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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Proposal for the Better Supplying of
+Churches in Our Foreign Plantations, and for Converting the Savage Americans to Christianity, by George Berkeley
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Proposal for the Better Supplying of Churches in Our Foreign Plantations, and for Converting the Savage Americans to Christianity
+
+Author: George Berkeley
+
+Release Date: March 31, 2010 [EBook #31848]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BETTER SUPPLYING OF CHURCHES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by The Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Archive/American
+Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+A
+
+PROPOSAL
+
+For the better Supplying of
+
+CHURCHES
+
+IN OUR
+
+_Foreign Plantations_,
+
+AND FOR
+
+Converting the Savage _Americans_
+to CHRISTIANITY,
+
+By a COLLEGE to be erected in the
+_Summer Islands_, otherwise called the
+Isles of _Bermuda_.
+
+
+_The harvest is truly great, but the labourers are few_, Luke c.
+10. v. 2.
+
+
+_LONDON_,
+
+Printed by H. WOODFALL, at _Elzevir's-Head_ without
+_Temple-Bar_: And sold by J. ROBERTS, near the
+_Oxford-Arms_ in _Warwick-Lane_, 1725. (Price Sixpence.)
+
+
+
+
+_A PROPOSAL for the better Supplying of Churches in our foreign
+Plantations, &c._
+
+
+Although there are several excellent persons of the church of England,
+whose good intentions and endeavours have not been wanting to propagate
+the gospel in foreign parts, who have even combined into societies for
+that very purpose, and given great encouragement, not only for English
+missionaries in the West-Indies, but also, for the reformed of other
+nations, led by their example, to propagate christianity in the East:
+It is nevertheless acknowledged, that there is at this day, but little
+sense of religion, and a most notorious corruption of manners, in the
+English colonies settled on the continent of America, and the islands.
+It is also acknowledged, that the gospel hath hitherto made but a very
+inconsiderable progress among the neighbouring Americans, who still
+continue in much-what the same ignorance and barbarism, in which we
+found them above a hundred years ago.
+
+I shall therefore venture to submit my thoughts upon a point, that I
+have long consider'd, to better judgments, in hopes that any expedient
+will be favourably hearkned to, which is proposed for the remedy of
+these evils. Now in order to effect this, it should seem the natural
+proper method, to provide, in the first place, a constant supply of
+worthy clergy-men for the English churches in those parts; and in the
+second place, a like constant supply of zealous missionaries well
+fitted for propagating Christianity among the savages.
+
+For though the surest means to reform the morals, and soften the
+behaviour of men, be, to preach to them the pure uncorrupt doctrine of
+the gospel, yet it cannot be denied that the success of preaching
+dependeth in good measure on the character and skill of the preacher:
+Forasmuch as mankind are more apt to copy characters than to practise
+precepts, and forasmuch as argument, to attain its full strength, doth
+not less require the life of zeal, than the weight of reason; and the
+same doctrine, which maketh great impression, when delivered with
+decency and address, loseth very much of its force by passing through
+aukward or unskilful hands.
+
+Now the clergy sent over to America have proved, too many of them, very
+meanly qualified both in learning and morals for the discharge of their
+office. And indeed little can be expected from the example or
+instruction of those, who quit their native country on no other motive,
+than that they are not able to procure a livelihood in it, which is
+known to be often the case.
+
+To this may be imputed the small care that hath been taken to convert
+the negroes of our plantations, who, to the infamy of England, and
+scandal of the world, continue Heathen under Christian masters, and in
+Christian countries. Which cou'd never be, if our planters were rightly
+instructed and made sensible, that they disappointed their own baptism
+by denying it to those who belong to them: That it would be of
+advantage to their affairs, to have slaves who should _obey in all
+things their masters according to the flesh, not with eye-service as
+men-pleasers, but, in singleness of heart as fearing God_: That gospel
+liberty consists with temporal servitude: and that their slaves would
+only become better slaves by being Christian.
+
+And though it be allowed that some of the clergy in our colonies have
+approved themselves men of merit, it will at the same time be allowed,
+that the most zealous and able missionary from England must find
+himself but ill qualified for converting the American Heathen, if we
+consider the difference of language, their wild way of living, and
+above all, the great jealousy and prejudice which savage nations have
+towards foreigners, or innovations introduced by them.
+
+These considerations make it evident, that a college or seminary in
+those parts is very much wanted; and therefore the providing such a
+seminary, is earnestly proposed and recommended to all those, who have
+it in their power, to contribute to so good a work. By this, two ends
+would be obtained.
+
+First, the youth of our English plantations might be themselves fitted
+for the ministry; and men of merit would be then glad to fill the
+churches of their native country, which are now a drain for the very
+dregs and refuse of ours.
+
+At present, there are, I am told, many churches vacant in our
+plantations, and many very ill supplied; nor can all the vigilance and
+wisdom of that great prelate, whose peculiar care it is, prevent this,
+so long as the aforesaid churches are supplied from England.
+
+And supplied they must be, with such as can be pick'd up in England or
+Ireland, till a nursery of learning for the education of the natives is
+founded. This indeed might provide a constant succession of learned and
+exemplary pastors; and what effect this must be supposed to have on
+their flocks, I need not say.
+
+Secondly, the children of savage Americans, brought up in such a
+seminary, and well instructed in religion and learning, might make the
+ablest and properest missionaries for spreading the gospel among their
+countrymen; who would be less apt to suspect, and readier to embrace a
+doctrine recommended by neighbours or relations, men of their own blood
+and language, than if it were proposed by foreigners, who would not
+improbably be thought to have designs on the liberty or property of
+their converts.
+
+The young Americans necessary for this purpose, may, in the beginning
+be procured, either by peaceable methods from those savage nations,
+which border on our colonies, and are in friendship with us, or by
+taking captive the children of our enemies.
+
+It is proposed to admit into the aforesaid college only such savages as
+are under ten years of age, before evil habits have taken a deep root;
+and yet not so early as to prevent retaining their mother tongue, which
+should be preserved by intercourse among themselves.
+
+It is further proposed, to ground these young Americans thoroughly in
+religion and morality, and to give them a good tincture of other
+learning; particularly of eloquence, history, and practical
+mathematicks: to which it may not be improper to add some skill in
+physick.
+
+If there were a yearly supply of ten or a dozen such missionaries sent
+abroad into their respective countries, after they had received the
+degree of master of arts in the aforesaid college, and holy orders in
+England, (till such time as episcopacy be established in those parts)
+it is hardly to be doubted, but, in a little time the world would see
+good and great effects thereof.
+
+For, to any considering man, the employing American missionaries for
+the conversion of America, will, of all others, appear the most likely
+method to succeed; especially if care be taken, that, during the whole
+course of their education, an eye should be had to their mission; that
+they should be taught betimes to consider themselves as trained up in
+that sole view, without any other prospect of provision, or employment;
+that a zeal for religion, and love of their country, should be early
+and constantly instilled into their minds, by repeated lectures and
+admonitions; that they should not only be incited by the common topics
+of religion and nature, but farther animated and enflamed by the great
+examples, in past ages, of publick spirit and virtue, to rescue their
+countrymen from their savage manners, to a life of civility and
+religion.
+
+If his majesty would graciously please to grant a charter for a college
+to be erected in a proper place for these uses, it is to be hoped a
+fund may be soon raised, by the contribution of well-disposed persons,
+sufficient for building and endowing the same. For as the necessary
+expence would be small, so there are men of religion and humanity in
+England, who would be pleased to see any design set forward for the
+glory of God and the good of mankind.
+
+A small expence would suffice to subsist and educate the American
+missionaries in a plain simple manner, such as might make it easy for
+them to return to the coarse and poor methods of life in use among
+their countrymen; and nothing can contribute more to lessen this
+expence, than a judicious choice of the situation, where the seminary
+is to stand.
+
+Many things ought to be considered in the choice of a situation. It
+should be in a good air; in a place where provisions are cheap and
+plenty; where an intercourse might easily be kept up with all parts of
+America and the islands; in a place of security, not exposed to the
+insults of pyrates, savages, or other enemies; where there is no great
+trade, which might tempt the readers or fellows of the college to
+become merchants, to the neglect of their proper business; where there
+are neither riches nor luxury to divert, or lessen their application,
+or to make them uneasy and dissatisfied with a homely frugal
+subsistence: lastly, where the inhabitants, if such a place may be
+found, are noted for innocence and simplicity of manners. I need not
+say of how great importance this point would be toward forming the
+morals of young students, and what mighty influence it must have on the
+mission.
+
+It is evident the college long since projected in Barbadoes would be
+defective in many of these particulars; for though it may have its use
+among the inhabitants, yet a place of so high trade, so much wealth and
+luxury, and such dissolute morals, (not to mention the great price and
+scarcity of provisions;) must at first light seem a very improper
+situation for a general seminary intended for the forming missionaries,
+and educating youth in religion and sobriety of manners. The same
+objections lie against the neighbouring islands.
+
+And if we consider the accounts given of their avarice and
+licentiousness, their coldness in the practice of religion, and their
+aversion from propagating it, (which appears in the withholding their
+slaves from baptism) it is to be feared, that the inhabitants in the
+populous parts of our plantations on the continent are not much fitter,
+than those in the islands above mentioned, to influence or assist such
+a design. And as to the more remote and less frequented parts, the
+difficulty of being supplied with necessaries, the danger of being
+exposed to the inroads of savages, and above all, the want of
+intercourse with other places, render them improper situations for a
+seminary of religion and learning.
+
+It will not be amiss to insert here an observation, I remember to have
+seen in an abstract of the proceedings, &c. annexed to the Dean of
+Canterbury's sermon, before the society for the propagation of the
+gospel in foreign parts; that the savage Indians, who live on the
+continent, will not suffer their children to learn English or Dutch,
+lest they should be debauched by conversing with their European
+neighbours: which is a melancholy, but strong confirmation of the truth
+of what hath been now advanced.
+
+A general intercourse and correspondence with all the English colonies,
+both on the islands and the continent, and with other parts of America,
+hath been before laid down, as a necessary circumstance, the reason
+whereof is very evident. But this circumstance is hardly to be found.
+For on the continent, where there are neither inns, nor carriages, nor
+bridges over the rivers, there is no travelling by land between distant
+places. And the English settlements are reputed to extend along the
+sea-coast for the space of fifteen hundred miles. It is therefore
+plain, there can be no convenient communication between them, otherwise
+than by sea; no advantage therefore, in this point, can be gained by
+settling on the continent.
+
+There is another consideration, which equally regards the continent and
+islands, that the general course of trade and correspondence lies from
+all those colonies to Great Britain alone: Whereas, for our present
+purpose, it would be necessary to pitch upon a place, if such could be
+found, which maintains a constant intercourse with all the other
+colonies, and whose commerce lies chiefly or altogether (not in Europe,
+but) in America.
+
+There is but one spot that I can find, to which this circumstance
+agrees: and that is the isles of Bermuda, otherwise called the Summer
+Islands. These having no rich commodity or manufacture, such as sugar,
+tobacco, or the like, wherewithal to trade to England, are obliged to
+become carriers for America, as the Dutch are for Europe. The Bermudans
+are excellent shipwrights and sailors, and have a great number of very
+good sloops, which are always passing and repassing from all parts of
+America. They drive a constant trade to the islands of Jamaica,
+Barbadoes, Antego, &c. with butter, onions, cabbages, and other roots
+and vegetables, which they have in great plenty and perfection. They
+have also some small manufactures of joyner's work and matting, which
+they export to the plantations on the continent. Hence Bermudan sloops
+are oftener seen in the ports of America, than any other. And indeed,
+by the best information I could get, it appears they are the only
+people of all the British plantations, who hold a general
+correspondence with the rest.
+
+And, as the commerce of Bermuda renders it a very fit place, wherein to
+erect a seminary, so likewise doth its situation, it being placed
+between our plantations on the continent, and those in the isles, so as
+equally to respect both. To which may be added, that it lies in the way
+of vessels passing from America to Great Britain; all which makes it
+plain, that the youth, to be educated in a seminary placed in the
+Summer Islands, would have frequent opportunities of going thither and
+corresponding with their friends. It must indeed be owned, that some
+will be obliged to go a long way to any one place, which we suppose
+resorted to, from all parts of our plantations; but if we were to look
+out a spot the nearest approaching to an equal distance from all the
+rest, I believe it Would be found to be Bermuda. It remains, that we
+see whether it enjoys the other qualities or conditions laid down as
+well as this.
+
+The Summer Islands are situated near the latitude of thirty-three
+degrees; no part of the world enjoys a purer air, or a more temperate
+climate, the great ocean which environs them, at once moderating the
+heat of the south winds, and the severity of the north-west. Such a
+latitude on the continent might be thought too hot; but the air in
+Bermuda is perpetually fanned and kept cool by sea breezes, which
+render the weather the most healthy and delightful that could be
+wished, being, (as is affirmed by persons who have long lived there) of
+one equal tenour almost throughout the whole year, like the latter-end
+of a fine May; insomuch that it is resorted to as the Montpelier of
+America.
+
+Nor are these isles (if we may believe the accounts given of them) less
+remarkable for plenty than for health; there being, besides beef,
+mutton, and fowl, great abundance of fruits, and garden-stuff of all
+kinds in perfection: To this, if we add the great plenty and variety of
+fish, which is every day taken on their coasts, it would seem, that a
+seminary could no where be supplied with better provisions, or cheaper
+than here.
+
+About forty years ago, upon cutting down many tall cedars, that
+sheltered their orange-trees from the north west-wind (which sometimes
+blows, even there, so as to affect that delicate plant) great part of
+their orange plantations suffered; but other cedars are since grown up,
+and no doubt a little industry would again produce as great plenty of
+oranges, as ever was there heretofore. I mention this, because some
+have inferred from the present scarcity of that fruit, for which
+Bermuda was once so famous, that there hath been a change in the soil
+and climate for the worse. But this, as hath been observed, proceeded
+from another cause, which is now in great measure taken away.
+
+Bermuda is a cluster of small islands, which lie in a very narrow
+compass, containing, in all, not quite twenty thousand acres. This
+groupe of isles is (to use Mr. Waller's expression) walled round with
+rocks, which render them inaccessible to pyrates, or enemies; there
+being but two narrow entrances, both well guarded by forts. It would
+therefore be impossible to find any where, a more secure retreat for
+students.
+
+The trade of Bermuda consists only in garden-stuff, and some poor
+manufactures, principally of cedar and the palmetto-leaf. Bermuda hats
+are worn by our ladies: They are made of a sort of mat, or (as they
+call it) platting made of the palmetto leaf, which is the only
+commodity that I can find exported from Bermuda to Great Britain; and
+as there is no prospect of making a fortune by this small trade, so it
+cannot be supposed to tempt the fellows of the college to engage in it,
+to the neglect of their peculiar business, which might possibly be the
+case elsewhere.
+
+Such as their trade is, such is their wealth; the inhabitants being
+much poorer than the other colonies, who do not fail to despise them
+upon that account. But if they have less wealth, they have withal less
+vice and expensive folly than their neighbours. They are represented as
+a contented, plain, innocent sort of people, free from avarice and
+luxury, as well as the other corruptions that attend those vices.
+
+I am also informed, that they are more constant attendants on divine
+service, more kind and respectful to their pastor (when they have one)
+and shew much more humanity to their slaves, and charity to one
+another, than is observed among the English in the other plantations:
+one reason of this may be, that condemned criminals, being employed in
+the manufactures of sugar and tobacco, were never transported thither.
+But, whatever be the cause, the facts are attested by a Clergyman of
+good credit, who lived long among them.
+
+Among a people of this character, and in a situation thus
+circumstantiated, it would seem that a seminary of religion and
+learning might very fitly be placed. The correspondence with other
+parts of America, the goodness of the air, the plenty and security of
+the place, the frugality and innocence of the inhabitants, all
+conspiring to favour such a design. Thus much at least is evident, that
+young students would be there less liable to be corrupted in their
+morals; and the governing part would be easier, and better contented
+with a small stipend, and a retired academical life, in a corner from
+whence avarice and luxury are excluded, than they can be supposed to be
+in the midst of a full trade and great riches, attended with all that
+high living and parade which our planters affect, and which, as well as
+all fashionable vices, should be far removed from the eyes of the young
+American missionaries, who are to lead a life of poverty and
+self-denial among their countrymen.
+
+After all, it must be acknowledged, that though every thing else should
+concur with our wishes, yet if a set of good governors and teachers be
+wanting, who are acquainted with the methods of education, and have the
+zeal and ability requisite for carrying on a design of this nature, it
+would certainly come to nothing.
+
+An institution of this kind should be set on foot by men of prudence,
+spirit, and zeal, as well as competent learning, who should be led to
+it by other motives than the necessity of picking up a maintenance. For
+upon this view, what man of merit can be supposed to quit his native
+country, and take up with a poor college-subsistence in another part of
+the world, where there are so many considerable parishes actually void,
+and so many others ill supplied for want of fitting incumbents? Is it
+likely, that fellowships of fifty or sixty pounds a year should tempt
+abler or worthier men, than benefices of many times their value?
+
+And except able and worthy men do first engage in this affair, with a
+resolution to exert themselves in forming the manners of the youth, and
+giving them a proper education, it is evident the mission and the
+college will be but in a very bad way. This inconvenience seems the
+most difficult to provide against, and, if not provided against, it
+will be the most likely to obstruct any design of this nature. So true
+it is, that where ignorance or ill manners once take place in a
+seminary, they are sure to be handed down in a succession of illiterate
+or worthless men.
+
+But this apprehension, which seems so well grounded, that a college in
+any part of America would either lie unprovided, or be worse provided
+than their churches are, hath no place in Bermuda; there being at this
+time several gentlemen in all respects very well qualified, and in
+possession of good preferments, and fair prospects at home, who having
+seriously considered the great benefit that may arise to the church and
+to mankind from such an undertaking, are ready to engage in it, and to
+dedicate the remainder of their lives to the instructing the youth of
+America, and prosecuting their own studies upon a very moderate
+subsistence in a retirement, so sweet, and so secure, and every way so
+well fitted for a place of education, and study, as Bermuda.
+
+Thus much the writer hereof thought himself obliged to say of his
+associates: for himself, he can only say, that as he values no
+preferment upon earth, so much as that of being employed in the
+execution of this design; so he hopes to make up for other defects, by
+his industry and zeal.
+
+In Europe, the protestant religion hath of late years considerably lost
+ground, and America seems the likeliest place, wherein to make up for
+what hath been lost in Europe, provided the proper methods are taken:
+Otherwise the Spanish missionaries in the South, and the French in the
+North, are making such a progress, as may one day spread the religion
+of Rome, and with it the usual hatred to protestants, throughout all
+the savage nations in America; which would probably end in the utter
+extirpation of our colonies, on the safety whereof depends so much of
+the nation's wealth, and so considerable a branch of his majesty's
+revenue.
+
+But if this scheme were pursued, it would in all probability have much
+greater influence on the Americans, than the utmost endeavours of
+popish emissaries can possibly have; who from the difference of
+country, language and interest, must lie under far greater difficulties
+and discouragements than those, whom we suppose yearly sent out from
+Bermuda to preach among their countrymen.
+
+It cannot indeed be denied, that the great number of poor regulars,
+inured to hard living, and brought up in an implicit obedience to their
+superiors, hath hitherto given the church of Rome, in regard to her
+missions, great advantage over the reformed churches. But from what
+hath been said, it is, I think, evident, that this advantage may be
+over-ballanced by our employing American missionaries.
+
+Nor is the honour of the crown, nation, and church of England
+unconcerned in this scheme; which, it is to be hoped, will remove the
+reproach, we have so long lain under, that we fall as far short of our
+neighbours of the Romish communion in zeal for propagating religion, as
+we surpass them in the soundness and purity of it. And at the same
+time, that the doing what may be so easily done, takes away our
+reproach; it will cast no small lustre on his majesty's reign, and
+derive a blessing from heaven on his administration, and those who live
+under the influence thereof.
+
+Men of narrow minds have a peculiar talent at objection, being never at
+a loss for something to say against whatsoever is not of their own
+proposing. And perhaps, it will be said in opposition to this proposal,
+that if we thought ourselves capable of gaining converts to the church,
+we ought to begin with infidels, papists, and dissenters of all
+denominations at home, and to make proselytes of these before we think
+of foreigners; and that therefore our scheme is against duty. And
+further, that considering the great opposition, which is found on the
+part of those who differ from us at home, no success can be expected
+among savages abroad, and that therefore it is against reason and
+experience.
+
+In answer to this I say, that religion like light is imparted without
+being diminished. That whatever is done abroad, can be no hindrance or
+lett to the conversion of infidels or others at home. That those who
+engage in this affair, imagine they will not be missed, where there is
+no want of schools or clergy; but that they may be of singular service
+in countries but thinly supplied with either, or altogether deprived of
+both: That our colonies being of the same blood, language, and religion
+with ourselves, are in effect our countrymen. But that christian
+charity, not being limited by those regards, doth extend to all
+mankind. And this may serve for an answer to the first point, that our
+design is against duty.
+
+To the second point I answer; That ignorance is not so incurable as
+error; that you must pull down as well as build, erase as well as
+imprint, in order to make proselytes at home: Whereas, the savage
+Americans, if they are in a state purely natural, and unimproved by
+education, they are also unincumbred with all that rubbish of
+superstition and prejudice, which is the effect of a wrong one. As they
+are less instructed, they are withal less conceited, and more
+teachable. And not being violently attached to any false system of
+their own, are so much the fitter to receive that which is true. Hence
+it is evident, that success abroad ought not to be measured by that
+which we observe at home, and that the inference, which was made from
+the difficulty of the one to the impossibility of the other, is
+altogether groundless.
+
+It hath more the appearance of reason to object (what will possibly be
+objected by some) that this scheme hath been already tried to no
+purpose, several Indians having returned to their savage manners after
+they had been taught to write and read, and instructed in the Christian
+religion; a clear proof that their natural stupidity is not to be
+overcome by education.
+
+In answer to this, I say, that the scheme now proposed hath never been
+tried, forasmuch as a thorough education in religion and morality, in
+divine and humane learning, doth not appear to have been ever given to
+any savage American; that much is to be hoped from a man ripe in years,
+and well grounded in religion and useful knowledge, while little or
+nothing can be expected from a youth but slightly instructed in the
+elements of either: that from the miscarriage or gross stupidity of
+some, a general incapacity of all Americans cannot be fairly inferred:
+that they shew as much natural sense as other uncultivated nations:
+that the empires of Mexico and Peru were evident proofs of their
+capacity, in which there appeared a reach of politics, and a degree of
+art and politeness, which no European people were ever known to have
+arrived at without the use of letters or of iron, and which some
+perhaps have fallen short of with both those advantages.
+
+To what hath been said, it may not be improper to add, that young
+Americans, educated in an island at some distance from their own
+country, will more easily be kept under discipline till they have
+attained a compleat education, than on the continent; where they might
+find opportunities of running away to their countrymen, and returning
+to their brutal customs, before they were thoroughly imbued with good
+principles and habits.
+
+It must nevertheless be acknowledged a difficult attempt, to plant
+religion among the Americans, so long as they continue their wild and
+roving life. He who is obliged to hunt for his daily food, will have
+little curiosity or leisure to receive instruction. It would seem
+therefore the right way, to introduce religion and civil life at the
+same time into that part of the world: either attempt will assist and
+promote the other. Those therefore of the young savages, who upon trial
+are found less likely to improve by academical studies, may be taught
+agriculture, or the most necessary trades. And when husband-men,
+weavers, carpenters, and the like, have planted those useful arts among
+their savage country-men, and taught them to live in settled
+habitations, to canton out their land and till it, to provide vegetable
+food of all kinds, to preserve flocks and herds of cattle, to make
+convenient houses, and to cloath themselves decently: This will assist
+the spreading of the gospel among them; this will dispose them to
+social vertues, and enable them to see and to feel the advantages of a
+religious and civil education.
+
+And that this view of propagating the gospel and civil life among the
+savage nations of America, was a principal motive which induced the
+crown to send the first English colonies thither, doth appear from the
+charter granted by King James I. to the adventurers in Virginia. _See
+Purchas's pilgrims, part 4. b. 9. c.i._ And it is now but just (what
+might then seem charitable) that these poor creatures should receive
+some advantage with respect to their spiritual interests, from those
+who have so much improved their temporal by settling among them.
+
+It is most true, notwithstanding our present corruptions, that there
+are to be found in no country under the sun men of better inclinations,
+or greater abilities for doing good than in England. But it is as true,
+that success, in many cases, dependeth not upon zeal, industry, wealth,
+learning, or the like faculties, so much as on the method, wherein
+these are applied. We often see a small proportion of labour and
+expence in one way, bring that about, which in others a much greater
+share of both could never effect. It hath been my endeavour to discover
+this way or method in the present case. What hath been done, I submit
+to the judgment of all good and reasonable men; who, I am persuaded,
+will never reject or discourage a proposal of this nature on the score
+of slight objections, surmises, or difficulties, and thereby render
+themselves chargeable with the having prevented those good effects,
+which might otherwise have been produced by it.
+
+For it is, after all, possible, that unforeseen difficulties may arise
+in the prosecution of this design, many things may retard, and many
+things may threaten to obstruct it; but there is hardly any enterprize
+or scheme whatsoever for the publick good, in which difficulties are
+not often shewing themselves, and as often overcome by the blessing of
+God, upon the prudence and resolution of the undertakers: though, for
+ought that appears, the present scheme is as likely to succeed, and
+attended with as few difficulties, as any of this kind can possibly be.
+
+For to any man, who considers the divine power of religion, the innate
+force of reason and virtue, and the mighty effects often wrought by the
+constant regular operation even of a weak and small cause; it will seem
+natural and reasonable to suppose, that rivulets perpetually issuing
+forth from a fountain, or reservoir, of learning and religion, and
+streaming through all parts of America, must in due time have a great
+effect, in purging away the ill manners and irreligion of our colonies,
+as well as the blindness and barbarity of the nations round them:
+Especially, if the reservoir be in a clean and private place, where its
+waters, out of the way of any thing that may corrupt them, remain clear
+and pure; otherwise they are more likely to pollute than purify the
+places through which they flow.
+
+The greatness of a benefaction is rather in proportion to the number
+and want of the receivers, than to the liberality of the giver. A wise
+and good man would therefore be frugal in the management of his
+charity; that is, contrive it so as that it might extend to the
+greatest wants of the greatest number of his fellow-creatures. Now the
+greatest wants are spiritual wants, and by all accounts these are no
+where greater than in our western plantations, in many parts whereof
+divine service is never performed for want of clergy-men; in others,
+after such a manner and by such hands as scandalize even the worst of
+their own parishioners: where many English, instead of gaining
+converts, are themselves degenerated into Heathen, being members of no
+church, without morals, without faith, without baptism. There can be
+therefore, in no part of the Christian world, a greater want of
+spiritual things than in our plantations.
+
+And, on the other hand, no part of the Gentile world are so inhumane
+and barbarous as the savage Americans, whose chief employment and
+delight consisting in cruelty and revenge, their lives must of all
+others be most opposite as well to the light of nature, as to the
+spirit of the Gospel. Now to reclaim these poor wretches, to prevent
+the many torments and cruel deaths which they daily inflict on each
+other, to contribute in any sort to put a stop to the numberless horrid
+crimes which they commit without remorse, and instead thereof to
+introduce the practice of vertue and piety must surely be a work in the
+highest degree becoming every sincere and charitable Christian.
+
+Those, who wish well to religion and mankind, will need no other motive
+to forward an undertaking calculated for the service of both: I shall,
+nevertheless, beg leave to observe, that whoever would be glad to cover
+a multitude of sins by an extensive and well judged charity, or
+whoever, from an excellent and godlike temper of mind, seeks
+opportunities of doing good in his generation, will be pleased to meet
+with a scheme that so peculiarly puts it in his power, with small
+trouble or expence to procure a great and lasting benefit to the world.
+
+Ten pounds a year, would (if I mistake not) be sufficient to defray the
+expence of a young American in the college of Bermuda, as to dyet,
+lodging, clothes, books, and education: And if so, the interest of two
+hundred pounds may be a perpetual fund for maintaining one missionary
+at the college for ever; and in this succession, many, it is to be
+hoped, may become powerful instruments for converting to Christianity
+and civil life whole nations, who now sit in darkness and the shadow of
+death, and whose cruel brutal manners are a disgrace to humane nature.
+
+A benefaction of this kind seems to enlarge the very being of a man,
+extending it to distant places and to future times; inasmuch as unseen
+countries, and after ages, may feel the effects of his bounty, while he
+himself reaps the reward in the blessed society of all those, who,
+_having turned many to righteousness, shine as the stars for ever and
+ever_.
+
+                     *      *      *      *      *
+
+P.S.
+
+_Since the foregoing proposal was first made publick, His MAJESTY hath
+been graciously pleased to grant a charter for erecting a college by
+the name of St. PAUL's college in Bermuda, for the uses abovementioned.
+Which college is to contain a president and nine fellows. The first
+president appointed by charter is George Berkeley, D.D. and Dean of
+Derry. The three fellows named in the charter, are William Thompson,
+Jonathan Rogers, and James King, Masters of Arts and Fellows of Trinity
+College near Dublin. The nomination of a_ _president is reserved to the
+Crown. The election of fellows is vested in the president and the
+majority of the fellows; as is likewise the government of the society.
+The Lord Bishop of London for the time being is appointed visitor: and
+such of His MAJESTY's principal Secretaries of State for the time being
+as hath America in his province, is appointed chancellor of the said
+college. The president and fellows have the power of making statutes to
+be approved by the visitor: they have also the power of conferring
+degrees in all faculties. They are obliged to maintain and educate
+Indian scholars at the rate of ten pounds per Annum for each. They are
+obliged to transmit annual accounts of the state of the college, number
+of students, their progress, &c. to the chancellor and visitor. The
+aforesaid president and fellows are licensed to hold their preferments
+in these kingdoms till one year and a half be expired after their
+arrival in Bermuda. This society is incorporated with the usual
+clauses, hath power to receive benefactions, purchase lands, keep a
+common seal, &c. Lastly, all in office under His MAJESTY, are required
+to be aiding and assisting to the protection and preservation thereof._
+
+_As this college is proposed to be built and endowed by charitable
+contributions and subscriptions, all well-disposed persons, whether of
+the laity or the clergy, are desired to assist, as opportunity shall
+offer, in forwarding and collecting the same without loss of time; to
+the end that the President and Fellows may be able to set out for
+Bermuda in next spring; which is proposed, in case provision can be
+made by that time of sixty pounds per Annum for each: And it is hoped
+that the charity and zeal of sincere Christians will not suffer a
+design of this nature to be disappointed for want of necessary
+provision. The contributions and subscriptions aforesaid, may be
+deposited in the hands of any of the persons hereafter named._
+
+John           Arbuthnot M.D. in Corke-street.
+
+Revd. Martin   Benson, arch-deacon of Berks, and prebendary of Durham,
+               in Albemarle-street.
+
+Francis        Child Esq; Banker in Fleet-street, and Alderman of the
+               city of London.
+
+Revd. Dr.      Cobden, chaplain to the L. Bp of London, at Fulham.
+
+Sir Clement    Cotterel Bart. in Dover-street.
+
+Sir Thomas     Crosse Kt. in Westminster.
+
+Sir Daniel     Dolins Kt. at Hackney.
+
+Thomas         Green Esq; in Westminster.
+
+Revd. Mr.      Hargrave, chaplain to his Grace the Duke of Newcastle,
+               and prebendary of Westminster.
+
+Edward         Harley Esq; auditor of the Imprests in Lincoln's-Inn.
+
+Benj. & Henry  Hoare Esquires, Bankers in Fleet-street.
+
+Archibald      Hutcheson Esq; in James-street, near Golden-square.
+
+Revd. Dr.      King, master of the charter-house, and first chaplain to
+               the Lord Chancellor.
+
+Revd. Dr.      Lisle, rector of Bow, and chaplain to his Grace the A.B.
+               of Canterbury.
+
+Revd. Dr.      Lupton, prebendary of Durham, and preacher at
+               Lincoln's-Inn.
+
+Revd. Dr.      Marshal, rector of Foster-lane, and prebendary of
+               Windsor.
+
+Revd. Dr.      Mayo, Treasurer to the Society for promoting Christian
+               Knowledge, at St. Thomas's Hospital in Southwark.
+
+Revd. Dr.      Moss, Dean of Ely, and preacher at Gray's-Inn.
+
+Revd. Dr.      Pelling, rector of St. Ann's Soho, and prebendary of
+               Windsor.
+
+Revd. Dr.      Pierce, vicar of St. Martin's in the Fields.
+
+Hon. Augustus  Schutz Esq; Master of the Wardrobe to his Royal
+               Highness.
+
+Revd. Dr.      Sherlock, Dean of Chichester, and Master of the Temple.
+
+Sir William    Wentworth Bart. in Clarges-street, or in York.
+
+_The money received by these Gentlemen is to be laid out in
+purchasing lands or perpetual annuities for endowment of the College
+aforesaid, and in building and providing necessaries for the same, by
+order or with the approbation of_
+
+    His Grace William Lord Arch-Bishop of Canterbury.
+
+    The Right Honourable Peter Lord King, High Chancellor of Great
+    Britain.
+
+    His Grace Thomas Duke of Newcastle, Principal Secretary of State
+    for the Plantations in America, &c.
+
+    The Right Reverend Edmund Lord Bishop of London.
+
+_Who have been pleased to accept the Office of Trustees or Overseers of
+so useful a charity._
+
+_N.B. Till such time as the contributions and subscriptions amount to a
+sum sufficient for providing five persons with the above-mentioned
+salaries of sixty pounds per Annum, the subscribers shall not be
+desired to pay in their money._
+
+
+_FINIS._
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Proposal for the Better Supplying of
+Churches in Our Foreign Plantations, and for Converting the Savage Americans to Christianity, by George Berkeley
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