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diff --git a/31683-8.txt b/31683-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..83ae2d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/31683-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1142 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Noteworthy Mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico, by +J. Knox Jones, Jr. and Ticul Alvarez and M. Raymond Lee + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Noteworthy Mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico + +Author: J. Knox Jones, Jr. + Ticul Alvarez + M. Raymond Lee + +Release Date: March 18, 2010 [EBook #31683] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAMMALS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Simon Gardner and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + +TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: + +Italic typeface is indicated by _underscores_. + +Bold typeface is indicated by =equals=. + +In this ASCII text version the following have been used: +['a], ['e], ['i], ['o], ['u] for acute accent on a, e, i, o, u. +[M] and [F] for [MALE] and [FEMALE] symbols. + +Corrected typo: semi-colon for comma in "postpalatal length, 23.2, +22.4;". + + * * * * * + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 14, No. 12, pp. 145-159, 1 fig. in text + +May 18, 1962 + + + + + Noteworthy Mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico + + J. KNOX JONES, JR., TICUL ALVAREZ, AND M. RAYMOND LEE + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + +LAWRENCE + +1962 + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, +Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. + +Volume 14, No. 12, pp. 145-159, 1 fig. in text + +Published May 18, 1962 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS + +Lawrence, Kansas + +PRINTED BY +JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS + +1962 + +29-3000 + + + + +Noteworthy Mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico + +BY + +J. KNOX JONES, JR., TICUL ALVAREZ, and M. RAYMOND LEE + + +In several of the past twelve years field parties from the Museum of +Natural History have collected mammals in the Mexican state of Sinaloa. +Most of the collections contained only a modest number of specimens +because they were made by groups that stopped for short periods on their +way to or from other areas, but several collections are extensive. Field +work by representatives of this institution now is underway in Sinaloa +with the aim of acquiring materials suitable for treating the entire +mammalian fauna of that state. + +Among the mammals thus far obtained are specimens of twenty species that +represent significant extensions of known range, are of especial +taxonomic or zoogeographic interest, or that complement published +information, and it is these records that are reported herein. + +The following persons obtained specimens mentioned beyond: J. R. Alcorn +(1950); J. R. and A. A. Alcorn (1954 and 1955); R. H. Baker and a party +of students (1955); W. L. Cutter (1957); S. Anderson and a party of +students (1959); M. R. Lee (1960 and 1961); and J. K. Jones, Jr., +accompanied by R. R. Patterson and R. G. Webb (1961). The Kansas +University Endowment Association and the American Heart Association +provided funds that helped to defray the cost of field operations. + +In the accounts that follow, all measurements are in millimeters and all +catalogue numbers refer to the mammal collection of the Museum of +Natural History, The University of Kansas. Placenames associated with +specimens examined are indicated on the accompanying map (Fig. 1). + +_Notiosorex crawfordi_ (Coues).--A non-pregnant female (75184) was +obtained on November 29, 1957, at El Fuerte by W. L. Cutter. Comparison +of this specimen with topotypes of _N. evotis_ (see below) and with +undoubted examples of _N. crawfordi_ proves our specimen to be referable +to the latter. We presume that the shrew reported as _evotis_ on +geographic grounds from El Carrizo by Hooper (1961:120) also is +referable to _crawfordi_. External measurements of our female are: total +length, 77; length of tail, 20 (tip missing); length of hind foot, 11; +length of ear from notch, 8; weight in grams, 4. Cranial measurements of +this individual are given in Table 1. + +[Illustration: FIG. 1. Map of Sinaloa on which are plotted symbols +representing placenames mentioned in text. From north to south, these +are: El Fuerte; San Miguel; Los Mochis; Guam['u]chil; Terrero; Pericos; +Culiac['a]n; El Dorado; Piaxtla and Camino Re['a]l (one symbol); P['a]nuco; +Mazatl['a]n; Matat['a]n; Rosario; Escuinapa; Concepci['o]n.] + +_Notiosorex evotis_ (Coues).--Four topotypes (85533-36), all males, were +collected by Lee at Mazatl['a]n. One was caught on December 17, 1960, in a +museum special trap set "in low weeds near thorn bush" in a sandy field +at the north edge of Mazatl['a]n, less than a mile from the ocean. A few +trees and some grasses grew in this area; _Mus musculus_ and +_Perognathus pernix_ were taken in the same line of traps. Additional +trapping at this locality failed to produce more shrews. The other +three specimens were captured alive on February 1 (one) and February 2 +(two), 1961, in the wake of a bulldozer that was clearing land adjacent +to the place where the first specimen was trapped. The ground cover +being cleared away consisted mostly of dry, dense weeds and short, +thorny scrub; the latter was sparse in some places and formed dense +thickets in others. One individual that was kept alive for a short time +in a can ate crickets and roaches readily and ate one spider, but +refused isopods. On one occasion it ate six crickets in about three +hours. Wet oatmeal and oatmeal mixed with peanut butter both were +refused. + +TABLE 1. CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS OF TWO SPECIES OF NOTIOSOREX. + +Table Legend for the table headers: + +Column CA: Catalogue number, or number of specimens averaged, and sex +Column CO: Condylobasal length +Column IN: Interorbital constriction +Column MA: Maxillary breadth +Column CR: Cranial breadth +Column PA: Palatal length +Column LE: Length of maxillary tooth-row + +========================================================================== + CA | CO | IN | MA | CR | PA | LE +-----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+-------- + + _Notiosorex crawfordi_, Huachuca Mts., Arizona[A] + + | | | | | | +Average 6 (2[M], 4[F]) | 16.01 | 3.72 | 5.08 | 8.32 | 6.59 | 5.93 +Minimum | 15.7 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 7.8 | 6.3 | 5.8 +Maximum | 16.5 | 3.85 | 5.2 | 8.8 | 7.15 | 6.2 + + El Fuerte, Sinaloa + +75184 KU, [F] | 16.5 | 3.7 | 5.0 | 8.4 | 6.9 | 6.1 + + SW Guadalajara, Jalisco + +33318 KU, [M] | .. | 3.6 | 4.9 | .. | 7.1 | 5.7 +42583 KU, ? | 15.0+ | 3.5 | 4.6 | .. | 6.6 | 5.4+/- +42584 KU, ? | .. | 3.6 | 4.9 | .. | 7.1+/- | 6.1+/- + + 2 mi. E La Palma, Michoac['a]n + +42586 KU, ? | .. | 3.8 | 4.9 | .. | 6.9 | .. +42587 KU, ? | .. | 3.8 | 4.8 | .. | 6.9 | 6.0 +42588 KU, ? | .. | .. | 4.9 | .. | 6.9 | 6.2 + + _Notiosorex evotis_, Mazatl['a]n, Sinaloa + +Average 4 ([M]) | 17.68 | 4.05 | 5.37 | 8.68 | 7.60 | 6.58 +Minimum | 17.4 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 8.5 | 7.5 | 6.5 +Maximum | 17.9 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 8.8 | 7.7 | 6.7 +-----------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+---------+-------- + +[Footnote A: After Hoffmeister and Goodpaster, 1954:51.] + + Average and extreme external measurements of the four males are as + follows: total length, 93.2 (90-98); length of tail, 25.5 (23-27); + length of hind foot, 11.9 (11-13); length of ear from notch, 7.7 + (7-8); weight in grams, 5.4 (4.4-6.3). Cranial measurements are + given in Table 1. + +_Notiosorex evotis_ was described by Coues (1877:652) on the basis of a +single specimen, obtained at Mazatl['a]n by Ferdinand Bischoff in 1868, +that originally had at least the partial skull inside. Subsequently the +skull was removed and evidently lost (Poole and Schantz, 1942:181). +Coues named _evotis_ as a species distinct from _crawfordi_ (described +by him in the same paper) on the basis of larger size, shorter tail, and +alleged slight differences in color. He did not describe the skull, but +did note that the dentition was "substantially the same as that of _N. +crawfordi_." Evidently, the only other correctly identified specimen of +_evotis_ on record is an individual from Mazatl['a]n in the British Museum, +the skull of which was figured by Dobson (1890:pl. 23, fig. 20). + +Merriam (1895:34) characterized _evotis_, known to him by only the +holotype, as: "Similar to _N. crawfordi_, but slightly larger and +darker." He did not examine the skull, which by that time had been "lost +or mislaid." Merriam reduced _evotis_ to subspecific status under +_crawfordi_ with the following remarks: "In the absence of sufficient +material of _N. evotis_, it is impossible to determine its exact +relations to _crawfordi_. Dobson did not recognize it as distinct, but +figured its teeth under the name _crawfordi_ [_loc. cit._, possibly a +_lapsus_]. For the present it seems best to retain it as a subspecies." + +Merriam's arrangement of _evotis_ as a subspecies of _crawfordi_ has +been followed by subsequent workers, mostly, we suppose, because +additional material of undoubted _evotis_ has not until now been +available. Comparisons of our four specimens with specimens (from +Jalisco, Sinaloa and Tamaulipas) and published descriptions and +measurements (see especially Hoffmeister and Goodpaster, 1954:46-47, 51) +of _crawfordi_ reveal that _evotis_ has a longer body and hind foot than +_crawfordi_ but a relatively (sometimes actually) shorter tail and ear, +and a distinctly larger, heavier skull (see Table 1). The upper parts of +our specimens average pale brownish gray and are paler, not darker, than +the upper parts of _crawfordi_. But, all of the latter were obtained in +the warm months of the year except one November-taken individual from El +Fuerte, Sinaloa, the dorsal pelage of which approaches in color that of +the darkest of the _evotis_. The pelage of both kinds probably is paler +in winter than in summer and may be indistinguishable in the same +season. Ventrally, all four _evotis_ are grayish white, faintly to +moderately tinged with brownish buff. + +_Notiosorex evotis_ differs cranially from _Notiosorex crawfordi_ as +follows: larger (see measurements); mesopterygoid fossa squared rather +than broadly U-shaped anteriorly; rounded process on maxillary at +posterior border of infraorbital canal well developed (faint or lacking +in _crawfordi_); occipital condyles smaller and, in lateral view, +elevated above basal plane of skull; upper molars slightly more crowded +in occlusal view. These differences, although admittedly slight, appear +to be constant in the specimens we have seen, but ought to be used +cautiously owing to the small samples studied. + +Shrews of the genus _Notiosorex_ have been reported twice previously +from localities in west-central M['e]xico, other than from Mazatl['a]n, as +follows: 21 mi. SW Guadalajara (remains from owl pellets) and 13 mi. S, +15 mi. W Guadalajara, Jalisco, by Twente and Baker (1951:120-121); and +Cerrito Loco, 2 mi. E La Palma, Michoac['a]n (remains from owl pellets), by +Baker and Alcorn (1953:116). The remains were referred to _evotis_ on +geographic grounds in one instance and were so referred inferentially in +the other. Examination of the specimens upon which these reports were +based reveals that all are _crawfordi_ on the basis of characters +previously cited. As a result, _N. evotis_ is known only from the type +locality at Mazatl['a]n, whereas _N. crawfordi_ is widely distributed on +the Mexican Plateau as far south as Jalisco and northern Michoac['a]n, and +occurs on the west side of the Sierra Occidental as far south as +northern Sinaloa. + +The two kinds obviously are closely related and intergradation +eventually may be demonstrated between them. But, for the present, we +adopt a conservative course and treat _evotis_ as a full species owing +to its distinctive features, restricted geographic distribution, and the +lack of evidence of intergradation between it and _crawfordi_. + +_=Balantiopteryx plicata pallida=_ Burt.--Thirty-five specimens from two +adjacent localities along the R['i]o del Fuerte in northern Sinaloa, 3 mi. +NE San Miguel, 300 ft. (84944-48) and 10 mi. NNE Los Mochis (60572-75, +60667-78, 60681-94), provide the first records of the subspecies from +the state. Individuals from both localities were shot at dusk as they +foraged among trees in the valley of the river. Fifteen of 18 females +from 10 mi. NNE Los Mochis, collected on June 5, 6 and 7, 1955, were +pregnant; each contained a single embryo, the embryos ranging from 7 to +15 mm. in crown-rump length. _B. p. pallida_ previously has been +reported from the southern parts of Baja California and Sonora. + +_=Balantiopteryx plicata plicata=_ Peters.--Specimens in the Museum of +Natural History from the following localities, several of which are +marginal, document better than previously has been done the distribution +of this subspecies in Sinaloa: 32 mi. SSE Culiac['a]n (60699); 10 mi. SE +Escuinapa (68629); 17 mi. SSE Guamúchil (60576); 5 mi. NW Mazatl['a]n +(85537-61, 85901-04); 1 mi. SE Mazatl['a]n, 10 ft. (39461-76); 1 mi. S +Pericos (60697-98, 60700); 1/2 mi. E Piaxtla (60701); 1/2 mi. W Rosario, +100 ft. (39477-79); 5 mi. SSE Rosario (60702-03); 4 mi. N Terrero +(60695-96). + +Pregnant females, each with a single embryo, were recorded in 1954 from +4 mi. N Terrero, 2 (June 9), 1 mi. S Pericos, 2 (June 13), and 5 mi. SSE +Rosario, 2 (June 20). None of 16 December-taken females from 5 mi. NW +Mazatl['a]n was pregnant. + +The specimen from 17 mi. SSE Guamúchil, preserved in alcohol, is +provisionally referred to _B. p. plicata_ on geographic grounds inasmuch +as specimens from the nearby localities of 1 mi. S Pericos and 4 mi. N +Terrero, although more grayish on the average than specimens from +southern Sinaloa, are somewhat darker and distinctly larger than +specimens of _B. p. pallida_ from along the R['i]o del Fuerte in northern +Sinaloa. Specimens from southern Sinaloa average only slightly paler +than typical _plicata_ examined from southern M['e]xico and Nicaragua. + +_=Pteronotus psilotis=_ (Dobson).--A total of six specimens from two +localities in southern Sinaloa provide the first records from the state +and are the northernmost records in western M['e]xico. The two localities +are: 1/2 mi. S Concepci['o]n, 250 ft. (84987-90); 1 mi. W Matat['a]n +(84985-86). The two individuals from the last-mentioned place extend the +known range of the species approximately 275 miles north-northwest from +a locality 7 mi. W, 1/2 mi. S Santiago, Colima (Anderson, 1956:349), and +place the limit of the known distribution of _P. psilotis_ farther to +the north in western M['e]xico than in the eastern part of the country. We +follow Burt and Stirton (1961:24-25) in use of the generic name +_Pteronotus_ for this species. + +The two specimens from 1 mi. W Matat['a]n were shot at late dusk as they +foraged with other bats, presumably of the same species, low over water +at the place where the R['i]o San Antonio joins the larger R['i]o Baluarte. +The four individuals from 1/2 mi. S Concepci['o]n were captured in mist +nets stretched across the R['i]o de las Cañas at the Sinaloa-Nayarit +border, and were taken shortly after dark at heights of three feet or +less above the water. Our six specimens all are males. Five are in the +reddish color phase and one is in the brownish phase. + + Average and extreme measurements of the six males, which average + slightly smaller than specimens examined from Colima and Guerrero, + are as follows: total length, 66.8 (65-69); length of tail, 16.3 + (15-18); length of hind foot, 11.8 (11-12); length of ear from + notch, 16.9 (16.5-17.0); length of forearm (dry), 41.5 (40.6-42.4); + weight in grams, 8.3 (6.9-9.8); greatest length of skull, 15.4 + (15.2-15.5); zygomatic breadth, 8.3 (8.2-8.4); interorbital + constriction, 3.4 (3.3-3.6); mastoid breadth, 8.7 (8.6-8.8); length + of maxillary tooth-row, 5.8 (5.8-5.9); breadth across M3, 5.4 + (5.3-5.6). + +_=Sturnira lilium parvidens=_ Goldman.--The first specimens to be +reported from Sinaloa are as follows: 32 mi. SSE Culiac['a]n (61087); 1 mi. +S El Dorado (75207); P['a]nuco, 22 km. NE Concordia (85648-50). The three +bats from the last-mentioned locality were caught after midnight in a +mist net stretched across a road adjacent to a nearly dry stream bed. +The vegetation in the vicinity of the net consisted mostly of dry weeds +and grass along with some low shrubs, but a tree-filled canyon was about +one-fourth mile above the net. We lack details about the capture of the +other two bats. + +_S. l. parvidens_ has been reported only once from farther north in +western M['e]xico than Sinaloa. Anderson (1960:7) recorded five specimens +from along the R['i]o Septentri['o]n, 1-1/2 mi. SW Tocuina, Chihuahua. + +_=Artibeus lituratus palmarum=_ Allen and Chapman.--This species has +been reported once previously from Sinaloa (from 1 mi. S El Dorado by +Anderson, 1960:3). Six specimens (85668-72, 85674), all males, collected +on December 23 and 24, 1960, at P['a]nuco, 22 km. NE Concordia, provide the +second known occurrence in the state. + +_=Artibeus toltecus=_ (Saussure).--A male (85666) from P['a]nuco, 22 km. NE +Concordia, provides the first record of this species from Sinaloa and +extends the known range northwestward approximately 182 miles from Ambas +Aguas [= 6-1/2 km. SW Amatl['a]n de Jora], Nayarit (Andersen, 1908:300). +Our specimen was taken on December 22, 1960, in a mist net placed across +a road in an area where vegetation consisted mostly of weeds, grasses +and shrubs. Two _Glossophaga soricina leachii_ and two _Choeronycteris +mexicana_ were taken in the same net. + +Davis' (1958:165-166) key is useful in separating the small Mexican +members of the genus _Artibeus_, but we have found some adults of +_toltecus_ to be smaller than the key indicates. For example, in the 12 +Mexican specimens (Oaxaca, 6, Tamaulipas, 3, Jalisco, 2, Sinaloa, 1) +examined by us the total length of skull varies from 19.7 to 21.0 and +the forearm from 36.3 to 42.6. + +Dalquest (1953) and more recently Koopman (1961) regarded _A. toltecus_ +and the larger _A. aztecus_, which occurs in the same areas but at +higher elevations than _toltecus_, as subspecies of the more southerly +_A. cinereus_. Davis (_op. cit._), on the other hand, recognized +_toltecus_, _aztecus_, and _cinereus_ as distinct species. More +specimens of small and medium-sized _Artibeus_ are needed from M['e]xico +before this baffling complex can be studied adequately, but on the basis +of specimens examined we are inclined to agree with Davis as concerns +the specific distinctness of _toltecus_ and _aztecus_. In Tamaulipas +(the mammalian fauna of which is currently under study by Alvarez) for +example, _toltecus_ is known from Rancho Pano Ayuctle at an elevation of +300 feet in tropical deciduous forest, whereas _aztecus_ has been taken +only four miles away at Rancho del Cielo, but at an elevation of 3000 +feet in cloud forest. The altitudinal difference between ranges of the +two kinds in Tamaulipas corresponds to that found in Sinaloa (see +Koopman, _loc. cit._) and is of approximately the same magnitude found +by Davis at higher elevations in Guerrero. This relationship suggests +that the two kinds are neither subspecies of a single species, nor +individual variants of a widespread, monotypic species, but probably are +two different species. We agree that one, most likely the smaller +_toltecus_, may eventually prove to be a northern subspecies of +_cinereus_. + +_=Myotis occultus=_ Hollister.--A single specimen of this species +(67491) from 1 mi. N, 1/2 mi. E San Miguel provides the first certain +record from Sinaloa, and is indistinguishable from specimens from +Alamos, Sonora, that were referred to _occultus_ by Hall and Dalquest +(1950:587). Miller and Allen (1928:100) identified a skin alone from +Escuinapa as _occultus_, but Hall and Dalquest (_loc. cit._) later +assigned this specimen provisionally to _M. fortidens_ on geographic +grounds and because it agreed in color with undoubted specimens of the +latter from Guerrero. Specimens from south of San Miguel and north of +the undoubted range of _fortidens_ are needed in order to ascertain +whether the two kinds are distinct species or instead only subspecies of +a single species. + +The Sinaloan bat was taken in a mist net stretched over a drainage ditch +adjacent to the R['i]o del Fuerte on the night of June 19-20, 1955, by R. +H. Baker. Several other kinds of bats were obtained (shot or netted) at +the same place, among which was one specimen of _Myotis velifer_. The +specimens studied of _occultus_ from Sinaloa and Sonora are clearly +separable from specimens of _velifer_ from the same region (Sonora and +northern Sinaloa) in having paler (more reddish) pelage, shorter +forearm, smaller skull, relatively broader rostrum, and four fewer +teeth. + +_=Myotis velifer velifer=_ (J. A. Allen).--Three specimens from the +following localities in northern Sinaloa provide the first records of +the species from the state: El Fuerte (75234); R['i]o del Fuerte, 1 mi. N, +1/2 mi. E San Miguel (67490); R['i]o del Fuerte, 10 mi. NNW Los Mochis +(61149). The subspecies _M. v. velifer_ has been reported previously +from the adjacent states of Chihuahua, Durango, and Sonora. + +A female (61149) obtained on June 8, 1954, carried a single embryo that +measured 3 mm. in crown-rump length. + +_=Lasiurus borealis teliotis=_ (H. Allen).--A female from 10 mi. NNW Los +Mochis (61172), obtained on June 8, 1954, represents the first record of +the species from Sinaloa, and is tentatively referred to this +subspecies. It resembles cranially, but is paler than, Californian +specimens seen of _teliotis_. + +_=Molossus ater nigricans=_ Miller.--This large free-tailed bat +previously has been reported no farther north in western M['e]xico than +the type locality, Acaponeta, Nayarit. Nineteen specimens from four +different localities in Sinaloa are as follows: 1 mi. SE Camino Re['a]l, +400 ft. (85093-99); 32 mi. SSE Culiac['a]n (61279-87); 1 mi. S Pericos +(61277-78); 1/2 mi. E Piaxtla (61288). The specimens labeled with +reference to Camino Re['a]l and Piaxtla were obtained along the R['i]o +Piaxtla at approximately the same place. Those from 1 mi. S Pericos +extend the known range of the species approximately 225 miles +northwestward. + +_M. a. nigricans_ is characteristically an early flier. Along the R['i]o +Piaxtla, 1 mi. SE Camino Re['a]l, where bats probably found daytime +retreats in the rocky walls of the steep-sided valley of the river, +individuals first appeared early in the evening when the sun was still +on the western horizon, but were gone before other species of bats were +seen. A female from 32 mi. SSE Culiac['a]n, taken on June 18, 1954, +contained one embryo that was 18 mm. in crown-rump length. Each of the +color phases of the species, reddish (8) and black (11), are represented +among our specimens. We follow Goodwin (1960) in the use of the specific +name _ater_ for this bat. + +_=Dasypus novemcinctus mexicanus=_ Peters.--Two armadillos (85402-03) +from the valley of the R['i]o del Fuerte, 3 mi. NE San Miguel, 300 ft., are +the first of the species to be reported from northern Sinaloa. They +extend the known range northwestward in the state approximately 285 +miles from Escuinapa (Russell, 1953:25) and signal the possible +occurrence of _D. n. mexicanus_ in southern Sonora. Sign of the +armadillo was abundant at the place where our two specimens were +collected. Because it was felt that the species possibly had been +introduced along the R['i]o del Fuerte, a number of local residents were +questioned on the point, but all insisted that armadillos were native to +the area. + + External measurements of 85402 (female) and 85403 (male) are, + respectively, as follows: total length, 725, 748; length of tail, + 351, 357; length of hind foot, 87, 89; length of ear from notch, + 39, 39. + +_=Sylvilagus audubonii goldmani=_ (Nelson).--This cottontail has been +reported from Sinaloa only from Bacubirito, Culiac['a]n (type locality), +and Sinaloa (Nelson, 1909:226). Additional records are: 12 mi. N +Culiac['a]n (67561-62); 6 mi. N El Dorado (75263); 6 mi. N, 1-1/2 mi. E El +Dorado (75264-66); 7 mi. NE El Fuerte (81076-77); and 1 mi. S Pericos +(61292-93). Specimens from the vicinity of El Dorado extend the known +range some 30 miles southward from the type locality. A female from 1 +mi. S Pericos that was taken on June 13, 1954, carried three embryos +that measured 29 mm. in crown-rump length. + +_=Sciurus truei=_ Nelson.--Three specimens (61300-02) of this species +collected by A. A. Alcorn on June 19, 1954, 32 mi. SSE Culiac['a]n extend +the known range approximately 210 miles south-southeast from Guirocoba, +Sonora (Burt, 1938:38), and provide the first record from Sinaloa. Two +of the specimens are females and each was pregnant, one with two embryos +and the other with three. + +Our specimens generally agree in color with _S. truei_, but are larger +than typical individuals and in this respect approach _S. sinaloensis_ +of southern Sinaloa. Probably _truei_ and _sinaloensis_ both are only +subspecies of the more southerly _S. colliaei_. The three nominal +species currently constitute the _S. colliaei_ group in which the +presence or absence of P3 seems to vary geographically. The tooth +frequently is absent in the northern _truei_ and usually present +(invariably in the specimens we have examined) in _colliaei_. Only one +of our Sinaloan specimens is accompanied by a skull; in it P3 is present +on the right side and absent on the left. + + External measurements of the male and two females are, + respectively: total length, 512, 508, 504; length of tail, 263, + 263, 252; length of hind foot, 64, 63, 64; length of ear from + notch, 28, 29, 28. Cranial measurements of 61300 (a female) are: + greatest length of skull, 56.2; zygomatic breadth, 32.6; + interorbital constriction, 17.9; postorbital constriction, 17.9; + length of nasals, 17.3; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row (on + side lacking P3), 10.9. + +_=Thomomys umbrinus atrovarius=_ J. A. Allen.--Two specimens (85104-05) +from the valley of the R['i]o Piaxtla, 1 mi. SE Camino Re['a]l, 400 ft., +resemble the description of _atrovarius_ and agree in size, color and +most cranial details with a specimen (85744) from 5 mi. NW Mazatl['a]n. The +first-mentioned specimens extend the known range of the subspecies some +50 miles northward from Mazatl['a]n (Bailey, 1915:96), and indicate the +probable occurrence of the species at lower elevations in other parts of +central Sinaloa. + +_=Peromyscus merriami goldmani=_ Osgood.--This subspecies has been +reported previously only from the type locality, Alamos, Sonora. Eight +specimens were collected in Sinaloa by W. L. Cutter in the autumn of +1957 as follows: 6 mi. N, 1-1/2 mi. E El Dorado (75368-72); 2-1/2 mi. N +El Fuerte (75365-66); El Fuerte (75367). The first-mentional locality is +approximately 200 miles south-south-east of the type locality. All +specimens collected by Cutter were taken in lowland areas, supporting +remarks by Commissaris (1960) concerning habitat preferences of _P. +merriami_ as compared with those of the closely related _P. eremicus_. + +Two of three females from northeast of El Dorado were pregnant on +November 18 and 19; one carried four embryos (8 mm. in crown-rump +length) and the other three (11 mm.). + + External and cranial measurements of _P. m. goldmani_ previously + were known only for the holotype (Osgood, 1909:252, 267). + Measurements of five adults, a male (75370) and four females + (75365, 75369, 75371-72) are, respectively, as follows: total + length, 204, 225, 215, 214, 210; length of tail, 105, 120, 110, + 108, 109; length of hind foot, 21, 23, 23, 22, 22; length of ear + from notch, 21, 21, 21, 20, 21; weight in grams, 29, 19, 35 + (pregnant), 33, 34 (pregnant); greatest length of skull, 26.6, + 26.5, 26.9, 26.5,----; zygomatic breadth, 13.8, 13.9, 14.1, + 13.4,----; interorbital constriction, 3.9, 3.8, 4.0, 4.0,----; + mastoid breadth, 11.8, 11.9, 11.8, 11.9, 11.5; length of nasals, + 10.1, 9.4, 10.0, 10.0,----; length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.5, + 4.3, 4.1, 4.1, 4.1. + +_=Onychomys torridus yakiensis=_ Merriam.--Only one specimen of this +grasshopper mouse has been reported previously from Sinaloa (from the +town of Sinaloa by Hollister, 1914:471). Thirteen specimens in the +Museum of Natural History better define the range of the species in the +state as follows: 12 mi. N Culiac['a]n (67981-82); 6 mi. N, 1-1/2 mi. E El +Dorado (75374-80); 2-1/2 mi. N El Fuerte (75373); 1 mi. S Pericos +(62118-20). The individuals from northeast of El Dorado extend the known +range of the species some 115 miles south-southeast from Sinaloa. + +A female taken on November 17, 1957, from 6 mi. N, 1-1/2 mi. E El Dorado +carried two embryos that measured 23 mm. in crown-rump length. A female +obtained on November 18 at the same place carried four embryos that +measured 10 mm. + +_=Neotoma albigula melanura=_ Merriam.--Four specimens from northern +Sinaloa, two (85379-80) from 3 mi. N, 1 mi. E San Miguel, 350 ft., and +two (75386-87) from 2-1/2 mi. N El Fuerte, provide the first records of +the species from the state. _N. a. melanura_ has been known previously +from adjacent parts of Sonora and Chihuahua (see Hall and Kelson, +1959:687-688). The specimens from northeast of San Miguel were trapped +in runways under cholla cactus, in which nests also were found, on a +slope above a rocky arroyo. + +_=Spilogale pygmaea=_ Thomas.--Two pygmy spotted skunks from 5 mi. NW +Mazatl['a]n (85898-99) are the fifth and sixth of the species to be +reported (see Van Gelder, 1959:381) and the second and third taken in +Sinaloa (the holotype of _pygmaea_ was obtained at Rosario). One of our +specimens, an adult male, was shot on the night of January 10, 1961, as +it foraged near an old hollow tree in weedy-thorn bush habitat adjacent +to the Pacific Ocean. The hollow tree contained the nest of a woodrat. +The second, an adult female, was trapped nearby in a commercial rat trap +baited with peanut butter and set near a burrow in a forested area +having little undergrowth. + + The two individuals here reported fit fairly well the description + of color pattern given for the species by Van Gelder (_op. cit._: + 379), but are larger (considering sex), externally and cranially, + than any of the four specimens reported previously. Measurements of + the male and female are, respectively: total length, 291, 270; + length of tail, 65, 58; length of hind foot, 38, 35; length of ear + from notch, 25, 23; weight in grams, 247.0, 190.5; condylobasal + length, 46.0, 42.9; occipitonasal length, 45.0, 41.4; zygomatic + breadth, 29.0, 27.3; mastoid breadth, 23.9, 22.5; interorbital + constriction, 14.3, 13.6; postorbital constriction, 14.8, 14.1; + palatilar length, 15.6, 14.6; postpalatal length, 23.2, 22.4; + cranial depth, 16.6, 15.2; length of maxillary tooth-row, 14.2, + 13.4. Cranial measurements were taken in the manner described by + Van Gelder (_op. cit._: 236-237). + + +LITERATURE CITED + +ANDERSEN, K. + + 1908. A monograph of the Chiropteran genera _Uroderma_, + _Enchistenes_, and _Artibeus_. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. + 204-319, illustrated, September. + +ANDERSON, S. + + 1956. Extension of known ranges of Mexican bats. Univ. Kansas + Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:347-351, August 15. + + 1960. Neotropical bats from western M['e]xico. Univ. Kansas Publ., + Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:1-8, October 24. + +BAILEY, V. + + 1915. Revision of the pocket gophers of the genus Thomomys. N. + Amer. Fauna, 39:1-126, 8 pls., 10 figs., November 15. + +BAKER, R. H., and A. A. ALCORN + + 1953. Shrews from Michoac['a]n, M['e]xico, found in barn owl pellets. + Jour. Mamm., 34:116, February 9. + +BURT, W. H. + + 1938. Faunal relationships and geographic distribution of mammals + in Sonora, Mexico. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 39:1-77, + 26 maps, February 15. + +BURT, W. H., and R. A. STIRTON + + 1961. The mammals of El Salvador. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. + Michigan, 117:1-69, 1 fig., September 22. + +COMMISSARIS, L. R. + + 1960. Morphological and ecological differentiation of _Peromyscus + merriami_ from southern Arizona. Journ. Mamm., 41:305-310, 2 figs., + August 15. + +COUES, E. + + 1877. Precursory notes on American insectivorous mammals, with + descriptions of new species. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. Territories, + 3:631-653, May 15. + +DALQUEST, W. W. + + 1953. Mexican bats of the genus Artibeus. Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 66:61-65, August 10. + +DAVIS, W. B. + + 1958. Review of the Mexican bats of the Artibeus "cinereus" + complex. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71:163-166, 1 fig., December + 31. + +DOBSON, G. E. + + 1890. A monograph of the Insectivora, systematic and anatomical. + Part III (includes only plates XXIII-XXVIII), Gurney and Jackson, + London, May. + +GOODWIN, G. G. + + 1960. The status of _Vespertilio auripendulus_ Shaw, 1800, and + _Molossus ater_ Geoffroy, 1805. Amer. Mus. Novit, 1994:1-6, 1 fig., + March 8. + +HALL, E. R., and W. W. DALQUEST + + 1950. Pipistrellus cinnamomeus Miller 1902 referred to the genus + Myotis. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 1:581-590, 5 figs., + January 20. + +HALL, E. R., and K. R. KELSON + + 1959. The mammals of North America. Ronald Press, New York, + 2:viii+547-1083+79, illustrated, March 31. + +HOFFMEISTER, D. H., and W. W. GOODPASTER + + 1954. The mammals of the Huachuca Mountains, southeastern Arizona. + Illinois Biol. Monog., 24:v+1-152, 27 figs., December 31. + +HOLLISTER, N. + + 1914. A systematic account of the grasshopper mice. Proc. U. S. + Nat. Mus., 47:427-489, pl. 15, 3 figs., October 29. + +HOOPER, E. T. + + 1961. Notes on mammals from western and southern Mexico. Jour. + Mamm., 42:120-122, February 20. + +KOOPMAN, K. F. + + 1961. A collection of bats from Sinaloa, with remarks on the limits + of the Neotropical Region in northwestern Mexico. Jour. Mamm., + 42:536-538, November 20. + +MERRIAM, C. H. + + 1895. Revision of the shrews of the American genera Blarina and + Notiosorex. N. Amer. Fauna, 10:5-34, pls. 1-3, 2 figs., December + 31. + +MILLER, G. S., JR., and G. M. ALLEN + + 1928. The American bats of the genera Myotis and Pixonyx. Bull. U. + S. Nat. Mus., 144:viii+1-218, 1 pl., 1 fig., 13 maps, May 25. + +NELSON E. W. + + 1909. The rabbits of North America. N. Amer. Fauna, 29:1-314, 13 + pls., 19 figs., August 31. + +OSGOOD, W. H. + + 1909. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. N. + Amer. Fauna, 28:1-285, 8 pls., 12 figs., April 17. + +POOLE, A. J., and V. S. SCHANTZ + + 1942. Catalog of the type specimens of mammals in the United States + National Museum, including the Biological Surveys collection. Bull. + U. S. Nat. Mus., 178:xiii+1-705, April 9. + +RUSSELL, R. J. + + 1953. Description of a new armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) from + Mexico with remarks on geographic variation of the species. Proc. + Biol. Soc. Washington, 66:21-25, March 30. + +TWENTE, J. W., and R. H. BAKER + + 1951. New records of mammals from Jalisco, Mexico, from barn owl + pellets. Jour. Mamm., 32:120-121, February 15. + +VAN GELDER, R. G. + + 1959. A taxonomic revision of the spotted skunks (genus + _Spilogale_). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 117:229-392, 47 figs., + June 15. + + +_Transmitted March 15, 1962_. + + +[SQUARE] + +29-3000 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Noteworthy Mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico, by +J. Knox Jones, Jr. and Ticul Alvarez and M. Raymond Lee + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAMMALS *** + +***** This file should be named 31683-8.txt or 31683-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/6/8/31683/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Simon Gardner and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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