diff options
Diffstat (limited to '31672-8.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 31672-8.txt | 4869 |
1 files changed, 4869 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/31672-8.txt b/31672-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..04335e5 --- /dev/null +++ b/31672-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4869 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Triads of Ireland, by Kuno Meyer + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The Triads of Ireland + +Author: Kuno Meyer + +Release Date: March 17, 2010 [EBook #31672] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TRIADS OF IRELAND *** + + + + +Produced by Geetu Melwani, Brian Foley, Christine D. and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + +[Transcriber's note: Linenotes and Footnotes moved as close as +possible to their applicable entry to facilitate readability.] + + + + +ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY + +TODD LECTURE SERIES + +VOLUME XIII. + + +KUNO MEYER, PH.D. + + +THE TRIADS OF IRELAND + +[Illustration] + + + DUBLIN + HODGES, FIGGIS, & CO., LTD. + LONDON: WILLIAMS & NORGATE + 1906 + +_Printed by_ PONSONBY & GIBBS, _Dublin University Press_ + + + + +CONTENTS + + PAGE + + PREFACE, v-xv + + TEXT AND TRANSLATION, 1-35 + + GLOSSES AND NOTES, 36-43 + + INDEX LOCORUM, 45-46 + + INDEX NOMINUM, 46 + + GLOSSARY, 47-54 + + + + +PREFACE + + +The collection of Irish Triads, which is here edited and translated for +the first time, has come down to us in the following nine manuscripts, +dating from the fourteenth to the nineteenth century:-- + + =L=, _i.e._ the Yellow Book of Lecan, a vellum of the end of + the fourteenth century, pp. 414_b_--418_a_, a complete copy. + + =B=, _i.e._ the Book of Ballymote, a vellum of the end of + the fourteenth century, pp. 65_b_-66_b_ (ends imperfectly). + + =M=, _i.e._ the Book of Húi Maine, a vellum of the + fourteenth century, fo. 190_a_[1]-fo. 191_a_[2]. A complete + copy beginning: 'Ceand Erenn Ardmacha,' and ending: 'tri + hurgairt bidh a caitheam díescaidheadh (_sic_) a chaitheam + iarna coir a caitheam gan altughudh.' Then follow proverbial + sayings from the 'colloquy of Cormac and Cairpre,' such as: + 'Dedhe ara ndligh gach maith domelar ithe [et] altugud. Anas + deach gacha fleidhe a cainaltughudh [et] a mochdingbail. + Caidhe deach samtha. Ni _hansa_. Gal gan forran. Deasgaidh + codulta frislige,' &c., ending: 'deasgaidh aineolais + imreasain. Ni d'agallaim Cormaic [et] Cairpre coruici sin.' + + =Lec=, _i.e._ the Book of Lecan, a vellum of the fifteenth + century. The leaves on which the Triads are found are now + bound up with the codex H. 2. 17 belonging to Trinity + College. It is a complete copy beginning on p. 183_b_: + 'Ceand _erenn_ Ardmacha,' and ending on p. 184_b_: + 'ceitheora aipgitri baisi baig connailbi gell imreasain.'[1] + =N=, _i.e._ 23. N. 10, a paper MS. written in the year + 1575,[2] pp. 98-101. A complete copy, the gap between pp. + 100 and 106 being made up by pp. 7_a_-10_b_ of the vellum + portion of the manuscript. + +[1] By an oversight I have referred to this MS. sometimes by Lec and +sometimes by H. In some cases both Lec and H will be found quoted in the +variants. The same MS. is always meant. + +[2] As appears from the following colophon on p. 101: 'Oraoit uaim ar do +lebor a hOedh in c_éd_luan iar n-aurtach Johannes. Baile Tibhaird ar bla +maige mo mendad scribne hi farrad Se(a)ain hi Maoilconari. Mese +(Dubthach) do scrib in ball soin da derpiris [et] rlæ. Anno domini 1575. +Guroiuh maith ag_a_t. + + =H=[Prime], _i.e._ H. 1. 15, pp. 946-957. This is a paper + manuscript written by Tadhg Tiorthach O Neachtain in 1745. + It is a complete copy, with copious glosses in Modern Irish, + the more important of which are printed below on pp. 36-43. + At the end O Neachtain has added the following:--'Trí + subhailce diadha: creidhemh, dothchus agus grádh. Trí a + n-aon: athair, mac, spiorad naomh, da raibh gloir, mola[dh] + [et] umhlacht tre bith sior tug ré don bhochtan bocht so. + Aniu an 15 do bhealltuine 1745. Tadhg O Nechtuin mac Seain a + n-aois ceithre bliadhna déag et trí fithchit roscriob na + trithibh [.s]uas.' + +These manuscripts have, on the whole, an identical text, though they all +occasionally omit a triad or two; and the order of the single triads +varies in all of them. They have all been used in constructing a +critical text, the most important variants being given in the +foot-notes. The order followed is in the main that of the Yellow Book of +Lecan. + +There are at least three other manuscripts containing copies of the +Triads. One of them I discovered in the Stowe collection after the text +had been printed off. It is a paper quarto now marked 23. N. 27, +containing on fo. 1_a_-7_b_ a copy of the Triads, followed on fo. +7_b_-19_a_ by a glossed copy of the _Tecosca Cormaic_. It was written in +1714 by Domnall (or Daniel) O Duind mac Eimuinn. Its readings agree +closely with those of N. In § 237, it alone, of all manuscripts, gives +an intelligible reading of a corrupt passage. For _cia fochertar +im-muir, cia berthair hi tech fo glass dodeime a tiprait oca mbí_, it +reads: _cia focearta im-muir, cia beirthear hi tech fo glass no do +theine, dogeibther occan tiprait_, 'though it be thrown into the sea, +though it be put into a house under lock, or into fire, it will be found +at the well.' In § 121 for _cerdai_ it reads _cerd_; in § 139 it has +_rotioc_ and _rotocht_; in § 143 for _grúss_ its reading is _grís_; in +§153 it has _aibeuloit_ for _eplet_; in § 217 _tar a n-éisi_ for _dia +n-éisi_; in § 218 _lomradh_(twice) for _lobra_ and _indlighidh_ for _i +n-indligud_; in § 219 it has the correct reading _éiric_, and for +_dithechte_ it reads _ditheacht_; in § 220 it reads _fri aroile_ for +_fria céile_; in § 223 after _ile_ it adds _imchiana_; in § 224 it reads +_grís brond .i. galar_; in § 229 for _meraichne_ it has _mearaigheacht_; +in § 235 it has _mhamus_ for _mám_; in § 236 _Maig Hi_ for _Maig Lii_; +and for _co ndeirgenai in dam de_ it reads _co nderna in dam fria_. + +Another copy, written in 1836 by Peter O'Longan, formerly in the +possession of the Earls of Crawford, now belongs to the Rylands Library, +Manchester, where it was found by Professor Strachan, who kindly copied +a page or two for me. It is evidently a very corrupt copy which I have +not thought worth the trouble of collating. + +Lastly, there is in the Advocates' Library a copy in a vellum manuscript +marked Kilbride III. It begins on fo. 9_b_^2 as follows:--'Treching +breath annso. Ceann Eirind Ardmacha.' I hope to collate it before long, +and give some account of it in the next number of this series. + +In all these manuscripts the Triads either follow upon, or precede, or +are incorporated in the collections of maxims and proverbial sayings +known as _Tecosca Cormaic_, _Auraicept Morainn_, and _Senbríathra +Fíthil_, the whole forming a body of early Irish gnomic literature which +deserves editing in its entirety. It is clear, however, that the Triads +do not originally belong to any of these texts. They had a separate +origin, and form a collection by themselves. This is also shown by the +fact that the Book of Leinster, the oldest manuscript containing the +_Tecosca Cormaic_ (pp. 343_a_-345_b_), the _Senbríathra Fíthail_ (pp. +345_b_-346_a_), and the _Bríathra Moraind_ (pp. 346_a_-_b_), does not +include them. + +It is but a small portion of the large number of triads scattered +throughout early Irish literature that has been brought together in our +collection under the title of _Trecheng breth Féne_, i.e., literally 'a +triadic arrangement of the sayings of Irishmen.' I first drew attention +to the existence of Irish triads in a note on Irish proverbs in my +addition of the _Battle of Ventry_, p. 85, where a few will be found +quoted. A complete collection of them would fill a small volume, +especially if it were to include those still current among the people of +Ireland, both among Gaelic and English speakers. I must content myself +here with giving a few specimens taken at random from my own +collections:-- + + Three kinds of martyrdom that are counted as a cross to man, + _i.e._ white martyrdom, green martyrdom, and red + martyrdom.--The Cambray Homily (_Thesaurus Palæohibernicus_, + II., p. 246). + + Three enemies of the soul: the world, the devil, and an + impious teacher.--Colman maccu Beognae's Alphabet of Piety + (_Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie_, III., p. 452). + + Three things whereby the devil shows himself in man: by his + face, by his gait, by his speech.--_Ib._, p. 453. + + Three profitable labours in the day: praying, working, + reading.--Regula Choluimb Cille (_Zeitschr._, III., p. 29). + + Three laymen of Ireland who became monks: Beccan son of + Cula, Mochu son of Lonan, and Enda of Arann.--Notes on the + Félire of Oengus (Henry Bradshaw Society, vol. xxix., p. + 112). + + Three chief artisans of Ireland: Tassach with Patrick, + Conlaed with Brigit, and Daig with Ciaran.--_Ib._, p. 186. + + Three poets of the world: Homer of the Greeks, Vergil of the + Latins, Ruman of the Gaels.--Book of Leinster, p. 354_b_. + + The three worst counsels that have been acted on in Ireland + through the advice of saints: the cutting short of Ciaran's + life, the banishment of Colum Cille, the expulsion of + Mochuta from Rathen.--Notes on the Félire of Oengus, p. 204, + and Tripartite Life, p. 557.[3] + + [3] Where for 'wrong stories' read 'wrong counsels' (_sanasa sáeba_). + +This triad is thus versified in the Brussels MS. 5100:-- + + Teora saoba sanasa Leithe Cuind roc[h]aras-[s]a: + Mochuda cona clamhra[i]d d'ionnarba a Rathain roghlain, + cur Coluim Cille tar sal, timdibhe saeghail Ciaráin. + + + Three things there are for which the Son of living God is + not grateful: haughty piety, harsh reproof, reviling a + person if it is not certain.[4] + + [4] LB., p. 225 marg. inf., and Brussels MS. 5100, fo. 86_a_: + + Fuil trí ní (a trí Br.) doná (danach Br.) buidech mac Dé bí: + crábud úallach, coisced (coiccsed Br.) serb, écnach duine mad inderb. + + + Three things there are for which the King of the sun is + grateful: union of brethren, upright conversation, serving + at the altar of God.[5] + + [5] Edinburgh MS. xl, p. 28, and Brussels MS. 5100, fo. 86_a_: + + Fuil tréide dianab buidech rí gréine: + óenta bráthar, comrád (fodail Ed.) cert, altóir Dé do thimthirecht. + + + Woe to the three folk in horrid hell of great blasts: folk + who practise poetry, folk who violate their orders, + mercenaries.[6] + + [6] LB., p. 236, marg. inf.: + + Mairg na trí lucht a n-iffirn úathmar anside: + óes dogní dán, óes choilles grád, óes amsaine. + + + Three things there are which do not behove the poor of + living God: ingratitude for his life whatever it be, + grumbling, and flattery.[7] + + [7] LB., p. 238, marg. inf.: + + Fuil trí ní ná dlegair do bocht Dé bí: + dimmda da bethaid cipé, cesacht ocus aibéle. + + + + +The following modern triads I owe to a communication from Dr. P.W. +Joyce, who heard them in his youth among the people of Limerick:-- + + Three things to be distrusted: a cow's horn, a dog's tooth, + and a horse's hoof. + + Three disagreeable things at home: a scolding wife, a + squalling child, and a smoky chimney. + + The three finest sights in the world: a field of ripe wheat, + a ship in full sail, and the wife of a Mac Donnell with + child.[8] + +[8] This triad comes from the Glynns of Antrim, the Mac Donnells' +district. + +In our collection an arrangement of the Triads in certain groups, +according to their contents, is discernible. Thus, the first +sixty-one--of which, however, the opening thirty-one are no Triads at +all--are all topographical; and among the rest, those dealing with legal +matters stand out clearly (§§ 149-172). + +When the collection was made we have no means of ascertaining, except +from internal evidence, such as the age of the language, and a few +allusions to events, the date of which we can approximately fix. + +The language of the Triads may be described as late Old-Irish. Their +verbal system indeed is on the whole that of the Continental glosses,[9] +and would forbid us to put them later than the year 900. On the other +hand, the following peculiarities in declension, in which all the +manuscripts agree, make it impossible for us to put them much earlier +than the second half of the ninth century. + +[9] I may mention particularly the relative forms _téite_ 167, _bíte_ +127, _ata_ 75, 76, 224, &c., _berta_ (O. Ir. _berte_) 109, 110, _fíchte_ +(145), _coillte_ (166), _téite_ (167), _aragellat_ (sic leg. with N) +171; the deponent _neimthigedar_ 116, &c.; _ató_, 'I am' (104), and the +use of the perfective _ad-_ in _conaittig_ 77, 78. + +The genitive singular of _i-_ and _u-_stems no longer shows the ending +_-o_, which has been replaced throughout by _-a_.[10] Now, in the Annals +of Ulster, which are a sure guide in these matters and allow us to +follow the development of the language from century to century, this +genitive in _-o_ is found for the last time in A.D. 816 (_rátho, +Ailello_). Thence onward the ending _-a_ is always found. + +[10] _rátha_ 56, _foglada_ 92, _flatha_ 151, 248, 253; _dara_ 4, 34; +_Ela_ 31, 35, 44 (cf. _Lainne Ela_, AU. 816); _átha_ 50, _betha_ 82, 83, +249. + +The place-name _Lusca_, 'Lusk,' is originally an _n-_stem making its +genitive _Luscan_. This is the regular form in the Annals of Ulster till +the year 880, from which date onward it is always _Lusca_ (A.D. 916, +928, &c.). In our text (§ 46) all the manuscripts read _Lusca_. + +In slender _io-_stems the dative singular in Old-Irish ends in _-iu_. I +find this form in the Annals of Ulster for the last time in A.D. 816 +(_Gertidiu_). Thence onward it is always _-i_, as in our text (_hi +Cúailgni_ 43, _d'uisci_ 64). + +The nasal stem _léimm_ makes its nom. plur. _léimmen_ in Old-Irish. In § +32 we find instead (_tair-_)_leme_. So also _foimrimm_ makes its nom. +plural _foimrimme_ in § 163. + +The word _dorus_ is neuter in Old-Irish, making its nom. acc. plural +either _dorus_ or _doirsea_. In our text (§§ 173, 174) the word is +masculine, and makes its nom. plural _doruis_. + +_Druimm_ is an _i-_stem in Old-Irish, but in the later language passes +into an _n-_stem. In § 51 we find the nom. pl. _drommanna_. + +The neuter _grád_ in § 166 makes its nom. plur. _grúda_ for O. Ir. +_grád_.[11] + +[11] The infinitive _bith_ for O. Ir. _buith_ (91), the dative _cinn_ +for O. Ir. _ciunn_ (98, 135), the nom. pl. _sligthi_ for O. Ir. _sligid_ +(which I have restored in § 49), the confusion between _do_ and _di_ +(e.g. 83), and other details are probably due to the Middle-and +Modern-Irish transcribers. + +On linguistic grounds, then, I should say that our collection was made +some time during the second half of the ninth century. That it cannot be +dated earlier is also apparent from another consideration. Professor +Zimmer has taught us to search in every ancient Irish text for +indications of its having been composed either before or after the +Viking period. I find no words from the Norse language in the Triads, +or, if there are any, they have escaped me; but there are two distinct +references to the Viking age. In § 232, a Viking in his hauberk (_Gall +ina lúirig_) is mentioned as one of three that are hardest to talk to; +and, in § 44, Bangor in Co. Down is called unlucky or unfortunate, no +doubt, as the gloss says, because of the repeated plunderings and +destruction of its monastery by the Norse during the early part of the +ninth century (A.D. 823, 824). + +In endeavouring to trace the origin of the Triad as a form of literary +composition among the Irish, one must remember that it is but one of +several similar enumerative sayings common in Irish literature. Thus the +collection here printed contains three duads (124. 133. 134), seven +tetrads (223. 230. 234. 244. 248. 251. 252), and one heptad (235). A +whole Irish law-book is composed in the form of heptads;[12] while +triads, tetrads, &c., occur in every part of the Laws.[13] Such +schematic arrangements were of course a great aid to memory. + +[12] See _Ancient Laws of Ireland_, vol, v., pp. 118-373. + +[13] Thus in the first volume of the Laws we find duads on p. 228, 15; +294, 27; triads on p. 50, 9. 27; 230, 4; 264, 20; 288, 28; tetrads 40, +21; 54, 7; 64, 1; 240, 24; 256, 4, &c.; 272, 25; 274, 3, &c.; pentads +30, 21; 50, 32; 90, 29; 102, 6; hexads 68, 11; 248, 7: a heptad 134, 9; +an ennead 16, 20. + +If the Triad stood alone, the idea that it owes its origin to the effect +of the doctrine of the Trinity upon the Celtic imagination might +reasonably be entertained. The fact that this doctrine has led to many +peculiar phenomena in Irish folklore, literature, and art has frequently +been pointed out. Nor would I deny that the sacred character of the +number three, together with the greater facility of composition, may +have contributed to the popularity of the Triad, which is certainly the +most common among the various numerical sayings as well as the only one +that has survived to the present day. + +However that may be, I believe that the model upon which the Irish +triads, tetrads, pentads, &c., were formed is to be sought in those +enumerative sayings--_Zahlensprüche_, as the German technical term +is--of Hebrew poetry to be found in several books of the Old Testament. +I am indebted to my friend the Rev. Carl Grüneisen for the following +list of such sayings, which I quote in the Vulgate version. + + DUADS AND TRIADS. + + Ecclus. 23: 21, Duo genera abundant in peccatis, et tertium + adducit iram et perditionem, &c. + + _Ib._ 26: 25, In duobus contristatum est cor meum, et in + tertio iracundia mihi advenit: 26 vir bellator deficiens per + inopiam, et vir sensatus contemptus, 27 et qui transgreditur + a iustitia ad peccatum, Deus paravit eum ad romphaeam. + + _Ib._ 26: 28, Duae species difficiles et periculosae mihi + apparuerunt: difficile exuitur negotians a neglegentia, et + non iustificabitur caupo a peccatis labiorum. + + + TRIADS AND TETRADS. + + Proverb. 30: 15, Tria sunt insaturabilia, et quartum quod + nunquam dicit: sufficit. 16 Inferuns, et os vulvae, et terra + quae non satiatur aqua; ignis vero nunquam dicit: sufficit. + + _Ib._ 30: 18, Tria sunt difficilia mihi, et quartum penitus + ignoro: 19 viam aquilae in caelo, viam colubri super petram, + viam navis in medio mari, et viam viri in adolescentia. + + _Ib._ 30: 21, Per tria movetur terra, et quartum non potest + sustinere: 22 per servum cum regnaverit: per stultum cum + saturatus fuerit cibo, 23 per odiosam mulierem cum in + matrimonio fuerit assumpta, et per ancillam cum fuerit heres + dominae suae. + + _Ib._ 30: 29, Tria sunt quae bene gradiuntur, et quartum + quod incedit feliciter: 30 leo fortissimus bestiarum, ad + nullius pavebit occursum, 31 gallus succinctus lumbos, et + aries, nec est rex qui resistat ei. + + Ecclus. 26: 5, A tribus timuit cor meum, et in quarto facies + mea metuit: 6 delaturam civitatis, et collectionem populi, 7 + calumniam mendacem, super montem, omnia gravia, 8 dolor + cordis et luctus mulier zelotypa. + + + A TETRAD. + + Proverb. 30, 24: Quattuor sunt minima terrae, et ipsa sunt + sapientiora sapientibus: 25 formicae, populus infirmus qui + praeparat in messe cibum sibi, 26 lepusculus, plebs invalida + qui collocat in petra cubile suum. + + + A HEXAD AND HEPTAD. + + Proverb. 6. 16 Sex sunt quae odit Dominus, et septimum + detestatur anima eius: 17 oculos sublimes, linguam mendacem, + manus effundentes innoxium sanguinem, 18 cor machinans + cogitationes pessimas, pedes veloces ad currendum in malum, + 19 proferentem mendacia testem fallacem, et eum qui seminat + intra fratres discordias. + + + AN ENNEAD. + + Ecclus. 25, 9: Novem insuspicabilia cordis magnificavi, et + decimum dicam in lingua hominibus, &c. + +The question arises whether these biblical sayings were the direct +source from which the Irish imitations are derived, or whether the Irish +became acquainted with the numerical Proverb through the medium of Greek +and Latin literature. As the Irish clerics ever since the days of St. +Patrick were diligent students of the Bible, there would be nothing +strange in the former assumption. But there exists at least one early +document which renders the latter equally possible. Under the title of +_Proverbia Grecorum_ we possess a collection of sayings translated by +some Irish scholar in Ireland from the Greek into Latin before the +seventh century.[14] Among them we find three triads,[15] two +pentads,[16] three heptads,[17] and two octads.[18] + +[14] This is the opinion of S. Hellmann, their latest editor. See his +_Sedulius Scottus_, p. 135, in Traube's _Quellen und Untersuchungen zur +lateinischen Philologie des Mittelalters_, vol. i.: München, 1906. + +[15] A. 39, 41. B. 5. + +[16] A. 52. + +[17] A. 54. B. 3, 7. + +[18] B. 1, 2. + +As examples I select the following two triads:-- + + Tres bacheriosi(?) sunt: terribilis bellator armatus + promptusque ad praelium, leo de spelunca quando praedam + devorat, aper ferus de silva quando furore in aliquem + irruit. + + Tres sunt imperfecti qui numquam ad perfectionem vitae + disciplinae pervenire possunt; tunc enim a vitiis recedunt, + quando mala facere non possunt. Antiquus nauta qui multis + annis seductis onmibus emere et vendere poterat; senex + auriga qui in curribus et in equis Deo derelicto vana cura + atque conversatione meditatur atque utitur; vetula ancilla + quae dominae suae subdole in omnibus rebus quae cottidiano + ministerio perficiuntur male retribuit. + +Triads occur sporadically in the literature of most other nations, and +have occasionally been collected. But I am not aware that this kind of +composition has ever attained the same popularity elsewhere as in Wales +and Ireland, where the manufacture of triads seems at times almost to +have become a sport. + +The wittiest triads are undoubtedly those in which the third item +contains an anticlimax. Two perfect examples of this kind were composed +by Heine when he tells the foreigner visiting Germany that he need but +know three words of the language: _Brot_, _Kuss_, _Ehre_; and in his +often quoted witticism: _Der Franzose liebt die Freiheit wie seine +Braut, der Engländer wie seine Frau, der Deutsche wie seine alte +Grossmutter._ + +K.M. + + + + +THE TRIADS OF IRELAND + + + + +TRECHENG BRETH FÉNI INSO SÍS[1] + + +1. Cenn Hérenn Ardmacha. + + [Note 1: _om._ BMHNLec] + +2. Ordan Hérenn Clúain Maic Nóis. + +3. Ana Hérenn Clúain Iraird. + +4. Cride Hérenn Cell Dara. + +5. Sruithe Hérenn Bendchor. + +6. Cóemna Hérenn Lusca. + +7. Áinius Hérenn Cenannus. + +8. Dí [.s]úil Hérenn Tamlachta [et] Findglais. + + [Note 8: dá súil L Finnglaisi N Findglais Lec] + +9. Tech commairce Hérenn Tech Cairnig for sligid Assail. + + [Note 9: _om._ L] + +10. Idna Hérenn Inis Cathaig. + +11. Reclés Hérenn Glenn Dá Locha. + +12. Féinechas Hérenn Clúain Húama. + +13. Tech Foichle Hérenn Fernæ. + +14. Litánacht Hérenn Less Mór. + +15. Senchas Hérenn Imblech Ibair. + +16. Bérla Féine Hérenn Corcach. + +17. Légend Hérenn Ross Ailithre. + + [Note 17: Ailaicre B Elichre M] + +18. Téite Hérenn Tír Dá Glas. + + [Note 18: téde N teide BM] + +19. Anmchairde Hérenn Clúain Ferta Brénainn. + + [Note 19: ancairde BLec Brenainde N] + +20. Escaine Hérenn Lothra. + + [Note 20: hescoemna L] + +21. Brethemnas Hérenn Sláine. + +22. Dúire chrábaid Hérenn Fobur Féichín. + + [Note 22: dire BM Féichín _om._ BM Fabair Feithin N] + +23. Áibne Hérenn Ard mBreccáin. + +24. Diúite Hérenn Ross Commáin. + + [Note 24: diuidus BM diuitecht L] + +25. Fáilte Hérenn Ráith mBoth nó Druimm Lethan. + +26. De[.s]erc Hérenn Dún Dá Lethglas. + + [Note 26: desearc L deeirc B deirc M] + + + + + +THE TRIADS OF IRELAND + + +1. The Head of Ireland--Armagh. + +2. The Dignity of Ireland--Clonmacnois. + +3. The Wealth of Ireland--Clonard. + +4. The Heart of Ireland--Kildare. + +5. The Seniority of Ireland--Bangor. + +6. The Comfort[19] of Ireland--Lusk. + +[19] Or, perhaps, 'good cheer.' + +7. The Sport of Ireland--Kells. + +8. The Two Eyes of Ireland--Tallaght and Finglas. + +9. The Sanctuary of Ireland--the House of Cairnech upon the Road of +Asal.[20] + +[20] A road running from Tara westward into Westmeath. + +10. The Purity of Ireland--Scattery Island. + +11. The Abbey-church of Ireland--Glendalough. + +12. The Jurisprudence of Ireland--Cloyne. + +13. The House of Wages[21] of Ireland--Ferns. + +[21] Or 'hire.' + +14. The Singing the Litany of Ireland--Lismore. + +15. The Lore of Ireland--Emly. + +16. The Legal Speech of Ireland--Cork. + +17. The Learning of Ireland--Roscarbery. + +18. The Wantonness of Ireland--Terryglas. + +19. The Spiritual Guidance of Ireland--Clonfert. + +20. The Curse of Ireland--Lorrha. + +21. The Judgment of Ireland--Slane. + +22. The Severity of Piety of Ireland--Fore. + +23. The Delight of Ireland--Ardbrackan. + +24. The Simplicity[22] of Ireland--Roscommon. + +[22] Or 'uprightness.' + +25. The Welcome of Ireland--Raphoe or Drumlane. + +26. The Charity of Ireland--Downpatrick. + +27. Trichtach Hérenn Dairchaill. + + [Note 27: _om._ BM techtach E Durcaill N Darachill L] + +28. Fossugud Hérenn Mag mBile. + + [Note 28: Mag Mile L] + +29. Martra Hérenn Tulen. + + [Note 29: _om._ L] + +30. Ailbéimm Hérenn Cell Rúaid. + + [Note 30: aulbeimnech L Ruadh N Ruadain L] + +31. Genas Hérenn Lann Ela. + +32. Trí tairleme Érenn: Daire Calgaig [et] Tech Munna [et] Cell +Maignenn. + + [Note 32: _om._ HBM] + +33. Tri aithechpuirt Hérenn: Clúain Iraird, Glenn Dá Locha, Lugbad. + + [Note 33: aithich Lec heathachbuirg M Lugmag NBM] + +34. Trí clochraid Hérenn: Ard Macha, Clúain Maic Nóis, Cell Dara. + + [Note 34: clothraige BM clot_hr_ai N clochraid L clochraidi Lec] + +35. Trí háenaig Hérenn: áenach Tailten, áenach Crúachan, áenach Colmáin +Ela. + + [Note 35: haenaigi L Colman MSS] + +36. Trí dúine Hérenn: Dún Sobairche, Dún Cermna, Cathair Chonrúi. + + [Note 36: duin NBM] + +37. Trí slébe Hérenn: Slíab Cúa, Slíab Mis, Slíab Cúalann. + + [Note 37: sleibte BM] + +38. Trí haird Hérenn: Crúachán Aigli, Ae Chúalann, Benn mBoirchi. + + [Note 38: hard N cích Cualann L benna LN] + +39. Trí locha Hérenn: Loch nEchach, Loch Rí, Loch nErni. + + [Note 39: Rib BM Rig N] + +40. Trí srotha Hérenn: Sinann, Bóand, Banda. + +41. Trí machaire Hérenn: Mag Midi, Mag Line, Mag Lifi. + + [Note 41: maige HBM] + +42. Trí dorcha Hérenn: úam Chnogba, úam Slángæ, dercc Ferna. + + [Note 42: doirchi L uaim Chruachan NL uaim Condba B uaim Cnodba HM + Slaingai BM Slaine N Slaine [et] uaim Chruachan nó dearc Fearna _add._ + H] + +43. Trí díthruib Hérenn: Fid Mór hi Cúailgni, Fid Déicsen hi Tuirtri, +Fid Moithre hi Connachtaib. + + [Note 43: dithreba BM Fid Dexin N] + +44. Trí dotcaid Hérenn: abbdaine Bendchuir, [A] abbdaine Lainne Ela, ríge +Mugdorn Maigen. + + [Note 44: dotchaid LHLec [A] .i. ar imad argain air L + abdaine Sláne nó Colmain Ela BM Laind Ela BM] + +27. The ... of Ireland--Dairchaill. + +28. The Stability of Ireland--Moville. + +29. The Martyrdom of Ireland--Dulane. + +30. The Reproach of Ireland--Cell Ruaid (Ruad's Church).[23] + +[23] 'Ruadan's Church,' L. + +31. The Chastity of Ireland--Lynally. + +32. The three places of Ireland to alight at: Derry, Taghmon, +Kilmainham. + +33. The three rent-paying places of Ireland: Clonard, Glendalough, +Louth. + +34. The three stone-buildings of Ireland: Armagh, Clonmacnois, Kildare. + +35. The three fairs of Ireland: the fair of Teltown, the fair of +Croghan, the fair of Colman Elo. + +36. The three forts of Ireland: Dunseverick, Dun Cermna,[24] Cathir +Conree. + +[24] On the Old Head of Kinsale. + +37. The three mountains of Ireland: Slieve Gua,[25] Slieve Mis, Slieve +Cualann.[26] + +[25] _i.e._ the Knockmealdown mountains. + +[26] The Wicklow mountains. + +38. The three heights of Ireland: Croagh Patrick, Ae Chualann,[27] Benn +Boirche.[28] + +[27] 'The Liver ('Pap,' L.) of Cualu,' either the Great Sugarloaf or +Lugnaquilla. + +[28] _i.e._ Slieve Donard. + +39. The three lakes of Ireland: Lough Neagh, Lough Ree, Lough Erne. + +40. The three rivers of Ireland: the Shannon, the Boyne, the Bann. + +41. The three plains of Ireland: the plain of Meath, Moylinny, +Moy-Liffey.[29] + +[29] _i.e._ the plain of Kildare. + +42. The three dark places of Ireland: the cave of Knowth, the cave of +Slaney, the cave of Ferns. + +43. The three desert places of Ireland: Fid Mór (Great Wood) in Coolney, +Fid Déicsen (Spy-wood) in Tuirtri,[30] the Wood of Moher in Connaught. + +[30] The Húi Tuirtri were settled in the four baronies of Upper and +Lower Antrim, and Upper and Lower Toome in county Antrim. + +44. The three unlucky places of Ireland: the abbotship of Bangor, the +abbotship of Lynally, the kingship of Mugdorn Maigen.[31] + +[31] Now Cremorne barony, county Monaghan. + +45. Trí huilc Hérenn: Crecraigi, Glasraigi, Benntraigi. + + [Note 45: Grecraigi HBM] + +46. Trí cáemnai Hérenn: abbdaine Lusca, ríge trí Cualann, secnabbóite +Arda Macha. + + [Note 46: ríge fer Cúalann NL sechnap L segnab-i nArdmachai N] + +47. Trí trága Hérenn: Tráig Ruis Airgit, Tráig Ruis Téiti, Tráig Baili. + + [Note 47: trachtai L] + +48. Trí hátha Hérenn: Áth Clíath, Áth Lúain, Áth Caille. + +49. Trí sligid Hérenn: slige Dála, slige Asail, slige Midlúachra. + + [Note 49: sligthi MSS] + +50. Trí belaige Hérenn: Belach Conglais, Belach Luimnig, Belach +Duiblinne .i. Átha Clíath. + + [Note 50: belaig L Conglaisi N Luimne N .i. Átha Clíath _om_. N] + +51. Trí drommanna Hérenn: Druimm Fingin, Druimm nDrobeoil, Druimm +Leithe. + + [Note 52: _om._ HBM] + +52. Trí maige Hérenn: Mag mBreg, Mag Crúachan, Mac Liphi. + +53. Trí clúana Hérenn: Clúain Maic Nóis, Clúain Eois, Clúain Iraird. + +54. Trí tellaige Hérenn: tellach Temrach, tellach Caisil, tellach +Crúachan. + + [Note 54: Temair Crúachu Caisel HBM] + +55. Trí hessa Hérenn: Ess Rúaid, Ess Danainne, Ess Maige. + +56. Trí fothirbi Hérenn: Tír Rátha Laidcniáin, Slíab Commáin, Slíab +Mancháin. + + [Note 56: _om._ HBM fothairbe N] + +57. Trí tiprata Hérenn: Tipra na nDési, Tipra Húarbeoil, Tipra Úaráin +Garaid. + + [Note 57: tiubrai N tipra Cuirp N nDési HBM tipra Uarainn Garaid HBM + t. Uaran nGarad N Breifene N tipra Braithcleasan Brigdi H Braichleasan + Brigde BM] + +58. Trí haimréide Hérenn: Breifne, Bairenn, Bérre[A]. + + [Note 58: haimreid L Boirind M [A] Beandtraigi H] + +59. Trí hinbera Hérenn: Inber na mBárc, Inber Féile, Inber Túaige. + +60. Trí hairderca Hérenn: Léimm Conculaind, Dún Cáin, Srub Brain. + + [Note 60: hirrdraici H oirrdirc M] + +45. The three evil ones of Ireland: the Crecraige,[32] the Glasraige, +the Benntraige.[33] + +[32] A tribe settled in the barony of Coolavin, county Sligo, and in the +adjacent part of county Roscommon. + +[33] Either Bantry in county Cork, or Bantry in county Wexford. + +46. The three comfortable places of Ireland: the abbotship of Lusk, the +kingship of the three Cualu,[34] the vice-abbotship of Armagh. + +[34] 'Of the men of Cualu,' NL. + +47. The three strands of Ireland: the strand of Ross Airgit,[35] the +strand of Ross Teiti, the strand of Baile.[36] + +[35] A territory in the barony of Upper Ormond, county Tipperary. + +[36] Now Dundalk. + +48. The three fords of Ireland: Ath Cliath (Hurdle-ford), Athlone (the +Ford of Luan), Ath Caille (Wood-ford).[37] + +[37] Perhaps Áth Caille Rúaide on the Shannon. + +49. The three highroads of Ireland: Slige Dala,[38] Slige Asail, Slige +Luachra.[39] + +[38] The great south-western road from Tara into Ossory. + +[39] A road running northward from Tara. + +50. The three mountain-passes of Ireland: Baltinglass, the Pass of +Limerick, the Pass of Dublin. + +51. The three ridges of Ireland: Druim Fingin, Druim nDrobeoil, Druim +Leithe.[40] + +[40] In Breffny. + +52. The three plains of Ireland: Moy Bray, Moy Croghan, Moy Liffey. + +53. The three meadows of Ireland: Clonmacnois, Clones, Clonard. + +54. The three households of Ireland: the household of Tara, the +household of Cashel, the household of Croghan. + +55. The three waterfalls of Ireland: Assaroe, Eas Danainne,[41] Eas +Maige. + +[41] On the Shannon opposite Dunass, co. Clare. + +56. The three fields (?) of Ireland: the land of Rathlynan, Slieve +Comman, Slieve Manchain. + +57. The three wells of Ireland: the Well of the Desi, the Well of +Uarbel,[42] the Well of Uaran Garaid. + +[42] Probably near _Sescenn Uarbéoil_ in Leinster (Mountseskenn?). + +58. The three uneven places of Ireland: Breffny, the Burren, Beare. + +59. The three estuaries of Ireland: Inver na mBarc,[43] Inver Feile,[44] +Inver Tuaige.[45] + +[43] _Dún na mBárc_ is in Bantry Bay. + +[44] The estuary of the Feale. + +[45] 'The axe-shaped estuary,' _i.e._ the mouth of the Bann. + +60. The three conspicuous places of Ireland: Cuchulinn's Leap,[46] +Dunquinn, Sruve Brain.[47] + +[46] _i.e._ Loop Head. + +[47] In the west of Kerry (i n-iarthar Hérenn, YBL. 123^b31). + +61. Trí gnátha Hérenn: Tráig Lí, Lúachair Dedad, Slíab Fúait. + + [Note 61: gnath N gnáith HM Líí N] + +62. Trí hamrai la Táin Bó Cúailnge: .i. in cuilmen dara héisi i nÉrinn; +in marb dia haisnéis don bíu .i. Fergus mac Róig dia hinnisin do Ninníne +éicius i n-aimsir Corbmaic maic Fáeláin; intí dia n-aisnéth_er_, coimge +bliadna dó. + + [Note 62: _om._ HBMLec coimde N] + +63. Trí meinistri fer Féne: .i. cích, grúad, glún. + +64. Trí dotcaid duine: deog therc d'uisci, ítu i cormthig, suide cumang +for achad. + + [Note 64: dotchaid L dodcaid BM luige dige BM luige re dig H] + +65. Trí dotcaid threbtha: gort salach, iarmur cléithe, tech +drithlennach. + + [Note 65: dotchaid L dodcaid B iarmor B] + +66. Trí hairgarta ecalse: caillech fri clocc, athláech i n-apdaine, +banna for altóir. + + [Note 66: hairgairt L hairgair H hurgoirt B ina habdaine B bainne NM + bæ[=n] for a haltoir B] + +67. Trí fáilti co n-íarduibi: fer tochmairc, fer gaite, fer aisnéise. + + [Note 67: fochmairc NHBMLec aisneidsi N] + +68. Trí bróin ata ferr fáilti: brón treóit oc ithe messa, brón guirt +apaig, brón feda fo mess. + + [Note 68: is ferr H ita ferr L at ferr N broin MB ac aipgiudud BM ig + messrugud H] + +69. Trí fáilti ata messu brón: fáilti fir íar ndiupairt, fáilti fir íar +luga eithig, fáilti fir íar fingail. + + [Note 69: measum B iar ndiubairt N iar mbreith diubarta BM iar + mbreith a dibirta H failte fir luga eithig B fir _om._ BM failte fir iar + marbad a bráthar a[c] cosnom a [.f]eraind fris BM] + +70. Trí fiada co n-an[.f]iad: gréss i n-óentig fri muintir, uisce rothé +dar cosa, bíad goirt cen dig. + + [Note 70: fiad L anbfiad N tri fiaidaichi ad mesa H greasa BM for + cosaib HM dar cosaib NB biad goirt doib B] + +71. Trí dotcaid maic athaig: clemnas fri hócthigern, gabáil for tascor +ríg, commaid fri meirlechu. + + [Note 71: dotchaid L dodca d B hoigthigearna MN tarscur BM tascor + (nó tarcor) N tairrseach (!) L] + +72. Trí dotcaid threbairi: tarcud do drochmnái, fognam do +droch[.f]laith, cóemchlód fri droch[.f]erann. + + [Note 72: dodchaidh B targad BM drochlaith M drochlaech H claechlud + H caemclodh M drochírind B] + +73. Trí búada trebairi: tarcud do degmnái, fognam do deg[.f]laith, +cóemchlód fri dag[.f]erann. + + [Note 73: trebtha N targad B deadlaech H claechmod H deigferand HM + degthigern (!) B] + +61. The three familiar places[48] of Ireland: Tralee, Logher, the Fews. + +[48] Or, perhaps, 'places of common resort.' + +62. Three wonders concerning the Táin Bó Cúailnge; that the _cuilmen_ +came to Ireland in its stead; the dead relating it to the living, viz. +Fergus mac Róig reciting it to Ninníne the poet in the time of Cormac +mac Fáeláin; one year's protection to him to whom it is recited. + +63. The three halidoms of the men of Ireland: breast, cheek, knee. + +64. Three unfortunate things for a man: a scant drink of water, thirst +in an ale-house, a narrow seat upon a field. + +65. Three unfortunate things of husbandry: a dirty field, leavings of +the hurdle, a house full of sparks. + +66. Three forbidden things of a church: a nun as bellringer, a veteran +in the abbotship, a drop upon the altar. + +67. Three rejoicings followed by sorrow: a wooer's, a thief's, a +tale-bearer's. + +68. Three sorrows that are better than joy: the heaviness of a herd +feeding on mast, the heaviness of a ripe field,[49] the heaviness of a +wood under mast. + +[49] 'Of a ripening field,' BM. + +69. Three rejoicings that are worse than sorrow: the joy of a man who +has defrauded another, the joy of a man who has perjured himself, the +joy of a man who has committed parricide.[50] + +[50] 'Of a man who has slain his brother in contesting his land,' BM. + +70. The three worst welcomes: a handicraft in the same house with the +inmates, scalding water upon the feet, salt food without a drink. + +71. Three unfortunate things for the son of a peasant: marrying into the +family of a franklin, attaching himself to the retinue of a king, +consorting with thieves. + +72. Three unfortunate things for a householder: proposing to a bad +woman, serving a bad chief, exchanging for bad land. + +73. Three excellent things for a householder: proposing to a good woman, +serving a good chief, exchanging for good land. + +74. Trí hóenaig eserte: célide hi tig gobann, célide hi tig [.s]áir, dul do +chennuch cen áirche. + + [Note 74: hænaigi nasearta B neiseirti H haonaige neserte N esertai + Lec airrdhe N] + +75. Trí cóil ata ferr folongat in mbith: cóil srithide hi folldeirb, +cóil foichne for tuinn, cóil snáithe dar dorn dagmná. + + [Note 75: foloingead imbith B is ferr isin mbith N sreibe LLec + srithide B srithide foildeirb N] + +76. Trí duirn ata dech for bith: dorn deg[.s]áir, dorn degmná, dorn +deggobann. + + [Note 76: for doman BM dorn sair dorn gabonn dorn daim N degdaim BM] + +77. Tréde conaittig fírinne: mess, tomus, cubus. + + [Note 77: tri conaitig B] + +78. Tréde conaittig brethemnas: gáis, féige, fiss. + + [Note 78: a tri conaitig B] + +79. Trí túarascbála étraid: osnad, cluiche, céilide. + + [Note 79: osnaid N miad LBM] + +80. Tréde ara carthar escara: máin, cruth, innraccus. + + [Note 80: a tri BM treidi H gnás alaig erlabra HM airdearcus B] + +81. Tréde ara miscnigther cara: fogal, dognas, dímainche. + + [Note 81: treidi H a tri M tri L fogail H dimainecht HM] + +82. Trí buirb in betha: óc contibi sen, slán contibi galarach, gáeth +contibi báeth. + + [Note 82: contib BM contibe N gallrach BM gallrai N bæth contib gæth + BM] + +83. Trí buidir in betha: robud do throich, airchisecht fri faigdech, +cosc mná báithe do drúis. + + [Note 83: urchuidme ria foidhech N ærcuidmed fri foigeaeh B mná + druithi B] + +84. Trí cáin docelat éitchi: sobés la anricht, áne la dóer, ecna la +dodelb. + + [Note 84: doceilead eitig B handracht B dodealb B dodeilb N] + +85. Trí héitich docelat cáin: bó binnech cen as, ech án amlúath, sodelb +cen tothucht. + + [Note 85: doceiled BM beinnech N] + +86. Trí óible adannat seirc: gnúis, alaig, erlabra. + + [Note 86: haibne adannaid searc B adanta serce N alaid N] + +87. Trí haithne co fomailt: aithne mná, aithne eich, aithne [.s]alainn. + + [Note 87: haithneada Lec tomailt B salainn L] + +88. Trí búada téiti: ben cháem, ech maith, cú lúath. + + [Note 88: teite N buadnasa tétnai HBMLec] + +89. Trí ségainni Hérenn: fáthrann, adbann a cruit, berrad aigthe. + + [Note 89: segaind M tri comartha segainn N segraind B Hérenn _om._ + MB fatraind B fadbann N fadhbond MB aigthe _om._ BM a cruit _om._ MN] + +74. Three holidays[51] of a landless man[52]: visiting in the house of a +blacksmith, visiting in the house of a carpenter, buying without bonds. + +[51] Or, perhaps, 'fairs, foregatherings.' + +[52] Or 'vagrant.' + +75. Three slender things that best support the world: the slender stream +of milk from the cow's dug into the pail, the slender blade of green +corn upon the ground, the slender thread over the hand of a skilled +woman. + +76. Three hands that are best in the world: the hand of a good +carpenter, the hand of a skilled woman, the hand of a good smith. + +77. Three things which justice demands: judgment, measure, conscience. + +78. Three things which judgment demands: wisdom, penetration, knowledge. + +79. Three characteristics of concupiscence: sighing, playfulness,[53] +visiting. + +[53] Or 'dalliance.' + +80. Three things for which an enemy is loved: wealth, beauty, worth.[54] + +[54] 'distinction,' B. 'familiarity, fame (leg. allad), speech,' H. + +81. Three things for which a friend is hated: trespassing,[55] keeping +aloof,[56] fecklessness. + +[55] Or 'encroaching.' + +[56] Literally, 'unfamiliarity.' + +82. Three rude ones of the world: a youngster mocking an old man, a +healthy person mocking an invalid, a wise man mocking a fool. + +83. Three deaf ones of the world: warning to a doomed man, mocking[57] a +beggar, keeping a loose woman from lust. + +[57] 'pitying,' L. + +84. Three fair things that hide ugliness: good manners in the +ill-favoured, skill in a serf, wisdom in the misshapen. + +85. Three ugly things that hide fairness: a sweet-lowing cow without +milk, a fine horse without speed, a fine person without substance. + +86. Three sparks that kindle love: a face, demeanour, speech. + +87. Three deposits with usufruct: depositing a woman, a horse, salt. + +88. Three glories of a gathering: a beautiful wife, a good horse, a +swift hound. + +89. Three accomplishments of Ireland: a witty stave, a tune on the +harp,[58] shaving a face. + +[58] Literally, 'out of a harp.' + +90. Trí comartha clúanaigi: búaidriud scél, cluiche tenn, abucht co +n-imdergad. + + [Note 90: tri comartha cluanaide N clu ænaigh M cluænaige B teinn L + tind BM abocht HLec abhacht M co n-imnead nó imdergad HLec co n-uaithiss + L co n-aitis N] + +91. Trí gena ata messu brón: gen snechta oc legad, gen do mná frit íar +mbith [.f]ir aili lé, gen chon [.f]oilmnich. + + [Note 91: ad meassam HMB mesom L drochmna LN frit _om._ L iar fes le + fer n-aili H iar mbeith fri araile BM foleimnighe N foilmig dot letrad H + foleimnigh (foilmnig B) agud rochtain dott ithe MB] + +92. Trí báis ata ferr bethaid: bás iach, bás muicce méithe, bás foglada. + + [Note 92: ad HBM beatha H iaich L bás iaich bás muici meithi bás + fodhladlu L fogladai N fodalada B bás bithbenaig B luifenaich Lec] + +93. Trí húathaid ata ferr sochaidi: úathad dagbríathar, úathad bó hi +feór, úathad carat im chuirm. + + [Note 93: uath ada N ad M is H deagbriathar H degflaith MB] + +94. Trí brónaig choirmthige: fer dogní fleid, fer dia ndéntar, fer ibes +menip sáithech + + [Note 94: fleid _om._ B fer nostairbir H fer teid dia tairtiud minab + saitheach M] + +95. Trí cuitbidi in domain: fer lonn, fer étaid, fer díbech. + + [Note 95: cuidmidi H] + +96. Trí cuil túaithe: flaith brécach, breithem gúach, sacart colach. + + [Note 96: flaitheamh BM sacart tuisledach N sagart diultach B + diultadhach M] + +97. Trí fuiric thige degduni: cuirm, fothrucud, tene mór. + + [Note 97: fuiric .i. fleadh nó féasta B daghduine N] + +98. Trí fuiric thige drochduni: debuid ar do chinn, athchosan frit, a +chú dot gabáil. + + [Note 98: achmusan NBM a cu dod ledrad N do congabail M drochscel + lat immach L] + +99. Trí gretha tige degláich: grith fodla, grith suide, grith coméirge. + + [Note 99: tri grith L tri gartha M fogla L suigidhe BM] + +100. Trí dorchæ ná dlegat mná do imthecht: dorcha cíach, dorcha aidche, +dorcha feda. + + [Note 100: nach dleguid N narfacad do mnai imteact B d'imtecht NM] + +101. Trí sailge boccachta: imgellad, immarbág, imreson. + + [Note 101: soilge BM imgellad bag L imarbaid imreasain BM imarbaigh + imressain N imreason nó imraichni L] + +102. Trí airisena boccachta: sírchéilide, sírdécsain, síriarfaige. + + [Note 102: hærsenna BM hairisin N sirfiarfaighe M sirfiarfaigid N] + +90. Three ungentlemanly things: interrupting stories, a mischievous +game, jesting so as to raise a blush. + +91. Three smiles that are worse than sorrow: the smile of the snow as it +melts, the smile of your wife[59] on you after another man has been with +her,[60] the grin of a hound ready to leap at you.[61] + +[59] 'Of a bad woman,' LN. + +[60] 'After sleeping with another man,' H. + +[61] 'To tear you to pieces,' H. 'Coming up to devour you,' MB. + +92. Three deaths that are better than life: the death of a salmon, the +death of a fat pig, the death of a robber.[62] + +[62] 'Of a criminal,' B. + +93. Three fewnesses that are better than plenty: a fewness of fine +words, a fewness of cows in grass, a fewness of friends around ale.[63] + +[63] 'good ale,' MB. + +94. Three sorrowful ones of an alehouse: the man who gives the feast, +the man to whom it is given, the man who drinks without being +satiated.[64] + +[64] 'Who goes to it unsatiated,' M. _i.e._ who drinks on an empty +stomach. + +95. Three laughing-stocks of the world: an angry man, a jealous man, a +niggard. + +96. Three ruins of a tribe: a lying chief, a false judge, a lustful[65] +priest. + +[65] 'Stumbling, offending,' N. 'Fond of refusing,' B. + +97. Three preparations of a good man's house: ale, a bath, a large fire. + +98. Three preparations of a bad man's house: strife before you, +complaining to you, his hound taking hold of you.[66] + +[66] 'Tearing you,' N. 'A bad story to speed you on your way,' L. + +99. Three shouts of a good warrior's house: the shout of distribution, +the shout of sitting down, the shout of rising up. + +100. Three darknesses into which women should not go: the darkness of +mist, the darkness of night, the darkness of a wood. + +101. Three props of obstinacy[67]: pledging oneself, contending, +wrangling. + +102. Three characteristics of obstinacy[67]: long visits, staring, +constant questioning. + +[67] Literally, 'buckishness.' + +103. Trí comartha meraigi: slicht a chíre ina [.f]olt, slicht a +[.f]íacal ina chuit, slicht a luirge ina diaid. + + [Note 103: comarthadha M meraigthe N 'na cend BM 'na cuit BM + inandiaig B na diaidh M] + +104. Trí máidme clúanaigi: ató ar do scáth, rosaltrus fort, +rotflinch_us_ com étach. + + [Note 104: cluainige BM ato BM atu L rodsaltar M rosaltrur ort L + rosflinch_us_ com edach N rofliuchus com ediuch BM comh edach L] + +105. Trí bí focherdat marbdili: oss foceird a congna, fid foceird a +duille, cethra focerdat a mbrén[.f]inda. + + [Note 105: _om._ BMHLec] + +106. Trí scenb Hérenn: Tulach na nEpscop, Ached Déo, Duma mBúirig. + + [Note 106: _om._ BMHLec achad N] + +107. Trí hingnad Hérenn: lige inn abaic, lige nEothuili, allabair i +foccus. + + [Note 107: _om._ BMHLec hinganta N allubuir a fogus N] + +108. Trí daurthige Hérenn: daurthech Birra, daurthech Clúana Eidnech, +daurthech Leithglinde. + + [Note 108: _om._ BMHLec] + +109. Trí hingena berta miscais do míthocod: labra, lesca, anidna. + + [Note 109: do mitocuid N do togud BM lesce N anidna N nemidna BM .i. + esinrucas _add._ H] + +110. Trí hingena berta seirc do cháintocud: túa, éscuss, idnæ. + + [Note 110: beres L berta seircce de caintogud BM serc N caintocaid N + tri hadbair serci Lec tóa esces idna N esca BMLec] + +111. Trí túa ata ferr labra: túa fri forcital, túa fri hairfitiud, túa +fri procept. + + [Note 111: labrai N sproicept B sproicepht M fri aithfrend N] + +112. Trí labra ata ferr túa: ochán rig do chath, sreth immais, molad iar +lúag. + + [Note 112: uchan N ocon_n_ BM hairfidiud _nó_ fís BM luadh B] + +113. Trí hailgesa étúalaing .i. éirg cen co dechais, tuc cenitbé, déna +ceni derna. + + [Note 113: haisgeadha edualaing B erg gen cotis H tuc gen gud beirg + (?) gen go gaemais dena gen go heda B tuca gen cobe N gen gudbe M gen + [go] dernais N gen go feta HM] + +114. Trí hamaite bít[e] i ndrochthig óiged .i. sentrichem senchaillige, +roschaullach ingine móile, sirite gillai. + + [Note 114: hamaide drochtoighe BM sentriche caillige BM sentrichim N + rosc cailleach ingine siridhe gillai BM siride N sirithe L] + +115. Trí hairig na ndúalche: sant, cráes, étrad. + +103. Three signs of a fop: the track of his comb in his hair, the track +of his teeth in his food, the track of his stick[68] behind him. + +[68] Or 'cudgel.' + +104. Three ungentlemanly boasts: I am on your track, I have trampled on +you, I have wet you with my dress. + +105. Three live ones that put away dead things: a deer shedding its +horn, a wood shedding its leaves, cattle shedding their coat.[69] + +[69] Literally, 'stinking hair.' + +106. Three places of Ireland to make you start: Tulach na n-Escop,[70] +Achad Deo,[71] Duma mBuirig. + +[70] A hill near Kildare. See Thesaurus Palæo-hibernicus ii.. p. 335. + +[71] At Tara. See Todd's _Irish Nennius_, p. 200. + +107. Three wonders of Ireland: the grave of the dwarf,[72] the grave of +Trawohelly,[73] an echo near.[74] + +[72] Somewhere in the west (i n-iarthar Erenn, Fél., p. clvii). + +[73] See Todd's _Irish Nennius_, p. 199, and Zeitschrift für Celt. Phil, +v., p. 23. + +[74] Nothing is known to me about this wonder. + +108. Three oratories of Ireland: the oratory of Birr, the oratory of +Clonenagh, the oratory of Leighlin. + +109. Three maidens that bring hatred upon misfortune: talking, laziness, +insincerity. + +110. Three maidens that bring love to good fortune: silence, diligence, +sincerity. + +111. Three silences that are better than speech: silence during +instruction, silence during music, silence during preaching. + +112. Three speeches that are better than silence: inciting a king to +battle, spreading knowledge (?),[75] praise after reward.[76] + +[75] _Sreth immais_, which I have tentatively translated by 'spreading +knowledge,' is used as a technical term in poetry for connecting all the +words of a verse-line by alliteration, as e.g. _slatt_, _sacc_, _socc_, +_simend_, _saland_. See Ir. Texte iii., p. 30. + +[76] _Cf._ LL. 344_a_: Carpre asks Cormac what are the sweetest things +he has heard, and Cormac answers: 'A shout of triumph after victory, +praise after reward, the invitation of a fair woman to her pillow.' + +113. Three impossible demands: go! though you cannot go, bring what you +have not got, do what you cannot do. + +114. Three idiots that are in a bad guest-house: the chronic cough of an +old hag, a brainless tartar of a girl, a hobgoblin of a gillie. + +115. The three chief sins: avarice, gluttony, lust. + +116. Tréde neimthigedar crossán: rige óile, rige théighe, rige bronn. + +117. Tréde neimthigedar círmaire: coimrith fri coin hi[c] cosnum chnáma, +adarc reithi do dírgud dia anáil cen tenid, dichetal for ochtraig co +rathochra a mbí ina íchtur for a úachtar do cho[.n]gna [et] cnámaib [et] +adarcaib. + + [Note 117: _om._ BMHLec dirge N otrach N corotochra N a mbid na + hichtar N huachtar N congnaim N] + +118. Tréde nemthigedar sáer: dlúthud cen fomus, cen fescred, lúd +lúadrinna, béimm fo chommus. + + [Note 118: _om._ BMHLec tri ara neimit_er_ N dluthugud N feiscre N + ludh luaithreand N] + +119. Tréde neimthigedar liaig: dígallræ, díainme, comchissi ce_n_ +ainchiss. + + [Note 119: _om._ BMHLec ara neimit_er_ liagh N coimcisin gin ainces N] + +120. Tréde neimthigedar gobainn: bir Neithin, fulacht na Morrígna, +inneóin in Dagda. + + [Note 120: _om._ BMHLec ara neimit_er_ gobaind N bir ndechin N] + +121. Tréde neimthigedar cerdai: fige ronn, cær comraic, plett for fæbur. + + [Note 121: _om._ BMHLec cerd N flet N] + +122. Tréde neimthigedar cruitire: golltraige, gentraige, súantraige. + + [Note 122-123: _om._ BMHLec] + +123. Tréde neimthigedar filid: immas forosna, teinm læda, dichetal di +chennaib. + +124. Dá mígairm míthocaid: commáidem do chétguine, do ben la fer n-aile. + + [Note 124: atte dá ní igairm (!) do neoch .i. maidem a + c_hét_guine [et] a bean do beith fri fer n-aill BM mitocaid N a cedgona + N a ben la fer n-aile N] + +125. Teora airi[se]na iarnduba: comar, cocless, clemnas. + + [Note 125: tri hairnadmand BMN iardubha M coicless LM coicle M] + +126. Trí bainne cétmuintire: bainne fola, bainne dér, bainne aillse. + + [Note 126: banda NBM] + +127. Trí coiri bíte in cach dúini: coire érma, coire goriath, coire +áiged. + + [Note 127: core B duini L duine B goiriat N aitiu N notead B + notheadh M] + +116. Three things that constitute a buffoon: blowing out his cheek, +blowing out his satchel, blowing out his belly. + +117. Three things that constitute a comb-maker: racing a hound in +contending for a bone; straightening a ram's horn by his breath, without +fire; chanting upon a dunghill so that all antlers and bones and horns +that are below come to the top. + +118. Three things that constitute a carpenter: joining together without +calculating (?), without warping (?); agility with the compass; a +well-measured stroke. + +119. Three things that constitute a physician: a complete cure, leaving +no blemish behind, a painless examination. + +120. Three things that constitute a blacksmith: Nethin's spit, the +cooking-hearth of the Morrigan, the Dagda's anvil.[77] + +[77] For a description and pictures of these appliances, see YBL., p. +419_a_, and Egerton, 1782, fo. 46_a_. + +121. Three things that constitute an artificer: weaving chains, a mosaic +ball,[78] an edge upon a blade. + +[78] O'Curry, Manners and Customs, ii., p. 253, thought that a _caer +comraic_ was 'a ball of convergent ribs or lines,' perhaps such a bead +or ball of mosaic glass as is depicted in Joyce's _Social History of +Ancient Ireland_, vol. ii., p. 32, fig. 171. _A cáer comraic_ of eight +different colours is mentioned in LB. 108_b_ 20. + +122. Three things that constitute a harper: a tune to make you cry, a +tune to make you laugh, a tune to put you to sleep.[79] + +[79] _Cf._ H. 3. 18, p. 87: tréide nemtighther cruit; goltraiges, +gentraiges, suantraiges. + +123. Three things that constitute a poet: 'knowledge that illumines,' +'_teinm laeda_,'[80] improvisation. + +[80] The names of various kinds of incantations. See Cormac's Glossary +and Ancient Laws, s.v. + +124. Two ominous cries of ill-luck: boasting of your first slaughter, +and of your wife being with another man. + +125. Three things betokening trouble: holding a plough-land in common, +performing feats together, alliance in marriage. + +126. Three drops of a wedded woman: a drop of blood, a tear-drop, a drop +of sweat. + +127. Three caldrons that are in every fort: the caldron of running, the +caldron _goriath_,[81] the caldron of guests. + +[81] Quite obscure to me. There is a heavily glossed poem in H. 3. 18, +beginning _Coire goriath_. In H. 2. 15, p. 117^b, after the colophon to +Dúil Laithne (Goid.,^2 p. 79), there are some further glosses, among +which I find: goiriath .i. gardhamh in gach iath, erma .i. uasal-iompú +no iar-iompa. But _érma_ seems the genitive of _érim_, 'a course.' + +128. Trí comartha láthraig bendachtan: clocc, salm, senad. + + [Note 128: lathrach bennachtan H bendacht L senad NBMH ocsenad L] + +129. Trí comartha láthraig mallachtan: tromm, tradna, nenaid. + + [Note 129: mallachtan HM neanad B neanntoch M tradnai BM tradna H] + +130. Teora muimmecha táide: caill, coim, adaig. + + [Note 130: tri muime BM tri buime gaiti H coill HM] + +131. Teora ranna sluinte fri cáintocad: trumma, toicthiu, talchaire. + + [Note 131: sloindti caintocaid N toicte N] + +132. Teora ranna sluinte dotcaid: tlás, áes, airbire. + + [Note 132: dotcaid N tlass ois oirbire N] + +133. Dí derb[.s]iair: tlás [et] trúaige. + + [Note 133: siair L tlas [et] trousca N truaighe BMH] + +134. Dá derbráthair: tocad [et] brugaide. + + [Note 134: brathair M toice [et] blailaige N togud B tacad H] + +135. Trí fuidb dotcadaig: ráthaiges, etargaire, fiadnaise. Dotoing dia +fiadnaisi, íccaid dia ráthaiges, doberar béimm n-etaigaire ina chinn. + + [Note 135: foidb dothcadaigh M toindid a fiadnaisi BM iccaid a + rathaigecht beiridh builleadha etargaire ina cind BM.] + +136. Trí sethraeha góa: béss, dóig, toimtiu. + + [Note 136: toimdi L] + +137. Trí bráthair uamain: sta! sit! coiste! + + [Note 137: braitri N omain BM ist sta [et] coisde BM sta sit coist N] + +138. Trí mairb fortgellat for bíu: med, airmed, forrach. + + [Note 138: forgellait H for fiu BM meid armeid BM forach H] + +139. Trí brothcáin rátha: rothicc, rosiacht, rotochtaig. + + [Note 139: brothcain ratha N raithi L rodícc rosiacht roto_n_cai N] + +140. Trí dubthrebtha: tuga co fúatchai, imme co for[.n]gaire, tírad co +n-aurgorad. + + [Note 140: doidbtrebtai tugai co fodaib imed co forrngaire N tuighe + go foidibh M co foitib Lec tiriudh M] + +141. Trí hiarnduba: fer tochmairc, fer gaite meirle, fer hic aisnéis. + + [Note 141: fear fochairc Lec fer aisneisi N] + +142. Trí maic beres drús do lonnus: tuilféth, fidchell, dulsaine. + + [Note 142: lundus N tulfeith N dullsaine L] + +143. Trí maic beres féile do ainmnit: grúss, rúss, rucca. + + [Note 143: ainmned N grús rús rucad N] + +144. Trí maic beres neóit do deinmnait: crith, dochell, grith. + + [Note 144: deinmnet N grith crith doicell N] + +145. Trí húar fíchte: tipra, muir, núæ corma. + + [Note 145: huara N] + +146. Trí fúammann móaigthe: fúam bó mblecht, fúam cerdchæ, fúam +aratbair. + + [Note 146: fuamandu moaigti N moigthi L fuaim bo mblicht N] + +128. Three tokens of a blessed site: a bell, psalm-singing, a synod (of +elders). + +129. Three tokens of a cursed site: elder, a corncrake, nettles.[82] + +[82] See my edition of _Cáin Adamnáin_, p. 13, note 3, and p. 38. + +130. Three nurses of theft: a wood, a cloak, night. + +131. Three qualities[83] that bespeak good fortune: self-importance, +..., self-will. + +[83] Literally, 'parts.' + +132. Three qualities[84] that bespeak misfortune: weariness, (premature) +old age, reproachfulness. + +[84] Literally, 'heaviness, weight.' + +133. Two sisters: weariness and wretchedness. + +134. Two brothers: prosperity and husbandry. + +135. Three unlucky...:[85] guaranteeing, mediating, witnessing. The +witness has to swear to his evidence, the guarantor has to pay for his +security, the mediator gets a blow on his head.[86] + +[85] The usual meanings of _fodb_, 'accoutrement, equipment, arms,' do +not seem to suit here. + +[86] Literally, 'the blow of mediation is dealt on his head.' + +136. Three false sisters: 'perhaps,' 'may be,' 'I dare say.' + +137. Three timid brothers: 'hush!' 'stop!' 'listen!' + +138. Three dead things that give evidence on live things: a pair of +scales, a bushel, a measuring-rod. + +139. Three pottages of guaranteeing....[87] + +[87] Obscure and probably corrupt. Cf. § 219. + +140. Three black husbandries: thatching with stolen things,[88] putting +up a fence with a proclamation of trespass, kiln-drying with scorching. + +[88] 'with sods,' NML, perperam. + +141. Three after-sorrows: a wooer's, a thief's, a tale-bearer's. + +142. Three sons whom folly bears to anger: frowning, ... ,[89] mockery +(?). + +[89] _fidchell_, the well-known game, gives no sense here. + +143. Three sons whom generosity bears to patience: ... , blushing, +shame. + +144. Three sons whom churlishness bears to impatience: trembling, +niggardliness, vociferation. + +145. Three cold things that seethe: a well, the sea, new ale. + +146. Three sounds of increase: the lowing of a cow in milk, the din of a +smithy, the swish of a plough. + +147. Trí hana antreinn: tipra i sléib, tene a liic, ana la fer calad. + + [Note 147: luc MSS. anai la fear calaid N] + +148. Trí aithgine in domuin: brú mná, uth bó, ness gobann. + + [Note 148: haitgine N aithgeinit L corathgen B coratgen M bru birite + BM meas(!) BMLec] + +149. Trí diubarta forsná íada dílse: tinnscra mná, imthomailt lánamna, +iarraid maicc. + + [Note 149: hiad N imtomailt N iarr_aid_ menicc(!) L] + +150. Trí cuir tintaiter do réir britheman: cor mná [et] micc [et] +bothaich. + + [Note 150: tinntaigter N] + +151. Trí nata[t] túalaing sainchuir: mac beo-athar, ben aurnadma, dóer +flatha. + + [Note 151: nad N] + +152. Trí maic nad rannat orbai: mac muini [et] aurlai [et] ingine fo +thrilis. + + [Note 152: erlai N] + +153. Trí ái nad eplet faill: ái dochuind, [et] dochraite, [et] anfis. + + [Note 153: dochainn N docraite N] + +154. Trí fuile ná dlegat frecor: fuil catha, [et] eóit, [et] etargaire. + + [Note 154: nad N etargaire N] + +155. Trí fuchachta nad increnat slabrai: a gabáil ar écin, a sleith tri +mescai, a turtugud do ríg. + + [Note 155: fúíchechta N slaibri N] + +156. Trí ná dlegat turbaidi: athchor maic, aicdi cherdai, gíallaigecht. + + [Note 156: nad dlegait turbaid N aige cerda N] + +157. Trí aithne ná dlegat taisec: aithne n-écuind, [et] ardneimid [et] +aithne fuirmeda. + + [Note 157: haitne nad dlegait taisec N ecoind N fuirmidai L] + +158. Trí mairb direnaiter beoaib: aball, coll, fidnemed. + + [Note 158: dorenatar beo N] + +159. Trí[ar] ná ditoing ná fortongar: ben, angar, amlabar. + + [Note 159: dotoing na fortoing_er_ L amlobar N] + +160. Trí ná dlegat athchommus: mac [et] a athair, ben [et] a céile, dóer +[et] a thigerna. + + [Note 160: na dlegait N] + +161. Trí nát fuigletar cia beith ar a ngáes: fer adgair [et] adgairther +[et] focrenar fri breith. + + [Note 161: nat fuigletar cia beit N fer adgair [et] adgair (sic) + [et] adgairter [et] rocrenar N] + +162. Trí fors ná tuit aititiu 'na ré: bás, anfis, anfaitches. + + [Note 162: anfuichc_h_es L anbaitces N] + +147. Three wealths in barren places: a well in a mountain, fire out of a +stone, wealth in the possession of a hard man. + +148. Three renovators of the world: the womb of woman, a cow's udder, a +smith's moulding-block. + +149. Three concealments upon which forfeiture does not close: a wife's +dowry, the food of a married couple, a boy's foster-fee. + +150. Three contracts that are reversed by the decision of a judge: the +contracts of a woman, of a son, of a cottar. + +151. Three that are incapable of special contracts[90]: a son whose +father is alive, a betrothed woman, the serf of a chief. + +[90] Or, 'of contracts on their own behalf.' + +152. Three sons that do not share inheritance: a son begotten in a +brake,[91] the son of a slave, the son of a girl still wearing tresses. + +[91] Cf. the expression _meirdrech muine_, 'a bush-strumpet,' Laws v. +176, 4. + +153. Three causes that do not die with neglect: the causes of an +imbecile, and of oppression, and of ignorance. + +154. Three bloodsheds that need not be impugned: the bloodshed of +battle, of jealousy, of mediating. + +155. Three cohabitations[92] that do not pay a marriage-portion: taking +her by force, outraging her without her knowledge through drunkenness, +her being violated by a king. + +[92] _fuchacht_, or _fuichecht_, usually means 'cuckoldry,' a meaning +which does not seem to suit here. + +156. Three that are not entitled to exemption: restoring a son, the +tools of an artificer, hostageship. + +157. Three deposits that need not be returned: the deposits of an +imbecile,[93] and of a high dignitary, and a fixed deposit.[94] + +[93] _i.e._ a deposit made by an imbecile. _Cf._ Plato, Republic: "But +surely you would never give back to a mad friend a sword which he had +lent you?" + +[94] But in the Heptads (Laws v. 196, 3) _aithne fuirmida_, there +rendered by 'a deposited charge,' is enumerated as one of those to be +restored even if there are no bonds to that effect. + +158. Three dead ones that are paid for with living things: an +apple-tree, a hazle-bush, a sacred grove.[95] + +[95] there is nothing in the laws to explain this. + +159. Three that neither swear nor are sworn: a woman, a son who does not +support his father, a dumb person. + +160. Three that are not entitled to renunciation of authority: a son and +his father, a wife and her husband, a serf and his lord. + +161. Three who do not adjudicate though they are possessed of wisdom: a +man who sues, a man who is being sued, a man who is bribed to give +judgment. + +162. Three on whom acknowledgment does not fall in its time: death, +ignorance, carelessness. + +163. Trí foimrimme ná dlegad díre: homan, robud, toxal. + + [Note 163: foimrime N foimrenn L na dlegaid N robad N] + +164. Trí duilgine conrannat gníaid: duilgine coiri, duilgine muilinn, +duilgine tige. + + [Note 164: duilcinne N conrenad gnia N] + +165. Trí nóill doná dlegar frithnóill: nóill mná fri húaitni, nóill fir +mairb, nóill díthir. + + [Note 165: naill nad dlegad fritnáill luige mna N luide N luige + ditire N] + +166. Trí gráda coillte túath ina ngói: gói ríg, gói [.s]enchada, gói +bretheman. + + [Note 166-220: _om._ HBMLec inango N go N] + +167. Trí sóir dogníat dóeru díb féin: tigerna renas a déiss, rígan téite +co haithech, mac filed léces a cheird. + + [Note 167: daoir dib fein N des N deissi L teid N treiges a cerd N] + +168. Trí ruip conberat duinechinaid: cú áraig, reithe lonn, ech +daintech. + + [Note 168: araid N reithid N daindtech N] + +169. Trí ruip ara tíagat cinta: cú foilm[n]ech, sleg caille, slissén +chomneibi. + +170. Trí imuserenat: saill, imm, iarn, fechemnas toisc leimmid eicsi. + + [Note 170: imus crenait saill N sall L iaronn N feitemnus toisc + leine im eiccsi N] + +171. Trí comartha aragella i tig britheman: ecna, aisnéis, intlecht. + + [Note 171: comardda L aragellat a tig bretheman N taig L aisnesen + intliuchtach L] + +172. Trí dlegat aurfocrai: aél coire, fidba cen [.s]eim, ord cen dimosc. + + [Note 172: dlegait urfogræ N fidbaigh can tseim ord gan dimosc N + dinsem L] + +173. Trí doruis gúa: tacra fergach, fotha n-utmall n-eolais, aisnéis cen +chuimni. + + [Note 173: fothad utmall N eolus aisena oca_n_ coimni N] + +174. Trí doruis a n-aichnither fír: frecra n-ainmnetach, ái fossad, sóud +fri fíadnu. + + [Note 174: an aithnit_er_ fiorinne N freaccra n-ainmnedach N ainmeta + L ai fosaid sodad N] + +175. Trí búada airechta: brithem cen fúasnad, etirchert cen écnach, coma +cen diupairt. + + [Note 175: fuasna L] + +176. Trí tonna cen gáissi: tacra calad, breth cen eolas, airecht labar. + + [Note 176: ton_n_a gaisi N donnadgaissi L tonna gan gaoise H. 1. 11 + brethem N] + +177. Trí búada insci: fosta, gáis, gairde. + + [Note 177: buadad innsce N gois N] + +178. Trí cumtaig gáisse: immed n-eolais, lín fássach, dagaigni do +airbirt. + + [Note 178: lion fasaid N] + +163. Three usucaptions that are not entitled to a fine: fear, warning, +asportation. + +164. Three wages that labourers share: the wages of a caldron,[96] the +wages of a mill, the wages of a house. + +[96] _i.e._ of making a caldron, &c. + +165. Three oaths that do not require fulfilment[97]: the oath of a woman +in birth-pangs, the oath of a dead man, the oath of a landless man. + +[97] Literally, 'a counter-oath, a second oath.' + +166. Three ranks that ruin tribes in their falsehood: the falsehood of a +king, of a historian, of a judge. + +167. Three free ones that make slaves of themselves: a lord who sells +his land, a queen who goes to a boor, a poet's son who abandons his +(father's) craft. + +168. Three brutes whose trespasses count as human crimes: a chained +hound, a ferocious ram, a biting horse. + +169. Three brutish things that atone for crimes: a leashed hound, a +spike in a wood, a lath....[98] + +[98] _comneibi_ is a [Greek: hapax legomenon] to me. + +170. Three things that ... salt-meat, butter, iron....[99] + +171. Three signs that ... [99] in a judge's house: wisdom, information, +intellect. + +172. Three things that should be proclaimed: the flesh-fork of a +caldron, a bill-hook without a rivet, a sledge-hammer without....[99] + +[99] Obscure and probably corrupt. + +173. Three doors of falsehood: an angry pleading, a shifting foundation +of knowledge, giving information without memory. + +174. Three doors through which truth is recognised: a patient answer, a +firm pleading, appealing to witnesses. + +175. Three glories of a gathering: a judge without perturbation, a +decision without reviling, terms (agreed upon) without fraud. + +176. Three waves without wisdom: hard pleading, judgment without +knowledge, a talkative gathering. + +177. Three glories of speech: steadiness, wisdom, brevity. + +178. Three ornaments of wisdom: abundance of knowledge, a number of +precedents, to employ a good counsel. + +179. Trí miscena indsci: rigne, dlúithe, dulbaire. + + [Note 179: miscne indsce N raighni L] + +180. Trí fostai dagbanais: fosta thengad [et] gensa [et] airnb_ern_tais. + + [Note 180: fosta N fostadh tengad N airb_er_tais N] + +181. Trí fóindil drochbanais: fóindil scél [et] ataid [et] airberntais. + + [Note 181: _om._ N] + +182. Trí búada étaig: maisse, clithcha, suthaine. + + [Note 182: buadhad N cliche N] + +183. Trí ná dlegat othras: fer aslúi flaith [et] fini [et] fili. + + [Note 183: nad d_leg_ait dire fer doslaig flaith [et] file [et] fine + N feili L] + +184. Trí tharsuinn archuillet othras: echmuir, mil, saillti. + + [Note 184: tharsunn L tarsuind aircaillti othiais N] + +185. Trí mná ná dlegat díri: ben lasma cuma cipé las fái, ben gatach, +ben aupthach. + + [Note 185: nat d_leg_ait N cia las f(a)oi N optach N] + +186. Trí dofortat cach flaith: góu, forsnaidm, fingal. + + [Note 186: dofortad gach fl_ath_a N] + +187. Trí túarascbait cach ngenmnaide: fosta, féile, sobraide. + + [Note 187: tuarascb_ál_a genmnaid fostad N] + +188. Trí ara n-aichnider cach fergach: ír, crith, imbánad. + + [Note 188: tri aichnider L aranaithnent_ur_ N hir L] + +189. Trí thúarascbait cach n-ainmnetach: sámtha, túa, imderead. + + [Note 189: tuarascbalai gach nainmnedaigh samtad N tuai L] + +19O. Trí thúarascbait cach n-úallach: mórthu, maisse, máine. + + [Note 190: tuaruscbalai cach ndubalcai mortha N] + +191. Trí forindet cach n-umal: bochtatu, dínnime, humallóit. + + [Note 191: forinded N bochtai N] + +192. Trí airdi gáisse: ainmne, faiscsiu, fáthaige. + + [Note 192: hairdhe N faicsi fathaidhi N] + +193. Trí airdi drúisse: bág, imresain, condailbe. + + [Note 193: _om._ N] + +194. Tréde immifoilnge gáis do báeth: ecna, fosta, sochoisce. + + [Note 194: imfuilnge N] + +195. Tréde immifoilnge báis do gáeth: fúasnad, ferg, mesca. + + [Note 195: imfailnge baoth N] + +196. Tréde faillsiges cach ndag[.f]eras: dán, gaisced, crésine. + + [Note 196: cach degfer_us_ N cresenai N] + +197. Tréde faillsigedar cach ndroch[.f]eras: serba, miscais, midlachas. + + [Note 197: faillsigh_us_ cach drochferus N] + +198. Trí foglúaiset fóenledchu: ingreim, dolud, dommatu. + + [Note 198: fainnelca N dolai N] + +179. Three hateful things in speech: stiffness,[100] obscurity, a bad +delivery. + +[100] In Mod. Ir. _righneas labhartha_ means 'an impediment in speech.' +See Dinneen's Dictionary, s.v. + +180. Three steadinesses of good womanhood: keeping a steady tongue, a +steady chastity, and a steady housewifery. + +181. Three strayings of bad womanhood: letting her tongue,[101] and ... +and her housewifery go astray. + +[101] Literally, 'stories.' + +182. Three excellences of dress: elegance, comfort, lastingness. + +183. Three that are not entitled to sick-maintenance: a man who absconds +from his chief, from his family, from a poet. + +184. Three sauces that spoil a sick-bed: ...,[102] honey, salt food. + +[102] I believe _echmuir_ to be the name of a plant: but I cannot find +the reference. + +185. Three women that are not entitled to a fine: a woman who does not +care with whom she sleeps, a thievish woman, a sorceress. + +186. Three things that ruin every chief: falsehood, overreaching, +parricide.[103] + +[103] Or rather 'murder of relations.' + +187. Three things that characterise every chaste person: steadiness, +modesty, sobriety. + +188. Three things by which every angry person is known: an outburst of +passion, trembling, growing pale. + +189. Three things that characterise every patient person: repose, +silence, blushing. + +190. Three things that characterise every haughty person: pompousness, +elegance, (display of) wealth. + +191. Three things that tell every humble person: poverty, homeliness, +servility. + +192. Three signs of wisdom: patience, closeness, the gift of prophecy. + +193. Three signs of folly: contention, wrangling, attachment (to +everybody). + +194. Three things that make a fool wise: learning, steadiness, +docility.[104] + +[104] _Cf._ dán ecna dogni ríg do bocht, dogni gáeth do báeth, &c., LL. +346^a35. + +195. Three things that make a wise man foolish: quarrelling, anger, +drunkenness. + +196. Three things that show every good man: a special gift,[105] valour, +piety. + +[105] Such as art, poetry, &c. + +197. Three things that show a bad man: bitterness, hatred, cowardice. + +198. Three things that set waifs a-wandering: persecution, loss, +poverty. + +199. Trí slabrada hi cumregar clóine: cotach, ríagail, rechtge. + + [Note 199: racht N] + +200. Trí all frisa timargar béscna: mainister, flaith, fine. + + [Note 200: tri frisa N mineistir N flatha N] + +201. Trí caindle forosnat cach ndorcha: fír, aicned, ecna. + +202. Tréde neimthigedar ríg: fonaidm ruirech, feis Temrach, roimse inna +[.f]laith. + + [Note 202: tri aran_em_it_er_ rí N] + +203. Trí glais foríadat rúine: náire, túa, dochta. + + [Note 203: ruini L] + +204. Trí heochracha aroslicet imráitiu: mescca, tairisiu, serc. + + [Note 204: oslaice imraite N] + +205. Trí orbai rannaiter fiad chomarbaib: orba drúith [et] orba +dásachtaig [et] orba sin. + + [Note 205: rannait fia comarbaoibh (_sic_) N] + +206. Trí seithir óited: tol, áilde, féile. + + [Note 206: aide toil N] + +207. Trí seithir sentad: cnet, genas, éitche. + +208. Trí seithir sognáise: feidle, soithnges, cuinnmíne. + + [Note 208: feili soingtes connamno N soithgnes L] + +209. Trí seithir dognáise: luinne, cétludche, tairismige. + + [Note 209: cetluithche N] + +210. Trí seithir sotcaid: sognas, sochell, súarcus. + + [Note 210: sottch N sothchaidh L sognais L] + +211. Trí seithir sochlatad: léire, trebaire, rathmaire. + +212. Trí seithir dochlatad: laxa, díbe, prapchaillte. + + [Note 212: doclata N] + +213. Trí seithir ferge: écnach, augra, doithnges. + + [Note 213: doingteas N] + +214. Trí seithir deirmiten: tromdatu, espatu, utmaille. + +215. Trí seithir airmiten: torbatu, airétrumma, fosta. + +216. Trí banlæ: lúan, mairt, cétáin. Mná co firu innib, bid mó a serc la +firu indá serc a fer leo-som [et] beit a mná tar éis na fer sin. + + [Note 216: bandla N at mna beit tara n-eiseiu N] + +217. Trí ferlæ: .i. dardáin, áine, domnach. Mná co firu intib, beitit na +mná sin fo dígrad [et] beitit a fir dia n-éisi. Satharn im_morro_ is +laithe coitchenn. Is comlíth dóib. Lúan sáer do dul fri cach les. + + [Note 217: aoine satharn _nó_ domnach N innib N beidis N] + +218. Trí gníma rátha: fosta, féile, lobra. Fosta i n-árus, féile, arná +ebra góe, lobra hícce .i. lécud a lomartha i n-indligud dar a +[.f]echimain. + + [Note 218: om. ratha L lubrai N anarus N heibre gói N lubrai ice .i. + leacadh lomartha anindli_ged_ dar cenn feichi_man_ N] + +199. Three chains by which evil propensity is bound: a covenant, a +(monastic) rule, law. + +200. Three rocks to which lawful behaviour is tied: a monastery,[106] a +chieftain, the family. + +[106] 'The credence-table,' N., perperam. + +201. Three candles that illumine every darkness: truth, nature, +knowledge. + +202. Three things that constitute a king: a contract with (other) kings, +the feast of Tara, abundance during his reign. + +203. Three locks that lock up secrets: shame, silence, closeness. + +204. Three keys that unlock thoughts: drunkenness, trustfulness, love. + +205. Three inheritances that are divided in the presence of heirs: the +inheritance of a jester, of a madman, and of an old man. + +206. Three youthful sisters: desire, beauty, generosity. + +207. Three aged sisters: groaning, chastity, ugliness. + +208. Three well-bred sisters: constancy, well-spokenness, kindliness. + +209. Three ill-bred sisters: fierceness, lustfulness, obduracy. + +210. Three sisters of good fortune: good breeding, liberality, mirth. + +211. Three sisters of good repute: diligence, prudence, bountifulness. + +212. Three sisters of ill repute: inertness, grudging, closefistedness. + +213. Three angry sisters: blasphemy, strife, foulmouthedness. + +214. Three irreverent sisters: importunity, frivolity, flightiness. + +215. Three reverent sisters: usefulness, an easy bearing, firmness. + +216. Three woman-days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday. If women go to men on +those days, the men will love them better than they the men, and the +women will survive the men. + +217. Three man-days: Thursday, Friday, Sunday. If women go to men on +those days, they will not be loved, and their husbands will survive +them. Saturday, however, is a common day. It is equally lucky to them. +Monday is a free day to undertake any business. + +218. Three duties of guarantorship: staying (at home), honesty, +suffering (?); staying in one's residence, honesty lest he utter +falsehood, suffering (?) payment, viz. letting oneself be stripped for +an illegal action instead of the debtor. + +219. Trí brothcháin rátha: éir[i]c nó thogním fecheman no díthechte. + + [Note 219: brocain N _no_ no thognim L ditechta N dithechdi L] + +220. Trí húais rátha [et] aitiri [et] nadma .i. dul fri dénam dúine ríg +[et] daurthaige [et] choiri. Ar is úais do fir fine do thabairt fria +céili. + + [Note 220: eit_er_i N nadmadh fri N] + +221. Trí as anergnaid do neoch: slaide a eich ríana thigerna co salaig a +étach, dul ina chocar cen gairm, a sírdéicsiu ina agaid oc caithem +neich. + + [Note 221: is ainergna N tri saineargnaidh M slaige BN rena BMN + sirdeicsin N sirdegsain BM caithium BM aeaitniem a coda N] + +222. Trí bassa téchtai: bass etir a assa [et] a ochrai, bass etir a ó +[et] a berrad, bass etir chorthair a léined [et] a glún. + + [Note 222: corrthair M] + +223. Cia mesam hi trebod? Maic mná méile, fleda menci, clemna ile, immat +meda scéo fína: notchrínat, ní thormaiget. + + [Note 223: cidh is messa do treb_ad_ ni _hansa_ N mic B imad fianna + nodcrinaid [et] nítoirmuigid BM imchiana (!) N nitormaigett N] + +224. Trí galair ata ferr sláinti: seola mná for mac, gríss bronn-galair +glanas broinn, gríss timgaire olc dia maith. + + [Note 224: seol N sceola(!) for fermac BM galar timargur olc do + maith N timgaire B di maith B do maith M] + +225. Trí fáilti coirmthige: immed [et] dúthracht [et] elathó. + + [Note 225: ealathaoi N ealado do neoch carthar BM] + +226. Trí fognama ata messam dogní duine: fognam do drochmnái [et] do +drochthigerna [et] do drochgobainn. + + [Note 226: mesa N drochflaith B drochf_er_ann N] + +227. Trí ata ferr i tig: daim, fir, béla. + + [Note 227: dam N] + +228. Trí ata messum i tig: m_ai_c, mná, méile. + + [Note 228: measum bite a taig mic BM] + +229. Trí comartha tirdachta .i. immargal [et] immarbág [et] meraichne. + + [Note 229: im_ur_cal im_ur_baid imraithne N imabad LBM] + +230. Cenéle amus: salanaig buale [et] buicc brodnai [et] eóin erchoille +[et] seiche corad. + + [Note 230: cenela BM buale _om._ BM earcaille M córadh M] + +231. Cenéle dáileman: mórmenmnach meda, bolcsrónach brocóiti, itfa +eserni, cúacroessach, donndabach, bolcra paitte, abartach escrai, geir +grainne, cranndretel cuirn. + + [Note 231: cenela BM metha H bolgsronach BM itfa eserne BM + cuachroeasach BM cuachrochesach H baite BM haiti H abarthach easgraidh + M gearr grandai B grenn graindi H crand rebartach H treiteal cuirnd M + cuirnn L] + +219. The pottages of guarantorship: wer-geld or a debtor's ... or +non-possession (?)[107] + +[107] Obscure and probably corrupt. Cp. § 139. + +220. Three things hard to guarantee and to become a hostage and to make +a contract for: to go security for constructing the fort of a king, an +oratory, and a caldron. For it is hard for a man of a family to be given +with (?) his fellow.[108] + +[108] I cannot make out the meaning of _doberim fri_. + +221. Three things that are undignified for everyone: driving one's horse +before one's lord so as to soil his dress, going to speak to him without +being summoned, staring in his face as he is eating his food. + +222. Three lawful handbreadths: a handbreadth between shoes and hose, a +handbreadth between ear and hair, a handbreadth between the fringe of +the tunic and the knee. + +223. What is worst in a household? Sons of a bawd, frequent feasts, +numerous alliances in marriages, abundance of mead and wine. They waste +you and do not profit. + +224. Three illnesses that are better than health: the lying-in of a +woman with a male child, the fever of an abdominal disease that clears +the bowels, a feverish passion to check evil by its good (?). + +225. Three welcomes of an ale-house: plenty and kindliness and art. + +226. Three services the worst that a man can serve: serving a bad woman, +a bad lord, and a bad smith.[109] + +[109] 'bad land,' N. + +227. Three things that are best in a house: oxen,[110] men, axes. + +[110] 'an ox,' N. + +228. Three that are worst in a house: boys, women, lewdness.[111] + +[111] 'Or, perhaps, as in § 223, 'sons of a lewd woman,' only in that +case we have no triad. + +229. Three signs of boorishness: strife, and contention, and mistaking a +person for another (?)[112] + +[112] Or, perhaps, 'slight or superficial knowledge.' + +230. Various kinds of mercenaries: ....[113] + +231. Various kinds of dispensers: ....[113] + +[113] As I could only offer unsatisfactory guess-work as a translation +of these passages, I omit them altogether. + +232. Trí as anso bís do accallaim .i. rí imma gabáil [et] Gall ina +lúirig [et] athech do muin commairchi. + + [Note 232: annsom (andso H) do agallaim bís BHM rig M cumairce N a + chumairci H] + +233. Trí as mó menma bís .i. scolóc íar légad a [.s]alm [et] gilla íar +lécud a erraid úad [et] ingen íar ndénam mná dí. + + [Note 233: trede BMHN scol_aigi_ N scolaidi H íar lecun a eri uada H + íar leccad a arad uad N] + +234. Cetharda forná bí cosc nó ríagail .i. gilla sacairt [et] cú +muilleórach [et] mac bantrebthaige [et] gamain gamnaige. + + [Note 234: fornach bi BM ná BM gamnaidhe M] + +235. Tri húais dóib: dul ar ríg nó úasal nemid, ar is lethiu enech ríg +aidbriud; dul fri cath, ar ní túalaing nech glinni fri cath acht ríg +lasmbíat secht túatha foa mám; dul fri cimmidecht acht nech lasa mbí mug +dóer. Secht n-aurgarta dóib: dul ar deoraid, ar drúth [et] ar +dásachtach, ar díaraig, ar angar, ar éconn, ar essconn. Imnedach da_no_ +cach ráth, ar is écen dí díanapud im cach ngell dob_eir_, aill riam, +aill íarum. + + [Note 235: n_em_i N it lethai L lethe N aidbriu N tulaing N glinde N + acht nech laisimbiad N fo mam_m_i N cimbidheacht acht nech lasambiad + mogh daor dil_es_ N dasachtaig N imnedach do_no_ cech raith N imni + da_no_ L dianapad N dobeir N] + +236. Trí hamra Glinne Dalláin i tír Eogain: torcc Dromma Leithe, is ass +rochin [et] is dó-side for[.f]éimid Finn ní, co torchair im Maig Lii la +aithech búi hic tírad, ut dixit Finn: + + Ní mad biadsam ar cono. ní mad ríadsam ar n-echa + tan is aithechán átha. romarb torcc Dromma Letha. + +Míl Leittreach Dalláin, cenn duine fair, dénam builc gobann olchena .i. +ech usci robói isind loch i tóeb na cille, is hé dochúaid ar ingín in +t[.s]acairt co ndergene in míl frie. Dam Dili in tres ingnad. Asind loch +cétna táinic a athair co ndechaid for boin do búaib in brugad robói i +fail na cille, co ndeirgenai in dam de. + + [Note 236: as as rocin N forfeimdi N Muig Hi N Muig Hith H. 1.15 ma + biasam N ma riadsim ar n-eacha N ricsam andechi L L_et_hæ N Leithi L ase + docoid N fria N isin N co nderrna an dam fria N] + +232. Three that are most difficult to talk to: a king about his booty, a +viking in his hauberk, a boor who is under patronage. + +233. Three whose spirits are highest: a young scholar after having read +his psalms, a youngster who has put on man's attire,[114] a maiden who +has been made a woman. + +[114] Literally, 'who has doffed his (boy's) clothes.' + +234. Four on whom there is neither restraint nor rule: the servant of a +priest, a miller's hound, a widow's son, and a stripper's calf. + +235. Three hard things[115]: to go security on behalf of a king or +highly privileged person, for a king's honour is wider than any claim; +to go security for battle, for no one is capable of any security for a +battle save a king under whose yoke are seven tribes; to go security for +captivity, except one who owns a serf. + +Seven prohibitions: to go security for an outlaw, for a jester and for a +madman, for a person without bonds, for an unfilial person, for an +imbecile, for one excommunicated. Troublesome moreover is every +security, for it is necessary for it to give sudden notice as regards +every pledge which he gives, now beforehand, now afterwards. + +[115] I do not understand the force of _dóib_, 'to them,' either here or +below after _secht n-aurgarta_. + +236. Three wonders of Glenn Dallan[116] in Tirowen: the boar of Druim +Leithe. It was born there, and Finn was unable to do aught against it, +until it fell in Mag Li[117] by a peasant who was kiln-drying. Whence +Finn said: + +[116] Now Glencar, six miles to the north of the town of Sligo. + +[117] The territory of the Tir Lí, west of the river Bann. + + + "Not well have we fed our hounds, + Not well have we driven our horses, + Since a little boor from a kiln + Has killed the boar of Druim Leithe." + +The Beast of Lettir Dallan. It has a human head and otherwise the shape +of a smith's bellows. The water-horse which lived in the lake by the +side of the church cohabited with the daughter of the priest and begot +the beast upon her. + +The Ox of Dil[118] is the third wonder. Its father came out of the same +lake, and went upon one of the cows of the landholder who lived near the +church, and begot the ox upon her. + +[118] The oxen of Dil, daughter of Míl or Legmannair, are mentioned in +the Dindsenchas, No. 44 and 111 (Rev. Celt. xv.). + +237. Trí hamra Connacht: lige nÉothaili 'na thrácht. Comard hé frisin +trácht. Intan atraig in muir, comard hé fria lán. Dirna (.i. cloch) in +Dagdai, cia fochertar im-muir, cia berthair hi tech fo glass, dodeime a +tiprait oca mbí. In dá chorr i n-Inis Cathaig, nocha légat corra aili +leo inna n-insi [et] téit in banchorr isin fairrgi síar do duth, co tóet +cona heisínib essi [et] nocon fagbat curaig eolus cia airm in doithi. + + [Note 237: comaird i frisin lan N focerda a muir no cia bert_ar_ N + _no_ do deime _no_ dogeibt_er_ a tibr_aid_ oca mbid N do _nó_ todeime L + corr N chuirr L Ceitig N leigitt N do doich N heisenaib eisib [et] + nochan fagbuid N eolus _om._ L hairm in doich N] + +238. Trí luchra ata mesa: luchra tuinde, luchra mná bóithe, luchra con +foléimnige. + + [Note 238: _om._ LHBM luchra duine H^1 foleimnigh N] + +239. Cisne trí ana soitcedach? Ní handsa són. Immarchor erlam, cuirm cen +árus, cummairce for sét. + + [Note 239: a tri N] + +240. Trí maic beres genas do gáis: gal, gart, gaire. + +241. Trí airfite dála: drúth, fuirsire, oirce. + + [Note 241: druith H^1] + +242. Trí ata ferr do [.f]laith: fír, síth, slóg. + + [Note 242: adda H^1] + +243. Trí ata mesa do [.f]laith: lén, brath, míairle. + + [Note 243: adda H^1 ada N] + +244. Ceithre báis breithe: a breith i ngó, a breith cen dilse, a breith +cen ailig, a breith cen forus. + + [Note 244: disle H^1 disliu N] + +245. Trí adcoillet gáis: anfis, doas, díchuimne. + + [Note 245: a tri N ainbh[.f]es H^1 duas H^1] + +246. Trí muime ordain: delb cháin, cuimne maith, creisine. + + [Note 246: ordan H^1 chaoin H^1] + +247. Trí muime menman: sotla, suirge, mesce. + + [Note 247: socla .i. sochlú H^1] + +248. Cetheora miscne flatha: .i. fer báeth utmall, fer dóer dímáin. fer +gúach esindraic, fer labor dísceoil; ar ní tabair labrai acht do +chethrur: .i. fer cerda fri háir [et] molad, fer coimgni cuimnech fri +haisnéis [et] scélugud, brethem fri bretha, sencha fri senchas. + +249. Trí dorcha in betha: aithne, ráthaiges, altrom. + +237. Three wonders of Connaught: the grave of Eothaile[119] on its +strand. It is as high as the strand. When the sea rises, it is as high +as the tide. + +The stone of the Dagda. Though it be thrown into the sea, though it be +put into a house under lock, ... out of the well at which it is. + +The two herons in Scattery island. They let no other herons to them into +the island, and the she-heron goes on the ocean westwards to hatch and +returns thence with her young ones. And coracles have not discovered the +place of hatching. + +[119] _Cf._ § 197. + +238. Three worst smiles: the smile of a wave, the smile of a lewd woman, +the grin of a dog ready to leap.[120] + +[120] _Cf._ § 91. + +239. What are the three wealths of fortunate people? Not hard to tell. A +ready conveyance(?), ale without a habitation(?), a safeguard upon the +road. + +240. Three sons whom chastity bears to wisdom: valour, generosity, +laughter (filial piety?). + +241. Three entertainers of a gathering: a jester, a juggler, a lap-dog. + +242. Three things that are best for a chief: justice, peace, an army. + +243. Three things that are worst for a chief: sloth, treachery, evil +counsel. + +244. The four deaths of judgment: to give it in falsehood, to give it +without forfeiture, to give it without precedent, to give it without +knowledge. + +245. Three things that ruin wisdom: ignorance, inaccurate knowledge, +forgetfulness. + +246. Three nurses of dignity: a fine figure, a good memory, piety. + +247. Three nurses of high spirits: pride, wooing, drunkenness. + +248. Four hatreds of a chief: a silly flighty man, a slavish useless +man, a lying dishonourable man, a talkative man who has no story to +tell.[121] For a chief does not grant speech save to four: a poet for +satire and praise, a chronicler of good memory for narration and +story-telling, a judge for giving judgments, an historian for ancient +lore.[122] + +[121] _i.e._, who has nothing worth hearing to say. + +[122] See a similar passage in Ancient Laws i., p. 18, and in the tale +called, 'The Conversion of Loegaire to the Faith' (Rev. Celt. iv., p. +165). + +249. Three dark[123] things of the world: giving a thing into keeping, +guaranteeing, fostering. + +[123] _i.e._, uncertain what will come of them. + +250. Trí urgarta bíd: a chaithem cen altugud, a chaithem d'éis óiged, a +chaithem réna thrath cóir. + + [Note 250: haurgartho N^1 hurgairt HM hurghairrthe H^2 d'aithli + aidead H cóir om. NH^2 iarna coir M] + +251. Cetheora aipgitre gáise: ainmne, sonmathe, sobraid[e], sothnges; ar +is gáeth cach ainmnetach [et] sái cach somnath, fairsing cach sobraid, +sochoisc cach sothengtha. + + [Note 251: somna sobraicch H^2 sobés N soingthes H^2 somnoigh H^2 + farsigh [_leg._ farsing] .i. sgaoiltech H^2] + +252. Cetheora aipgitre báise: báithe, condailbe, imresan, doingthe. + +253. Teora sírechta flatha: cuirmthech cen aisnéis, buiden cen erdonail, +dírim cen chona. + + [Note 253: airdanail N erdanail N^1] + +254. Trí indchoisc ordain do duine: .i. sodelb, sáire, sulbaire. + + [Note 254: a tri ina coisceadh ordan M suirbire H] + +255. Trí gúala doná fess fudomain: gúala flatha, gúala ecalse, gúala +nemid filed. + + [Note 255: dana H fodhomain M] + +256. Trí féich nach dlegar faill: féich thíre, duilgine achaid, argius +aiste. + + [Note 256: nat eple faill M aichid M argui_us_ H] + +250. Three prohibitions of food: to eat it without giving thanks, to eat +it before its proper time, to eat it after a guest. + +251. Four elements[124] of wisdom: patience, docility, sobriety, +well-spokenness; for every patient person is wise, and every docile +person is a sage, every sober person is generous, every well-spoken +person is tractable. + +252. Four elements[124] of folly: silliness, bias, wrangling, +foulmouthedness. + +[124] Literally, 'alphabets.' + +253. Three tabus of a chief: an ale-house without story-telling, a troop +without a herald, a great company without wolfhounds.[125] + +[125] This triad has been wrongly read (fais_cre_ instead of fais_n_e_is_) +and rendered by O'Grady in his Catalogue of Ir. mss. in the British +Museum, p. 91. + +254. Three indications of dignity in a person: a fine figure, a free +bearing, eloquence. + +255. Three coffers whose depth is not known: the coffer of a chieftain, +of the Church,[126] of a privileged poet. + +[126] "Die Kirche hat einen guten Magen," Goethe, Faust. + +256. Three debts which must not be neglected:[127] debts of land, +payment of a field, instruction (?) of poetry. + +[127] 'Which do not die by neglect,' M. + + + + +GLOSSES AND NOTES + + +1. Gloss in H. 1. 15: oir gurab innte do bhí suidhe príomhaigh Éirenn. + +2. .i. ordaighecht nó ord uaisle nó airechas .i. arduaislighecht tre +adhluicedh na ríogh inte [et] na naoimh. + +4. .i. serc Éirenn ó annsacht cháich uirre tre Muire na nGaodhal .i. +Brighid. + +5. .i. naomthacht tre naomaibh, nó foghluim sruth .i. saoi-raith. + +7. .i. feronn buird riogh Éirenn. + +11. .i. tre cáich innte nó tre n-iomad taisi innte. + +13. .i. eircille ar grádhuibh dar ndóigh fa tuarasdul giolla foic[h]le, +nó tuarastail. + +14. .i. liodáin do gnáth. + +15. .i. ealadhna mór ann [et] senchaoi [.f]esa na sen. + +16. .i. a n-iomat breithemhuin, nó cúirt, nó sgol féinechuis ann. + +17. .i. ó iomad scol innte. + +18. .i. aoibnes nó conách nó er tír fo sliocht Éireann. + +19. .i. ag guidhe ar gach duine. + +20. .i. tre leigen Temhrach. This refers to the curse pronounced by +Ruadan, the founder of Lorrha, against King Diarmait and Tara. + +22. .i. cairedh inte. St. Feichin, the founder of Fore, was famous for +the austerity of his devotion. 'He used to set his wretched rib against +the hard cell without raiment,' says Cuimmine in his poem on the Saints +of Ireland (_Zeitschr._, I., p. 63). + +24. .i. diamharracht nó aon ar anacht nó gloine. + +25. .i. luathghaire a mBreifne. + +26. .i. grádh Dé. + +28. .i. áit comhnuidhe. + +30. .i. cill as mesa do cheallaibh nó béim aithesach nó ceall dáir. + +31. .i. genmnacht. + +32. .i. léime tara do tugsat. + +33. .i. bailte bodaich. + +34. trí clothra .i. coimhthineoil cluacha nó uirdherca. + +36. Dún Sobairchi and Dún Cermna are, according to tradition, the oldest +stone forts in Ireland, having been built by Sobairche and Cermna, who +divided Ireland between them, about 1500 B.C., the former placing his +dún in the extreme north, the latter in the extreme south on the Old +Head of Kinsale. + +37. Slíab Cua (or, by eclipse after the neuter _slíab_, Gúa), 'the +hollow mountain,' or 'mountain of hollows' (_cúa_ = Lat. _cavus_), the +native name for the Knockmealdown mountains on the borders of Tipperary +and Waterford. + +42. Dercc Ferna was demolished by the Norse in 930. Hennessy, in a note +on the entry in the AU., says that it is supposed to be the cave of +Dunmore, not far from the city of Kilkenny, but adds "apparently on +insufficient evidence." + +44. i. ionadha dona no nemhchonáig. Here we get the only gloss in L. +Bangor is said to be unlucky, "because of its having been destroyed so +often." It was frequently plundered by the Norse during the ninth +century. As to the kingship of Mugdorn Maigen (now Cremorne barony, Co. +Monaghan), it certainly was an ill-fated dynasty. Of the sixteen kings +of this tribe who are mentioned in the Annals of Ulster, ten were put to +death, of whom one (Suibne) was slain by his own brothers, while two +brothers, Gilla Ciaráin and Máelmúaid, were slain within the same year +(1020), the latter after having been king for but one day. + +45. Beyond the fact that the three tribes here mentioned belonged to the +_aithech-thuatha_ or rent-paying tribes, I know nothing to throw light +on the triad. + +51. In Harl. 5280, p. 75a, marg. inf., Druimm nDrobeoil is said to +derive its name from a horse called Drobel. (Ech Dedad. i. Drobel a ainm +diatá Druim nDrob_eoil_.) + +56. Here H. has the absurd etymological gloss futhairbhe .i. fothirbhe +.i. tír mhaith na mbeo, nó ferann maith. + +60. Léim Congcoluinn i gcondae in Chláir. + +64. .i. miodhchonách duine. Suighe cumhang .i. deireoil. + +65. iarmar cléithe .i. salchar na cléithe d'fágbhail a bferann. +drithlennach .i. ferthain anuas nó linn thríd. + +66. The first two items occur also in the list of proverbial sayings +addressed by the Wizard Doctor to Mac Conglinne (_Aisl. Maic C._, p. +73), with the significant variation that 'a veteran in the abbotship' +has become 'a veteran in the bishop's chair,' showing that the 'Vision +of Mac Conglinne' was composed at a time when the diocese had superseded +the old monastic constitution. As to the 'drop upon the altar,' though +O'Neachtain's gloss explains it as 'rain' (bainne .i. fer[th]uinn +anuas), the Rev. Mr. O'Sullivan has furnished me with a much more likely +explanation. He thinks it refers to the spilling of the consecrated wine +from the chalice, which is considered a most unfortunate accident. No +one but a priest is allowed to touch or remove it. + +71. .i. tri donais mhic bodaigh. re óigthigerna .i. re duine uasal. for +thascar rígh .i. céimionnadh móra do ghlacadh air (!) .i. do thabhairt +uaidhe do striopach (!) .i. do thocaidhibh nó ar son gatuigechtadh. + +72. targha .i. tineol no cruinnugadh .i. malairt [.f]erainn mhaith ar +dhrochferonn. + +74. haonaighe nesairte .i. eisert .i. bochtain lag. gan airdhe .i. gan +comhartha nó arra aige le gcennocha ní. + +75. caol srithide a foilleirb .i. an sreab bainne da chrú .i. soidech. +.i. fochan an gheamhair. for tuinn .i. faoi an cennar chroichin .i. ag +denamh druithnechuis. + +76. dorn daimh .i. cos ag treabhath. + +77. mes .i. ó laimh. tomharas .i. ó [.s]úil. cubhus .i. óna coimhesa .i. +coimhfiosa. + +79. eadruidh .i. adhaltraigh. cluithe .i. clesuighes. céilighe .i. +cuairt. + +80. maoin .i. tabhartus d'faghail uaide. + +81. dognas .i. nemhghnas. diomaoinche .i. díth maoine .i. do chuid do +bhuain dhiod. + +83. troich .i. do gerr[.s]aoghul. Cp. _Aisl. Maic Conglinne_, p. 71, 20. + +84. áine la daor .i. saidhbrios ag daor neimhnidh .i. aithioch nó fer +gan senchus. doidheilbh .i. duine grán[n]amh. + +85. bó bennach gan eas .i. sreibh nó bainne. tothacht .i. gan tábhacht +faoithe .i. tochus. + +86. áibhle .i. splangca lasta grádha. aladh .i. hésa maith. + +87. .i. trí ní curthar a ttaisge ara ccurtar caithemh. mná .i. taisge. + +88. teidhe (_sic_) .i. aonaigh. + +89. Seghaine .i. caomha nó séimhe. fáthrann .i. rann fáthach. adhbhann +tri ciuil do [.s]einimh duine eile. berradh .i. eolus berr[th]a nó do +bherrath go des. These three accomplishments were united in the person +of Mac Díchóeme, the barber of King Eochaid with horse's ears (_Otia +Merseiana_, III., p. 47), and in Donnbó (_Three Fragments_, p. 34, and +Rev. Celt. 24, p. 44). + +90. cluiche tenn .i. súgradh ten[n]. abhacht go n-aithis .i. súgradh le +masla do thabairt. + +91. .i. iar n-ealó óna fer féin. foileimnighe .i. chum do gerrtha .i. +iar leigion sealga uaithe. + +92. foghladha .i. gadaighe. + +93. .i. trí haonarain is ferr ioná iomad. .i. begán do chaint mhaith. +.i. ag ól fleadha nó sec[h]na imresain. + +94 bróna .i. hamghaire. .i. deglaoch nach sáiseocha cách. .i. ga nderna +ina ainim munath sásaigh[th]e é. + +95. .i. faoi ndéntar magaid. lonn .i. fergach. éataigh .i. eudmhar. +díbhach .i. doichleach. + +99. gretha .i. garrtha. .i. gáir ag fodhail a mbídh. grith suidhe .i. +chuman[n] bhídh. .i. ag éirghe ón mbiadh. + +101. .i. postaidhe fir boigechta .i. boiggniomh. imgellad .i. +síor-c[h]ur geallta. iomarbhaigh .i. comórtas. imresain .i. +conspóidedha. + +103. luirge .i. a bhata nó a mhná (lorg .i. ben, abhall, laoch, leo, +arg). + +104. da maoidhemh air féin gan nech da chur cuige. + +105. os focherd a congan .i. fiadh chuires de a benna. + +106. sceinbh .i. ionadha baoghlacha dochum sceinm do chur i neach nó +ionada sccunamhla. + +107. allabair .i. mac-alla nó iollabhar is gnáth a bhfod ó neach. + +109. labra .i. iomad cainte. aimhiodhna .i. nemhgloine. + +110. toa .i. bailbhe .i. éistecht. eiscis .i. escuidhecht. iodhna .i. +glaine. + +112. moladh iar luag .i. cennach tabhairt ar moladh. + +113. .i. imthecht gion nach bh[.f]édann tú imthecht. .i. ní do thabhairt +uaid na mbia agat. .i. gen go bfédann tú a dhénamh. + +114. .i. senchaillioch triudhach casachtach ar aondhacht ann. .i. amhail +cullach le buille ar choin, ar chat, ar mhada. .i. gach gránna +siobharrtha 'na ghiolla. + +116. .i. a n-onoruighther nó uaislighther. .i. pluice ag síneadh a +beoil. righe a bhronn .i. a bhuilg. + +117. círmaire .i. 'fer dénta na gcíor. dichetal for otrach .i. +adhbhal-cantainn le rosg nó orrtha. go rothochra .i. go docuiredh. + +118. dlughughadh .i. cnesughadh. freiscre .i. frisearadh gan sergadh. +lúth tar luaitbrenn .i. for a tighibh nó templuibh .i. rennaigheacht do +cuiredh sa luaith. béim fo chumas .i. buille a coimhmheiseamnuighe féin. + +119. dighalra .i. leighios iomlán na ngalar. diainmhe .i. gan ainiomh d' +fágail iar genedhuibh. .i. coimh[.f]écsin nó fíoradharc. + +120. .i. bior dobheir sásadh as gach ní rachad fair. + +121. caer comraic .i. raed cruinn go ccomhtharrachtain d'iomat dath ann. +fleath for faobhar .i. faobhar for faobhar. + +122. cruitire .i. cláirseoir. + +125. comar .i. docum treabtha nó coimhghélsine. + +131. truime .i. tromdhacht. toice .i. saidhbhres. talchaire .i. toil +charthanach ag gach duine do. + +132. .i. tri neithe aisnéisi an doconáigh. + +133. tlás [.i.] doní an trosgadh an duine tláit[h]. + +135. .i. cnapáin mísénamhla nó nemhconáigh. + +139. trí brothc[h]áin rátha .i. trí neithe breithemhnuighther nó +caoinbherthar ar antí théid a ráithiges nó a n-urrughas. roitioc .i. +íocaidh na fiacha. rosiacht .i. éigion do nech do leanamhuin. rotho_cht_ +.i. [et] mionnughadh 'sa gcúis. + +140. tugha go bh[.f]óidibh .i. fóide os toighe ar tech. imme go +bfoighnagare (sic) .i. fál [et] fíoriongaire maille ris. .i. go ngoradh +gér cloch a ndiaigh gortath na hátha. + +141. trí fáilte go n-iarnduibhe. fer gaide .i. an tan bhíos da +chrochadh. .i. doní faisnéis. + +142. tulfeaith (_sic_) .i. drúis .i. toil féithe. dulsaine .i. +cáinedh no cáinseoireacht. + +143. grís .i. imdhergadh. rus .i. roifios. ruccaidh .i. ancroidhe. + +145. nua corma .i. braitlis. + +146. moaighthe .i. médaighthe sochair do neoch. + +147. teine a lucc (!) .i. [a] tteallach. næ la fer calaigh (!) .i. +naomhóg, coite, bád, long, do dhuine le purt. + +148. aithgionta .i. neithe dobheir aithghin tarais no aithgini uatha. +nes gabhann .i. mála cré. + +149. .i. neithe ann a ttabhair neach iomarcaith naith [et] nach iadhann +dísle orrtha ó nech dar ben iad. iarraid mic .i. luach oileamhna. + +151. aurnadhma .i. pósta. + +153. .i. trí cúisi nach básaighenn d'faill do dhénamh umpa iad eibiulait +.i. básaighenn. dochraidhe .i. duine díochairdigh. + +155. slabhra .i. imdhergtha .i. pecughadh le mnái neich gan coibhche do +dhíol ionnta, nach gcennuighther le airnéis nó éiric do díol ionnta. .i. +coimhéigniughadh do rígh. + +156. turbhadh .i. cairde d'iarraigh da ccur amach .i. da ttabhairt +amach. .i. da athair tar éis altroma. .i. tar éis anbhaill do dhénamh a +thabhairt da sealbhaightheoir. .i. braighe do tabhairt as láimh le +comhall síotha. + +157. .i. taisce do fúigfidhe ag égciallaidh. .i. do fuigfidhe ag duine +mór. aithne formeda .i. do fuigfidhe gan aithne do thabhairt go cinnte i +ccumhdach acht go héccinte air. + +158. dorenathar bí .i. nech eirnighther no híocthar le beo do thabhairt +da gcenn. fidnemed .i. coill ar a bhfuil neimh[.s]enchus nó atá da +gcumhdach la huasal. + +159. Trí ná dotoing ná fortongar. angar .i. mac ionghar nach bhfoghann +da senoir do réir a dhualgais. + +160. athchumas .i. do ghlacadh orra na athchomhasan (no do thabhairt +daibh) (.i. ar a ceile). + +161. .i. nach teighther faoi a bhfuigheall .i. a mbreitheamnuis. .i. cia +do bheithdaois glic. fer adgair (.i. cu rios fios ort) agas adghairther +(.i. an fer ar a gcuirther fios) agas ro crenair ria breith (.i. agas +cennuighther mar breithemh le bríb le haghaidh breithe). + +162. aitide .i. aonta. ainbhfaitches. + +163. Trí fo imrime ná dleagaid (.i. imthechta amhuil ar marcuigheght) +dire (.i. dire enecluise). toxal .i. tóccbhail agus ag dénamh +athghabála. + +164. duilchinn. + +165. Trí naoill .i. luighe nó mionna nach cóir mhionnughadh 'na +n-aghaidh. fir mairb .i. do bheith le bás go cinnte. ditire .i. do +thréig a thír .i. do chur cúram an t[.s]aoighil de. + +166. .i. céimionna mhilleas an tuaith le bréig. + +167. renus a dheis .i. a dhúthaigh nó a feronn .i. bodach é [et] ní +bh[.f]uil ced sencuis air. + +168. For _comberat_ H^1 has _conrannat_. dainntech .i. gremannach nó +buailtech. + +170. feichemhnas .i. lucht tagartha nó oificc na bh[.f]eithemhan. toisc. +leimim. eicsi .i. muna foghluma. + +171. aradgeallad. breithemhuin .i. fuasglais neach. + +172. urfogradh .i. air ar coir miothaithnemh. ael coire .i. ag tógbhail +feola coiri. fiodhbhaigh gan tseinm .i. meileg gan semann no thairn[g]e +da chengal. ord ghabhan[n] gan dinesc gan tairn[g]e annsa bpoll .i. díon +ina eis. + +173. fotha utmhall gan eolus .i. bunadhas gan forus acht haimhnech, +utmhall .i. roluath. + +174. soadh fri fiadnaib .i. iompodh a n-aghaidh na bhfiadhan do +haondaighe. + +175. breithemh gan [.f]uasna .i. techt 'na aghaidh. eidirchert gan +éaccnach .i. breithemhnas gan idhiomradh 'na dhiaigh. comha gan +diubhairt .i. gan bhreith do bhreith le caomhmha nó gan leatrom +aonroinn. + +176. Trí tonna gan gaoise .i. do chuires anfa ar ghaois .i. gliocas. + +177. fostadh .i. foisdinecht. gairde .i. athchumairecht. + +179. .i. cúisi far cóir mioscuis don urlabhra. dlúithe .i. ar muin a +chéile. + +180. fostadh .i. na tengan 'na sost. airnbertais .i. ag dénamh [et] ag +ordughadh gach neithe mar as dú. + +182. maise .i. bregha. clithighe .i. bheith clithar. + +183. trí ná dleaghaidh dire .i. truaighe nó comairce. .i. ealaighes ó +flaith. agas file .i. ó eglais (!). + +184. .i. trí hanlain[n] chrosta don othar. each .i. feoil eich. muir .i. +míl mhoir .i. cointinn ar coinntinn. + +186. Instead of _forsnaidm_, H. 1. 15 has forran .i. fírbrised. + +187. sobhraidhe .i. brígh maith nó láidir. + +188. ír .i. fer[g]. + +189. sam (_sic_) .i. anmhuin go socair. tua .i. socht nó éistecht. +imdhergadh .i. gríosadh nó náire. + +190. mórt[h]a .i. mórthacht. maise .i. maisech lais féin. maoine .i. a +mhes gurab maoineach é. + +191. forindet .i. doní faisnéis ar in umhal. dinmhe .i. dith inmbe. + +192. faicse (sic) .i. meabair maith. fáthaidhe .i. bheith foghluma +fáith-chialluigh. + +195. fuasnadh .i. imresan. + +196. cach ndagferas .i. guch feidhm nó gníomh iomlán nó feramhuil. + +197. serbha .i. goid. + +198. .i. docuires chum siubhail iad fainealca. ingreim .i. do [.s]lad nó da +gcrechadh. dola .i. da ngremughadh. domata .i. boichtecht. + +200. fine .i. iomad fine nó móirmhes an fine. + +202. fornaidm ruirioch .i. ríogha eile congbhail faoi. roimhse .i. +roimhes nó torad mór ina [.f]laith. + +203. tua .i. bailbhe. dochta .i. éistecht (!). + +204. tairisamh .i. coimhniughadh alfaire neich. + +205. .i. i bh[.f]iadhnuise na gcomharcadh. .i. daoine gan chéill .i. +daoine ag imthecht le gaoith. + +207. éitche .i. gráinche. + +208. soingthes .i. urlabhradh mhaith. connamhna .i. coma degmhana nó +de[g]mianadh. + +209. luinne .i. fergaighe. cétludche .i. cédluath ghaire. tairismidhe +.i. iomarcraidh griaidh da chur a gcéill .i. tairismidhe. + +210. sognas .i. goma maith le a ghnáthugadh. soicheall .i. goma +soichellach nó luathghairech. + +211. .i. trí 'ga mbíonn clú maith. trebaire .i. gliocas. rathmaire .i. +rath mór do techt air nó bhfás fair. + +212. dochlatad .i. miochluid. laxa .i. faillidhe. prapcaillte .i. a +bheith cruaidh [et] luath .i. bheith caillte anna chuid go luath. + +213. ecnach .i. ithiomradh. doingthes .i. droichtengadh. + +214. deirmiten .i. athairmhidin. easpata .i. diomhaoines. + +216. .i. trí laithe as sona do mhnáibh pósta. mná go fiora .i. mná do +thabhairt chum pósta. .i. biadh na mná beo 'na ndiaidh. + +217. fri gach leas .i. gach neithe bhus leas dó. + +218. rátha .i. urradha. fostadh .i. comhnuidhe. féile .i. náire. lomradh +.i. ag lomairt ag díol fiachadh. fostodha a n-arus .i. comhnuidhe a +bpriosún lomradh íce .i. da lomairt féin ag díol fiachadh nó fulang é +féin do lomradh do réir dlighe .i. leigen lomartha an dlighe dar cenn +feichemhan. + +219. eiric no toghniomh feichemhan (.i. an t-íoc do dhénamh darcenn a +bhiodhbha) no dithecht. + +220. .i. trí neithe as anfæ (leg. ansa) nó as doiligh dhaibh. .i. dol a +n-urrudhas dún righ do dhénamh, decair sin. coire .i. coire longan. .i. +do thabhairt an urrudhas re cechtar doibh sin aroile do dhénamh. + +221. trí as ainer[g]na (.i. neimhealadhanta) do neach. .i. no go +salaighenn a eudach do scarduibh. + +222. ochradh .i. alt. berradh .i. mullach a chinn. + +223. mic .i. iomad mac. mná .i. iomad ban. méile .i. amadan. cleamhna +ile imchiana .i. iomad clemhnas a gcéin. notcrionad (.i. dibrid) agus ní +thormaighid (.i. ní mhédaighid a tighes). + +224. seol mná for mac .i. luighe seola. gris bronn .i. tesuighecht. +galar tiomargar olc .i. togbhus an t-olc [et] [.f]ágbhus an mhaith 'na +háit féin. + +225. .i. gar cóir fáilte rompa, no dobheir an [.f]áilte a ttigh fleadha +im duthracht [et] ealatha .i. ealadha do thaisbeana[dh]. + +227. daimh. bealai .i. tuadh, biail. + +229. tiordhachta .i. tuathamhlacht no bodamhlacht. iomargal .i. ime ro +mheraighe focal. iomarbhaidh .i. comartus gníomh. meraigecht .i. mire. + +230-231. omitted in H. 2. 15. + +232. rí ima gabhail .i. im geall nó chreich. aithech do mhuin coimeirce +.i. bodach ar a mbeith dhó ar coimeirce, nó tenn ar chúl aige. + +233. .i. scolaire iar gcriochnughadh a leighen .i. iar leagha nó +egluisech iar ndénamh ornaidhe. iar leaccad a araidhechta uadh .i. iar +ccriochnughadh a term a nó aimsire. + +235. trí huais doibh .i. gar doilge doibh. .i. a n-urrdhas ar righ, ar +esbog do bhrigh a leithe eneaclann an righ, nó inté atá na cronughadh +ann. dul fri cath .i. dul a n-urrughas le cur catha. fri cimidh .i. dul +a n-urrughas le brughaidh nó le siothcain. .i. secht neithe crosta donté +rachadh a n-urrughas orra. dol ar dheoruighe .i. dol a n-urrughas. ar +dhiaraigh .i. gan árus no coimhnaidhe aige. ar druith .i. duine gan +céill, ar dhiaraigh .i. nach feidir árach air. ar angar .i. mac iongar. +ar esccong (!) .i. senoir iar ndul a chéille uaidh. imnedhach dona gacha +ráth (im[.s]níomhach go fírinnech gach urrughas díobh sin), .i. fulang +dianbhás no dianollmhughadh no urfogra fa gach gealla dobheir aill ria +n-aill iaromh .i. mionna a n-aghaidh mionn an [.f]ir oile .i. nach decha +sé a n-urrudhas no le díola. + +236. ag tioradh .i. ag goradh arbha. + +238. luchra .i. gaire nó genamh. + +239. .i. cia hiat na trí sonais dogheibh an duine sonadh? Ní handsa son +.i. ní hainbh[.f]esach misi ar sin. iomarchor .i. iomchar. cuirm gan ára +.i. deoch gan tech aige. .i. ar an tslighe go teghmaisech. + +240. gaire .i. gaire maith. + +241. .i. do ní oirfide nó comhluadar i gcomhdáil. druith .i. amatán. +foirsire abhlóir nó ursoire. oircc (_sic_) .i. mesan nó cú beg. + +243. léan .i. amhgar. brath .i. ar comarsan. + +244. a breith a ngó .i. gúbreith brégach. gan disle .i. faoi omhan gan +árach. gan ailic .i. gan hailche 'na timchioll .i. rosg [et] fasach. + +246. duas .i. droich[.f]ios. + +247. socla (_sic_) .i. sochlú. suirge .i. le mnáibh. + +248. .i. ceitheora da ttugann flaith mioscais nó nemhdhúil. baoth .i. +leamh. uttmhall .i. roluath. fer labhar disceoil .i. labharrach +cainntech gan sceol aige. fer coimhghne cuimhnech .i. go caoimhegna [et] +cuimhne senchusa. + +251. somna .i. so-omhnach .i. so-eglach (!). sobraicch .i. sobríoghach. + +252. condailbhe .i. bághach nó leathtaobhach. doingthe .i. doitenguighe. + +253. trí sirrechta flatha .i. suthainghesa nó neithe bhíos toirmisc ar +uasal. .i. fleadha gan ealadha da [.f]aisnéis. .i. cuitechta gan donail +píobaire 'na tosach. + + + + +INDEX LOCORUM + + + Ached Déo, 106. + + Ae Chúalann, 38. + + Ardmacha _Armagh_, 1, 34, 46. + + Ard mBreccáin _Ardbrackan_, 23. + + Ath Caille, 48. + + Ath Clíath Duiblinne, 48, 50. + + Ath Lúain _Athlone_, 48. + + + Bairenn _the Burren_, 58. + + Banna _the Bann_, 40. + + Belach Conglais _Baltinglass_, 50. + + Belach Duiblinne, 50. + + Belach Luimnig, 50. + + Bennchor _Bangor_, 5, 44. + + Benn mBoirchi _Slieve Donard_, 38. + + Benntraige _Bantry_, 45. + + Bérre _Beare_, 58. + + Birra _Birr_, 108. + + Bóand _the Boyne_, 40. + + Braichlesan Brigde, 57. + + Breifne, 58. + + + Caisel _Cashel_, 54. + + Cathair Chonrúi, 36. + + Cell Dara _Kildare_, 4, 34. + + Cell Maignenn _Kilmainham_, 32. + + Cell Rúaid, 30. + + Cenannus _Kells_, 7. + + Clúain Eidnech _Clonenagh_, 108. + + Clúain Eois _Clones_, 53. + + Clúain Ferta Brénainn _Clonfert_, 19. + + Clúain Iraird _Clonard_, 3, 33, 53. + + Clúain Maic Nóis _Clonmacnois_, 2, 34, 53. + + Clúain Úama _Cloyne_, 12. + + Connacht, 43, 237. + + Corcach _Cork_, 16. + + Crecraige, 43.[TN 45] + + Crúachán Aigli _Croagh Patrick_, 38. + + Crúachu _Croghan_, 35, 54. + + Cúailgne _Coolney_, 43, 62. + + Cúalu, 46. + + + Dairchaill, 27. + + Daire Calgaig _Derry_, 32. + + Derc Ferna, 42. + + Druimm Fingin, 51. + In Munster, famous for its fertility. See LL. 15^a 11. + + Druimm Lethan _Drumlane_, 25. + + Druimm nDrobeóil, 51. + + Druimm Leithe, 51, 236. + + Dublinn _Dublin_, 50. + + Duma mBúrig, 106. + + Dún Cáin _Dunquin_, 60. + + Dún Cermna, 36. + + Dún Dá Lethglas _Downpatrick_, 26. + + Dún Sobairche _Dunseverick_, 36. + + + Ess Danainne, 55. + + Ess Maige, 55. + + Ess Rúaid _Assaroe_, 55. + + + Fid Déicsen i Tuirtri, 43. + + Fid Moithre i Connachtaib, 43. + + Fid Mór i Cúailgni, 43. + + Findglais _Finglas_, 8. + + Fobur Féichín _Fore_, 22. + + + Glasraige, 45. + + Glenn Dá Locha _Glendalough_, 11, 33. + + Glenn Dalláin _Glencar_, 236. + + + Imblech Ibair _Emly_, 15. + + Inber Féile, 59. + + Inber na mBárc, 59. + + Inber Túaige, 59. + + Inis Cathaig _Scattery Island_, 10, 237. + + + Lann Ela _Lynally_, 31, 44. + + Léimm Conculainn _Loop Head_, 60. + + Leithglend _Leighlin_, 108. + + Less Mór _Lismore_, 14. + + Lettir Dalláin, 236. + + Loch nEchach _Lough Neagh_, 39. + + Loch nErni _Lough Erne_, 39. + + Loch Rí _Lough Ree_, 39. + + Lothra _Lorrha_, 20. + + Lúachair Dedad _Logher_, 61. + + Lugbad _Louth_, 33. + + Luimnech _Limerick_, 50. + + Lusca _Lusk_, 6, 46. + + + Mag Crúachan, 52. + + Mag mBile _Moville_, 28. + + Mag mBreg, 52. + + Mag Lí, 236. + + Mag Lifi, 41, 52. + + Mag Line, 41. + + Mag Midi, 41. + + Mugdorn Maigen _Cremorne barony_, 44. + + + Ráith mBoth _Raphoe_, 25. + + Ráith Laidcniáin _Rathlynan_, 56. + + Ross Ailithre _Roscarbery_, 17. + + Ross Commáin _Roscommon_, 24. + + + Sinann _the Shannon_, 40. + + Sláine _Slane_, 21. + + Slíab Commáin, 56. + + Slíab Cúa, 37. + + Slíab Cúalann, 37. + + Slíab Fúait _the Fews_, 61. + + Slíab Mancháin, 56. + + Slíab Mis, 37. + + Slige Assail, 9, 49. + + Slige Dála, 49. + + Slige Midlúachra, 49. + + Srub Brain, 60. + + + Tailtiu _Teltown_, 35. + + Tamlachta _Tallaght_, 8. + + Tech Cairnig, 9. + + Tech Munna _Taghmon_, 32. + + Temair _Tara_; gen. Temrach 54, 202. + + Tipra Cuirp, 57. + See Tog. Br. Dá Derga § 154, YBL. + + Tipra na nDési, 57. + + Tipra Uaráin Garaid, 57. + + Tipra Uarbeóil, 57. + + Tír Dá Glas _Terryglas_, 18. + + Tír Eogain _Tirowen_, 236. + + Tráig Baili, 47. + + Tráig Lí _Tralee_, 61. + + Tráig Ruis Airgit, 47. + + Tráig Ruis Téiti, 47. + + Tuirtri, 43. + + Tulach na nEpscop, 106. + + Tulen _Dulane_, 29. + + + Uam Chnogba _Knowth_, 42. + + Uam Slángæ _Slaney_, 42. + + + + +INDEX NOMINUM + + + Colmán Ela, 35. + + Corbmac mac Fáeláin, 62. + + + in Dagda 120, 237. + + Dil, 236. + + + Eothaile, 107, 237. + + + Fergus mac Róich, 62. + + Finn, 236. + + + Morrígan, 120. + + + Neithin, 120. + + Ninníne éces, 62. + + + + +GLOSSARY + + + abartach, from abairt, _practice_, _feat_, a. escrai 231. + + abucht (abocht, abacht) _a joke_, _jest_ 90. + + adbann _a strain of music_ 89. With prothetic f., fadbann, + ib. N. + + ad-coillim _I destroy_, _ruin_ 245. + + ái _a cause_, n. pl. ái 153, 174. + + áibne f. _delightfulness_ 23. + + aigne m. _a pleader_, _counsel_, dag-a. 178. + + ailbéimm n. _a reproach_ 30. + + áilde f. _beauty_ 206. + + aill .. aill _once_ ... _again_, _now_ ... _now_ 235. + + ainchess _bodily pain_, acc. cen ainchiss 119 (ainces N). + + ainmne f. _patience_ 192, 251, dat. ainmnit 143 (ainmnet N). + + ainmnetach _patient_ 174, 189. + + airberntas (airnbertas) m. (?) 180, 181. + + airbert _a using_, _employing_ 178. + + air-gorad _a scorching_ 140. + + airisiu _a narration_, _tale_, cétna airisiu, Cóir Amn. 80. + n. pl. airisena 102, 125. + + airmed _a certain dry measure_ 138. Corm. Tr. 68. eirmed, + .i. tomus, 4, 3, 18, 70^a. dorat do Patraic in n-airmid + mini, Trip. 186, 9. + + aithech-borg m., aithech-port m. _a rent-paying town_ 33. + + aithne n. (later f.) _a deposit_ 87, 157, 249; aithne + [.s]alainn 87 L. + + alaig _behaviour_, _demeanour_ 86. + + all n. _a rock_, n. pl. trí all 200. + + allabair _an echo_ 107; O'Dav. 144. + + ana _wealth_ 147, 239. + + áne f. _agility_, _deftness_, _skill_ 84. + + an-ergnaid _undignified_ 221. + + an-faitches m. _carelessness_ 162. + + an-fiad _a bad welcome_ 70. + + an-gar _unfilial_, _impious_ 159, 235. + + an-idna f. _impurity_ 109. + + an-richt m. _a misshapen person_ 84. + + antrenn _rough ground_, gen. antreinn 147. + + apaig _ripe_ 68. + + ar-cuillim _I destroy_, _ruin_ 184; verb-noun, gen. + aircaillti, ib. (N). + + ard-nemed m. _a high dignitary_ 157. + + árech (árach) (1) _a tie_, _fetter_, gen. cú áraig 168; (2) + _a bond_, _surety_, acc. pl. cen áirche 74; cin gealladh, + cin airge, Laws II. 78, 4. + + argius _instruction_ (?), a. aiste 256. Cf. felmac fri ré na + argaisi, Laws V. 364, 17. + + aroslicim _I open_, aroslicet 204. + + árus _residence_, _habitation_ 218, 239. + + ata _which are_ 68, 69, 75, 76, &c. + + ataid (?) 181. + + ath-chommus m. _renunciation of control or authority_ 160. + + athchosan, better athchomsan (later achmusan) _a + complaining_ 98; tossach augrai athchosan, LL. 345^b18. + + augra _strife_ 213. + + aupthach _veneficus_ 185. + + aurla (1) _a long lock of hair_, .i. ciab, Corm. Tr. 166; + (2) _a person wearing_ aurla, _a serf_ (?); mac aurlai + (erlai) 152. + + + báithe _foolishness_ 252. + + banas m. _womanhood_, gen. dag-banais 180; droch-banais 181. + + ban-chorr f. _a she-heron_ 237. + + ban-lá _a lucky day for women_ 216. + + belach n. _a mountain-pass_, n. pl. belaige 50. + + beó-athair m. _a live father_ 151. Compare the following + extract from H. 3, 18, p. 19_b_: _Cest._ Cid diatá "ní nais ná + torbais"? Ar atáit nadmanna naisce ni na torbongat, ar ni + rochat a nadmann naisce .i. mac beoathar for a athair, céile + for a flaith, manach for a airchindech, hulach for inn + ail_e_, ar ní tobongat díb ar comrac, acht atá folaith + gaibthi friu. + + béss _perhaps_ 136. + + binnech _melodious_, bó b. 85. + + birit, f. _a sow_, gen. birite, 148 BM. + + bithbenach m. _a criminal_ 92 B. + + bocc m. _a buck_, _he-goat_, n. pl. buicc 230. + + boccacht f. _buckishness_, _obstinacy_ 101, 102. + + bolcra (?) 231. Cf. bolcaire m. _a hector_, O'Gr. Cat. 584, + 4. + + bolc-srónach _having distended nostrils_ 231. + + bothach m. _a hut-dweller_, _cottar_ 150. + + brén-[.f]inn _stinking or rotten hair_, acc. pl. -a 105. + + brodna (?) gen. brodnai 230. + + bronn-galar m. _a disease of the abdomen_ 224. + + brugaide f. _keeping a hostel_, _hospitality_ 134. + + búadnas _a triumph_, _excellence_, n. pl. -a 88 H. + + + cáer comraic 121 note. + + cáin-thocad m. _fair fortune_, dat. cáin-thocud 110. + + calad _hard_ 176; fer c. 147. + + cetludche f. _lustfulness_ 209. + + círmaire m. _a comb-maker_ 117. + + cisne _what are?_ 239. + + clithcha f. _comfort_ (of dress) 182. + + clochrad (clochrach?) _a stone building_(?) (from clochur?), + n. pl. trí clochraid 34. + + clúanaige m. _a rogue_ 90, 104. + + co-cless _performing feats together_ 125. + + cóemna _comfort_, _good cheer_ 6, 46. + + coim (coimm) _a cloak_ 130. + + coimgne (com-ecne) _synchronistic knowledge_; fer coimgni + 248 = fer cumocni, Rev. Celt. vi. 165, 11. + + coire _a caldron_ 220. c. érma, c. goriath, c. áiged 127. + + com-ar (W. cyf-ar) _holding ploughland in common_ 125. + + com-chissiu _an examination_ 119. + + com-líth _equally lucky_ 217. + + comneibe (?) 169. + + com-rith (fri) _a racing together_ 117. + + con-beraim _I bear liabilities_ 168. + + condailbe f. _attachment_, _bias_ 193, 252. + + congna (collective) _horns_ 105, 117. + + con-rannaim _I share_ 164. + + con-tibim _I mock_ 82. + + córad-gein _a champion birth_ 148 BM. + + crann-dretel (?) 231. + + crésine f. _piety_ 196. + + crossán m. _a buffoon_ 116. + + cúacróessach (?) 231. + + cuilmen _a volume_, _tome_ 62. + + cuinnmíne f. _kindliness_ 208. + + + daintech _biting_ 168; gl. dentatus Sg. 159^{b}2. + + debuid f. _strife_ 98. + + déicsiu _a seeing_, _spying_, gen. déicsen 43. + + deinmne _impatience_, dat. deinmnait 144. + + deirmitiu _irreverence_, gen. deirmiten 214. + + derc _a hole_, _cave_ 42; dat. i nderc a oxaille, LU. + 70^{a}45; resiu dorattar isin deirc, Lism. fo. 43^{b}1. + + déss f. _land_, acc. déiss 167 (dés N); acc. pl. déissi, ib. + L. See Cáin Adamnáin, p. 46. + + dí-ainme f. _an unblemished state_ 119. + + dían-apud _a sudden notice_ 235. + + dí-araig _a person without bonds_ (árach) 235. + + díbe _a refusing_, _denying_ 212, LL 117^{a}43, 121^{b}9, + 188^{a}2, 188^{b}33. + + díbech _refusing_, _denying_ 95; .i. diultadach, C. 1, 2. + + dí-chuimne f. _lack of memory_ 245; ar dermat nó díchumni, + LL. 74^{a}30. + + dí-galrae f. _sicklessness_ 119. + + dí-grad n. _hatred_ 217. + + dímainche f. _uselessness_ 81. + + dímainecht f. _uselessness_ 81 H. + + dímosc (?) 172. + + dínnime f. _meanness_, _lowliness_ 191; ferr trumma dínnimi, + LL. 345^{c}30. Cf. dín[n]imus, Alex. 996. + + dirna _a stone_ 237. + + dí-sceóil _taleless_ 248. + + díthechte f. _non-possession_ 219. + + díthir _a landless person_, gen. díthir (díthire N) 165. + + díthrub m. _a desert_, _uninhabited place_, n. pl. díthruib + 43. In the later language it is inflected like _treb_ (n.p. + díthreba 43 BM). + + diúite f. _simplicity_ 24; LL. 294^{a}38. d. cridi, Lism. + Lives 4543: Diúide ingen Slánchridi, Rawl. B. 512, + 112^{2}b2. + + diultadach (diultach) _fond of refusing_ 96 MB. + + dlúithe f. _compactness_, _obscurity_ (?) (of speech) 179. + + doas m. _ignorance_ 245. + + do-celaim _I hide_ 84, 85. + + dochell _niggardliness_ 144; Dochall [et] Díbe [et] + Do[th]chernas, Rawl. B. 512, 112^{b}1. + + dochlatu m. _ill repute_. gen. dochlatad 212. + + do-chond m. _an imbecile_, gen. dochuind 153. + + dochraite f. _oppression_ 153. Alex. 367, atchota daidbre + d., LL. 345^{c}3. + + dodeime (?) 237 (todeime L). + + dochta f. _closeness_ 203. + + do-delb _a misshapen person_, acc. la dodelb (dodeilb B) 84. + + dofortaim _I pour out_, _spill_, _spoil_, _ruin_, dofortat + 186; dofortatar .i. dotodsat, MI. 124^{d}12. + + do-gnás f. _ill-breeding_ 81; gen. dognáise 209. + + doingthe f. _foulmouthedness_ 252; for do-thengthe. + + doingthes m. _id._ 213. + + dolud _loss_, _damage_ 198; gen. mét tar ndolaid, LL. + 172^{b}33; in cach níth ba dáel dolaid, 157^{b}14. + + dommatu m. _poverty_ 198, Alex. 847. + + dorenaim _I pay a fine_ (díre) 158. + + dotcad m. _misfortune_, n. pl. dotcaid 44, 64, 65, 71. + + dotcadach _unfortunate_ 135. + + doth _a hatching_, cach d. toirthech, LL. 293^{b}48; gen. in + doithe 237; dat. do duth, ib.; gen. pl. cerce trí ndoth, + O'Dav. 1375. + + do-tongim _I swear_, ná dítoing 159. + + drithlennach _full of sparks_ 65. + + drús f. _folly_; gen. drúise 193. + + duine-chin m. _human crime_ 168. + + dul in the phrases, dul ar _to go security on behalf of_ + 235; dul fri _to go security for_ 235. See Glossary to Laws + s.v. dul. + + dulbaire f. _lack of eloquence_, _bad delivery_ 179. + + dulsaine f. _mockery_ 142; in cerd mac húi Dulsine, Corm. + 37. Cf. dulaige, O'Dav. 622. + + dúthracht f. _good will_, _kindliness_ 225. + + + ech usci _a water-horse_ 236. + + echmuir(?) 184. + + eisíne _a young bird_ 237. + + eó m. _a salmon_: gen. iach 92; n. pl., iaich, LL. + 297^{a}34. + + eochair _a key_ n. pl. eochracha 204. + + erchoille (?) 230. + + erdonal f. _a trumpeter_, _piper_; eardanal .i. stucaire no + píobaire, BB. 65 m.s. acc. cen erdonail 253. + + érim n. _a course_, _running_, gen. érma 127. Later fem., ar + tressa na hérma, LL. 110^{a}13. + + erlam _ready_ 239. + + errad n. _dress_, _attire_: gen. erraid 233. + + escaine _a curse_ 20. + + esconn _excommunicated_ 235. + + escra _a cup for drawing wine_ 231. + + éscus (é-scíss) m. _unweariedness_ 110 (esces N). daurnaisce + .i. aurlattu nó greschae nó escas, H. 3, 18, 80^a. + + eserni (?) 231. + + eserte f. _landlessness_, _vagrancy_ 74. + + espatu m. _frivolity_ 214. + + étach (verb-n. of in-tugur, O'Mulc. 462) n. _a dress_; gen. + étaig 182. + + étaid _jealous_ 95. + + etargaire _a separating_, _interposing_, _mediating_, 135, + 154; LL. 31^{b}15; dligid ugra e. 345^{d}10. + + etir-chert _a decision_ 175. + + + faigdech (foigdech.) m. _a beggar_ 83, Aisl. M. 71, 21. + + faiscsiu _closeness_ (?) 192 (faicsi N). + + fássach _a precedent_ 178; brithemnacht ar roscadaib [et] + fasaigib, LU. 118^b. + + fáthaige f. _the gift of prophecy_ 192. + + fáth-rann m. _a witty quatrain_ 89; do fáthrannaib espa [et] + airchetail, Otia Mers. III., p. 47, § 2. + + fechemnas m. _debtorship_ 170. + + féige f. _sharpness_, _sagacity_ 78. + + feras m. _manhood_, _man's estate_, gen. dag-ferais 196; + droch-ferais 197. Cf. feras léiginn _lectorship_ AU. + + fer-lá n. _a lucky day for men_ 217. + + fescred (feiscre N.) 118 = feascradh '_shrivelling_, + _decaying_,' O'R. Cf. feasgor .i. dealugud, Lec. Voc. 403: + dligid cach forcradach féscred, LL. 294^{a}9. + + fiad _a welcome_. n. pl. fiada (fiad L) 70. + + fidchell (?) 142. + + fid-nemed n. _a sacred grove_, _sanctuary_;[TN 158] '_lucus_,' BB. + 469^{a}46, O'Mulc. 830, n. pl. fidnemeda fírdorchra [et] + cráeb-chaill comdígainn, C. Cath. + + flett see plett. + + fliuchaim _I wet_, rotfliuchus, 104. + + fodb m. _accoutrement_, n. pl. fuidb 135. + + fo-crenaim (verb-n. fochraic) _I bribe_ 261.[TN Yes, printed as 261] + + foglaid m. _a robber_, gen. foglada 92. + + fo-glúaisim _I move_ (trans.) 198. + + foichell f. _hire_, _wages_, gen. foichle 13. + + foichne _a blade of green corn_ 75: ith-[.f]oichne .i. + foichne in etha, O'Dav. 1080. + + 1. foilmnech _roped_, _leashed_, cú f. 169. + + 2. foilmnech (fo-lémnech) _ready to leap_ 91, 238. + + foimrimm _a using_, _usucaption_, gen. foille foimrimme, LL. + 344^{c}55; n. pl. -e 163, Laws. + + fóindledach m. _a waif_ 198. + + foll-derb f. _a milk-pail_, dat. hi foll-deirb 75, Laws. + + fóindel m. _a straying_, n. pl. fóindil 181. + + fomailt (verb-n. of fo-melim) f. _usufruct_ 87. + + fomus (verb-n. of fo-midiur) m. _calculation_ (?) 118; béim + co fomus, LU. 73^{a}1. béim co fommus, LL. 74^{a}26. + roláosa, ol sé, fomus forsaní sin, LU. 58 24. + + fo-naidm n. _a contract_ 202. + + for-íadaim _I close upon_ 203. + + for-ind-fedaim _I relate_. forindet 191: O'Dav. 511. + + forngaire _a proclaiming_ 140. + + forrach _a measuring-rod_ 138, O'Don. Suppl. + + for-[.s]naidm (= for-naidm, with epenthetic _s_) n. _an + overreaching_ (?) 186: co fornadmaim níad náir, LU. 73^{a}7. + + fortgellaim _I give evidence_, _bear witness_ 138. + + for-tongim _I swear_, fortoinger (fortongar) 158. + + fossad _steady_, _firm_ 174 (fossaid N). + + fossugud _stability_ 28. + + fosta f. _staidness_, _steadiness_ 180, 187, 194, 215, 218. + + fotha n. _foundation_, f. n-utmall 173. Cf. ní cóir in fotha + utmall, Sg. 4^b. + + fothirbe _a field_ (?) 56, Trip. 82, 2; 168, 26. + + freccor (verb-n. of fris-curim) _opposition_, _objection_ + 154, ML 131^{a}8. + + frecra (verb-n. of fris-garim) n. _an answer_ 174. + + frith-nóill _a counter-oath_ 165. + + fúaimm n. _a din_, _noise_ 146, f. nglan, LL. 150^{b}4; f. + in churaig risin tracht, YBL 89^b; n. pl. fúammann 146. + + fúatche f. _a snatching_, _carrying off_ 140. + + fuchacht (fuichecht) f. _copulation_, _cohabitation_ 155. + + fuigliur _I pronounce judgment_, fuigletar 161. + + fuirec (verb-n. of foricim) m. _preparation_, n. pl. fuiric + 97, 98. + + fuirmed _a sitting_, _placing_, gen. aithne fuirmeda, 157. + + fuirsire m. _a juggler_ 241. + + + gáir _a cry_, _shout_, n. pl. gártha 99 M. + + gáis f. _wisdom_ 177, gen. gáisse 178, 192, 251. + + gáisse f. _wisdom_, acc. cen gáissi 176. + + gait (verb-noun of gataim) f. _a taking away_, _carrying + off_, gen. fer gaite meirle 141. + + gamnach f. _a stripper_, gen. gamnaige 234. + + gart _generosity_ 240. + + gatach _thievish_ 185. + + geir (?) 231. + + gen f. _a smile_ 91, n. pl. gena, _ib._ + + genmnaide _chaste_ 187, genmnaide ben aenfir, H. 3, 18, + 79^b. + + glass m. _a lock_, n. pl. glais 203. + + goirt _salted_, bíad g. 70. + + goriath (?) 127. + + grainne (?) 231. + + gréss _handicraft_ 70, ferr g. soos, LL. 345^{c}51. + + gríss _heat_, _fever_, _ardour_, _fervour_ 224; colum co + crábud, co ngrís, LL. 35^{a}48. + + grith _a cry_, _shout_ 99, n. pl. gretha, _ib._ + + grúss (?) 143. + + gúala _a large vessel_, _vat_ 255; n. pl. gúala, _ib._ Cf. + iern-gúala. + + + íach (a late nom. formed from the oblique cases of eó) m. _a + salmon_, gen. iaich 92, L. + + íarduibe f. _after-grief_ 67. Cf. íarnduba. + + íarmur f. _remnant_, _leavings_ 65. + + íarnduba f. _after-grief_ 125, 141. + + íarraid _foster-fee_ 149. + + im-bánad _a growing pale_ 188. + + im-gellad _a pledging oneself_ 101. + + immarchor _a conveying about or across_ 239. + + immed n. _plenty_ 178, 225. + + imreson, O. Ir. imbressan (verb-n. of im-fresnaim) f. _a + wrangling_ 101, 252, acc. pro nom. imresain 193. + + imraichne _a mistake_ 101, imraithne 229 N. + + im-thomailt f. _food_ 149. + + im-crenaim _pay or buy mutually_, imuscrenat 170. + + ind-chosc m. _an indication_, n. pl. ind-choisc 254. + + in-crenaim _I pay_, _buy_ 155. Enclitic: ní écriae. Ériu 1., + p. 199, §21. + + ír f. _wrath_ 188. O'Dav. 1103. + + itfa (?) 231. Cf. itfaide toile, LL. 344^{c}36. + + + labor _talkative_ 248; bat l. fri labra, bat tó fri tó, LL. + 346^{a}12. + + lán _the full-tide_ 237. + + laxa f. _inertness_ 212. + + lén _sloth_ 243; tossach lubra lén, LL. 345^{b}33. + + lethiu _broader_, _wider_ 235. + + lia m. _a stone_, dat. liic 147. + + litánacht f. _singing the litany_, 14. + + lobra = lomrad _a stripping_ 218; gen. lomartha, _ib._ + + luaithrind _a pair of compasses_, gen. lúd -e 118; fo + chosmailius luaithrinde, Corm. 13, s.v. Coire Brecáin. + + luchra _a smile_ 238. + + lúd = lúth _agility_, _quick motion_ 118. Wi. + nimtha lúd hi cois nó il-láim, LU. 16^{a}5. + + + mad _well_, ní mad bíadsam, ní mad ríadsam 236. + + máil _blunt_; _simple-minded_, _witless_, ingen m. 114. + + méile f. _lewdness_ 228; ben méile 223. + + marb-dil _dead chattel_, Laws. acc. pl. marbdili 105. + + med _a balance_, _scales_ 138. + + meirle f. _theft_ 141. + + mer-aichne _a mistake_ 229. + + meraige m. _a fool_, _fop_ 103. + + mí-airle _evil counsel_ 243; tossach míarli malartcha, LL. + 345^{b}37. + + midlachas m. _cowardice_ 197. + + mí-gairm n. _an evil cry_, nom. du. dá m. 124. + + miscne, miscena (n. pl.) _hatreds_ 179, 248. + + mí-thocad m. _misfortune_, _ill-luck_, gen. míthocaid 124; + dat. míthocod 109. + + mblecht (mblicht) _in milk_ 146. + + móaigim _I increase_, verb-n. gen. móaigthe 146. + + muilleóir m. _a miller_, gen. muilleórach 234. + + muimme f. _a nurse_, n. pl. muime 246, 247, muimmecha 130. + + muin _neck_, _back_, in the phrase do m. 232 = de mhuin + _because of_, _in consequence of_, Dinneen. + + + nemed, m. _a privileged person_, gen. nemid filed 255. + + nem-idna f. _impurity_ 109 BM. + + nemthigur _I constitute_, neimthigedar 116-123, 202: Corm. + s.v. níth: rofogluim sium in tréide nemthigius filid, Megn. + Finn 19. + + neóit _churlishness_, _niggardliness_ 144. + + ness (1) .i. aurnise criad _a clay furnace_, H. 3, 18, 73b; + gen. fri derc a neis, Corm. 33, 2; (2) _the wooden mould or + block in which the furnace of moist, soft clay, was + formed_;[128] bói crann ina láim .i. neas a ainm [et] is + uime dogníther an urnise criad, Corm. 32 s. v. nescoit; (3) + .i. mála cré _a bag of (moulding) clay_ H. 1, 15. + + [128] I owe this explanation to Dr. P.W. Joyce. + + nóill _an oath_ 165 (náill N); n. pl. nóill, ib. + + + ochán _an urging_, _egging on_ 112. Cf. achain, Boroma 122. + + ochtrach (later otrach) f. _a dunghill_, ML 129^{c}2; dat. + for ochtraig 117 (otrach N). + + óc-thigern m. _a franklin_ 71. + + óil f. _a cheek_, gen. óile 116. + + oirce _a lap-dog_ 241. + + ordan _dignity_, gen. ordain 246, 254. With Triad 246, + compare the following extract from H. 3, 18, p. 9_b_: Secht + rann fichet (xx .i. MS) triasa (friasa MS) toet feab [et] + ordan (ordain MS) do duine: tria gaireui, tria ainmnit, tria + [.f]ostai, tria thói, tria f_or_sadi, tria fogluim, tri + domestai, tri étsecht fírindi, tri chocad fri clóine, tri + indarb_a_ anfis, tri thochur[i]ud fis, tri trebairei, tri + coitsecht fri forrsaidi, tri frecmorc fíren, tri filidhecht + téchtai, tri ailge auscuichthi, tri airmitin sen, tri denam + sinsire, tri ermitin flatha, tri airmidin ecnai, tri + honoi[r] fithidre, tri timorgain cuibsi _nó_ gnúisi, tri + idhnai lámai, tri congain cuibsi, tri imrád bá[i]s, tria + imrád _nó_ décsin i nDia na ndúla. + + + paitt f. _a leather bottle_, p. meda, LL. 117^{a}50; LU. + 54^{b}22; gen. paitte 231; na paitte, LL. 117^{b}2; du. n. + dá phait [.f]ína, LB. 129^{a}. + + plett (flett) f. _an edge_ 121; plet .i. nomen rinda dogníat + cerda, H. 3, 18, p. 73: flét, O'R. + + prap-chaillte (literally 'sudden hardness') f. + _closefistedness_ 212. + + + ráth f. _security_, _surety_ 235; gen. rátha 139. + + ráthaiges m. _guarantorship_ 135, 248. + + rathmaire f. _bountifulness_ 211. + + reclés _an abbey-church_ 11. + + reithe m. _a ram_ 117, 168. + + rige _a stretching_, _extending_ 116. + + rigne (raigne) f. _stiffness_ 179: LL. 212^{b}15; rigne + labartha, 345^{d}10. + + roimse _abundance_ 202. + + ronn _a chain_ 121. + + rop m. _a brute_, n. pl. ruip, 168, 169. With Triad 168 + compare the following extract from H. 3, 18, p. 8^{b}: + Rofesar rupu tria fóindel caich laithiu dosliat fiachui + dóine do cethrai .i. each cen cuibrich cech tráthai, cú cen + cuibrech _nó_ cen lomain laithe, muiccai cen mucalaig + ndorcha. + + ros-chullach m. _a stallion_ 114. + + ro-thé very hot, _scalding_ 70; Aisl. M. + + rucca f. _shame_ 143. + + ruire m. _a king_, gen. pl. ruirech 202. + + rúss _a blushing_ 143; O'Dav. 1336, 1343, rús .i. grúaid, ut + dicitur: co nach romna rús richt. Rús dono imdergad [et] + gach nderg, H. 3, 18, 73^c. + + + sail _a beam_, _prop_, n. pl. sailge 101. + + saill f. _fat_, _bacon_ 170; gen. cia tiget na saille, LB. + 260^{b}20; n pl. saillti 184. + + sain-chor m. _a special contract_, gen. -chuir 151. + + salánach _dirty_, _filthy_, n. pl. salanaig 230. + + saltraim _I trample_, rosaltrus 104. + + sámtha _repose_ 189. + + sant f. _avarice_ 115. + + scenb _a startling_ (?) n. pl. scenb 106. + + scéo _and_ 223. + + scolóc _a young student_ 233. + + secnabbóite f. _vice-abbotship_ 46. + + seche _a hide_, _skin_ 230. + + ségainn _accomplished_; _an accomplished person_, n. pl. + ségainni, 89 (ségaind M ségainn N); ní rabha i nEirinn uile + budh griabhdha nó bud segaine inás, Three Fragm. 34. + + seim _a rivet_ 172. + + seol (seola) _child-bed_ 224. + + sírecht f. _a tabu_, .i. geis, O'Dav. 1482, who quotes triad + 253. + + sirite m. _a wild man_, _sprite_ 114. + + sit _hush_! 137; sit sit! Hib. Min. 78, 23. + + sleith f. _cohabiting with a woman without her knowledge_ + 155; Aisl. M. O'Dav. 97. + + slissén _a chip_, _lath_ 169. + + snáth f. _a thread_, gen. snáithe 75. + + so-bés m. _good manners_ 84. + + sobraid _sober_ 251; sobraig, LL. 343^{d}3; sobraig cách co + haltram, LL. 345^{d}45. + + sobraide f. _sobriety_ 187, 251. + + sochell _liberality_ 210; LL. 345^{b}39. + + sochlatu m. _good repute_, gen. sochlatad 211. + + sochoisc _docile_ 251; n. pl. -e, CZ. III. 451, 28. + + sochoisce f. _docility_ 194; tossach suthi s., LL. + 345^{b}23. + + so-delb f. _a fine figure_ 85. + + so-gnás f. _good breeding_ 210; gen. sognáise 208. + + soithnges m. _wellspokenness_ 208, 251. + + soitcedach _fortunate_ 239. + + somnath (^{x}so-múnad) _easily taught_, _docile_ 251. Cf. + O'Dav. 1481. + + somnathe f. _docility_ 251. + + són _that_ 239. + + sotcad m. _good fortune_, gen. sotcaid 210. + + sotla f. _pride_ 247. + + so-thengtha _well-spoken_ 251. + + sproicept _a preaching_ 111 B. sproicepht M. + + sreb f. 'the stream of milk drawn from a cow's teats at each + tug,' Dinneen; gen. sreibe, 75 L. + + sreb immais 112 note. + + srithid f. '_the passage of milk from the breast_.' O'R.: + gen. srithide 75. + + sruithe f. _seniority_ 5. + + sta _hush!_ 137; Bodl. Corm. stata, Hib. Min. 78, 1. + + súarcus m. _mirth_ 210. + + suirge f. _a courting_, _wooing_, 247. + + suthaine f. _lastingness_, 182. + + tacra _a pleading_, t. fergach 173 = LL. 345^{d}23. + + tairisiu m. _trustfulness_ 204. + + tairismige f. _obduracy_ 209. + + tair-leimm n. _an alighting_, _a place of alighting_; geis + dí tochim cen tairlim, LL. 201^{a}11: n. pl. tairleme, 32. + + taisec _restitution_, _restoration_ 157. Laws, Aisl. M. + + tal-chaire f. _self-will_, _obstinacy_ 131. + + tarcud _a proposing_ 72, 73; t. do drochmnái, Aisl. M. 73, + 26. + + tarsunn m. _a sauce_; tarsand, O'Mulc. 612: n. pl. tarsuinn + 184 (tarsunn L): torsnu, Aisl. M. 99, 7. + + tascor _a retinue_, t. ríg 71, t. ríg nó espuic, O'Dav. + 1501. + + 1. téite f. _wantonness_ 18. + + 2. téite _a fair_, _gathering_ 88. + + tenn (teinn, tinn) _sore_, _hurting_, cluiche t. 90. Cf. + mían leisan laoch lúaiter linn | cluiche ó nách biad duine + tinn _a game by which no one is hurt_, Bruss. MS. 2569, fo. + 65^a. + + tirdacht f. _boorishness_ 229. + + tlás f. _weariness_ 132, 133. + + togním. m. (?) 219. + + toicthiu (?) 131. + + toimtiu f. _opinion_ 136. Cf. mac toimten '_son of + conjecture_,' O'Dav. 1596. + + tothucht _substance_ 85. BB. 19^{b}14. + + tradna _a corncrake_ 129. + + trecheng _a triad_. For O.-Ir. trethenc, Wb. 29^{c}5 (Thes. + I. 691). + + trichem _a fit of coughing_; sen-t. 114. mod. tritheamh. + + trichtach _example_, _pattern_ (?) 27. is é did_iu_ in fer + sin ropo trichtach do Chorinntib ara techtatis an indmus + am_al_ ná techtatis, LB. 146^{a}32; ropo trichtach tra don + eclais dílgedaig fo chosmailius ingen n-óg ná tabrat olc ar + olc, acbt logud, _ib_. + + tromdatu m. _importunity_ 214. + + tromm m. _the elder-tree_ 129; gen. connud truimm, RC. VII., + 298, 3. + + trú _a doomed person_, dat. robud do throich 83 = Aisl. M. + 71, 20. + + trumma f. _weightiness_, _self-importance_ 131. + + trusca f. _leprosy_ 133 N.; clam-trusca AU. 950. + + tuilféth _a frown_ 142. + + tuisledach _stumbling_, _offending_ 96 N. + + turtugud _a compelling_, _forcing_, _violating_ 155: is tar + turtugud nDé [et] Patraic cach gell [et] cach aitire, Cáin + Domn.; LU. 74^{a}19, 123^{a}17; turtugud breth, LL. 344^{b}; + turrtugad .i. timpud, H. 3, 18, 539^{b}; a turtad .i. per + uim, O'Dav. 1151; turtad .i. coméicniugud, O'Mulc. H. 3, 18, + 74^{b}, 866. + + + uais _hard_, _difficult_ 220, 235; coruice uais nó angbocht, + .i. is é iu t-uais ní ná raibe aice féin, O'Dav. 112. + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Triads of Ireland, by Kuno Meyer + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE TRIADS OF IRELAND *** + +***** This file should be named 31672-8.txt or 31672-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/6/7/31672/ + +Produced by Geetu Melwani, Brian Foley, Christine D. and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |