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White + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of Wyoming + +Author: John A. White + +Release Date: April 11, 2010 [EBook #31951] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHIPMUNKS OF WYOMING *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<h1> +Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy +<br> +of the Chipmunks of Wyoming +</h1> +<br> +<h3> +By +</h3> +<h2> +JOHN A. WHITE +</h2> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<h3> +University of Kansas Publications +</h3> +<h3> +Museum of Natural History +</h3> +<h3> +Volume 5, No. 34, pp. 583-610, 3 figures in text +</h3> +<h3> +December 1, 1953 +</h3> +<br> +<br> +<br> +<h4> +University of Kansas +<br> +LAWRENCE +<br> +1953 +<br> +</h4> +<hr class="med"> +<p class="ctr"> +<span class="sc"> +University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History +</span> +</p> +<p class="ctr"> +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, +<br> +and Robert W. Wilson +</p> +<p class="ctr"> +Volume 5, No. 34, pp. 583-610, 3 figures in text +</p> +<p class="ctr"> +December 1, 1953 +</p> +<br> +<p class="ctr"> +<span class="sc"> +University of Kansas</span> +<br> +Lawrence, Kansas +</p> +<br> +<p class="ctr"> +PRINTED BY +<br> +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +<br> +TOPEKA, KANSAS +<br> +1953 +</p> +<hr class="med"> +<h3> +<span class="sc"> +Contents +</span> +</h3> +<table summary="Contents"> +<tr> +<td class="txt1"> + +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<small> +PAGE</small> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt1"> +Purpose +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#purpose"> +586</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt1"> +Methods, Materials, and Acknowledgments +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#methods"> +586</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt1"> +Variation +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#variation"> +587</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt2"> +Juveniles +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#juveniles"> +587</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt2"> +Young +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#young"> +587</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt2"> +Subadults +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#subadults"> +588</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt2"> +Adults +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#adults"> +588</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt2"> +Old adults +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#old"> +588</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt1"> +Key to the Species of Chipmunks Inhabiting Wyoming +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#key"> +589</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt1"> +Accounts of Species and Subspecies +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#accounts"> +590</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt2"> +<i> +Eutamias minimus</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#minimus"> +590</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt3"> +<i> +E. m. minimus</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#mminimus"> +591</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt3"> +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#consobrinus"> +593</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt3"> +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#pallidus"> +594</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt3"> +<i> +E. m. confinis</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#confinis"> +596</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt3"> +<i> +E. m. silvaticus</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#silvaticus"> +597</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt3"> +<i> +E. m. operarius</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#operarius"> +598</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt2"> +<i> +Eutamias amoenus</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#amoenus"> +602</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt3"> +<i> +E. a. luteiventris</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#luteiventris"> +602</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt2"> +<i> +Eutamias dorsalis</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#dorsalis"> +603</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt3"> +<i> +E. d. utahensis</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#utahensis"> +604</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt2"> +<i> +Eutamias umbrinus</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#umbrinus"> +606</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt3"> +<i> +E. u. umbrinus</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#uumbrinus"> +606</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt3"> +<i> +E. u. fremonti</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#fremonti"> +607</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt3"> +<i> +E. u. montanus</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#montanus"> +608</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt1"> +Review and Conclusions +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#review"> +609</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt1"> +Literature Cited +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#lit"> +610</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<br> +<h3> +<span class="sc"> +Figures +</span> +</h3> +<table summary="Figures"> +<tr> +<td class="txt1"> +Figure 1. Subspecies of +<i> +Eutamias minimus</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#fig1"> +590</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt1"> +Figure 2. +<i> +Eutamias amoenus +</i> +and +<i> +Eutamias dorsalis</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#fig2"> +604</a> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="txt1"> +Figure 3. Subspecies of +<i> +Eutamias umbrinus</i> +</td> +<td class="pg"> +<a href="#fig3"> +605</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<hr class="long"> +<p class="section"> +<a name="purpose"> +<span class="sc"> +Purpose</span> +</a> +</p> +<p> +The purpose of the following account is to: (1) Show what kinds of chipmunks occur in Wyoming; (2) point out the interrelationships between these kinds; and (3) account, where possible, for the present distribution of these animals in Wyoming. +</p> +<p class="section"> +<a name="methods"> +<span class="sc"> +Methods, Materials, and Acknowledgments</span> +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +Capitalized color terms in the following accounts are of Ridgway, "Color Standards and Color Nomenclature," Washington, D.C., 1912. +</p> +<p> +The measurements of the skull that were used in this study were made as shown in White (1953:566, fig. 1). These are: Greatest length of skull, zygomatic breadth, cranial breadth, length of nasals, length of lower tooth-row, condylo-alveolar length of mandible, and inner mandibular length. +</p> +<p> +Of the external measurements, only the total length and the length of the tail are recorded in table 1. Some field collectors measured the ear from the notch and others from the crown; most collectors measured the length of the hindfoot to the nearest millimeter rather than in tenths of a millimeter as would have been desirable. Consequently, I decided against using the length of the ear and hindfoot in this report. +</p> +<p> +When the word "significantly" is used in comparisons, it is meant to show that there is a significant statistical difference between two or more samples. Whenever eight or more specimens from one locality were available, the mean, range, standard deviation, standard error of the mean, and coefficient of variability were calculated. +</p> +<p> +Only adult specimens were used in comparison. "Aging" of specimens is discussed on page 587 of this paper. +</p> +<p> +The geographic range of each species and subspecies is not described in writing, for, the localities are plotted on maps along with the geographic range of each subspecies, and under "specimens examined" the locality of each specimen or series of specimens is listed. +</p> +<p> +In the synonymy of each subspecies there appears, first the first usage of a name, second the first usage of the name combination now employed, and third, pure synonyms. +</p> +<p> +A total of 757 specimens of chipmunks are listed as examined in the course of preparing this report. Additional specimens were less carefully examined in the Biological Surveys Collection in Washington, D.C. Specimens used in my study, unless otherwise specified, are in the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. The symbols representing the collections containing specimens studied are as follows: +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +BS—United States Biological Surveys Collection. +<br> +FC—Collection of James S. Findley. +<br> +MM—Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. +<br> +NM—United States National Museum. +<br> +KU—Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. +</p> +</div> +<p> +I am grateful to Professor E. Raymond Hall for guidance in my study and thank Doctors Robert W. Wilson, E. Lendell Cockrum, Keith R. Kelson, A. Byron Leonard, Rollin H. Baker, and others at the Museum of Natural History and Department of Zoology, University of Kansas, for encouragement and advice. My wife, Alice M. White, made the illustrations and helped me in many ways. +</p> +<p> +For permission to borrow and to study specimens, I thank Dr. W. H. Burt of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Miss Viola S. Schantz of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Mr. Colin C. Sanborn of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and Mr. James S. Findley. +</p> +<p> +Assistance with field work is acknowledged from the Kansas University Endowment Association, the National Science Foundation and the United States Navy, Office of Naval Research, through contract No. NR161 791. +</p> +</div> +<p class="section"> +<a name="variation"> +<span class="sc"> +Variation</span> +</a> +</p> +<p> +Secondary sexual variation in chipmunks is small; the females are slightly larger than the males. This difference in size is so slight that it can be ignored when making taxonomic comparisons, for, large samples of males and females of like age and from the same locality were compared and were found statistically not to be significantly different. This is in agreement with Johnson (1943:70) and Hall (1946:329). +</p> +<p> +Variations of taxonomic worth are treated in the accounts of species and subspecies. +</p> +<p> +Individual variation is slight, for, the analyses of measurements of the skulls of series of specimens of like age, reveal markedly low coefficients of variability resembling those published by Larrison (1949). +</p> +<p> +The age-categories here recognized are based primarily on the structure of the skull. +</p> +<p> +<a name="juveniles"> +<i> +Juveniles.</i></a>—Nasals proportionally shorter and more pointed anteriorly than in other categories; zygomatic arches more appressed to cranium; suture separating basisphenoid and presphenoid noticeably "open"; deciduous P4 and p4 show no wear through enamel; M3 and m3 not yet erupted; peglike deciduous P3 strongly leaning posteriorly; molars show no wear through enamel; parietals paperlike or thin; skull convex dorsally; 1 to 1½ months of age. +</p> +<p> +<a name="young"> +<i> +Young.</i></a>—Nasals of adult proportions; zygomatic arches still noticeably appressed anteriorly to cranium; suture between basisphenoid and presphenoid still "open"; nasals rounded, no longer so pointed as in juveniles; deciduous P4 and p4 show wear through enamel layer, and in some specimens, permanent P4 and p4 can be seen beneath; roots of deciduous P4 and p4 clearly show erosion beneath; M3 and m3 fully erupted; peglike deciduous P3 still present; parietals noticeably thicker and less paperlike; skull flattened (not so convex dorsally), but not so flattened as in adults; 1½ to 4 months of age. +</p> +<p> +In both juveniles and young the P4 and p4 are deciduous and differ in occlusal pattern from the permanent P4 and p4. In the deciduous P4 the anterior cingulum is projected strongly anteriorly forming the apex of the sharpest angle of a triangle, whereas the permanent P4 is trapezoidal in occlusal pattern. In the deciduous p4 the protoconid and metaconid are close together giving this tooth a triangular appearance in occlusal pattern, whereas this pattern in permanent p4 is trapezoidal (see Hall 1926:390). +</p> +<p> +<a name="subadults"> +<i> +Subadults.</i></a>—Adult configuration of skull reached; suture between basisphenoid and presphenoid completely closed; nasals rounded anteriorly; permanent P4 and p4 show no wear through enamel layer; wear through enamel layer of molars noticeable, especially through protocones; peglike permanent P3 slanting only slightly posteriorly; skull only slightly convex dorsally; parietals solid and resistant to pressure; lambdoidal crest weakly developed; 4 to 10 months of age. +</p> +<p> +<a name="adults"> +<i> +Adults.</i></a>—Lambdoidal crest well developed; supraorbital ridges pronounced; P4 and p4 show wear through enamel layer and frequently as worn as molars; noticeable wear on lophs and lophids of molars; occlusal pattern always visible; ten months to 2 years of age. +</p> +<p> +<a name="old"> +<i> +Old adults.</i></a>—Ridges and crests extremely well developed; occlusal pattern of molariform teeth obliterated or nearly so; P3 noticeably worn; 2 to 4 years or older. +</p> +<p> +The hypohyal and ceratohyal bones of the hyoid apparatus are distinct from one another in juveniles and young, but are fused in subadults, adults, and old adults. +</p> +<p> +Lack of suitable material prevented me from studying chipmunks younger than juveniles. The patterns of growth of these younger chipmunks probably closely follow the changes described by Hall (1926) for +<i> +Citellus beecheyi</i>. +</p> +<p> +The tip of the baculum in juveniles and young is proportionally longer, in relation to the shaft, than in subadults, adults, and old adults. +</p> +<p> +Juvenal (juveniles and young) pelage in chipmunks is characterized by silkiness and sparseness, especially on the venter. The coloration of this juvenal pelage resembles that of adults in winter pelage which is duller than adult summer pelage. Adult pelage (subadults, adults, and old adults) is not so silky as juvenal pelage, but there are more hairs, especially on the venter. The color pattern is the same in both juvenal and adult pelages. +</p> +<p> +Chipmunks are born naked and blind and in about two weeks the "body is covered with silken hair clearly demonstrating the color pattern so characteristic of chipmunks...." (Shaw 1944:282). This "silken hair" is replaced by adult summer pelage, and juvenal chipmunks which are molting into adult summer pelage closely resemble the adult males, and later on in the summer, the adult females. Adult females molt later, as a rule, than adult males probably because of lactation. Summer molt begins, on chipmunks in Wyoming and South Dakota, in the latter part of June and is completed by the latter part of August or the first part of September. +</p> +<p> +Summer molt begins, topographically, in the region of the head and progresses posteriorly to the base of the tail, for, the tail does not molt into summer pelage. The winter molt starts at the same time at the tip of the tail and at the base of the tail, and from each place proceeds anteriorly. The sequence described above is the rule; exceptionally, there are some specimens which molted in patches. In most skins, molts are easily detected because distinct molt-lines were formed. The above description of molting is based on study of a large series of specimens of +<i> +Eutamias minimus silvaticus +</i> +taken in several seasons of the year. +</p> +<p> +The summer pelage is bright, more especially on the sides. In late summer the pelage on the tail is markedly worn, and the hairs around its outer margin are broken. In texture, the summer pelage is not so soft as winter pelage, and this is probably owing to the presence of large amounts of "kinky" underfur in the winter pelage. +</p> +<p> +The winter pelage is soft, dull in color, and gives the specimen a grayish or an umbrous appearance. The guard hairs are longer than in the summer pelage. +</p> +<p class="section"> +<a name="key"> +<span class="sc"> +Key to the Species of the Chipmunks of Wyoming</span> +</a> +</p> +<ul> +<li> +1. Dorsal stripes faint; general tone of upper parts grayish. +<span class="ralign"> +<i> +Eutamias dorsalis</i>, p. 603 +</span> +</li> +<li> +1'. Dorsal stripes distinct; general tone of upper parts tawny (not grayish). +</li> +<li class="i2"> +2. Venter yellowish or buff; tip of baculum more than 30 per cent of length of shaft; shaft of baculum not widened at base. +<span class="ralign"> +<i> +Eutamias amoenus</i>, p. 602 +</span> +</li> +<li class="i2"> +2'. Venter white; tip of baculum less than 29 per cent of length of shaft—if more than 29 per cent, shaft widened at base. +</li> +<li class="i3"> +3. Size small to medium; greatest length of skull less than 34 mm.; shaft of baculum not widened at base; outermost dorsal dark stripe never obsolete +<span class="ralign"> +<i> +Eutamias minimus</i>, p. 590 +</span> +</li> +<li class="i3"> +3'. Size large; greatest length of skull rarely less than 34 mm.; shaft of baculum widened at base; outermost dorsal dark stripe often obsolete, never strongly evident. +<span class="ralign"> +<i> +Eutamias umbrinus</i>, p. 606 +</span> +</li> +</ul> +<p class="section"> +<a name="accounts"> +<span class="sc"> +Accounts of Species and Subspecies</span> +</a> +</p> +<p class="head"> +<a name="minimus"> +<b> +Eutamias minimus +</b> +(Bachman) +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size small; tip of baculum of adults less than 28 per cent of length of shaft; outermost dorsal dark stripes distinct; skull small to medium; when skull medium, zygomatic breadth not proportionally narrower. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—From +<i> +Eutamias amoenus luteiventris</i>, the only subspecies of that species in Wyoming, +<i> +E. minimus +</i> +differs in: Size smaller; tip of baculum in adults less than 28 per cent of length of shaft; zygomatic arches proportionally wider; underparts white or with less yellow or tawny. +</p> +<p> +From +<i> +E. umbrinus</i>, +<i> +E. minimus +</i> +differs in: Size smaller; general tone of upper parts lighter; base of baculum not widened but almost as narrow as least diameter of shaft. +</p> +</div> +<div class="figcenter"> +<a name="fig1"> +<img src="images/001.jpg" alt="Fig. 1." width="600" height="512"> +</a> +</div> +<div class="caption"> +<p> +<span class="sc"> +Fig. 1. +</span> +Known occurrence and probable geographic distribution of the subspecies of +<i> +Eutamias minimus +</i> +in Wyoming. The symbols for locality records are as follows: Circles, specimens reported but not examined; solid circles, precise localities of specimens examined; solid triangles, localities of specimens examined, known only to county. +</p> +<table summary="List"> +<tr> +<td> +1. +<i> +E. m. minimus</i> +</td> +<td> + 4. +<i> +E. m. confinis</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +2. +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i> +</td> +<td> + 5. +<i> +E. m. silvaticus</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +3. +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i> +</td> +<td> + 6. +<i> +E. m. operarius</i> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p> +From +<i> +E. dorsalis utahensis</i>, the only subspecies of this species in Wyoming, +<i> +E. minimus +</i> +differs in: Dorsal dark stripes distinct and usually blackish; skull smaller; tip of baculum of adults less than 28 per cent of length of shaft. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—This is the smallest of the species of chipmunks in Wyoming, and in the state can be readily distinguished from the other species by the smaller size and by the characteristic proportions of the baculum. +</p> +<p> +<i> +E. minimus +</i> +occurs in all the Life-zones of Wyoming, and inhabits open country, such as in the great expanses where sagebrush (<i>Artemesia +</i> +sp.) is predominant, or inhabits the edges of forests, never occurring in the forest proper. +</p> +<p> +Analyses of measurements of the skull indicate that of the six subspecies of +<i> +E. minimus +</i> +that are found in Wyoming, two are small (<i>E. m. minimus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i>) and the other four are large (<i>E. m. pallidus</i>, +<i> +E. m. confinis</i>, +<i> +E. m. silvaticus</i>, and +<i> +E. m. operarius</i>). Within these size-groups the subspecies can be distinguished by differences in color pattern. +</p> +<p class="head"> +<a name="mminimus"> +<b> +Eutamias minimus minimus +</b> +(Bachman) +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Tamias minimus +</i> +Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8(pt. 1):71, 1839. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias minimus</i>, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 30:42, December 27, 1901. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Type.</i>—Obtained on Green River, near mouth of Big Sandy Creek, Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Age, sex, collector, and date when obtained, not surely known. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size small; general tone of upper parts pale grayish brown; baculum small. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Description.</i>—<i>Color pattern</i>: Crown Pinkish Buff mixed with grayish white; facial stripes Snuff-Brown mixed with black; anterior margin of ear Drab washed with Cinnamon; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Light Pinkish Cinnamon; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of dark stripes Sayal Brown more or less mixed with Fuscous; pairs of light dorsal stripes grayish white and tinged with Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Clay Color, Blackish Brown mixed with Cinnamon-Buff around margins; antiplantar and antipalmar surfaces of feet Pale Pinkish Buff; underparts creamy white. +<i> +Skull +</i> +and +<i> +Baculum</i>: Small but proportionally the same as in other subspecies of +<i> +E. minimus</i>. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—From +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i>, the subspecies to the west and south, +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts lighter; underside of tail lighter. +</p> +<p> +From +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i>, the subspecies to the north and northeast, +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; slightly paler. +</p> +<p> +From +<i> +E. m. confinis</i>, the subspecies in the Big Horn Mountains, +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler. +</p> +<p> +From +<i> +E. m. operarius</i>, the subspecies to the east and southeast, +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—<i>E. m. minimus +</i> +is the smallest of the chipmunks that occur in Wyoming. This pale little squirrel is found in the Red Desert in Sweetwater County, where the features distinctive of the subspecies are most strongly developed. Specimens from western Sweetwater County and northwestern Uinta County are intergrades between +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. consobrinus +</i> +and are referable to +<i> +E. m. minimus</i>. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Specimens examined.</i>—Total number 167. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Sublette Co.</i>: 60 mi. SE Jackson [Teton County], 1 (MM); 2 mi. SE Big Sandy, 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Fremont Co.</i>: 40 mi. E Dubois, 1; 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W Shoshoni, 4,650 ft., 2; 9 mi. N and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 2; 7 mi. N and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 3; 2½ mi. W Shoshoni, 4,800 ft., 1; Granite Mountains, 6; Mount Crooks, 8,600 ft., 6. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Natrona Co.</i>: 27 mi. N and 1 mi. E Powder River, 6,075 ft., 2; 15 mi. N and 1 mi. W Waltman, 1; 9 mi. S and 9 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 ft., 1; 16 mi. S and 11 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 ft., 2; Sun Ranch, 5 mi. W Independence Rock, 6,000 ft., 4; 9 mi. W and 1 mi. N Independence Rock, 1; 5 mi. W and 1 mi. S Independence Rock, 2. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Uinta Co.</i>: 15 mi. WSW Granger [Sweetwater County], 1; 10 mi. SW Granger [Sweetwater County], 10 (MM). +</p> +<p> +<i> +Sweetwater Co.</i>: Farson, 6,580 ft., 11; 5 mi. E Farson, 1; 27 mi. N Table Rock, 1 (MM); 27 mi. N and 37 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 ft., 1; 25 mi. N and 38 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 ft., 3; Junction of Big Sandy Creek and Green River, 6,400 ft., 7 (3MM); 17 mi. N and 6 mi. W Rock Springs, 7,000 ft., 1; Thayer Junction, 9 (MM); Table Rock, 1 (MM); Wamsutter, 1 (MM); Green River, 4 (MM); Bitter Creek, 2 (FC); 13 mi. S and 14 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,650 ft., 2; 18 mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,800 ft., 2; 22 mi. SSW Bitter Creek, 5; 26 mi. S and 21 mi. W Rock Springs, 3; Kinney Ranch, 6,800 ft., 21 mi. S Bitter Creek, 15; 30 mi. S Bitter Creek, 2; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. W Rock Springs, 1; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. E Rock Springs, 7,025 ft., 12; 33 mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,900 ft., 6; 3 mi. W Green River, and 2 mi. N Utah Boundary, 1; 1/2 mi. N Junction Henrys Fork and Utah Boundary, 2; 1 mi. N Linwood, Utah, 1 (MM). +</p> +<p> +<i> +Carbon Co.</i>: 18 mi. NNE Sinclair, 6,500 ft., 2; Rawlins, 1; 30 mi. E Rawlins, 6,750 ft., 2; Bridgers Pass, 18 mi. SW Rawlins, 7,500 ft., 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Additional records +</i> +(Howell 1929:38): +<i> +Lincoln Co.</i>: Fontanelle; Opal. +<i> +Sublette Co.</i>: Big Piney; Green River at junction with New Fork; Muddy Creek, near Big Sandy Creek. +<i> +Fremont Co.</i>: Jackeys Creek, 3 mi. S Dubois; Wind River near mouth of Meadow Creek; Ft. Washakie; Green Mountains, 8 mi. E Rongis. +<i> +Natrona Co.</i>: Bitter Creek, near Powder River; Rattlesnake Mountains; Casper; Independence Rock. +<i> +Sweetwater Co.</i>: Eden, Steamboat Mountain; Superior; Maxon; Green River, 4 mi. N Linwood, Utah; Henrys Fork, at mouth of Burnt Fork. +<i> +Carbon Co.</i>: Canyon Creek, 12 mi. S Alcova; Ferris Mountains; Shirley; Shirley Mountains; 8½ mi. SE Lost Soldier [= Bairoil]; Ft. Steele; Sulphur Springs. +<i> +Albany Co.</i>: Spring Creek, 10 mi. W Marshall; Sheep Creek. +<i> +County uncertain</i>: Little Sandy River; Green River. +</p> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<a name="consobrinus"> +<b> +Eutamias minimus consobrinus +</b> +(J. A. Allen) +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Tamias minimus consobrinus +</i> +J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 3:112, June, 1890. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias minimus consobrinus</i>, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 30:42, December 27, 1901. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias lectus +</i> +J. A. Allen, Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Sci. Bull. 1:117, March 31, 1905 (not in Wyoming), type from Beaver Valley, Utah. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias consobrinus clarus +</i> +Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 31:31, May 16, 1918, type from Swan Lake Valley, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Type.</i>—Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186456 (NM); from near Barclay, Parley's Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Salt Lake County, Utah; obtained on October 31, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 361. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size small; over-all tone of upper parts grayish brown; baculum small, as in +<i> +E. m. minimus</i>. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Description.</i>—<i>Color pattern</i>: Crown Smoke Gray mixed with Ochraceous-Tawny; upper facial stripe Fuscous; other facial stripes Fuscous or Fuscous Black mixed with Tawny; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Light Ochraceous-Buff; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; other dorsal dark stripes black mixed with Ochraceous-Tawny; median pair of dorsal light stripes grayish white with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; lateral pair of light dorsal stripes white; sides Ochraceous-Tawny or Light Sayal Brown; rump and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown, Fuscous Black along margin, and Cinnamon-Buff or Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Light Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff; underparts grayish white mixed slightly with Buff. +<i> +Skull +</i> +and +<i> +Baculum</i>: Small but proportionally the same as in other subspecies of +<i> +E. minimus</i>. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—From +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i>, the subspecies to the east, +<i> +E. m. consobrinus +</i> +differs in: Color darker; size smaller; skull narrower and shorter; baculum shorter. +</p> +<p> +From +<i> +E. m. confinis</i>, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains, +<i> +E. m. consobrinus +</i> +differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts less grayish; underside of tail lighter; skull narrower and shorter; baculum shorter. +</p> +<p> +For comparisons with +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +see the account of that subspecies. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—Specimens of this subspecies from the area between the Uinta Mountains and the mountains of the Wyoming and Wind River ranges, are clearly intergrades between +<i> +E. m. consobrinus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +and are here referred to +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i>. These specimens are paler than typical +<i> +E. m. consobrinus +</i> +and considerably darker than +<i> +E. m. minimus</i>. These intergrades came from an area where the habitat is intermediate between that of +<i> +E. m. consobrinus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +but more nearly like that of +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i>. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 135. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Yellowstone Park</i>: Fishing Bridge, 1 (MM). +</p> +<p> +<i> +Park Co.</i>: SW slope Whirlwind Peak, 9,000 ft., 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Teton Co.</i>: N end Blacktail Butte, 6,600 ft., 1 mi. E Moose, 1; Bar BC Ranch, 6,500 ft., 2½ mi. NE Moose, 2; 3¾ mi. E Moose, 6,300 ft., 3; 3¾ mi. E and 3/4 mi. S Moran, 6,210 ft., 2; 5 mi. S Moran, 1 (FC); 2 mi. S Elk Ranch, 2 (FC); 7 mi. S Moran, 1 (FC); 19 mi. E and 2 mi. S Moran, 1; Flat Creek Pass, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Crystal Creek Divide, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Granite Creek Divide, 5 (MM); Dry Hollow, Jackson, 1 (MM); Jackson, 4 (MM); Jenny Lake, 2 (MM); Sheep Creek, Jackson, 1 (MM). +</p> +<p> +<i> +Lincoln Co.</i>: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5,650 ft., 2; 13 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 ft., 2; 10 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 ft., 2; 6 mi. N and 2 mi. E Sage, 6,050 ft., 1; Kemmerer, 1; Cumberland, 14 mi. S and 1 mi. W Kemmerer, 6,550 ft., 6. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Sublette Co.</i>: 5 mi. E and 9 mi. N Pinedale, 9,200 ft., 12; 10 mi. NE Pinedale, 8,000 ft., 2; W end Half Moon Lake, 7,900 ft., 5; 3 mi. E and 5 mi. N Pinedale, 7,500 ft., 3; 2¼ mi. NE Pinedale, 7,500 ft, 3; 4 mi. W Pinedale, 7,200 ft., 2; 19 mi. W and 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7,700 ft., 1; 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., 2. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Fremont Co.</i>: Togwotee Pass, 3 (1 FC); Moccasin Lake, 10,100 ft., 19 mi. W and 4 mi. N Lander, 1; 16 mi. S and 5½ mi. W Lander, 8,650 ft., 1; 23½ mi. S and 5 mi. W Lander, 8,600 ft., 1; 3 mi. E and 1/2 mi. N South Pass City, 7,900 ft., 7; Mosquito Park R.S., 9,500 ft., 17½ mi. W and 2½ mi. N Lander, 1; 4 mi. S and 8½ mi. W Lander, 9,200 ft., 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Uinta Co.</i>: 1/2 mi. S Cumberland [Lincoln County], 1; 2 mi. W Fort Bridger, 6,070 ft., 1; 8½ mi. W Fort Bridger, 6,700 ft., 17; 1/2 mi. S Mountain View, 6,900 ft., 2; 6 mi. S and 2½ mi. E Robertson, 8,200 ft., 3; 8 mi. S and 2½ mi. E Robertson, 8,300 ft., 1; 9 mi. S Robertson, 8,000 ft., 5; 9½ mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,600 ft., 2; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,700 ft., 4; 13 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 7; 2 mi. E and 12 mi. S Robertson, Ashley Nat. For., 9,000 ft., 1; 11½ mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1; 4½ mi. S and 4 mi. E Robertson, 8,025 ft., 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Additional records +</i> +(Howell 1929:48): +<i> +Yellowstone Park</i>: Bunsen Peak; Swan Lake Valley; Canyon; Lake Station; Firehole River; Summit Lake; Snow Pass. +<i> +Park Co.</i>: Beartooth Lake; Whirlwind Peak, near Pahaska Tepee; Valley; Needle Mountain. +<i> +Teton Co.</i>: Elk, Jackson Hole; Teton Pass. +<i> +Lincoln Co.</i>: Thayne; head of La Barge Creek; Smith Fork, 7,000 to 8,000 ft. +<i> +Sublette Co.</i>: 12 mi. N Kendall; Merna; Fremont Lake; Surveyor Park, 12 mi. NE Pinedale; Bronx; Little Sandy Creek; Stanley; Big Sandy. +<i> +Fremont Co.</i>: Lake Fork, Wind River Mountains; Fremont Peak; South Pass City. +<i> +Uinta Co.</i>: Bear River Divide, 14 mi. N Evanstone; Evanstone; Ft. Bridger; Spring Valley; Henry's Fork, 5 mi. W Lone Tree; Lone Tree; Sage Creek (exact locality unknown). +</p> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<a name="pallidus"> +<b> +Eutamias minimus pallidus +</b> +(J. A. Allen) +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Tamias quadrivittatus b. +</i> +var. +<i> +pallidus +</i> +J. A. Allen, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 16:289, 1874. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias minimus pallidus</i>, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, 1922. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Lectotype.</i>—Skull and skin, No. 11656/38311 (NM); from Camp Thorne, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; obtained on July 18, 1873, by J. A. Allen; original No. 200. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts pale grayish brown; baculum large. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Description.</i>—<i>Color pattern</i>: Crown Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Clay Color; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of pinna Pale Pinkish Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Clay Color along margins; other dorsal dark stripes Fuscous mixed with Clay Color; median pair of dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray; lateral pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Cinnamon-Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Pale Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Warm Buff; ventral surface of tail Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff, with Fuscous Black along margin and Warm Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Pinkish Buff, Warm Buff or Pale Yellow-Orange; underparts white with dark underfur. +<i> +Skull +</i> +and +<i> +Baculum</i>: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies of +<i> +E. minimus</i>. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—From +<i> +E. m. silvaticus</i>, the subspecies from the Black Hills, +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +differs in: Paler; underside of tail paler; sides paler. +</p> +<p> +From +<i> +E. m. confinis</i>, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains, +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts paler; sides paler; underside of tail paler. +</p> +<p> +From +<i> +E. m. operarius</i>, the subspecies from the mountains in south-central Wyoming, +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts paler; sides paler; underside of tail paler. +</p> +<p> +For comparisons with +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i>, see the accounts of those subspecies. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—Specimens from near Buffalo, Johnson Co., are intergrades between +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. confinis +</i> +and are referable to +<i> +E. m. confinis</i>. Specimens from near Sundance (not in Bear Lodge Mountains), Crook Co., are intergrades between +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. silvaticus +</i> +(Howell 1929:55). Specimens from the Laramie Range in Converse Co. are intergrades between +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. operarius</i>, and referable to +<i> +E. m. operarius</i>. Specimens from near Greybull, Big Horn Co., are intergrades between +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +and are referable to +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i>. These specimens show no intergradation with +<i> +E. m. confinis +</i> +which occurs but a short distance to the east in the Big Horn Mountains. Intergradation between +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +probably exists in northeastern Natrona Co. and southwestern Johnson Co. +</p> +<p> +Comparisons of specimens of +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. cacodemus</i>, indicates that, in my opinion, +<i> +E. m. cacodemus +</i> +is entitled to subspecific recognition, for, the relationship between +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +to +<i> +E. m. cacodemus +</i> +is the same as that between +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. confinis</i>. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 58. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Park Co.</i>: 2 mi. S and 2 mi. E Meteetse, 5,750 ft., 3. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Big Horn Co.</i>: 6 mi. NW Greybull, 3,800 ft., 6; Greybull, 4 (BS); 7 mi. S Basin, 3,900 ft., 5. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Sheridan Co.</i>: 5 mi. NE Clearmont, 3,900 ft., 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Campbell Co.</i>: 5 mi. N and 8 mi. W Spotted Horse, 9; 6 mi. W and 4 mi. S Rockypoint, 4,200 ft., 1; 4 mi. S and 3 mi. W Rockypoint, 5; Middle Butte, 6,010 ft., 38 mi. S and 19 mi. W Gillette, 3; South Butte, 6,000 ft., 17½ mi. W and 40½ mi. S Gillette, 2; Ivy Creek, 8 mi. W and 5 mi. N Spotted Horse, 6. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Crook Co.</i>: Moorcroft, Belle Fourche Valley, 8 (BS). +</p> +<p> +<i> +Washakie Co.</i>: 15 mi. W Tensleep, in badlands, 1 (BS); 8 mi. S and 8 mi. W Worland, 1; 10 mi. S Tensleep, near No Wood Creek, 2 (BS). +</p> +<p> +<i> +Goshen Co.</i>: Rawhide Buttes, 12 mi. S and 1 mi. W Lusk, 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Laramie Co.</i>: unspecified, 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Additional records +</i> +(Howell 1929:44): +<i> +Big Horn Co.</i>: Otto; Hyattville. +<i> +Sheridan Co.</i>: Powder River at mouth of Clear Creek; Sheridan; Arvada. +<i> +Weston Co.</i>: Thornton; Upton; Pine Ridge; Newcastle. +<i> +Hot Springs Co.</i>: head of Bridger Creek; Willow Creek, 10 mi. SW Thermopolis. +<i> +Washakie Co.</i>: 10 mi. S Manderson; Otter Creek, Bighorn Basin. +<i> +Johnson Co.</i>: Powder River Basin, near Pumpkin Buttes. +<i> +Natrona Co.</i>: Merino. +<i> +Converse Co.</i>: Douglas. +<i> +Platte Co.</i>: Guernsey; 15 mi. SW Wheatland. +<i> +Goshen Co.</i>: Rawhide Butte. +<i> +Localities for which counties are unknown</i>: Owl Creek Mountains; North Platte River. +</p> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<a name="confinis"> +<b> +Eutamias minimus confinis +</b> +Howell +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias minimus confinis +</i> +Howell, Jour. Mamm. 6:52, February 15, 1925. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Type.</i>—Female, adult, skull and skin No. 168957 (NM); from head of Trapper Creek, west slope of Bighorn Mountains, Big Horn County, Wyoming; obtained on July 7, 1910, by Merrit Cary; original No. 1956. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts grayish brown; baculum large, as in +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i>. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Description.</i>—<i>Color pattern</i>: Crown Clay Color mixed with Pale Smoke Gray; upper facial stripe Fuscous Black; other facial stripes Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Tawny; anterior margin of ear Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; posterior margin of ear Smoke Gray; postauricular patch buffy white or Smoke Gray; dorsal dark stripes black or Fuscous Black more or less mixed with Tawny or Tawny-Olive; dorsal light stripes creamy white, sometimes washed with Pale Smoke Gray; sides Raw Sienna or Cinnamon-Buff; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Tawny-Olive; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Clay Color, black along margin and Light Buff or Light Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Pinkish Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes with grayish underfur. +<i> +Skull +</i> +and +<i> +Baculum</i>: Large but proportionally the same as in other subspecies of +<i> +E. minimus</i>. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—From +<i> +E. m. silvaticus</i>, the subspecies from the Black Hills, +<i> +E. m. confinis +</i> +differs in: General tone of upper parts darker, more reddish and less grayish; ventral surface of tail more tawny; skull and baculum of same size and proportions. +</p> +<p> +From +<i> +E. m. operarius</i>, the subspecies from the Laramie Range and other mountains of south-central Wyoming, +<i> +E. m. confinis +</i> +differs in: Rump and thighs darker; sides darker; general tone of upper parts more grayish. +</p> +<p> +For comparisons with +<i> +E. m. minimus</i>, +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i>, and +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i>, see the accounts of those subspecies. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—This subspecies is endemic to the Bighorn Mountains. Intergradation between +<i> +E. m. confinis +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. minimus +</i> +and between +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. confinis +</i> +have already been discussed in the accounts of those subspecies. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 85. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Big Horn Co.</i>: 12 mi. E and 2 mi. S Shell, 7,900 ft., 2; 13 mi. E and 2 mi. N Shell, 8,500 ft., 2; 13 mi. E Shell, 8,300 ft., 1; 17 mi. E and 3 mi. S Shell, 9,000 ft., 8; 17½ mi. E and 4½ mi. S Shell, 8,500 ft, 11; 19 mi. E and 4½ mi. S Shell, 9,600 ft., 1; 9 mi. E and 9 mi. N Tensleep, 8,200 ft., 4. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Sheridan Co.</i>: Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9,000 ft., 28 mi. E Lovell, 11; 38 mi. E Lovell, Big Horn Nat. For., 9,600 ft., 10; 5½ mi. W and 1½ mi. S Junction U.S. Highway 14 and Wyoming [State Highway] 14, 8,480 ft., 2. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Washakie Co.</i>: 9 mi. E and 4 mi. N Tensleep, 7,000 ft., 26; 3 mi. SE Tensleep, 4,300 ft., 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Johnson Co.</i>: 5½ mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 4; 7½ mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 2. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Additional records +</i> +(Howell 1929:46): +<i> +Sheridan Co.</i>: 20 mi. from Sheridan. +<i> +Washakie Co.</i>: Head of Canyon Creek. +<i> +Johnson Co.</i>: Head of North Fork of Powder River. +</p> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<a name="silvaticus"> +<b> +Eutamias minimus silvaticus +</b> +White +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias minimus silvaticus +</i> +White, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 5 (19):259-262, April 10, 1952. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Type.</i>—Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 20050 (KU); from 3 mi. NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., Crook County, Wyoming; obtained on July 4, 1947, by H. W. Setzer; original No. 1692. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts brownish gray; sides Ochraceous-Buff; baculum as in +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i>. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Description.</i>—<i>Color pattern</i>: Crown Sayal Brown washed with Cinnamon-Buff; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Ochraceous-Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; dorsal dark stripes Fuscous Black more or less mixed with Ochraceous-Buff; medial dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray with Ochraceous-Buff along margins; lateral dorsal light stripes grayish white or white with Ochraceous-Buff along margins; sides Ochraceous-Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray washed with Ochraceous-Buff; dorsal surface of tail black interspersed with Ochraceous-Buff; ventral surface of tail Ochraceous-Orange, with black along margin and Light Ochraceous-Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Light Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes washed with Ochraceous-Buff. +<i> +Skull +</i> +and +<i> +Baculum</i>: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies of +<i> +E. minimus</i>. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—From +<i> +E. m. operarius</i>, the subspecies from south-central Wyoming, +<i> +E. m. silvaticus +</i> +differs in: Underside of tail lighter; general tone of upper parts grayer; sides lighter; skull and baculum of same size and proportions. +</p> +<p> +For comparisons with +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. confinis</i>, see the accounts of those subspecies. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—Intergradation between +<i> +E. m. silvaticus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. pallidus +</i> +has already been discussed under the account of +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i>. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 42. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Crook Co.</i>: 15 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 5,500 ft., 6; 15 mi. ENE Sundance, 3,825 ft., 1; 3 mi. NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., 14; 1 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Weston Co.</i>: 1½ mi. E Buckhorn, 6,150 ft., 19; SE Newcastle, 1 (MM). +</p> +<p> +<i> +Additional records +</i> +(Howell 1929:57): +<i> +Crook Co.</i>: Devils Tower; Sundance. +</p> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<a name="operarius"> +<b> +Eutamias minimus operarius +</b> +Merriam +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias amoenus operarius +</i> +Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:164, June 29, 1905. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias minimus operarius</i>, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, 1922. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Type.</i>—Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 129808 (BS); from Gold Hill, 7,400 ft., Boulder County, Colorado; obtained on October 8, 1903, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 8160. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size large; general tone of upper parts dark reddish brown; sides Tawny or Ochraceous-Tawny; baculum large, as in +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i>. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Description.</i>—<i>Color pattern</i>: Crown Cinnamon-Buff mixed with Pale Smoke Gray; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown; anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of pinna Cinnamon-Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch Pale Smoke Gray; dorsal dark stripes black with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; median dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray with Ochraceous-Tawny along margins; lateral dorsal light stripes white; sides Tawny or Ochraceous-Tawny; rump and thighs Light Grayish Olive; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Ochraceous-Tawny with Fuscous Black along margin and Clay Color along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Ochraceous-Buff; underparts grayish white, often washed with Buff. +<i> +Skull +</i> +and +<i> +Baculum</i>: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies of +<i> +E. minimus</i>. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—For comparisons with +<i> +E. m. minimus</i>, +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i>, +<i> +E. m. confinis</i>, and +<i> +E. m. silvaticus</i>, see the accounts of those subspecies. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—Specimens from the mountains near Savery in Carbon County and from near Medicine Bow Peak in Carbon and Albany counties are clearly referable to this race on the basis of color pattern. However, in the skull and baculum these specimens resemble +<i> +E. m. minimus</i>. +</p> +<p> +Specimens from the Laramie Range, 27 mi. N Laramie, show a color pattern which tends toward that of +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i>. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 118. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Natrona Co.</i>: 2 mi. W and 7 mi. S Casper, 6,370 ft., 2; 10 mi. S Casper, 7,750 ft., 3; 6 mi. S and 2 mi. W Casper, 5,900 ft., 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Converse Co.</i>: 21½ mi. S and 24½ mi. W Douglas, 7,600 ft., 10. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Carbon Co.</i>: Lake Marie, 10,440 ft., 1; 2 mi. S and 1/2 mi. W Medicine Bow Peak, 10,400 ft., 1; 2 mi. S and 2 mi. W Medicine Bow Peak, 10,700 ft., 1; 10 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8,000 ft., 2; 8 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8,400 ft., 2; 8 mi. N and 16 mi. E Encampment, 8,400 ft., 3; 21½ mi. E and 8 mi. N Encampment, 9,400 ft., 2; 10 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 8,800 ft., 1; 8 mi. N and 19½ mi. E Savery, 8,800 ft., 16; 17 mi. E and 7 mi. N Savery, 8,300 ft., 1; 7 mi. N and 19 mi. E Savery, 10,128 ft., 1; 14 mi. E and 6 mi. N Savery, 8,400 ft., 1; 5 mi. N and 5 mi. E Savery, 6,900 ft., 2. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Albany Co.</i>: 27 mi. N and 7½ mi. E Laramie, 6,960 ft., 12; 13 mi. E and 9 mi. N Laramie, 7,700 ft., 2; 8¾ mi. E and 6½ mi. S Laramie, 8,200 ft., 1; 5½ mi. ESE Laramie, 8,500 ft., 1; 8 mi. E and 4 mi. S Laramie, 8,600 ft, 1; 2 mi. SE Pole Mountain, 8,200 ft., 19; 3 mi. S Pole Mountain, 8,100 ft., 2; 1 mi. SSE Pole Mountain, 8,350 ft., 3; 3 mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,000 ft., 15; 2½ mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,300 ft., 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Laramie Co.</i>: 5 mi. W Horse Creek P.O., 7,200 ft., 2; 3½ mi. W Horse Creek P.O., 7,000 ft., 3; 2 mi. W Horse Creek P.O., 6,600 ft., 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Additional records +</i> +(Howell 1929:51): +<i> +Natrona Co.</i>: Casper Mountains, 7 mi. S Casper. +<i> +Carbon Co.</i>: Bridger Peak; Riverside. +<i> +Albany Co.</i>: Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak; Eagle Peak; Bear Creek, 3 mi. SW Eagle Peak; Laramie Mountains, 10 mi. E Laramie; Woods [= Woods Landing]; Sherman. +<i> +Laramie Co.</i>: Bluffs near Pole Creek; 6 mi. W Islay. +</p> +</div> +<p class="section"> +<span class="sc"> +Table 1 +</span> +</p> +<p class="ctr"> +Average and Extreme Measurements in Millimeters of Adult Chipmunks that Occur in Wyoming +</p> +<table class="smaller" summary="Table 1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1"> +<tr> +<td width="20%"> + +</td> +<td class="smallcenter"> +Greatest +<br> +length +<br> +of +<br> +skull +</td> +<td class="smallcenter"> +Zygomatic +<br> +breadth +</td> +<td class="smallcenter"> +Cranial +<br> +breadth +<br> +</td> +<td class="smallcenter"> +Length +<br> +of +<br> +nasals +</td> +<td class="smallcenter"> +Total +<br> +length +</td> +<td class="smallcenter"> +Length +<br> +of +<br> +tail +</td> +<td class="smallcenter"> +Length +<br> +of +<br> +lower +<br> +tooth-row +</td> +<td class="smallcenter"> +Condylo-alveolar +<br> +length +<br> +of +<br> +mandible +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="9"> +<i> +E. m. minimus</i>, S of Bitter Creek, Sweetwater Co. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(5)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +29.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +188 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +84.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.65 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.51 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♂</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +29.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +8.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +177 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +81.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.52 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.11 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +30.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +197 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +89.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.80 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.21 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="narrow" colspan="9"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(6)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +30.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +8.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +193 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +85.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.69 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.08 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +29.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +7.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +184 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +80.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.53 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.71 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +30.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +200 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +93.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.91 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.58 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="9"> +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i>, near Jackson, Teton Co. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(4)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +30.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +8.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +190 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +83.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.48 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.65 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +29.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +8.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +190 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +80.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.43 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.28 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +30.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +8.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +192 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +86.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.59 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.99 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="narrow" colspan="9"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(6)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +30.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +200 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +88.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.60 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.05 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +30.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +8.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +195 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +85.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.43 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.60 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +31.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +205 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +92.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.84 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.70 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="9"> +<i> +E. m. pallidus</i>, Moorcroft and Rockypoint, Weston Co. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(9)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +31.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +193 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +85.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.84 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.74 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♂</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +31.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +8.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +185 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +80.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.34 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.23 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +32.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +204 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +91.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.02 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.21 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="narrow" colspan="9"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(7)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +32.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +205 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +91.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.97 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.02 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +31.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +203 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +86.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.70 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.30 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +32.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +214 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +99.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.18 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.39 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="9"> +<i> +E. m. confinis</i>, Bighorn Mts., near Tensleep, Washakie Co. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(9)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +31.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +205 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +89.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.78 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.71 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♂</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +30.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +8.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +194 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +79.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.51 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.18 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +33.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +228 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +113.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.09 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.70 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="narrow" colspan="9"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(8)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +32.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +208 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +88.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.83 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.09 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +31.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +189 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +76.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.69 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.49 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +33.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +226 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +103.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.93 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.73 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="9"> +<i> +E. m. silvaticus</i>, 16 mi. N Custer, Pennington Co., S.D. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(19)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +32.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +200 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +86.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.85 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.78 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♂</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +31.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +189 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +76.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.63 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.19 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +33.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +210 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +94.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.13 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.74 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="narrow" colspan="9"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(15)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +32.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +208 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +90.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.96 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.90 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +31.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +189 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +70.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.61 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.26 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +33.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +220 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +105.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.29 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.28 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="9"> +<i> +E. m. operarius</i>, near Pole Mt., Albany Co. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(9)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +31.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +193 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +85.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.78 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.52 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♂</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +30.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +8.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +183 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +77.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.58 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.63 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +32.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +203 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +91.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.12 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.37 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="narrow" colspan="9"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(8)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +32.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +203 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +85.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.86 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.50 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +31.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +194 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +79.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.64 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.44 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +33.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +212 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +92.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.11 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.21 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="9"> +<i> +E. a. luteiventris</i>, near Moran, Teton Co. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(20)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +33.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +212 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +94.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.14 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.27 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♂</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +32.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +14.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +9.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +198 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +87.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.86 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.42 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +35.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +12.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +221 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +108.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.37 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.39 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="narrow" colspan="9"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(10)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +33.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +217 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +91.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.13 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.47 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +33.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +203 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +81.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.06 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.89 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +34.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +225 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +100.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.32 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.33 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="9"> +<i> +E. d. utahensis</i>, W side Green River, 1 mi. N Utah border. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(4)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +34.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +197 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +84.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.08 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.91 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♂</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +34.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +0.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +191 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +81.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.00 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.77 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +34.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +203 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +88.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.15 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.06 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="narrow" colspan="9"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(2)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +36.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +211 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +88.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.25 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.87 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +35.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +210 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +86.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.22 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.73 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +36.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +212 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +90.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.28 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.02 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="9"> +<i> +E. u. umbrinus</i>, Mts. S Robertson, Uinta Co. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(11)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +34.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +218 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +96.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.13 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.04 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♂</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +34.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +215 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +81.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +4.79 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.57 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +35.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +228 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +112.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.42 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.59 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="narrow" colspan="9"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(4)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +35.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +224 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +96.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.17 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.46 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +34.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +204 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +90.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.11 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.31 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +35.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +20.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +234 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +100.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.22 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.98 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="9"> +<i> +E. u. fremonti</i>, Togwotee Pass, Fremont Co. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(8)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +35.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +223 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +99.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.34 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.17 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♂</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +35.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +216 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +95.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.22 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.72 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +36.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +243 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +111.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.57 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.78 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="narrow" colspan="9"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(6)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +35.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +229 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +101.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.40 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.02 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +34.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +223 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +92.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.35 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.37 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +36.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +20.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +12.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +239 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +110.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.44 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.51 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="9"> +<i> +E. u. montanus</i>, near Longs Peak, Boulder Co., Colorado. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(5)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +35.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +226 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +96.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.20 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.29 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♂</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +34.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +215 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +93.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.03 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +17.80 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +36.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.4 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.2 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +232 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +115.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.53 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.36 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="narrow" colspan="9"> + +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Mean<span class="right">(6)</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +35.7 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.6 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.9 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +226 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +98.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.28 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.67 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Min.<span class="right">♀</span> +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +35.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.8 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +15.1 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +10.3 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +215 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +89.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.06 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +18.09 +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallleft"> +Max. +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +36.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +16.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +11.5 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +231 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +105.0 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +5.58 +</td> +<td class="smallright"> +19.35 +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p class="head"> +<a name="amoenus"> +<b> +Eutamias amoenus +</b> +(J. A. Allen) +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size medium; over-all tone of upper parts often grayish olive; baculum small or medium, slender; tip of baculum 30 to 38 per cent of length of shaft; skull medium, narrow across zygomata. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—From +<i> +E. dorsalis utahensis</i>, the only subspecies of this species in Wyoming, +<i> +E. amoenus luteiventris +</i> +differs in: Dorsal light and dark stripes distinct; over-all tone of upper parts less grayish (more tawny); tip of baculum less than 38 per cent of length of shaft in adult specimens. +</p> +<p> +From +<i> +E. umbrinus fremonti</i>, the only subspecies of this species which occurs in the same area with +<i> +E. amoenus +</i> +in Wyoming, +<i> +E. a. luteiventris +</i> +differs in: Smaller size; tawny underparts; base of baculum not noticeably widened. +</p> +<p> +For comparisons with +<i> +E. minimus +</i> +see the account of that species. +</p> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<a name="luteiventris"> +<b> +Eutamias amoenus luteiventris +</b> +(J. A. Allen) +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Tamias quadrivittatus luteiventris +</i> +J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:101, June, 1890. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias amoenus luteiventris</i>, Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:183, August 4, 1922. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Type.</i>—Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 11991/37996 (NM); from "Chief Mountain Lake" [Waterton Lake], 3½ mi. N United States-Canadian Boundary, Alberta; obtained on August 24, 1874, by Elliot Coues; original No. 4596. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—General tone of upper parts ochraceous; underparts strongly buffy; tip of baculum in adult specimens, more than 30 per cent and less than 38 per cent of length of shaft. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Description.</i>—<i>Color pattern</i>: Crown Cinnamon mixed with Smoke Gray; upper two facial stripes black; submalar stripe Fuscous or Fuscous Black mixed with Ochraceous-Tawny; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch Light Buff or buffy white; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Ochraceous-Tawny; median dorsal dark stripe black; lateral pair of dorsal dark stripes black and mixed with Tawny, frequently brownish; median pair of dorsal light stripes white tinged with Pale Smoke Gray; lateral pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Tawny or Ochraceous-Tawny; rump and thighs Dark Smoke Gray strongly mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Light Ochraceous-Tawny, with Fuscous Black around margin and Clay Color around outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon or Cinnamon-Buff; underparts Cinnamon-Buff or Light Ochraceous-Buff. +<i> +Skull</i>: Size medium; moderately narrowed across zygomata. +<i> +Baculum</i>: Slender; not noticeably broadened at base; tip more than 30 per cent of length of shaft. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—Although there are no records of this subspecies from the Wind River Mountains, it probably occurs there. +</p> +<p> +The niche that this subspecies occupies is similar to that of +<i> +E. m. consobrinus +</i> +as shown by the fact that these two subspecies have been taken together at the same places. +</p> +<p> +Specimens of +<i> +E. a. luteiventris +</i> +and +<i> +E. umbrinus fremonti +</i> +have been taken together at the same places. +</p> +<p> +In general, +<i> +E. m. consobrinus +</i> +occurs in open country and at the edges of forests, whereas +<i> +E. u. fremonti +</i> +occurs in the forest. +<i> +E. a. luteiventris +</i> +occurs in the intermediate habitat, that is to say, not far into the forest, and not so far out into the open as +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i>. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 83. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Yellowstone Park</i>: Unspecified, 2. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Park Co.</i>: 31½ mi. N and 36 mi. W Cody, 6,900 ft., 6; 29 mi. N and 31 mi. W Cody, 7,200 ft., 1; 28 mi. N and 30 mi. W Cody, 7,200 ft., 1; 16¼ mi. N and 17 mi. W Cody, 5,625 ft., 3; 25 mi. S and 28 mi. W Cody, 6,350 ft., 2. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Teton Co.</i>: Two Ocean Lake, 2 (1 FC); Whetstone Creek, 8 (MM); Emma Matilda Lake, 1 (FC); Pacific Creek Road, 2½ mi. E Moran, 1 (FC); Two Ocean Lake Road, 2 (FC); 2 mi. E Moran, 1 (FC); 2½ mi. E and 1/4 mi. N Moran, 6,230 ft., 8; Pacific Creek, 1 (MM); junction of Two Ocean Lake Road and U.S. Highway 187, 2 (FC); Signal Mountain Road, 1 (FC); Leigh Lake, 9 (MM); Indian Paint Brush Canyon, Teton Park, 1 (MM); Teton National Park, 3; 3 mi. E and 1/4 mi. S Moran, 6,200 ft., 1; 3¾ mi. E and 1 mi. S Moran, 6,200 ft., 8; 2½ mi. N and 3½ mi. E Moran, 7,225 ft., 1; Timbered Island, 6,750 ft., 4 mi. N Moose, 5; Bar BC Ranch, 6,500 ft., 2½ mi. NE Moose, 9; Grand Teton, 9,000 ft., Teton Park, 1 (MM); Upper Arizona Creek, Jackson, 1 (MM). +</p> +<p> +<i> +Lincoln Co.</i>: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5,650 ft., 2. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Additional records +</i> +(Howell 1929:69): +<i> +Yellowstone Park</i>: Mammoth Hot Springs; Roaring Mountain; Bunsen Peak; Yancey; Apollinaris Spring; Canyon; Yellowstone Lake; Upper Geyser Basin; Old Faithful. +<i> +Park Co.</i>: Near head of Clarks Fork; Pahaska, N Fork Shoshone River at Grinnell Creek; Valley. +<i> +Teton Co.</i>: Moran; Teton Mountains; Teton Pass. +<i> +Lincoln Co.</i>: Afton, Salt River Mountains; head of La Barge Creek, 9,100 ft.; Salt River Mountains, 10 mi. SE Afton. +<i> +Sublette Co.</i>: Merna; Stanley. +</p> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<a name="dorsalis"> +<b> +Eutamias dorsalis +</b> +(Baird) +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size medium to large; general tone of upper parts Smoke Gray; dorsal stripes indistinct or obsolete; often brightly colored at base of tail; keel of baculum proportionally high, approximately +<span class="above"> +1</span>⁄<span class="below">3 +</span> +of length of tip; skull longer than 34.5 mm. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—From +<i> +E. umbrinus</i>, +<i> +E. dorsalis +</i> +differs in: Dorsal stripes faint; skull smaller; base of baculum not noticeably expanded; general tone of upper parts grayer. +</p> +<p> +For comparisons with +<i> +E. minimus +</i> +and +<i> +E. amoenus +</i> +see the accounts of those species. +</p> +</div> +<div class="figcenter"> +<a name="fig2"> +<img src="images/002.jpg" alt="Fig. 2." width="600" height="508"> +</a> +</div> +<div class="caption"> +<p> +<span class="sc"> +Fig. 2. +</span> +Known occurrences and probable geographic distribution of +<i> +Eutamias amoenus +</i> +and +<i> +Eutamias dorsalis +</i> +in Wyoming. See figure 1 for explanation of symbols. +</p> +<table summary="Figure 2"> +<tr> +<td> +1. +<i> +E. amoenus luteiventris</i> +</td> +<td> + 2. +<i> +E. dorsalis utahensis</i> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<a name="utahensis"> +<b> +Eutamias dorsalis utahensis +</b> +Merriam +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias dorsalis utahensis +</i> +Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:210, July 1, 1897. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Type.</i>—Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186457 (NM); from Ogden, Weber County, Utah; obtained on October 9, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 289. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size medium; dorsal stripes faint; baculum not noticeably widened at base. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Description.</i>—<i>Color pattern</i>: Crown Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Cinnamon; upper facial stripe Fuscous; other facial stripes Sayal Brown mixed with Fuscous or Fuscous Black; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe Fuscous or black; other dorsal dark stripes black and mixed with gray, sometimes barely discernible; dorsal pair light stripes Smoke Gray; lateral pair of light stripes creamy white; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Cinnamon; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with Tilleul Buff; underside of tail Cinnamon-Buff or Pinkish Buff, Fuscous Black around margin and Tilleul Buff around outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon-Buff; underparts creamy white; sides Pinkish Cinnamon or Light Pinkish Cinnamon. +<i> +Skull</i>: Size medium; braincase well inflated; zygomata strong, moderately appressed to cranium. +<i> +Baculum</i>: Small; keel approximately +<span class="above"> +1</span>⁄<span class="below">3 +</span> +of length of tip. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—Only a few specimens of this subspecies have ever been taken in Wyoming. Little is known about the habits of this chipmunk, which normally is shy and wary. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 6. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Sweetwater Co.</i>: W side Green River, 1 mi. N Utah border, 6. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Additional records +</i> +(Howell 1929:134): +<i> +Sweetwater Co.</i>: Green River, 4 mi. NE Linwood, Utah. +</p> +</div> +<div class="figcenter"> +<a name="fig3"> +<img src="images/003.jpg" alt="Fig. 3." width="600" height="512"> +</a> +</div> +<div class="caption"> +<p> +<span class="sc"> +Fig. 3. +</span> +Known occurrences and probable geographic distribution of the subspecies of +<i> +Eutamias umbrinus +</i> +in Wyoming. See figure 1 for explanation of symbols. +</p> +<table summary="Figure 3"> +<tr> +<td> +1. +<i> +E. u. umbrinus</i> +</td> +<td> + 2. +<i> +E. u. fremonti</i> +</td> +<td> + 3. +<i> +E. u. montanus</i> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<a name="umbrinus"> +<b> +Eutamias umbrinus +</b> +(J. A. Allen) +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size large; general tone of upper parts dark; base of baculum widened; outermost dorsal dark stripe barely discernible or lacking; skull rarely shorter than 34.0 mm. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—For comparisons with the other species of +<i> +Eutamias +</i> +in Wyoming, see the accounts of +<i> +E. minimus</i>, +<i> +E. amoenus</i>, and +<i> +E. dorsalis</i>. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—<i>E. umbrinus +</i> +is the largest of the species of +<i> +Eutamias +</i> +occurring in Wyoming. This species usually occurs in the Canadian and Hudsonian life-zones in the mountains of northwestern, southwestern, and south-central Wyoming. +</p> +<p class="head"> +<a name="uumbrinus"> +<b> +Eutamias umbrinus umbrinus +</b> +(J. A. Allen) +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Tamias umbrinus +</i> +J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 3:96, June, 1890. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias umbrinus</i>, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 30:45, December 27, 1901. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Type.</i>—Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186463 (NM); from Blacks Fork, about 9,500 ft., Uinta Mountains, Summit County, Utah; obtained on September 19, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 228. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size medium; over-all tone of upper parts dark and shadowy; skull smallest of this species in Wyoming. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Description.</i>—<i>Color pattern</i>: Crown Pale Smoke Gray; facial stripes Fuscous Black or Snuff-Brown; ears Fuscous Black; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of dorsal dark stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown, or entirely Sayal Brown; outermost pair of dorsal dark stripes Sayal Brown mixed with Fuscous Black or lacking; sides Sayal Brown mixed with Cinnamon; rump and thighs Sayal Brown mixed with Smoke Gray; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon-Buff; underside of tail Ochraceous-Tawny or Sayal Brown, with Fuscous Black around margin and Pinkish Buff around outermost edge; underparts creamy white with dark gray underfur. +<i> +Skull</i>: Smooth and rounded; braincase inflated; zygomata strong. +<i> +Baculum</i>: Broadened at base; shaft tapers rapidly to tip. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—From +<i> +E. u. fremonti</i>, the subspecies from the north in the mountains of northwestern Wyoming, +<i> +E. u. umbrinus +</i> +differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; sides lighter; skull smaller. From +<i> +E. u. montanus</i>, the subspecies from the Medicine Bow Range of south-central Wyoming, +<i> +E. u. umbrinus +</i> +differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; sides darker; skull smaller. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—This subspecies occurs only in the foothills of the Uinta Mountains in the southern part of Uinta County. These "foothills" are well-timbered and at an altitude of 7,000 feet and higher. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 23. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Uinta Co.</i>: 9 mi. S Robertson, 8,000 ft, 15; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,700 ft., 5; 11½ mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1; 2 mi. E and 12 mi. S Robertson, Ashley Nat. Forest, 1; 13 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Additional records +</i> +(Howell 1929:95): +<i> +Uinta Co.</i>: Henry Fork, 5 mi. W Lone Tree; Lone Tree. +</p> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<a name="fremonti"> +<b> +Eutamias umbrinus fremonti +</b> +White +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias umbrinus fremonti +</i> +White, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist. 5:575, December 1, 1953. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Type.</i>—Male, adult, skull, skin, and baculum, No. 41790 (KU); from 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., Sublette County, Wyoming; obtained on July 8, 1951, by Rollin H. Baker; original No. 1596. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts dark; lower tooth-row longest of this species in Wyoming. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Description.</i>—<i>Color pattern</i>: Crown Cinnamon-Buff mixed with gray; upper facial stripe Sepia; ocular stripe Chaetura-Drab; submalar stripe Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown; ears black; anterior margin of ear Mars Yellow; posterior margin of ear grayish white; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Dresden Brown; postauricular patch Pale Smoke Gray; median dorsal dark stripe black; lateral dorsal dark stripes black mixed with Sayal Brown; outermost dorsal dark stripes Buckhorn Brown mixed with black or sometimes absent; median pair of dorsal light stripes grayish mixed with Buckhorn Brown; outer pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Buckhorn Brown; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Saccardo's Umber; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with Buckhorn Brown; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown, with Fuscous Black around margin and white or Light Buff around outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Warm Buff; underparts creamy white with dark underfur. +<i> +Skull</i>: Large; zygomata strong and arched; braincase well inflated. +<i> +Baculum</i>: Broad at base; shaft tapers sharply to tip. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—From +<i> +E. u. montanus</i>, the subspecies from the Medicine Bow Range of south-central Wyoming, +<i> +E. u. fremonti +</i> +differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; underside of tail darker; feet darker; sides darker. +</p> +<p> +For comparisons with +<i> +E. u. umbrinus +</i> +see the account of that subspecies. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—This subspecies normally occurs in the forest as do the other subspecies of +<i> +E. umbrinus +</i> +in Wyoming. A single specimen taken at 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W Shoshoni, Fremont County, is the exception which probably indicates that +<i> +E. umbrinus +</i> +does occur outside of its normal habitat and that gene-flow exists between the subspecies of this species. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 53. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Yellowstone Park</i>: Unspecified, 2. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Park Co.</i>: Beartooth Lake, 1 (BS); 16¼ mi. N and 17 mi. W Cody, 5,625 ft., 2. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Teton Co.</i>: 1 mi. E and 1/4 mi. N Togwotee Pass, 9,800 ft., 2; Amphitheater Lake, Teton Park, 1 (MM); Flat Creek, 4 (MM); head of Cache Creek, 4 (MM); Jackson, Upper Arizona Creek, 2 (MM); Flat Creek-Granite Creek divide, 6 (MM); Flat Creek Pass, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Gravel Creek divide, 2 (MM). +</p> +<p> +<i> +Lincoln Co.</i>: La Barge Creek, near source, 9,000 ft., 1 (BS). +</p> +<p> +<i> +Fremont Co.</i>: Togwotee Pass, 12 (FC); 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W Shoshoni, 4,650 ft, 1; Mosquito Park R.S., 9,500 ft., 17½ mi. W and 2½ mi. N Lander, 1; 17 mi. S and 6½ mi. W Lander, 8,450 ft., 3. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Sublette Co.</i>: 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., 1; W side Barbara Lake, 10,300 ft., 8 mi. S and 3 mi. W Fremont Peak, 4; 19 mi. W and 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7,700 ft., 5. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Additional records +</i> +(Howell 1929:95): +<i> +Park Co.</i>: Near head of Clark Fork; Whirlwind Peak near Pahaska, N Fork Shoshone River; Valley, Shoshone Mountains; Needle Mountain. +<i> +Teton Co.</i>: Teton Mountains, S Moose Creek. +<i> +Lincoln Co.</i>: Salt River Mountains. +<i> +Sublette Co.</i>: Gros Ventre Range, 12 mi. NW Kendall; Merna; 8 mi. W Stanley; Big Sandy. +<i> +Fremont Co.</i>: Jackey's Creek, 4 mi. SW Dubois; Bull Lake, Wind River Mountains; Lake Fork, Wind River Mountains; Fremont Peak. +</p> +</div> +<p class="head"> +<a name="montanus"> +<b> +Eutamias umbrinus montanus +</b> +White +</a> +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias umbrinus montanus +</i> +White, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 5:576, December 1, 1953. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Type.</i>—Male, adult, skull, skin, and baculum; 20105 (KU); from 1/2 mi. E and 3 mi. S Ward, 9,400 ft., Boulder County, Colorado; obtained on August 1, 1947, by E. L. Cockrum; original No. 721. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Diagnosis.</i>—Size large; over-all tone of upper parts light; sides light. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Description.</i>—<i>Color pattern</i>: Crown Raw Sienna mixed with gray; upper facial stripe and ocular stripe black mixed with Sepia; submalar stripe Snuff-Brown mixed with black; ear black or Sepia; anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Cinnamon-Buff; median dorsal dark stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of dorsal dark stripes black mixed with Sayal Brown; outermost pair of dorsal dark stripes Sayal Brown mixed with black or sometimes lacking; median pair of dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Clay Color; outer pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Clay Color; rump and thighs Neutral Gray; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with Cinnamon-Buff; ventral surface of tail Ochraceous-Tawny, with black along margin and Cinnamon-Buff or Ochraceous-Tawny along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon-Buff; underparts creamy white with dark underfur. +<i> +Skull</i>: Large; zygomata strong and arched; braincase well inflated. +<i> +Baculum</i>: Broad at base; shaft tapers sharply to tip. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Comparisons.</i>—For comparisons with +<i> +E. u. umbrinus +</i> +and +<i> +E. u. fremonti</i>, see the accounts of those subspecies. +</p> +</div> +<p> +<i> +Remarks.</i>—Although in Wyoming this subspecies is known only from the Medicine Bow Range, one would expect to find it occurring in the Snowy Range and the Laramie Range as well, since there seems to be suitable habitat for this subspecies in those mountain ranges. +</p> +<div class="blockquote"> +<p> +<i> +Specimens examined.</i>—Total number, 3. +</p> +<p> +<i> +Albany Co.</i>: 8 mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,000 ft., 2; 3½ mi. S Wood's Landing, 1. +</p> +</div> +<p class="section"> +<a name="review"> +<span class="sc"> +Review and Conclusions</span> +</a> +</p> +<p> +<i> +Eutamias minimus +</i> +in Wyoming is divisible into two size-groups of subspecies; the smaller size-group (<i>E. m. minimus +</i> +and +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i>), which occurs in the western part of the State, is significantly smaller, in measurements of the skull and baculum, than the larger size-group (<i>E. m. pallidas</i>, +<i> +E. m. confinis</i>, +<i> +E. m. silvaticus</i>, and +<i> +E. m. operarius</i>) which occurs in the eastern part of the State. +</p> +<p> +Although all the six subspecies of +<i> +E. minimus +</i> +in Wyoming can be differentiated from one another by color pattern, this species cannot be divided, by means of color pattern, into two groups, comparable in geographic range, to the two size-groups that were established above on the basis of variations in the skull and baculum. +</p> +<p> +Thus, the subspecies of +<i> +E. minimus +</i> +are morphologically differentiated at two distinct levels; one level is based on differences in the skull and baculum, while the other is based on differences in color. +</p> +<p> +Although there is considerable controversy concerning the glacial chronology in the mountains of western North America (Flint 1947:302-303), it is generally agreed that in Wyoming, in Wisconsinan time (the latest glacial age), glaciers covered a large part of the Yellowstone-Teton-Wind River highlands, the Big Horn Mountains, the southern part of the Laramie Range, the Medicine Bow Range, Sierra Madre Range, and the northern foothills of the Uinta Mountains. With this in mind, a possible explanation of the geographic variation in +<i> +E. minimus +</i> +of Wyoming, is here attempted. +</p> +<p> +In Sangamonian time, +<i> +E. minimus</i>-like chipmunks occurred over most of the region which is now Wyoming, and were divided into two size-groups, much as +<i> +E. minimus +</i> +is today. +</p> +<p> +When permanent snow fields were formed in Wisconsinan time, these chipmunks were restricted in their ranges, not, of course, occurring on the glaciers. +</p> +<p> +When the glaciers melted at the end of Wisconsinan time, new habitats were thus "uncovered." The chipmunks which moved into these ice-free areas, then, became adapted to the new habitats. This then accounts for the subspeciation of +<i> +E. m. consobrinus</i>, +<i> +E. m. confinis</i>, and +<i> +E. m. operarius</i>. +</p> +<p> +The Black Hills were not covered by glaciers. In late Pleistocene time these hills were probably of low relief. Subsequent differential erosion produced relief sufficient to provide a different habitat. The chipmunks that continued to occupy this area adapted themselves in color to the new habitat and became +<i> +E. m. silvaticus</i>. +</p> +<p class="section"> +<a name="lit"> +<span class="sc"> +Literature Cited</span> +</a> +</p> +<p class="name"> +<span class="sc"> +Cary, M. +</span> +</p> +<table class="lit" summary="Literature Cited"> +<tr> +<td class="year"> +1917. +</td> +<td> +Life zone investigations in Wyoming. N. Amer. Fauna, 42:1-96, 15 pls., 17 figs. +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p class="name"> +<span class="sc"> +Flint, R. F. +</span> +</p> +<table class="lit" summary="Literature Cited"> +<tr> +<td class="year"> +1947. +</td> +<td> +Glacial geology and the Pleistocene Epoch. John Wiley and Sons, New York, pp. xviii + 589, 88 figs., 27 tables, 6 pls. +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p class="name"> +<span class="sc"> +Hall, E. R. +</span> +</p> +<table class="lit" summary="Literature Cited"> +<tr> +<td class="year"> +1926. +</td> +<td> +Changes during growth in the skull of the rodent Otospermophilus grammurus beecheyi. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 21:355-404, 43 figs., March 9. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="year"> +1946. +</td> +<td> +Mammals of Nevada. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, California, pp. xi + 710, 11 pls., 485 figs., July 1. +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p class="name"> +<span class="sc"> +Howell, A. H. +</span> +</p> +<table class="lit" summary="Literature Cited"> +<tr> +<td class="year"> +1929. +</td> +<td> +Revision of the American chipmunks (genera +<i> +Tamias +</i> +and +<i> +Eutamias</i>). N. Amer. Fauna, 52:1-157, 10 pls., 9 maps, November 30. +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p class="name"> +<span class="sc"> +Johnson, D. H. +</span> +</p> +<table class="lit" summary="Literature Cited"> +<tr> +<td class="year"> +1943. +</td> +<td> +Systematic review of the chipmunks (genus Eutamias) of California. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 48:63-148, 1 pl., 12 figs., December 24. +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p class="name"> +<span class="sc"> +Larrison, E. J. +</span> +</p> +<table class="lit" summary="Literature Cited"> +<tr> +<td class="year"> +1949. +</td> +<td> +Variation in the chipmunks of west-central Washington. Murrelet, 29:34-43, 1 map, March 1. +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p class="name"> +<span class="sc"> +Shaw, W. T. +</span> +</p> +<table class="lit" summary="Literature Cited"> +<tr> +<td class="year"> +1944. +</td> +<td> +Brood nests and young of two western chipmunks in the Olympic Mountains of Washington. Jour. Mamm., 25:274-284, 1 pl., 4 figs., September 8. +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<p class="name"> +<span class="sc"> +White, J. A. +</span> +</p> +<table class="lit" summary="Literature Cited"> +<tr> +<td class="year"> +1953. +</td> +<td> +Taxonomy of the chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and Eutamias umbrinus. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:563-582, 6 figs. in text, December 1. +</td> +</tr> +</table> +<br> +<p> +<i> +Transmitted June 26, 1953. +</i> +</p> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy +of the Chipmunks of Wyoming, by John A. 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White + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy of the Chipmunks of Wyoming + +Author: John A. White + +Release Date: April 11, 2010 [EBook #31951] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHIPMUNKS OF WYOMING *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy +of the Chipmunks of Wyoming + + +By + +JOHN A. WHITE + + + +University of Kansas Publications + +Museum of Natural History + +Volume 5, No. 34, pp. 583-610, 3 figures in text + +December 1, 1953 + + + +University of Kansas +LAWRENCE +1953 + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, and Robert W. +Wilson + +Volume 5, No. 34, pp. 583-610, 3 figures in text + +December 1, 1953 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED BY +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1953 + + + + +CONTENTS + + + PAGE + +Purpose 586 + +Methods, Materials, and Acknowledgments 586 + +Variation 587 + Juveniles 587 + Young 587 + Subadults 588 + Adults 588 + Old adults 588 + +Key to the Species of Chipmunks Inhabiting Wyoming 589 + +Accounts of Species and Subspecies 590 + _Eutamias minimus_ 590 + _E. m. minimus_ 591 + _E. m. consobrinus_ 593 + _E. m. pallidus_ 594 + _E. m. confinis_ 596 + _E. m. silvaticus_ 597 + _E. m. operarius_ 598 + + _Eutamias amoenus_ 602 + _E. a. luteiventris_ 602 + + _Eutamias dorsalis_ 603 + _E. d. utahensis_ 604 + + _Eutamias umbrinus_ 606 + _E. u. umbrinus_ 606 + _E. u. fremonti_ 607 + _E. u. montanus_ 608 + +Review and Conclusions 609 + +Literature Cited 610 + + +FIGURES + +Figure 1. Subspecies of _Eutamias minimus_ 590 + +Figure 2. _Eutamias amoenus_ and _Eutamias dorsalis_ 604 + +Figure 3. Subspecies of _Eutamias umbrinus_ 605 + + + + +PURPOSE + +The purpose of the following account is to: (1) Show what kinds of +chipmunks occur in Wyoming; (2) point out the interrelationships +between these kinds; and (3) account, where possible, for the present +distribution of these animals in Wyoming. + + +METHODS, MATERIALS, AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS + + Capitalized color terms in the following accounts are of Ridgway, + "Color Standards and Color Nomenclature," Washington, D.C., 1912. + + The measurements of the skull that were used in this study were + made as shown in White (1953:566, fig. 1). These are: Greatest + length of skull, zygomatic breadth, cranial breadth, length of + nasals, length of lower tooth-row, condylo-alveolar length of + mandible, and inner mandibular length. + + Of the external measurements, only the total length and the length + of the tail are recorded in table 1. Some field collectors measured + the ear from the notch and others from the crown; most collectors + measured the length of the hindfoot to the nearest millimeter + rather than in tenths of a millimeter as would have been desirable. + Consequently, I decided against using the length of the ear and + hindfoot in this report. + + When the word "significantly" is used in comparisons, it is meant + to show that there is a significant statistical difference between + two or more samples. Whenever eight or more specimens from one + locality were available, the mean, range, standard deviation, + standard error of the mean, and coefficient of variability were + calculated. + + Only adult specimens were used in comparison. "Aging" of specimens + is discussed on page 587 of this paper. + + The geographic range of each species and subspecies is not + described in writing, for, the localities are plotted on maps along + with the geographic range of each subspecies, and under "specimens + examined" the locality of each specimen or series of specimens is + listed. + + In the synonymy of each subspecies there appears, first the first + usage of a name, second the first usage of the name combination now + employed, and third, pure synonyms. + + A total of 757 specimens of chipmunks are listed as examined in the + course of preparing this report. Additional specimens were less + carefully examined in the Biological Surveys Collection in + Washington, D.C. Specimens used in my study, unless otherwise + specified, are in the Museum of Natural History, University of + Kansas. The symbols representing the collections containing + specimens studied are as follows: + + BS--United States Biological Surveys Collection. + FC--Collection of James S. Findley. + MM--Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. + NM--United States National Museum. + KU--Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas. + + I am grateful to Professor E. Raymond Hall for guidance in my study + and thank Doctors Robert W. Wilson, E. Lendell Cockrum, Keith R. + Kelson, A. Byron Leonard, Rollin H. Baker, and others at the Museum + of Natural History and Department of Zoology, University of Kansas, + for encouragement and advice. My wife, Alice M. White, made the + illustrations and helped me in many ways. + + For permission to borrow and to study specimens, I thank Dr. W. H. + Burt of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Miss Viola + S. Schantz of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Mr. + Colin C. Sanborn of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and Mr. + James S. Findley. + + Assistance with field work is acknowledged from the Kansas + University Endowment Association, the National Science Foundation + and the United States Navy, Office of Naval Research, through + contract No. NR161 791. + + +VARIATION + +Secondary sexual variation in chipmunks is small; the females are +slightly larger than the males. This difference in size is so slight +that it can be ignored when making taxonomic comparisons, for, large +samples of males and females of like age and from the same locality +were compared and were found statistically not to be significantly +different. This is in agreement with Johnson (1943:70) and Hall +(1946:329). + +Variations of taxonomic worth are treated in the accounts of species +and subspecies. + +Individual variation is slight, for, the analyses of measurements of +the skulls of series of specimens of like age, reveal markedly low +coefficients of variability resembling those published by Larrison +(1949). + +The age-categories here recognized are based primarily on the structure +of the skull. + +_Juveniles._--Nasals proportionally shorter and more pointed anteriorly +than in other categories; zygomatic arches more appressed to cranium; +suture separating basisphenoid and presphenoid noticeably "open"; +deciduous P4 and p4 show no wear through enamel; M3 and m3 not yet +erupted; peglike deciduous P3 strongly leaning posteriorly; molars show +no wear through enamel; parietals paperlike or thin; skull convex +dorsally; 1 to 1-1/2 months of age. + +_Young._--Nasals of adult proportions; zygomatic arches still +noticeably appressed anteriorly to cranium; suture between basisphenoid +and presphenoid still "open"; nasals rounded, no longer so pointed as +in juveniles; deciduous P4 and p4 show wear through enamel layer, and +in some specimens, permanent P4 and p4 can be seen beneath; roots of +deciduous P4 and p4 clearly show erosion beneath; M3 and m3 fully +erupted; peglike deciduous P3 still present; parietals noticeably +thicker and less paperlike; skull flattened (not so convex dorsally), +but not so flattened as in adults; 1-1/2 to 4 months of age. + +In both juveniles and young the P4 and p4 are deciduous and differ in +occlusal pattern from the permanent P4 and p4. In the deciduous P4 the +anterior cingulum is projected strongly anteriorly forming the apex of +the sharpest angle of a triangle, whereas the permanent P4 is +trapezoidal in occlusal pattern. In the deciduous p4 the protoconid and +metaconid are close together giving this tooth a triangular appearance +in occlusal pattern, whereas this pattern in permanent p4 is +trapezoidal (see Hall 1926:390). + +_Subadults._--Adult configuration of skull reached; suture between +basisphenoid and presphenoid completely closed; nasals rounded +anteriorly; permanent P4 and p4 show no wear through enamel layer; wear +through enamel layer of molars noticeable, especially through +protocones; peglike permanent P3 slanting only slightly posteriorly; +skull only slightly convex dorsally; parietals solid and resistant to +pressure; lambdoidal crest weakly developed; 4 to 10 months of age. + +_Adults._--Lambdoidal crest well developed; supraorbital ridges +pronounced; P4 and p4 show wear through enamel layer and frequently as +worn as molars; noticeable wear on lophs and lophids of molars; +occlusal pattern always visible; ten months to 2 years of age. + +_Old adults._--Ridges and crests extremely well developed; occlusal +pattern of molariform teeth obliterated or nearly so; P3 noticeably +worn; 2 to 4 years or older. + +The hypohyal and ceratohyal bones of the hyoid apparatus are distinct +from one another in juveniles and young, but are fused in subadults, +adults, and old adults. + +Lack of suitable material prevented me from studying chipmunks younger +than juveniles. The patterns of growth of these younger chipmunks +probably closely follow the changes described by Hall (1926) for +_Citellus beecheyi_. + +The tip of the baculum in juveniles and young is proportionally longer, +in relation to the shaft, than in subadults, adults, and old adults. + +Juvenal (juveniles and young) pelage in chipmunks is characterized by +silkiness and sparseness, especially on the venter. The coloration of +this juvenal pelage resembles that of adults in winter pelage which is +duller than adult summer pelage. Adult pelage (subadults, adults, and +old adults) is not so silky as juvenal pelage, but there are more +hairs, especially on the venter. The color pattern is the same in both +juvenal and adult pelages. + +Chipmunks are born naked and blind and in about two weeks the "body is +covered with silken hair clearly demonstrating the color pattern so +characteristic of chipmunks...." (Shaw 1944:282). This "silken hair" is +replaced by adult summer pelage, and juvenal chipmunks which are +molting into adult summer pelage closely resemble the adult males, and +later on in the summer, the adult females. Adult females molt later, as +a rule, than adult males probably because of lactation. Summer molt +begins, on chipmunks in Wyoming and South Dakota, in the latter part of +June and is completed by the latter part of August or the first part of +September. + +Summer molt begins, topographically, in the region of the head and +progresses posteriorly to the base of the tail, for, the tail does not +molt into summer pelage. The winter molt starts at the same time at the +tip of the tail and at the base of the tail, and from each place +proceeds anteriorly. The sequence described above is the rule; +exceptionally, there are some specimens which molted in patches. In +most skins, molts are easily detected because distinct molt-lines were +formed. The above description of molting is based on study of a large +series of specimens of _Eutamias minimus silvaticus_ taken in several +seasons of the year. + +The summer pelage is bright, more especially on the sides. In late +summer the pelage on the tail is markedly worn, and the hairs around +its outer margin are broken. In texture, the summer pelage is not so +soft as winter pelage, and this is probably owing to the presence of +large amounts of "kinky" underfur in the winter pelage. + +The winter pelage is soft, dull in color, and gives the specimen a +grayish or an umbrous appearance. The guard hairs are longer than in +the summer pelage. + + +KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE CHIPMUNKS OF WYOMING + + 1. Dorsal stripes faint; general tone of upper parts grayish. + _Eutamias dorsalis_, p. 603 + + 1'. Dorsal stripes distinct; general tone of upper parts tawny (not + grayish). + + 2. Venter yellowish or buff; tip of baculum more than 30 per + cent of length of shaft; shaft of baculum not widened at base. + _Eutamias amoenus_, p. 602 + + 2'. Venter white; tip of baculum less than 29 per cent of + length of shaft--if more than 29 per cent, shaft widened at + base. + + 3. Size small to medium; greatest length of skull less + than 34 mm.; shaft of baculum not widened at base; + outermost dorsal dark stripe never obsolete _Eutamias + minimus_, p. 590 + + 3'. Size large; greatest length of skull rarely less than + 34 mm.; shaft of baculum widened at base; outermost dorsal + dark stripe often obsolete, never strongly evident. + _Eutamias umbrinus_, p. 606 + + +ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES + +Eutamias minimus (Bachman) + + _Diagnosis._--Size small; tip of baculum of adults less than 28 per + cent of length of shaft; outermost dorsal dark stripes distinct; + skull small to medium; when skull medium, zygomatic breadth not + proportionally narrower. + + _Comparisons._--From _Eutamias amoenus luteiventris_, the only + subspecies of that species in Wyoming, _E. minimus_ differs in: + Size smaller; tip of baculum in adults less than 28 per cent of + length of shaft; zygomatic arches proportionally wider; underparts + white or with less yellow or tawny. + + From _E. umbrinus_, _E. minimus_ differs in: Size smaller; general + tone of upper parts lighter; base of baculum not widened but almost + as narrow as least diameter of shaft. + + [Illustration: FIG. 1. Known occurrence and probable geographic + distribution of the subspecies of _Eutamias minimus_ in Wyoming. The + symbols for locality records are as follows: Circles, specimens + reported but not examined; solid circles, precise localities of + specimens examined; solid triangles, localities of specimens + examined, known only to county. + + 1. _E. m. minimus_ + 2. _E. m. consobrinus_ + 3. _E. m. pallidus_ + 4. _E. m. confinis_ + 5. _E. m. silvaticus_ + 6. _E. m. operarius_ + + From _E. dorsalis utahensis_, the only subspecies of this species in + Wyoming, _E. minimus_ differs in: Dorsal dark stripes distinct and + usually blackish; skull smaller; tip of baculum of adults less than + 28 per cent of length of shaft.] + +_Remarks._--This is the smallest of the species of chipmunks in +Wyoming, and in the state can be readily distinguished from the other +species by the smaller size and by the characteristic proportions of +the baculum. + +_E. minimus_ occurs in all the Life-zones of Wyoming, and inhabits open +country, such as in the great expanses where sagebrush (_Artemesia_ +sp.) is predominant, or inhabits the edges of forests, never occurring +in the forest proper. + +Analyses of measurements of the skull indicate that of the six +subspecies of _E. minimus_ that are found in Wyoming, two are small +(_E. m. minimus_ and _E. m. consobrinus_) and the other four are large +(_E. m. pallidus_, _E. m. confinis_, _E. m. silvaticus_, and _E. m. +operarius_). Within these size-groups the subspecies can be +distinguished by differences in color pattern. + + +Eutamias minimus minimus (Bachman) + + _Tamias minimus_ Bachman, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 8(pt. + 1):71, 1839. + + _Eutamias minimus_, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., + 30:42, December 27, 1901. + + _Type._--Obtained on Green River, near mouth of Big Sandy Creek, + Sweetwater County, Wyoming. Age, sex, collector, and date when + obtained, not surely known. + + _Diagnosis._--Size small; general tone of upper parts pale grayish + brown; baculum small. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Pinkish Buff mixed with + grayish white; facial stripes Snuff Brown mixed with black; + anterior margin of ear Drab washed with Cinnamon; hairs inside + posterior part of pinna Light Pinkish Cinnamon; posterior margin of + ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal dark + stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of dark + stripes Sayal Brown more or less mixed with Fuscous; pairs of light + dorsal stripes grayish white and tinged with Buff; rump and thighs + Smoke Gray; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with + Cinnamon Buff; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Clay Color, + Blackish Brown mixed with Cinnamon Buff around margins; antiplantar + and antipalmar surfaces of feet Pale Pinkish Buff; underparts + creamy white. _Skull_ and _Baculum_: Small but proportionally the + same as in other subspecies of _E. minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. m. consobrinus_, the subspecies to the + west and south, _E. m. minimus_ differs in: Over-all tone of upper + parts lighter; underside of tail lighter. + + From _E. m. pallidus_, the subspecies to the north and northeast, + _E. m. minimus_ differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and + narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; slightly + paler. + + From _E. m. confinis_, the subspecies in the Big Horn Mountains, + _E. m. minimus_ differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and + narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler. + + From _E. m. operarius_, the subspecies to the east and southeast, + _E. m. minimus_ differs in: Size smaller; skull shorter and + narrower; mandible shorter and shallower; baculum shorter; paler. + + _Remarks._--_E. m. minimus_ is the smallest of the chipmunks that + occur in Wyoming. This pale little squirrel is found in the Red + Desert in Sweetwater County, where the features distinctive of the + subspecies are most strongly developed. Specimens from western + Sweetwater County and northwestern Uinta County are intergrades + between _E. m. minimus_ and _E. m. consobrinus_ and are referable + to _E. m. minimus_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number 167. + + _Sublette Co._: 60 mi. SE Jackson [Teton County], 1 (MM); 2 mi. SE + Big Sandy, 1. + + _Fremont Co._: 40 mi. E Dubois, 1; 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W Shoshoni, + 4,650 ft., 2; 9 mi. N and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 2; 7 mi. N + and 3 mi. E Shoshoni, 4,700 ft., 3; 2-1/2 mi. W Shoshoni, 4,800 + ft., 1; Granite Mountains, 6; Mount Crooks, 8,600 ft., 6. + + _Natrona Co._: 27 mi. N and 1 mi. E Powder River, 6,075 ft., 2; 15 + mi. N and 1 mi. W Waltman, 1; 9 mi. S and 9 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 + ft., 1; 16 mi. S and 11 mi. W Waltman, 6,950 ft., 2; Sun Ranch, 5 + mi. W Independence Rock, 6,000 ft., 4; 9 mi. W and 1 mi. N + Independence Rock, 1; 5 mi. W and 1 mi. S Independence Rock, 2. + + _Uinta Co._: 15 mi. WSW Granger [Sweetwater County], 1; 10 mi. SW + Granger [Sweetwater County], 10 (MM). + + _Sweetwater Co._: Farson, 6,580 ft., 11; 5 mi. E Farson, 1; 27 mi. + N Table Rock, 1 (MM); 27 mi. N and 37 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 + ft., 1; 25 mi. N and 38 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,700 ft., 3; Junction + of Big Sandy Creek and Green River, 6,400 ft., 7 (3MM); 17 mi. N + and 6 mi. W Rock Springs, 7,000 ft., 1; Thayer Junction, 9 (MM); + Table Rock, 1 (MM); Wamsutter, 1 (MM); Green River, 4 (MM); Bitter + Creek, 2 (FC); 13 mi. S and 14 mi. E Rock Springs, 6,650 ft., 2; 18 + mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,800 ft., 2; 22 mi. SSW Bitter Creek, 5; 26 + mi. S and 21 mi. W Rock Springs, 3; Kinney Ranch, 6,800 ft., 21 mi. + S Bitter Creek, 15; 30 mi. S Bitter Creek, 2; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. W + Rock Springs, 1; 32 mi. S and 22 mi. E Rock Springs, 7,025 ft., 12; + 33 mi. S Bitter Creek, 6,900 ft., 6; 3 mi. W Green River, and 2 mi. + N Utah Boundary, 1; 1/2 mi. N Junction Henrys Fork and Utah + Boundary, 2; 1 mi. N Linwood, Utah, 1 (MM). + + _Carbon Co._: 18 mi. NNE Sinclair, 6,500 ft., 2; Rawlins, 1; 30 mi. + E Rawlins, 6,750 ft., 2; Bridgers Pass, 18 mi. SW Rawlins, 7,500 + ft., 1. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:38): _Lincoln Co._: Fontanelle; + Opal. _Sublette Co._: Big Piney; Green River at junction with New + Fork; Muddy Creek, near Big Sandy Creek. _Fremont Co._: Jackeys + Creek, 3 mi. S Dubois; Wind River near mouth of Meadow Creek; Ft. + Washakie; Green Mountains, 8 mi. E Rongis. _Natrona Co._: Bitter + Creek, near Powder River; Rattlesnake Mountains; Casper; + Independence Rock. _Sweetwater Co._: Eden, Steamboat Mountain; + Superior; Maxon; Green River, 4 mi. N Linwood, Utah; Henrys Fork, + at mouth of Burnt Fork. _Carbon Co._: Canyon Creek, 12 mi. S + Alcova; Ferris Mountains; Shirley; Shirley Mountains; 8-1/2 mi. SE + Lost Soldier [= Bairoil]; Ft. Steele; Sulphur Springs. _Albany + Co._: Spring Creek, 10 mi. W Marshall; Sheep Creek. _County + uncertain_: Little Sandy River; Green River. + + +Eutamias minimus consobrinus (J. A. Allen) + + _Tamias minimus consobrinus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. + Hist. 3:112, June, 1890. + + _Eutamias minimus consobrinus_, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. + Nat. Hist. 30:42, December 27, 1901. + + _Eutamias lectus_ J. A. Allen, Brooklyn Inst. Mus. Sci. Bull. + 1:117, March 31, 1905 (not in Wyoming), type from Beaver Valley, + Utah. + + _Eutamias consobrinus clarus_ Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 31:31, May 16, 1918, type from Swan Lake Valley, Yellowstone + National Park, Wyoming. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186456 (NM); from near + Barclay, Parley's Canyon, Wasatch Mountains, Salt Lake County, + Utah; obtained on October 31, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. + 361. + + _Diagnosis._--Size small; over-all tone of upper parts grayish + brown; baculum small, as in _E. m. minimus_. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Smoke Gray mixed with + Ochraceous Tawny; upper facial stripe Fuscous; other facial stripes + Fuscous or Fuscous Black mixed with Tawny; hairs inside posterior + part of pinna Light Ochraceous Buff; anterior margin of ear + Ochraceous Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch + grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Ochraceous + Tawny along margins; other dorsal dark stripes black mixed with + Ochraceous Tawny; median pair of dorsal light stripes grayish white + with Ochraceous Tawny along margins; lateral pair of light dorsal + stripes white; sides Ochraceous Tawny or Light Sayal Brown; rump + and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Cinnamon Buff; dorsal surface of + tail Fuscous Black mixed with Cinnamon Buff; ventral surface of + tail Sayal Brown, Fuscous Black along margin, and Cinnamon Buff or + Ochraceous Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar + surfaces of feet Light Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff; underparts + grayish white mixed slightly with Buff. _Skull_ and _Baculum_: + Small but proportionally the same as in other subspecies of _E. + minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. m. pallidus_, the subspecies to the east, + _E. m. consobrinus_ differs in: Color darker; size smaller; skull + narrower and shorter; baculum shorter. + + From _E. m. confinis_, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains, + _E. m. consobrinus_ differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts less + grayish; underside of tail lighter; skull narrower and shorter; + baculum shorter. + + For comparisons with _E. m. minimus_ see the account of that + subspecies. + +_Remarks._--Specimens of this subspecies from the area between the +Uinta Mountains and the mountains of the Wyoming and Wind River ranges, +are clearly intergrades between _E. m. consobrinus_ and _E. m. minimus_ +and are here referred to _E. m. consobrinus_. These specimens are paler +than typical _E. m. consobrinus_ and considerably darker than _E. m. +minimus_. These intergrades came from an area where the habitat is +intermediate between that of _E. m. consobrinus_ and _E. m. minimus_ +but more nearly like that of _E. m. consobrinus_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 135. + + _Yellowstone Park_: Fishing Bridge, 1 (MM). + + _Park Co._: SW slope Whirlwind Peak, 9,000 ft., 1. + + _Teton Co._: N end Blacktail Butte, 6,600 ft., 1 mi. E Moose, 1; + Bar BC Ranch, 6,500 ft., 2-1/2 mi. NE Moose, 2; 3-3/4 mi. E Moose, + 6,300 ft., 3; 3-3/4 mi. E and 3/4 mi. S Moran, 6,210 ft., 2; 5 mi. + S Moran, 1 (FC); 2 mi. S Elk Ranch, 2 (FC); 7 mi. S Moran, 1 (FC); + 19 mi. E and 2 mi. S Moran, 1; Flat Creek Pass, 1 (MM); Flat + Creek-Crystal Creek Divide, 1 (MM); Flat Creek-Granite Creek + Divide, 5 (MM); Dry Hollow, Jackson, 1 (MM); Jackson, 4 (MM); Jenny + Lake, 2 (MM); Sheep Creek, Jackson, 1 (MM). + + _Lincoln Co._: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5,650 ft., 2; 13 mi. N + and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 ft., 2; 10 mi. N and 2 mi. W Afton, 6,100 + ft., 2; 6 mi. N and 2 mi. E Sage, 6,050 ft., 1; Kemmerer, 1; + Cumberland, 14 mi. S and 1 mi. W Kemmerer, 6,550 ft., 6. + + _Sublette Co._: 5 mi. E and 9 mi. N Pinedale, 9,200 ft., 12; 10 mi. + NE Pinedale, 8,000 ft., 2; W end Half Moon Lake, 7,900 ft., 5; 3 + mi. E and 5 mi. N Pinedale, 7,500 ft., 3; 2-1/4 mi. NE Pinedale, + 7,500 ft, 3; 4 mi. W Pinedale, 7,200 ft., 2; 19 mi. W and 2 mi. S + Big Piney, 7,700 ft., 1; 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., 2. + + _Fremont Co._: Togwotee Pass, 3 (1 FC); Moccasin Lake, 10,100 ft., + 19 mi. W and 4 mi. N Lander, 1; 16 mi. S and 5-1/2 mi. W Lander, + 8,650 ft., 1; 23-1/2 mi. S and 5 mi. W Lander, 8,600 ft., 1; 3 mi. + E and 1/2 mi. N South Pass City, 7,900 ft., 7; Mosquito Park R.S., + 9,500 ft., 17-1/2 mi. W and 2-1/2 mi. N Lander, 1; 4 mi. S and + 8-1/2 mi. W Lander, 9,200 ft., 1. + + _Uinta Co._: 1/2 mi. S Cumberland [Lincoln County], 1; 2 mi. W Fort + Bridger, 6,070 ft., 1; 8-1/2 mi. W Fort Bridger, 6,700 ft., 17; 1/2 + mi. S Mountain View, 6,900 ft., 2; 6 mi. S and 2-1/2 mi. E + Robertson, 8,200 ft., 3; 8 mi. S and 2-1/2 mi. E Robertson, 8,300 + ft., 1; 9 mi. S Robertson, 8,000 ft., 5; 9-1/2 mi. S and 1 mi. W + Robertson, 8,600 ft., 2; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W Robertson, 8,700 ft., + 4; 13 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 7; 2 mi. E and 12 mi. + S Robertson, Ashley Nat. For., 9,000 ft., 1; 11-1/2 mi. S and 2 mi. + E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1; 4-1/2 mi. S and 4 mi. E Robertson, 8,025 + ft., 1. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:48): _Yellowstone Park_: Bunsen + Peak; Swan Lake Valley; Canyon; Lake Station; Firehole River; + Summit Lake; Snow Pass. _Park Co._: Beartooth Lake; Whirlwind Peak, + near Pahaska Tepee; Valley; Needle Mountain. _Teton Co._: Elk, + Jackson Hole; Teton Pass. _Lincoln Co._: Thayne; head of La Barge + Creek; Smith Fork, 7,000 to 8,000 ft. _Sublette Co._: 12 mi. N + Kendall; Merna; Fremont Lake; Surveyor Park, 12 mi. NE Pinedale; + Bronx; Little Sandy Creek; Stanley; Big Sandy. _Fremont Co._: Lake + Fork, Wind River Mountains; Fremont Peak; South Pass City. _Uinta + Co._: Bear River Divide, 14 mi. N Evanstone; Evanstone; Ft. + Bridger; Spring Valley; Henry's Fork, 5 mi. W Lone Tree; Lone Tree; + Sage Creek (exact locality unknown). + + +Eutamias minimus pallidus (J. A. Allen) + + _Tamias quadrivittatus b._ var. _pallidus_ J. A. Allen, Proc. + Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 16:289, 1874. + + _Eutamias minimus pallidus_, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, + 1922. + + _Lectotype._--Skull and skin, No. 11656/38311 (NM); from Camp + Thorne, near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; obtained on July 18, + 1873, by J. A. Allen; original No. 200. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; over-all tone of upper parts pale grayish + brown; baculum large. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Pale Smoke Gray mixed with + Clay Color; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; + anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of pinna + Pale Pinkish Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch + grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe black with Clay Color + along margins; other dorsal dark stripes Fuscous mixed with Clay + Color; median pair of dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray; lateral + pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Cinnamon Buff; + rump and thighs Smoke Gray mixed with Pale Buff; dorsal surface of + tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Warm Buff; ventral surface + of tail Pinkish Cinnamon or Pinkish Buff, with Fuscous Black along + margin and Warm Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and + antiplantar surfaces of feet Pinkish Buff, Warm Buff or Pale + Yellow-Orange; underparts white with dark underfur. _Skull_ and + _Baculum_: Large but of same proportions as in other subspecies of + _E. minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. m. silvaticus_, the subspecies from the + Black Hills, _E. m. pallidus_ differs in: Paler; underside of tail + paler; sides paler. + + From _E. m. confinis_, the subspecies from the Big Horn Mountains, + _E. m. pallidus_ differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts paler; + sides paler; underside of tail paler. + + From _E. m. operarius_, the subspecies from the mountains in + south-central Wyoming, _E. m. pallidus_ differs in: Over-all tone + of upper parts paler; sides paler; underside of tail paler. + + For comparisons with _E. m. minimus_ and _E. m. consobrinus_, see + the accounts of those subspecies. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from near Buffalo, Johnson Co., are intergrades +between _E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. confinis_ and are referable to _E. +m. confinis_. Specimens from near Sundance (not in Bear Lodge +Mountains), Crook Co., are intergrades between _E. m. pallidus_ and _E. +m. silvaticus_ (Howell 1929:55). Specimens from the Laramie Range in +Converse Co. are intergrades between _E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. +operarius_, and referable to _E. m. operarius_. Specimens from near +Greybull, Big Horn Co., are intergrades between _E. m. pallidus_ and +_E. m. minimus_ and are referable to _E. m. pallidus_. These specimens +show no intergradation with _E. m. confinis_ which occurs but a short +distance to the east in the Big Horn Mountains. Intergradation between +_E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. minimus_ probably exists in northeastern +Natrona Co. and southwestern Johnson Co. + +Comparisons of specimens of _E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. cacodemus_, +indicates that, in my opinion, _E. m. cacodemus_ is entitled to +subspecific recognition, for, the relationship between _E. m. pallidus_ +to _E. m. cacodemus_ is the same as that between _E. m. pallidus_ and +_E. m. confinis_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 58. + + _Park Co._: 2 mi. S and 2 mi. E Meteetse, 5,750 ft., 3. + + _Big Horn Co._: 6 mi. NW Greybull, 3,800 ft., 6; Greybull, 4 (BS); + 7 mi. S Basin, 3,900 ft., 5. + + _Sheridan Co._: 5 mi. NE Clearmont, 3,900 ft., 1. + + _Campbell Co._: 5 mi. N and 8 mi. W Spotted Horse, 9; 6 mi. W and 4 + mi. S Rockypoint, 4,200 ft., 1; 4 mi. S and 3 mi. W Rockypoint, 5; + Middle Butte, 6,010 ft., 38 mi. S and 19 mi. W Gillette, 3; South + Butte, 6,000 ft., 17-1/2 mi. W and 40-1/2 mi. S Gillette, 2; Ivy + Creek, 8 mi. W and 5 mi. N Spotted Horse, 6. + + _Crook Co._: Moorcroft, Belle Fourche Valley, 8 (BS). + + _Washakie Co._: 15 mi. W Tensleep, in badlands, 1 (BS); 8 mi. S and + 8 mi. W Worland, 1; 10 mi. S Tensleep, near No Wood Creek, 2 (BS). + + _Goshen Co._: Rawhide Buttes, 12 mi. S and 1 mi. W Lusk, 1. + + _Laramie Co._: unspecified, 1. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:44): _Big Horn Co._: Otto; + Hyattville. _Sheridan Co._: Powder River at mouth of Clear Creek; + Sheridan; Arvada. _Weston Co._: Thornton; Upton; Pine Ridge; + Newcastle. _Hot Springs Co._: head of Bridger Creek; Willow Creek, + 10 mi. SW Thermopolis. _Washakie Co._: 10 mi. S Manderson; Otter + Creek, Bighorn Basin. _Johnson Co._: Powder River Basin, near + Pumpkin Buttes. _Natrona Co._: Merino. _Converse Co._: Douglas. + _Platte Co._: Guernsey; 15 mi. SW Wheatland. _Goshen Co._: Rawhide + Butte. _Localities for which counties are unknown_: Owl Creek + Mountains; North Platte River. + + +Eutamias minimus confinis Howell + + _Eutamias minimus confinis_ Howell, Jour. Mamm. 6:52, February 15, + 1925. + + _Type._--Female, adult, skull and skin No. 168957 (NM); from head + of Trapper Creek, west slope of Bighorn Mountains, Big Horn County, + Wyoming; obtained on July 7, 1910, by Merrit Cary; original No. + 1956. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; over-all tone of upper parts grayish + brown; baculum large, as in _E. m. pallidus_. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Clay Color mixed with Pale + Smoke Gray; upper facial stripe Fuscous Black; other facial stripes + Fuscous Black slightly mixed with Tawny; anterior margin of ear + Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior part of + pinna Yellow Ocher or Ochraceous-Orange; posterior margin of ear + Smoke Gray; postauricular patch buffy white or Smoke Gray; dorsal + dark stripes black or Fuscous Black more or less mixed with Tawny + or Tawny-Olive; dorsal light stripes creamy white, sometimes washed + with Pale Smoke Gray; sides Raw Sienna or Cinnamon Buff; rump and + thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Tawny-Olive; dorsal surface of + tail black mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Clay + Color, black along margin and Light Buff or Light Ochraceous Buff + along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet + Pinkish Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes with grayish + underfur. _Skull_ and _Baculum_: Large but proportionally the same + as in other subspecies of _E. minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. m. silvaticus_, the subspecies from the + Black Hills, _E. m. confinis_ differs in: General tone of upper + parts darker, more reddish and less grayish; ventral surface of + tail more tawny; skull and baculum of same size and proportions. + + From _E. m. operarius_, the subspecies from the Laramie Range and + other mountains of south-central Wyoming, _E. m. confinis_ differs + in: Rump and thighs darker; sides darker; general tone of upper + parts more grayish. + + For comparisons with _E. m. minimus_, _E. m. consobrinus_, and _E. + m. pallidus_, see the accounts of those subspecies. + +_Remarks._--This subspecies is endemic to the Bighorn Mountains. +Intergradation between _E. m. confinis_ and _E. m. minimus_ and between +_E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. confinis_ have already been discussed in +the accounts of those subspecies. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 85. + + _Big Horn Co._: 12 mi. E and 2 mi. S Shell, 7,900 ft., 2; 13 mi. E + and 2 mi. N Shell, 8,500 ft., 2; 13 mi. E Shell, 8,300 ft., 1; 17 + mi. E and 3 mi. S Shell, 9,000 ft., 8; 17-1/2 mi. E and 4-1/2 mi. S + Shell, 8,500 ft, 11; 19 mi. E and 4-1/2 mi. S Shell, 9,600 ft., 1; + 9 mi. E and 9 mi. N Tensleep, 8,200 ft., 4. + + _Sheridan Co._: Medicine Wheel Ranch, 9,000 ft., 28 mi. E Lovell, + 11; 38 mi. E Lovell, Big Horn Nat. For., 9,600 ft., 10; 5-1/2 mi. W + and 1-1/2 mi. S Junction U.S. Highway 14 and Wyoming [State + Highway] 14, 8,480 ft., 2. + + _Washakie Co._: 9 mi. E and 4 mi. N Tensleep, 7,000 ft., 26; 3 mi. + SE Tensleep, 4,300 ft., 1. + + _Johnson Co._: 5-1/2 mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 4; 7-1/2 + mi. W and 1 mi. S Buffalo, 6,500 ft., 2. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:46): _Sheridan Co._: 20 mi. from + Sheridan. _Washakie Co._: Head of Canyon Creek. _Johnson Co._: Head + of North Fork of Powder River. + + +Eutamias minimus silvaticus White + + _Eutamias minimus silvaticus_ White, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. + Hist. 5 (19):259-262, April 10, 1952. + + _Type._--Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 20050 (KU); from 3 mi. + NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., Crook County, Wyoming; obtained on July 4, + 1947, by H. W. Setzer; original No. 1692. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; over-all tone of upper parts brownish + gray; sides Ochraceous Buff; baculum as in _E. m. pallidus_. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Sayal Brown washed with + Cinnamon Buff; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Clay Color; + anterior margin of ear Ochraceous-Orange; hairs inside posterior + part of pinna Ochraceous Buff; posterior margin of ear and + postauricular patch grayish white; dorsal dark stripes Fuscous + Black more or less mixed with Ochraceous Buff; medial dorsal light + stripes Pale Smoke Gray with Ochraceous Buff along margins; lateral + dorsal light stripes grayish white or white with Ochraceous Buff + along margins; sides Ochraceous Buff; rump and thighs Smoke Gray + washed with Ochraceous Buff; dorsal surface of tail black + interspersed with Ochraceous Buff; ventral surface of tail + Ochraceous-Orange, with black along margin and Light Ochraceous + Buff along outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of + feet Light Buff; underparts creamy white sometimes washed with + Ochraceous Buff. _Skull_ and _Baculum_: Large but of same + proportions as in other subspecies of _E. minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. m. operarius_, the subspecies from + south-central Wyoming, _E. m. silvaticus_ differs in: Underside of + tail lighter; general tone of upper parts grayer; sides lighter; + skull and baculum of same size and proportions. + + For comparisons with _E. m. pallidus_ and _E. m. confinis_, see the + accounts of those subspecies. + +_Remarks._--Intergradation between _E. m. silvaticus_ and _E. m. +pallidus_ has already been discussed under the account of _E. m. +pallidus_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 42. + + _Crook Co._: 15 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 5,500 ft., + 6; 15 mi. ENE Sundance, 3,825 ft., 1; 3 mi. NW Sundance, 5,900 ft., + 14; 1 mi. N Sundance, Black Hills Nat. Forest, 1. + + _Weston Co._: 1-1/2 mi. E Buckhorn, 6,150 ft., 19; SE Newcastle, 1 + (MM). + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:57): _Crook Co._: Devils Tower; + Sundance. + + +Eutamias minimus operarius Merriam + + _Eutamias amoenus operarius_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 18:164, June 29, 1905. + + _Eutamias minimus operarius_, Howell, Jour. Mamm. 3:183, August 4, + 1922. + + _Type._--Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 129808 (BS); from Gold + Hill, 7,400 ft., Boulder County, Colorado; obtained on October 8, + 1903, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 8160. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; general tone of upper parts dark reddish + brown; sides Tawny or Ochraceous Tawny; baculum large, as in _E. m. + pallidus_. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Cinnamon Buff mixed with + Pale Smoke Gray; facial stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal + Brown; anterior margin of ear and hairs inside posterior part of + pinna Cinnamon Buff; posterior margin of ear and postauricular + patch Pale Smoke Gray; dorsal dark stripes black with Ochraceous + Tawny along margins; median dorsal light stripes Pale Smoke Gray + with Ochraceous Tawny along margins; lateral dorsal light stripes + white; sides Tawny or Ochraceous Tawny; rump and thighs Light + Grayish Olive; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black slightly mixed + with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown or Ochraceous + Tawny with Fuscous Black along margin and Clay Color along + outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet + Ochraceous Buff; underparts grayish white, often washed with Buff. + _Skull_ and _Baculum_: Large but of same proportions as in other + subspecies of _E. minimus_. + + _Comparisons._--For comparisons with _E. m. minimus_, _E. m. + pallidus_, _E. m. confinis_, and _E. m. silvaticus_, see the + accounts of those subspecies. + +_Remarks._--Specimens from the mountains near Savery in Carbon County +and from near Medicine Bow Peak in Carbon and Albany counties are +clearly referable to this race on the basis of color pattern. However, +in the skull and baculum these specimens resemble _E. m. minimus_. + +Specimens from the Laramie Range, 27 mi. N Laramie, show a color +pattern which tends toward that of _E. m. pallidus_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 118. + + _Natrona Co._: 2 mi. W and 7 mi. S Casper, 6,370 ft., 2; 10 mi. S + Casper, 7,750 ft., 3; 6 mi. S and 2 mi. W Casper, 5,900 ft., 1. + + _Converse Co._: 21-1/2 mi. S and 24-1/2 mi. W Douglas, 7,600 ft., + 10. + + _Carbon Co._: Lake Marie, 10,440 ft., 1; 2 mi. S and 1/2 mi. W + Medicine Bow Peak, 10,400 ft., 1; 2 mi. S and 2 mi. W Medicine Bow + Peak, 10,700 ft., 1; 10 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8,000 ft., + 2; 8 mi. N and 14 mi. E Encampment, 8,400 ft., 2; 8 mi. N and 16 + mi. E Encampment, 8,400 ft., 3; 21-1/2 mi. E and 8 mi. N + Encampment, 9,400 ft., 2; 10 mi. E and 6 mi. S Saratoga, 8,800 ft., + 1; 8 mi. N and 19-1/2 mi. E Savery, 8,800 ft., 16; 17 mi. E and 7 + mi. N Savery, 8,300 ft., 1; 7 mi. N and 19 mi. E Savery, 10,128 + ft., 1; 14 mi. E and 6 mi. N Savery, 8,400 ft., 1; 5 mi. N and 5 + mi. E Savery, 6,900 ft., 2. + + _Albany Co._: 27 mi. N and 7-1/2 mi. E Laramie, 6,960 ft., 12; 13 + mi. E and 9 mi. N Laramie, 7,700 ft., 2; 8-3/4 mi. E and 6-1/2 mi. + S Laramie, 8,200 ft., 1; 5-1/2 mi. ESE Laramie, 8,500 ft., 1; 8 mi. + E and 4 mi. S Laramie, 8,600 ft, 1; 2 mi. SE Pole Mountain, 8,200 + ft., 19; 3 mi. S Pole Mountain, 8,100 ft., 2; 1 mi. SSE Pole + Mountain, 8,350 ft., 3; 3 mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,000 ft., 15; + 2-1/2 mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,300 ft., 1. + + _Laramie Co._: 5 mi. W Horse Creek P.O., 7,200 ft., 2; 3-1/2 mi. W + Horse Creek P.O., 7,000 ft., 3; 2 mi. W Horse Creek P.O., 6,600 + ft., 1. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:51): _Natrona Co._: Casper + Mountains, 7 mi. S Casper. _Carbon Co._: Bridger Peak; Riverside. + _Albany Co._: Springhill, 12 mi. N Laramie Peak; Eagle Peak; Bear + Creek, 3 mi. SW Eagle Peak; Laramie Mountains, 10 mi. E Laramie; + Woods [= Woods Landing]; Sherman. _Laramie Co._: Bluffs near Pole + Creek; 6 mi. W Islay. + +TABLE 1 + +Average and Extreme Measurements in Millimeters of Adult Chipmunks that +Occur in Wyoming + +Table Legend: + +Col. A: Greatest length of skull +Col. B: Zygomatic breadth +Col. C: Cranial breadth +Col. D: Length of nasals +Col. E: Total length +Col. F: Length of tail +Col. G: Length of lower tooth-row +Col. H: Condylo-alveolar length of mandible + +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. minimus_, S of Bitter Creek, Sweetwater Co. + +Mean (5) | 29.9 | 16.7 | 14.8 | 9.0 | 188 | 84.6 | 4.65 | 5.51 | +Min. [Male] | 29.0 | 16.5 | 14.6 | 8.6 | 177 | 81.0 | 4.52 | 15.11 | +Max. | 30.9 | 17.2 | 15.0 | 9.8 | 197 | 89.0 | 4.80 | 16.21 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (6) | 30.1 | 17.2 | 15.1 | 8.6 | 193 | 85.3 | 4.69 | 16.08 | +Min. [Female] | 29.0 | 16.8 | 14.9 | 7.9 | 184 | 80.0 | 4.53 | 15.71 | +Max. | 30.8 | 17.7 | 15.5 | 9.4 | 200 | 93.0 | 4.91 | 16.58 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. consobrinus_, near Jackson, Teton Co. + +Mean (4) | 30.1 | 16.6 | 14.4 | 8.6 | 190 | 83.0 | 4.48 | 15.65 | +Min. [Female] | 29.6 | 16.4 | 14.3 | 8.5 | 190 | 80.0 | 4.43 | 15.28 | +Max. | 30.7 | 16.9 | 14.6 | 8.8 | 192 | 86.0 | 4.59 | 15.99 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (6) | 30.8 | 17.1 | 14.5 | 9.1 | 200 | 88.4 | 4.60 | 16.05 | +Min. [Female] | 30.2 | 16.9 | 14.1 | 8.7 | 195 | 85.0 | 4.43 | 15.60 | +Max. | 31.3 | 17.5 | 15.1 | 9.5 | 205 | 92.0 | 4.84 | 16.70 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. pallidus_, Moorcroft and Rockypoint, Weston Co. + +Mean (9) | 31.8 | 18.0 | 15.3 | 9.3 | 193 | 85.8 | 4.84 | 16.74 | +Min. [Male] | 31.4 | 17.7 | 14.9 | 8.5 | 185 | 80.0 | 4.34 | 16.23 | +Max. | 32.5 | 18.7 | 15.9 | 9.7 | 204 | 91.0 | 5.02 | 17.21 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (7) | 32.2 | 18.2 | 15.5 | 9.6 | 205 | 91.0 | 4.97 | 17.02 | +Min. [Female] | 31.4 | 17.8 | 15.1 | 9.1 | 203 | 86.0 | 4.70 | 16.30 | +Max. | 32.9 | 18.9 | 16.0 | 10.3 | 214 | 99.0 | 5.18 | 17.39 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. confinis_, Bighorn Mts., near Tensleep, Washakie Co. + +Mean (9) | 31.6 | 17.8 | 15.4 | 9.3 | 205 | 89.6 | 4.78 | 16.71 | +Min. [Male] | 30.4 | 17.2 | 14.9 | 8.9 | 194 | 79.0 | 4.51 | 16.18 | +Max. | 33.3 | 19.0 | 16.2 | 9.9 | 228 | 113.0 | 5.09 | 17.70 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (8) | 32.4 | 18.7 | 15.6 | 9.6 | 208 | 88.8 | 4.83 | 17.09 | +Min. [Female] | 31.7 | 17.9 | 15.3 | 9.2 | 189 | 76.0 | 4.69 | 16.49 | +Max. | 33.1 | 19.3 | 16.1 | 9.7 | 226 | 103.0 | 4.93 | 17.73 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. silvaticus_, 16 mi. N Custer, Pennington Co., S.D. + +Mean (19) | 32.3 | 18.2 | 15.5 | 9.6 | 200 | 86.2 | 4.85 | 16.78 | +Min. [Male] | 31.5 | 17.4 | 15.0 | 9.1 | 189 | 76.0 | 4.63 | 16.19 | +Max. | 33.4 | 19.4 | 16.1 | 10.2 | 210 | 94.0 | 5.13 | 17.74 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (15) | 32.6 | 18.1 | 15.7 | 9.5 | 208 | 90.2 | 4.96 | 16.90 | +Min. [Female] | 31.5 | 17.7 | 15.0 | 9.1 | 189 | 70.0 | 4.61 | 16.26 | +Max. | 33.7 | 19.2 | 16.2 | 10.5 | 220 | 105.0 | 5.29 | 18.28 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. m. operarius_, near Pole Mt., Albany Co. + +Mean (9) | 31.5 | 17.6 | 15.2 | 9.7 | 193 | 85.6 | 4.78 | 16.52 | +Min. [Male] | 30.3 | 17.0 | 14.9 | 8.9 | 183 | 77.0 | 4.58 | 15.63 | +Max. | 32.4 | 18.2 | 15.5 | 10.6 | 203 | 91.0 | 5.12 | 17.37 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (8) | 32.2 | 18.0 | 15.4 | 9.7 | 203 | 85.7 | 4.86 | 16.50 | +Min. [Female] | 31.1 | 17.6 | 15.0 | 9.2 | 194 | 79.0 | 4.64 | 15.44 | +Max. | 33.4 | 18.5 | 15.8 | 10.2 | 212 | 92.0 | 5.11 | 17.21 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. a. luteiventris_, near Moran, Teton Co. + +Mean (20) | 33.6 | 18.2 | 15.5 | 10.6 | 212 | 94.8 | 5.14 | 17.27 | +Min. [Male] | 32.2 | 17.4 | 14.9 | 9.8 | 198 | 87.0 | 4.86 | 16.42 | +Max. | 35.2 | 18.7 | 16.2 | 12.1 | 221 | 108.0 | 5.37 | 18.39 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (10) | 33.8 | 18.5 | 15.5 | 11.1 | 217 | 91.7 | 5.13 | 17.47 | +Min. [Female] | 33.4 | 18.1 | 15.1 | 10.5 | 203 | 81.0 | 5.06 | 16.89 | +Max. | 34.7 | 19.0 | 16.0 | 11.5 | 225 | 100.0 | 5.32 | 18.33 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. d. utahensis_, W side Green River, 1 mi. N Utah border. + +Mean (4) | 34.7 | 18.9 | 16.4 | 10.8 | 197 | 84.5 | 5.08 | 17.91 | +Min. [Male] | 34.7 | 18.7 | 16.4 | 10.5 | 191 | 81.0 | 5.00 | 17.77 | +Max. | 34.8 | 19.2 | 16.4 | 11.1 | 203 | 88.0 | 5.15 | 18.06 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (2) | 36.0 | 19.5 | 16.3 | 11.3 | 211 | 88.0 | 5.25 | 18.87 | +Min. [Female] | 35.5 | 19.4 | 16.2 | 11.3 | 210 | 86.0 | 5.22 | 18.73 | +Max. | 36.6 | 19.7 | 16.4 | 11.4 | 212 | 90.0 | 5.28 | 19.02 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. u. umbrinus_, Mts. S Robertson, Uinta Co. + +Mean (11) | 34.7 | 18.9 | 15.7 | 10.9 | 218 | 96.2 | 5.13 | 18.04 | +Min. [Male] | 34.3 | 18.3 | 15.6 | 10.3 | 215 | 81.0 | 4.79 | 17.57 | +Max. | 35.2 | 19.4 | 16.0 | 11.7 | 228 | 112.0 | 5.42 | 18.59 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (4) | 35.1 | 19.2 | 15.9 | 11.0 | 224 | 96.4 | 5.17 | 18.46 | +Min. [Female] | 34.9 | 19.2 | 15.7 | 10.3 | 204 | 90.0 | 5.11 | 18.31 | +Max. | 35.4 | 20.0 | 16.2 | 11.8 | 234 | 100.0 | 5.22 | 18.98 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. u. fremonti_, Togwotee Pass, Fremont Co. + +Mean (8) | 35.6 | 19.3 | 15.9 | 11.4 | 223 | 99.0 | 5.34 | 19.17 | +Min. [Male] | 35.2 | 18.9 | 15.8 | 11.1 | 216 | 95.0 | 5.22 | 18.72 | +Max. | 36.5 | 19.7 | 16.1 | 11.8 | 243 | 111.0 | 5.57 | 19.78 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (6) | 35.3 | 19.6 | 15.9 | 11.3 | 229 | 101.0 | 5.40 | 19.02 | +Min. [Female] | 34.5 | 19.3 | 15.7 | 10.9 | 223 | 92.0 | 5.35 | 18.37 | +Max. | 36.0 | 20.0 | 16.5 | 12.0 | 239 | 110.0 | 5.44 | 19.51 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + _E. u. montanus_, near Longs Peak, Boulder Co., Colorado. + +Mean (5) | 35.2 | 18.8 | 15.5 | 10.8 | 226 | 96.0 | 5.20 | 18.29 | +Min. [Male] | 34.7 | 18.4 | 15.2 | 10.1 | 215 | 93.0 | 5.03 | 17.80 | +Max. | 36.8 | 19.4 | 16.2 | 11.5 | 232 | 115.0 | 5.53 | 19.36 | + | | | | | | | | | +Mean (6) | 35.7 | 19.1 | 15.6 | 10.9 | 226 | 98.0 | 5.28 | 18.67 | +Min. [Female] | 35.1 | 18.8 | 15.1 | 10.3 | 215 | 89.0 | 5.06 | 18.09 | +Max. | 36.5 | 19.5 | 16.0 | 11.5 | 231 | 105.0 | 5.58 | 19.35 | +--------------+------+------+------+------+-----+-------+------+-------+ + + +Eutamias amoenus (J. A. Allen) + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium; over-all tone of upper parts often + grayish olive; baculum small or medium, slender; tip of baculum 30 + to 38 per cent of length of shaft; skull medium, narrow across + zygomata. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. dorsalis utahensis_, the only subspecies + of this species in Wyoming, _E. amoenus luteiventris_ differs in: + Dorsal light and dark stripes distinct; over-all tone of upper + parts less grayish (more tawny); tip of baculum less than 38 per + cent of length of shaft in adult specimens. + + From _E. umbrinus fremonti_, the only subspecies of this species + which occurs in the same area with _E. amoenus_ in Wyoming, _E. a. + luteiventris_ differs in: Smaller size; tawny underparts; base of + baculum not noticeably widened. + + For comparisons with _E. minimus_ see the account of that species. + + +Eutamias amoenus luteiventris (J. A. Allen) + + _Tamias quadrivittatus luteiventris_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. + Nat. Hist., 3:101, June, 1890. + + _Eutamias amoenus luteiventris_, Howell, Jour. Mamm., 3:183, August + 4, 1922. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 11991/37996 (NM); from + "Chief Mountain Lake" [Waterton Lake], 3-1/2 mi. N United + States-Canadian Boundary, Alberta; obtained on August 24, 1874, by + Elliot Coues; original No. 4596. + + _Diagnosis._--General tone of upper parts ochraceous; underparts + strongly buffy; tip of baculum in adult specimens, more than 30 per + cent and less than 38 per cent of length of shaft. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Cinnamon mixed with Smoke + Gray; upper two facial stripes black; submalar stripe Fuscous or + Fuscous Black mixed with Ochraceous Tawny; anterior margin of ear + Ochraceous Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch + Light Buff or buffy white; hairs inside posterior part of pinna + Ochraceous Tawny; median dorsal dark stripe black; lateral pair of + dorsal dark stripes black and mixed with Tawny, frequently + brownish; median pair of dorsal light stripes white tinged with + Pale Smoke Gray; lateral pair of dorsal light stripes creamy white; + sides Tawny or Ochraceous Tawny; rump and thighs Dark Smoke Gray + strongly mixed with Cinnamon Buff; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous + Black mixed with Clay Color; ventral surface of tail Light + Ochraceous Tawny, with Fuscous Black around margin and Clay Color + around outermost edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet + Cinnamon or Cinnamon Buff; underparts Cinnamon Buff or Light + Ochraceous Buff. _Skull_: Size medium; moderately narrowed across + zygomata. _Baculum_: Slender; not noticeably broadened at base; tip + more than 30 per cent of length of shaft. + +_Remarks._--Although there are no records of this subspecies from the +Wind River Mountains, it probably occurs there. + +The niche that this subspecies occupies is similar to that of _E. m. +consobrinus_ as shown by the fact that these two subspecies have been +taken together at the same places. + +Specimens of _E. a. luteiventris_ and _E. umbrinus fremonti_ have been +taken together at the same places. + +In general, _E. m. consobrinus_ occurs in open country and at the edges +of forests, whereas _E. u. fremonti_ occurs in the forest. _E. a. +luteiventris_ occurs in the intermediate habitat, that is to say, not +far into the forest, and not so far out into the open as _E. m. +consobrinus_. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 83. + + _Yellowstone Park_: Unspecified, 2. + + _Park Co._: 31-1/2 mi. N and 36 mi. W Cody, 6,900 ft., 6; 29 mi. N + and 31 mi. W Cody, 7,200 ft., 1; 28 mi. N and 30 mi. W Cody, 7,200 + ft., 1; 16-1/4 mi. N and 17 mi. W Cody, 5,625 ft., 3; 25 mi. S and + 28 mi. W Cody, 6,350 ft., 2. + + _Teton Co._: Two Ocean Lake, 2 (1 FC); Whetstone Creek, 8 (MM); + Emma Matilda Lake, 1 (FC); Pacific Creek Road, 2-1/2 mi. E Moran, 1 + (FC); Two Ocean Lake Road, 2 (FC); 2 mi. E Moran, 1 (FC); 2-1/2 mi. + E and 1/4 mi. N Moran, 6,230 ft., 8; Pacific Creek, 1 (MM); + junction of Two Ocean Lake Road and U.S. Highway 187, 2 (FC); + Signal Mountain Road, 1 (FC); Leigh Lake, 9 (MM); Indian Paint + Brush Canyon, Teton Park, 1 (MM); Teton National Park, 3; 3 mi. E + and 1/4 mi. S Moran, 6,200 ft., 1; 3-3/4 mi. E and 1 mi. S Moran, + 6,200 ft., 8; 2-1/2 mi. N and 3-1/2 mi. E Moran, 7,225 ft., 1; + Timbered Island, 6,750 ft., 4 mi. N Moose, 5; Bar BC Ranch, 6,500 + ft., 2-1/2 mi. NE Moose, 9; Grand Teton, 9,000 ft., Teton Park, 1 + (MM); Upper Arizona Creek, Jackson, 1 (MM). + + _Lincoln Co._: 3 mi. N and 11 mi. E Alpine, 5,650 ft., 2. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:69): _Yellowstone Park_: Mammoth + Hot Springs; Roaring Mountain; Bunsen Peak; Yancey; Apollinaris + Spring; Canyon; Yellowstone Lake; Upper Geyser Basin; Old Faithful. + _Park Co._: Near head of Clarks Fork; Pahaska, N Fork Shoshone + River at Grinnell Creek; Valley. _Teton Co._: Moran; Teton + Mountains; Teton Pass. _Lincoln Co._: Afton, Salt River Mountains; + head of La Barge Creek, 9,100 ft.; Salt River Mountains, 10 mi. SE + Afton. _Sublette Co._: Merna; Stanley. + + +Eutamias dorsalis (Baird) + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium to large; general tone of upper parts + Smoke Gray; dorsal stripes indistinct or obsolete; often brightly + colored at base of tail; keel of baculum proportionally high, + approximately 1/3 of length of tip; skull longer than 34.5 mm. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. umbrinus_, _E. dorsalis_ differs in: + Dorsal stripes faint; skull smaller; base of baculum not noticeably + expanded; general tone of upper parts grayer. + + For comparisons with _E. minimus_ and _E. amoenus_ see the accounts + of those species. + + [Illustration: FIG. 2. Known occurrences and probable geographic + distribution of _Eutamias amoenus_ and _Eutamias dorsalis_ in + Wyoming. See figure 1 for explanation of symbols. + + 1. _E. amoenus luteiventris_ + 2. _E. dorsalis utahensis_] + + +Eutamias dorsalis utahensis Merriam + + _Eutamias dorsalis utahensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, + 11:210, July 1, 1897. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186457 (NM); from Ogden, + Weber County, Utah; obtained on October 9, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; + original No. 289. + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium; dorsal stripes faint; baculum not + noticeably widened at base. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Pale Smoke Gray mixed with + Cinnamon; upper facial stripe Fuscous; other facial stripes Sayal + Brown mixed with Fuscous or Fuscous Black; anterior margin of ear + Ochraceous Tawny; posterior margin of ear and postauricular patch + grayish white; median dorsal dark stripe Fuscous or black; other + dorsal dark stripes black and mixed with gray, sometimes barely + discernible; dorsal pair light stripes Smoke Gray; lateral pair of + light stripes creamy white; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed + with Cinnamon; dorsal surface of tail Fuscous Black mixed with + Tilleul Buff; underside of tail Cinnamon Buff or Pinkish Buff, + Fuscous Black around margin and Tilleul Buff around outermost edge; + antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon Buff; + underparts creamy white; sides Pinkish Cinnamon or Light Pinkish + Cinnamon. _Skull_: Size medium; braincase well inflated; zygomata + strong, moderately appressed to cranium. _Baculum_: Small; keel + approximately 1/3 of length of tip. + +_Remarks._--Only a few specimens of this subspecies have ever been +taken in Wyoming. Little is known about the habits of this chipmunk, +which normally is shy and wary. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 6. + + _Sweetwater Co._: W side Green River, 1 mi. N Utah border, 6. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:134): _Sweetwater Co._: Green + River, 4 mi. NE Linwood, Utah. + + [Illustration: FIG. 3. Known occurrences and probable geographic + distribution of the subspecies of _Eutamias umbrinus_ in Wyoming. See + figure 1 for explanation of symbols. + + 1. _E. u. umbrinus_ + 2. _E. u. fremonti_ + 3. _E. u. montanus_] + + +Eutamias umbrinus (J. A. Allen) + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; general tone of upper parts dark; base of + baculum widened; outermost dorsal dark stripe barely discernible or + lacking; skull rarely shorter than 34.0 mm. + + _Comparisons._--For comparisons with the other species of + _Eutamias_ in Wyoming, see the accounts of _E. minimus_, _E. + amoenus_, and _E. dorsalis_. + +_Remarks._--_E. umbrinus_ is the largest of the species of _Eutamias_ +occurring in Wyoming. This species usually occurs in the Canadian and +Hudsonian life-zones in the mountains of northwestern, southwestern, +and south-central Wyoming. + + +Eutamias umbrinus umbrinus (J. A. Allen) + + _Tamias umbrinus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 3:96, + June, 1890. + + _Eutamias umbrinus_, Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., + 30:45, December 27, 1901. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull and skin, No. 186463 (NM); from Blacks + Fork, about 9,500 ft., Uinta Mountains, Summit County, Utah; + obtained on September 19, 1888, by Vernon Bailey; original No. 228. + + _Diagnosis._--Size medium; over-all tone of upper parts dark and + shadowy; skull smallest of this species in Wyoming. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Pale Smoke Gray; facial + stripes Fuscous Black or Snuff-Brown; ears Fuscous Black; posterior + margin of ear and postauricular patch grayish white; median dorsal + dark stripe black with Sayal Brown along margins; lateral pair of + dorsal dark stripes Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown, or + entirely Sayal Brown; outermost pair of dorsal dark stripes Sayal + Brown mixed with Fuscous Black or lacking; sides Sayal Brown mixed + with Cinnamon; rump and thighs Sayal Brown mixed with Smoke Gray; + antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon Buff; + underside of tail Ochraceous Tawny or Sayal Brown, with Fuscous + Black around margin and Pinkish Buff around outermost edge; + underparts creamy white with dark gray underfur. _Skull_: Smooth + and rounded; braincase inflated; zygomata strong. _Baculum_: + Broadened at base; shaft tapers rapidly to tip. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. u. fremonti_, the subspecies from the + north in the mountains of northwestern Wyoming, _E. u. umbrinus_ + differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; sides lighter; + skull smaller. From _E. u. montanus_, the subspecies from the + Medicine Bow Range of south-central Wyoming, _E. u. umbrinus_ + differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; sides darker; + skull smaller. + +_Remarks._--This subspecies occurs only in the foothills of the Uinta +Mountains in the southern part of Uinta County. These "foothills" are +well-timbered and at an altitude of 7,000 feet and higher. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 23. + + _Uinta Co._: 9 mi. S Robertson, 8,000 ft, 15; 10 mi. S and 1 mi. W + Robertson, 8,700 ft., 5; 11-1/2 mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 + ft., 1; 2 mi. E and 12 mi. S Robertson, Ashley Nat. Forest, 1; 13 + mi. S and 2 mi. E Robertson, 9,200 ft., 1. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:95): _Uinta Co._: Henry Fork, 5 + mi. W Lone Tree; Lone Tree. + + +Eutamias umbrinus fremonti White + + _Eutamias umbrinus fremonti_ White, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. + Hist. 5:575, December 1, 1953. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull, skin, and baculum, No. 41790 (KU); + from 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., Sublette County, Wyoming; + obtained on July 8, 1951, by Rollin H. Baker; original No. 1596. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; over-all tone of upper parts dark; lower + tooth-row longest of this species in Wyoming. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Cinnamon Buff mixed with + gray; upper facial stripe Sepia; ocular stripe Chaetura-Drab; + submalar stripe Fuscous Black mixed with Sayal Brown; ears black; + anterior margin of ear Mars Yellow; posterior margin of ear grayish + white; hairs inside posterior part of pinna Dresden Brown; + postauricular patch Pale Smoke Gray; median dorsal dark stripe + black; lateral dorsal dark stripes black mixed with Sayal Brown; + outermost dorsal dark stripes Buckhorn Brown mixed with black or + sometimes absent; median pair of dorsal light stripes grayish mixed + with Buckhorn Brown; outer pair of dorsal light stripes creamy + white; sides Buckhorn Brown; rump and thighs Pale Smoke Gray mixed + with Saccardo's Umber; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with + Buckhorn Brown; ventral surface of tail Sayal Brown, with Fuscous + Black around margin and white or Light Buff around outermost edge; + antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Warm Buff; underparts + creamy white with dark underfur. _Skull_: Large; zygomata strong + and arched; braincase well inflated. _Baculum_: Broad at base; + shaft tapers sharply to tip. + + _Comparisons._--From _E. u. montanus_, the subspecies from the + Medicine Bow Range of south-central Wyoming, _E. u. fremonti_ + differs in: Over-all tone of upper parts darker; underside of tail + darker; feet darker; sides darker. + + For comparisons with _E. u. umbrinus_ see the account of that + subspecies. + +_Remarks._--This subspecies normally occurs in the forest as do the +other subspecies of _E. umbrinus_ in Wyoming. A single specimen taken +at 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W Shoshoni, Fremont County, is the exception +which probably indicates that _E. umbrinus_ does occur outside of its +normal habitat and that gene-flow exists between the subspecies of this +species. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 53. + + _Yellowstone Park_: Unspecified, 2. + + _Park Co._: Beartooth Lake, 1 (BS); 16-1/4 mi. N and 17 mi. W Cody, + 5,625 ft., 2. + + _Teton Co._: 1 mi. E and 1/4 mi. N Togwotee Pass, 9,800 ft., 2; + Amphitheater Lake, Teton Park, 1 (MM); Flat Creek, 4 (MM); head of + Cache Creek, 4 (MM); Jackson, Upper Arizona Creek, 2 (MM); Flat + Creek-Granite Creek divide, 6 (MM); Flat Creek Pass, 1 (MM); Flat + Creek-Gravel Creek divide, 2 (MM). + + _Lincoln Co._: La Barge Creek, near source, 9,000 ft., 1 (BS). + + _Fremont Co._: Togwotee Pass, 12 (FC); 12 mi. N and 3 mi. W + Shoshoni, 4,650 ft, 1; Mosquito Park R.S., 9,500 ft., 17-1/2 mi. W + and 2-1/2 mi. N Lander, 1; 17 mi. S and 6-1/2 mi. W Lander, 8,450 + ft., 3. + + _Sublette Co._: 31 mi. N Pinedale, 8,025 ft., 1; W side Barbara + Lake, 10,300 ft., 8 mi. S and 3 mi. W Fremont Peak, 4; 19 mi. W and + 2 mi. S Big Piney, 7,700 ft., 5. + + _Additional records_ (Howell 1929:95): _Park Co._: Near head of + Clark Fork; Whirlwind Peak near Pahaska, N Fork Shoshone River; + Valley, Shoshone Mountains; Needle Mountain. _Teton Co._: Teton + Mountains, S Moose Creek. _Lincoln Co._: Salt River Mountains. + _Sublette Co._: Gros Ventre Range, 12 mi. NW Kendall; Merna; 8 mi. + W Stanley; Big Sandy. _Fremont Co._: Jackey's Creek, 4 mi. SW + Dubois; Bull Lake, Wind River Mountains; Lake Fork, Wind River + Mountains; Fremont Peak. + + +Eutamias umbrinus montanus White + + _Eutamias umbrinus montanus_ White, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. + Hist. 5:576, December 1, 1953. + + _Type._--Male, adult, skull, skin, and baculum; 20105 (KU); from + 1/2 mi. E and 3 mi. S Ward, 9,400 ft., Boulder County, Colorado; + obtained on August 1, 1947, by E. L. Cockrum; original No. 721. + + _Diagnosis._--Size large; over-all tone of upper parts light; sides + light. + + _Description._--_Color pattern_: Crown Raw Sienna mixed with gray; + upper facial stripe and ocular stripe black mixed with Sepia; + submalar stripe Snuff-Brown mixed with black; ear black or Sepia; + anterior margin of ear Ochraceous Tawny; posterior margin of ear + and postauricular patch grayish white; hairs inside posterior part + of pinna Cinnamon Buff; median dorsal dark stripe black with Sayal + Brown along margins; lateral pair of dorsal dark stripes black + mixed with Sayal Brown; outermost pair of dorsal dark stripes Sayal + Brown mixed with black or sometimes lacking; median pair of dorsal + light stripes Pale Smoke Gray mixed with Clay Color; outer pair of + dorsal light stripes creamy white; sides Clay Color; rump and + thighs Neutral Gray; dorsal surface of tail black mixed with + Cinnamon Buff; ventral surface of tail Ochraceous Tawny, with black + along margin and Cinnamon Buff or Ochraceous Tawny along outermost + edge; antipalmar and antiplantar surfaces of feet Cinnamon Buff; + underparts creamy white with dark underfur. _Skull_: Large; + zygomata strong and arched; braincase well inflated. _Baculum_: + Broad at base; shaft tapers sharply to tip. + + _Comparisons._--For comparisons with _E. u. umbrinus_ and _E. u. + fremonti_, see the accounts of those subspecies. + +_Remarks._--Although in Wyoming this subspecies is known only from the +Medicine Bow Range, one would expect to find it occurring in the Snowy +Range and the Laramie Range as well, since there seems to be suitable +habitat for this subspecies in those mountain ranges. + + _Specimens examined._--Total number, 3. + + _Albany Co._: 8 mi. ESE Browns Peak, 10,000 ft., 2; 3-1/2 mi. S + Wood's Landing, 1. + + +REVIEW AND CONCLUSIONS + +_Eutamias minimus_ in Wyoming is divisible into two size-groups of +subspecies; the smaller size-group (_E. m. minimus_ and _E. m. +consobrinus_), which occurs in the western part of the State, is +significantly smaller, in measurements of the skull and baculum, than +the larger size-group (_E. m. pallidas_, _E. m. confinis_, _E. m. +silvaticus_, and _E. m. operarius_) which occurs in the eastern part of +the State. + +Although all the six subspecies of _E. minimus_ in Wyoming can be +differentiated from one another by color pattern, this species cannot +be divided, by means of color pattern, into two groups, comparable in +geographic range, to the two size-groups that were established above on +the basis of variations in the skull and baculum. + +Thus, the subspecies of _E. minimus_ are morphologically differentiated +at two distinct levels; one level is based on differences in the skull +and baculum, while the other is based on differences in color. + +Although there is considerable controversy concerning the glacial +chronology in the mountains of western North America (Flint +1947:302-303), it is generally agreed that in Wyoming, in Wisconsinan +time (the latest glacial age), glaciers covered a large part of the +Yellowstone-Teton-Wind River highlands, the Big Horn Mountains, the +southern part of the Laramie Range, the Medicine Bow Range, Sierra +Madre Range, and the northern foothills of the Uinta Mountains. With +this in mind, a possible explanation of the geographic variation in _E. +minimus_ of Wyoming, is here attempted. + +In Sangamonian time, _E. minimus_-like chipmunks occurred over most of +the region which is now Wyoming, and were divided into two size-groups, +much as _E. minimus_ is today. + +When permanent snow fields were formed in Wisconsinan time, these +chipmunks were restricted in their ranges, not, of course, occurring on +the glaciers. + +When the glaciers melted at the end of Wisconsinan time, new habitats +were thus "uncovered." The chipmunks which moved into these ice-free +areas, then, became adapted to the new habitats. This then accounts for +the subspeciation of _E. m. consobrinus_, _E. m. confinis_, and _E. m. +operarius_. + +The Black Hills were not covered by glaciers. In late Pleistocene time +these hills were probably of low relief. Subsequent differential +erosion produced relief sufficient to provide a different habitat. The +chipmunks that continued to occupy this area adapted themselves in +color to the new habitat and became _E. m. silvaticus_. + + +LITERATURE CITED + +CARY, M. + + 1917. Life zone investigations in Wyoming. N. Amer. Fauna, 42:1-96, + 15 pls., 17 figs. + +FLINT, R. F. + + 1947. Glacial geology and the Pleistocene Epoch. John Wiley and + Sons, New York, pp. xviii + 589, 88 figs., 27 tables, 6 pls. + +HALL, E. R. + + 1926. Changes during growth in the skull of the rodent + Otospermophilus grammurus beecheyi. Univ. California Publ. Zool., + 21:355-404, 43 figs., March 9. + + 1946. Mammals of Nevada. Univ. California Press, Berkeley, + California, pp. xi + 710, 11 pls., 485 figs., July 1. + +HOWELL, A. H. + + 1929. Revision of the American chipmunks (genera _Tamias_ and + _Eutamias_). N. Amer. Fauna, 52:1-157, 10 pls., 9 maps, November + 30. + +JOHNSON, D. H. + + 1943. Systematic review of the chipmunks (genus Eutamias) of + California. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 48:63-148, 1 pl., 12 + figs., December 24. + +LARRISON, E. J. + + 1949. Variation in the chipmunks of west-central Washington. + Murrelet, 29:34-43, 1 map, March 1. + +SHAW, W. T. + + 1944. Brood nests and young of two western chipmunks in the Olympic + Mountains of Washington. Jour. Mamm., 25:274-284, 1 pl., 4 figs., + September 8. + +WHITE, J. A. + + 1953. Taxonomy of the chipmunks, Eutamias quadrivittatus and + Eutamias umbrinus. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:563-582, + 6 figs. in text, December 1. + + +_Transmitted June 26, 1953._ + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Geographic Distribution and Taxonomy +of the Chipmunks of Wyoming, by John A. 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