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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 80, May 10, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: May 23, 2010 [EBook #32495] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 361 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page361"></a>{361}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 80.</b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, May 10. 1851.</span></b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Threepence<br />Stamped Edition 4<i>d.</i></b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p>CONTENTS.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Great Exhibition, Notes and Queries, and Chaucer's Prophetic + View of the Crystal Palace</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page361">361</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>On "The Lay of the Last Minstrel"</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page364">364</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Poems discovered among the Papers of Sir Kenelm Digby</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page367">367</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Folk-Lore:—The Christmas + Thorn—Milk-maids—Disease cured by Sheep—Sacramental + Wine—"Nettle in Dock out"</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page367">367</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Metropolitan Improvements, by R. J. King</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page368">368</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Minor Notes:—Meaning of Luncheon—Charade upon Nothing + translated—Giving the Lie—Anachronisms of + Painters—Spenser's Faerie Queene—Prayer of Mary Queen of + Scots—A small Instance of Warren Hastings' + Magnanimity—Richard Baxter—Registry of Dissenting + Baptisms in Churches</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page369">369</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes and Queries relating to Scandinavia, by W. E. C. Nourse</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page370">370</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Rotation of the Earth, by Robert Snow</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page371">371</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Minor Queries:—William ap Jevan's + Descendants—"Geographers on Afric's Downs"—Irish + Brigade—Passage in Oldham—Mont-de-Piété—Poem upon + the Grave—When self-striking Clocks first + invented—Clarkson's Richmond—Sir Francis Windebank's + elder Son—Incised Slab—Etymology of Balsall—St. + Olave's Churches—Sabbatical and Jubilee Years of the + Jews—Arms of the Isle of Man—Doctrine of the + Resurrection—National Debts—Leicester's Commonwealth</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page372">372</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Histoire des Sévarambes</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page374">374</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Was there an "Outer Temple" in the Possession of the Knights + Templars or Knights of St. John? by Peter Cunningham</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page375">375</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Obeism, by H. H. Breen</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page376">376</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>San Marino</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page376">376</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Bellman and his History, by C. H. Cooper</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page377">377</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Replies to Minor Queries:—"God takes those soonest," + &c.—Disinterment for Heresy—The Vellum-bound + Junius—Pursuits of Literature—Dutch + Books—Engilbert, Archbishop of Treves—Charles Lamb's + Epitaph—Charles II. in Wales—"Ex Pede + Herculem"—God's Acre—Abbot Eustacius—Vox Populi Vox + Dei—Francis Moore and his Almanack</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page377">377</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page381">381</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page382">382</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page382">382</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page382">382</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>THE GREAT EXHIBITION, NOTES AND QUERIES, AND +CHAUCER'S PROPHETIC VIEW OF THE CRYSTAL PALACE.</h3> + + <p>The first of May, eighteen hundred and fifty-one, will be remembered + in the Calendar for centuries after those who witnessed its glories shall + have passed away. Its memory will endure with our language; and the + Macaulays and Hallams of the time to come will add brilliancy to their + pages by recounting the gorgeous yet touching ceremonial of this great + Apotheosis of Peace. Peace has occasionally received some foretaste of + that day's glory; but only at times, when the sense of its value had been + purchased by the horrors which accompany even the most glorious warfare. + But never until the reign of Victoria were its blessings thus recognised + and thus celebrated, after they had been uninterruptedly enjoyed for + upwards of a quarter of a century. Who then, among the thousands + assembled around our Sovereign in that eventful scene, but felt his joy + heightened by gratitude, that his lot had been cast in these happy + days.</p> + + <p>It was a proud day for Queen Victoria, for her Illustrious Consort, + for all who had had "art or part" in the great work so happily conceived, + so admirably executed. And we would add (even at the risk of reminding + our readers of Dennis' energetic claim, "That's my Thunder!") that it was + also a proud day for all who, like ourselves, desire to promote + intercommunication between men of the same pursuits,—to bring them + together in a spirit, not of envious rivalry, but of generous + emulation,—to make their powers, faculties, and genius subservient + to the common welfare of mankind. In our humble way we have striven + earnestly to perform our share in this great mission; and although in the + Crystal Palace cottons may take the place of comments, steam-engines of + Shakspeare, the palpable creations of the sculptor of the super-sensual + imaginings of the poet, the real of the ideal,—still the <span + class="scac">GREAT EXHIBITION OF THE INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS</span> is, + in more senses than one, merely a <span class="scac">MONSTER NUMBER + OF</span> "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>." So palpable, + indeed, is this similarity, that, if the long-talked-of <i>Order of Civil + Merit</i> should be instituted, (and certainly there was never a more + fitting moment than the present for so honouring the cultivators of the + peaceful arts), we make no doubt that "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>" will not be forgotten. Should our prophecy be fulfilled, + we need scarcely remind our readers of Captain Cuttle's injunction and + our Motto. <!-- Page 362 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page362"></a>{362}</span></p> + + <p>And here, talking of prophecy, we would, first reminding our readers + how, in the olden time, the Poet and the Prophet were looked upon as + identical, call their attention to the following vision of our Queen in + her Crystal Palace, which met the eye when in "fine phrensy rolling" of + the Father of English Poetry, as he has recorded in his <i>House of + Fame</i>. Had Chaucer attended the opening of the Exhibition as "<i>Our + own Reporter</i>," could his description have been more exact?</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2"><span class="scac">THE TEMPLE Y-MADE OF GLAS.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p><i>A Prevision by Dan Chaucer</i>, <span class="scac">A.D.</span> 1380.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Now hearken every manir man</p> + <p>That English understandè can,</p> + <p>And listeth to my dreme to here,</p> + <p>For nowe at erst shall ye lere:</p> + <p>O thought, that wrote al that I met</p> + <p>And in the tresorie it set</p> + <p>Of my braine, nowe shall men see</p> + <p>If any vertue in thee bee</p> + <p>To tellen al my dreme aright</p> + <p>Nowe kithe thy engine and thy might!</p> + <p> * * * * * * </p> + <p class="i1">But, as I slept, me mette I was</p> + <p>Within a temple ymade of glas,</p> + <p>In which there were mo images</p> + <p>Of gold, standing in sundry stages,</p> + <p>Sette in mo rich tabernacles,</p> + <p>And with perrie mo pinnacles,</p> + <p>And mo curious portraitures,</p> + <p>And queint manner of figures</p> + <p>Of gold worke, than I saw ever.</p> + <p class="i1">But all the men that been on live</p> + <p>Ne han the conning to descrive</p> + <p>The beaute of that ilke place,</p> + <p>Ne couden casten no compace</p> + <p>Soch another for to make,</p> + <p>That might of beauty be his make;</p> + <p>Ne so wonderly ywrought,</p> + <p>That it astonieth yet my thought,</p> + <p>And maketh all my witte to swinke</p> + <p>On this castel for to thinke,</p> + <p>So that the wondir great beautie</p> + <p>Caste, crafte, and curiositie,</p> + <p>Ne can I not to you devise,</p> + <p>My witte ne may not me suffise;</p> + <p>But nathelesse all the substaunce</p> + <p>I have yet in my remembraunce,</p> + <p>For why? Me thoughtin, by saint Gile,</p> + <p>All was of stone of berile,</p> + <p>Bothe the castel and the toure,</p> + <p>And eke the hall, and every boure;</p> + <p>Without peeces or joynings,</p> + <p>But many subtell compassings,</p> + <p>As barbicans and pinnacles,</p> + <p>Imageries and tabernacles;</p> + <p>I saw, and ful eke of windowes</p> + <p>As flakes fallen in great snowes;</p> + <p>And eke in each of the pinnacles</p> + <p>Weren sundry habitacles.</p> + <p class="i1">When I had seene all this sight</p> + <p>In this noble temple thus,</p> + <p>Hey, Lord, thought I, that madest us,</p> + <p>Yet never saw I such noblesse</p> + <p>Of images, nor such richesse</p> + <p>As I see graven in this church,</p> + <p>But nought wote I who did them worche,</p> + <p class="i1">Yet certaine as I further passe,</p> + <p>I wol you all the shape devise.</p> + <p>Yet I ententive was to see,</p> + <p>And for to poren wondre low,</p> + <p>If I could anywise yknow</p> + <p>What manner stone this castel was:</p> + <p>For it was like a limed glas,</p> + <p>But that it shone full more clere,</p> + <p>But of what congeled matere</p> + <p>It was, I n' iste redely,</p> + <p>But at the last espied I,</p> + <p>And found that it was every dele</p> + <p>A thing of yse and not of stele:</p> + <p>Thought I, "<i>By Saint Thomas of Kent,</i></p> + <p><i>This were a feeble foundement</i></p> + <p><i>To builden on a place so hie;</i></p> + <p><i>He ought him little to glorifie</i></p> + <p><i>That hereon bilte, God so me save.</i>"</p> + <p class="i1">But, Lord, so faire it was to shewe,</p> + <p>For it was all with gold behewe:</p> + <p>Lo, how should I now tell all this,</p> + <p>Ne of the hall eke what need is?</p> + <p>But in I went, and that anone,</p> + <p>There met I crying many one</p> + <p>"A larges, a larges, hold up well!</p> + <p>God save the Lady of this pell!</p> + <p>Our owne gentill Lady Fame</p> + <p>And hem that willen to have a name."</p> + <p>For in this lustie and rich place</p> + <p>All on hie above a deis</p> + <p>Satte in a see imperiall</p> + <p>That made was of rubie royall</p> + <p>A feminine creature</p> + <p>That never formed by nature</p> + <p>Was soche another one I saie:</p> + <p>For alderfirst, soth to saie,</p> + <p>Me thought that she was so lite</p> + <p>That the length of a cubite</p> + <p>Was lenger than she seemed to be;</p> + <p> * * * * * * </p> + <p>Tho was I ware at the last</p> + <p>As mine eyen gan up cast</p> + <p>That this ilke noble queene</p> + <p>On her shoulders gan sustene</p> + <p>Both the armes and the name</p> + <p>Of tho that had large fame.</p> + <p class="i1">And thus found I sitting this goddesse</p> + <p>In noble honour and richesse</p> + <p>Of which I stinte a while now</p> + <p>Other thing to tellen you.</p> +<!-- Page 363 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page363"></a>{363}</span> + <p class="i1">But Lord the perrie and the richesse,</p> + <p>I saw sitting on the goddesse,</p> + <p>And the heavenly melodie</p> + <p>Of songes full of armonie</p> + <p>I heard about her trone ysong</p> + <p>That all the palais wall rong.</p> + <p class="i1">Tho saw I standen hem behind</p> + <p>A farre from hem, all by hemselve</p> + <p>Many a thousand times twelve,</p> + <p>That made loud minstralcies,</p> + <p>In conemuse and shalmies,</p> + <p>And many another pipe,</p> + <p>That craftely began to pipe.</p> + <p>And Pursevauntes and Heraudes</p> + <p>That crien riche folkes laudes,</p> + <p>It weren, all and every man</p> + <p>Of hem, as I you tellen can,</p> + <p>Had on him throwe a vesture</p> + <p>Which men clepe a coate armure.</p> + <p class="i1">Then saw I in anothir place,</p> + <p>Standing in a large space,</p> + <p>Of hem that maken bloudy soun,</p> + <p>In trumpet, beme, and clarioun.</p> + <p class="i1">Then saw I stande on thother side</p> + <p>Streight downe to the doores wide,</p> + <p>From the deis many a pillere</p> + <p>Of metall, that shone not full clere,</p> + <p>But though ther were of no richesse</p> + <p>Yet were they made for great noblesse.</p> + <p class="i1">There saw I, and knew by name</p> + <p>That by such art done, men have fame.</p> + <p class="i1">There saw I Coll Tragetour</p> + <p>Upon a table of sicamour</p> + <p>Play an uncouth thing to tell,</p> + <p>I saw him carry a wind-mell</p> + <p>Under a walnote shale.</p> + <p class="i1">Then saw I sitting in other sees,</p> + <p>Playing upon sundrie other glees,</p> + <p>Of which I n' ill as now not rime,</p> + <p>For ease of you and losse of time,</p> + <p>For time ylost, this know ye,</p> + <p>By no way may recovered be.</p> + <p class="i1">What should I make longer tale?</p> + <p>Of all the people that I sey</p> + <p>I could not tell till domisdey.</p> + <p class="i1">Then gan I loke about and see</p> + <p>That there came entring into the hall</p> + <p>A right great company withall,</p> + <p>And that of sondry regions</p> + <p>Of all kind of condicions</p> + <p>That dwelle in yearth under the Moone,</p> + <p>Poore and riche; and all so soone</p> + <p>As they were come into the hall</p> + <p>They gan on knees doune to fall</p> + <p>Before this ilke noble queene.</p> + <p>"<i>Madame,</i>" sayd they, "<i>we bee</i></p> + <p><i>Folke that here besechen thee</i></p> + <p><i>That thou graunt us now good fame,</i></p> + <p><i>And let our workes have good name;</i></p> + <p><i>In full recompensacioun</i></p> + <p><i>Of good worke, give us good renoun.</i>"</p> + <p class="i1">And some of hem she graunted sone,</p> + <p class="i1">And some she warned well and faire,</p> + <p class="i1">And some she graunted the <i>contraire</i>.</p> + <p>Now certainly I ne wist how,</p> + <p>Ne where that Fame dwelled or now,</p> + <p>Ne eke of her descripcion,</p> + <p>Ne also her condicion,</p> + <p>Ne the order of her <i>dome</i></p> + <p>Knew I not till I hider come.</p> + <p> * * * * * * </p> + <p class="i1">At the last I saw a man,</p> + <p>Which that I nought ne can,</p> + <p>But he semed for to bee,</p> + <p>A man of great auctoritie</p> + <p class="i1">And therewithall I abraide,</p> + <p>Out of my slepe halfe afraide,</p> + <p>Remembring well what I had sene,</p> + <p>And how hie and farre I had bene</p> + <p>In my gost, and had great wonder</p> + <p>Of that the God of thonder</p> + <p>Had let me knowen, and began to write</p> + <p>Like as you have herd me endite,</p> + <p>Wherefore to study and rede alway,</p> + <p>I purpose to do day by day.</p> + <p class="i1">Thus in dreaming and in game,</p> + <p>Endeth this litell booke of Fame.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>We are indebted for this interesting communication to our + correspondent A. E. B., whose admirable <span class="sc">Illustrations of + Chaucer</span> in our columns have given so much pleasure to the admirers + of the old poet. Our correspondent has sent it to us in the hope that it + may be made available in helping forward the good work of restoring + Chaucer's tomb. We trust it will. The Committee who have undertaken that + task could, doubtless, raise the hundred pounds required, by asking those + who have already come forward to help them, to change their Crown + subscriptions into Pounds. With a right feeling for what is due to the + poet, they prefer, however, accomplishing the end they have in view by + small contributions from the admiring many, rather than by larger + contributions from the few. As we doubt not we number among the readers + of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" many admirers of</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2hg3">"Old Dan Chaucer, in whose gentle spright,</p> + <p>The pure well-head of poetry did dwell,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>to them we appeal, that the monument which was erected by the + affectionate respect of Nicholas Brigham, nearly three centuries ago, may + not in our time be permitted to crumble into dust; reminding them, in + Chaucer's own beautiful language,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"That they are gentle who do gentle dedes."</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 364 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page364"></a>{364}</span></p> + +<h2>NOTES.</h2> + +<h3>ON "THE LAY OF THE LAST MINSTREL."</h3> + + <p>I resume the subject commenced in the comments on "a Passage in + <i>Marmion</i>," printed in No. 72., March 15, 1851; and I here propose + to consider the groundwork and mechanism of the most original, though not + quite the first production of Scott's muse, <i>The Lay of the Last + Minstrel</i>. In the Introduction prefixed to this poem, nearly thirty + years after its publication, Sir Walter Scott informs the world that the + young Countess of Dalkeith, much interested and delighted with the wild + Border tradition of the goblin called "Gilpin Horner" (which is given at + length in the notes appended to the poem), enjoined on him the task of + composing a ballad on the subject:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"And thus" (says Sir Walter) "the goblin story <i>objected to by + several critics as an excrescence upon the poem</i>, was, in fact, the + occasion of its being written."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Yes, and more than this; for, strange as it may appear to those who + have not critically and minutely attempted to unravel the very artful and + complicated plot of this singular poem, the Goblin Page is, as it were, + the key-note to the whole composition, the agent through whose + instrumentality the fortunes of the house of Branksome are built up anew + by the pacification of ancient feud, and the union of the fair Margaret + with Henry of Cranstoun. Yet, so deeply veiled is the plot, and so + intricately contrived the machinery, that I question if this fact be + apparent to one reader out of a thousand; and assuredly it has never been + presented to my view by any one of the critics with whose comments I have + become acquainted.</p> + + <p>The Aristarchus of the <i>Edinburgh Review</i>, Mr. Jeffrey, who + forsooth thought fit to regard the new and original creations of a mighty + and inventive genius "as a misapplication, in some degree, of very + extraordinary talents," and "conceived it his duty to make one strong + effort to bring back <i>the great apostle of this (literary) heresy to + the wholesome creed of his instructor</i>," seems not to have penetrated + one inch below the surface. In his opinion "the Goblin Page is the + capital deformity of the poem," "<i>a perpetual burden</i> to the poet + and to the readers," "an undignified and improbable fiction, which + excites neither terror, admiration, nor astonishment, but needlessly + debases the strain of the whole work, and excites at once our incredulity + and contempt."</p> + + <p>Perhaps so, to the purblind vision of a pedantic formalist; but, + nevertheless, <i>The Lay of the Last Minstrel</i>, that poem, whose + varied imagery and vivid originality, combined with all its other + beauties, have been, and ever will be, the delight and admiration of its + readers, could not exist without this so-called "capital deformity." This + I shall undertake to demonstrate, and in so doing to prove the "capital + absurdity" of such criticism as I have cited.</p> + + <p>Let us therefore begin with the beginning. The widowed Lady of + Branksome, brooding over the outrage which had deprived her husband of + life, meditates only vengeance upon all the parties concerned in this + affray. The lovely Lady Margaret wept in wild despair, for her lover had + stood in arms against her father's clan:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And well she knew, her mother dread,</p> + <p>Before Lord Cranstoun she should wed,</p> + <p>Would see her on her dying bed."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The first Canto of the poem contains that singular episode, + when—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"(The Ladye) sits in secret bower</p> + <p>In old Lord David's western tower,</p> + <p>And listens to a heavy sound</p> + <p>That moans the mossy turrets round," &c.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"From the sound of Teviot's tide</p> + <p>Chafing with the mountain side,</p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> + <p class="i1">The Ladye knew it well!</p> + <p>It was the Spirit of the Flood that spoke,</p> + <p class="i1">And he called on the Spirit of the Fell."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And when the River Spirit asks concerning the fair Margaret, who had + mingled her tears with his stream:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"What shall be the maiden's fate?</p> + <p>Who shall be the maiden's mate?"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>the Mountain Spirit replies, that, amid the clouds and mist which veil + the stars,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Ill may I read their high decree:</p> + <p>But no kind influence deign they shower</p> + <p>On Teviot's tide and Branksome's tower,</p> + <p class="i1">Till <i>pride be quelled</i>, and <i>love be free</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I must here transcribe the following Section xviii.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The unearthly voices ceased,</p> + <p class="i1">And the heavy sound was still;</p> + <p>It died on the river's breast,</p> + <p class="i1">It died on the side of the hill.</p> + <p>But round Lord David's tower,</p> + <p class="i1">The sound still floated near,</p> + <p>For it rung in the Ladye's bower,</p> + <p class="i1">And it rung in the Ladye's ear,</p> + <p>She raised her stately head,</p> + <p class="i1">And her heart throbbed high with pride:</p> + <p class="hg1">'Your mountains shall bend,</p> + <p>And your streams ascend,</p> + <p class="i1">Ere Margaret be our foeman's bride!'"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>In pursuance of this stern resolution, "the Ladye sought the lofty + hall" where her retainers were assembled:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And from amid the armed train</p> + <p>She called to her William of Deloraine."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>She then gives him the commission, well remembered by every reader, to + proceed on that night to Melrose Abbey to unclose the grave of Michael + <!-- Page 365 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page365"></a>{365}</span>Scott, and to rifle it of the magical + volume which was accessible only on St. Michael's night, at the precise + moment when the rays of the moon should throw the reflexion of the red + cross emblazoned in the eastern oriel upon the wizard's monumental + stone,—expecting that the possession of this "Book of Might" would + enable her to direct the destiny of her daughter according to the + dictates of her own imperious nature. "Dîs aliter visum." Fate and <span + class="sc">Michael Scott</span> had willed it otherwise. And here I must + beg my readers to take notice that this far-famed wizard, Michael Scott, + although dead and buried, is supposed still to exert his influence from + the world of spirits as the guardian genius of the house of Buccleuch; + and he had been beforehand with the Ladye of Branksome in providing Henry + of Cranstoun with one of his familiar spirits, in the shape of the Goblin + Page, <i>by whose agency alone</i> (however unconscious the subordinate + agent may be) a chain of events is linked together which results in the + union of the two lovers. After this parenthesis I resume the thread of + the narrative.</p> + + <p>Deloraine rides to Melrose in the night, presents himself to the Monk + of St. Mary's aisle, opens the sepulchre of the wizard, and presumes to + take</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"From the cold hand the Mighty Book,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>in spite of the <i>ominous frown</i> which darkened the countenance of + the dead. He remounts his steed and wends his way homeward</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6hg3">"As the dawn of day</p> + <p>Began to brighten Cheviot gray;"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>while the aged monk, having performed the last duty allotted to him in + his earthly pilgrimage, retired to his cell and breathed his last in + prayer and penitence before the cross.</p> + + <p>Ere Deloraine could reach his journey's end, he encounters a feudal + foeman in the person of Lord Cranstoun, attended by his Goblin Page, who + is here first introduced to the reader. A conflict takes place, and + Deloraine being struck down wounded and senseless, is left by his + adversary to the charge of this elf, who in stripping off his corslet + espied the "Mighty Book." With the curiosity of an imp he opens the + iron-clasped volume by smearing the cover with the blood of the knight, + and reads <span class="scac">ONE SPELL</span>, <i>and one alone, by + permission</i>; for</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"He had not read another spell,</p> + <p>When on his cheek a buffet fell,</p> + <p>So fierce, it stretched him on the plain</p> + <p>Beside the wounded Deloraine.</p> + <p>From the ground he rose dismayed,</p> + <p>And shook his huge and matted head;</p> + <p>One word he muttered, and no more,</p> + <p class="hg1">'Man of age, thou smitest sore!'</p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> + <p>Now, if you ask who gave the stroke,</p> + <p>I cannot tell, so mot I thrive—</p> + <p><i>It was not given by man alive.</i>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>But he had read sufficient for the purposes of his mission, and we + shall see how he applies the knowledge so marvellously acquired.</p> + + <p>By the glamour of this spell he was empowered to make one thing assume + the form of another.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"It had much of glamour might,</p> + <p>Could make a ladye seem a knight;</p> + <p>The cobwebs on a dungeon wall,</p> + <p>Seem tapestry in a lordly hall,"</p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The first use he makes of his power is to convey the wounded knight, + laid across his weary horse, into Branksome Hall</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Before the beards of the warders all;</p> + <p>And each did after swear and say,</p> + <p>There only passed a wain of hay."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Having deposited him at the door of the Ladye's bower, he repasses the + outer court, and finding the young chief at play, entices him into the + woods under the guise <i>to him</i> of a "comrade gay."</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Though on the drawbridge, the warders stout,</p> + <p>Saw a terrier and a lurcher passing out;"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>and, leading him far away "o'er bank and fell," well nigh frightens + the fair boy to death by resuming his own elvish shape.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Could he have had his pleasure wilde,</p> + <p>He had crippled the joints of the noble child;</p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> + <p>But his awful mother he had in dread,</p> + <p><i>And also his power was limited</i>,"</p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Here let me observe that all this contrivance is essential to the + conduct of the narrative, and if we simply grant the postulate which a + legendary minstrel has a right to demand, to wit, the potency of magic + spells to effect such delusions (pictoribus atque Poetis <i>Quidlibet + audendi</i> semper fuit æqua potestas), all the remainder of the + narrative is easy, natural, and probable. This contrivance is necessary, + because, in the first place, if it had been known to the warders that + William of Deloraine had been brought into the castle wounded almost unto + death, he could not be supposed capable of engaging Richard Musgrave in + single combat two days afterwards; nor, in the second place, would the + young chief have been permitted to stroll out unattended from the guarded + precincts.</p> + + <p>To proceed: the boy thus bewildered in the forest falls into the lands + of an English forayer, and is by him conveyed to Lord Dacre, at that time + one of the Wardens of the Marches, by whom he is detained as a hostage, + and carried along with the English troops, then advancing towards + Branksome under the command of the Lord Wardens in person.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"(But) though the child was led away,</p> + <p>In Branksome still he seemed to stay,</p> + <p>For so the Dwarf his part did play."</p> + </div> + </div> + +<p><!-- Page 366 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page366"></a>{366}</span></p> + + <p>And there, according to his own malicious nature, played likewise a + score of monkey tricks, all of which, grotesque and "<i>undignified</i>"! + as they may be, yet most ingeniously divert the mind of the reader from + the real errand and mission of this supernatural being.</p> + + <p>Shortly afterwards, on his exhibiting symptoms of cowardice at the + expected contest, he is conveyed from the castle by the Ladye's order, + and speedily rejoins his lord, after the infliction of a severe + chastisement from the arm of Wat Tinlinn. He then procures Cranstoun's + admission within the walls of Branksome (where the whole clan Scott was + assembling at the tidings of the English Raid) by the same + spell—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Which to his lord he did impart,</p> + <p>And made him seem, by glamour art,</p> + <p class="i1">A knight from hermitage."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And on the following day, as Deloraine did not appear in the lists + ready to engage in the appointed duel with Richard Musgrave, we are + told,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Meantime, full anxious was the Dame,</p> + <p>For now arose disputed claim,</p> + <p>Of who should fight for Deloraine,</p> + <p class="hg1">'Twixt Harden and 'twixt Thirtlestaine,</p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> + <p>But yet, not long the strife—for, lo!</p> + <p>Himself the Knight of Deloraine,</p> + <p>Strong, as it seemed, and free from pain,</p> + <p class="i1">In armour sheathed from top to toe,</p> + <p>Appeared, and craved the combat due;</p> + <p>The Dame her charm successful knew,</p> + <p>And the fierce chiefs their claims withdrew."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The conflict takes place, and ends in favour of the Scottish knight; + when the following scene occurs:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"As if exhausted in the fight,</p> + <p>Or musing o'er the piteous sight,</p> + <p class="i1">The silent victor stands:</p> + <p>His beaver did he not unclasp,</p> + <p>Marked not the shouts, felt not the grasp</p> + <p class="i1">Of gratulating hands.</p> + <p>When lo! strange cries of wild surprise,</p> + <p>Mingled with seeming terror rise</p> + <p class="i1">Among the Scottish bands,</p> + <p>And all, amid the thronged array,</p> + <p>In panic haste gave open way</p> + <p>To a half-naked ghastly man,</p> + <p>Who downward from the castle ran;</p> + <p>He crossed the barriers at a bound,</p> + <p class="i1">And wild and haggard looked around,</p> + <p class="i2">As dizzy, and in pain;</p> + <p class="i1">And all, upon the armed ground</p> + <p class="i2">Knew William of <span class="correction" title="Original reads `Delorane'.">Deloraine</span>!</p> + <p>Each ladye sprung from seat with speed,</p> + <p>Vaulted each marshal from his steed;</p> + <p class="i1hg1">'And who art thou,' they cried,</p> + <p class="hg1">'Who hast this battle fought and won?'</p> + <p>His plumed helm was soon undone—</p> + <p class="i1hg1">'Cranstoun of Teviotside!</p> + <p>For this fair prize I've fought and won,'</p> + <p>And to the Ladye led her son."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Then is described the struggle that takes place in the maternal + breast:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"And how the clan united prayed</p> + <p class="i1">The Ladye would the feud forego,</p> + <p>And deign to bless the nuptial hour</p> + <p>Of Cranstoun's Lord and Teviot's Flower.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><span class="scac">XXVI.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"She looked to river, looked to hill,</p> + <p class="i1">Thought on the Spirit's prophecy,</p> + <p>Then broke her silence stern and still,</p> + <p class="i1hg1">'Not you, <i>but Fate</i>, has vanquished me;</p> + <p><i>Their influence kindly stars may shower</i></p> + <p>On Teviot's tide and Branksome's tower,</p> + <p class="i1">For pride <i>is</i> quelled, and love <i>is</i> free.'"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The mission of the elf is now accomplished, his last special service + having been to steal the armour of William of Deloraine "while slept the + knight," and thus to enable his master to personate that warrior.</p> + + <p>It may be remarked that hitherto there is no direct evidence that the + Page was sent by Michael Scott. That evidence is reserved for the moment + of his final disappearance.</p> + + <p>On the same evening, after the celebration of the nuptials, a + mysterious and intense blackness enveloped the assembled company in + Branksome Hall.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"A secret horror checked the feast,</p> + <p>And chilled the soul of every guest;</p> + <p>Even the high Dame stood half aghast,</p> + <p>She knew some evil in the blast;</p> + <p>The elvish Page fell to the ground,</p> + <p>And, shuddering, muttered, 'Found! found! found!'</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><span class="scac">XXV.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Then sudden through the darkened air,</p> + <p class="i1">A flash of lightning came,</p> + <p>So broad, so bright, so red the glare,</p> + <p class="i1">The castle seemed on flame,</p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> + <p>Full through the guests' bedazzled band</p> + <p>Resistless flashed the levin-brand,</p> + <p>And filled the hall with smouldering smoke,</p> + <p>As on the elvish Page it broke,</p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> + <p>When ended was the dreadful roar,</p> + <p>The elvish Dwarf was seen no more.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6"><span class="scac">XXVI.</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Some heard a voice in Branksome Hall,</p> + <p>Some saw a sight, not seen by all;</p> + <p>That dreadful voice was heard by some</p> + <p>Cry, with loud summons, 'Gylbin, come!'</p> + <p class="i1">And on the spot where burst the brand,</p> + <p class="i2">Just where the Page had flung him down,</p> + <p class="i1">Some saw an arm, and some a hand,</p> + <p class="i2">And some the waving of a gown:</p> + <p>The guests in silence prayed and shook,</p> + <p>And terror dimmed each lofty look,</p> + <p>But none of all the astonished train</p> + <p><i>Was so dismayed as Deloraine,</i></p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> +<!-- Page 367 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page367"></a>{367}</span> + <p>At length, by fits, he darkly told,</p> + <p>With broken hint, and shuddering cold,</p> + <p class="i1">That he had seen, right certainly,</p> + <p><i>A shape with amice wrapped around,</i></p> + <p><i>With a wrought Spanish baldric bound,</i></p> + <p class="i1"><i>Like a pilgrim from beyond the sea,</i></p> + <p>And knew—but how it mattered not—</p> + <p><span class="sc">It was the wizard, Michael Scott.</span>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>After this final consummation, it is amusing to notice a slight + "incuria" on the part of the poet, which I wonder has never been + corrected in the later editions. Having described the nuptial ceremony of + Cranstoun and Margaret in the early part of the last Canto, he says in + Section xxviii.,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Nought of the bridal <i>will</i> I tell,</p> + <p>Which <i>after</i> in short space befell,"</p> + <p class="i6">&c. &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I think I have now succeeded in proving that the Goblin Page, so far + from being a mere "<i>intruder</i>" into this glorious poem—so far + from being a mere after-thought, or interpolation, to "suit the taste of + the cottagers of the Border," as Mr. Jeffrey "suspects,"—is the + essential instrument for constructing the machinery of the plot. We have, + indeed, the author's word that it formed the foundation of the poem. My + readers will therefore form their own estimate of the value of Mr. + Jeffrey's criticisms, couched as they are in no very considerate, much + less complimentary phraseology. I cannot but admire the "douce vengeance" + of the gentle-spirited subject of his rebukes, who has contented himself + with printing these worthless sentences of an undiscerning critic along + with the text of his poems in the last edition,—there to remain a + standing memorial of the wisdom of that resolution adhered to throughout + the life of the accomplished author, who tells us,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"That he from the first determined, that without shutting his ears to + the voice of true criticism, he would pay no regard to that which assumed + the form of satire."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In point of fact, Sir Walter had no very exalted opinion of the + <i>genus</i> Critic; and I could give one or two anecdotes, which I heard + from his own lips, strongly reminding one of the old fable of the painter + who pleased nobody and everybody.</p> + + <p>In conclusion, I beg leave to observe, that in these "Notes" I do not + presume to underrate, in any degree, Mr. Jeffrey's acknowledged powers of + criticism. He and Scott have alike passed away from the stage of which + they were long the ornaments in their respective spheres; but I must + consider that in the passages here cited, <i>as well as in many + others</i>, he has proved himself either incompetent or unwilling to + appreciate the originality, the power, and, above all, the invention of + Sir Walter Scott's genius.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">A Borderer.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>POEMS DISCOVERED AMONG THE PAPERS OF SIR +KENELM DIGBY.</h3> + + <p>Since I last wrote to you on the subject of these poems, I have + discovered the remaining portions of Ben Jonson's poem on the Lady + Venetia: I have therefore no doubt now that my MS. is a genuine + autograph; and if so, not only this, but the "Houreglasse," which was + inserted in your 63rd No., is Ben Jonson's. This last has, I think, never + been published; nor have I ever seen in print the followings lines, which + are written in the same hand and on the same paper as the "Houreglasse." + They were probably written after Lady Venetia's death.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"You wormes (my rivals), whiles she was alive,</p> + <p>How many thousands were there that did strive</p> + <p>To have your freedome? for theyr sakes forbeare,</p> + <p>Unseemely holes in her soft skin to wear,</p> + <p>But if you must (as what worme can abstaine?)</p> + <p>Taste of her tender body, yet refraine</p> + <p>With your disordered eatings to deface her,</p> + <p>And feed yourselves so as you most may grace her.</p> + <p>First through her eartippes, see you work a paire</p> + <p>Of holes, which, as the moyst enclosed <i>ayre</i> [<i>air</i>]</p> + <p>Turnes into water, may the cold droppes take,</p> + <p>And in her eares a payre of jewels make.</p> + <p>That done, upon her bosome make your feaste,</p> + <p>Where on a crosse carve Jesus in her brest.</p> + <p>Have you not yet enough of that soft skinne,</p> + <p>The touch of which, in times past, might have bin</p> + <p>Enough to ransome many a thousande soule</p> + <p>Captiv'd to love? then hence your bodies roule</p> + <p>A little higher; where I would you have</p> + <p>This epitaph upon her forehead grave;</p> + <p>Living, she was fayre, yong, and full of witt;</p> + <p>Dead, all her faults are in her forehead writt."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>If I am wrong in supposing this never to have been printed, I shall + feel much obliged by one of your correspondents informing me of the + fact.</p> + + <p class="author">H. A. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Trin. Col. Cambridge.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3> + + <p><i>The Christmas Thorn.</i>—In my neighbourhood (near + Bridgewater) the Christmas thorn blossoms on the 6th of January + (Twelfth-day), and on this day only. The villagers in whose gardens it + grows, and indeed many others, verily believe that this fact pronounces + the truth of this being the day of Christ's birth.</p> + + <p class="author">S. S. B.</p> + + <p><i>Milk-maids in 1753.</i>—To Folk-lore may be added the + following short extract from Read's <i>Weekly Journal</i>, May 5, + 1733:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"On May-Day the Milk-Maids who serve the Court, danced Minuets and + Rigadoons before the Royal Family, at St. James's House, with great + applause."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">Y. S.</p> + + <p><i>Diseases cured by Sheep</i> (Vol. iii., p. 320.).—The + attempted cure of consumption, or some <!-- Page 368 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page368"></a>{368}</span>complaints, by walking + among a flock of sheep, is not new. The present Archbishop of Dublin was + recommended it, or practised it at least, when young. For pulmonary + complaints the principle was perhaps the same as that of following a + plough, sleeping in a room over a cowhouse, breathing the diluted smoke + of a limekiln, that is, the inhaling of carbonic acid, all practised + about the end of the last century, when the knowledge of the gases was + the favourite branch of chemistry.</p> + + <p>A friend of mine formerly met Dr. Beddoes riding up Park Street in + Bristol almost concealed by a vast bladder tied to his horse's mouth. He + said he was trying an experiment with oxygen on a broken-winded horse. + Afterwards, finding that oxygen did not answer, he very wisely tried the + gas most opposite to it in nature.</p> + + <p class="author">C. B.</p> + + <p><i>Sacramental Wine</i> (Vol. iii., p. 320.).—This idea is a + relic of Roman Catholic times. In Ireland a weakly child is frequently + brought to the altar rails, and the priest officiating at mass requested + to allow it to drink from the chalice of what is termed <i>the + ablution</i>, that is, the wine and water with which the chalice is + <i>rinsed</i> after the priest has taken the communion, and which + ablution ordinarily is taken by the priest. <i>Here</i> the efficacy is + ascribed to the cup having just before contained the blood of Our Lord. I + have heard it seriously recommended in a case of hooping-cough. Your + correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. Buckman</span> does not give + sufficient credit for common sense to the believers in some portion of + folk lore. Red wine is considered tonic, and justly, as it contains a + greater proportion of <i>turmic</i> than white. The yellow bark of the + barberry contains an essential tonic ingredient, as the Jesuit's bark + does <i>quinine</i>, or that of the willow <i>salicine</i>. Nettle juice + is well known as a purifier of the blood; and the navelwort, like + Euphrosia, which is properly called <i>Eyebright</i>, is as likely to + have had its name from its proved efficacy as a simple, as from any + fancied likeness to the region affected. The old monks were shrewd + herbalists. They were generally the physicians of their neighbourhood, + and the names and uses of the simples used by them survive the ruin of + the monasteries and the expulsion of their tenants.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Kerriensis.</span></p> + + <p>"<i>Nettle in Dock out</i>" (Vol. iii., pp. 133. 201. 205.).—I + can assure A. E. B. that in the days of my childhood, long before I had + ever heard of Chaucer, I used invariably, when I was stung with nettles, + to rub the part affected with a dock-leaf or stalk, and repeat,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Nettle out, dock in."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>This charm is so common in Huntingdonshire at this day that it seems + to come to children almost instinctively. None of them can tell where + they first heard it, any more than why they use it.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arun.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>METROPOLITAN IMPROVEMENTS.</h3> + + <p>The following passage from a sermon preached at Paul's Cross, March + 26, 1620, by John King, Bishop of London, refers in a curious manner to + many improvements and alterations which have either been already effected + in our own time, or are still in contemplation. The sermon was "on + behalfe of Paule's Church," then in a ruinous condition; and was + delivered in the presence of James himself, who suggested the preacher's + text, Psal. cii. 13, 14.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"So had my manner ever beene aforetime," says the Bishop, "to open the + volume of this Booke, and goe through the fields of the Old and New + Testament, plucking and rubbing such eares of corne therein as I best + liked, makings, choice (I meane) of my text, and buckling myself to my + task at myne owne discretion; but now I am girt and tied to a Scripture + by him, who as he hath most right to command, so best skill to direct and + appoint the best service I can."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>After an elaborate laudation of England, and of London as the "gem and + eye," which has</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"the body of the King, the morning and midday influence of that + glorious sun; other parts having but the evening.... <i>O fortunati + nimium</i>; you have the finest flowre of the wheat, and purest bloud of + the grape, that is, the choice of His blessed Word hath God given unto + you; and great is the companie of the preachers"—</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>the Bishop proceeds thus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Not to weary mine eyes with wandering and roving after private, but + to fixe upon publicke alone,—when I behold that forrest of masts + upon your river for trafficke, and that more than miraculous bridge, + which is the <i>communis terminus</i>, to joyne the two bankes of that + river; your Royall Exchange for merchants, your Halls for Companies, your + gates for defence, your markets for victuall, your aqueducts for water, + your granaries for provision, your Hospitalls for the poore, your + Bridewells for the idle, your Chamber for orphans, and your Churches for + holy assemblies; I cannot denie them to be magnificent workes, and your + Citty to deserve the name of an Augustious and majesticall Citty; to cast + into the reckoning those of later edition, the beautifying of your fields + without, and pitching your Smithfield within, new gates, new waterworkes, + and the like, which have been consecrated by you to the dayes of his + Majestie's happy reigne: and I hope the cleansing of the River, which is + the <i>vena porta</i> to your Citty, will follow in good time. But after + all these, as Christ to the young man in the Gospell, which had done all + and more, <i>Unum tibi deest, si vis perfectus esse, vade, vende</i>; so + may I say to you. There is yet one thing wanting unto you, if you will be + perfit,—perfit this church: not by parting from <i>all</i>, but + somewhat, not to the poore, but to God himselfe. This Church is your Sion + indeed, other are but <i>Synagogues</i>, this your <i>Jerusalem the + mother to them all</i>, other but daughters brought up at her knees; this + the Cathedrall, other but Parochiall Churches; this the <i>Bethel</i> for + the daily and constant service of God, other have their intermissions, + this the common to you all, and to this <i>doe <!-- Page 369 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page369"></a>{369}</span>your tribes ascend</i> + in their greatest solemnities; others appropriated to several + Congregations, this the standart in the high rode of gaze; others are + more retired, this the mirrour and marke of strangers, other have but + their side lookes; finally, this unto you, as <i>S. Peters in the + Vatican</i> at Rome, <i>S. Marks</i> at Venice, and that of <i>Diana</i> + at Ephesus, and this at Jerusalem of the Jewes; or if there be any other + of glory and fame in the Christian world, which they most joy in."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Richard John King.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Meaning of Luncheon.</i>—Our familiar name of <i>luncheon</i> + is derived from the daily meal of the Spaniards at eleven o'clock, termed + <i>once</i> or <i>l'once</i> (pronounced <i>l'onchey</i>).—From + Ford's <i>Gatherings in Spain</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">A. L.</p> + + <p><i>Charade upon Nothing translated.</i>—In your No. for July a + correspondent asks who was the author of the very quaint charade upon + "Nothing:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Me, the contented man desires,</p> + <p>The poor man has, the rich requires,</p> + <p>The miser gives, the spendthrift saves,</p> + <p>And all must carry to their graves."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Possibly he may not object to read, without troubling himself as to + the authorship of, the subjoined translation:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Me, qui sorte sua contentus vixerit, optat,</p> + <p class="i1">Et quum pauper habet, dives habere velit;</p> + <p>Spargit avarus opum, servat sibi prodigus æris,</p> + <p class="i1">Secum post fati funera quisque feret."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Effigies.</span></p> + + <p><i>Giving the Lie.</i>—The great affront of giving the lie arose + from the phrase "Thou liest," in the oath taken by the defendant in + judicial combats before engaging, when charged with any crime by the + plaintiff, and Francis I. of France, to make current his giving the lie + to the Emperor Charles V., first stamped it with infamy by saying, in a + solemn Assembly, that "he was no honest man that would bear the lie."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Blowen.</span></p> + + <p><i>Anachronisms of Painters.</i>—An amusing list is given in + D'Israeli's <i>Curiosities of Literature</i> (edit. 1839, p. 131.). The + following are additional:</p> + + <p>At Hagley Park, Worcestershire, the seat of Lord Lyttleton, is a + painting by Varotari, a pupil of Paul Veronese, of Christ and the Woman + taken in Adultery. One of the Jewish elders present wears spectacles.</p> + + <p>At Kedleston, Derbyshire, the seat of Lord Scarsdale, is a painting by + Rembrandt, Daniel interpreting Belsazzar's Dream. Daniel's head is + covered with a peruke of considerable magnitude.</p> + + <p class="author">J. E.</p> + + <p><i>Spenser's Faerie Queene.</i>—The following brief notes may + perhaps prove interesting:—</p> + + <p>1. Spenser gives us a hint of the annoyances to which Shakspeare and + Burbage may have been subject:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"All suddenly they heard a troublous noise,</p> + <p class="i1">That seemed some perilous tumult to design,</p> + <p>Confused with women's cries and shorts of boys,</p> + <p>Such as the troubled theatres oft-times annoys."—B. IV. iii. 37.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>2. Spenser's solitary pun occurs in book iv. canto viii. verse + 31.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"But when the world wox old, it wox <i>war-old</i>,</p> + <p>Whereof it hight."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>3. Cleanliness does not appear to have been a virtue much in vogue in + the "glorious days of good Queen Bess." Spenser (book iv. canto xi. verse + 47.) speaks of</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Her silver feet, fair washed against this day,"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p><i>i. e.</i> for a special day of rejoicing.</p> + + <p>4. An instance of the compound epithets so much used by Chapman in his + translation of Homer, is found in Spenser's description of the + sea-nymphs, book iv. canto xi. verse 50.:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i12hg3">"Eione well-in-age,</p> + <p>And seeming-still-to-smile Glauconome."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">J. H. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Adelaide, South Australia.</p> + + <p><i>Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots.</i>—The incorrect arrangement, + in Seward's <i>Anecdotes</i>, of the following beautiful lines, said to + be composed by Mary Queen of Scots, and repeated immediately before her + execution, and a diffuse paraphrase subjoined, in which all their + tenderness is lost by destroying their brevity and simplicity, may + justify another arrangement, and an attempt to preserve their simple and + tender character in fewer words and a different measure:—</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots." title="Prayer of Mary Queen of Scots."> +<tr><td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top"> "O Domine Deus,<br /> + Speravi in Te,<br /> +O mi care Jesu,<br /> +Nunc libera me:<br /> +In dura catena,<br /> + Desidero Te.<br /> +Languendo, gemendo, <br /> +Et genu flectendo,<br /> +Adoro, imploro,<br /> + Ut liberes me. + +</td><td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top"> O Lord, my God,<br /> + I have trusted in Thee:<br /> +My Jesu beloved,<br /> + Me presently free:<br /> + In cruel chains,<br /> + In penal pains,<br /> + I long for Thee,<br /> + I moan, I groan,<br /> + I bend my knee;<br /> + I adore, I implore,<br /> + Me presently free." +</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents inform me where these lines first + appear? on what authority they are ascribed to Mary Queen of Scots? and + also who mentions their having been repeated immediately before her + execution?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alexander Pytts Falconer.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Beeton-Christchurch, Hants.</p> + + <p><i>A small Instance of Warren Hastings' Magnanimity.</i>—During + the latter years of his life, Warren Hastings was in the habit of + visiting General D'Oyley in the New Forest; and thus he became <!-- Page + 370 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page370"></a>{370}</span>acquainted + with the Rev. W. Gilpin, vicar of Boldre, and author of <i>Forest + Scenery</i>, &c. Mr. Gilpin's custom was to receive morning visitors, + who sat and enjoyed his agreeable conversation; and Warren Hastings, when + staying in the neighbourhood, often resorted to the Boldre Parsonage. It + happened, one Sunday, that Mr. Gilpin preached a sermon on the character + of Felix, which commenced in words like these:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Felix was a bad man, and a bad governor. He took away another man's + wife and lived with her; and he behaved with extortion and cruelty in the + province over which he ruled."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Other particulars followed equally in accordance with the popular + charges against the late Governor-General of India, who, to the + preacher's dismay, was unexpectedly discovered sitting in the D'Oyley + pew. Mr. Gilpin concluded that he then saw the last of his "great" + friend. But, not so: on the following morning Warren Hastings came, with + his usual pleasant manner, for a chat with the vicar, and of course made + no allusion to the sermon.</p> + + <p>This was told me by a late valued friend, who was a nephew and curate + of Mr. Gilpin; and I am not aware that the anecdote has been put on + record.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alfred Gatty.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Ecclesfield.</p> + + <p><i>Richard Baxter.</i>—In the long list of Richard Baxter's + works, one is entitled, <i>An unsavoury Volume of Mr. Jo. Crawford's + anatomized: or, a Nosegay of the choicest Flowers in that Garden, + presented to Mr. Joseph Caryl, by Richard Baxter</i>. 8vo., Lond. + 1654.</p> + + <p>At the end of a <span class="correction" title="Original reads `postcript'." + >postscript</span> to this tract, the following sentence is + subjoined:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Whatsoever hath escaped me in these writings that is against + meekness, peace, and brotherly love, let it be all unsaid, and hereby + revoked; and I desire the pardon of it from God and Man.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Richard Baxter.</span>"</p> + + <p>Baxter's literary career was not the least extraordinary part of his + history. Orme's life of him says, that the catalogue of his works + contains nearly a hundred and sixty-eight distinct publications. A list + of no less than one hundred and seven is given at the end of his + <i>Compassionate Counsel to all Young Men</i>, 8vo., Lond. 1682.</p> + + <p>Baxter's most popular treatises, as the world knows, were his <i>Call + to the Unconverted</i>, and his <i>Saint's Everlasting Rest</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">H. E.</p> + + <p><i>Registry of Dissenting Baptisms in Churches.</i>—A fact came + to my knowledge some time since, which seems worthy of having <i>a note + of it</i> made, and recorded in your journal. On looking over the + registry of baptisms administered in the meeting-house of an ancient + city, I was struck by the occurrence of four names, which I had seen + entered in a genealogy as from the baptismal registry of one of its + parish churches. This appeared to me so strange, that I examined the + parish registry in order to verify it; and I found that the baptisms were + actually recorded as on the same days in both registries. Of course, the + father, having had his child baptized by the dissenting minister, + prevailed on the clergyman of his parish church to register it.</p> + + <p>Whether this was a common custom at the time when it took place + (1715-21) I have no means of knowing. As a fee was probably charged for + the registration, it was not likely to be asked for in all instances; + and, no doubt, when it was asked for, many clergymen would consider it + inconsistent with their duty to grant it.</p> + + <p class="author">D. X.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES AND QUERIES RELATING TO SCANDINAVIA.</h3> + + <p>Can any of your readers furnish a list of the different editions of + <i>Olaus Magnus</i>? I have lately met with a curious one entitled + <i>Historia delle Gente et della Natura delle Cose Settentrionali, da + Olao Magno Gotho Arcivescovo di Vpsala nel Regno di Suezia e Gozia, + descritta in XXII Libri. Tradotta in Lingua Toscana. In Vinegia, + 1565.</i> This edition, in folio, contains a very interesting old map of + Scandinavia, and a profusion of little cuts or engravings, representing + men, animals, gods, mountains, weapons, religious rites, natural wonders, + and everything relating to the people and the country that could be + conceived or gathered together. Is there any English translation of Olaus + Magnus?</p> + + <p>Is there any English translation of Jornandes' <i>Histoire Générale + des Goths</i>? It is full of curious matter. The French edition of 1603 + gives the following accounts of the midnight sun:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Diverses nations ne laissent pas d'habiter ces contrées" (Scanzia or + Scandinavia). "Ptolomée en nomme sept principales. Celle qui s'appelle + Adogit, et qui est la plus reculée vers le Nord, voit (dit on) durant + l'Esté le Soleil rouler l'horizon quarante jours sans se coucher; mais + aussi pendant l'Hyver, elle est privée de sa lumière un pareil espace de + temps, payant ainsi par le long ennui que lui cause l'absence de cet + Astre, la joye que sa longue présence lui avoit fait ressentir."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>There is a little old book called <i>Histoire des Intrigues Galantes + de la Reine Christine de Suède et de sa Cour, pendant son sejour à Rome. + A Amsterdam</i>, 1697. It opens thus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Rome, qui est le centre de la religion, est aussi le Théâtre des plus + belles Comédies du Monde:"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>and after giving various accounts, personal and incidental, of her + mercurial majesty, and of her pilgrimage to Rome, recites the following + epigram on her first intrigue there, which, to give due precedence to the + church, happened to be with a Cardinal, named Azolin:— <!-- Page + 371 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page371"></a>{371}</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Mais Azolin dans Rome</p> + <p>Sceut charmer ses ennuis,</p> + <p>Elle eût sans ce grand homme</p> + <p>Passé de tristes nuits;"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>adding:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Dans ce peu de paroles Mr. de Coulanges [its author] dit beaucoup de + choses, et fait comprendre l'intrigue du Cardinal avec la Reine."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I can find no account of this Reverend Cardinal. Who was he (if + anybody), and what is his history? And who was the author of these odd + memoirs of the Swedish Queen?</p> + + <p>At page 228. of "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" I see + mention of an English translation of <i>Danish</i> ballads by Mr. Borrow. + Is there any translation of <i>Norwegian</i> ballads? Many of them are + very beautiful and characteristic, and well worthy of an able rendering + into our own language, if there were any one to undertake it. There is + also much beauty in the Norwegian national music, of which a pretty but + limited collection, the <i>Norske Field-Melodier</i>, arranged by + Lindeman, is published at Christiania.</p> + + <p>What is the best method of reaching Iceland? and what <i>really + good</i> books have been published on that country within the last twenty + years?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William E. C. Nourse.</span></p> + + <p class="address">London, April 22. 1851.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE ROTATION OF THE EARTH.</h3> + + <p>Query, Has Mons. Foucault's pendulum experiment been as yet clearly + enunciated? and do I understand it aright, when I conceive it is intended + to show the existence of a certain uniform <i>rotation in azimuth of the + horizon</i>, but different for different latitudes; which rotation, if + made out to exist, is acquired solely in virtue of the uniform diurnal + rotation (15° hourly) in right ascension of the equator, identical in all + latitudes.</p> + + <p>A pendulum, manifestly, can only be suspended vertically, and can only + vibrate in a vertical plane; and surely can only be conceived, in the + course of the experiment, to be referred to the <i>horizon</i>, that + great circle of the heavenly sphere to which all vertical circles are + referred.</p> + + <p>A spectator at the north pole has the pole of the heavens coincident + with his zenith; and there, all declination circles are also vertical + circles; and there, the equator coincides with the horizon; whereby the + whole effect of the rotation of the earth there (15° hourly) may be + conceived to be given to the <i>horizon</i>: whilst, at the equator, the + horizon is perpendicular to the equator, which therefore gives no such + rotation at all to the horizon. Simple inspection of a celestial globe + will illustrate this. Considering the matter thus, at the pole the + rotation of the <i>horizon</i> is 15° hourly, and at the equator is 0, or + nothing. But the sine of the latitude (=90°) at the pole is unity, or 1; + and the sine of the latitude (=0°) at the equator is 0. Therefore, at + these two extremes, the expression 15° × sin. lat. actually does give the + amount of <i>hourly apparent rotation of the horizon</i>; namely, 15° at + one place, and 0° at the other. Now, as I understand the experiment, as + given in the public prints, it is asserted that the same expression of + 15° × sin. lat. will give the <i>rotation of the horizon</i> in + intermediate latitudes; of which rotation I subjoin a table calculated + for the purpose.</p> + +<table class="allbctr" summary="Rotation of the horizon." title="Rotation of the horizon."> +<tr><td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> +Degrees<br /> +of<br /> +Latitude +</td><td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> +Natural<br /> +Values of<br /> +Sine of the<br /> +Latitude. +</td><td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> +Value of 15° × Sin.<br /> +Lat., or apparent<br /> +<i>hourly</i> Amount of<br /> +Rotation of <i>Horizon</i>,<br /> +in Degrees and<br /> +Decimals. +</td><td class="allb" style="text-align:center"> +Apparent corre-<br /> +sponding Times of<br /> +<i>Horizon</i>, performing<br /> +one Rotation of<br /> +360°, in Hours and<br /> +Decimals. +</td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> ° </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> ° </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> h </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.000 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.00 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> Infinite time. </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 1 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.017 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.26 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 1371.0 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 2 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.035 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.53 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 682.1 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 3 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.053 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.79 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 458.5 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 4 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.070 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 1.05 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 342.6 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 5 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.087 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 1.31 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 255.4 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 6 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.104 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 1.57 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 229.6 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 7 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.122 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 1.83 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 169.9 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 8 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.139 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 2.09 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 172.5 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 9 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.156 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 2.35 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 153.4 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 10 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.173 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 2.60 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 138.1 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 20 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.342 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 5.13 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 70.2 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 30 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.500 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 7.50 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 48.0 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 40 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.643 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 9.64 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 37.3 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 50 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.766 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 11.49 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 31.3 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 60 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.866 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 13.00 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 27.7 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 70 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.940 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 14.09 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 25.5 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 80 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 0.985 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 14.77 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 24.4 </td></tr> +<tr><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 90 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 1.000 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 15.00 </td><td class="vertb" style="text-align:center"> 24.0 </td></tr> +</table> + + <p>Now this is the point which, it should seem, ought to be the business + of experimenters to establish; it being proposed, as we are informed, to + swing, in different latitudes, freely suspended pendulums, over + horizontal dials, or circular tables, properly graduated, similarly to + the horizons of common globes; and to note the <i>apparent</i> variation + of the plane of oscillation of the pendulums with respect to the + graduated dials; these latter serving as representatives of the horizon. + For the hypothesis is (as I understand it), that the pendulums will + continue to swing each of them severally in one invariable vertical plane + fixed in free space, whilst the horizontal dials beneath, by their + rotation, will slip away, as it were, and turn round in <i>azimuth</i>, + from under the planes of the pendulums.</p> + + <p>It should seem to be imperative on those who wish to put this + experiment to proof, to give all possible attention to the precautions + suggested in the excellent paper that appeared on the subject, on + Saturday, April 19, in the <i>Literary Gazette</i>, copied also into the + <i>Morning Post</i> of Monday the 21st. To my mind, the experiment is + beset with practical difficulties; but even should the matter <!-- Page + 372 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page372"></a>{372}</span>be + satisfactorily made out to those best capable of judging, I cannot + readily conceive of an experiment less likely than the above to carry + conviction to the minds of the wholly unlearned of the rotation of the + earth.</p> + + <p>I perceive that B.A.C., in the <i>Times</i> of April 24, avows his + determined scepticism as to the virtue of the experiment.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Robert Snow.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>MINOR QUERIES.</h2> + + <p><i>William ap Jevan's Descendants.</i>—In Burke's <i>Landed + Gentry</i>, p. 1465., mention is made of William ap Jevan, "an attendant + upon Jasper Duke of Bedford, and afterwards upon Hen. VII.;" and of a + son, Morgan Williams, ancestor of the Cromwells. Will some correspondent + oblige by giving a reference to where any account may be met with of any + other son, or children, to such William ap Jevan, and his or their + descendants?</p> + + <p class="author">W. P. A.</p> + + <p>"<i>Geographers on Afric Downs.</i>"—Can any of your + correspondents tell me where these lines are to be found?—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"So geographers on Afric downs,</p> + <p>Plant elephants instead of towns."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>They sound Hudibrastic, but I cannot find them in <i>Hudibras</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">A. S.</p> + + <p><i>Irish Brigade.</i>—Can any of your correspondents furnish any + account of what were called "The Capitulations of the Irish Brigades?" + These <i>Capitulations</i> (to prevent mistakes) were simply the + agreements under which foreign regiments entered the French service. The + Swiss regiments had their special "capitulations" until 1830, when they + ceased to be employed in France. They appear to have differed in almost + every regiment of the Irish brigade; the privileges of some being greater + than those of others. One was common to all, namely, the right of + <i>trial</i> by their officers or comrades solely, and according to the + laws of their own country.</p> + + <p>Also, is there any history of the brigades published? I have heard + that a Colonel Dromgoole published one. Can any information be afforded + on that head?</p> + + <p class="author">K.</p> + + <p><i>Passage in Oldham.</i>—The following lines, on the virtues of + "impudence," occur in that exquisite satirist, Oldham, described by + Dryden as "too little and too lately known:"</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Get that great gift and talent, impudence,</p> + <p>Accomplish'd mankind's highest excellence:</p> + <p class="hg1">'Tis that alone prefers, alone makes great,</p> + <p>Confers alone wealth, titles, and estate;</p> + <p>Gains place at court, can make a fool a peer;</p> + <p>An ass a bishop; can vil'st blockhead rear</p> + <p>To wear red hats, and sit in porph'ry chair:</p> + <p class="hg1">'Tis learning, parts, and skill, and wit, and sense,</p> + <p>Worth, merit, honour, virtue, innocence."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I quote this passage chiefly with reference to the "porphyry chair," + and with the view of ascertaining whether the allusion has been explained + in any edition of Oldham's Poems. Does the expression refer to any + established use of such chairs by the wearers of "red hats?" or is it + intended merely to convey a general idea of the sumptuousness and + splendour of their style of living?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p> + + <p class="address">St. Lucia, March, 1851.</p> + + <p><i>Mont-de-Piété.</i>-Can any of your readers furnish information as + to the connexion between these words and the thing which they are used to + denote? Mrs. Jameson says, in her <i>Legends of the Monastic Orders</i>, + p. 307.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Another attribute of St. Bernardin's of Siena, is the + <i>Monte-di-Pietà</i>, a little green hill composed of three mounds, and + on the top either a cross or a standard, on which is the figure of the + dead Saviour, usually called in Italy a <i>Pietà</i>. St. B. is said to + have been the founder of the charitable institutions still called in + France <i>Monts-de-Piété</i>, originally for the purpose of lending to + the poor small sums on trifling pledges—what we should now call a + loan society,—and which, in their commencement, were purely + disinterested and beneficial. In every city which he visited as a + preacher, he founded a Monte-di-Pietà; and before his death, these + institutions had spread all over Italy and through a great part of + France."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is added in a note:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Although the figures holding the M. di P. are, in Italian prints and + pictures, styled 'San Bernardino da Siena,' there is reason to presume + that the honour is at least shared by another worthy of the same order, + 'Il Beato Bernardino da Feltri,' a celebrated preacher at the end of the + fifteenth century. Mention is made of his preaching against the Jews and + usurers, on the miseries of the poor, and on the necessity of having a + <i>Monte-di-Pietà</i> at Florence, in a sermon delivered in the church of + Santa Croce in the year 1488."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>On p. 308. is a representation of the Monte-di-Pietà, borne in the + saint's hand. I need not specify the points on which the foregoing + extract still leaves information to be desired.</p> + + <p class="author">W. B. H.</p> + + <p class="address">Manchester.</p> + + <p><i>Poem upon the Grave.</i>—A. D. would be obliged by being + informed where to find a poem upon The Grave. Two voices speak in it, + and, it commences—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"How peaceful the grave; its quiet how deep!</p> + <p>Its zephyrs breathe calmly, and soft is its sleep,</p> + <p>And flowerets perfume it with ether."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The second voice replies—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"How lonesome the grave; how deserted and drear," &c. &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p><i>Clocks: when self-striking Clocks first invented.</i>—In + Bolingbroke's <i>Letters on the Study of History</i> <!-- Page 373 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page373"></a>{373}</span>(Letter IV.), + I read the following passage in relation to a certain person:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"His reason had not the merit of common mechanism. When you press a + watch or pull a clock, they answer your question with precision; for they + repeat exactly the hour of the day, and tell you neither more nor less + than you desire to know."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I believe this work was written about 1711. Can you tell me when the + self-striking clock was invented, and by whom?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jingo.</span></p> + + <p><i>Clarkson's "Richmond."</i>—Can any of your readers inform me + who is in possession of the papers of the late Mr. Clarkson, the + historian of Richmond, in Yorkshire? I wish to know what were the ancient + documents, or other sources, from which the learned author ascertained + some facts stated in his valuable work. To whom should I apply on the + subject?</p> + + <p class="author">D. Q.</p> + + <p><i>"Felix quem faciunt," &c.</i>—I wish you could tell me + where I can find this line:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Felix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Effigies.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Whitehall.</p> + + <p><i>Sir Francis Windebank's elder Son.</i>—Sir Francis Windebank, + "of treacherous memory," it is well known, died at Paris in September, + 1646. He had two sons; what became of Thomas, the <i>elder</i>? Francis, + the <i>second</i>, was a colonel in the royal army: he was tried for + cowardice in surrendering Blechingdon House, in Oxfordshire, to Oliver + Cromwell without a blow; and being found guilty, was shot at Broken + Hayes, near Oxford, in April, 1645. I am anxious to make out the fate of + his elder brother.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p> + + <p><i>Incised Slab.</i>—I have a large incised slab in my church, + with the figures of a man (Richard Grenewey) and his wife upon it, with + the date 1473. Following the date, and filling up the remainder of the + line of the inscription, is the figure of a cock in a fighting attitude. + Can any of your readers enlighten me on the subject?</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. K.</p> + + <p><i>Etymology of Balsall.</i>—Will you allow me to ask some of + your readers to give me the etymology of <i>Balsall</i>? It occurs + frequently about here, as Balsall Temple, B. Street, B. Grange, B. + Common, and near Birmingham is Balsall Heath. It is not to be confounded + with Beausall Common, which also is near this place.</p> + + <p class="author">F. R.</p> + + <p class="address">Kenilworth.</p> + + <p><i>St. Olave's Churches.</i>—In the <i>Calendar of the Anglican + Church</i>, Parker, Oxford, 1851, at pp. 267. and 313., it is stated that + Saint Olave helped King Ethelred to dislodge the Danes from London and + Southwark, by destroying London Bridge; and that, in gratitude for this + service, the churches at each end of the bridge are dedicated to + him;—on the Southwark side, St. Olave's, Tooley Street, is; but was + there ever a church on the London side, bearing the same name?—The + nearest one to the bridge is St. Olave's, Hart Street; but that is surely + too distant to be called "at the end of the bridge."</p> + + <p class="author">E. N. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Southwark, April 21. 1851.</p> + + <p><i>Sabbatical and Jubilee Years of the Jews.</i>—As the solution + of many interesting topics in connexion with Jewish history is yet + dependent on the <i>period</i> of the institution of the Sabbatical and + Jubilee years, the following observations will not perhaps be deemed + unworthy of a "nook" in your columns. A spark may blaze! I therefore + throw it out to be fanned into a more brilliant light by those of your + readers whose studies peculiarly fit them to inquire more searchingly + into the subject. The Jews, it has been remarked by various writers, were + ignorant of <i>astronomy</i>. Both, however, the Sabbatical and Jubilee + years have been, as I conceive and will endeavour to show, founded on + astronomical observation, commemorative of no particular event in Jewish + history, but simply that of the moon's revolutions; for instance, with + reference to the <i>Sabbatical</i> year, allowing for a difference of + four days and a half, which occurs <i>annually</i> in the time of the + moon's position on the equator, it would require, in order to realise a + number corresponding to the days (29) employed by the moon in her + synodical revolution round the earth, a period to elapse of little less + than six years and a half: thus exhibiting the Jews' <i>seventh</i> or + <i>Sabbatical year</i>, or year of rest. This result, besides being + instructive and commemorative of the moon's menstrual course, is at the + same time indicative, as each Sabbatical year rolls past, of the approach + of the "<i>finisher of the Seven Sabbaths of years</i>," or year of + Jubilee, so designated from its being to the chosen people of God, under + the Jewish dispensation, a year of "freedom and redemption," in + commemoration of the moon's <i>complete</i> revolution, viz., her return + to a certain position at the precise time at which she set out therefrom, + an event which takes place but once in <i>fifty years</i>: in other + words, if the moon be on the equator, say, on the first day of February, + and calculating twenty-nine days to the month, or twelve lunations to the + year, a cycle of fifty years, or "seven Sabbaths of years," must elapse + ere she will again be in that position on the same day.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hipparchus.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Limehouse, March 31. 1851.</p> + + <p><i>Arms of Isle of Man.</i>—The arms of the Isle of Man are + gules, three legs conjoined in the fess point, &c. &c. or. These + arms were stamped on the old halfpence of the island, and we may well + call them the current coin.</p> + + <p>In an old edition of the <i>Mythology of Natalis</i> <!-- Page 374 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page374"></a>{374}</span><i>Comus</i>, + Patavii, 1637, small 4to., at page 278., I find an Icon of Triptolemus + sent by Ceres in a chariot drawn by serpents, hovering in the clouds over + what I suppose to be Sicily, or Trinacria; and on a representation of a + city below the chariot occurs the very same form of coin, the three legs + conjoined, with the addition of three ears of corn.</p> + + <p>This seems to me to be a curious coincidence.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Merviniensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>Doctrine of the Resurrection.</i>—Can any of your readers + inform me of any traces of the doctrine of the Resurrection to be found + in authors anterior to the Christian era? The following passage from + Diogenes Laertius is quoted in St. John's <i>Manners and Customs of + Ancient Greece</i>, vol. i. p. 355.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="Kai anabiôsesthai, kata tous Magous, phêsi (theopompos), tous anthrôpous, kai esesthai athanatous." class="grk" + >Καὶ + ἀναβιώσεσθαι, + κατὰ τοὺς + Μάγους, φησὶ + (θεοπομπος), + τοὺς + ἀνθρώπους, + καὶ + ἔσεσθαι + ἀθανάτους.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>How far does the statement in this passage involve the idea of a + <i>bodily</i> resurrection? I fancy the doctrine is not countenanced by + any of the apparitions in the poetical Hades of Virgil, or of other + poets.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Zeteticus.</span></p> + + <p><i>National Debts.</i>—Is there any published work descriptive + of the origin of the foundation of a "National Debt" in Florence so early + as the year 1344, when the state, owing a sum of money, created a "Mount + or Bank," the shares in which were transferable, like our stocks? It is + not mentioned in Niccolo Machiavelli's <i>History of Florence</i>; but I + have a note of the fact, without a reference to the authority. Is there + any precedent prior to the foundation of our National Debt?</p> + + <p class="author">F. E. M.</p> + + <p><i>Leicester's Commonwealth.</i>—Are the real authors of + <i>Leicester's Commonwealth</i>, and the poetical tract generally found + with it, <i>Leicester's Ghost</i>, known? According to Dodd's <i>Church + History</i>, the first is <i>erroneously</i> attributed to Robert Parsons + the Jesuit.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>HISTOIRE DES SÉVARAMBES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., pp. 4. 72. 147.)</p> + + <p>The History of the Sevarites, in the original English edition, + consists of two parts: the first published in 1675, in 114 pages, small + 12mo., without a preface; the second published in 1679, in 140 pages, + with a preface of six pages. The French version of this work is much + altered and enlarged. The title is changed into <i>Histoire des + Sévarambes</i>, the "Sevarites" being dropped. There is a preface of + fifteen pages, containing a supposed letter from Thomas Skinner, dated + Bruges, Oct. 28, 1672. The work is divided into five parts, three of + which are in the first, and two in the second volume of the Amsterdam + edition of 1716. These five parts are together more than twice as bulky + as the two parts of the English work. There is no copy of the original + French edition of 1677-9 described by Marchand, in any English public + library; but if there is a copy in the French national library, any of + your bibliographical correspondents at Paris could easily ascertain + whether (as is probably the case) the Amsterdam edition is a mere reprint + from the original Paris edition.</p> + + <p>The French version of this work is not only much enlarged, but it + differs in the names and incidents, and is fuller in the account of the + institutions and customs of the imaginary state. The English edition of + 1738 (1 vol. 8vo.) is a literal translation from the French version, + though it does not purport to be a translation. It may be doubted whether + the translator was aware of the existence of the English publication of + 1675-9. The German translation was published in 1680; the Dutch + translation in 1682: both these appear to have been taken from the + French.</p> + + <p>Morhof (<i>Polyhistor.</i>, vol. i. p. 74.), who inserts this work + among the <i>libri damnati</i>, and dwells upon its deistical character, + refers to the French version; and though he knew that the book had + originally appeared in English, he probably was not aware of the + difference between the two versions. A note added by his first editor, + Moller, states that Morhof often told his friends that he believed Isaac + Vossius to have been the author of the work. Isaac Vossius was in England + from 1670 until his death, which took place at Windsor, February 21, + 1689. His residence in England, combined with the known laxity of his + religious opinions, doubtless suggested to Morhof the conjecture that he + wrote this freethinking Utopia. There is, however, no external evidence + to support this conjecture, or to show that it had any better foundation + than the conjecture that Bishop Berkeley wrote <i>Gaudentio di Lucca</i>. + The University of Leyden purchased the library of Isaac Vossius for + 36,000 florins. If it is still preserved at Leyden, a search among his + books might ascertain whether there is among them any copy of the English + or French editions of this work, and whether they contain any written + remark by their former possessor. Moreover, it is to be observed that the + system of natural religion is for the first time developed in the French + edition; and this was the part which chiefly gave the book its celebrity: + whereas, the supposition of Morhof implies that the English and French + versions are identical.</p> + + <p>Heumann, in his <i>Schediasma de Libris Anonymis et Pseudonymis</i> + (Jena, 1711), p. 161. (reprinted in Mylius, <i>Bibliotheca Anon. et + Pseudon.</i>, Hamburg, 1740, vol. i. pp. 170-6.) has an article on the + <i>Histoire des Sévarambes</i>. It is there stated that "Messieurs de + Portroyal" superintended the French translation of the work; but no + authority is given for the statement. Christian Thomasius, <!-- Page 375 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page375"></a>{375}</span>in his + <i>Monthly Review</i> of November 1689, attributed the work to D'Allais + (or Vairasse). He alleged three reasons for this belief: 1. The rumour + current in France; 2. The fact that Allais sold the book, as well as his + French grammar; 3. That a comparison of the two works, in respect of + style and character of mind, renders it most probable that both are by + the same author. The testimony of Thomasius is important, as the date of + its publication is only ten years posterior to the publication of the + last part of the French version.</p> + + <p>Leclerc, in a review of the <i>Schediasma</i> of Heumann, in the + <i>Bibliothèque Choisie</i>, published in 1712 (tom. xxv. p. 402., with + an addendum, tom. xxvi. p. 460.), attests positively that Vairasse was + the author of the work in question. He says that Vairasse (or, as he + spells the name, Veiras) took the name of D'Allais in order to sell his + book. He had this fact from persons well acquainted with Vairasse. He + likewise mentions that Vairasse was well known to Locke, who gave Leclerc + an account of his birthplace. Leclerc adds that he was acquainted with a + person to whom Vairasse wished to dedicate his book (viz. the <i>Histoire + des Sévarambes</i>), <i>and who possessed a copy of it, with a species of + dedication, written in his hand</i>.</p> + + <p>This testimony is so distinct and circumstantial, as to leave no + reasonable doubt as to the connexion of Vairasse with the French version. + The difficulty as to the authorship of the English version still, + however, remains considerable. The extensive alterations introduced in + the French edition certainly render it probable that <i>two</i> different + writers were concerned in the work. The words of Leclerc respecting the + information received from Locke are somewhat ambiguous; but they do not + necessarily imply that Locke knew anything as to the connexion of + Vairasse with the book, though they are not inconsistent with this + meaning. Locke had doubtless become acquainted with Vairasse during his + residence in England. Considering the length of time which Vairasse + passed in England, and the eminence of the persons with whom he is said + to have had relations (viz. the Duke of York, Lord Clarendon, and Locke), + it is singular that no mention of him should be discoverable in any + English book.</p> + + <p>The error, that the work in question was written by Algernon Sidney, + appears to have arisen from a confusion with the name of Captain Siden, + the imaginary traveller. Fabricius (<i>Bibliograph. Antiq.</i>, c. xiv. + §16. p. 491.) mentions Sidney and Vairasse as the two most probable + claimants to the authorship.</p> + + <p>Hume, in his <i>Essay on Polygamy and Divorces</i>, refers to the + <i>History of the Sevarambians</i>, and calls it an "agreeable + romance."</p> + + <p class="author">L.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>WAS THERE AN "OUTER TEMPLE" IN THE POSSESSION +OF THE KNIGHTS TEMPLARS OR KNIGHTS +OF ST. JOHN?—(Vol. iii., p. 325.)</h3> + + <p>I have great pleasure in complying with the very proper request of + <span class="sc">Mr. Foss</span>, and give my authority at once for + stating in the <i>Hand-book for London</i> that the so-called "Outer + Temple" was a part of the Fleet Street possession of the Knights Templars + or Knights of St. John, or was in any manner comprehended within the New + Temple property of Fleet Street and Temple Bar. My authority is Sir + George Buc, whose minute and valuable account of the universities of + England is dedicated to Sir Edward Coke. Buc's words are + these:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"After this suppression and condemnation of the Templers, their house + here in Fleete Street came to the handes and occupation of diuers Lordes. + For our Antiquaries and Chronologers say, that after this suppression Sir + Thomas Plantagenet Earl of Lancaster (and Cousin to the King then + raigning) had it, but beeing after attainted of treason, hee enjoyed it + but a short time.</p> + + <p>"Then next Hugh Spencer Earle of Glocester got into it, but he also + was soone after attainted, and executed for Treason. After him Andomare + de Valence, a nobleman of the great house of Lusignan, and Earle of + Pembrooke, was lodged in it for a while. But this house was '<i>Equus + Seianus</i>' to them all: and (as here it appeareth) was ordayned by God + for other better uses, and whereunto now it serueth. After all these + noble tenants and occupants were thus exturbed, dead, and gone, then + certaine of the reuerend, ancient professours of the Lawes, in the raign + of King Edward the Third, obtained a very large or (as I might say) a + perpetuall Lease of this Temple, or (as it must bee understood) of two + parts thereof distinguished by the names of the Middle Temple and the + Inner Temple, from the foresayd Ioannites.... But the other third part, + called the Outward Temple, Doctor Stapleton, Bishop of Exceter, had + gotten in the raign of the former King, Edward the Second, and conuerted + it to a house for him and his successors, Bishops of Exceter ... of whom + the late Earle of Essex purchased it, and it is now called Essex house: + hauing first beene (as I haue sayd) a part of the Templers' house, and in + regard of the scituation thereof, without the Barre, was called the + Outward or Utter Temple, as the others, for the like causes, were called + the Middle Temple and the Inner Temple."—Sir George Buc, in + <i>Stow</i> by Howes, ed. 1631, p. 1068.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This seems decisive, if Buc is to be relied on, as I think he is. But + new facts, such as <span class="sc">Mr. Foss's</span> researches and + <span class="sc">Mr. Burtt's</span> diligence are likely to bring to + light, may upset Buc's statement altogether.</p> + + <p>I must join <span class="sc">Mr. Foss</span> in his wish to ascertain + <i>when</i> the names Inner Temple and Middle Temple were first made use + of, with a further Query, which I should be glad to have settled, + <i>when</i> the See of Exeter first obtained the site of the so-called + <!-- Page 376 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page376"></a>{376}</span>"Outer Temple?" Stapleton, by whom it was + <i>perhaps</i> obtained, was Bishop of Exeter from 1307 to 1326.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Peter Cunningham.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>OBEISM.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 59.)</p> + + <p>In reply to F. H., I beg leave to state that Obeism is not in itself a + religion, except in the sense in which Burke says that "superstition is + the religion of feeble minds." It is a belief, real or pretended, in the + efficacy of certain spells and incantations, and is to the uneducated + negro what sorcery was to our unenlightened forefathers. This + superstition is known in St. Lucia by the name of <i>Kembois</i>. It is + still extensively practised in the West Indies, but there is no reason to + suppose that it is rapidly gaining ground. F. H. will find ample + information on the subject in Père Labat's <i>Nouveau Voyage aux Isles + françaises de l'Amérique</i>, tome ii. p. 59., and tome iv. pp. 447. 499. + and 506., edition of 1742; in Bryan Edwards' <i>History of the West + Indies</i>, vol. ii. ch. iii., 5th edition (London, 1819); and in Dr. + R. R. Madden's <i>Residence in the West Indies</i>, vol. ii. letter 27. + Perhaps the following particulars from Bryan Edwards (who says he is + indebted for them to a Mr. Long) on the etymology of <i>obeah</i>, may be + acceptable to some of your readers:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The term <i>obeah</i>, <i>obiah</i>, or <i>obia</i>, (for it is + variously written,) we conceive to be the adjective, and <i>obe</i> or + <i>obi</i>, the noun substantive; and that by the word + <i>obia</i>—men or women—is meant those who practise + <i>obi</i>. The origin of the term we should consider as of no + importance, in our answer to the question proposed, if, in search of it, + we were not led to disquisitions that are highly gratifying to curiosity. + From the learned Mr. Bryant's commentary upon the word <i>oph</i>, we + obtain a very probable etymology of the term. 'A serpent, in the Egyptian + language, was called <i>ob</i> or <i>aub</i>.' '<i>Obion</i> is still the + Egyptian name for a serpent.' 'Moses, in the name of God, forbids the + Israelites ever to inquire of the demon <i>Ob</i>, which is translated in + our Bible, charmer or wizard, divinator aut sorcilegus.' 'The woman at + Endor is called <i>oub</i> or <i>ob</i>, translated Pythonissa; and + <i>oubaois</i> (he cites from <i>Horus Apollo</i>) was the name of the + Basilisk or Royal Serpent, emblem of the sun, and an ancient oracular + deity of Africa.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>One of your correspondents has formed a substantive from <i>obe</i> by + the addition of <i>ism</i>, and another from <i>obeah</i> by the same + process; but it will be seen by the above quotation that there is no + necessity for that obtrusive termination, the superstitious practice in + question being already sufficiently described by the word <i>obe</i> or + <i>obi</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p> + + <p class="address">St. Lucia, March, 1851.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SAN MARINO.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 321.)</p> + + <p>On the death of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, without legitimate male + issue, in October, 1468, Pope Paul II. declared Rimini and his other + fiefs to have reverted to the Holy See. In the spring of the following + year the Pontiff proceeded, with the assistance of the Venetians, to + enforce his claim, and threatened the Republicans of San Marino with his + vengeance if they did not aid him and his allies in gaining possession of + Rimini, which Roberto Malatesta, one of the illegitimate sons of + Sigismondo Pandolfo, had seized by stratagem.</p> + + <p>By advice of their faithful friend Federigo, Count of Urbino, who was + at the head of the opposite league, comprising the King of Naples, the + Duke of Milan, and the Florentines, the San-Marinese forwarded the Papal + mandate to Florence, and requested through their ambassador, one Ser + Bartolomeo, the support of that Republic. Several letters appear to have + been sent in answer to their applications, and the one communicated by + <span class="sc">Mr. Sydney Smirke</span> is characterised by Melchiarre + Delfico (<i>Memorie storiche della Repubblica di San Marino.</i> + Capolago, 1842, 8vo. p. 229.) as</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Del tutto didattica e parenetica intorno alla libertà, di cui i + Fiorentini facevano gran vanto, mentre erano quasi alla vigilia di + perderla intieramente."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>San Marino was not attacked during the campaign, which terminated on + the 30th of August of the same year (1469) with the battle of Vergiano, + in which Alessandro Sforza, the commander of the Papal forces, was + signally defeated by Federigo.</p> + + <p>San Marino has never, so far as I have been able to ascertain, + undergone the calamity of a siege, and its inhabitants have + uninterruptedly enjoyed the blessing of self-government from the + foundation of the Republic in the third or fourth century to the present + time, with the exception of the few months of 1503, during which the + infamous Cesare Borgia forced them to accept a Podestà of his own + nomination. Various causes have contributed to this lengthened + independence; but it may be stated that, in the fifteenth and sixteenth + centuries, the San Marinese owed it no less to their own patriotism, + courage, prudence, and good faith, than to the disinterested protection + of the Counts and Dukes of Urbino, whose history has been so ably written + by Mr. Dennistoun, in his recently published memoirs of that chivalrous + race.</p> + + <p>The privileges of the Republic were confirmed on the 12th of February, + 1797, by Napoleon Buonaparte, who offered to enlarge its + territory,—a boon which its citizens were wise enough to decline; + thinking, perhaps, with Montesquieu, that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Il est de la nature d'une république qu'elle n'ait qu'un petit + territoire: sans cela, elle ne peut guère subsister."—<i>Esprit des + Lois</i>, liv. viii. chap. 16.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Your readers will find some notices of San <!-- Page 377 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page377"></a>{377}</span>Marino in Addison's + <i>Remarks on several Parts of Italy</i>; Aristotle's <i>Politics</i>, + translated by Gillies, lib. ii. Appendix.</p> + + <p>Its lofty and isolated situation has supplied Jean Paul with a simile + in his <i>Unsichtbare Loge</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Alle andre Wissenschaften theilen sich jetzt in eine Universal + Monarchie über alle Leser: aber die Alten sitzen mit ihren wenigen + philologischen Lehnsleuten einsam auf einem S. + Marino-Felsen."—<i>Jean Paul's</i> Werke (Berlin, 1840, 8vo.), vol. + i. p. 125.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the first line of the letter, "ved<i>a</i>to" should be + ved<i>u</i>to; and in the seventh line, "difender<i>ai</i>" + difender<i>vi</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">F. C. B.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE BELLMAN AND HIS HISTORY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. iii., p. 324.)</p> + + <p>The Bellman's songs may be found in the <i>Bellman's Treasury, + containing above a Hundred several Verses, fitted for all Humours and + Fancies, and suited to all Times and Seasons</i>. London: 8vo. 1707. + Extracts from this book are given in Hone's <i>Every Day Book</i>, vol. + ii. p. 1594.</p> + + <p>I have now before me a broadside thus entitled: "A copy of verses, + humbly presented to the Right Worshipful the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common + Councilmen, and the rest of my worthy Masters and Mistresses, dwelling in + Cambridge. By Thomas Adams, Bellman, 1810." There is a large engraving, + from a wood-block, apparently a century old, representing a bellman, in a + flowing wig and a three-cornered hat, holding, in his right hand a bell, + and in his left a javelin and lantern; his dog is behind him.</p> + + <p>The verses are:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p> 1. Prologue.</p> + <p> 2. To the Right Worshipful the Mayor.</p> + <p> 3. To the Aldermen.</p> + <p> 4. To the Common Councilmen.</p> + <p> 5. To the Town Clerk.</p> + <p> 6. To the Members for the Town.</p> + <p> 7. On the King.</p> + <p> 8. On the Queen.</p> + <p> 9. On Christmas Day.</p> + <p>10. On New Year's Day.</p> + <p>11. To the Young Men.</p> + <p>12. To the Young Maids.</p> + <p>13. On Charity.</p> + <p>14. On Religion.</p> + <p>15. Epilogue.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>This is marked as the 24th sheet; that is, as I suppose, the 24th set + of verses presented by Mr. Adams.</p> + + <p>I have also a similar broadside, "by Isaac Moule, jun., bellman, + 1824," being "No. III." of Mr. Moule's performances. The woodcut is of a + more modern character than Mr. Adams's, and delineates a bellman in a + three-cornered hat, modern coat, breeches, and stockings, a bell in his + right hand, and a small dog by his side. The bellman is represented as + standing in front of the old Shire Hall in Cambridge, having Hobson's + Conduit on his right.</p> + + <p>The subjects of Mr. Moule's verses are similar to those of Mr. Adams, + with the following variations. He omits verses to the Town Clerk, the + Members for the Town, the Queen, on Charity, and on Religion, and inserts + verses "On St. Crispin," and "To my Masters and Mistresses."</p> + + <p>The office of bellman in this town was abolished in 1836, and to the + bellman's verses have succeeded similar effusions from the lamplighters, + who distribute copies when soliciting Christmas boxes from the + inhabitants.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Cambridge, April 28. 1851.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p>"<i>God takes those soonest</i>," &c. (Vol. iii., p. + 302.).—In Morwenstow churchyard, Cornwall, there is this epitaph on + a child:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Those whom God loves die young!</p> + <p class="i1">They see no evil days,—</p> + <p>No falsehood taints their tongue,</p> + <p class="i1">No wickedness their ways.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Baptized, and so made sure,</p> + <p class="i1">To win their blest abode,—</p> + <p>What shall we pray for more?</p> + <p class="i1">They die, and are with God!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">C. E. H.</p> + + <p>The belief expressed in these words is of great antiquity. See the + story of Cleobis and Biton, in Herod. l. 31., and the verse frown the + <span title="Dis exapatôn" class="grk">Δὶς + ἐξαπατῶν</span> of Menander:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="Hon hoi theoi philousin apothnêskei neos" class="grk">Ὃν οἱ θεοὶ φιλοῦσιν ἀποθνήσκει νέος</span>."</p> + <p>Meineke, <i>Fragm. Com. Gr.</i>, vol. iv. p. 105.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">L.</p> + + <p>I would suggest to T. H. K. that the origin of this line is + Menander's</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"<span title="Hon hoi theoi philousin apothnêskei neos" class="grk">Ὃν οἱ θεοὶ φιλοῦσιν ἀποθνήσκει νέος</span>."</p> + <p class="i2">Fragm. 128. in Meineke, <i>Fr. Com. Gr.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>imitated by Plautus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Quem di diligunt adulescens moritur."</p> + <p class="i8"><i>Bacch.</i> iv. 7. 18.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>whence the English adage,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Whom the gods love die young."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Wordsworth's <i>Excur.</i>, b. i., has this sentiment:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i6hg3">"O, Sir, the good die first,</p> + <p>And those whose hearts are dry as summer dust,</p> + <p>Burn to the socket."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. P. Ph****.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Several other correspondents have kindly replied to this Query.]</p> + +</div> + +<p><!-- Page 378 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page378"></a>{378}</span></p> + + <p><i>Disinterment for Heresy</i> (Vol. iii, p. 240.).—Mr. Tracy's + will, dated 10th October, 22d Henry VIII. [1530], is given at length in + Hall's <i>Chronicle</i> (ed. 1809, p. 796.), where will be found the + particulars of the case to which <span class="sc">Arun</span> alludes. + See also Burnet's <i>History of the Reformation</i> (ed. 1841, vol. i. + pp. 125. 657, 658. 673.), and Strype's <i>Annals of the Reformation</i>, + vol. i. p. 507. Strype states that Mr. Tracy's body was dug up and burnt + "anno 1532." William Tyndale wrote <i>Exposition on Mr. Will. Tracies + Will</i>, published in 8vo. at Nuremburgh, 1546. (Wood's <i>Athen. + Oxon.</i>, vol. i. p. 37.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Cambridge, April 2. 1851.</p> + + <p>"William Tracy, a worshipful esquire in Gloucestershire, and then + dwelling at Todington," made a will, which was thought to contain + heretical sentiments. His executor having brought in this will to be + proved two years after Tracy's death (in 1532), "the Convocation most + cruelly judged that he should be taken out of the ground, and burnt as an + heretick," which was accordingly done; but the chancellor of the diocese + of Worcester, to whom the commission was sent for the burning, was fined + 300<i>l</i>. for it by King Henry VIII. Such is the story in Fox's + <i>Martyrs</i>, anno 1532 (vol. ii. p. 262. ed. 1684, which I have before + me).</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Exon.</span></p> + + <p>The date and some particulars of the exhumation of the body of W. + Tracy, Esq., of Toddington Park, ancestor of the present Lord Sudeley, + <span class="sc">Arun</span> will find in Foxe's <i>Acts and + Monuments</i>, vol. v. p. 31. ed. 1843, and the note in appendix will + point out other sources.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Novus.</span></p> + + <p><i>The Vellum-bound Junius</i> (Vol. iii., pp. 262. 307.).—In + the Number dated April 19, 1851, p. 307., is a request for information + relative to the "Vellum-bound copy of Junius;" also a reference to the + subject in a prior number of the "<span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span>." Not being in England, and not having the prior numbers, + it is not possible to make myself acquainted with the subject contained + in that reference, but I will endeavour to throw some light on the Query + in the Number which has been forwarded to me. The writer of the + <i>Letters of Junius</i> was the secretary of the first Marquis of + Lansdowne, better known as Lord Shelburne. From his Lordship he obtained + all the political information necessary for his compositions. The late + Marquis of Lansdowne possessed the copy bound in vellum (two volumes), + with many notes on the margin in Lord Shelburne's handwriting; they were + kept locked up in a beautiful ebony casket bound and ornamented with + brass. That casket has disappeared, at least so I have been told, and not + many years ago inquiry was made for it by the present head of that house. + Maclean was a dark, strong-featured man, who wore his hat slouched over + his eyes, and generally a large cloak. He often corrected the slips or + proofs of his letters at Cox's, a well-known printer near Lincoln's Inn, + who deemed himself bound in honour never to divulge what he knew of that + publication, and was agitated when once suddenly spoken to on the subject + near the door of the small room in which the proofs were corrected, and + with a high and honourable feeling requested never to be again spoken to + on the subject. The late President of the Royal Academy, Benjamin West, + knew Maclean; and his son, the late Raphael West, told the writer of + these remarks, that when a young man he had seen him in the evening at + his father's in Newman Street, and once heard him repeat a passage in one + of the letters which was not then published. A more correct and veracious + man than Mr. R. West could not be. Maclean stammered, and was + consequently of no use to Lord Shelburne as a debater and supporter in + parliament. A place in the East Indies was obtained for him, and he + sailed in the Aurora frigate for that dependency, and was lost in her at + the same time with Falconer, the author of the poem entitled <i>The + Shipwreck</i>. The able tract published by Mr. Pickering, Piccadilly, + would constitute a fair foundation on which to build the inquiry.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ægrotus.</span></p> + + <p><i>Pursuits of Literature</i> (Vol. iii., p. 240.).—I trust that + the following notes may be useful in assisting your correspondent + S. T. D. to ascertain "how the author of the <i>Pursuits of + Literature</i> became known." The first edition of the first part of the + <i>Pursuits of Literature</i> appears to have been published in quarto, + by J. Owen, 168. Piccadilly, in 1794. In a volume of pamphlets I have the + above bound up with the following:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Sphinx's Head Broken: or a Poetical Epistle, with notes to <span + class="sc">Thomas James M*th**s</span>, Cl*rk to the Q***n's Tr**s*r*r. + Proving him to be the author of the Pursuits of Literature: a Satirical + Poem. With occasional Digressions and Remarks. By Andrew Œdipus, an + injured Author. London: Printed for J. Bell, No. 148. Oxford Street, + opposite New Bond Street, <span class="scac">MDCCXCVIII</span>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This epistle is a very severe castigation for Mathias, whom + Œdipus styles the "little black jogging man," whose</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Politics and religion are very well, but he is a detestable pedant, + and his head is a lumber-garret of Greek quotations, which he raps out as + a juggler does ribbands at a country fair."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And speaking of "Chuckle Bennet," he calls him in a note,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A good calf-headed bookseller in Pall Mall, the intimate confidant + and crony of little M*th**s, and who, upon Owen's bankruptcy, published + Part IV. of <i>Pursuits of Literature</i> himself."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Of Owen, who published Part I., our author says: <!-- Page 379 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page379"></a>{379}</span></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Hither the sly little fellow got crony Becket to send his satirical + trumpery;"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>which is further explained in the following note:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Becket's back door is in an alley close to his house; here have I + often seen little M*th**s jog in and sit upon thorns for fear of being + seen, in the back-parlour, chattering matters over with old Numscull. + After passing through many hands, the proof sheets at last <i>very + slily</i> reached little M*th**s that he might revise the learned + lumber."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>After alluding to several pieces published by Mathias, our unmerciful + critic adds in another note:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It is very remarkable how strongly the characteristic features of + identity of authorship are marked in these several pieces; the little man + had not even the wit to print them in a different manner, yet strange to + tell, few, very few, could smell the he-goat!</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Who reads thy <i>hazy weather</i> but must swear,</p> + <p class="hg1">'Tis Thomas James M*th**s to a hair!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mercurii.</span></p> + + <p><i>Dutch Books</i> (Vol. iii., p. 326.).—<span + class="sc">Martinus</span> is probably aware that the library of the + Fagel family is now a part of the University Library of Dublin, and that + it contains a very fine collection of Dutch literature, in which it is + very possible some of the books of which he is in search may be + found.</p> + + <p>The auction catalogue prepared in 1800, when the library was to have + been sold by auction, had it not been purchased by the University of + Dublin, is printed, and a copy of it is at his service, if he will inform + me through you how to send it to him.</p> + + <p>This library contains many rare tracts and documents well worthy of + Mr. Macaulay's attention, if he is about to continue his history of the + Revolution; but I have not heard whether he has made any inquiry after + them, or whether he is aware of their existence. There is a curious MS. + catalogue of them in the possession of the University, which was too + voluminous to be printed, when the library was about to be sold.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hibernicus.</span></p> + + <p><i>Engilbert, Archbishop of Treves</i> (Vol. i., p 214.).—There + can be no doubt that the bishop's reference is incorrect, and the + suggestion of T. J. (Vol. iii., p. 291.) to consult the reprint of 1840 + affords no aid in setting it right; for there we find (p. 178.) a note as + follows:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"There was no Engilbert, Archbishop of Treves, nor is there any work + in this name in Goldasti."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have, however, consulted Mr. Bowden's <i>Life and Pontificate of + Gregory VII.</i>, in order, if possible, to find a clue; and in a note in + vol. ii. p. 246. of that work is a statement of the hesitation of the + Pope on the doctrine of the eucharist, with a reference as follows:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Vid. <i>Egilberti</i> archiep. Trevir. epist. adv. Greg. VII., in + Eccardi Corp. historic. Medii Ævi. t. ii. p. 170."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This reference I have verified, and found in the epistle of Egilbertus + the passage which, no doubt, Bishop Cosin refers to, and which Mr. Bowden + cites:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"En verus pontifex et sacerdos, qui dubitat si illud quod sumatur in + dominicâ mensâ sit verum corpus et sanguis Christi!"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>So much for that part of the difficulty, but another still remains. + Was there ever an Egilbertus, or Engilbertus, Archbishop of Treves? To + solve this question I consulted a list of the Archbishops of Treves in + the <i>Bibliothèque Sacrée</i> of Richard et Giraud, and I there find the + following statement:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Engelbert</i>, grand-prévôt de Passau, fut intrus par la faveur de + l'empereur Henri IV., et sacré par des évêques schismatiques. Il mourut + en 1101."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tyro.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Dublin.</p> + + <p><i>Charles Lamb's Epitaph</i> (Vol. iii., p. 322.).—According to + Mr. Thorne (<i>Rambles by Rivers</i>, 1st series, p. 190.) the + inscription in the churchyard at Edmonton, to the memory of Charles Lamb, + was written "by his friend, Dr. Carey, the translator of 'Dante.'" Mr. + Thorne gives an anecdote concerning this inscription which I venture to + transcribe, in the expectation that it may interest your correspondent + <span class="sc">Maria S.</span>, and others of your numerous + readers.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"We heard a piece of criticism on this inscription that Lamb would + have enjoyed. As we were copying it, a couple of canal excavators came + across the churchyard, and read it over with great deliberation; when + they had finished, one of them said, 'A very fair bit of poetry that;' + 'Yes,' replied his companion, 'I'm blest if it isn't as good a bit as any + in the churchyard; rather too long, though.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>By "Dr. Carey," of course, is meant the Rev. Henry Francis Cary, M.A., + Vicar of Bromley Abbots, Staffordshire, and Assistant Librarian in the + British Museum, as he was the translator of "Dante," and an intimate + friend of Charles Lamb.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. H. Cooper.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Cambridge, April 28. 1851.</p> + + <p><i>Charles II. in Wales</i> (Vol. iii., p. 263.).—In answer to + <span class="sc">Davydd Gam's</span> Query, it may be observed that I + have never heard of the tradition in question, nor have I met with any + evidence to show that Charles II. was in any part of Wales at this + period. In "The true Narrative and Relation of his most sacred Majesty's + Escape from Worcester," <i>Selection from the Harleian Miscellany</i>, + 4to., p. 380., it is stated that the king meditated the scheme of + crossing into Wales from White Ladies, the house of the Penderells, but + that "the design was crossed." One of the "Boscobel Tracts," at p. 137., + treating of the same period, and compiled by the king himself in 1680, + mentions his <!-- Page 380 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page380"></a>{380}</span>intention of making his escape another + way, which was to get over the Severn into Wales, and so get either to + Swansea, or some other of the sea towns that he knew had commerce with + France; beside that he "remembered several honest gentlemen" that were of + his acquaintance. However, the scheme was abandoned, and the king fled to + the southward by Madeley, Boscobel, &c., to Cirencester, Bristol, and + into Dorsetshire, and thence to Brighton, where he embarked for France on + the 15th Oct., 1651.</p> + + <p>Lancaiach is still in possession of the Prichard family, descendants + of Col. Prichard.</p> + + <p>There is a tradition that Charles I. slept there on his way from + Cardiff Castle to Brecon, in 1645, and the tester of the bed in which his + Majesty slept is stated to have been in the possession of a Cardiff + antiquary now deceased. The facts of the case appear in the <i>Iter + Carolinum</i>, printed by Peck (<i>Desiderata Curiosa</i>). The king + stayed at Cardiff from the 29th July to the 5th August, 1645, on which + day he dined at Llancaiach, and supped at Brecon.</p> + + <p class="author">J. M. T.</p> + + <p>"<i>Ex Pede Herculem</i>" (Vol. iii., p. 302.).—The following + allusion to the foot of Hercules occurs in <i>Herodotus</i>, book iv. + section 82.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="Ichnos Hêrakleos phainousi en petrêi eneon, to oike men bêmati andros, esti de to megathos dipêchu, para ton Turên potamon." class="grk" + >Ἴχνος + Ἡρακλέος + φαίνουσι ἐν + πέτρῃ ἐνεὸν, + τὸ οικε μὲν + βήματι + ἀνδρὸς, ἔστι + δὲ τὸ + μέγαθος + δίπηχυ, παρὰ + τὸν Τύρην + ποταμὸν.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span class="sc">Alfred Gatty.</span></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The origin of this phrase is connected with the following + story:—A certain Greek (whose name has for the present escaped me, + but who must have been ready to contribute to the "<span class="sc">Notes + and Queries</span>" of his time) was one day observed carefully + "stepping" over the <span title="aulos" class="grk" + >αὐλός</span> or footrace-course at + Olympia; and he gave as a reason for so doing, that when that race-course + was originally marked out, it was exactly six hundred times as long as + Hercules' foot (that being the distance Hercules could run without taking + breath): so that by ascertaining how many times the length of his own + foot is contained, he would know how much Hercules' foot exceeded his + foot in length, and might therefrom calculate how much Hercules' stature + exceeded that of ordinary men of those degenerate days.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Eastwood.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Ecclesfield.</p> + + <p>This proverb does not appear to be of classical origin. Several + proverbs of a similar meaning are collected in Diogenian, v. 15. The most + common is, <span title="ek tôn onuchôn ton leonta" class="grk" + >ἐκ τῶν ὀνύχων + τὸν λέοντα</span>, <i>ex + ungue leonem</i>. The allusion to Hercules is probably borrowed from some + fable.</p> + + <p class="author">L.</p> + + <p><i>Bucaneers</i> (Vol. i., p. 400.).—Your correspondent C. will + find an interesting account of the Bucaneers in a poem by M. Poirié St. + Aurèle, entitled <i>Le Flibustier</i>, and published by Ambroise Dupont + & Co., Paris, 1827. The Introduction and Notes furnish some curious + particulars relative to the origin, progress, and dissolution of those + once celebrated pirates, and to the daring exploits of their principal + leaders, Montauban, Grammont, Monbars, Vand-Horn, Laurent de Graff, and + Sir H. Morgan. The book contains many facts which go far to support Bryan + Edwards's favourable opinion. I may add that the author derives the + French word <i>flibustier</i> from the English <i>freebooter</i>, and the + English word <i>bucaneer</i> from the French <i>boucanier</i>; which + latter word is derived from <i>boucan</i>, an expression used by the + Caribs to describe the place where they assembled to make a repast of + their enemies taken in war.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry H. Breen.</span></p> + + <p class="address">St. Lucia, March, 1851.</p> + + <p><i>God's Acre</i> (Vol. iii., p. 284.).—By a <i>Saxon</i> + phrase, <span class="sc">Mr. Longfellow</span> undoubtedly meant + <i>German</i>. In Germany <i>Gottes-acker</i> is a name for churchyard; + and it is to be found in Wachter's <i>Glossarium Germanicum</i>, as well + as in modern dictionaries. It is true there is the other word + <i>Kirchhof</i>, perhaps of more modern date.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<b>Gots-aker.</b> Cæmeterium. Quasi ager Dei, quia corpora + defunctorum fidelium comparantur semini. 1 Cor. xv. 36., observante + Keyslero in <i>Antiq. Septentr.</i> p. 109."—Wachter's <i>Gloss. + Germanicum</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Very interesting are also the other allegorical names which have been + given to the burial-places of the dead. They are enlarged upon in + Minshew's <i>Guide to Tongues</i>, under the head "Churchyard."</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Cæmeterium (from the Greek), signifying a dormitory or place of + sleep. And a Hebrew term (so Minshew says), Beth-chajim, <i>i. e.</i> + domus viventium, 'The house of the living,' in allusion to the + resurrection."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Our matter-of-fact "Church-<i>yard</i> or inclosure" falls dull on the + ear and mind after any of the above titles.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hermes.</span></p> + + <p><i>God's Acre.</i>—The term <i>God's Acre</i>, as applied to a + church-garth, would seem to designate the consecrated ground set apart as + the resting-place of His faithful departed, sown with immortal seed (1 + Cor. xv. 38.), which shall be raised in glory at the great harvest (Matt. + xiii. 39.; Rev. xiv. 15.). The church-yard is "dedicated wholly and only + for Christian burial," and "the bishop and ordinary of the diocese, as + <i>God's minister, in God's stead accepts it</i> as a freewill offering, + to be severed from all former profane and common uses, to be held as holy + ground," and "to be <i>God's storehouse</i> for the bodies of His saints + there to be interred." See "Bishop Andrewes' Form of Consecration of a + Churchyard," <i>Minor Works</i>, pp. 328-333., Oxf., 1846.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.</span></p> + +<p><!-- Page 381 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page381"></a>{381}</span></p> + + <p>P.S. When was the name of <i>Poet's Corner</i> first attached to the + south transept of Westminster Abbey?</p> + + <p class="address">Jermyn Street.</p> + + <p><i>Abbot Eustacius</i>, of whom J. L. (Vol. iii., p. 141.) asks, was + the Abbot of Flay, and came over from Normandy to England, and preached + all through this kingdom with much effect in the beginning of John's + reign, <span class="scac">A. D.</span> 1200, as Roger Hovedene tells us, + <i>Annal.</i>, ed. Savile, London, 1596, <i>fos.</i> 457. <i>b</i>, 466. + <i>b.</i> Wendover (iii. 151.) and Matt. Paris <i>in anno</i>, mention + him.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">D. Rock.</span></p> + + <p><i>Vox Populi Vox Dei</i> (Vol. iii., p. 288.) is, I find, a much + older proverb in England than Edward III.'s reign, for whose coronation + sermon it was chosen the text, not by Simon Mepham, but Walter Reynolds, + as your correspondent <span class="sc">St. Johns</span> rightly says. + Speaking of the way in which St. Odo yielded his consent to the Abp. of + Canterbury, circ. <span class="scac">A. D.</span> 920, William of + Malmesbury writes: "Recogitans illud proverbium, <i>Vox populi vox + Dei</i>."—<i>De Gestis Pont.</i>, L. i. fo. 114., ed. Savile.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">D. Rock.</span></p> + + <p><i>Francis Moore and his Almanack</i> (Vol. iii., p. 263.).—Mr. + Knight, in his <i>London</i>, vol. iii. p. 246., throws a little light on + this subject:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The renowned Francis Moore seems to have made his first appearance + about the end of the seventeenth century. He published a <i>Kalendarium + Ecclesiasticum</i> in 1699, and his earliest <i>Vox Stellarum</i> or + <i>Almanac</i>, as far as we can discover, came out in 1701," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>But Mr. Knight is not sure that "Francis Moore" was not a <i>nom de + guerre</i>, although at p. 241. he gives the portrait of the "Physician" + from an anonymous print, published in 1657.</p> + + <p class="author">A. A.</p> + + <p class="address">Abridge.</p> + + <p>There is an Irish edition published in Drogheda, sold for threepence, + and <i>embellished</i> with a portrait of Francis Moore. Can Ireland + claim this worthy? Many farmers and others rely much on the weather + prophecies of this almanack. A tenant of mine always announces to me + triumphantly that "Moore is right:" but his triumphs come at very long + intervals.</p> + + <p class="author">K.</p> + + <p>I can answer part of H. P. W.'s Query. Francis Moore's celebrated + <i>Almanack</i> first appeared in 1698. We have this date upon his own + confession. Before his <i>Almanack</i> for 1771 is a letter which begins + thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Kind Reader,</p> + </div> + </div> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This being the 73rd year since my Almanack first appeared to the + world, and having for several years presented you with observations that + have come to pass to the admiration of many, I have likewise presented + you with several hieroglyphics," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p> + + <p>That such a personage really did exist there can be little doubt, + Bromley (in <i>Engraved Portraits, &c.</i>) gives 1657 as the date of + his birth, and says that there was a portrait of him by Drapentier <i>ad + vivum</i>. Lysons mentions him as one of the remarkable men who, at + different periods, resided at Lambeth, and says that his house was in + Calcott's Alley, High Street, then called Back Lane, where he seems to + have enlightened his generation in the threefold capacity of astrologer, + physician, and schoolmaster.</p> + + <p class="author">J. C. B.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>Professor De Morgan has just furnished a new contribution to <i>L' Art + de vérifier les Dates</i>, in the shape of a small but most useful and + practical book, entitled <i>The Book of Almanacks, with an Index of + Reference, by which the Almanack may be found for every year, whether in + the Old Style or New, from any Epoch Ancient or Modern up to</i> <span + class="scac">A. D.</span> 2000. <i>With means of finding the Day of any + New or Full Moon from</i> <span class="scac">B. C.</span> 2000 <i>to</i> + <span class="scac">A. D.</span> 2000. An example will show, better even + than this ample title-page, the great utility of this work to the + historical enquirer. Walter Scott, speaking of the battle of Bannockburn, + which was fought on the day of St. John the Baptist, June 24, 1314, + says,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"It was a night of lovely June,</p> + <p>High rose in cloudless blue the moon."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Now, should the reader be desirous of testing the accuracy of this + statement, (and how many statements have ere this been tested by the fact + of the moon's age!), he turns to Professor De Morgan's Index, which at + 1314 gives Epact 3., Dominical Letter F., Number of Almanack 17. Turning + to this almanack, he finds that the 24th June was on a Monday; from the + Introduction (p. xiii.) and a very easy calculation, he learns that the + full moon of June, 1314, would be on the 27th, or within a day, and from + a more exact method (at p. xiv.), that the full moon was within two hours + of nine A.M., on the 28th. So that Sir Walter was correct, there being + more than half moon on the night of which he was speaking. Such an + instance as the one cited will show how valuable the <i>Book of + Almanacks</i> must prove to all historical students, and what a ready + test it furnishes as to accuracy of dates, &c. It must take its place + on every shelf beside Sir H. Nicolas' <i>Chronology of History</i>.</p> + + <p>We doubt not that many of our readers share our feeling as to the + importance of children's books, from the influence they may be destined + to exercise upon generations yet unborn. To all such we shall be doing + acceptable service by pointing out Mrs. Alfred Gatty's little volume, + <i>The Fairy Godmothers and other Tales</i>, as one which combines the + two essentials of good books for children; namely, imagination to + attract, and sound morals to instruct. Both these requisites will be + found in Mrs. Gatty's most pleasing collection of tales, which do not + require the very clever frontispiece by Miss Barker to render the volume + an acceptable gift to all "good little Masters and Mistresses." <!-- Page + 382 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page382"></a>{382}</span></p> + + <p>Messrs. Sotheby and Wilkinson (3. Wellington Street, Strand) will + commence on Monday a six-days' Sale of most interesting Autograph + Letters, Historical Documents, and original MSS. of distinguished + writers, as that of <i>Kenilworth</i> in the Autograph of Sir W. Scott, + of <i>Madoc</i> in that of Southey, unpublished poems by Burns, and <i>Le + Second Manuscrit venu de St. Hélène</i>. One of the most curious Lots is + No. 1035, Shakspeare's play of <i>Henry IV.</i>, two parts condensed into + one,—a contemporary and unique Manuscript, being the only one known + to exist of any of the productions by the Sweet Bard of Avon. It is + presumed to be a playhouse copy with corrections in the Autograph of Sir + Edward Deering of Surrenden, in Kent, (who died in 1644); and, as no + printed copy is known to contain the various corrections and alterations + therein, is supposed to have been so corrected for the purposes of + private representation, it being well known that theatricals formed a + portion of the amusements in vogue at that baronet's country seat during + the early portion of the reign of James I. Our readers will remember that + the Shakspeare Society showed their sense of its value by printing it + under the editorship of Mr. Halliwell.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Catalogues Received.</span>—Emerson Charnley's + (45. Bigg Market, Newcastle-upon-Tyne) Catalogue Part IV. of Books Old + and New; W. Brown's (46. High Holborn) Catalogue Part LIII. of Valuable + Second-hand Books.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p><span class="sc">Diana (Antoninus) Compendium Resolutionem + Moralium.</span> Antwerp.-Colon. 1634-57.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Passionael efte dat Levent der Heiligen.</span> + Folio. Basil, 1522.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Cartari—La Rosa d'Oro Pontificia.</span> 4to. + Rome, 1681.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Broemel, M. C. H., Fest-Tanzen der Ersten + Christen.</span> Jena, 1705.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Complaynt of Scotland</span>, edited by Leyden. + 8vo. Edin. 1801.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Thom's Lays and Legends of various Nations.</span> + Parts I. to VII. 12mo. 1834.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">L'Abbé de Saint Pierre, Projet de Paix + Perpetuelle.</span> 3 Vols. 12mo. Utrecht, 1713.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Chevalier Ramsay, Essai de Politique</span>, où l'on + traite de la Nécessité, de l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes en des + différentes Formes de la Souveraineté, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de + Télémaque. 2 Vols. 12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719.</p> + + <p>The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le + Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fénélon," 12mo. Londres, + 1721.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Pullen's Etymological Compendium</span>, 8vo.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Cooper's (C. P.) Account of Public Records</span>, + 8vo. 1822. Vol. I.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Lingard's History of England.</span> Sm. 8vo. 1837. + Vols. X. XI. XII. XIII.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Miller's (John, of Worcester Coll.) Sermons.</span> + Oxford, 1831 (or about that year).</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, carriage free, to + be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of "NOTES AND + QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p><i>Although we have this week again enlarged our paper to twenty-four + pages, we have been compelled to postpone many interesting articles. + Among these we may particularise "Illustrations of Chaucer, No. VI.," a + valuable paper by</i> <span class="sc">Mr. Singer</span> <i>on "John + Tradescant," and another on the "Tradescent Family" by</i> <span + class="sc">Mr. Pinkerton</span>; <i>and many Replies</i>.</p> + + <p>A. X. <i>The Brussels edition of the</i> Biographie Universelle <i>is + in 21 vols. Bickers of Leicester Square marks a copy half-bound in 7 + vols. at Five Guineas.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Trivia</span> <i>and</i> A. A. D. <i>The oft-quoted + line</i> "<span class="sc">Tempora Mutantur</span>," &c., <i>is from + Borbonius</i>. <i>See</i> "<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," + Vol. i., pp. 234. 419.</p> + + <p>A. A. D. <i>is referred to</i> p. 357. <i>of our last Number for an + explanation of "Mind your Ps and Qs."</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Nemo's</span> <i>Query respecting Pope Joan was + inserted in</i> No. 75. p. 265.; <i>a Reply to it appears in</i> No. 77. + p. 306.; <i>and we have several more communications to which we hope to + give insertion next week</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Replies + Received.</span>—<i>Ramasse—Prayer at the Healing—M. or + N.—Deans Very Reverend—Family of the + Tradescants—Epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke—West + Chester—Demosthenes and New Testament—Pope + Joan—Handbills at Funerals—Ventriloquist + Hoax—Solid-hoofed Pigs—Aerial Apparitions—Apple-pie + Order—Wife of James Torre—Snail-eating—Epigram by T. + Dunbar.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Vols.</span> I. <i>and</i> II., <i>each with very + copious Index, may still be had, price</i> 9<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> + <i>each</i>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> <i>may be procured, by + order, of all Booksellers and Newsvenders. It is published at noon on + Friday, so that our country Subscribers ought not to experience any + difficulty in procuring it regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, + &c., are, probably, not yet aware of this arrangement, which will + enable them to receive</i> <span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span> + <i>in their Saturday parcels</i>.</p> + + <p><i>All communications for the Editor of</i> <span class="sc">Notes and + Queries</span> <i>should be addressed to the care of</i> <span + class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, No. 186. Fleet Street.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Errata.</span>—Page 336. l. 4. for + "Burkdo<i>n</i>" read "Burkdo<i>u</i>." (i. e. Bourdeaux); p. 341. l. 11. + for "la<i>u</i>rando" read "la<i>ce</i>rando;" and in p. 352. instead of + between the years "1825 and 1850," read "1825 and 1830;" and we are + requested to add that the churchwardens' account of S. Mary de Castro, + Leicester, had disappeared from the parish chest long prior to the time + mentioned.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">PRINTING.</p> + + <p>A LECTURE, SPEECH, SERMON, OR ORATION, occupying about three quarters + of an hour in delivery, printed on good paper, in bold clear type: 500 + copies, 3<i>l.</i> 17<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; 1000 copies, 5<i>l.</i> + 10<i>s.</i> 1000 Circulars, Note Size, printed on Cream-laid Note Paper, + fly leaf, 17<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 1000 Ditto, on Superfine Cream-laid + Letter Paper, fly leaf, 1<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bateman</span> and <span class="sc">Hardwicke</span>, 38. Carey Street, Lincoln's Inn.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This day is published, fcap. 8vo., price 5<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p>PLEASURES, OBJECTS, and ADVANTAGES of LITERATURE. By the Rev. <span + class="sc">R. A. Willmott</span>, St. Catherine's, Bear Wood, Author of + "Jeremy Taylor, a Biography."</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">T. Bosworth</span>, 215. Regent Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">NEW WORK BY PROFESSOR DE MORGAN.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">This day, in One Volume, oblong 8vo., price 5<i>s.</i>, cloth,</p> + + <p>THE BOOK OF ALMANACS; with INDEX, by which the Almanac belonging to + any Year preceding <span class="scac">A. D.</span> 2000 can be found; + with means of finding New and Full Moons from <span + class="scac">B. C.</span> 2000 to <span class="scac">A. D.</span> 2000. + By <span class="sc">Augustus De Morgan</span>, Professor of Mathematics + in University College, London.</p> + + <p>The "Book of Almanacs" will enable any one to lay open before him the + whole Almanac of any past year, of the present year, or of any future + year, up to <span class="scac">A. D.</span> 2000, whether in old style or + new, by one consultation of a simple Index. This book will be useful to + all who ever want an Almanac, past, present, or future;—to + Clergymen, as a perpetual index to the Sundays and Festivals;—to + Lawyers in arranging evidence which runs over a long period, and to + Courts of Law in hearing it;—to Historical and Antiquarian + Inquirers, in testing statements as to time and date;—to all, in + fact, who are ever required to interest themselves about time past or + future.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Taylor</span>, <span class="sc">Walton</span>, and <span class="sc">Maberly</span>, Upper Gower Street, and Ivy +Lane, Paternoster Row.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, royal 8vo., pp. 1653. 21<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A COPIOUS AND CRITICAL LATIN-ENGLISH LEXICON, founded on the larger + Latin-German Lexicon of <span class="sc">Dr. William Freund</span>; with + Additions and Corrections from the Lexicons of Gesner, Facciolati, + Scheller, Georges, &c. &c. By <span class="sc">E. A. + Andrews</span>, LL.D.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">Sampson Low</span>, 169. Fleet Street.<br /> +New York: <span class="sc">Harper</span> and <span class="sc">Brothers</span>.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 383 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page383"></a>{383}</span></p> + +<table> +<tr><td valign="top"> + + <div class="figleft" style="width:80%;"> + <a href="images/french.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/french.png" + alt="Gilbert French manufacturer's plate" title="Gilbert French manufacturer's plate" /></a> + </div> +</td><td> + +<h2>GREAT EXHIBITION.</h2> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>CENTRAL AVENUE.</h3> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>An Illustrated Priced Catalogue of Church Furniture Contributed by</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>GILBERT J. FRENCH,</p> + <p><span class="sc">Bolton, Lancashire,</span></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>forwarded Free by Post on application.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>Parcels delivered Carriage Free in London, daily.</p> + +</td></tr></table> + +<div style="clear: both"></div> +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">CATALOGUES OF JOHN RUSSELL +SMITH'S LITERARY COLLECTIONS.</p> + + <p>1. Parts I. and II. of a Classified Catalogue of 25,000 Ancient and + Modern Pamphlets.</p> + + <p>2. Books on the History and Topography of Great Britain, arranged in + Counties.</p> + + <p>3. Twelve Hundred Books and Pamphlets relating to America.</p> + + <p>4. Five Hundred Books relating to the Counties of Kent, Sussex, and + Surrey.</p> + + <p>5. Ancient Manuscripts, Deeds, Charters, and other Documents relating + to English Families and Counties.</p> + + <p>6. Parts II. and III. for 1851, of Choice, Useful, and Curious Books, + in most Classes of Literature, containing 1600 articles.</p> + + <p>*** Any of the above Catalogues may be had, gratis, on application, or + any one will be sent by post on receipt of four postage labels to frank + it.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, 12mo. cloth, 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE DIALECT AND FOLK-LORE OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. A Glossary of + Northamptonshire Provincialisms, Collection of Fairy-Legends, Popular + Superstitions, &c. By <span class="sc">Thomas Sternberg</span>.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A skilful attempt to record a local dialect."—<i>Notes and + Queries</i>, No. 72.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Mr Sternberg has evinced a striking and peculiar aptitude for this + branch of enquiry."—<i>Northampton Mercury.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The notes on Folk-lore are curious, and worthy + consultation."—<i>Gentleman's Magazine.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">J. Russell Smith</span>, 4. Old Compton Street, Soho, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND +ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE NEW PRINCIPLE.</p> + + <p>Payment of premiums may be occasionally suspended without forfeiting + the policy, on a new and valuable plan, adopted by this society only, as + fully detailed in the prospectus.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">A. Scratchley, M.A.</span>,</p> + + <p>Actuary and Secretary; Author of "Industrial Investment and + Emigration; being a Second Edition of a Treatise on Benefit Building + Societies, &c." Price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: <span class="sc">J. W. Parker</span>, West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <div class="figcenter" style="width:30%;"> + <a href="images/tomb.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/tomb.png" + alt="Chaucer's Tomb" title="Chaucer's Tomb" /></a> + </div> +<h3>COMMITTEE FOR THE REPAIR +OF THE +TOMB OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER.</h3> + + <p>JOHN BRUCE, Esq., Treas. S.A., 5, Upper Gloucester Street, Dorset + Square.</p> + + <p>J. PAYNE COLLIER, Esq., V.P.S.A., Geys House, Maidenhead.</p> + + <p>PETER CUNNINGHAM, Esq., F.S.A., Madeley Villas, Kensington.</p> + + <p>WILLIAM RICHARD DRAKE, Esq., F.S.A., <i>Honorary Treasurer</i>, 46. + Parliament Street.</p> + + <p>THOMAS W. KING, Esq., F.S.A., York Herald, College of Arms, St. + Paul's.</p> + + <p>SIR FREDERICK MADDEN, K.H., British Museum.</p> + + <p>JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, Esq., F.S.A., 25. Parliament St.</p> + + <p>HENRY SHAW, Esq., F.S.A., 37. Southampton Row, Russell Square.</p> + + <p>SAMUEL SHEPHERD, Esq., F.S.A., Marlborough Square, Chelsea.</p> + + <p>WILLIAM J. THOMS, Esq., F.S.A., <i>Honorary Secretary</i>, 25. + Holy-Well Street, Millbank, Westminster.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Tomb of Geoffrey Chaucer in Westminster + Abbey</span> stands in need of repair. The portrait and the inscriptions + have disappeared; the overhanging canopy has suffered damage; the table + is chipped and broken; the base is fast mouldering into irretrievable + decay.</p> + + <p>Such an announcement is calculated to stir every heart that can + respond to the claims of poetry, or feel grateful for the delight which + it affords to every cultivated mind. It summons us, like the sound of a + trumpet, "To the rescue!" It cannot be that the first and almost the + greatest of English bards should ever be allowed to want a fitting + memorial in our "Poet's Corner," or that the monument which was erected + by the affectionate respect of Nicholas Brigham, nearly three centuries + ago, should, in our time, be permitted to crumble into dust.</p> + + <p>A sum under One Hundred Pounds will effect a perfect repair.</p> + + <p>It is thought that there can be no difficulty in raising such a sum, + and that multitudes of people in various conditions of life, and even in + distant quarters of the globe, who venerate the name of Chaucer, and have + derived instruction and delight from his works, will be anxious to + contribute their mite to the good deed.</p> + + <p>The Committee have therefore not thought it right to fix any limit to + the subscription; they themselves, with the aid of several distinguished + noblemen and gentlemen, have opened the list with a contribution from + each of them of Five Shillings, but they will be ready to receive any + amount, more or less, which those who value poetry and honour Chaucer may + be kind enough to remit to them.</p> + + <p>The design of the Committee is sanctioned by the approval of the Earl + of Carlisle, the Earl of Ellesmere, the Earl of Shaftesbury, Lord + Braybrooke. Lord Londesborough, Lord Mahon, the Right Hon. C. W. W. Wynn, + and by the concurrence of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster.</p> + + <p>An account of the sums received and expended will be published when + the work is completed.</p> + + <p>Subscriptions are received by all the members of the Committee, and at + the Union Bank, Pall Mall East. Post-office orders may be made payable to + William Richard Drake, Esq., the Treasurer, 46. Parliament Street, at the + Charing Cross Office.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 384 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page384"></a>{384}</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">In a few days will be published, in One handsome Volume 8vo., profusely Illustrated with Engravings by Jewitt,</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Some Account of Domestic Architecture in England;</p> + +<p class="cenhead">FROM</p> + +<p class="cenhead">THE CONQUEST TO THE END OF THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">WITH</p> + +<p class="cenhead">NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS OF EXISTING REMAINS FROM ORIGINAL DRAWINGS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">BY T. HUDSON TURNER.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><b>The Table of Contents of this Volume will best explain its Object.</b></p> + +<p class="cenhead">INTRODUCTION.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>The Romans in England—Their Villas and Houses—Ordinary + Plan of a Roman House—Method of Building—The + Saxons—Their Style of Building; they probably occupied Roman + Houses—A Saxon Hall—Houses of Winchester and London in the + Saxon Period—Decoration of Buildings—Romanesque Style of + Architecture introduced during the Saxon Period—Drawings in Saxon + MSS., their Character and Value as Architectural Evidence—The + Greek, or Byzantine School; its Influence on Saxon Art—Antiquity of + Chimneys; None at Rome in the Fourteenth Century—Character of the + Military Buildings of the Saxons—The Castles of Coningsburgh and + Bamborough later than the Saxon Period—Arundel, the only Castle + said to have been standing in the time of the Confessor—Norman + Castles—Domestic Architecture of the Normans—Stone + Quarries—Use of Plaster—Bricks and Tiles—Brickmaking, + its Antiquity in England—Masons and other + Workmen—Glazing—Iron Works in England—Architectural + Designs of the Middle Ages, how made—Working Moulds of Masons, + &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">CHAPTER I.—TWELFTH CENTURY.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>General Remarks—Imperfect Character of existing Remains of the + Twelfth Century—Materials for the History of Domestic Architecture; + their Nature—General Plan of Houses at this + Date—Halls—Other Apartments of Ordinary + Houses—Bedchamber, Kitchen, Larder, &c.—King's Houses at + Clarendon and other Places—Hall, always the Chief Feature of a + Norman House—Alexander Necham, his Description of a + House—Plan of Norman Halls—Their Roofs—Situation of + other Apartments relatively to the Hall—Kitchens—Cooking in + the Open Air—Bayeux Tapestry—Remains of a Norman House at + Appleton, Berks—Fences, Walls, &c.—Some Norman Houses + built in the form of a Parallelogram, and of Two Stories—Boothby + Pagnell, Lincolnshire—Christ Church, Hants—Jews' House at + Lincoln—Moyses' Hall, Bury St. Edmund's—Staircases, Internal + and External—External Norman Stair at Canterbury—Houses at + Southampton—Building Materials—Use of Lead for + Roofs—English Lead exported to France—Style of Norman + Roofs—Metal Work; Hinges, Locks, Nail-heads, + &c.—Gloucester celebrated for its Iron + Manufactures—External Decoration of + Buildings—Windows—Glazing—Fire-places—Kitchens + open in the Roof—Hostelry of the Prior of Lewes—Internal + Walls Plastered—Furniture of Houses, Tapestry, &c—Floors + generally of Wood—Character London Houses in the Twelfth + Century—Assize of 1189 regulating Buildings in London—Assize + of the Year 1212 relating to the same Subject—- Majority of London + Houses chiefly of Wood and Thatched—Wages of + Workmen—Cookshops on Thames Side—Chimneys not mentioned in + the London Assizes, &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">CHAPTER II.—EXISTING REMAINS.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Oakham Castle, Rutlandshire—The King's House, + Southampton—Minster, Isle of Thanet—Christ Church, + Hants—Manor-house at Appleton—Sutton Courtney, + Berks—St. Mary's Guild, and Jews' Houses, Lincoln—Staircase, + Canterbury—Warnford, Hants—Fountain's Abbey—Priory, + Dover—Moyses' Hall, Bury St. Edmund's—Hostelry of the Prior + of Lewes, Southwark—Boothby Pagnell, Lincolnshire—Barnack, + Northamptonshire—School of Pythagoras, Cambridge—Notes on + Remains of Early Domestic Architecture in France.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">CHAPTER III.—THIRTEENTH CENTURY.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>General Remarks—Hall at Winchester—Reign of Henry III. + remarkable for the Progress of Architecture—Condition of Norman + Castles in the Thirteenth Century—Plan of Manor-houses at this + Date—House built for Edward I. at Woolmer, Hants—Description + of House at Toddington, by M. Paris—Meaning of term + <i>Palatium</i>—Longthorpe, Stoke-Say Castle—West Deane, + Sussex—Aydon Castle—Little Wenham Hall—Two Halls at + Westminster, temp Henry III.—Temporary Buildings erected at + Westminster for the Coronation of Edward I.—Private Hospitality in + this Century—Kitchens—Wardrobes—Influence of Feudal + Manners on Domestic Architecture—Building Materials—Wood + extensively used—Manor-house of Timber engraved on a Personal + Seal—Extensive Use of Plaster—Roofs of the Thirteenth + Century—Windows—Glass and Glazing—Digression on the + History of Glass-making in England—No Glass made in England until + the Fifteenth Century—Wooden Lattices, Fenestrals, + &c.—Fire-places and Chimneys—Mantels—Staircases, + External and Internal—Internal Decoration of + Houses—Wainscote—Polychrome—Artists of the Time of + Henry III.; their Style—Their Names—Spurs, Screens, + &c.—Tapestry not used in Private Dwellings in the Thirteenth + Century. Flooring—Tiles—Baths Cameræ Privatæ—Conduits + and Drains—Houses in Towns—Parisian Houses—Other + Foreign Examples—Furniture—Carpets—General State of + England in the Thirteenth Century—State of Towns—London and + Winchester + compared—Travelling—Hackneymen—Inns—State of + Trade in England—Agriculture—Remarks on Horticulture.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">CHAPTER IV.—THIRTEENTH CENTURY.—EXISTING +REMAINS.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Aydon Castle, Northumberland—Godmersham, Kent—Little + Wenham Hall, Suffolk—Longthorpe, near Peterborough—Charney + Basset, Berks—Master's House, St. John's Hospital, + Northampton—Stoke-Say Castle, Shropshire—Coggs, + Oxfordshire—Cottesford, Oxfordshire—Parsonage House, West + Tarring, Sussex—Archdeacon's House, Peterborough—Crowhurst, + Sussex—Bishop's Palace, Wells—Woodcroft Castle, + Northamptonshire—Old Rectory House, West Deane, Sussex—Acton + Burnell, Shropshire—Somerton Castle, Lincolnshire—Old Soar, + Kent—The King's Hall at Winchester—The Priory, + Winchester—Stranger's Hall, Winchester—House at Oakham, known + as Flore's House—Thame, Oxfordshire—Chipping-Norton, + Oxfordshire—Middleton Cheney, Oxfordshire—Sutton Courtney, + Berkshire.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">CHAPTER V.—HISTORICAL ILLUSTRATIONS.</p> + + <p>Extracts from the Liberate Rolls of Henry III., 1229-1259, relating to + the following places:—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Bridgenorth — Brigstock — Brill — Bristol — + Canterbury — Clarendon — Cliff — Clipstone — + Corfe Castle — Dover — Dublin — Evereswell — + Feckenham — Freemantle — Geddington — Gillingham + — Gloucester — Guildford — Havering — Hereford + — Hertford — Kennington — Litchfield — London, + (Tower) — Ely House — Ludgershall — Marlborough — + Newcastle — Northampton — Nottingham — Oxford — + Rochester — Sherbourn — Silverstone — Westminster + — Winchester — Windsor — Woodstock.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES OF FOREIGN EXAMPLES.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>General Remarks — Treves — Laon — Ratisbon — + Gondorf — Metz — Toulouse — Laon — Brée — + Coucy — Carden — Tours — Angers — Fontevrault, + (Kitchen) — Perigueux — St. Emilion — Mont St. Michel + — Beauvais.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">APPENDIX OF DOCUMENTS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">OXFORD: JOHN HENRY PARKER; AND 377. STRAND, LONDON.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 8. New + Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Brid in + the City of London; and published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, + of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan the West, in the + City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street + aforesaid.—Saturday, May 10. 1851.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 80, May 10, +1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 32495-h.htm or 32495-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/2/4/9/32495/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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