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Knox Jones, Jr. and Ticul Alvarez and M. Raymond Lee + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Noteworthy Mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico + +Author: J. Knox Jones, Jr. + Ticul Alvarez + M. Raymond Lee + +Release Date: March 18, 2010 [EBook #31683] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAMMALS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Simon Gardner and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History</span></p> + +<p class="center">Volume 14, No. 12, pp. 145-159, 1 fig. in text</p> + +<p class="center">May 18, 1962</p> + + + + +<h1>Noteworthy Mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico</h1> + +<h2> J. KNOX JONES, JR., TICUL ALVAREZ, AND M. RAYMOND LEE</h2> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Lawrence</span> +<br /> +1962</p> + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span></p> + +<p class="center">Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, +Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.</p> + +<p class="center">Volume 14, No. 12, pp. 145-159, 1 fig. in text +<br /> +Published May 18, 1962</p> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span> +<br /> +Lawrence, Kansas</p> + +<p class="center">PRINTED BY +<br /> +JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER +<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS</p> + +<p class="center">1962</p> + +<p class="center">29-3000 +</p> + + + +<h3>Noteworthy Mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico</h3> + +<p class="center">BY</p> + +<h4>J. KNOX JONES, JR., TICUL ALVAREZ, and M. RAYMOND LEE</h4> + + +<p>In several of the past twelve years field parties from the Museum +of Natural History have collected mammals in the Mexican state of +Sinaloa. Most of the collections contained only a modest number +of specimens because they were made by groups that stopped for +short periods on their way to or from other areas, but several collections +are extensive. Field work by representatives of this institution +now is underway in Sinaloa with the aim of acquiring materials +suitable for treating the entire mammalian fauna of that state.</p> + +<p>Among the mammals thus far obtained are specimens of twenty +species that represent significant extensions of known range, are of +especial taxonomic or zoogeographic interest, or that complement +published information, and it is these records that are reported +herein.</p> + +<p>The following persons obtained specimens mentioned beyond: +J. R. Alcorn (1950); J. R. and A. A. Alcorn (1954 and 1955); R. H. +Baker and a party of students (1955); W. L. Cutter (1957); S. Anderson +and a party of students (1959); M. R. Lee (1960 and 1961); +and J. K. Jones, Jr., accompanied by R. R. Patterson and R. G. +Webb (1961). The Kansas University Endowment Association and +the American Heart Association provided funds that helped to defray +the cost of field operations.</p> + +<p>In the accounts that follow, all measurements are in millimeters +and all catalogue numbers refer to the mammal collection of the +Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas. Placenames +associated with specimens examined are indicated on the +accompanying map (<a href="#fig_1">Fig. 1</a>).</p> + +<p><i>Notiosorex crawfordi</i> (Coues).—A non-pregnant female (75184) +was obtained on November 29, 1957, at El Fuerte by W. L. +Cutter. Comparison of this specimen with topotypes of <i>N. evotis</i> +(see below) and with undoubted examples of <i>N. crawfordi</i> proves +our specimen to be referable to the latter. We presume that the +shrew reported as <i>evotis</i> on geographic grounds from El Carrizo +by Hooper (1961:120) also is referable to <i>crawfordi</i>. External +measurements of our female are: total length, 77; length of tail, 20 +(tip missing); length of hind foot, 11; length of ear from notch, 8; +weight in grams, 4. Cranial measurements of this individual are +given in <a href="#table_1">Table 1</a>.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 499px;"> +<a name="fig_1" id="fig_1"></a> +<a href="images/i004.png"> +<img src="images/i004_tn.png" width="499" height="600" alt="Fig. 1. Map of Sinaloa on which are plotted symbols representing placenames +mentioned in text." title="Fig. 1" /> +</a> +<span class="caption">Fig. 1. Map of Sinaloa on which are plotted symbols representing placenames +mentioned in text. From north to south, these are: El Fuerte; San +Miguel; Los Mochis; Guamúchil; Terrero; Pericos; Culiacán; El Dorado; +Piaxtla and Camino Reál (one symbol); Pánuco; Mazatlán; Matatán; Rosario; +Escuinapa; Concepción.</span> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p><i>Notiosorex evotis</i> (Coues).—Four topotypes (85533-36), all +males, were collected by Lee at Mazatlán. One was caught on December +17, 1960, in a museum special trap set "in low weeds near +thorn bush" in a sandy field at the north edge of Mazatlán, less than +a mile from the ocean. A few trees and some grasses grew in this +area; <i>Mus musculus</i> and <i>Perognathus pernix</i> were taken in the same +line of traps. Additional trapping at this locality failed to produce +more shrews. The other three specimens were captured alive on +February 1 (one) and February 2 (two), 1961, in the wake of a +bulldozer that was clearing land adjacent to the place where the +first specimen was trapped. The ground cover being cleared away +consisted mostly of dry, dense weeds and short, thorny scrub; the +latter was sparse in some places and formed dense thickets in others. +One individual that was kept alive for a short time in a can ate +crickets and roaches readily and ate one spider, but refused isopods. +On one occasion it ate six crickets in about three hours. Wet oatmeal +and oatmeal mixed with peanut butter both were refused.</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<p class="center"><a name="table_1" id="table_1"></a><span class="smcap">Table 1. Cranial Measurements of Two Species of Notiosorex.</span></p> + +<div class="center"> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><th align="left">Catalogue number, or number of specimens averaged, and sex</th> +<th align="left">Condylobasal length</th> +<th align="left">Interorbital constriction</th> +<th align="left">Maxillary breadth</th> +<th align="left">Cranial breadth</th> +<th align="left">Palatal length</th> +<th align="left">Length of maxillary tooth-row</th></tr> +<tr><td align="center" colspan="7"><i>Notiosorex crawfordi</i>, Huachuca Mts., Arizona<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Average 6 (2♂, 4♀)</td><td align="left">16.01</td><td align="left">3.72</td><td align="left">5.08</td><td align="left">8.32</td><td align="left">6.59</td><td align="left">5.93</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Minimum</td><td align="left">15.7</td><td align="left">3.6</td><td align="left">4.9</td><td align="left">7.8</td><td align="left">6.3</td><td align="left">5.8</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Maximum</td><td align="left">16.5</td><td align="left">3.85</td><td align="left">5.2</td><td align="left">8.8</td><td align="left">7.15</td><td align="left">6.2</td></tr> +<tr><td align="center" colspan="7">El Fuerte, Sinaloa</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">75184 KU, ♀</td><td align="left">16.5</td><td align="left">3.7</td><td align="left">5.0</td><td align="left">8.4</td><td align="left">6.9</td><td align="left">6.1</td></tr> +<tr><td align="center" colspan="7">SW Guadalajara, Jalisco</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">33318 KU, ♂</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">3.6</td><td align="left">4.9</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">7.1</td><td align="left">5.7</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">42583 KU, ?</td><td align="left">15.0+</td><td align="left">3.5</td><td align="left">4.6</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">6.6</td><td align="left">5.4±</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">42584 KU, ?</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">3.6</td><td align="left">4.9</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">7.1±</td><td align="left">6.1±</td></tr> +<tr><td align="center" colspan="7">2 mi. E La Palma, Michoacán</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">42586 KU, ?</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">3.8</td><td align="left">4.9</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">6.9</td><td align="left">..</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">42587 KU, ?</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">3.8</td><td align="left">4.8</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">6.9</td><td align="left">6.0</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">42588 KU, ?</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">4.9</td><td align="left">..</td><td align="left">6.9</td><td align="left">6.2</td></tr> +<tr><td align="center" colspan="7"><i>Notiosorex evotis</i>, Mazatlán, Sinaloa</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Average 4 (♂)</td><td align="left">17.68</td><td align="left">4.05</td><td align="left">5.37</td><td align="left">8.68</td><td align="left">7.60</td><td align="left">6.58</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Minimum</td><td align="left">17.4</td><td align="left">4.0</td><td align="left">5.3</td><td align="left">8.5</td><td align="left">7.5</td><td align="left">6.5</td></tr> +<tr><td align="left">Maximum</td><td align="left">17.9</td><td align="left">4.1</td><td align="left">5.4</td><td align="left">8.8</td><td align="left">7.7</td><td align="left">6.7</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> After Hoffmeister and Goodpaster, 1954:51.</p></div> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<blockquote><p>Average and extreme external measurements of the four males are as follows: +total length, 93.2 (90-98); length of tail, 25.5 (23-27); length of hind +foot, 11.9 (11-13); length of ear from notch, 7.7 (7-8); weight in grams, 5.4 +(4.4-6.3). Cranial measurements are given in Table 1.</p></blockquote> + +<p><i>Notiosorex evotis</i> was described by Coues (1877:652) on the basis +of a single specimen, obtained at Mazatlán by Ferdinand Bischoff +in 1868, that originally had at least the partial skull inside. Subsequently +the skull was removed and evidently lost (Poole and +Schantz, 1942:181). Coues named <i>evotis</i> as a species distinct from +<i>crawfordi</i> (described by him in the same paper) on the basis of +larger size, shorter tail, and alleged slight differences in color. He +did not describe the skull, but did note that the dentition was "substantially +the same as that of <i>N. crawfordi</i>." Evidently, the only +other correctly identified specimen of <i>evotis</i> on record is an individual +from Mazatlán in the British Museum, the skull of which +was figured by Dobson (1890:pl. 23, fig. 20).</p> + +<p>Merriam (1895:34) characterized <i>evotis</i>, known to him by only +the holotype, as: "Similar to <i>N. crawfordi</i>, but slightly larger and +darker." He did not examine the skull, which by that time had +been "lost or mislaid." Merriam reduced <i>evotis</i> to subspecific status +under <i>crawfordi</i> with the following remarks: "In the absence of +sufficient material of <i>N. evotis</i>, it is impossible to determine its exact +relations to <i>crawfordi</i>. Dobson did not recognize it as distinct, but +figured its teeth under the name <i>crawfordi</i> [<i>loc. cit.</i>, possibly a +<i>lapsus</i>]. For the present it seems best to retain it as a subspecies."</p> + +<p>Merriam's arrangement of <i>evotis</i> as a subspecies of <i>crawfordi</i> has +been followed by subsequent workers, mostly, we suppose, because +additional material of undoubted <i>evotis</i> has not until now been +available. Comparisons of our four specimens with specimens +(from Jalisco, Sinaloa and Tamaulipas) and published descriptions +and measurements (see especially Hoffmeister and Goodpaster, +1954:46-47, 51) of <i>crawfordi</i> reveal that <i>evotis</i> has a longer body +and hind foot than <i>crawfordi</i> but a relatively (sometimes actually) +shorter tail and ear, and a distinctly larger, heavier skull (<a href="#table_1">see Table +1</a>). The upper parts of our specimens average pale brownish +gray and are paler, not darker, than the upper parts of <i>crawfordi</i>. +But, all of the latter were obtained in the warm months of the year +except one November-taken individual from El Fuerte, Sinaloa, the +dorsal pelage of which approaches in color that of the darkest of +the <i>evotis</i>. The pelage of both kinds probably is paler in winter +than in summer and may be indistinguishable in the same season. +Ventrally, all four <i>evotis</i> are grayish white, faintly to moderately +tinged with brownish buff.</p> + +<p><i>Notiosorex evotis</i> differs cranially from <i>Notiosorex crawfordi</i> as +follows: larger (see measurements); mesopterygoid fossa squared +rather than broadly U-shaped anteriorly; rounded process on maxillary +at posterior border of infraorbital canal well developed (faint +or lacking in <i>crawfordi</i>); occipital condyles smaller and, in lateral +view, elevated above basal plane of skull; upper molars slightly +more crowded in occlusal view. These differences, although admittedly +slight, appear to be constant in the specimens we have +seen, but ought to be used cautiously owing to the small samples +studied.</p> + +<p>Shrews of the genus <i>Notiosorex</i> have been reported twice previously +from localities in west-central México, other than from Mazatlán, +as follows: 21 mi. SW Guadalajara (remains from owl pellets) +and 13 mi. S, 15 mi. W Guadalajara, Jalisco, by Twente and +Baker (1951:120-121); and Cerrito Loco, 2 mi. E La Palma, Michoacán +(remains from owl pellets), by Baker and Alcorn (1953:116). +The remains were referred to <i>evotis</i> on geographic grounds in one +instance and were so referred inferentially in the other. Examination +of the specimens upon which these reports were based reveals +that all are <i>crawfordi</i> on the basis of characters previously cited. As +a result, <i>N. evotis</i> is known only from the type locality at Mazatlán, +whereas <i>N. crawfordi</i> is widely distributed on the Mexican Plateau +as far south as Jalisco and northern Michoacán, and occurs on the +west side of the Sierra Occidental as far south as northern Sinaloa.</p> + +<p>The two kinds obviously are closely related and intergradation +eventually may be demonstrated between them. But, for the present, +we adopt a conservative course and treat <i>evotis</i> as a full species +owing to its distinctive features, restricted geographic distribution, +and the lack of evidence of intergradation between it and <i>crawfordi</i>.</p> + +<p><i><b>Balantiopteryx plicata pallida</b></i> Burt.—Thirty-five specimens from +two adjacent localities along the Río del Fuerte in northern Sinaloa, +3 mi. NE San Miguel, 300 ft. (84944-48) and 10 mi. NNE Los Mochis +(60572-75, 60667-78, 60681-94), provide the first records of the +subspecies from the state. Individuals from both localities were +shot at dusk as they foraged among trees in the valley of the river. +Fifteen of 18 females from 10 mi. NNE Los Mochis, collected on +June 5, 6 and 7, 1955, were pregnant; each contained a single embryo, +the embryos ranging from 7 to 15 mm. in crown-rump length. +<i>B. p. pallida</i> previously has been reported from the southern parts +of Baja California and Sonora.</p> + +<p><i><b>Balantiopteryx plicata plicata</b></i> Peters.—Specimens in the Museum +of Natural History from the following localities, several of which +are marginal, document better than previously has been done the +distribution of this subspecies in Sinaloa: 32 mi. SSE Culiacán +(60699); 10 mi. SE Escuinapa (68629); 17 mi. SSE Guamúchil +(60576); 5 mi. NW Mazatlán (85537-61, 85901-04); 1 mi. SE Mazatlán, +10 ft. (39461-76); 1 mi. S Pericos (60697-98, 60700); ½ mi. E +Piaxtla (60701); ½ mi. W Rosario, 100 ft. (39477-79); 5 mi. SSE +Rosario (60702-03); 4 mi. N Terrero (60695-96).</p> + +<p>Pregnant females, each with a single embryo, were recorded in +1954 from 4 mi. N Terrero, 2 (June 9), 1 mi. S Pericos, 2 (June 13), +and 5 mi. SSE Rosario, 2 (June 20). None of 16 December-taken +females from 5 mi. NW Mazatlán was pregnant.</p> + +<p>The specimen from 17 mi. SSE Guamúchil, preserved in alcohol, +is provisionally referred to <i>B. p. plicata</i> on geographic grounds inasmuch +as specimens from the nearby localities of 1 mi. S Pericos +and 4 mi. N Terrero, although more grayish on the average than +specimens from southern Sinaloa, are somewhat darker and distinctly +larger than specimens of <i>B. p. pallida</i> from along the Río del +Fuerte in northern Sinaloa. Specimens from southern Sinaloa +average only slightly paler than typical <i>plicata</i> examined from +southern México and Nicaragua.</p> + +<p><i><b>Pteronotus psilotis</b></i> (Dobson).—A total of six specimens from two +localities in southern Sinaloa provide the first records from the state +and are the northernmost records in western México. The two localities +are: ½ mi. S Concepción, 250 ft. (84987-90); 1 mi. W Matatán +(84985-86). The two individuals from the last-mentioned place +extend the known range of the species approximately 275 miles +north-northwest from a locality 7 mi. W, ½ mi. S Santiago, Colima +(Anderson, 1956:349), and place the limit of the known distribution +of <i>P. psilotis</i> farther to the north in western México than in the eastern +part of the country. We follow Burt and Stirton (1961:24-25) +in use of the generic name <i>Pteronotus</i> for this species.</p> + +<p>The two specimens from 1 mi. W Matatán were shot at late dusk +as they foraged with other bats, presumably of the same species, low +over water at the place where the Río San Antonio joins the larger +Río Baluarte. The four individuals from ½ mi. S Concepción were +captured in mist nets stretched across the Río de las Cañas at the +Sinaloa-Nayarit border, and were taken shortly after dark at heights +of three feet or less above the water. Our six specimens all are +males. Five are in the reddish color phase and one is in the brownish +phase.</p> + +<blockquote><p>Average and extreme measurements of the six males, which average slightly +smaller than specimens examined from Colima and Guerrero, are as follows: +total length, 66.8 (65-69); length of tail, 16.3 (15-18); length of hind foot, +11.8 (11-12); length of ear from notch, 16.9 (16.5-17.0); length of forearm +(dry), 41.5 (40.6-42.4); weight in grams, 8.3 (6.9-9.8); greatest length of +skull, 15.4 (15.2-15.5); zygomatic breadth, 8.3 (8.2-8.4); interorbital constriction, +3.4 (3.3-3.6); mastoid breadth, 8.7 (8.6-8.8); length of maxillary tooth-row, +5.8 (5.8-5.9); breadth across M3, 5.4 (5.3-5.6).</p></blockquote> + +<p><i><b>Sturnira lilium parvidens</b></i> Goldman.—The first specimens to be +reported from Sinaloa are as follows: 32 mi. SSE Culiacán (61087); +1 mi. S El Dorado (75207); Pánuco, 22 km. NE Concordia (85648-50). +The three bats from the last-mentioned locality were caught +after midnight in a mist net stretched across a road adjacent to a +nearly dry stream bed. The vegetation in the vicinity of the net +consisted mostly of dry weeds and grass along with some low shrubs, +but a tree-filled canyon was about one-fourth mile above the net. +We lack details about the capture of the other two bats.</p> + +<p><i>S. l. parvidens</i> has been reported only once from farther north in +western México than Sinaloa. Anderson (1960:7) recorded five +specimens from along the Río Septentrión, 1½ mi. SW Tocuina, Chihuahua.</p> + +<p><i><b>Artibeus lituratus palmarum</b></i> Allen and Chapman.—This species +has been reported once previously from Sinaloa (from 1 mi. S El +Dorado by Anderson, 1960:3). Six specimens (85668-72, 85674), +all males, collected on December 23 and 24, 1960, at Pánuco, 22 km. +NE Concordia, provide the second known occurrence in the state.</p> + +<p><i><b>Artibeus toltecus</b></i> (Saussure).—A male (85666) from Pánuco, 22 +km. NE Concordia, provides the first record of this species from +Sinaloa and extends the known range northwestward approximately +182 miles from Ambas Aguas [= 6½ km. SW Amatlán de Jora], +Nayarit (Andersen, 1908:300). Our specimen was taken on December +22, 1960, in a mist net placed across a road in an area where +vegetation consisted mostly of weeds, grasses and shrubs. Two +<i>Glossophaga soricina leachii</i> and two <i>Choeronycteris mexicana</i> were +taken in the same net.</p> + +<p>Davis' (1958:165-166) key is useful in separating the small Mexican +members of the genus <i>Artibeus</i>, but we have found some adults +of <i>toltecus</i> to be smaller than the key indicates. For example, in the +12 Mexican specimens (Oaxaca, 6, Tamaulipas, 3, Jalisco, 2, Sinaloa, +1) examined by us the total length of skull varies from 19.7 to +21.0 and the forearm from 36.3 to 42.6.</p> + +<p>Dalquest (1953) and more recently Koopman (1961) regarded +<i>A. toltecus</i> and the larger <i>A. aztecus</i>, which occurs in the same areas +but at higher elevations than <i>toltecus</i>, as subspecies of the more +southerly <i>A. cinereus</i>. Davis (<i>op. cit.</i>), on the other hand, recognized +<i>toltecus</i>, <i>aztecus</i>, and <i>cinereus</i> as distinct species. More specimens +of small and medium-sized <i>Artibeus</i> are needed from México +before this baffling complex can be studied adequately, but on the +basis of specimens examined we are inclined to agree with Davis +as concerns the specific distinctness of <i>toltecus</i> and <i>aztecus</i>. In +Tamaulipas (the mammalian fauna of which is currently under +study by Alvarez) for example, <i>toltecus</i> is known from Rancho +Pano Ayuctle at an elevation of 300 feet in tropical deciduous forest, +whereas <i>aztecus</i> has been taken only four miles away at Rancho del +Cielo, but at an elevation of 3000 feet in cloud forest. The altitudinal +difference between ranges of the two kinds in Tamaulipas corresponds +to that found in Sinaloa (see Koopman, <i>loc. cit.</i>) and is +of approximately the same magnitude found by Davis at higher elevations +in Guerrero. This relationship suggests that the two kinds +are neither subspecies of a single species, nor individual variants +of a widespread, monotypic species, but probably are two different +species. We agree that one, most likely the smaller <i>toltecus</i>, may +eventually prove to be a northern subspecies of <i>cinereus</i>.</p> + +<p><i><b>Myotis occultus</b></i> Hollister.—A single specimen of this species +(67491) from 1 mi. N, ½ mi. E San Miguel provides the first certain +record from Sinaloa, and is indistinguishable from specimens from +Alamos, Sonora, that were referred to <i>occultus</i> by Hall and Dalquest +(1950:587). Miller and Allen (1928:100) identified a skin alone +from Escuinapa as <i>occultus</i>, but Hall and Dalquest (<i>loc. cit.</i>) later +assigned this specimen provisionally to <i>M. fortidens</i> on geographic +grounds and because it agreed in color with undoubted specimens +of the latter from Guerrero. Specimens from south of San Miguel +and north of the undoubted range of <i>fortidens</i> are needed in order +to ascertain whether the two kinds are distinct species or instead +only subspecies of a single species.</p> + +<p>The Sinaloan bat was taken in a mist net stretched over a drainage +ditch adjacent to the Río del Fuerte on the night of June 19-20, +1955, by R. H. Baker. Several other kinds of bats were obtained +(shot or netted) at the same place, among which was one specimen +of <i>Myotis velifer</i>. The specimens studied of <i>occultus</i> from Sinaloa +and Sonora are clearly separable from specimens of <i>velifer</i> from the +same region (Sonora and northern Sinaloa) in having paler (more +reddish) pelage, shorter forearm, smaller skull, relatively broader +rostrum, and four fewer teeth.</p> + +<p><i><b>Myotis velifer velifer</b></i> (J. A. Allen).—Three specimens from the +following localities in northern Sinaloa provide the first records of +the species from the state: El Fuerte (75234); Río del Fuerte, 1 +mi. N, ½ mi. E San Miguel (67490); Río del Fuerte, 10 mi. NNW +Los Mochis (61149). The subspecies <i>M. v. velifer</i> has been reported +previously from the adjacent states of Chihuahua, Durango, +and Sonora.</p> + +<p>A female (61149) obtained on June 8, 1954, carried a single embryo +that measured 3 mm. in crown-rump length.</p> + +<p><i><b>Lasiurus borealis teliotis</b></i> (H. Allen).—A female from 10 mi. +NNW Los Mochis (61172), obtained on June 8, 1954, represents +the first record of the species from Sinaloa, and is tentatively referred +to this subspecies. It resembles cranially, but is paler than, +Californian specimens seen of <i>teliotis</i>.</p> + +<p><i><b>Molossus ater nigricans</b></i> Miller.—This large free-tailed bat previously +has been reported no farther north in western México than +the type locality, Acaponeta, Nayarit. Nineteen specimens from +four different localities in Sinaloa are as follows: 1 mi. SE Camino +Reál, 400 ft. (85093-99); 32 mi. SSE Culiacán (61279-87); 1 mi. S +Pericos (61277-78); ½ mi. E Piaxtla (61288). The specimens labeled +with reference to Camino Reál and Piaxtla were obtained +along the Río Piaxtla at approximately the same place. Those from +1 mi. S Pericos extend the known range of the species approximately +225 miles northwestward.</p> + +<p><i>M. a. nigricans</i> is characteristically an early flier. Along the Río +Piaxtla, 1 mi. SE Camino Reál, where bats probably found daytime +retreats in the rocky walls of the steep-sided valley of the river, individuals +first appeared early in the evening when the sun was still +on the western horizon, but were gone before other species of bats +were seen. A female from 32 mi. SSE Culiacán, taken on June 18, +1954, contained one embryo that was 18 mm. in crown-rump length. +Each of the color phases of the species, reddish (8) and black (11), +are represented among our specimens. We follow Goodwin (1960) +in the use of the specific name <i>ater</i> for this bat.</p> + +<p><i><b>Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus</b></i> Peters.—Two armadillos +(85402-03) from the valley of the Río del Fuerte, 3 mi. NE San +Miguel, 300 ft., are the first of the species to be reported from +northern Sinaloa. They extend the known range northwestward in +the state approximately 285 miles from Escuinapa (Russell, 1953:25) +and signal the possible occurrence of <i>D. n. mexicanus</i> in southern +Sonora. Sign of the armadillo was abundant at the place where +our two specimens were collected. Because it was felt that the +species possibly had been introduced along the Río del Fuerte, a +number of local residents were questioned on the point, but all insisted +that armadillos were native to the area.</p> + +<blockquote><p>External measurements of 85402 (female) and 85403 (male) are, respectively, +as follows: total length, 725, 748; length of tail, 351, 357; length of +hind foot, 87, 89; length of ear from notch, 39, 39.</p></blockquote> + +<p><i><b>Sylvilagus audubonii goldmani</b></i> (Nelson).—This cottontail has +been reported from Sinaloa only from Bacubirito, Culiacán (type +locality), and Sinaloa (Nelson, 1909:226). Additional records are: +12 mi. N Culiacán (67561-62); 6 mi. N El Dorado (75263); 6 mi. N, +1½ mi. E El Dorado (75264-66); 7 mi. NE El Fuerte (81076-77); and +1 mi. S Pericos (61292-93). Specimens from the vicinity of El Dorado +extend the known range some 30 miles southward from the +type locality. A female from 1 mi. S Pericos that was taken on +June 13, 1954, carried three embryos that measured 29 mm. in +crown-rump length.</p> + +<p><i><b>Sciurus truei</b></i> Nelson.—Three specimens (61300-02) of this species +collected by A. A. Alcorn on June 19, 1954, 32 mi. SSE Culiacán +extend the known range approximately 210 miles south-southeast +from Guirocoba, Sonora (Burt, 1938:38), and provide the first record +from Sinaloa. Two of the specimens are females and each was +pregnant, one with two embryos and the other with three.</p> + +<p>Our specimens generally agree in color with <i>S. truei</i>, but are +larger than typical individuals and in this respect approach <i>S. sinaloensis</i> +of southern Sinaloa. Probably <i>truei</i> and <i>sinaloensis</i> both are +only subspecies of the more southerly <i>S. colliaei</i>. The three nominal +species currently constitute the <i>S. colliaei</i> group in which the presence +or absence of P3 seems to vary geographically. The tooth frequently +is absent in the northern <i>truei</i> and usually present (invariably +in the specimens we have examined) in <i>colliaei</i>. Only one of +our Sinaloan specimens is accompanied by a skull; in it P3 is present +on the right side and absent on the left.</p> + +<blockquote><p>External measurements of the male and two females are, respectively: total +length, 512, 508, 504; length of tail, 263, 263, 252; length of hind foot, 64, 63, +64; length of ear from notch, 28, 29, 28. Cranial measurements of 61300 (a +female) are: greatest length of skull, 56.2; zygomatic breadth, 32.6; interorbital +constriction, 17.9; postorbital constriction, 17.9; length of nasals, 17.3; +alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row (on side lacking P3), 10.9.</p></blockquote> + +<p><i><b>Thomomys umbrinus atrovarius</b></i> J. A. Allen.—Two specimens +(85104-05) from the valley of the Río Piaxtla, 1 mi. SE Camino +Reál, 400 ft., resemble the description of <i>atrovarius</i> and agree in +size, color and most cranial details with a specimen (85744) from +5 mi. NW Mazatlán. The first-mentioned specimens extend the +known range of the subspecies some 50 miles northward from Mazatlán +(Bailey, 1915:96), and indicate the probable occurrence of +the species at lower elevations in other parts of central Sinaloa.</p> + +<p><i><b>Peromyscus merriami goldmani</b></i> Osgood.—This subspecies has +been reported previously only from the type locality, Alamos, Sonora. +Eight specimens were collected in Sinaloa by W. L. Cutter +in the autumn of 1957 as follows: 6 mi. N, 1½ mi. E El Dorado +(75368-72); 2½ mi. N El Fuerte (75365-66); El Fuerte (75367). +The first-mentional locality is approximately 200 miles south-south-east +of the type locality. All specimens collected by Cutter were +taken in lowland areas, supporting remarks by Commissaris (1960) +concerning habitat preferences of <i>P. merriami</i> as compared with +those of the closely related <i>P. eremicus</i>.</p> + +<p>Two of three females from northeast of El Dorado were pregnant +on November 18 and 19; one carried four embryos (8 mm. in crown-rump +length) and the other three (11 mm.).</p> + +<blockquote><p>External and cranial measurements of <i>P. m. goldmani</i> previously were +known only for the holotype (Osgood, 1909:252, 267). Measurements of +five adults, a male (75370) and four females (75365, 75369, 75371-72) are, +respectively, as follows: total length, 204, 225, 215, 214, 210; length of tail, +105, 120, 110, 108, 109; length of hind foot, 21, 23, 23, 22, 22; length of ear +from notch, 21, 21, 21, 20, 21; weight in grams, 29, 19, 35 (pregnant), 33, 34 +(pregnant); greatest length of skull, 26.6, 26.5, 26.9, 26.5,——; zygomatic +breadth, 13.8, 13.9, 14.1, 13.4,——; interorbital constriction, 3.9, 3.8, 4.0, +4.0,——; mastoid breadth, 11.8, 11.9, 11.8, 11.9, 11.5; length of nasals, 10.1, +9.4, 10.0, 10.0,——; length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.5, 4.3, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1.</p></blockquote> + +<p><i><b>Onychomys torridus yakiensis</b></i> Merriam.—Only one specimen of +this grasshopper mouse has been reported previously from Sinaloa +(from the town of Sinaloa by Hollister, 1914:471). Thirteen specimens +in the Museum of Natural History better define the range of +the species in the state as follows: 12 mi. N Culiacán (67981-82); 6 +mi. N, 1½ mi. E El Dorado (75374-80); 2½ mi. N El Fuerte (75373); +1 mi. S Pericos (62118-20). The individuals from northeast of El +Dorado extend the known range of the species some 115 miles south-southeast +from Sinaloa.</p> + +<p>A female taken on November 17, 1957, from 6 mi. N, 1½ mi. E El +Dorado carried two embryos that measured 23 mm. in crown-rump +length. A female obtained on November 18 at the same place carried +four embryos that measured 10 mm.</p> + +<p><i><b>Neotoma albigula melanura</b></i> Merriam.—Four specimens from +northern Sinaloa, two (85379-80) from 3 mi. N, 1 mi. E San Miguel, +350 ft., and two (75386-87) from 2½ mi. N El Fuerte, provide the +first records of the species from the state. <i>N. a. melanura</i> has been +known previously from adjacent parts of Sonora and Chihuahua +(see Hall and Kelson, 1959:687-688). The specimens from northeast +of San Miguel were trapped in runways under cholla cactus, +in which nests also were found, on a slope above a rocky arroyo.</p> + +<p><i><b>Spilogale pygmaea</b></i> Thomas.—Two pygmy spotted skunks from +5 mi. NW Mazatlán (85898-99) are the fifth and sixth of the species +to be reported (see Van Gelder, 1959:381) and the second and third +taken in Sinaloa (the holotype of <i>pygmaea</i> was obtained at Rosario). +One of our specimens, an adult male, was shot on the night +of January 10, 1961, as it foraged near an old hollow tree in weedy-thorn +bush habitat adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. The hollow tree +contained the nest of a woodrat. The second, an adult female, was +trapped nearby in a commercial rat trap baited with peanut butter +and set near a burrow in a forested area having little undergrowth.</p> + +<blockquote><p>The two individuals here reported fit fairly well the description of color +pattern given for the species by Van Gelder (<i>op. cit.</i>: 379), but are larger +(considering sex), externally and cranially, than any of the four specimens reported +previously. Measurements of the male and female are, respectively: +total length, 291, 270; length of tail, 65, 58; length of hind foot, 38, 35; length +of ear from notch, 25, 23; weight in grams, 247.0, 190.5; condylobasal length, +46.0, 42.9; occipitonasal length, 45.0, 41.4; zygomatic breadth, 29.0, 27.3; +mastoid breadth, 23.9, 22.5; interorbital constriction, 14.3, 13.6; postorbital +constriction, 14.8, 14.1; palatilar length, 15.6, 14.6; postpalatal length, 23.2, +22.4; cranial depth, 16.6, 15.2; length of maxillary tooth-row, 14.2, 13.4. +Cranial measurements were taken in the manner described by Van Gelder +(<i>op. cit.</i>: 236-237).</p></blockquote> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h2>LITERATURE CITED</h2> + +<p><span class="smcap">Andersen, K.</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1908. A monograph of the Chiropteran genera <i>Uroderma</i>, <i>Enchistenes</i>, +and <i>Artibeus</i>. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 204-319, illustrated, +September.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Anderson, S</span>.</p> + +<blockquote><p>1956. Extension of known ranges of Mexican bats. Univ. Kansas Publ., +Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:347-351, August 15.</p> + +<p>1960. Neotropical bats from western México. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. +Nat. Hist., 14:1-8, October 24.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Bailey, V</span>.</p> + +<blockquote><p>1915. Revision of the pocket gophers of the genus Thomomys. N. Amer. +Fauna, 39:1-126, 8 pls., 10 figs., November 15.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Baker, R. H</span>., and <span class="smcap">A. A. Alcorn</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1953. Shrews from Michoacán, México, found in barn owl pellets. Jour. +Mamm., 34:116, February 9.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Burt, W. H</span>.</p> + +<blockquote><p>1938. Faunal relationships and geographic distribution of mammals in +Sonora, Mexico. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 39:1-77, +26 maps, February 15.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Burt, W. H</span>., and <span class="smcap">R. A. Stirton</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1961. The mammals of El Salvador. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, +117:1-69, 1 fig., September 22.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Commissaris, L. R.</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1960. Morphological and ecological differentiation of <i>Peromyscus merriami</i> +from southern Arizona. Journ. Mamm., 41:305-310, 2 figs., +August 15.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Coues, E</span>.</p> + +<blockquote><p>1877. Precursory notes on American insectivorous mammals, with descriptions +of new species. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Territories, 3:631-653, +May 15.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Dalquest, W. W.</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1953. Mexican bats of the genus Artibeus. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, +66:61-65, August 10.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Davis, W. B</span>.</p> + +<blockquote><p>1958. Review of the Mexican bats of the Artibeus "cinereus" complex. +Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71:163-166, 1 fig., December 31.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Dobson, G. E</span>.</p> + +<blockquote><p>1890. A monograph of the Insectivora, systematic and anatomical. Part +III (includes only plates XXIII-XXVIII), Gurney and Jackson, +London, May.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Goodwin, G. G</span>.</p> + +<blockquote><p>1960. The status of <i>Vespertilio auripendulus</i> Shaw, 1800, and <i>Molossus +ater</i> Geoffroy, 1805. Amer. Mus. Novit, 1994:1-6, 1 fig., March 8.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hall, E. R</span>., and <span class="smcap">W. W. Dalquest</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1950. Pipistrellus cinnamomeus Miller 1902 referred to the genus Myotis. +Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 1:581-590, 5 figs., January 20.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hall, E. R</span>., and <span class="smcap">K. R. Kelson</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1959. The mammals of North America. Ronald Press, New York, 2:viii+547-1083+79, +illustrated, March 31.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hoffmeister, D. H</span>., and <span class="smcap">W. W. Goodpaster</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1954. The mammals of the Huachuca Mountains, southeastern Arizona. +Illinois Biol. Monog., 24:v+1-152, 27 figs., December 31.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hollister, N</span>.</p> + +<blockquote><p>1914. A systematic account of the grasshopper mice. Proc. U. S. Nat. +Mus., 47:427-489, pl. 15, 3 figs., October 29.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Hooper, E. T.</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1961. Notes on mammals from western and southern Mexico. Jour. +Mamm., 42:120-122, February 20.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Koopman, K. F.</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1961. A collection of bats from Sinaloa, with remarks on the limits of the +Neotropical Region in northwestern Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 42:536-538, +November 20.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Merriam, C. H.</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1895. Revision of the shrews of the American genera Blarina and Notiosorex. +N. Amer. Fauna, 10:5-34, pls. 1-3, 2 figs., December 31.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Miller, G. S., Jr</span>., and <span class="smcap">G. M. Allen</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1928. The American bats of the genera Myotis and Pixonyx. Bull. U. S. +Nat. Mus., 144:viii+1-218, 1 pl., 1 fig., 13 maps, May 25.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nelson E. W.</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1909. The rabbits of North America. N. Amer. Fauna, 29:1-314, 13 pls., +19 figs., August 31.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Osgood, W. H.</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1909. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. N. Amer. +Fauna, 28:1-285, 8 pls., 12 figs., April 17.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Poole, A. J</span>., and <span class="smcap">V. S. Schantz</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1942. Catalog of the type specimens of mammals in the United States +National Museum, including the Biological Surveys collection. +Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 178:xiii+1-705, April 9.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Russell, R. J.</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1953. Description of a new armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) from +Mexico with remarks on geographic variation of the species. Proc. +Biol. Soc. Washington, 66:21-25, March 30.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Twente, J. W.</span>, and <span class="smcap">R. H. Baker</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1951. New records of mammals from Jalisco, Mexico, from barn owl +pellets. Jour. Mamm., 32:120-121, February 15.</p></blockquote> + +<p><span class="smcap">Van Gelder, R. G.</span></p> + +<blockquote><p>1959. A taxonomic revision of the spotted skunks (genus <i>Spilogale</i>). +Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 117:229-392, 47 figs., June 15.</p></blockquote> + + +<p><i>Transmitted March 15, 1962</i>.</p> + + +<p class="center"> +29-3000 +</p> + +<hr style="width: 45%;" /> + +<h3>Transcriber's Notes</h3> + +<p>Corrected typo: semi-colon for comma in "postpalatal length, 23.2, 22.4;".</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Noteworthy Mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico, by +J. Knox Jones, Jr. and Ticul Alvarez and M. 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