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diff --git a/31951.txt b/31951.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..8be0554 --- /dev/null +++ b/31951.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1932 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the +Chipmunks of Wyoming, by John A. White + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of Wyoming + +Author: John A. White + +Release Date: April 11, 2010 [EBook #31951] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHIPMUNKS OF WYOMING *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy +of the Chipmunks of Wyoming + + +By + +JOHN A. WHITE + + + +University of Kansas Publications + +Museum of Natural History + +Volume 5, No. 34, pp. 583-610, 3 figures in text + +December 1, 1953 + + + +University of Kansas +LAWRENCE +1953 + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, and Robert W. +Wilson + +Volume 5, No. 34, pp. 583-610, 3 figures in text + +December 1, 1953 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED BY +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1953 + + + + +CONTENTS + + + PAGE + +Purpose 586 + +Methods, Materials, and Acknowledgments 586 + +Variation 587 + Juveniles 587 + Young 587 + Subadults 588 + Adults 588 + Old adults 588 + +Key to the Species of Chipmunks Inhabiting Wyoming 589 + +Accounts of Species and Subspecies 590 + _Eutamias minimus_ 590 + _E. m. minimus_ 591 + _E. m. consobrinus_ 593 + _E. m. pallidus_ 594 + _E. m. confinis_ 596 + _E. m. silvaticus_ 597 + _E. m. operarius_ 598 + + _Eutamias amoenus_ 602 + _E. a. luteiventris_ 602 + + _Eutamias dorsalis_ 603 + _E. d. utahensis_ 604 + + _Eutamias umbrinus_ 606 + _E. u. umbrinus_ 606 + _E. u. fremonti_ 607 + _E. u. montanus_ 608 + +Review and Conclusions 609 + +Literature Cited 610 + + +FIGURES + +Figure 1. Subspecies of _Eutamias minimus_ 590 + +Figure 2. _Eutamias amoenus_ and _Eutamias dorsalis_ 604 + +Figure 3. Subspecies of _Eutamias umbrinus_ 605 + + + + +PURPOSE + +The purpose of the following account is to: (1) Show what kinds of +chipmunks occur in Wyoming; (2) point out the interrelationships +between these kinds; and (3) account, where possible, for the present +distribution of these animals in Wyoming. + + +METHODS, MATERIALS, AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS + + Capitalized color terms in the following accounts are of Ridgway, + "Color Standards and Color Nomenclature," Washington, D.C., 1912. + + The measurements of the skull that were used in this study were + made as shown in White (1953:566, fig. 1). These are: Greatest + length of skull, zygomatic breadth, cranial breadth, length of + nasals, length of lower tooth-row, condylo-alveolar length of + mandible, and inner mandibular length. + + Of the external measurements, only the total length and the length + of the tail are recorded in table 1. Some field collectors measured + the ear from the notch and others from the crown; most collectors + measured the length of the hindfoot to the nearest millimeter + rather than in tenths of a millimeter as would have been desirable. + Consequently, I decided against using the length of the ear and + hindfoot in this report. + + When the word "significantly" is used in comparisons, it is meant + to show that there is a significant statistical difference between + two or more samples. Whenever eight or more specimens from one + locality were available, the mean, range, standard deviation, + standard error of the mean, and coefficient of variability were + calculated. + + Only adult specimens were used in comparison. "Aging" of specimens + is discussed on page 587 of this paper. + + The geographic range of each species and subspecies is not + described in writing, for, the localities are plotted on maps along + with the geographic range of each subspecies, and under "specimens + examined" the locality of each specimen or series of specimens is + listed. + + In the synonymy of each subspecies there appears, first the first + usage of a name, second the first usage of the name combination now + employed, and third, pure synonyms. + + A total of 757 specimens of chipmunks are listed as examined in the + course of preparing this report. Additional specimens were less + carefully examined in the Biological Surveys Collection in + Washington, D.C. Specimens used in my study, unless otherwise + specified, are in the Museum of Natural History, University of + Kansas. The symbols representing the collections containing + specimens studied are as follows: + + BS--United States Biological Surveys Collection. + FC--Collection of James S. Findley. + MM--Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. + NM--United States National Museum. + KU--Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. + + I am grateful to Professor E. Raymond Hall for guidance in my study + and thank Doctors Robert W. Wilson, E. Lendell Cockrum, Keith R. + Kelson, A. Byron Leonard, Rollin H. Baker, and others at the Museum + of Natural History and Department of Zoology, University of Kansas, + for encouragement and advice. My wife, Alice M. White, made the + illustrations and helped me in many ways. + + For permission to borrow and to study specimens, I thank Dr. W. H. + Burt of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Miss Viola + S. Schantz of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Mr. + Colin C. Sanborn of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and Mr. + James S. Findley. + + Assistance with field work is acknowledged from the Kansas + University Endowment Association, the National Science Foundation + and the United States Navy, Office of Naval Research, through + contract No. NR161 791. + + +VARIATION + +Secondary sexual variation in chipmunks is small; the females are +slightly larger than the males. This difference in size is so slight +that it can be ignored when making taxonomic comparisons, for, large +samples of males and females of like age and from the same locality +were compared and were found statistically not to be significantly +different. This is in agreement with Johnson (1943:70) and Hall +(1946:329). + +Variations of taxonomic worth are treated in the accounts of species +and subspecies. + +Individual variation is slight, for, the analyses of measurements of +the skulls of series of specimens of like age, reveal markedly low +coefficients of variability resembling those published by Larrison +(1949). + +The age-categories here recognized are based primarily on the structure +of the skull. + +_Juveniles._--Nasals proportionally shorter and more pointed anteriorly +than in other categories; zygomatic arches more appressed to cranium; +suture separating basisphenoid and presphenoid noticeably "open"; +deciduous P4 and p4 show no wear through enamel; M3 and m3 not yet +erupted; peglike deciduous P3 strongly leaning posteriorly; molars show +no wear through enamel; parietals paperlike or thin; skull convex +dorsally; 1 to 1-1/2 months of age. + +_Young._--Nasals of adult proportions; zygomatic arches still +noticeably appressed anteriorly to cranium; suture between basisphenoid +and presphenoid still "open"; nasals rounded, no longer so pointed as +in juveniles; deciduous P4 and p4 show wear through enamel layer, and +in some specimens, permanent P4 and p4 can be seen beneath; roots of +deciduous P4 and p4 clearly show erosion beneath; M3 and m3 fully +erupted; peglike deciduous P3 still present; parietals noticeably +thicker and less paperlike; skull flattened (not so convex dorsally), +but not so flattened as in adults; 1-1/2 to 4 months of age. + +In both juveniles and young the P4 and p4 are deciduous and differ in +occlusal pattern from the permanent P4 and p4. In the deciduous P4 the +anterior cingulum is projected strongly anteriorly forming the apex of +the sharpest angle of a triangle, whereas the permanent P4 is +trapezoidal in occlusal pattern. In the deciduous p4 the protoconid and +metaconid are close together giving this tooth a triangular appearance +in occlusal pattern, whereas this pattern in permanent p4 is +trapezoidal (see Hall 1926:390). + +_Subadults._--Adult configuration of skull reached; suture between +basisphenoid and presphenoid completely closed; nasals rounded +anteriorly; permanent P4 and p4 show no wear through enamel layer; wear +through enamel layer of molars noticeable, especially through +protocones; peglike permanent P3 slanting only slightly posteriorly; +skull only slightly convex dorsally; parietals solid and resistant to +pressure; lambdoidal crest weakly developed; 4 to 10 months of age. + +_Adults._--Lambdoidal crest well developed; supraorbital ridges +pronounced; P4 and p4 show wear through enamel layer and frequently as +worn as molars; noticeable wear on lophs and lophids of molars; +occlusal pattern always visible; ten months to 2 years of age. + +_Old adults._--Ridges and crests extremely well developed; occlusal +pattern of molariform teeth obliterated or nearly so; P3 noticeably +worn; 2 to 4 years or older. + +The hypohyal and ceratohyal bones of the hyoid apparatus are distinct +from one another in juveniles and young, but are fused in subadults, +adults, and old adults. + +Lack of suitable material prevented me from studying chipmunks younger +than juveniles. The patterns of growth of these younger chipmunks +probably closely follow the changes described by Hall (1926) for +_Citellus beecheyi_. + +The tip of the baculum in juveniles and young is proportionally longer, +in relation to the shaft, than in subadults, adults, and old adults. + +Juvenal (juveniles and young) pelage in chipmunks is characterized by +silkiness and sparseness, especially on the venter. The coloration of +this juvenal pelage resembles that of adults in winter pelage which is +duller than adult summer pelage. Adult pelage (subadults, adults, and +old adults) is not so silky as juvenal pelage, but there are more +hairs, especially on the venter. The color pattern is the same in both +juvenal and adult pelages. + +Chipmunks are born naked and blind and in about two weeks the "body is +covered with silken hair clearly demonstrating the color pattern so +characteristic of chipmunks...." (Shaw 1944:282). This "silken hair" is +replaced by adult summer pelage, and juvenal chipmunks which are +molting into adult summer pelage closely resemble the adult males, and +later on in the summer, the adult females. Adult females molt later, as +a rule, than adult males probably because of lactation. Summer molt +begins, on chipmunks in Wyoming and South Dakota, in the latter part of +June and is completed by the latter part of August or the first part of +September. + +Summer molt begins, topographically, in the region of the head and +progresses posteriorly to the base of the tail, for, the tail does not +molt into summer pelage. The winter molt starts at the same time at the +tip of the tail and at the base of the tail, and from each place +proceeds anteriorly. The sequence described above is the rule; +exceptionally, there are some specimens which molted in patches. In +most skins, molts are easily detected because distinct molt-lines were +formed. The above description of molting is based on study of a large +series of specimens of _Eutamias minimus silvaticus_ taken in several +seasons of the year. + +The summer pelage is bright, more especially on the sides. In late +summer the pelage on the tail is markedly worn, and the hairs around +its outer margin are broken. In texture, the summer pelage is not so +soft as winter pelage, and this is probably owing to the presence of +large amounts of "kinky" underfur in the winter pelage. + +The winter pelage is soft, dull in color, and gives the specimen a +grayish or an umbrous appearance. The guard hairs are longer than in +the summer pelage. + + +KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE CHIPMUNKS OF WYOMING + + 1. Dorsal stripes faint; general tone of upper parts grayish. + _Eutamias dorsalis_, p. 603 + + 1'. Dorsal stripes distinct; general tone of upper parts tawny (not + grayish). + + 2. Venter yellowish or buff; tip of baculum more than 30 per + cent of length of shaft; shaft of baculum not widened at base. + _Eutamias amoenus_, p. 602 + + 2'. Venter white; tip of baculum less than 29 per cent of + length of shaft--if more than 29 per cent, shaft widened at + base. + + 3. Size small to medium; greatest length of skull less + than 34 mm.; shaft of baculum not widened at base; + outermost dorsal dark stripe never obsolete _Eutamias + minimus_, p. 590 + + 3'. Size large; greatest length of skull rarely less than + 34 mm.; shaft of baculum widened at base; outermost dorsal + dark stripe often obsolete, never strongly evident. + _Eutamias umbrinus_, p. 606 + + +ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES + +Eutamias minimus (Bachman) + + _Diagnosis._--Size small; tip of baculum of adults less than 28 per + cent of length of shaft; outermost dorsal dark stripes distinct; + skull small to medium; when skull medium, zygomatic breadth not + proportionally narrower. + + _Comparisons._--From _Eutamias amoenus luteiventris_, the only + subspecies of that species in Wyoming, _E. minimus_ differs in: + Size smaller; tip of baculum in adults less than 28 per cent of + length of shaft; zygomatic arches proportionally wider; underparts + white or with less yellow or tawny. + + From _E. umbrinus_, _E. minimus_ differs in: Size smaller; general + tone of upper parts lighter; base of baculum not widened but almost + as narrow as least diameter of shaft. + + [Illustration: FIG. 1. Known occurrence and probable geographic + distribution of the subspecies of _Eutamias minimus_ in Wyoming. The + symbols for locality records are as follows: Circles, specimens + reported but not examined; solid circles, precise localities of + specimens examined; solid triangles, localities of specimens + examined, known only to county. + + 1. _E. m. minimus_ + 2. _E. m. consobrinus_ + 3. _E. m. pallidus_ + 4. _E. m. confinis_ + 5. _E. m. silvaticus_ + 6. _E. m. operarius_ + + From _E. dorsalis utahensis_, the only subspecies of this species in + Wyoming, _E. minimus_ differs in: Dorsal dark stripes distinct and + usually blackish; skull smaller; tip of baculum of adults less than + 28 per cent of length of shaft.] + +_Remarks._--This is the smallest of the species of chipmunks in +Wyoming, and in the state can be readily distinguished from the other +species by the smaller size and by the characteristic proportions of +the baculum. + +_E. minimus_ occurs in all the Life-zones of Wyoming, and inhabits open +country, such as in the great expanses where sagebrush (_Artemesia_ +sp.) is predominant, or inhabits the edges of forests, never occurring +in the forest proper. + +Analyses of measurements of the skull indicate that of the six +subspecies of _E. minimus_ that are found in Wyoming, two are small +(_E. m. minimus_ and _E. m. consobrinus_) and the other four are large +(_E. m. pallidus_, _E. m. confinis_, _E. m. silvaticus_, and _E. m. +operarius_). Within these size-groups the subspecies can be +distinguished by differences in color pattern. + + +Eutamias minimus minimus (Bachman) + + _Tamias minimus_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8(pt. + 1):71, 1839. + + _Eutamias minimus_, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., + 30:42, December 27, 1901. + + _Type._--Obtained on Green River, near mouth of Big Sandy Creek, + Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Age, sex, collector, and date when + obtained, not surely known. + + _Diagnosis._--Size small; general tone of upper parts pale grayish + brown; baculum small. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Pinkish Buff mixed with + grayish white; facial stripes Snuff Brown mixed with black; + anterior margin of ear Drab washed with Cinnamon; hairs inside + posterior part of pinna Light Pinkish Cinnamon; posterior margin of + ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark + stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of dark + stripes Sayal Brown more or less mixed with Fuscous; pairs of light + dorsal stripes grayish white and tinged with Buff; rump and thighs + Smoke Gray; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with + Cinnamon Buff; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Clay Color, + Blackish Brown mixed with Cinnamon Buff around margins; antiplantar + and antipalmar surfaces of feet Pale Pinkish Buff; underparts + creamy white. _Skull_ and _Baculum_: Small but proportionally the + same as in other subspecies of _E. minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. m. consobrinus_, the subspecies to the + west and south, _E. m. minimus_ differs in: Over-all tone of upper + parts lighter; underside of tail lighter. + + From _E. m. pallidus_, the subspecies to the north and northeast, + _E. m. minimus_ differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and + narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; slightly + paler. + + From _E. m. confinis_, the subspecies in the Big Horn Mountains, + _E. m. minimus_ differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and + narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler. + + From _E. m. operarius_, the subspecies to the east and southeast, + _E. m. minimus_ differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and + narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler. + + _Remarks._--_E. m. minimus_ is the smallest of the chipmunks that + occur in Wyoming. This pale little squirrel is found in the Red + Desert in Sweetwater County, where the features distinctive of the + subspecies are most strongly developed. Specimens from western + Sweetwater County and northwestern Uinta County are intergrades + between _E. m. minimus_ and _E. m. consobrinus_ and are referable + to _E. m. minimus_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number 167. + + _Sublette Co._: 60 mi. SE Jackson [Teton County], 1 (MM); 2 mi. SE + Big Sandy, 1. + + _Fremont Co._: 40 mi. E Dubois, 1; 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W Shoshoni, + 4,650 ft., 2; 9 mi. N and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 2; 7 mi. N + and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 3; 2-1/2 mi. W Shoshoni, 4,800 + ft., 1; Granite Mountains, 6; Mount Crooks, 8,600 ft., 6. + + _Natrona Co._: 27 mi. N and 1 mi. E Powder River, 6,075 ft., 2; 15 + mi. N and 1 mi. W Waltman, 1; 9 mi. S and 9 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 + ft., 1; 16 mi. S and 11 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 ft., 2; Sun Ranch, 5 + mi. W Independence Rock, 6,000 ft., 4; 9 mi. W and 1 mi. N + Independence Rock, 1; 5 mi. W and 1 mi. S Independence Rock, 2. + + _Uinta Co._: 15 mi. WSW Granger [Sweetwater County], 1; 10 mi. SW + Granger [Sweetwater County], 10 (MM). + + _Sweetwater Co._: Farson, 6,580 ft., 11; 5 mi. E Farson, 1; 27 mi. + N Table Rock, 1 (MM); 27 mi. N and 37 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 + ft., 1; 25 mi. N and 38 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 ft., 3; Junction + of Big Sandy Creek and Green River, 6,400 ft., 7 (3MM); 17 mi. N + and 6 mi. W Rock Springs, 7,000 ft., 1; Thayer Junction, 9 (MM); + Table Rock, 1 (MM); Wamsutter, 1 (MM); Green River, 4 (MM); Bitter + Creek, 2 (FC); 13 mi. S and 14 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,650 ft., 2; 18 + mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,800 ft., 2; 22 mi. SSW Bitter Creek, 5; 26 + mi. S and 21 mi. W Rock Springs, 3; Kinney Ranch, 6,800 ft., 21 mi. + S Bitter Creek, 15; 30 mi. S Bitter Creek, 2; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. W + Rock Springs, 1; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. E Rock Springs, 7,025 ft., 12; + 33 mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,900 ft., 6; 3 mi. W Green River, and 2 mi. + N Utah Boundary, 1; 1/2 mi. N Junction Henrys Fork and Utah + Boundary, 2; 1 mi. N Linwood, Utah, 1 (MM). + + _Carbon Co._: 18 mi. NNE Sinclair, 6,500 ft., 2; Rawlins, 1; 30 mi. + E Rawlins, 6,750 ft., 2; Bridgers Pass, 18 mi. SW Rawlins, 7,500 + ft., 1. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:38): _Lincoln Co._: Fontanelle; + Opal. _Sublette Co._: Big Piney; Green River at junction with New + Fork; Muddy Creek, near Big Sandy Creek. _Fremont Co._: Jackeys + Creek, 3 mi. S Dubois; Wind River near mouth of Meadow Creek; Ft. + Washakie; Green Mountains, 8 mi. E Rongis. _Natrona Co._: Bitter + Creek, near Powder River; Rattlesnake Mountains; Casper; + Independence Rock. _Sweetwater Co._: Eden, Steamboat Mountain; + Superior; Maxon; Green River, 4 mi. N Linwood, Utah; Henrys Fork, + at mouth of Burnt Fork. _Carbon Co._: Canyon Creek, 12 mi. S + Alcova; Ferris Mountains; Shirley; Shirley Mountains; 8-1/2 mi. SE + Lost Soldier [= Bairoil]; Ft. Steele; Sulphur Springs. _Albany + Co._: Spring Creek, 10 mi. W Marshall; Sheep Creek. _County + uncertain_: Little Sandy River; Green River. + + +Eutamias minimus consobrinus (J. A. Allen) + + _Tamias minimus consobrinus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist. 3:112, June, 1890. + + _Eutamias minimus consobrinus_, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. + Nat. Hist. 30:42, December 27, 1901. + + _Eutamias lectus_ J. A. Allen, Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Sci. Bull. + 1:117, March 31, 1905 (not in Wyoming), type from Beaver Valley, + Utah. + + _Eutamias consobrinus clarus_ Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 31:31, May 16, 1918, type from Swan Lake Valley, Yellowstone + National Park, Wyoming. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186456 (NM); from near + Barclay, Parley's Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Salt Lake County, + Utah; obtained on October 31, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. + 361. + + _Diagnosis._--Size small; over-all tone of upper parts grayish + brown; baculum small, as in _E. m. minimus_. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Smoke Gray mixed with + Ochraceous Tawny; upper facial stripe Fuscous; other facial stripes + Fuscous or Fuscous Black mixed with Tawny; hairs inside posterior + part of pinna Light Ochraceous Buff; anterior margin of ear + Ochraceous Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch + grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Ochraceous + Tawny along margins; other dorsal dark stripes black mixed with + Ochraceous Tawny; median pair of dorsal light stripes grayish white + with Ochraceous Tawny along margins; lateral pair of light dorsal + stripes white; sides Ochraceous Tawny or Light Sayal Brown; rump + and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Cinnamon Buff; dorsal surface of + tail Fuscous Black mixed with Cinnamon Buff; ventral surface of + tail Sayal Brown, Fuscous Black along margin, and Cinnamon Buff or + Ochraceous Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar + surfaces of feet Light Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff; underparts + grayish white mixed slightly with Buff. _Skull_ and _Baculum_: + Small but proportionally the same as in other subspecies of _E. + minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. m. pallidus_, the subspecies to the east, + _E. m. consobrinus_ differs in: Color darker; size smaller; skull + narrower and shorter; baculum shorter. + + From _E. m. confinis_, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains, + _E. m. consobrinus_ differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts less + grayish; underside of tail lighter; skull narrower and shorter; + baculum shorter. + + For comparisons with _E. m. minimus_ see the account of that + subspecies. + +_Remarks._--Specimens of this subspecies from the area between the +Uinta Mountains and the mountains of the Wyoming and Wind River ranges, +are clearly intergrades between _E. m. consobrinus_ and _E. m. minimus_ +and are here referred to _E. m. consobrinus_. These specimens are paler +than typical _E. m. consobrinus_ and considerably darker than _E. m. +minimus_. These intergrades came from an area where the habitat is +intermediate between that of _E. m. consobrinus_ and _E. m. minimus_ +but more nearly like that of _E. m. consobrinus_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 135. + + _Yellowstone Park_: Fishing Bridge, 1 (MM). + + _Park Co._: SW slope Whirlwind Peak, 9,000 ft., 1. + + _Teton Co._: N end Blacktail Butte, 6,600 ft., 1 mi. E Moose, 1; + Bar BC Ranch, 6,500 ft., 2-1/2 mi. NE Moose, 2; 3-3/4 mi. E Moose, + 6,300 ft., 3; 3-3/4 mi. E and 3/4 mi. S Moran, 6,210 ft., 2; 5 mi. + S Moran, 1 (FC); 2 mi. S Elk Ranch, 2 (FC); 7 mi. S Moran, 1 (FC); + 19 mi. E and 2 mi. S Moran, 1; Flat Creek Pass, 1 (MM); Flat + Creek-Crystal Creek Divide, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Granite Creek + Divide, 5 (MM); Dry Hollow, Jackson, 1 (MM); Jackson, 4 (MM); Jenny + Lake, 2 (MM); Sheep Creek, Jackson, 1 (MM). + + _Lincoln Co._: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5,650 ft., 2; 13 mi. N + and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 ft., 2; 10 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 + ft., 2; 6 mi. N and 2 mi. E Sage, 6,050 ft., 1; Kemmerer, 1; + Cumberland, 14 mi. S and 1 mi. W Kemmerer, 6,550 ft., 6. + + _Sublette Co._: 5 mi. E and 9 mi. N Pinedale, 9,200 ft., 12; 10 mi. + NE Pinedale, 8,000 ft., 2; W end Half Moon Lake, 7,900 ft., 5; 3 + mi. E and 5 mi. N Pinedale, 7,500 ft., 3; 2-1/4 mi. NE Pinedale, + 7,500 ft, 3; 4 mi. W Pinedale, 7,200 ft., 2; 19 mi. W and 2 mi. S + Big Piney, 7,700 ft., 1; 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., 2. + + _Fremont Co._: Togwotee Pass, 3 (1 FC); Moccasin Lake, 10,100 ft., + 19 mi. W and 4 mi. N Lander, 1; 16 mi. S and 5-1/2 mi. W Lander, + 8,650 ft., 1; 23-1/2 mi. S and 5 mi. W Lander, 8,600 ft., 1; 3 mi. + E and 1/2 mi. N South Pass City, 7,900 ft., 7; Mosquito Park R.S., + 9,500 ft., 17-1/2 mi. W and 2-1/2 mi. N Lander, 1; 4 mi. S and + 8-1/2 mi. W Lander, 9,200 ft., 1. + + _Uinta Co._: 1/2 mi. S Cumberland [Lincoln County], 1; 2 mi. W Fort + Bridger, 6,070 ft., 1; 8-1/2 mi. W Fort Bridger, 6,700 ft., 17; 1/2 + mi. S Mountain View, 6,900 ft., 2; 6 mi. S and 2-1/2 mi. E + Robertson, 8,200 ft., 3; 8 mi. S and 2-1/2 mi. E Robertson, 8,300 + ft., 1; 9 mi. S Robertson, 8,000 ft., 5; 9-1/2 mi. S and 1 mi. W + Robertson, 8,600 ft., 2; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,700 ft., + 4; 13 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 7; 2 mi. E and 12 mi. + S Robertson, Ashley Nat. For., 9,000 ft., 1; 11-1/2 mi. S and 2 mi. + E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1; 4-1/2 mi. S and 4 mi. E Robertson, 8,025 + ft., 1. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:48): _Yellowstone Park_: Bunsen + Peak; Swan Lake Valley; Canyon; Lake Station; Firehole River; + Summit Lake; Snow Pass. _Park Co._: Beartooth Lake; Whirlwind Peak, + near Pahaska Tepee; Valley; Needle Mountain. _Teton Co._: Elk, + Jackson Hole; Teton Pass. _Lincoln Co._: Thayne; head of La Barge + Creek; Smith Fork, 7,000 to 8,000 ft. _Sublette Co._: 12 mi. N + Kendall; Merna; Fremont Lake; Surveyor Park, 12 mi. NE Pinedale; + Bronx; Little Sandy Creek; Stanley; Big Sandy. _Fremont Co._: Lake + Fork, Wind River Mountains; Fremont Peak; South Pass City. _Uinta + Co._: Bear River Divide, 14 mi. N Evanstone; Evanstone; Ft. + Bridger; Spring Valley; Henry's Fork, 5 mi. W Lone Tree; Lone Tree; + Sage Creek (exact locality unknown). + + +Eutamias minimus pallidus (J. A. Allen) + + _Tamias quadrivittatus b._ var. _pallidus_ J. A. Allen, Proc. + Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 16:289, 1874. + + _Eutamias minimus pallidus_, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, + 1922. + + _Lectotype._--Skull and skin, No. 11656/38311 (NM); from Camp + Thorne, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; obtained on July 18, + 1873, by J. A. Allen; original No. 200. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; over-all tone of upper parts pale grayish + brown; baculum large. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Pale Smoke Gray mixed with + Clay Color; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; + anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of pinna + Pale Pinkish Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch + grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Clay Color + along margins; other dorsal dark stripes Fuscous mixed with Clay + Color; median pair of dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray; lateral + pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Cinnamon Buff; + rump and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Pale Buff; dorsal surface of + tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Warm Buff; ventral surface + of tail Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff, with Fuscous Black along + margin and Warm Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and + antiplantar surfaces of feet Pinkish Buff, Warm Buff or Pale + Yellow-Orange; underparts white with dark underfur. _Skull_ and + _Baculum_: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies of + _E. minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. m. silvaticus_, the subspecies from the + Black Hills, _E. m. pallidus_ differs in: Paler; underside of tail + paler; sides paler. + + From _E. m. confinis_, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains, + _E. m. pallidus_ differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts paler; + sides paler; underside of tail paler. + + From _E. m. operarius_, the subspecies from the mountains in + south-central Wyoming, _E. m. pallidus_ differs in: Over-all tone + of upper parts paler; sides paler; underside of tail paler. + + For comparisons with _E. m. minimus_ and _E. m. consobrinus_, see + the accounts of those subspecies. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from near Buffalo, Johnson Co., are intergrades +between _E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. confinis_ and are referable to _E. +m. confinis_. Specimens from near Sundance (not in Bear Lodge +Mountains), Crook Co., are intergrades between _E. m. pallidus_ and _E. +m. silvaticus_ (Howell 1929:55). Specimens from the Laramie Range in +Converse Co. are intergrades between _E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. +operarius_, and referable to _E. m. operarius_. Specimens from near +Greybull, Big Horn Co., are intergrades between _E. m. pallidus_ and +_E. m. minimus_ and are referable to _E. m. pallidus_. These specimens +show no intergradation with _E. m. confinis_ which occurs but a short +distance to the east in the Big Horn Mountains. Intergradation between +_E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. minimus_ probably exists in northeastern +Natrona Co. and southwestern Johnson Co. + +Comparisons of specimens of _E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. cacodemus_, +indicates that, in my opinion, _E. m. cacodemus_ is entitled to +subspecific recognition, for, the relationship between _E. m. pallidus_ +to _E. m. cacodemus_ is the same as that between _E. m. pallidus_ and +_E. m. confinis_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 58. + + _Park Co._: 2 mi. S and 2 mi. E Meteetse, 5,750 ft., 3. + + _Big Horn Co._: 6 mi. NW Greybull, 3,800 ft., 6; Greybull, 4 (BS); + 7 mi. S Basin, 3,900 ft., 5. + + _Sheridan Co._: 5 mi. NE Clearmont, 3,900 ft., 1. + + _Campbell Co._: 5 mi. N and 8 mi. W Spotted Horse, 9; 6 mi. W and 4 + mi. S Rockypoint, 4,200 ft., 1; 4 mi. S and 3 mi. W Rockypoint, 5; + Middle Butte, 6,010 ft., 38 mi. S and 19 mi. W Gillette, 3; South + Butte, 6,000 ft., 17-1/2 mi. W and 40-1/2 mi. S Gillette, 2; Ivy + Creek, 8 mi. W and 5 mi. N Spotted Horse, 6. + + _Crook Co._: Moorcroft, Belle Fourche Valley, 8 (BS). + + _Washakie Co._: 15 mi. W Tensleep, in badlands, 1 (BS); 8 mi. S and + 8 mi. W Worland, 1; 10 mi. S Tensleep, near No Wood Creek, 2 (BS). + + _Goshen Co._: Rawhide Buttes, 12 mi. S and 1 mi. W Lusk, 1. + + _Laramie Co._: unspecified, 1. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:44): _Big Horn Co._: Otto; + Hyattville. _Sheridan Co._: Powder River at mouth of Clear Creek; + Sheridan; Arvada. _Weston Co._: Thornton; Upton; Pine Ridge; + Newcastle. _Hot Springs Co._: head of Bridger Creek; Willow Creek, + 10 mi. SW Thermopolis. _Washakie Co._: 10 mi. S Manderson; Otter + Creek, Bighorn Basin. _Johnson Co._: Powder River Basin, near + Pumpkin Buttes. _Natrona Co._: Merino. _Converse Co._: Douglas. + _Platte Co._: Guernsey; 15 mi. SW Wheatland. _Goshen Co._: Rawhide + Butte. _Localities for which counties are unknown_: Owl Creek + Mountains; North Platte River. + + +Eutamias minimus confinis Howell + + _Eutamias minimus confinis_ Howell, Jour. Mamm. 6:52, February 15, + 1925. + + _Type._--Female, adult, skull and skin No. 168957 (NM); from head + of Trapper Creek, west slope of Bighorn Mountains, Big Horn County, + Wyoming; obtained on July 7, 1910, by Merrit Cary; original No. + 1956. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; over-all tone of upper parts grayish + brown; baculum large, as in _E. m. pallidus_. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Clay Color mixed with Pale + Smoke Gray; upper facial stripe Fuscous Black; other facial stripes + Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Tawny; anterior margin of ear + Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior part of + pinna Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; posterior margin of ear + Smoke Gray; postauricular patch buffy white or Smoke Gray; dorsal + dark stripes black or Fuscous Black more or less mixed with Tawny + or Tawny-Olive; dorsal light stripes creamy white, sometimes washed + with Pale Smoke Gray; sides Raw Sienna or Cinnamon Buff; rump and + thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Tawny-Olive; dorsal surface of + tail black mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Clay + Color, black along margin and Light Buff or Light Ochraceous Buff + along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet + Pinkish Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes with grayish + underfur. _Skull_ and _Baculum_: Large but proportionally the same + as in other subspecies of _E. minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. m. silvaticus_, the subspecies from the + Black Hills, _E. m. confinis_ differs in: General tone of upper + parts darker, more reddish and less grayish; ventral surface of + tail more tawny; skull and baculum of same size and proportions. + + From _E. m. operarius_, the subspecies from the Laramie Range and + other mountains of south-central Wyoming, _E. m. confinis_ differs + in: Rump and thighs darker; sides darker; general tone of upper + parts more grayish. + + For comparisons with _E. m. minimus_, _E. m. consobrinus_, and _E. + m. pallidus_, see the accounts of those subspecies. + +_Remarks._--This subspecies is endemic to the Bighorn Mountains. +Intergradation between _E. m. confinis_ and _E. m. minimus_ and between +_E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. confinis_ have already been discussed in +the accounts of those subspecies. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 85. + + _Big Horn Co._: 12 mi. E and 2 mi. S Shell, 7,900 ft., 2; 13 mi. E + and 2 mi. N Shell, 8,500 ft., 2; 13 mi. E Shell, 8,300 ft., 1; 17 + mi. E and 3 mi. S Shell, 9,000 ft., 8; 17-1/2 mi. E and 4-1/2 mi. S + Shell, 8,500 ft, 11; 19 mi. E and 4-1/2 mi. S Shell, 9,600 ft., 1; + 9 mi. E and 9 mi. N Tensleep, 8,200 ft., 4. + + _Sheridan Co._: Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9,000 ft., 28 mi. E Lovell, + 11; 38 mi. E Lovell, Big Horn Nat. For., 9,600 ft., 10; 5-1/2 mi. W + and 1-1/2 mi. S Junction U.S. Highway 14 and Wyoming [State + Highway] 14, 8,480 ft., 2. + + _Washakie Co._: 9 mi. E and 4 mi. N Tensleep, 7,000 ft., 26; 3 mi. + SE Tensleep, 4,300 ft., 1. + + _Johnson Co._: 5-1/2 mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 4; 7-1/2 + mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 2. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:46): _Sheridan Co._: 20 mi. from + Sheridan. _Washakie Co._: Head of Canyon Creek. _Johnson Co._: Head + of North Fork of Powder River. + + +Eutamias minimus silvaticus White + + _Eutamias minimus silvaticus_ White, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. + Hist. 5 (19):259-262, April 10, 1952. + + _Type._--Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 20050 (KU); from 3 mi. + NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., Crook County, Wyoming; obtained on July 4, + 1947, by H. W. Setzer; original No. 1692. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; over-all tone of upper parts brownish + gray; sides Ochraceous Buff; baculum as in _E. m. pallidus_. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Sayal Brown washed with + Cinnamon Buff; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; + anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior + part of pinna Ochraceous Buff; posterior margin of ear and + postauricular patch grayish white; dorsal dark stripes Fuscous + Black more or less mixed with Ochraceous Buff; medial dorsal light + stripes Pale Smoke Gray with Ochraceous Buff along margins; lateral + dorsal light stripes grayish white or white with Ochraceous Buff + along margins; sides Ochraceous Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray + washed with Ochraceous Buff; dorsal surface of tail black + interspersed with Ochraceous Buff; ventral surface of tail + Ochraceous-Orange, with black along margin and Light Ochraceous + Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of + feet Light Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes washed with + Ochraceous Buff. _Skull_ and _Baculum_: Large but of same + proportions as in other subspecies of _E. minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. m. operarius_, the subspecies from + south-central Wyoming, _E. m. silvaticus_ differs in: Underside of + tail lighter; general tone of upper parts grayer; sides lighter; + skull and baculum of same size and proportions. + + For comparisons with _E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. confinis_, see the + accounts of those subspecies. + +_Remarks._--Intergradation between _E. m. silvaticus_ and _E. m. +pallidus_ has already been discussed under the account of _E. m. +pallidus_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 42. + + _Crook Co._: 15 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 5,500 ft., + 6; 15 mi. ENE Sundance, 3,825 ft., 1; 3 mi. NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., + 14; 1 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 1. + + _Weston Co._: 1-1/2 mi. E Buckhorn, 6,150 ft., 19; SE Newcastle, 1 + (MM). + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:57): _Crook Co._: Devils Tower; + Sundance. + + +Eutamias minimus operarius Merriam + + _Eutamias amoenus operarius_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 18:164, June 29, 1905. + + _Eutamias minimus operarius_, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, + 1922. + + _Type._--Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 129808 (BS); from Gold + Hill, 7,400 ft., Boulder County, Colorado; obtained on October 8, + 1903, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 8160. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; general tone of upper parts dark reddish + brown; sides Tawny or Ochraceous Tawny; baculum large, as in _E. m. + pallidus_. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Cinnamon Buff mixed with + Pale Smoke Gray; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal + Brown; anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of + pinna Cinnamon Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular + patch Pale Smoke Gray; dorsal dark stripes black with Ochraceous + Tawny along margins; median dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray + with Ochraceous Tawny along margins; lateral dorsal light stripes + white; sides Tawny or Ochraceous Tawny; rump and thighs Light + Grayish Olive; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed + with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Ochraceous + Tawny with Fuscous Black along margin and Clay Color along + outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet + Ochraceous Buff; underparts grayish white, often washed with Buff. + _Skull_ and _Baculum_: Large but of same proportions as in other + subspecies of _E. minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--For comparisons with _E. m. minimus_, _E. m. + pallidus_, _E. m. confinis_, and _E. m. silvaticus_, see the + accounts of those subspecies. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from the mountains near Savery in Carbon County +and from near Medicine Bow Peak in Carbon and Albany counties are +clearly referable to this race on the basis of color pattern. However, +in the skull and baculum these specimens resemble _E. m. minimus_. + +Specimens from the Laramie Range, 27 mi. N Laramie, show a color +pattern which tends toward that of _E. m. pallidus_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 118. + + _Natrona Co._: 2 mi. W and 7 mi. S Casper, 6,370 ft., 2; 10 mi. S + Casper, 7,750 ft., 3; 6 mi. S and 2 mi. W Casper, 5,900 ft., 1. + + _Converse Co._: 21-1/2 mi. S and 24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7,600 ft., + 10. + + _Carbon Co._: Lake Marie, 10,440 ft., 1; 2 mi. S and 1/2 mi. W + Medicine Bow Peak, 10,400 ft., 1; 2 mi. S and 2 mi. W Medicine Bow + Peak, 10,700 ft., 1; 10 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8,000 ft., + 2; 8 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8,400 ft., 2; 8 mi. N and 16 + mi. E Encampment, 8,400 ft., 3; 21-1/2 mi. E and 8 mi. N + Encampment, 9,400 ft., 2; 10 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 8,800 ft., + 1; 8 mi. N and 19-1/2 mi. E Savery, 8,800 ft., 16; 17 mi. E and 7 + mi. N Savery, 8,300 ft., 1; 7 mi. N and 19 mi. E Savery, 10,128 + ft., 1; 14 mi. E and 6 mi. N Savery, 8,400 ft., 1; 5 mi. N and 5 + mi. E Savery, 6,900 ft., 2. + + _Albany Co._: 27 mi. N and 7-1/2 mi. E Laramie, 6,960 ft., 12; 13 + mi. E and 9 mi. N Laramie, 7,700 ft., 2; 8-3/4 mi. E and 6-1/2 mi. + S Laramie, 8,200 ft., 1; 5-1/2 mi. ESE Laramie, 8,500 ft., 1; 8 mi. + E and 4 mi. S Laramie, 8,600 ft, 1; 2 mi. SE Pole Mountain, 8,200 + ft., 19; 3 mi. S Pole Mountain, 8,100 ft., 2; 1 mi. SSE Pole + Mountain, 8,350 ft., 3; 3 mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,000 ft., 15; + 2-1/2 mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,300 ft., 1. + + _Laramie Co._: 5 mi. W Horse Creek P.O., 7,200 ft., 2; 3-1/2 mi. W + Horse Creek P.O., 7,000 ft., 3; 2 mi. W Horse Creek P.O., 6,600 + ft., 1. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:51): _Natrona Co._: Casper + Mountains, 7 mi. S Casper. _Carbon Co._: Bridger Peak; Riverside. + _Albany Co._: Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak; Eagle Peak; Bear + Creek, 3 mi. SW Eagle Peak; Laramie Mountains, 10 mi. E Laramie; + Woods [= Woods Landing]; Sherman. _Laramie Co._: Bluffs near Pole + Creek; 6 mi. W Islay. + +TABLE 1 + +Average and Extreme Measurements in Millimeters of Adult Chipmunks that +Occur in Wyoming + +Table Legend: + +Col. A: Greatest length of skull +Col. B: Zygomatic breadth +Col. C: Cranial breadth +Col. D: Length of nasals +Col. E: Total length +Col. F: Length of tail +Col. G: Length of lower tooth-row +Col. H: Condylo-alveolar length of mandible + +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. minimus_, S of Bitter Creek, Sweetwater Co. + +Mean (5) | 29.9 | 16.7 | 14.8 | 9.0 | 188 | 84.6 | 4.65 | 5.51 | +Min. [Male] | 29.0 | 16.5 | 14.6 | 8.6 | 177 | 81.0 | 4.52 | 15.11 | +Max. | 30.9 | 17.2 | 15.0 | 9.8 | 197 | 89.0 | 4.80 | 16.21 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (6) | 30.1 | 17.2 | 15.1 | 8.6 | 193 | 85.3 | 4.69 | 16.08 | +Min. [Female] | 29.0 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 7.9 | 184 | 80.0 | 4.53 | 15.71 | +Max. | 30.8 | 17.7 | 15.5 | 9.4 | 200 | 93.0 | 4.91 | 16.58 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. consobrinus_, near Jackson, Teton Co. + +Mean (4) | 30.1 | 16.6 | 14.4 | 8.6 | 190 | 83.0 | 4.48 | 15.65 | +Min. [Female] | 29.6 | 16.4 | 14.3 | 8.5 | 190 | 80.0 | 4.43 | 15.28 | +Max. | 30.7 | 16.9 | 14.6 | 8.8 | 192 | 86.0 | 4.59 | 15.99 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (6) | 30.8 | 17.1 | 14.5 | 9.1 | 200 | 88.4 | 4.60 | 16.05 | +Min. [Female] | 30.2 | 16.9 | 14.1 | 8.7 | 195 | 85.0 | 4.43 | 15.60 | +Max. | 31.3 | 17.5 | 15.1 | 9.5 | 205 | 92.0 | 4.84 | 16.70 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. pallidus_, Moorcroft and Rockypoint, Weston Co. + +Mean (9) | 31.8 | 18.0 | 15.3 | 9.3 | 193 | 85.8 | 4.84 | 16.74 | +Min. [Male] | 31.4 | 17.7 | 14.9 | 8.5 | 185 | 80.0 | 4.34 | 16.23 | +Max. | 32.5 | 18.7 | 15.9 | 9.7 | 204 | 91.0 | 5.02 | 17.21 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (7) | 32.2 | 18.2 | 15.5 | 9.6 | 205 | 91.0 | 4.97 | 17.02 | +Min. [Female] | 31.4 | 17.8 | 15.1 | 9.1 | 203 | 86.0 | 4.70 | 16.30 | +Max. | 32.9 | 18.9 | 16.0 | 10.3 | 214 | 99.0 | 5.18 | 17.39 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. confinis_, Bighorn Mts., near Tensleep, Washakie Co. + +Mean (9) | 31.6 | 17.8 | 15.4 | 9.3 | 205 | 89.6 | 4.78 | 16.71 | +Min. [Male] | 30.4 | 17.2 | 14.9 | 8.9 | 194 | 79.0 | 4.51 | 16.18 | +Max. | 33.3 | 19.0 | 16.2 | 9.9 | 228 | 113.0 | 5.09 | 17.70 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (8) | 32.4 | 18.7 | 15.6 | 9.6 | 208 | 88.8 | 4.83 | 17.09 | +Min. [Female] | 31.7 | 17.9 | 15.3 | 9.2 | 189 | 76.0 | 4.69 | 16.49 | +Max. | 33.1 | 19.3 | 16.1 | 9.7 | 226 | 103.0 | 4.93 | 17.73 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. silvaticus_, 16 mi. N Custer, Pennington Co., S.D. + +Mean (19) | 32.3 | 18.2 | 15.5 | 9.6 | 200 | 86.2 | 4.85 | 16.78 | +Min. [Male] | 31.5 | 17.4 | 15.0 | 9.1 | 189 | 76.0 | 4.63 | 16.19 | +Max. | 33.4 | 19.4 | 16.1 | 10.2 | 210 | 94.0 | 5.13 | 17.74 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (15) | 32.6 | 18.1 | 15.7 | 9.5 | 208 | 90.2 | 4.96 | 16.90 | +Min. [Female] | 31.5 | 17.7 | 15.0 | 9.1 | 189 | 70.0 | 4.61 | 16.26 | +Max. | 33.7 | 19.2 | 16.2 | 10.5 | 220 | 105.0 | 5.29 | 18.28 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. operarius_, near Pole Mt., Albany Co. + +Mean (9) | 31.5 | 17.6 | 15.2 | 9.7 | 193 | 85.6 | 4.78 | 16.52 | +Min. [Male] | 30.3 | 17.0 | 14.9 | 8.9 | 183 | 77.0 | 4.58 | 15.63 | +Max. | 32.4 | 18.2 | 15.5 | 10.6 | 203 | 91.0 | 5.12 | 17.37 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (8) | 32.2 | 18.0 | 15.4 | 9.7 | 203 | 85.7 | 4.86 | 16.50 | +Min. [Female] | 31.1 | 17.6 | 15.0 | 9.2 | 194 | 79.0 | 4.64 | 15.44 | +Max. | 33.4 | 18.5 | 15.8 | 10.2 | 212 | 92.0 | 5.11 | 17.21 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. a. luteiventris_, near Moran, Teton Co. + +Mean (20) | 33.6 | 18.2 | 15.5 | 10.6 | 212 | 94.8 | 5.14 | 17.27 | +Min. [Male] | 32.2 | 17.4 | 14.9 | 9.8 | 198 | 87.0 | 4.86 | 16.42 | +Max. | 35.2 | 18.7 | 16.2 | 12.1 | 221 | 108.0 | 5.37 | 18.39 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (10) | 33.8 | 18.5 | 15.5 | 11.1 | 217 | 91.7 | 5.13 | 17.47 | +Min. [Female] | 33.4 | 18.1 | 15.1 | 10.5 | 203 | 81.0 | 5.06 | 16.89 | +Max. | 34.7 | 19.0 | 16.0 | 11.5 | 225 | 100.0 | 5.32 | 18.33 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. d. utahensis_, W side Green River, 1 mi. N Utah border. + +Mean (4) | 34.7 | 18.9 | 16.4 | 10.8 | 197 | 84.5 | 5.08 | 17.91 | +Min. [Male] | 34.7 | 18.7 | 16.4 | 10.5 | 191 | 81.0 | 5.00 | 17.77 | +Max. | 34.8 | 19.2 | 16.4 | 11.1 | 203 | 88.0 | 5.15 | 18.06 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (2) | 36.0 | 19.5 | 16.3 | 11.3 | 211 | 88.0 | 5.25 | 18.87 | +Min. [Female] | 35.5 | 19.4 | 16.2 | 11.3 | 210 | 86.0 | 5.22 | 18.73 | +Max. | 36.6 | 19.7 | 16.4 | 11.4 | 212 | 90.0 | 5.28 | 19.02 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. u. umbrinus_, Mts. S Robertson, Uinta Co. + +Mean (11) | 34.7 | 18.9 | 15.7 | 10.9 | 218 | 96.2 | 5.13 | 18.04 | +Min. [Male] | 34.3 | 18.3 | 15.6 | 10.3 | 215 | 81.0 | 4.79 | 17.57 | +Max. | 35.2 | 19.4 | 16.0 | 11.7 | 228 | 112.0 | 5.42 | 18.59 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (4) | 35.1 | 19.2 | 15.9 | 11.0 | 224 | 96.4 | 5.17 | 18.46 | +Min. [Female] | 34.9 | 19.2 | 15.7 | 10.3 | 204 | 90.0 | 5.11 | 18.31 | +Max. | 35.4 | 20.0 | 16.2 | 11.8 | 234 | 100.0 | 5.22 | 18.98 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. u. fremonti_, Togwotee Pass, Fremont Co. + +Mean (8) | 35.6 | 19.3 | 15.9 | 11.4 | 223 | 99.0 | 5.34 | 19.17 | +Min. [Male] | 35.2 | 18.9 | 15.8 | 11.1 | 216 | 95.0 | 5.22 | 18.72 | +Max. | 36.5 | 19.7 | 16.1 | 11.8 | 243 | 111.0 | 5.57 | 19.78 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (6) | 35.3 | 19.6 | 15.9 | 11.3 | 229 | 101.0 | 5.40 | 19.02 | +Min. [Female] | 34.5 | 19.3 | 15.7 | 10.9 | 223 | 92.0 | 5.35 | 18.37 | +Max. | 36.0 | 20.0 | 16.5 | 12.0 | 239 | 110.0 | 5.44 | 19.51 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. u. montanus_, near Longs Peak, Boulder Co., Colorado. + +Mean (5) | 35.2 | 18.8 | 15.5 | 10.8 | 226 | 96.0 | 5.20 | 18.29 | +Min. [Male] | 34.7 | 18.4 | 15.2 | 10.1 | 215 | 93.0 | 5.03 | 17.80 | +Max. | 36.8 | 19.4 | 16.2 | 11.5 | 232 | 115.0 | 5.53 | 19.36 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (6) | 35.7 | 19.1 | 15.6 | 10.9 | 226 | 98.0 | 5.28 | 18.67 | +Min. [Female] | 35.1 | 18.8 | 15.1 | 10.3 | 215 | 89.0 | 5.06 | 18.09 | +Max. | 36.5 | 19.5 | 16.0 | 11.5 | 231 | 105.0 | 5.58 | 19.35 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + + +Eutamias amoenus (J. A. Allen) + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium; over-all tone of upper parts often + grayish olive; baculum small or medium, slender; tip of baculum 30 + to 38 per cent of length of shaft; skull medium, narrow across + zygomata. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. dorsalis utahensis_, the only subspecies + of this species in Wyoming, _E. amoenus luteiventris_ differs in: + Dorsal light and dark stripes distinct; over-all tone of upper + parts less grayish (more tawny); tip of baculum less than 38 per + cent of length of shaft in adult specimens. + + From _E. umbrinus fremonti_, the only subspecies of this species + which occurs in the same area with _E. amoenus_ in Wyoming, _E. a. + luteiventris_ differs in: Smaller size; tawny underparts; base of + baculum not noticeably widened. + + For comparisons with _E. minimus_ see the account of that species. + + +Eutamias amoenus luteiventris (J. A. Allen) + + _Tamias quadrivittatus luteiventris_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. + Nat. Hist., 3:101, June, 1890. + + _Eutamias amoenus luteiventris_, Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:183, August + 4, 1922. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 11991/37996 (NM); from + "Chief Mountain Lake" [Waterton Lake], 3-1/2 mi. N United + States-Canadian Boundary, Alberta; obtained on August 24, 1874, by + Elliot Coues; original No. 4596. + + _Diagnosis._--General tone of upper parts ochraceous; underparts + strongly buffy; tip of baculum in adult specimens, more than 30 per + cent and less than 38 per cent of length of shaft. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Cinnamon mixed with Smoke + Gray; upper two facial stripes black; submalar stripe Fuscous or + Fuscous Black mixed with Ochraceous Tawny; anterior margin of ear + Ochraceous Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch + Light Buff or buffy white; hairs inside posterior part of pinna + Ochraceous Tawny; median dorsal dark stripe black; lateral pair of + dorsal dark stripes black and mixed with Tawny, frequently + brownish; median pair of dorsal light stripes white tinged with + Pale Smoke Gray; lateral pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; + sides Tawny or Ochraceous Tawny; rump and thighs Dark Smoke Gray + strongly mixed with Cinnamon Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous + Black mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Light + Ochraceous Tawny, with Fuscous Black around margin and Clay Color + around outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet + Cinnamon or Cinnamon Buff; underparts Cinnamon Buff or Light + Ochraceous Buff. _Skull_: Size medium; moderately narrowed across + zygomata. _Baculum_: Slender; not noticeably broadened at base; tip + more than 30 per cent of length of shaft. + +_Remarks._--Although there are no records of this subspecies from the +Wind River Mountains, it probably occurs there. + +The niche that this subspecies occupies is similar to that of _E. m. +consobrinus_ as shown by the fact that these two subspecies have been +taken together at the same places. + +Specimens of _E. a. luteiventris_ and _E. umbrinus fremonti_ have been +taken together at the same places. + +In general, _E. m. consobrinus_ occurs in open country and at the edges +of forests, whereas _E. u. fremonti_ occurs in the forest. _E. a. +luteiventris_ occurs in the intermediate habitat, that is to say, not +far into the forest, and not so far out into the open as _E. m. +consobrinus_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 83. + + _Yellowstone Park_: Unspecified, 2. + + _Park Co._: 31-1/2 mi. N and 36 mi. W Cody, 6,900 ft., 6; 29 mi. N + and 31 mi. W Cody, 7,200 ft., 1; 28 mi. N and 30 mi. W Cody, 7,200 + ft., 1; 16-1/4 mi. N and 17 mi. W Cody, 5,625 ft., 3; 25 mi. S and + 28 mi. W Cody, 6,350 ft., 2. + + _Teton Co._: Two Ocean Lake, 2 (1 FC); Whetstone Creek, 8 (MM); + Emma Matilda Lake, 1 (FC); Pacific Creek Road, 2-1/2 mi. E Moran, 1 + (FC); Two Ocean Lake Road, 2 (FC); 2 mi. E Moran, 1 (FC); 2-1/2 mi. + E and 1/4 mi. N Moran, 6,230 ft., 8; Pacific Creek, 1 (MM); + junction of Two Ocean Lake Road and U.S. Highway 187, 2 (FC); + Signal Mountain Road, 1 (FC); Leigh Lake, 9 (MM); Indian Paint + Brush Canyon, Teton Park, 1 (MM); Teton National Park, 3; 3 mi. E + and 1/4 mi. S Moran, 6,200 ft., 1; 3-3/4 mi. E and 1 mi. S Moran, + 6,200 ft., 8; 2-1/2 mi. N and 3-1/2 mi. E Moran, 7,225 ft., 1; + Timbered Island, 6,750 ft., 4 mi. N Moose, 5; Bar BC Ranch, 6,500 + ft., 2-1/2 mi. NE Moose, 9; Grand Teton, 9,000 ft., Teton Park, 1 + (MM); Upper Arizona Creek, Jackson, 1 (MM). + + _Lincoln Co._: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5,650 ft., 2. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:69): _Yellowstone Park_: Mammoth + Hot Springs; Roaring Mountain; Bunsen Peak; Yancey; Apollinaris + Spring; Canyon; Yellowstone Lake; Upper Geyser Basin; Old Faithful. + _Park Co._: Near head of Clarks Fork; Pahaska, N Fork Shoshone + River at Grinnell Creek; Valley. _Teton Co._: Moran; Teton + Mountains; Teton Pass. _Lincoln Co._: Afton, Salt River Mountains; + head of La Barge Creek, 9,100 ft.; Salt River Mountains, 10 mi. SE + Afton. _Sublette Co._: Merna; Stanley. + + +Eutamias dorsalis (Baird) + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium to large; general tone of upper parts + Smoke Gray; dorsal stripes indistinct or obsolete; often brightly + colored at base of tail; keel of baculum proportionally high, + approximately 1/3 of length of tip; skull longer than 34.5 mm. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. umbrinus_, _E. dorsalis_ differs in: + Dorsal stripes faint; skull smaller; base of baculum not noticeably + expanded; general tone of upper parts grayer. + + For comparisons with _E. minimus_ and _E. amoenus_ see the accounts + of those species. + + [Illustration: FIG. 2. Known occurrences and probable geographic + distribution of _Eutamias amoenus_ and _Eutamias dorsalis_ in + Wyoming. See figure 1 for explanation of symbols. + + 1. _E. amoenus luteiventris_ + 2. _E. dorsalis utahensis_] + + +Eutamias dorsalis utahensis Merriam + + _Eutamias dorsalis utahensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 11:210, July 1, 1897. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186457 (NM); from Ogden, + Weber County, Utah; obtained on October 9, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; + original No. 289. + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium; dorsal stripes faint; baculum not + noticeably widened at base. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Pale Smoke Gray mixed with + Cinnamon; upper facial stripe Fuscous; other facial stripes Sayal + Brown mixed with Fuscous or Fuscous Black; anterior margin of ear + Ochraceous Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch + grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe Fuscous or black; other + dorsal dark stripes black and mixed with gray, sometimes barely + discernible; dorsal pair light stripes Smoke Gray; lateral pair of + light stripes creamy white; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed + with Cinnamon; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with + Tilleul Buff; underside of tail Cinnamon Buff or Pinkish Buff, + Fuscous Black around margin and Tilleul Buff around outermost edge; + antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon Buff; + underparts creamy white; sides Pinkish Cinnamon or Light Pinkish + Cinnamon. _Skull_: Size medium; braincase well inflated; zygomata + strong, moderately appressed to cranium. _Baculum_: Small; keel + approximately 1/3 of length of tip. + +_Remarks._--Only a few specimens of this subspecies have ever been +taken in Wyoming. Little is known about the habits of this chipmunk, +which normally is shy and wary. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 6. + + _Sweetwater Co._: W side Green River, 1 mi. N Utah border, 6. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:134): _Sweetwater Co._: Green + River, 4 mi. NE Linwood, Utah. + + [Illustration: FIG. 3. Known occurrences and probable geographic + distribution of the subspecies of _Eutamias umbrinus_ in Wyoming. See + figure 1 for explanation of symbols. + + 1. _E. u. umbrinus_ + 2. _E. u. fremonti_ + 3. _E. u. montanus_] + + +Eutamias umbrinus (J. A. Allen) + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; general tone of upper parts dark; base of + baculum widened; outermost dorsal dark stripe barely discernible or + lacking; skull rarely shorter than 34.0 mm. + + _Comparisons._--For comparisons with the other species of + _Eutamias_ in Wyoming, see the accounts of _E. minimus_, _E. + amoenus_, and _E. dorsalis_. + +_Remarks._--_E. umbrinus_ is the largest of the species of _Eutamias_ +occurring in Wyoming. This species usually occurs in the Canadian and +Hudsonian life-zones in the mountains of northwestern, southwestern, +and south-central Wyoming. + + +Eutamias umbrinus umbrinus (J. A. Allen) + + _Tamias umbrinus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 3:96, + June, 1890. + + _Eutamias umbrinus_, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., + 30:45, December 27, 1901. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186463 (NM); from Blacks + Fork, about 9,500 ft., Uinta Mountains, Summit County, Utah; + obtained on September 19, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 228. + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium; over-all tone of upper parts dark and + shadowy; skull smallest of this species in Wyoming. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Pale Smoke Gray; facial + stripes Fuscous Black or Snuff-Brown; ears Fuscous Black; posterior + margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal + dark stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of + dorsal dark stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown, or + entirely Sayal Brown; outermost pair of dorsal dark stripes Sayal + Brown mixed with Fuscous Black or lacking; sides Sayal Brown mixed + with Cinnamon; rump and thighs Sayal Brown mixed with Smoke Gray; + antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon Buff; + underside of tail Ochraceous Tawny or Sayal Brown, with Fuscous + Black around margin and Pinkish Buff around outermost edge; + underparts creamy white with dark gray underfur. _Skull_: Smooth + and rounded; braincase inflated; zygomata strong. _Baculum_: + Broadened at base; shaft tapers rapidly to tip. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. u. fremonti_, the subspecies from the + north in the mountains of northwestern Wyoming, _E. u. umbrinus_ + differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; sides lighter; + skull smaller. From _E. u. montanus_, the subspecies from the + Medicine Bow Range of south-central Wyoming, _E. u. umbrinus_ + differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; sides darker; + skull smaller. + +_Remarks._--This subspecies occurs only in the foothills of the Uinta +Mountains in the southern part of Uinta County. These "foothills" are +well-timbered and at an altitude of 7,000 feet and higher. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 23. + + _Uinta Co._: 9 mi. S Robertson, 8,000 ft, 15; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W + Robertson, 8,700 ft., 5; 11-1/2 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 + ft., 1; 2 mi. E and 12 mi. S Robertson, Ashley Nat. Forest, 1; 13 + mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:95): _Uinta Co._: Henry Fork, 5 + mi. W Lone Tree; Lone Tree. + + +Eutamias umbrinus fremonti White + + _Eutamias umbrinus fremonti_ White, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. + Hist. 5:575, December 1, 1953. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull, skin, and baculum, No. 41790 (KU); + from 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., Sublette County, Wyoming; + obtained on July 8, 1951, by Rollin H. Baker; original No. 1596. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; over-all tone of upper parts dark; lower + tooth-row longest of this species in Wyoming. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Cinnamon Buff mixed with + gray; upper facial stripe Sepia; ocular stripe Chaetura-Drab; + submalar stripe Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown; ears black; + anterior margin of ear Mars Yellow; posterior margin of ear grayish + white; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Dresden Brown; + postauricular patch Pale Smoke Gray; median dorsal dark stripe + black; lateral dorsal dark stripes black mixed with Sayal Brown; + outermost dorsal dark stripes Buckhorn Brown mixed with black or + sometimes absent; median pair of dorsal light stripes grayish mixed + with Buckhorn Brown; outer pair of dorsal light stripes creamy + white; sides Buckhorn Brown; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed + with Saccardo's Umber; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with + Buckhorn Brown; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown, with Fuscous + Black around margin and white or Light Buff around outermost edge; + antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Warm Buff; underparts + creamy white with dark underfur. _Skull_: Large; zygomata strong + and arched; braincase well inflated. _Baculum_: Broad at base; + shaft tapers sharply to tip. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. u. montanus_, the subspecies from the + Medicine Bow Range of south-central Wyoming, _E. u. fremonti_ + differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; underside of tail + darker; feet darker; sides darker. + + For comparisons with _E. u. umbrinus_ see the account of that + subspecies. + +_Remarks._--This subspecies normally occurs in the forest as do the +other subspecies of _E. umbrinus_ in Wyoming. A single specimen taken +at 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W Shoshoni, Fremont County, is the exception +which probably indicates that _E. umbrinus_ does occur outside of its +normal habitat and that gene-flow exists between the subspecies of this +species. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 53. + + _Yellowstone Park_: Unspecified, 2. + + _Park Co._: Beartooth Lake, 1 (BS); 16-1/4 mi. N and 17 mi. W Cody, + 5,625 ft., 2. + + _Teton Co._: 1 mi. E and 1/4 mi. N Togwotee Pass, 9,800 ft., 2; + Amphitheater Lake, Teton Park, 1 (MM); Flat Creek, 4 (MM); head of + Cache Creek, 4 (MM); Jackson, Upper Arizona Creek, 2 (MM); Flat + Creek-Granite Creek divide, 6 (MM); Flat Creek Pass, 1 (MM); Flat + Creek-Gravel Creek divide, 2 (MM). + + _Lincoln Co._: La Barge Creek, near source, 9,000 ft., 1 (BS). + + _Fremont Co._: Togwotee Pass, 12 (FC); 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W + Shoshoni, 4,650 ft, 1; Mosquito Park R.S., 9,500 ft., 17-1/2 mi. W + and 2-1/2 mi. N Lander, 1; 17 mi. S and 6-1/2 mi. W Lander, 8,450 + ft., 3. + + _Sublette Co._: 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., 1; W side Barbara + Lake, 10,300 ft., 8 mi. S and 3 mi. W Fremont Peak, 4; 19 mi. W and + 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7,700 ft., 5. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:95): _Park Co._: Near head of + Clark Fork; Whirlwind Peak near Pahaska, N Fork Shoshone River; + Valley, Shoshone Mountains; Needle Mountain. _Teton Co._: Teton + Mountains, S Moose Creek. _Lincoln Co._: Salt River Mountains. + _Sublette Co._: Gros Ventre Range, 12 mi. NW Kendall; Merna; 8 mi. + W Stanley; Big Sandy. _Fremont Co._: Jackey's Creek, 4 mi. SW + Dubois; Bull Lake, Wind River Mountains; Lake Fork, Wind River + Mountains; Fremont Peak. + + +Eutamias umbrinus montanus White + + _Eutamias umbrinus montanus_ White, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. + Hist. 5:576, December 1, 1953. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull, skin, and baculum; 20105 (KU); from + 1/2 mi. E and 3 mi. S Ward, 9,400 ft., Boulder County, Colorado; + obtained on August 1, 1947, by E. L. Cockrum; original No. 721. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; over-all tone of upper parts light; sides + light. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Raw Sienna mixed with gray; + upper facial stripe and ocular stripe black mixed with Sepia; + submalar stripe Snuff-Brown mixed with black; ear black or Sepia; + anterior margin of ear Ochraceous Tawny; posterior margin of ear + and postauricular patch grayish white; hairs inside posterior part + of pinna Cinnamon Buff; median dorsal dark stripe black with Sayal + Brown along margins; lateral pair of dorsal dark stripes black + mixed with Sayal Brown; outermost pair of dorsal dark stripes Sayal + Brown mixed with black or sometimes lacking; median pair of dorsal + light stripes Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Clay Color; outer pair of + dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Clay Color; rump and + thighs Neutral Gray; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with + Cinnamon Buff; ventral surface of tail Ochraceous Tawny, with black + along margin and Cinnamon Buff or Ochraceous Tawny along outermost + edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon Buff; + underparts creamy white with dark underfur. _Skull_: Large; + zygomata strong and arched; braincase well inflated. _Baculum_: + Broad at base; shaft tapers sharply to tip. + + _Comparisons._--For comparisons with _E. u. umbrinus_ and _E. u. + fremonti_, see the accounts of those subspecies. + +_Remarks._--Although in Wyoming this subspecies is known only from the +Medicine Bow Range, one would expect to find it occurring in the Snowy +Range and the Laramie Range as well, since there seems to be suitable +habitat for this subspecies in those mountain ranges. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 3. + + _Albany Co._: 8 mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,000 ft., 2; 3-1/2 mi. S + Wood's Landing, 1. + + +REVIEW AND CONCLUSIONS + +_Eutamias minimus_ in Wyoming is divisible into two size-groups of +subspecies; the smaller size-group (_E. m. minimus_ and _E. m. +consobrinus_), which occurs in the western part of the State, is +significantly smaller, in measurements of the skull and baculum, than +the larger size-group (_E. m. pallidas_, _E. m. confinis_, _E. m. +silvaticus_, and _E. m. operarius_) which occurs in the eastern part of +the State. + +Although all the six subspecies of _E. minimus_ in Wyoming can be +differentiated from one another by color pattern, this species cannot +be divided, by means of color pattern, into two groups, comparable in +geographic range, to the two size-groups that were established above on +the basis of variations in the skull and baculum. + +Thus, the subspecies of _E. minimus_ are morphologically differentiated +at two distinct levels; one level is based on differences in the skull +and baculum, while the other is based on differences in color. + +Although there is considerable controversy concerning the glacial +chronology in the mountains of western North America (Flint +1947:302-303), it is generally agreed that in Wyoming, in Wisconsinan +time (the latest glacial age), glaciers covered a large part of the +Yellowstone-Teton-Wind River highlands, the Big Horn Mountains, the +southern part of the Laramie Range, the Medicine Bow Range, Sierra +Madre Range, and the northern foothills of the Uinta Mountains. With +this in mind, a possible explanation of the geographic variation in _E. +minimus_ of Wyoming, is here attempted. + +In Sangamonian time, _E. minimus_-like chipmunks occurred over most of +the region which is now Wyoming, and were divided into two size-groups, +much as _E. minimus_ is today. + +When permanent snow fields were formed in Wisconsinan time, these +chipmunks were restricted in their ranges, not, of course, occurring on +the glaciers. + +When the glaciers melted at the end of Wisconsinan time, new habitats +were thus "uncovered." The chipmunks which moved into these ice-free +areas, then, became adapted to the new habitats. This then accounts for +the subspeciation of _E. m. consobrinus_, _E. m. confinis_, and _E. m. +operarius_. + +The Black Hills were not covered by glaciers. In late Pleistocene time +these hills were probably of low relief. Subsequent differential +erosion produced relief sufficient to provide a different habitat. The +chipmunks that continued to occupy this area adapted themselves in +color to the new habitat and became _E. m. silvaticus_. + + +LITERATURE CITED + +CARY, M. + + 1917. Life zone investigations in Wyoming. N. Amer. Fauna, 42:1-96, + 15 pls., 17 figs. + +FLINT, R. F. + + 1947. Glacial geology and the Pleistocene Epoch. John Wiley and + Sons, New York, pp. xviii + 589, 88 figs., 27 tables, 6 pls. + +HALL, E. R. + + 1926. Changes during growth in the skull of the rodent + Otospermophilus grammurus beecheyi. Univ. California Publ. Zool., + 21:355-404, 43 figs., March 9. + + 1946. Mammals of Nevada. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, + California, pp. xi + 710, 11 pls., 485 figs., July 1. + +HOWELL, A. H. + + 1929. Revision of the American chipmunks (genera _Tamias_ and + _Eutamias_). N. Amer. Fauna, 52:1-157, 10 pls., 9 maps, November + 30. + +JOHNSON, D. H. + + 1943. Systematic review of the chipmunks (genus Eutamias) of + California. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 48:63-148, 1 pl., 12 + figs., December 24. + +LARRISON, E. J. + + 1949. Variation in the chipmunks of west-central Washington. + Murrelet, 29:34-43, 1 map, March 1. + +SHAW, W. T. + + 1944. Brood nests and young of two western chipmunks in the Olympic + Mountains of Washington. Jour. Mamm., 25:274-284, 1 pl., 4 figs., + September 8. + +WHITE, J. A. + + 1953. Taxonomy of the chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and + Eutamias umbrinus. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:563-582, + 6 figs. in text, December 1. + + +_Transmitted June 26, 1953._ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy +of the Chipmunks of Wyoming, by John A. 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