hill's tomb at Shirley is a coat of arms, a copy of which,
+had I one to send, would probably point out his family in England.[2]
+
+As to Colonel Byrd's portrait. There were, I believe, three gentlemen of
+this name and title, more or less confounded in reputation, the second of
+whom, generally known as "Colonel Byrd the Elder," by reason of his son's
+history, was born in 1674. The picture is of his _father_, that is, of
+"old," or "the first Colonel Byrd," and is in the same style as that of
+Colonel Hill's, representing a shepherd lad. He was an English gentleman of
+great wealth, and certainly of some benevolence. In Campbell's _Virginia_,
+p. 104. (see also Oldmixon, vol. i. p. 427.), it is stated, 1690, a large
+body of Huguenots were sent to Virginia. "The refugees found in Colonel
+Byrd, of Westover, a generous benefactor. Each settler was allowed a strip
+of land running back from the river to the foot of the hill (Henrico
+County). Here they raised cattle," &c. He sent his son to England to be
+educated under the care of a friend, Sir Robert Southwell. The son became a
+Fellow of the Royal Society, "was the intimate and bosom friend of the
+learned and illustrious Charles Boyle, Earl of Orrery," was the author of
+the _Westover MSS._ (mentioned in Oldmixon's preface, 2nd ed.), portions of
+which, "Progress to the Mines," "History of the Dividing Line," &c., have
+been printed, others are in the library of the American Philosophical
+Society.[3] His portrait is "by Kneller, a fine old cavalier face," says
+Campbell. The letters received at Westover might prove not uninteresting
+even to C., seeing that there were so many titled people among the writers;
+and to a gentleman of education and intelligence, the Westover library
+would have been a treasure-house. In the Loganian Library in this city is a
+large MS. folio, whose title-page declares it to be "a catalogue of books
+in the library at Westover, belonging to William Byrd, Esq.," from which it
+appears that in Law there were the English reporters (beginning with Y. B.)
+and text-writers, laws of France, Scotland, Rome (various editions of
+Pandects, &c.); Canon Law, with numerous approved commentators on each. In
+Physic a great many works, which, as I am told, were, and some still are,
+of high repute: I note only one, _Poor Planter's Physician interleaved_.
+This, to every one who has been upon a great Virginia plantation, bespeaks
+the benevolence characteristic of the proprietors of Westover. In Divinity,
+besides pages of orthodox divines, Bibles in various languages (several in
+Hebrew, one in seven vols.), are Socinius, Bellarmine, &c. The works on
+Metallurgy, Natural History, Metaphysics, Military Science, Heraldry,
+Navigation, Music, &c., are very numerous; and either of the collections of
+history, or entertainment, or classics, or political science, would form no
+inconsiderable library of itself. {230} An impression of Colonel Byrd's
+book-plate, given by a friend, is enclosed. I must add that the pictures at
+Brandon are at that mansion, through the marriage of Mr. Harrison (a signer
+of the Declaration of Independence) with the daughter of the third Colonel
+Byrd.
+
+I have occupied much more space than I intended, but I have said enough I
+hope to show, 1. That it is possible, from dates, from the character,
+wealth, and position of Mr. Byrd and Mr. Hill, together with the length of
+time the pictures have remained in the respective families, for Vandyke to
+have painted these portraits. 2. That as men who directed the energies,
+developed the resources, of our infant settlements, who brought hither the
+products of science, literature, and art, who exhibited the refinements of
+birth, the graces of good breeding, yet were always ready to serve their
+country in the field or in the council, Mr. Byrd and Mr. Hill are vastly
+more worthy of commemoration and reverence than all the Earls of
+Dredlington that ever sat at his majesty's Board of Green Cloth.
+
+J. BALCH.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+[Footnote 2: It is curious to observe how matters of history appear and
+disappear as it were. "The mighty Tottipottimoy," says Hudibras (part ii.
+cant. ii. l. 421.),--on which the Rev. Dr. Nash has this note: "I don't
+know whether this is a real name or only an imitation of North-American
+phraseology; the appellation of an individual, or a title of
+office:"--Tottipottimoy was king of the warlike and powerful Parnunkies,
+and was defeated and slain by the Virginians, commanded by Colonel Hill, in
+the action from which Bloody Run takes its name.]
+
+[Footnote 3: There is a curious passage in the Westover MSS. concerning
+William Penn, of which Mr. Macaulay should have a copy, unless one has been
+already sent to him.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Cyanide of Potassium._--It may be interesting to our photographic friends
+to know that cyanide of potassium is capable of replacing hyposulphite of
+soda in all collodion processes. If used of the strength of five grains to
+one ounce of water, no danger need be apprehended from it. Its merits are
+cleanliness, quickness of operation, and the minute quantity of water
+required for washing the picture fixed therewith.
+
+J. B. HOCKIN.
+
+_Mode of exciting Calotype Paper._--I forgot inserting this plan of
+exciting in my paper: it is very clean and convenient, simple and sure.
+Obtain a piece of plate glass, two or three inches larger than your paper,
+level it on a table with a few bits of wood, pour on it your exciting
+mixture (say aceto-nitrate and gallic acid, solution of each 20 minims,
+distilled water 1 ounce), and spread it evenly over with a scrap of
+blotting-paper. Float your paper two minutes, remove and blot off; this
+ensures perfect evenness, especially if the paper is large. You may thus
+excite half a dozen papers with little more trouble than one.
+
+THOS. L. MANSELL.
+
+_The Double Iodide Solution--Purity of Photographic Chemicals._--The
+observations of MR. LEACHMAN upon the solvent powers of iodide of potassium
+(Vol ix., p. 182.) are perfectly correct, but I believe our photographic
+chemicals are often much adulterated. The iodide of potassium is frequently
+mixed with the carbonate. DR. MANSELL writes me word, in a comment upon
+your note upon his communication, "What I used was _very_ pure, having been
+prepared by Mr. Arnold with great care: it was some that had gone to the
+Great Exhibition as a sample of Guernsey make, and obtained a medal." I
+have this day used exactly seven ounces avoirdupois to make a pint of the
+iodizing solution, which, within a few grains, agrees with my former
+results. Nitrate of silver, I am informed upon a most respectable
+authority, has been adulterated thirty per cent., and without careful
+testing has eluded detection; but I am inclined to think our cheapest
+article has come in for its largest share of mixture. I have lately
+perfectly failed in the removal of the iodide of silver with a _saturated_
+solution of what I purchased as hyposulphite of soda, but which could have
+been little else than common Glauber's salts; for upon applying a similar
+solution of some which was made by M. Butka of Prague, and supplied me by
+Messrs. Simpson and Maule, the effect was almost immediate, demonstrating
+how much we are misled in our conclusions, from believing we are
+manipulating with the same substances, when in fact they are quite
+different.
+
+HUGH W. DIAMOND.
+
+_Hyposulphite of Soda Baths._--Is there any objection to using the same
+bath (saturated solution of hyposulphite) for fixing both paper calotype
+_negatives_ and positives printed on albumenized paper from glass collodion
+negatives?
+
+C. E. F.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Daughters taking their Mothers' Names_ (Vol. viii., p.586.).--BURIENSIS
+asked for instances of temp. Edw. I., II., III., of a daughter adding to
+her own name that of her mother: as Alice, daughter of Ada, &c. Though I am
+not able to furnish an instance of a daughter doing so, I can refer him to
+a few of sons using that form of surname some years earlier, but the
+practice seems very limited. Thus in _Liber de Antiquis Legibus_, published
+by the Camden Society, we have, among the early sheriffs of London in 1193,
+Willielmus filius Ysabelis, or, as in the appendix 222, Ysabel; in 1200,
+Willielmus filius Alicie; in 1213, Martinus filius Alicie; and in 1233 and
+1246, Simon filius Marie,--the same person that, as Simon Fitz-Mary, is
+known as the founder of the Hospital of St. Mary Bethlehem Without,
+Bishopsgate.
+
+W. S. W.
+
+Middle Temple.
+
+_The Young Pretender_ (Vol. ix., p. 177.).--Will CEYREP, or any other
+correspondent, furnish me with particulars of the Young Pretender's
+marriage with a daughter of the House of Stolberg; her name, place of
+burial, &c.? She was descended maternally from the noble House of Bruce,
+through the marriage of Thomas, second Earl of Aylesbury and third Earl of
+Elgin, with Charlotte (his second wife) Countess of Sannu, or Sannau, of
+the House of Argenteau. They had a daughter, Charlotte Maria, I suppose an
+only child, who was married in the year 1722 to the Prince of Horn. These
+had issue Mary and Elizabeth, whom also I suppose {231} to have been only
+children. One of them married the Prince of Stolberg, and the other the
+Prince of Salm. One of the descendants of this family was an annuitant on
+the estate of the Marquis of Aylesbury, as recently as twelve or fourteen
+years ago. Information on any part of this descent would confer an
+obligation on
+
+PATONCE.
+
+_A Legend of the Hive_ (Vol. ix., p. 167.).--With every feeling of
+gratitude to EIRIONNACH, I cannot receive praise for false metre and
+erroneous grammar. In the fifth line of the first stanza of the quoted
+verse, the first of the above legend, "are" is redundant: and in the first
+line of the next stanza, "bore" should be "bare." I remember that in more
+cases than one the printer of my published rhymes has perpetrated this
+latter mistake.
+
+Suffer me to reply to a question of the same courteous critic EIRIONNACH,
+in Vol. ix., p. 162., about a "Christ-cross-row." This name for the
+alphabet obtained in the good old Cornish dame-schools when I was a boy. In
+a book that I have seen, there is a vignette of a monk teaching a little
+boy to read, and beneath
+
+      "_A Christ-Cross Rhyme._
+
+          I.
+
+  "Christ his cross shall be my speed!
+  Teach me, Father John, to read:
+  That in church, on holy-day,
+  I may chant the psalm and pray.
+
+          II.
+
+  "Let me learn, that I may know
+  What the shining windows show;
+  Where the lovely Lady stands,
+  With that bright Child in her hands.
+
+          III.
+
+  "Teach me letters one, two, three,
+  Till that I shall able be
+  Signs to know and words to frame,
+  And to spell sweet Jesu's name!
+
+          IV.
+
+  "Then, dear master, will I look
+  Day and night in that fair book,
+  Where the tales of saints are told,
+  With their pictures all in gold.
+
+          V.
+
+  "Teach me, Father John, to say
+  Vesper-verse and matin-lay;
+  So when I to God shall plead,
+  Christ his cross will be my speed!"
+
+H. OF MORWENSTOW.
+
+_Hoby Family_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.; Vol. ix., pp. 19. 58.).--Sir Philip
+Hoby, or Hobbie, who was born in 1505, and died in 1558, was not only
+Gentleman of the Privy Chamber to Henry VIII., but, while he held that
+office, was attached to the embassy of Sir Thomas Wyatt to the Emperor
+Charles V. in 1538. He was himself ambassador to the same Emperor in 1548,
+being sent by the Protector Somerset to replace the Bishop of Westminster.
+It may be interesting to state that two volumes of papers containing
+instructions and other letters transmitted to Sir Philip during these
+embassies, and copies of his replies, together with his correspondence with
+some eminent reformers, were in the possession of Wm. Hare, Esq., M.P. for
+the city of Cork in 1796. An account of them, drawn up by the Rev. T. D.
+Hincks, was read before the Royal Irish Academy on December 17 in that
+year, and printed in the sixth volume of its _Transactions_. It is probable
+that these papers had formerly belonged to Rev. Sir Philip Hoby, Bart., who
+was Dean of Ardfert and Chancellor of St. Patrick's; and died without an
+heir in 1766. He was descended from Sir Thomas Hoby, younger brother of Sir
+Philip; who was born in 1530, and died in 1566. The father of these two
+knights was William Hobbie of Leominster. I presume the two volumes of
+papers referred to are in the possession of the Earl of Listowel,
+great-grandson of the gentleman who possessed them in 1796.
+
+E. H. D. D.
+
+_Anticipatory Use of the Cross_ (Vol. viii. passim).--
+
+    "It is strange, yet well authenticated, and has given rise to many
+    theories, that the symbol of the Cross was already known to the Indians
+    before the arrival of Cortez. In the island of Cozumel, near Yucatan,
+    there were several; and in Yucatan itself there was a stone cross. And
+    there an Indian, considered a prophet amongst his countrymen, had
+    declared that a nation bearing the same as a symbol should arrive from
+    a distant country! More extraordinary still was a temple, dedicated to
+    the Holy Cross by the Toltec nation in the city of Cholula. Near
+    Tulansingo there is also a cross engraved on a rock with various
+    characters, which the Indians by tradition ascribe to the Apostle St.
+    Thomas. In Oajaca, also, there existed a cross, which the Indians from
+    time immemorial had been accustomed to consider as a divine symbol. By
+    order of the Bishop Cervantes it was placed in a sumptuous chapel in
+    the cathedral. Information concerning its discovery, together with a
+    small cup, cut out of its wood, was sent to Rome to Paul V.; who
+    received it on his knees, singing the hymn 'Vexilla regis,' &c."--_Life
+    in Mexico_, by Madame Calderon de la Barca, Letter xxxvii.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+_Longevity_ (Vols. vii., viii., _passim_).--
+
+    "Amongst the fresh antiquities of Cornwall, let not the old woman be
+    forgotten who died about two years since; who was one hundred and
+    sixty-four years old, of good memory, and healthful at that age; living
+    in the parish of Gwithian by the charity of such as came purposely to
+    see her, speaking to them (in default of English) by an interpreter,
+    yet partly understanding it. She married a second husband after she was
+    eighty, {232} and buried him after he was eighty years of
+    age."--Scawens' _Dissertation on the Cornish Tongue_, written temp.
+    Car. II.
+
+ANON.
+
+As very many, if not all, the instances mentioned in "N. & Q." of those who
+have reached a very advanced age, were people of humble origin, may we not
+now refer to those of noble birth? To commence the list, I would name Sir
+Ralph de Vernon, "who is said to have lived to the age of one hundred and
+fifty, and thence generally was called the Old Liver." My authority is,
+Burke's _Peerage and Baronetage_, edit. 1848, p. 1009.
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+"_Nugget_" (Vol. viii., pp. 375. 481.).--A note from Mundy's _Our
+Antipodes_:
+
+    "The word _nugget_, among farmers, signifies a small compact beast, a
+    runt: among gold-miners a lump, in contradistinction to the scale or
+    dust-gold."
+
+CLERICUS RUSTICUS.
+
+_The fifth Lord Byron_ (Vol. ix., p. 18.).--I believe it to be an
+acknowledged fact, that an old man's memory is generally good of events of
+years past and gone: and as an octogenarian I am not afraid to state that,
+from the discussions on the subject, I feel myself perfectly correct as to
+the main point of my observations (Vol. viii., p. 2.), viz. the error
+committed in the limitation of the ultimate reversion of the estate; but as
+to the secondary point to which MR. WARDEN alludes, I may perhaps be in
+error in placing it on the settlement of the son, inasmuch as the effect
+would be the same if it occurred in the settlement of the father; and MR.
+WARDEN'S observations leave an inference that the mistake may have there
+occurred; as, in such case, if the error had been discovered,--and by any
+altercation the son had refused to correct the mistake, which he could and
+ought to have consented to, after the failure of his own issue,--this
+alone, between two hasty tempers, would have been sufficient cause of
+quarrel, without reference to the question of marrying an own cousin, which
+is often very justly objectionable.
+
+WM. S. HESLEDEN.
+
+_Wapple, or Whapple-way_ (Vol. ix., p. 125.).--This name is common in the
+south, and means a bridle-way, or road in which carriages cannot pass. In
+Sussex these ways are usually short cuts through fields and woods, from one
+road or place to another. (See Halliwell's _Dictionary_, and Cooper's
+_Sussex Glossary_.) The derivation is not given by either writer.
+
+D.
+
+In Manning's _Surrey_, I find not any mention of this term; but apprehend
+it to be a corruption of the Norman-French, _vert plain_, "a green road or
+alley:" which, as our Saxon ancestors pronounced the _v_ as a _w_, easily
+slides into _war plain_ or _warple_. (See Du Cange, _Supp._, _in voce_
+"Plain.")
+
+C. H.
+
+_The Ducking-stool_ (Vol. viii., p.315.).--As late as the year 1824, a
+woman was convicted of being a common scold in the Court of Quarter
+Sessions of Philadelphia County, and sentenced "to be placed in a certain
+instrument of correction called a cucking or ducking-stool," and plunged
+three times into the water; but the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, upon the
+removal of the case by writ of error, decided that this punishment was
+obsolete, and contrary to the spirit of the age.
+
+Our fathers held the ducking-stool in higher respect, as appears from the
+following presentments of the grand juries of Philadelphia, the originals
+of which have been lately discovered. In January, 1717, they say (through
+William Fishbourne, their foreman),--
+
+    "Whereas it has been frequently and often presented by several former
+    grand juries for this city, the necessity of a ducking-stool and house
+    of correction for the just punishment of scolding, drunken women, as
+    well as divers other profligate and unruly persons in this place, who
+    are become a public nuisance and disturbance to this town in general;
+    therefore we, the present grand jury, do earnestly again present the
+    same to this court of quarter sessions for the city, desiring their
+    immediate care, that _those publick conveniences_ may not be any longer
+    delayed, but with all possible speed provided for the detection and
+    quieting such disorderly persons."
+
+Another, the date of which is not given, but which is signed by the same
+foreman, presents "Alsoe that a ducking-stoole be made for publick use,
+being very much wanting for scolding women," &c. And in 1720, another grand
+jury, of which Benjamin Duffield was foreman, say:
+
+    "The Grand Inquest, we taking in consideration the great disorders of
+    the turbulent and ill-behaviour of many people in this city, we present
+    the great necessity of a ducking-stool for such people according to
+    their deserts."
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Double Christian Names_ (Vol. ix., p. 45.).--It is surely not correct to
+say that the earliest instance of two Christian names is in the case of a
+person born in 1635. Surely Henry, Prince of Wales, the son of James I., is
+an earlier instance. Sir Thomas Strand Fairfax was certainly born before
+that date. Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey was probably an earlier instance; and
+Sir Robert Bruce Colton, the antiquary, certainly so. Writing at a distance
+from my books, I can only appeal to memory; but see Southey's _Common-Place
+Book_, vol. i. p. 510. Venables, in his _Travels in Russia_, {233} tells us
+that "a Russian has never more than one Christian name, which must be
+always that of a saint." To these a patronymic is often added of the
+father's name, with the addition _vich_, as in the case of the present
+Czar, Nicholas Paulovich, the son of Paul.
+
+W. DENTON.
+
+Torquay.
+
+_Pedigree to the Time of Alfred_ (Vol. viii., p. 586.).--Some ten or twelve
+years since I was staying at the King's Head Inn, Egham, Surrey (now
+defunct), when a fresh-looking, respectable man was pointed out to one as
+Mr. Wapshot, who had held an estate in the neighbourhood from his ancestors
+prior to the Conquest. He was not represented as a blacksmith, but as
+farming his own estate. I am not connected with Egham or the neighbourhood,
+or I would make farther inquiry.
+
+S. D.
+
+_Palace of Lucifer_ (Vol. v., p. 275.).--If R. T. has not observed it, I
+would refer him to the note in the Aldine edition of Milton, vol. iii. p.
+263., where I find "Luciferi domus" is the palace of the sun (see
+_Prolusiones_, p. 120.); and not, as T. WARTON conjectured, the abode of
+Satan.
+
+I. R. R.
+
+_Monaldeschi_ (Vol. viii., p. 34.).--_Relation du Meurte de Monaldeschi,
+poignarde par ordre de Christine, reine de Suede_, by Father de Bel, is to
+be found in a collection of curious papers printed at Cologne, 1664, in
+12mo. It is given at length in _Cristina's Revenge, and other Poems_, by J.
+M. Moffatt, London, printed for the author, 1821.
+
+E. D.
+
+_Anna Lightfoot_ (Vol. vii., p. 595.).--T. H. H. is referred to an
+elegantly printed pamphlet called _An Historical Fragment relative to her
+late Majesty Queen Caroline_, printed for J. & N. L. Hunt, London, 1824,
+which, from p. 44. to p. 50., contains a very circumstantial account of
+this extraordinary occurrence.
+
+E. D.
+
+_Lode_ (Vol. v., p. 345.).--It would not appear that this word means "an
+artificial watercourse," at least from its use at Tewkesbury, where there
+is still the _Lower Lode_, at which a ferry over the Severn still exists;
+and there was also the _Upper Lode_, until a bridge was erected over the
+river at that place. Will this help to show its proper meaning?
+
+I. R. R.
+
+"_To try and get_" (Vol. ix., p. 76.).--UNEDA inquires the origin of this
+erroneous mode of expression? Doubtless euphony, to avoid the alliteration
+of so many T's: "_t_o _t_he _t_heatre _t_o _t_ry and get," &c. But
+evidently the word _to_ is understood, though not supplied after the word
+_and_. Thus, "to try and (to) get," &c.
+
+CELCRENA.
+
+_Abbott Families_ (Vol. ix. p. 105.).--In reply to MR. ABBOTT'S Query, I
+have a pedigree of Samuel Abbott, born in 1637 or 1638; second son of Wm.
+Abbott of Sudbury, who was born 1603, and who was son to Charles Abbott of
+Hawkden and Sudbury, an alderman, which Charles was son to Wm. Abbott of
+Hawkden. This Samuel married Margaret, daughter to Thomas Spicer. Should
+MR. ABBOTT wish it, I would forward him a copy of the pedigree. I can trace
+no connexion between this family and that of Archbishop Abbott, whose
+father, Maurice Abbott of Guildford, was son of ---- Abbott of Farnham, co.
+Surrey.
+
+I wish especially to know what became of Thomas Abbott, only son of Robert,
+Bishop of Sarum; which Thomas dedicated his father's treatise against
+Bellarmine in 1619 to his uncle the Archbishop, calling himself in the
+preface, "imbellis homuncio." His sister was wife to Sir Nathaniel Brent,
+whose younger son Nathaniel left all his property to his cousin Maurice
+Abbott, of St. Andrew's, Holborn, Gent., in 1688; which Maurice was
+possibly son to Thomas.
+
+G. E. ADAMS.
+
+36. Lincoln's Inn Fields.
+
+"_Mairdil_" (Vol. viii., p. 411.).--Is there any affinity between the word
+_mairdil_, which is used in Forfarshire, to be overcome with fatigue for
+any oppressive or intricate piece of work, and the word _mardel_ or
+_mardle_, which signifies to gossip in Norfolk, as stated by MR. J. L.
+SISSON? What will H. C. K. say to this subject? Jamieson confines _mairdil_
+to an adjective, signifying unwieldy; but I have often heard work-people in
+Forfarshire declare they were "perfectly _mairdiled_" with a piece of heavy
+work, using the word as a passive verb. _Trachled_ has nearly the same
+meaning, but it is chiefly confined to describe fatigue arising from
+walking a long distance.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+_Bell at Rouen_ (Vol. viii., p. 448.).--Your valuable correspondent W.
+SPARROW SIMPSON, B.A., has probably taken his account of the great bell in
+the cathedral at Rouen from a note made before the French Revolution of
+1792-3, because the George d'Ambois, which was once considered the largest
+bell in Europe (it was thirteen feet high, and eleven feet in diameter),
+excepting that at Moscow, shared the destructive fate of many others at
+that eventful period, and was melted down for cannon. In 1814 the bulb of
+its clapper was outside the door of a blacksmith's shop, as you go out of
+the city towards Dieppe. It was pointed out to me by a friend with whom I
+was then travelling--a gentleman of the neighbourhood, who was at Rouen at
+the time it was brought there--and there, if I mistake not, but I cannot
+find my note, I saw it again within the last ten years.
+
+H. T. ELLACOMBE.
+
+Rectory, Clyst St. George.
+
+{234}
+
+_Smiths and Robinsons_ (Vol. ix., p. 148.).--Arms of Smith of Curdley, co.
+Lancaster: Argent, a cheveron sable between three roses gules, barbed, vert
+seeded, or.
+
+Robinson (of Yorkshire): Vert, a cheveron between three roebucks trippant
+or. Crest, a roebuck as in the arms. Motto, "Virtute non verbis."
+
+Robinson of Yorkshire, as borne by Lord Rokeby: Vert, on a cheveron or,
+between three bucks trippant of the last, as many quatrefoils gules. Crest,
+a roebuck trippant or.
+
+CID.
+
+_Churchill's Grave_ (Vol. ix., p. 123.).--If I am not mistaken, there is a
+tablet to the memory of Churchill, with a more lengthy inscription, within
+the church of St. Mary, Dover, towards the western end of the south aisle.
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+Before proceeding to notice any of the books which we have received this
+week, we will call the attention of the publishing world to two important
+works which we know to be now wanting a publisher, namely, I. _A
+Syriac-English Lexicon to the New Testament and Book of Psalms_, arranged
+alphabetically, with the derivatives referred to their proper roots, and a
+companion of the principal words in the cognate languages; and II. _A
+Syriac-English Grammar_, translated and abridged from Hoffman's larger
+work.
+
+Samuel Pepys is the dearest old gossip that ever lived; and every new
+edition of his incomparable Diary will serve but to increase his reputation
+as the especial chronicler of his age. Every page of it abounds not only in
+curious indications of the tone and feelings of the times, and the
+character of the writer, but also in most graphic illustrations of the
+social condition of the country. It is this that renders it a work which
+calls for much careful editing and illustrative annotation, and
+consequently gives to every succeeding edition new value. Well pleased are
+we, therefore, to receive from Lord Braybrooke a fourth edition, revised
+and corrected, of the _Diary and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys_. and well
+pleased to offer our testimony to the great care with which its noble
+editor has executed his duties. Thanks to his good judgment, and to the
+great assistance which he acknowledges to have received from Messrs.
+Holmes, Peter Cunningham, Yeowell, &c., his fourth edition is by far the
+best which has yet appeared, and is the one which must hereafter be
+referred to as the standard one. The Index, too, has been revised and
+enlarged, which adds no little to the value of the book.
+
+Mr. Murray has broken fresh ground in his _British Classics_ by the
+publication of the first volume of Gibbon's _Decline and Fall of the Roman
+Empire, with Notes and Preface by Dean Milman and M. Guizot_, and edited,
+with Notes, by Dr. Smith. If the publisher showed good tact in selecting
+Mr. P. Cunningham for editor of _Goldsmith_, he has shown no less in
+entrusting the editing of his new Gibbon to Dr. Smith, whose various
+Dictionaries point him out as peculiarly fitted for such a task. In such
+well practised hands, therefore, there can be little doubt as to the mode
+in which the labour of editing will be conducted; and a very slight glance
+at the getting up of this first volume will serve to prove that, for a
+library edition of Gibbon, while this is the cheapest it will be also the
+handsomest ever offered to the public.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--Macaulay's _Critical and Historical Essays, People's
+Edition_, Part I. The first issue of an edition of these admirable Essays,
+which will, when completed, cost only Seven Shillings! Can cheapness go
+much lower?--_Adventures in the Wilds of North America_, by Charles Lanman,
+_edited_ by C. R. Wild, forming Parts LV. and LVI. of Longman's
+_Traveller's Library_. These adventures, partly piscatorial, are of
+sufficient interest to justify their publication even without the
+_imprimatur_, which they have received, of so good a critic as Washington
+Irving.--Darling's _Cyclopaedia Bibliographica_, Part XVII., extends from
+Andrew Rivet to William Shepheard.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+LONDON LABOUR AND LONDON POOR. Nos. XLIV. and LXIV. to End of Work.
+
+MRS. GORE'S BANKER'S WIFE.
+
+TALES BY A BARRISTER.
+
+SCHILLER'S WALLENSTEIN, translated by Coleridge. Smith's Classical Library.
+
+GOETHE'S FAUST (English). Smith's Classical Library.
+
+THE CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. London, 1828. 12mo.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+A MEMOIR OF THE LIFE OF JAMES STANLEY, Seventh Earl of Derby, by W. H.
+Whatton, Esq. Published by Fisher, Newgate Street.
+
+HISTORY OF THE WESTMINSTER ELECTION. London, 1794. 1 Vol. 4to.
+
+  Wanted by _G. Cornewall Lewis_, Kent House, Knightsbridge.
+
+A MAP, PLAN, AND REPRESENTATIONS of Interesting and Remarkable places
+connected with ANCIENT LONDON (large size).
+
+A Copy of an early number of "The Times" Newspaper, or of the "Morning
+Chronicle," "Morning Post," or "Morning Herald." The nearer the
+commencement preferred.
+
+Copies or Facsimiles of other Old Newspapers.
+
+A Copy of THE BREECHES or other Old Bible.
+
+  Wanted by _Mr. Joseph Simpson_, Librarian, Literary and Scientific
+      Institution, Islington, London.
+
+PERCY SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS. Nos. XCIII. and XCIV.
+
+  Wanted by _G. J. Hargreaves_, Stretford, near Manchester.
+
+CAMBRIDGE INSTALLATION ODE, 1835, by Chr. Wordsworth. 4to. Edition.
+
+KITCHENER'S ECONOMY OF THE EYES. Part II.
+
+BROWN'S ANECDOTES OF DOGS.
+
+---- ---- ---- OF ANIMALS.
+
+  Wanted by _Fred. Dinsdale_, Esq., Leamington.
+
+{235}
+
+ENQUIRY AFTER HAPPINESS. The Third Part. By Richard Lucas, D.D. Sixth
+Edition. 1734.
+
+  Wanted by _Rev. John James_, Avington Rectory, Hungerford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+M. "Scarborough Warning."--_This expression has been fully explained in
+our_ First Volume, p. 138.
+
+J. C. B., _who writes respecting_ The Gregorian Tones, _is referred to our_
+Sixth Volume, pp. 99. 178., _and our_ Seventh Volume, p. 136.
+
+R. N. (Liverpool). _There are many letters of Charles I. among the MSS. in
+the British Museum. We do not know where the Cabinet taken at Naseby is
+preserved._
+
+OXON. Entire, _as applied to beer, signifies that it is drawn entirely from
+one butt. Formerly the favourite beer was a mixture of ale or beer and
+twopenny, until a brewer named Harwood produced a beer with the same
+flavour, which he called_ entire _or_ entire butt.
+
+G. W. T. _Old Rowley was the name of a celebrated stallion belonging to
+Charles II._
+
+C. H. N., _who writes respecting_ Royal Arms in Churches, _is referred to
+our_ Sixth Volume passim.
+
+TOM TELL-TALE _is thanked. We are in possession of information respecting
+the drawings in question; but shall be glad to know of any other
+purchasers._
+
+CAVEAT EMPTOR. _We have lately seen a curious pseudo-letter of Cromwell,
+the history of which we may perhaps lay before our readers._
+
+FRANCIS BEAUFORT. _The copy of the_ Biblia Sacra Latina _to which our
+Correspondent refers, is now in the possession of Mr. Brown, bookseller,
+130. Old Street_.
+
+J. O. _We have forwarded the book you so kindly sent to the gentleman for
+whom you intended it._
+
+COMUS _may have a copy of the_ Epitome of Locke _on applying to Mr. Olive
+Lasbury, bookseller, Bristol_.
+
+HUGH HENDERSON (Glasgow). _The fault must be in the quality of your
+pyrogallic. You need have no difficulty in obtaining it pure of some of the
+photographic chemists, and whose advertisements appear in our columns._
+
+A. F. G. (March 1st.). _All papers for photographic purposes improve by
+keeping. When you have thoroughly satisfied yourself of the goodness of a
+sample, secure all you can; it will repay you well by time. Consult our
+advertising columns for your market, which we prefer not to indicate._
+
+_Errata._--Vol. ix., p. 75., col. 1. 9th line, for "previous" read
+"precious"; p. 136., col. 1. line 3, for "carre" read "cane;" p. 200., col.
+1. 12th line from bottom, for "Richard I." read "Henry I."
+
+OUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d.,
+cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up,
+price 4l. 4s.--For these early application is desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS.--A retired Clergyman having been restored to health
+in a few days, after many years of great nervous suffering, is anxious to
+make known to others the MEANS of a CURE; will therefore send free, on
+receiving a stamped envelope, properly addressed, a copy of the
+prescription used.
+
+Direct the REV. E. DOUGLASS, 18. Holland Street, Brixton, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square
+(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
+Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these
+pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,
+signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the
+undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined
+the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great
+pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears
+to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a
+richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while
+the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the
+library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.
+Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E.
+F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.
+Hasse, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.
+Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
+Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry
+Phillips, F. Praegar, K. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, R.
+Roekel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
+
+D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads,
+in iron, brass, japanned wood, polished birch, mahogany, rosewood, and
+walnut-tree woods; also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and
+Quilts.
+
+HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.
+
+THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental
+Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
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+    (small size)                            3  3  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (larger size)                           5  5  0
+
+Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed
+and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,
+Churches, &c., taken at a short notice.
+
+Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.
+
+Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
+168. New Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARUNDEL SOCIETY.--The Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3), consisting
+of Eight Wood Engravings by MESSRS. DALZIEL, from Mr. W. Oliver Williams'
+Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos at PADUA, is now ready: and Members who
+have not paid their Subscriptions are requested to forward them to the
+Treasurer by Post-Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross Office.
+
+          JOHN J. ROGERS,
+              Treasurer and Hon. Sec.
+  13. & 14. Pall Mall East.
+      March, 1854.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PEOPLE'S EDITION of the ILLUSTRATED HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Invasion
+of Julius Caesar to the Accession of Queen Victoria. By HUME, SMOLLETT, and
+HUGHES. With Copious Notes, the Author's last Corrections, Improvements,
+and Enlargement. Also Historical Illustrations, Autographs, and Portraits.
+To be published in crown 8vo., Weekly, in Seventy-two Parts, at One
+Shilling each: and in Monthly Volumes, price Four Shillings, bound in
+cloth.
+
+The Publication will commence on the 3rd of April, and be continued
+regularly until the Work is completed.
+
+In accordance with the universal desire of obtaining the best books at the
+cheapest possible price, the Historical Works of HUME, SMOLLETT, and
+HUGHES, are now submitted to the public: it being the object of the
+Publisher to place within the reach of all classes of readers, in a
+succession of weekly parts and monthly volumes, a more complete HISTORY OF
+ENGLAND than any extant.
+
+The eventful period in the annals of Britain which has elapsed since the
+age of Smollett, whose volumes close with the reign of George the Second,
+demands a faithful and impartial record; and this portion of our National
+History, continued by the REV. T. S. HUGHES, late Christian Advocate at
+Cambridge, will be printed from the corrected text of the third octavo
+edition, which was almost entirely rewritten.
+
+The additional volumes, containing a narrative of important events,
+commence with the accession of George the Third, and will be continued to
+the accession of Queen Victoria.
+
+The Work will be completed in eighteen volumes, and embellished with
+numerous Engravings on Steel, entirely re-engraved for this Edition,
+comprising a selection of historical illustrations from Bowyer's History of
+England, and from paintings by the most eminent masters, with portraits of
+all the sovereigns from the Norman Conquest, according to the costume of
+the different ages, and authentic facsimiles of their autographs.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SURPLICES.
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire, has prepared his usual large Supply
+of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of EASTER.
+
+PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway Stations.
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+       *       *       *       *       *
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+
+{236}
+
+COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
+by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and
+uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
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+in the hands of the photographer.
+
+Albumenised paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
+minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
+
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+
+Instruction in the Processes.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative
+Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+*** Catalogues sent on application.
+
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+
+
+THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
+of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
+to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
+employed by
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL & MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte
+Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body
+Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS,
+Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the Photographic Institution, Bond Street:
+and at the Manufactory as above, where every description of Cameras,
+Slides, and Tripods may be had. The Trade supplied.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 189. Strand, have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
+Post. 1s. 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on
+receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 15. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF SAFES AND LOCKS.--These safes are the most secure from
+force, fraud, and fire. Chubb's locks, with all the recent improvements,
+cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Complete lists, with prices, will be sent
+on application.
+
+CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;
+16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE by MODERATE PREMIUMS.
+
+The SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT of the SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION (the only
+Society in which the advantages of Mutual Assurance can be secured by
+Moderate Premiums) is now Published, and may be had free, on application.
+
+THE RESULTS OF BUSINESS EFFECTED IN 1853 ARE:--
+
+  1. Number of proposals accepted                   716
+
+  2. Amount of new assurances exclusive
+  of annuities                           L309,393  0  0
+                                          -------------
+  3. Amount of annual premiums
+  on new assurances                        L8,038 12  5
+
+  4. Amount of single payments on
+  ditto                                    10,729  2  8
+                                           ------------
+  -------- New premiums received
+  during the year                        L18,767  15  1
+                                         --------------
+  5. Amount of claims by death
+  during the year                         L23,526  5  0
+                                          -------------
+  6. Addition to realised fund, arising
+  entirely from accumulated
+  premiums during the
+  year                                    L50,459  0  0
+                                           ------------
+
+BIENNIAL PROGRESS OF BUSINESS DURING THE LAST TEN YEARS.
+
+           |   Number     |   Amount of   | Accumulated
+  In       |   of New     |      New      | Fund at End
+  Years.   |  Policies.   |   Assurances  | of Period.
+  ---------+--------------+---------------+-------------
+           |              |     L         |      L
+  1844-45  |    658       |  281,082      |   69,009
+  1846-47  |    888       |  404,734      |   95,705
+  1848-49  |    907       |  410,933      |  131,406
+  1850-51  |   1378       |  535,137      |  207,803
+  1852-53  |   1269       |  587,118      |  305,134
+
+MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE.
+
+THE SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION combines the advantage of Participation
+in the whole Profits with moderate Premiums.
+
+The premiums are as low as those of the non-participating scale of the
+proprietary companies. They admit of being so not only with safety, but
+with ample reversion of profits to the policy-holders, being free from the
+burden of payment of dividend to shareholders.
+
+At the first division of surplus in the present year, bonus additions were
+made to policies which had come within the participating class, varying
+from 20 to 54 per cent. on their amount.
+
+In all points of practice--as in the provision for the indefeasibility of
+policies, facility of licence for travelling or residence abroad, and of
+obtaining advances on the value of the policies--the regulations of the
+Society, as well as the administration, are as liberal as is consistent
+with right principle.
+
+Policies now issued free of stamp duty.
+
+Copies of the last annual report, containing full explanations of the
+principles, may be had on application to the Head Office in Edinburgh; of
+the Society's Provincial Agent: or of the Resident Secretary, London
+Branch.
+
+  JAMES WATSON, Manager.
+  GEORGE GRANT, Resident Secretary.
+
+London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.
+
+The London Branch will be removed on 25th March to the Society's New
+Premises, 66. Gracechurch Street, corner of Fenchurch Street, City.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold. 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       L   s.  d. | Age       L   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8
+   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6
+   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, March 11,
+1854.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 228, March
+11, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAR 11, 1854 ***
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