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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 238, May 20, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 238, May 20, 1854
+ A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+ Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: February 25, 2010 [EBook #31398]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 20, 1854 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+{461}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+No. 238.]
+SATURDAY, MAY 20. 1854.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+ NOTES:-- Page
+ A Leader from a Foreign Newspaper: the New Russian Manifesto 463
+ The Launch of the "Prince Royal" in 1610 464
+ "Notes and Queries on the Ormulum, by Dr. Monicke" 465
+ The Legend of the Seven Sisters 465
+
+ MINOR NOTES:--Coincidences--The English Liturgy--
+ "To jump for joy"--"What is Truth?"--Abolition of Government
+ Patronage 466
+
+ MINOR QUERIES:--"One New Year's Day"--Greek denounced by the
+ Monks--Pliny's Dentistry--J. Farrington, R.A.--Henry
+ Crewkerne of Exeter--Dr. Johnson--Latin "Dante"--Ralph
+ Bosvill, of Bradbourn, Kent--Major-General Wolfe--Custom at
+ University College, Oxford--"Old Dominion"--"Wise men
+ labour," &c. 467
+
+ MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Dame Hester Temple--Samuel
+ White--Heralds' College--Pope 468
+
+ REPLIES:--
+ Blanco White's Sonnet, by S. W. Singer 469
+ Goloshes 470
+ Consonants in Welsh, by Thomas O'Coffey, &c. 471
+ Songs of Degrees (Ascents), by T. J. Buckton 473
+ The Screw Propeller 473
+ Amontillado Sherry 474
+ Recent Curiosities of Literature 475
+ Roland the Brave, by F. M. Middleton, &c. 475
+
+ PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--
+ Recovery of Silver 476
+
+ REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Ashes of "Lignites"--Old Rowley--
+ "Bachelors of every Station"--Mousehunt--Value of Money in
+ the Seventeenth Century--Grammars for Public Schools--Classic
+ Authors and the Jews--Hand-bells at Funerals--"Warple-way"--
+ Medal of Chevalier St. George--Shakspeare's Inheritance--
+ Cassock--Tailless Cats--Names of Slaves--Heraldic--Solar
+ Annual Eclipse of 1263--Brissot de Warville--"Le Compere
+ Mathieu"--Etymology of "Awkward"--Life and Death--Shelley's
+ "Prometheus Unbound"--"Three Crowns and a Sugar-loaf"--
+ Stanza in "Childe Harold"--Errors in Punctuation--Waugh
+ of Cumberland--"Could we with ink," &c. 477
+
+ MISCELLANEOUS:--
+ Books and Old Volumes Wanted 482
+ Notices to Correspondents 483
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Now ready, No. VII. (for May), price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses
+of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.
+
+Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+No. II of JOHN RUSSELL SMITH'S OLD BOOK CIRCULAR is published this Day:
+containing 1200 Choice, Useful, and Curious Books at very moderate prices.
+It may be had Gratis on application, or sent by Post on Receipt of a
+postage label to frank it.
+
+J. R. SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+This Day, fcp. 8vo., 5s.
+
+DANTE'S DIVINE COMEDY.--The First Part.--Hell. Translated in the Metre of
+the Original, with Notes, by THOMAS BROOKSBANK, M.A., Cambridge.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+This Day, 8vo., 1s.
+
+A DIALOGUE ON THE PLURALITY OF WORLDS: being a Supplement to the Essay on
+that Subject.
+
+Also, 8vo., 8s.
+
+OF THE PLURALITY OF WORLDS: An Essay.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+This Day, Seventh and Cheaper Edition, with numerous Illustrations, 2s. 6d.
+
+DOMESTICATED ANIMALS. By MARY ROBERTS.
+
+By the same Author, Third Edition, with Illustrations, 3s. 6d., gilt edges.
+
+WILD ANIMALS.
+
+London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ARUNDEL SOCIETY.--The Publication of the Fourth Year (1852-3), consisting
+of Eight Wood Engravings by MESSRS. DALZIEL, from Mr. W. Oliver Williams'
+Drawings after GIOTTO'S Frescos at PADUA, is now ready; and Members who
+have not paid their Subscriptions are requested to forward them to the
+Treasurer by Post-Office Order, payable at the Charing Cross Office.
+
+ JOHN J. ROGERS,
+ Treasurer and Hon. Sec.
+
+13. & 14. Pall Mall East.
+March, 1854.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+WORKS JUST PUBLISHED BY JOHN HENRY JACKSON.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+Now ready, Second Thousand, post 8vo., cloth, 6s.
+
+GRATITUDE: an Exposition of the 103rd Psalm. By the REV. JOHN STEVENSON,
+Vicar of Patrixbourne-with-Bridge, Canterbury; Author of "Christ on the
+Cross," and "The Lord our Shepherd."
+
+In fcp. 8vo., Second Thousand, price 2s. 6d.
+
+REDEEMING LOVE. By W. B. MACKENZIE, M.A., Incumbent of St. James',
+Holloway.
+
+In fcp. 8vo., cloth, with Portrait, 3s. 6d.
+
+THE BUD OF PROMISE: Memoir of Eliza H. M. Groeme. By the REV. D. Pitcairn,
+Author of "Perfect Peace," &c.
+
+In fcp. 8vo., with Engraving, price 3s. 6d.
+
+HESTER FLEMING: The Good Seed, and its certain Fruit. By MRS. WARD.
+
+In fcp. 8vo., with Portrait, Twenty-fourth Thousand, 2s. 6d.
+
+PERFECT PEACE. Letters Memorial of the late J. W. Hawell. By the REV. D.
+PITCAIRN.
+
+In 18mo., Third Thousand, cloth, 1s. 6d.
+
+MARRIED LIFE: its Duties, Trials, and Joys. By W. B. MACKENZIE, M.A.
+
+By the same Author,
+
+In 18mo., cloth, price 1s. 6d.
+
+THE DWELLINGS OF THE RIGHTEOUS.
+
+Publishing monthly, 4d.; Quarterly Parts, 1s.
+
+BIBLE CHARACTERS. Five Numbers already published. By W. B. MACKENZIE, M.A.
+
+In 24mo., Eleventh Thousand, price Twopence.
+
+POOR LETTER "H;" its Use and Abuse, addressed to the Million. By the HON.
+H. H.
+
+In 24mo., price Twopence.
+
+TRUE COURTESY; its Want and Value; a Chapter for all. By SIR JOHN
+COURTEOUS, KT.
+
+London: JOHN HENRY JACKSON, 21. Paternoster Row.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+{462}
+
+CHURCH REFORM LEAGUE.--Founded for the purpose of effecting a thorough
+Conservative Reformation in the Government of the Church.
+
+Gentlemen willing to co-operate are requested to communicate with
+
+CHARLES HOPE, ESQ., 33. LANSDOWNE ROAD NORTH, KENSINGTON PARK, NOTTING
+HILL, LONDON.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+CHURCH REFORM.--Every alternate TUESDAY is published, price Sixpence
+stamped, THE COURIER AND CHURCH REFORM GAZETTE, advocating an immediate
+Reformation in the Church.
+
+For the Bill of the Reform League see "THE COURIER."
+
+OFFICE, 16. GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+REVIEW OF THE PUBLISHING SYSTEM.--For the above see No. 6. of "The Courier
+and Church Reform Gazette." Every Author should read it.
+
+OFFICE, 16. GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Just published, price 7s. 6d.
+
+ERASTIANISM AND THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND SINCE THE REFORMATION. By the REV.
+J. R. PRETYMAN, late Vicar of Aylesbury, Bucks.
+
+London: HOPE & CO., 16. Great Marlborough Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+IMPORTANT TO AUTHORS.--NEW PUBLISHING ARRANGEMENTS.
+
+HOPE & CO., Publishers, 16. Great Marlborough Street, London, CHARGE NO
+COMMISSION FOR PUBLISHING WORKS PRINTED BY THEM until the Author has been
+refunded his original outlay. They would also state that they print in the
+first style, GREATLY UNDER THE USUAL CHARGES; while their Publishing
+Arrangements enable them to promote the interests of all Works entrusted to
+their charge. Estimates, and every particular, furnished gratuitously in
+course of Post.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+HOPE & CO. HAVE JUST PUBLISHED.
+
+1. THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND, in RHYME, from the Conquest to the Reformation.
+Price 5s.
+
+2. CHAPTERS for SCHOOL READING and HOME THOUGHTS; a Sequel to the "Village
+School Reading Book." By the Authoress of the "Village Schoolmistress'
+Assistant." Price 1s., or 10s. per dozen.
+
+3. SACRED HISTORY, with a Compendium of Ecclesiastical History, from the
+Death of Christ to the Accession of Constantine. Edited by the REV. J. C.
+CHAMBERS. Price 5s.
+
+4. THOUGHTS ON SELF-CULTURE. Addressed to Women. By MARIA G. GREY, and her
+sister EMILY SHIRREFF, Authors of "Passion and Principle," and "Letters
+from Spain and Barbary." Second Edition. Price 7s. 6d.
+
+5. NEW SYSTEM OF FIXING ARTIFICIAL TEETH. Illustrated. By A. FITZPATRICK,
+Surgeon-Dentist, 28. Lower Grosvenor Street. Price 2s.
+
+This work has been pronounced by the press as the best popular exposition
+of the Art of Dentistry, and Mr. Fitzpatrick as one of the ablest
+Practitioners of the day.
+
+London: HOPE & Co., 16. Great Marlborough Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+LIBRARY OF VALUABLE BOOKS.
+
+MR. BENTLEY will SELL by AUCTION, in the Lecture Room of the Natural
+History Society, at Worcester, on Tuesday and Wednesday, the 30th and 31st
+Days of MAY, 1854 (instead of Tuesday the 23rd, as previously announced),
+commencing each morning at Eleven o'clock, A VALUABLE LIBRARY of RARE and
+CHOICE BOOKS, including one Copy of the First Folio Edition of Shakspeare,
+London, 1623, and two varying Copies of the Second Folio, London, 1632,
+with many valuable Black-letter Books in Divinity and History.
+
+Catalogues may be had at the Office of the Auctioneer, 9. Foregate Street,
+Worcester, one week previous to the Sale.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s.,
+
+NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the
+"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.
+
+Also, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or coloured, 36s.,
+
+A HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing
+Descriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of
+procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By
+ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.
+
+ "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information
+ concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist
+ should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._
+
+London: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Just published, price 1s., or free by post for 16 Stamps,
+
+A MEMOIR OF THE POET DR. WILLIAM BROOME, the Friend and Assistant of Pope.
+By T. W. BARLOW, ESQ., F.L.S.
+
+London: KENT & CO.
+Manchester: BURGE.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+MUSINGS OF A MUSICIAN. By HENRY C. LUNN. Just published, a new edition,
+whole cloth, boards, gilt, price 3s. This entertaining work consists of a
+Series of Popular Sketches, Illustrative of Musical Matters and Musical
+People.
+
+ "They can scarcely fail to be appreciated even by the most unmusical
+ reader..."--_Westminster Review._
+
+ "These musings give us the impression of versatile ingenuity, and what
+ is better, ingenuousness on the part of the writer."--_Athenaeum._
+
+London: ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington Street (Publishers to the
+Queen); SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.; WHITTAKER & CO.; and all Booksellers and
+Musicsellers.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+THE FAVOURITE BALLADS OF THE SEASON are John Parry's Sweet Vesper Bells of
+Ancona, illustrated, 2s. 6d.; and Have still some kind Word for Me, 2s.
+Franz Abt's May Song, 2s.; Morning, 2s. 6d.; Evening 2s.; and the Earth it
+loves Rain, 2s. Kucken's The Star, 2s.; Sweet May, 2s.; and his celebrated
+song, The Tear, 2s. Pressel's A Youth from the Summit, 2s., and When two
+fond Hearts, 2s. Cherry's The Dreams of Youth, illustrated, 2s. 6d., and
+Like the Song of Birds, illustrated, 2s. 6d. Eliza Cook's Song of the
+Sailor Boy, music by Rodwell, 2s. Harper's Truth in Absence, 2s. Miss
+Fricker's Fading Away, 2s. Barker's The Lime Blossoms, illustrated, 2s.
+6d.; and Glover's (S.) Annie o' the Banks o' Dee, illustrated, 2s. 6d., &c.
+
+London: ROBERT COCKS & CO., New Burlington Street, Music Publishers to the
+Queen.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possesion of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depostories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by post on
+receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.
+
+THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental
+Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
+
+ L s. d.
+ A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent
+ Process 1 1 0
+ Additional Copies (each) 0 5 0
+ A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+ (small size) 3 3 0
+ A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+ (larger size) 5 5 0
+
+Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed
+and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,
+Churches, &c., taken at a short notice.
+
+Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.
+
+Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
+168. New Bond Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ROSS & SONS' INSTANTANEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell, the best and cheapest
+extant.--ROSS & SONS have several private apartments devoted entirely to
+Dyeing the Hair, and particularly request a visit, especially from the
+incredulous, as they will undertake to dye a portion of their hair, without
+charging, of any colour required, from the lightest brown to the darkest
+black, to convince them of its effect.
+
+Sold in cases at 3s. 6d., 5s. 6d., 10s., 15s., and 20s. each case. Likewise
+wholesale to the Trade by the pint, quart, or gallon.
+
+Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bishopsgate Street, Six Doors from
+Cornhill, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ONE THOUSAND BEDSTEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.--HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises
+handsomely Japanned and Brass-mounted Iron Bedsteads, Children's Cribs and
+Cots of new and elegant designs, Mahogany, Birch, and Walnut-tree
+Bedsteads, of the soundest and best Manufacture, many of them fitted with
+Furnitures, complete. A large Assortment of Servants' and Portable
+Bedsteads. They have also every variety of Furniture for the complete
+furnishing of a Bed Room.
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED AND PRICED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS AND BEDDING,
+sent Free by Post.
+
+HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+{463}
+
+_LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 20, 1854._
+
+Notes.
+
+A LEADER FROM A FOREIGN NEWSPAPER: THE NEW RUSSIAN MANIFESTO.
+
+Mention was recently made, in Vol. ix., p. 218., of the valuable character
+of many of the leading articles in the continental journals, and a wish
+expressed that translations of them were more frequently communicated in
+our own papers to English readers. The great newspapers of this country are
+too rich in varied talent and worldwide resources of their own, to make it
+worth their while in ordinary times to pay much attention to information
+and disquisition from foreign politicians, on subjects of the day; but the
+infinite importance to England, and to the world, of the present warlike
+struggle, renders it a matter of corresponding weight to know how far the
+foreign press, in the great centres of movement and intelligence, stand
+affected to Great Britain. Perhaps, therefore, as a specimen of this kind
+of writing, you will for once admit, among your varied contents, the
+following article from the _Koelnische Zeitung_ of May 4:
+
+ "While in England, as a preparation for war, a day of humiliation and
+ prayer is held, on which the Clergy exhort the people to look into
+ their own breasts, and to discover and forsake those sins which might
+ provoke God's punishments; while the most powerful nation of the world
+ commences war by humbling itself before God, on the part of Russia a
+ new manifesto appears, the arrogance of which can scarcely be exceeded
+ by anything human. The Czar speaks as if he were the representative of
+ God upon earth. His affair is God's affair. He carries on war for God,
+ and for His only begotten Son, Jesus Christ our Saviour. God is for
+ him, who can be against him!
+
+ "Such a document has not proceeded from the cabinet of any European
+ power since the Middle Ages. It exceeds all which even Russian
+ diplomacy has accomplished, in its zeal for Christianity, during the
+ last century. For it is worthy of notice that nowhere is religion so
+ much publicly talked about, as in the place where least of it remains,
+ among the higher classes in St. Petersburgh. Religion there is _inter
+ instrumenta regni_. When Catherine II. permitted her husband Peter III.
+ to be imprisoned, in order to rob him of his throne and life, the cause
+ of this was communicated to the Russian people on July 9, 1762, as
+ follows:--'First of all, the foundation of your orthodox Greek religion
+ has been shaken and its principles are drawing near to a total
+ overthrow; so that we ought to dread exceedingly lest we should see a
+ change in the true ruling faith transmitted from antiquity in Russia,
+ and a foreign religion introduced.' So wrote Catherine II., 'the
+ greatest of the queens, and of the ----,' the friend of Voltaire, the
+ greatest lady-freethinker of her age. But she wrote still
+ farther:--'Secondly, the honour of Russia as a state, which has been
+ brought to the highest pinnacle of her victorious arms with the loss of
+ so much blood, is actually trodden under foot through the
+ newly-concluded peace _with her bitterest enemy_.' And who is this
+ bitterest enemy of the orthodox Russia? The King of Prussia, Frederick
+ II.! Yes, the King of Prussia was once declared to be the bitterest
+ enemy of orthodox Russia; and nothing stands in the way but at some
+ future time he may again be declared to be so, just as at the decree of
+ the incorporation of the provinces of Preutzen and Posen. The
+ politicians of St. Petersburgh know that the Russian people, living on
+ in animal dulness, are susceptible of no other intellectual impression
+ except a religious one; and so without reflection, the cross is torn
+ from the high altar, and used as a military signal. Religion was
+ employed as a pretext, in order to lead the unhappy Poles step by step
+ into ruin; and Russia was just so employed in Turkey, when the
+ 'heathen' undertook to disturb her in her Christian work. Rise up,
+ therefore, orthodox nation, and fight for the true Christian faith!
+
+ "We know not whether such a manifesto is sufficient to lead the
+ Russians willingly, like a devoutly believing flock, in the name of
+ Jesus Christ to the battle-field; and to perish in a war projected for
+ a worldly purpose, to obtain the inheritance of the 'sick man.' But we
+ do know that the manifesto will make no one believe throughout
+ civilised Europe in Russia's holy views. Nations which have learned to
+ think cannot help immediately perceiving the contradiction which
+ prevails in this manifesto. First of all the struggle is represented as
+ religious, and immediately after as political. 'England and France' it
+ says, 'make war on Russia, in order to deprive her of a part of her
+ territory.' The only logical connexion between the two modes of
+ statement consists in the words--'their object is to cause our
+ fatherland to descend from the powerful position to which the hand of
+ the Almighty has raised it.' And thereupon is mentioned 'the holy
+ purpose which has been assigned to Russia by divine providence.' And
+ this holy purpose has been no secret for a long time. 'According to the
+ design of providence,' wrote Peter the Great, 'the Russian people are
+ called to universal dominion over Europe for the future.'
+
+ "Such a future cannot longer be averted from Europe, except by common
+ efforts. Prussia has come to an understanding, as to the object in
+ view, with the other powers; and when an object or purpose is sought to
+ be attained, the means must also be provided. To make an impression by
+ words and peaceful means, is quite out of the question, after this
+ imperial pastoral letter, which proclaims war in the name of God and of
+ Jesus Christ. Force can only he repelled by force. It was not our wish
+ to compel our government prematurely. With reference to Prussia's
+ position, the warlike interference of our troops was not desired until
+ England and France had concluded a firm alliance between themselves,
+ and with Turkey; and had commenced the war in earnest. Now, when all
+ this has taken place, and the thunder of cannon is roaring over sea and
+ land; now, when Austria, which conceals within herself so many more
+ dangers, prepares, with manly determination, to advance; what excuse
+ can Prussia {464} have, called upon by right to the leadership; what
+ excuse can she make to herself for remaining behind? In the Vienna
+ protocol of April 9, Prussia has pledged herself, beyond what we could
+ have dared to hope, towards the Western Powers: in the treaty with
+ Austria of April 20, Prussia has bound herself, in certain
+ eventualities that may occur at any moment, to a warlike support of
+ Austria. Is it not, therefore, high time for Prussia to arouse herself
+ from her lethargy, in order to undertake the support contracted for by
+ treaty? If history teaches anywhere an evident lesson, Prussia will
+ find it in her own past history. Once before Prussia promised to help
+ Austria, and was not able to perform her engagement. All the misfortune
+ by which we were attacked in 1806 is to be ascribed to Prussia not
+ having completed her preparations in 1805, and to her not appearing in
+ the field before the battle of Austerlitz. It was reported lately to be
+ the saying of a brave general, that when he heard the enemies'
+ batteries firing, it always seemed to him that he heard his own name
+ called out. Does not Prussia also hear her own name loudly pronounced,
+ in those cannon-shots fired off in the Baltic and Black Sea for the
+ public law of nations by Europe's brave champions? By what means did
+ the great Elector establish the honour of the Prussian name, except by
+ bravely taking the field, as a model of German princes, against the
+ superior force of Louis XIV.? The policy, to which the Prussian
+ government has again pledged itself, will be unanimously approved of by
+ the Prussian people. The abuse which Russia has made of the name of
+ Religion can deceive none, but such as are willing to be deceived.
+ Catholic Christendom, with the Pope and the dignitaries of the Catholic
+ Church in England and France at its head, have declared which side in
+ this struggle is right, and which is wrong; and Righteousness is God's
+ earthly name! Not less have the noblest and most pious Protestants
+ loudly raised their voices as witnesses to the truth, and against the
+ common oppressor of _every_ Christian church, even his own; Religion,
+ called upon for aid, denies it to Russia; and political science has
+ long since pronounced her judgment, that Russia's superiority must be
+ put an end to by a general opposition. If Prussia would but seize the
+ opportunity, and proceed in the same path with Austria, Russia's
+ ambition might be tamed by united Europe in one successful campaign.
+ Now is the favourable moment for Prussia; and if it is not taken
+ advantage of, generations unborn may have cause to rue it."
+
+ALPHA.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+THE LAUNCH OF THE "PRINCE ROYAL" IN 1610.
+
+October 20, 1608, Mr. Phineas Pette commenced the "Prince Royal," which was
+launched in 1610. The keel of this "most goodly shippe for warre" was 114
+feet long, and the cross-beam 44 feet in length, and she carried three
+score and four pieces of great ordnance, and was of the burden of 1400
+tons. On the 8th of May, 1609, the king presided at the trial of Pette at
+Woolwich for insufficiency, during which Pette sat on his knees, "baited by
+the great lord (Northampton) and his bandogs;" and after the ship had been
+inspected by the king and his party, Mr. Pette was acquitted of the charges
+brought against him. The prince visited the ship on the 30th of January,
+1609, 25th of April, 18th of June, and again the following day, with the
+king, and on the 24th of September it was launched. It is stated that the
+garnishing of the ship began between Easter and Michaelmas, and that the
+number of nobles, gentry, and citizens, resorting continually to Woolwich
+to see it, was incredible. On the 9th of September, divers London maids,
+with a little boy with them, visited the ship; the boy fell down into the
+hold, and died the same night from the effects of his fall, being the first
+accident during the building. About the middle of the month, the ship being
+ready to be placed on the ways, twelve choice master carpenters of his
+Majesty's navy were sent for from Chatham to assist in "her striking and
+launching;" on the 18th she was safely set upon her ways, and on the 26th
+was visited by the French ambassador. Preparations were made in the yard
+for the reception of the king, queen, royal children, ladies, and the
+council; and on the evening of the 23rd, a messenger was sent from
+Theobalds, desiring the ship to be searched, lest any disaffected persons
+might have bored holes privily in her bottom. On Monday 24th, the dock
+gates were opened; but the wind blowing hard from the south-west, it proved
+a very bad tide. The king came from Theobalds, though he had been very
+little at ease with a scouring, taken with surfeiting by eating grapes, the
+prince and most of the lords of the council attending him. The queen
+arrived after dinner, and the lord admiral gave commandment to heave taught
+the crabs and screws, though Pette says he had little hope to launch by
+reason the wind overblew the tide; "yet the ship started and had launched,
+but the dock gates pent her in so straight, that she stuck fast between
+them, by reason the ship was nothing lifted by the tide, as we expected she
+would; and the great lighter, by unadvised counsel, being cut off the
+stern, the ship settled so hard upon the ground, that there was no
+possibility of launching that tide; besides which there was such a
+multitude of people got into the ship, that one could scarce stir by
+another."
+
+"The king was much grieved at the frustrate of his expectation," and
+returned to Greenwich at five o'clock with the queen and her train; the
+prince staid a good while after conferring with the lord admiral and Mr.
+Pette, and then rode off to Greenwich, with a promise to return shortly
+after midnight. The night was moonlight, but shortly after midnight became
+very stormy, which Mr. Pette says made him "doubt that there were {465}
+some indirect working among our enemies to dash our launching."
+
+The prince however arrived at the yard, went on board a little before two
+a. m., when the word being given to get all taught, the ship went away
+without any straining of screws or tackles, till she came clear afloat in
+the middle of the channel. He then describes the christening of her by the
+prince, by the name of the "Prince Royal"; and while warping to her
+mooring, his royal highness went down to the platform of the cock-room,
+where the ship's beer stood for ordinary company, and there finding an old
+can without a lid, drew it full of beer himself, and drank it off to the
+lord admiral, and caused him with the rest of the attendants to do the
+like. The hawsers laid ashore for landfasts had been treacherously cut, but
+without doing any injury to the ship. The prince left for Greenwich at nine
+a. m.
+
+J. H. P.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES ON THE ORMULUM, BY DR. MONICKE"
+(_Programm der Handels-Lehranstalt zu Leipzig_, 1853).
+
+Under the above title, Dr. Monicke has published what are considered by a
+foreign critic some valuable observations on the admirable Oxford edition
+(by Dr. Meadows White) of _The Ormulum_, an Anglo-Saxon work, now first
+edited from the original MS. in the Bodleian Library. The attention of the
+readers of "N. & Q.," who are occupied in the study of the Anglo-Saxon,
+with its cognate dialects, and direct descendant, will be doubly attracted
+by a title with which they are so familiar, and which is associated with
+some of the happiest and most peaceful moments of their life. The title of
+the Essay (which I have not yet seen, and which appears to be written in
+English) seems to be entirely the choice of the author, and must be
+somewhat flattering to the Editor of the original "N. & Q."
+
+J. M.
+
+Oxford.
+
+ [We have received, with something like a sense of neglected duty, this
+ notice of _The Ormulum, now first edited from the Original Manuscript
+ in the Bodleian; with Notes and a Glossary by Robert Meadows White,
+ D.D., late Fellow of St. Mary Magdalene College, and formerly Professor
+ of Anglo-Saxon in the University of Oxford_, 2 vols. 8vo. The fact is,
+ we have long intended to call attention to this book, alike creditable
+ to the scholastic acquirements of Dr. White, and to the authorities of
+ the Oxford press; but have from week to week postponed doing so, that
+ we might enter at some length into the history of _The Ormulum_, and a
+ notice of the labour of its editor. In the mean time Dr. White's
+ labours have received from foreign scholars that recognition which his
+ countrymen have been too tardy in offering.--ED. "N. & Q."]
+
+ * * * * *
+
+THE LEGEND OF THE SEVEN SISTERS.
+
+Will the Editor of "N. & Q.," or any of his correspondents, kindly inform
+me of the true circumstances from which the following legend has sprung?
+The locality which was the scene of the tragedy is the little village of
+Ballybunion, situated within a few miles of Kerry Head. The scenery around
+is of the wildest and most striking description. Frowning, rugged cliffs,
+rising abruptly out of the water to the height of over one hundred feet,
+and perforated with numerous caves, into which the ocean rushes with
+fearful fury in winter,--for it is a stormy coast, and rarely does a month
+pass without beholding some dead, putrified body washed ashore; while
+inland, a barren, uncultivated plain, consisting mostly of bog, stretches
+away to nearly the foot of the Reeks, which, looming in the distance, seem
+to rear their giant masses even to the sky, and form, as it were, an
+impenetrable barrier between the coast and the interior. On the brink of
+one of those precipices we have mentioned, there stands the ruins of a
+castle, seemingly of great antiquity. Nothing now remains but the basement
+storey, and that seems as if it would be able to withstand the war of winds
+and waves for hundreds of years longer. According to the legend, this
+castle was inhabited by a gallant chieftain at the period of the incursions
+of the Danes, and who was the father of seven blooming daughters. He was
+himself a brave warrior, animated with the greatest hatred against the
+Ostmen, who, at that period, were laying every part of Erin waste. His
+sword never rested in its sheath, and day and night his light gallies
+cruised about the coast on the watch for any piratical marauder who might
+turn his prow thither. One day a sail was observed on the horizon; it came
+nearer and nearer, and the pirate standard was distinguished waving from
+its mast-head. Immediately surrounded by the Irish ships, it was captured
+after a desperate resistance. Those that remained of the crew were
+slaughtered and thrown into the sea, with the exception of the captain and
+his six brothers, who were reserved for a more painful death. Conveyed to
+the fortress, their wounds were dressed, and they were allowed the free
+range of the castle. Here, gradually a love sprung between them and the
+seven Irish maidens, who yielded to their ardent protestations, and agreed
+to fly with them to Denmark. Everything was arranged for the voyage, and
+one fearfully stormy night in winter was chosen for the attempt. Not a
+single star shone in the sky, the cold blast came sweeping from the ocean,
+the rain fell in torrents, and the water roared and raged with terrific
+violence amid the rocky caverns. Escaping down from the battlement by a
+rope-ladder, they discovered to their horror, that on reaching the ground
+they were surrounded by armed men. Not a word was uttered; but they {466}
+well knew into whose hands they had fallen. Conducted again within the
+fortress, they found themselves face to face with their injured father. One
+deadly glance of hatred he cast on the prisoners, and, muttering some few
+words to one of his attendants, he pointed towards his daughters. The man,
+on receiving the command, recoiled a few paces, transfixed with horror; and
+then he advanced nearer, and seemed as if remonstrating with him. But the
+parent's face assumed an absolutely demoniac expression; and more
+peremptorily repeating his order, he stalked out of the room. And now
+commenced a fearful scene. The lovers were torn from each other's arms, and
+the women were brought forth again. The storm had grown more violent, and
+the spray was dashing far over the cliff, whilst the vivid flashes of
+lightning afforded a horrible illumination to the dreary scene. Proceeding
+along the brink of the precipice, they at length came to a chasm which
+resembled somewhat the crater of a volcano, as it was completely closed,
+with the exception of the opening at the top, and one small aperture below,
+through which the sea rushed with terrible violence. The rolling of the
+waters sounded fearfully on the ear of those around, and now at length the
+sisters divined their fate. One by one they were hurled into the boiling
+flood: one wild shriek, the billows closed again, and all was over. What
+the fate of their lovers was, the legend says not. The old castle has
+crumbled into ruins--the chieftain sleeps in an unknown grave, his very
+name forgotten; but still the sad ending of the maidens is remembered, and
+even unto this day the cavern is denominated the "Cave of the Seven
+Sisters." Such is the above legend as it still exists amongst the
+peasantry, and any of your contributors would extremely oblige by informing
+me of the name of the Irish leader.
+
+GEORGE OF MUNSTER.
+
+Queen's College, Cork.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Coincidences._--
+
+ "Jejunus raro stomachus vulgaria temnit."--Hor. _Sat._ 2.
+
+ "A hungry dog eats dirty pudding."
+
+ "Dum vitant stulti vitia, in contraria currunt."--Hor. _Sat._ 1.
+
+ "He misses one post, and runs his head against t'other."
+
+ "[Greek: Chelidon ear ou poiei]."--Arist. _Eth._, i. 7.
+
+ "One swallow don't make a summer."
+
+J. H. B.
+
+_The English Liturgy._--
+
+ "It is deserving of notice, that although Dr. Beattie had been brought
+ up a member of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, and regularly
+ attended her worship and ordinances when at Aberdeen, he yet gave the
+ most decided preference to the Church of England, generally attending
+ the service of that Church when anywhere from home, and constantly when
+ at Peterhead. He spoke with enthusiasm of the beauty, simplicity, and
+ energy of the English Liturgy, especially of the Litany, which he
+ declared to be the finest piece of uninspired composition in any
+ language." _Life of Dr. Beattie_, by Sir W. Forbes, Bart., vol. iii.
+ p. 168. note.
+
+J. M.
+
+Oxford.
+
+"_To jump for joy._"--This expression, now most often used figuratively,
+was probably in the olden time a plain and literal description of an actual
+fact. The _Anglo-Norman Poem on the Conquest of Ireland by Henry II._,
+descriptive of events which occurred at the close of the twelfth century,
+informs us (at p. 53.) that one of the English knights, named Maurice de
+Prendergast, being desirous of returning with his followers to Wales, was
+impeded in his march by "les traitres de Weyseford;" and that this so much
+provoked him, that he tendered his services to the King of Ossory, who--
+
+ "De la novele esteit heistez,
+ E de joie saili a pes."
+
+This expression, "saili a pes," is translated in the Glossary "rose upon
+feet;" but the more correct rendering of it appears to me to be that of
+jumping or dancing for joy.
+
+JAMES F. FERGUSON.
+
+Dublin.
+
+"_What is Truth?_"--Bacon begins his "Essay of Truth" (which is dated 1625)
+with these words:
+
+ "What is truth? said jesting Pilate, and would not stay for an answer.
+ Certainly, there be that delight in giddiness, and count it a bondage
+ to fix a belief; affecting freewill in thinking, as well as in acting."
+
+There is a similar passage in Bishop Andrews's sermon _Of the
+Resurrection_, preached in 1613:
+
+ "Pilate asked, _Quid est veritas?_ And then some other matter took him
+ in the head, and so up he rose, and went his way, before he had his
+ answer; he deserved never to find what truth was. And such is our
+ seeking mostwhat, seldom or never seriously, but some question that
+ comes cross our brain for the present, some _quid est veritas_? So
+ sought as if that we sought were as good lost as found. Yet this we
+ would fain have so for seeking, but it will not be."
+
+Perhaps Bacon heard the bishop preach (the sermon was at Whitehall); and if
+so, the passage in Andrews will explain the word "jesting" to mean, not
+scoffing, but asking without serious purpose of acquiring information.
+
+J. A. H.
+
+_Abolition of Government Patronage._--The following passage, from Dr.
+Middleton's _Dedication of the Life of Cicero_ to Lord Keeper Hervey, is
+{467} interesting as showing the enlightened sentiments of an eminent
+scholar a hundred years ago when addressing a minister of the crown:
+
+ "Human nature has ever been the same in all ages and nations, and owes
+ the difference of its improvements to a difference only of culture, and
+ of the rewards proposed to its industry; where these are the most amply
+ provided, there we shall always find the most numerous and shining
+ examples of human perfection. In old Rome, the public honours were laid
+ open to the virtue of every citizen; which, by raising them in their
+ turns to the commands of that mighty empire, produced a race of nobles
+ superior even to kings. This was a prospect that filled the soul of the
+ ambitious and roused every facility of mind and body to exert its
+ utmost force; whereas, in modern states, men's views being usually
+ confined to narrow bounds, beyond which they cannot pass, and a partial
+ culture of their talents being sufficient to procure everything that
+ their ambition can aspire to, a great genius has seldom either room or
+ invitation to stretch itself to its full size."
+
+ALPHA.
+
+Oxford.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+"_One New Year's Day._"--An old lady used to amuse my childhood by singing
+a song commencing--
+
+ "One New Year's day, as I've heard say,
+ Dick mounted on his dappled grey," &c.
+
+The rest I forget, but I should be glad to know if it is extant, and what
+is known of its origin, &c.
+
+G. WILLIAM SKYRING.
+
+Somerset House.
+
+_Greek denounced by the Monks._--
+
+ "Almost the time (A.D. 1530) when the monks preached in their sermons
+ to the people to beware of a new tongue of late discovered, called the
+ Greek, and the mother of all heresies."--_Foreign Quarterly_ for
+ October, 1842, No. 59. p. 137.
+
+Can any of your readers give references to such passages in Monkish
+sermons?
+
+CPL.
+
+_Pliny's Dentistry._--As your journal has become the repository of so many
+novel and interesting _facts_, I trust that the following data will be
+found acceptable to the readers of "N. & Q." Having had occasion, of late,
+to look over the works of Pliny, I was struck with the extent to which this
+ancient naturalist and philosopher has carried his researches on the above
+subject; as, in some editions, the Index of the article DENTES occupies
+several closely-printed columns. He recommends tooth-powder (_dentifricia_)
+of hartshorn, pumice-stone, burnt nitre, _Lapis Arabus_, the ashes of
+shells, as well as several ludicrous substances, in accordance with the
+mystic prejudices of the age. Amongst the remedies for fixing (_firmare_)
+teeth, he mentions _Inula_, _Acetum Scillinum_, _Radix Lapathi sativi_,
+vinegar; and loose teeth are to be fixed by _Philidonia_, _Veratrum
+nigrum_, and a variety of other remedies, amongst which some are most
+rational, and tend to prove that more attention was paid to the
+physiological (_hygeistic_) department relating to that portion of the
+human body than we have been hitherto aware of, as even the most recent
+works on Dentistry do not mention these facts.
+
+GEORGE HAYES.
+
+Conduit Street.
+
+_J. Farrington, R.A._--Having recently met with some views by J.
+Farrington, R.A., without a description of the locality, I shall be obliged
+by your insertion of a Query respecting information of what views were
+executed by this painter, with their localities, in or about the year 1789.
+As I am informed that those above referred to belong to this neighbourhood,
+and therefore would be invested with interest to me, I could ascertain
+their locality with precision.
+
+JOHN NURSE CHADWICK.
+
+King's Lynn.
+
+_Henry Crewkerne, of Exeter_, "Captain of Dragoons, descended from
+Crewkerne, of Crewkerne, in Devonshire," died at Carlow in Feb. 1664-5. Was
+he descended from Crewkerne of Chilhay, Dorset? His pedigree would be very
+acceptable.
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+_Dr. Johnson._--Johnson says somewhere that he never was in a tight place
+but once, and that was when he had a mad bull by the tail. Had he held on,
+he said he would have been dragged to death over a stubble field; while if
+had not held on, the bull would have gored him to death. Now my Query is,
+what did Dr. Johnson do, hold on or let go?
+
+G. M. B.
+
+_Latin "Dante."_--Is there not a literal Latin _prose_ translation of
+Dante, somewhat rhythmical? Has not Stillingfleet cited it in the
+_Origines_? If so, where is its _corpus_? And in what form, MS. or printed?
+Of metrical Latin versions there are several beside those of the Jesuit
+Carlo d'Aquino and Piazza. The Query is as to the prose?
+
+PHILIP ASKE.
+
+_Ralph Bosvill, of Bradbourn, Kent_, Clerk of the Court of Wards, married
+first, Anne, daughter of Sir Richard Clement, and widow of John Castillon,
+by whom he had five children. He married secondly, Benedicta Skinner, by
+whom he had six children. This I have taken from the _Visitations of Kent_.
+In Harl. MS. 5532.152, he is said to have had another son Ralph, "slain in
+Ireland." This Ralph was his son, and I wish to discover by which wife, as
+the entry above-mentioned in the {468} MSS. is of a much later date than
+the body of it. He had, I think, two other sons at least, who are not in
+the books, namely, Godfrey and William. The name is sometimes called
+"Boswell." Was the younger Ralph's wife, Mary, daughter of Alveray Copley
+of Batley?
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+_Major-General Wolfe._--The following MS. is advertised for sale. Is
+anything known concerning it?
+
+ "A Copy of Orders written by Major-General Woolfe; an important
+ unpublished Historical MS. This valuable collection commences with
+ 'General Orders to be observed by a regiment on their arrival in
+ Scotland, 1748.' At p. 55. begin 'Orders by Major-General Woolfe in
+ America: Halifax, April 30, 1759.' They continue dated from Louisburg,
+ Point Orleans, Montmorenci, Cape Rouge, &c., to the last, which is
+ dated on board the Sutherland, off St. Nicholas, Sept. 12th, the day
+ before the scaling the heights of Abraham; no doubt the last issued by
+ Woolfe, as on that day (13th) he fell in battle. There is no clue in
+ the MS. to its compiler; it consists of 103 pages 4to., beautifully
+ written, with MS. Plan of Order of Battle, of the army commanded by
+ General Woolfe in America, 1789. It is believed that no printed copy
+ exists of these valuable papers, which are of the highest importance to
+ the Historian, as a slight extract will show. Small 4to., calf.
+
+ 'Sept. 12. The Sutherland, at anchor off St. Nicholas:--The enemies'
+ forces are not divided; great scarcity of provisions in the camp, and
+ universal discontent amongst the Canadians. The second officer in
+ command is gone to Montreal or St. John's, which gives reason to think
+ that Governor Amherst is advancing into that colony. A vigorous blow
+ struck by the army at this juncture might determine the fate of Canada.
+ Our troops below are ready to join us; all the light infantry and tools
+ are embarked at the Point of Levi, and the troops will land where the
+ enemy seems least to expect it.'"
+
+J. BALCH.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Custom at University College, Oxford._--What is the origin of the
+following custom observed at this college? On every Easter Sunday the
+representation of a tree, dressed with evergreens and flowers, is placed on
+a turf, close to the buttery, and every member there resident, as he leaves
+the Hall, after dinner, chops at the tree with a cleaver. The college-cook
+stands by holding a plate, in which the Master deposits half a guinea, each
+Fellow five shillings, and the other members two shillings and sixpence
+each; this custom is called "chopping at the tree." When was this custom
+instituted, and to what circumstance are we to attribute its origin? Who
+presented to the chapel of this College the splendid eagle, as a lectern,
+which forms one of its chief ornaments? Was it presented by Dr. Radcliffe,
+or does it date its origin from the happy reign of Queen Mary?
+
+M. A.
+
+"_Old Dominion._"--It is stated in a newspaper that the term "Old
+Dominion," generally applied here to the state of Virginia, originated from
+the following facts. During the Protectorate of Cromwell the colony of
+Virginia refused to acknowledge his authority, and sent to Flanders for
+Charles II. to reign over them. Charles accepted, and was about to embark,
+when he was recalled to the throne of England. Upon his accession, as a
+reward for her loyalty, he allowed the colony to quarter the arms of
+England, Ireland, and Scotland, as an independent member of the "Old
+Dominion;" whence the term. What truth is there in this story?
+
+PENN.
+
+"_Wise men labour_," _&c._--
+
+On the fly-leaf of Sir Roger Twysden's copy of Stow's _Annales_ are the
+following, lines, dated 1643:
+
+ "Wise men labour, good men grieve,
+ Knaves devise, and fooles believe;
+ Help, Lord! and now stand to us,
+ Or fooles and knaves will quite undoe us,
+ Or knaves and fooles will quite undoe us."
+
+From whence are these lines taken?
+
+L. B. L.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Dame Hester Temple._--"Lady Temple lived to see seven hundred of her own
+descendants: she had thirteen children." I have extracted this
+"sea-serpent" from an extract in Burke from _Fuller's Worthies_, but I am
+unable to refer to the original for confirmation of this astounding fact;
+if true it is wonderful.
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+ [Fuller's amusing account of Dame Hester Temple will be found in his
+ _Worthies of Buckinghamshire_, vol. i. p. 210. edit. 1840. He says:
+ "Dame Hester Temple, daughter to Miles Sands, Esq., was born at Latmos
+ in this county, and was married to Sir Thomas Temple, of Stow, Baronet.
+ She had four sons and nine daughters, which lived to be married, and so
+ exceedingly multiplied, that this lady saw seven hundred extracted from
+ her body. Reader, I speak within compass, and have left myself a
+ reserve, having bought the truth hereof by a wager I lost. Besides,
+ there was a new generation of marriageable females just at her death;
+ so that this aged vine may be said to wither, even when it had many
+ young boughs ready to knit.
+
+ "Had I been one of her relations, and as well enabled as most of them
+ be, I would have erected a monument for her--thus designed. A fair tree
+ should have been erected, the said lady and her husband lying at the
+ bottom or root thereof; the heir of the family should have ascended
+ both the middle and top bough thereof. On the right hand hereof her
+ younger sons, {469} on the left her daughters, should, as so many
+ boughs, be spread forth. Her grandchildren should have their names
+ inscribed on the branches of those boughs; the great-grandchildren on
+ the twigs of those branches; and the great-great-grandchildren on the
+ leaves of those twigs. Such as survived her death should be done in a
+ lively green, the rest (as blasted) in a pale and yellow fading colour.
+
+ "Pliny, lib. vii. cap. 13. (who reports it as a wonder worthy the
+ chronicle, that Chrispinus Hilarus, _praelata pompa_, 'with open
+ ostentation,' sacrificed in the capitol seventy-four of his children
+ and children's children attending on him,) would more admire, if
+ admitted to this spectacle.
+
+ "Vives telleth us of village in Spain, of about an hundred houses,
+ whereof all the inhabitants were issued from one certain old man who
+ lived, when as that village was so peopled, so as the name of
+ propinquity, how the youngest of the children should call him, could
+ not be given.[1] 'Lingua enim nostra supra abavum non ascendit;' ('Our
+ language,' saith he, meaning the Spanish, 'affords not a name above the
+ great-grandfather's father'). But, had the offspring of this lady been
+ contracted into one place, they were enough to have peopled a city of a
+ competent proportion though her issue was not so long in succession, as
+ broad in extent.
+
+ "I confess very many of her descendants died before her death; in which
+ respect she was far surpassed by a Roman matron, on which the poet thus
+ epitapheth it, in her own person[2]:
+
+
+ '_Viginti atque novem, genitrici Callicrateae,_
+ _Nullius sexus mors mihi visa fuit._
+ _Sed centum et quinque explevi bene messibus annos,_
+ _In tremulam baculo non subeunte manum._'
+
+ 'Twenty-nine births Callicrate I told,
+ And of both sexes saw none sent to grave,
+ I was an hundred and five winters old,
+ Yet stay from staff my hand did never crave.'
+
+ Thus, in all ages, God bestoweth personal felicities on some far above
+ the proportion of others. The Lady Temple died A.D. 1656."]
+
+[Footnote 1: In Comment upon 8th chapter of lib. xv. de Civitate Dei.]
+
+[Footnote 2: Ausonius, Epitaph. Heroeum, num. 34.]
+
+_Samuel White._--In Bishop Horsley's _Biblical Criticism_, he refers
+several times to a Samuel White, whom he speaks of in terms of contempt,
+and calls him, in one place, "that contemptible ape of Grotius;" and in
+another, "so dull a man." Query, who was this Mr. White, and what work did
+he publish?
+
+I. R. R.
+
+ [Samuel White, M.A., was a Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and
+ Chaplain to the Earl of Portland. His work, so severely criticised by
+ Bishop Horsley, is entitled _A Commentary on the Prophet Isaiah,
+ wherein the literal Sense of his Prophecies is briefly explained_:
+ London, 4to., 1709. In his Dedication he says: "I have endeavoured to
+ set in a true light one of the most difficult parts of Holy Scripture,
+ following the footsteps of the learned Grotius as far as I find him in
+ the right; but taking the liberty to leave him where I think him wide
+ of the prophet's meaning."]
+
+_Heralds' College._--Are the books in the Heralds' College open to the
+public on payment of reasonable fees?
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+ [The fee for a search is 5s.; that for copying of pedigrees is 6s. 8d.
+ for the first, and 5s. for every other generation. A general search is
+ 2l. 2s. The hours of attendance are from ten till four.]
+
+_Pope._--Where, in Pope's Works, does the passage occur which is referred
+to as follows by Richter in his _Groenlandische Prozesse_, vol. i.?
+
+ "Pope vom Menschen (eigentlich vom Manne) sagt, 'Er tritt auf, um sich
+ einmal umzusehen, und zu sterben.'"
+
+A. E.
+
+Aberdeen.
+
+ ["Awake my St. John! leave all meaner things
+ To low ambition, and the pride of kings.
+ Let us (since life can little more supply
+ _Than just to look about us, and to die_)
+ Expatiate free o'er all this scene of man."--_Essay on Man_, Epist.
+ i. l. 1-5.]
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+BLANCO WHITE'S SONNET.
+
+(Vol. vii., pp. 404. 486.)
+
+This sonnet first appeared in _The Bijou_, an annual published by Pickering
+in 1828. It is entitled:
+
+ "NIGHT AND DEATH.
+
+ _A Sonnet: dedicated to S. T. Coleridge, Esq._
+ _by his sincere friend Joseph Blanco White._
+
+ Mysterious night, when the first man but knew
+ Thee by report, unseen, and heard thy name,
+ Did he not tremble for this lovely frame,
+ This glorious canopy of light and blue?
+ Yet 'neath a curtain of translucent dew,
+ Bathed in the rays of the great setting flame,
+ Hesperus, with the host of heaven came,
+ And lo! creation widen'd on his view.
+ Who could have thought what darkness lay concealed
+ Within thy beams, O Sun? Or who could find,
+ Whilst fly, and leaf, and insect stood reveal'd,
+ That to such endless orbs thou mad'st us blind?
+ Weak man! Why to shun death this anxious strife?
+ If _light_ can thus deceive, wherefore not _life_?"
+
+In a letter from Coleridge to White, dated Nov. 28, 1827, he thus speaks of
+it:
+
+ "I have now before me two fragments of letters _begun_, the one in
+ acknowledgment of the finest and most graceful sonnet in our language
+ (at least it is only in Milton's and Wordsworth's sonnets that I {470}
+ recollect any rival, and this is not my judgment alone, but that of the
+ man [Greek: kat' exochen philokalon], John Hookham Frere), the second
+ on the receipt of your 'Letter to Charles Butler,'" &c.
+
+In a subsequent letter, without date, Coleridge thus again reverts to the
+circumstance of its having been published without his or White's sanction:
+
+ "But first of your sonnet. On reading the sentences in your letter
+ respecting it, I stood staring vacantly on the paper, in a state of
+ feeling not unlike that which I have too often experienced in a dream:
+ when I have found myself in chains, or in rags, shunned, or passed by,
+ with looks of horror blended with sadness, by friends and acquaintance;
+ and convinced that, in some alienation of mind, I must have perpetrated
+ some crime, which I strove in vain to recollect. I then ran down to
+ Mrs. Gillman, to learn whether she or Mr. Gillman could throw any light
+ on the subject. Neither Mr. nor Mrs. Gillman could account for it. I
+ have repeated the sonnet often, but, to the best of my recollection,
+ never either gave a copy to any one, or permitted any one to transcribe
+ it; and as to publishing it without your consent, you must allow me to
+ say the truth: I had felt myself so much flattered by your having
+ addressed it to me, that I should have been half afraid that it would
+ appear to be asking to have my vanity tickled, if I had thought of
+ applying to you for permission to publish it. Where and when did it
+ appear? If you will be so good as to inform me, I may perhaps trace it
+ out: for it annoys me to imagine myself capable of such a breach of
+ confidence and of delicacy."
+
+In his Journal, October 16 [1838?], Blanco White says:
+
+ "In copying out my 'Sonnet on Night and Death' for a friend, I have
+ made some corrections. It is now as follows:
+
+ 'Mysterious Night! when our first parent knew
+ Thee from report divine, and heard thy name,
+ Did he not tremble for this lovely frame,
+ This glorious canopy of light and blue?
+ Yet 'neath a curtain of translucent dew,
+ Bathed in the rays of the great setting flame,
+ Hesperus with the Host of Heaven came,
+ And lo! creation widen'd in man's view.
+ Who could have thought such darkness lay conceal'd
+ Within thy beams, O Sun! or who could find,
+ Whilst fly, and leaf, and insect stood reveal'd,
+ That to such countless orbs thou mad'st us blind!
+ Why do we then shun death, with anxious strife?
+ If light can thus deceive, wherefore not life?'"
+
+S. W. SINGER.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+GOLOSHES.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 304.)
+
+This word, SELEUCUS says, "is of course of American derivation." By no
+means: it is found in German, _gallosche_ or _gallusche_; and in French,
+_galoche_ or _galloche_. The word itself most likely comes to us from the
+French. The dictionaries refer to Spenser as using it under the form
+_galage_; and it occurs written _galege_, _galosh_, _calosh_, &c. The
+French borrowed the term from the Latin _Gallicae_; but the Romans first
+derived the idea and the thing itself from Gaul, _Gallicae_ denoting Gallic
+or Gaulish shoes. Cicero speaks of the _Gallicae_ with contempt.--"Cum
+calceis et toga, nullis nec _gallicis_ nec lacerna;" and again, "Cum
+_gallicis_ et lacerna cucurristi" (_Philip._ ii. 30.). Blount, in his _Law
+Dictionary_ (1670), gives the following, which refers to one very early use
+of the term in this country:
+
+ "GALEGE (_galiciae_), from the French _galloches_, which signified of
+ old a certain shoe worn by the Gauls in foul weather, _as at present
+ the signification with us does not much differ_. It is mentioned 4 Edw.
+ IV. cap. 7., and 14 & 15 Hen. VIII. cap. 9."
+
+Therefore the thing itself and the word were known among us before America
+was discovered. As it regards the Latin word _Gallicae_, I only know of its
+use by Cicero, Tertullian, and A. Gellius. The last-named, in the _Noctes
+Atticae_, gives the following anecdote and observations relating to this
+word. T. Castricius, a teacher of rhetoric at Rome, observing that some of
+his pupils were, on a holiday, as he deemed, unsuitably attired, and shod
+(_soleati_) with _gallicae_ (_galloches_, _sabots_, wooden shoes or clogs),
+he expressed in strong terms his disapprobation. He stated it to be
+unworthy of their rank, and referred to the above-cited passage from
+Cicero. Some of his hearers inquired why he called those _soleati_ who wore
+goloshes (_gallicae_) and not shoes (_soleae_). The expression is justified
+by a statement which sufficiently describes the goloshes, viz., that they
+call _soleae_ (shoes) all those which cover only the lower portions of the
+foot, and are fastened with straps. The author adds:
+
+ "I think that _gallicae_ is a new word, which was begun to be used not
+ long before Cicero's time, therefore used by him in the Second of the
+ _Antonians_. 'Cum gallicis,' says he, 'et lacerna cucurristi.' Nor do I
+ read it in any other writer of authority, but other words are
+ employed."
+
+The Romans named shoes after persons and places as we do: for examples, see
+Dr. W. Smith's _Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities_, sub voc.
+"Calceus."
+
+B. H. C.
+
+Poplar.
+
+This word is not of American derivation. In the _Promptorium Parvulorum_ we
+find,--
+
+ "GALACHE or GALOCHE, undersolynge of manny's fote."
+
+Mr. Way says in his note:
+
+ "The galache was a sort of patten, fastened to the foot by cross
+ latchets, and worn by men as early as the {471} time of Edward III.
+ Allusion is made to it by Chaucer,
+
+ 'Ne were worthy to unbocle his galoche.'--_Squires Tale_, 10,869."
+
+Among many other quotations Mr. Way gives the following:
+
+ "To geten hym gilte spores,
+ Or galoches y-couped."--_Piers Ploughman_, 12,099.
+
+And in the _Wardrobe Book of Prince Henry_, A.D. 1607, are mentioned--
+
+"1 pair of golossians, 6s.; 16 gold buckles with pendants and toungs to
+buckle a pair of golosses."--_Archaeol._ xi. 93.
+
+Nares says:
+
+ "GALAGE. A clown's coarse shoe from _galloche_, a shoe with a wooden
+ sole, old French, which itself is supposed to be from _gallica_, a kind
+ of shoe mentioned by Cicero, _Philip._ ii. 30., and A. Gellius, xiii.
+ 21. If so, the word has returned to the country whence it was first
+ taken, but I doubt much of that derivation; by the passages referred to
+ in the above authors, it seems more likely that the _gallica_ was a
+ luxurious covering, than one so very coarse as the galloche. Perhaps
+ the _caliga_, or military strong boot of the Romans, from which
+ Caligula was named, may be a better origin for it. The word _galloche_
+ is now naturalised among us for a kind of clog, worn over the shoes."
+
+See also Richardson's _Dictionary_, s. v. "Galoche."
+
+ZEUS.
+
+SELEUCUS need not have gone quite so far as to "the tribe of North American
+Indians, the Goloshes," or to America at all, for his derivation. If he
+will look in his French dictionary he will find,--
+
+ "_Galoche_ (espece de mule que l'on porte par dessus les souliers),
+ galoshoe."
+
+I quote from Boyer's _Dictionnaire Royal_, edit. 1753.
+
+Cole, in his English dictionary, 1724, has--
+
+ "_Galeges_, _galages_, _galloches_, _galloshoes_, Fr., wooden shoes all
+ of a piece. With us outward shoes or cases for dirty weather, &c."
+
+C. DE D.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+CONSONANTS IN WELSH.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 271.)
+
+For the gratification of your correspondent J. M., I give you the result of
+an enumeration of the _letters_ and _sounds_ in three versions of the
+Hundredth Psalm in Welsh, and three corresponding versions of it in
+English.
+
+1. From the authorised translations of the Bible, Welsh and English.
+
+2. The metrical version of Tate and Brady, and that of Archdeacon Prys.
+
+3. Dr. Watts's metrical version and a Welsh imitation of it.
+
+ _Letters in three Welsh Versions._
+
+ _Bible._ _Prys._ _Watts._
+ Consonants 185 205 241
+ Vowels 148 165 159
+ --- --- ---
+ Apparent excess of }
+ consonants in Welsh } 37 40 82
+
+ _Letters in three English Versions._
+
+ _Bible._ _Tate & Brady._ _Watts._
+ Consonants 220 271 275
+ Vowels 134 163 170
+ --- --- ---
+ Apparent excess of }
+ consonants in English } 86 108 105
+
+ _Sounds in three Welsh Versions._
+
+ _Bible._ _Prys._ _Watts._
+ Consonants 150 173 200
+ Vowels 148 165 159
+ --- --- ---
+ Real excess of consonants}
+ in Welsh } 2 8 41
+
+ _Sounds in three English Versions._
+
+ _Bible._ _Tate & Brady._ _Watts._
+ Consonants 195 241 240
+ Vowels 122 149 159
+ --- --- ---
+ Real excess of consonants}
+ in English } 73 92 81
+
+From this analysis it appears that the excess of consonant _letters_ over
+vowels is, in English, 299; and in Welsh, 159, a little more than one-half.
+The excess of consonant _sounds_ is, in English, 246; in Welsh, 51,
+considerably less than one-fourth.
+
+This result might readily have been anticipated by anybody familiar with
+the following facts:
+
+1. On examining lists of the elementary sounds of both languages, it will
+be found that the Welsh has a greater number of vowels than the English,
+and the English a greater number of consonants than the Welsh.
+
+2. Welsh diphthongs are much more numerous than English.
+
+3. In English, _three_ vowels only constitute words in themselves (_a_,
+article; _I_, pronoun; _O_, interjection), and each is used only in one
+sense. In Welsh, _five_ of the vowels (_a_, _e_, _i_, _o_, _y_) are words;
+and they are used in at least a dozen different significations. _A_,
+besides being an affirmative and interrogative adverb, answers to the
+English _and_, _as_, _with_, _will go_.
+
+4. Diphthongs forming distinct words are much more numerous in Welsh than
+in English. The following occur: _ai_, _a'i_ (=_a ei_), _a'u_, _ei_, _eu_,
+_ia_, _ie_, _i'w_, _o'i_, _o'u_, _ow_, _[^w]y_, _yw_.
+
+5. In Welsh there are no such clusters of consonants as occur in the
+English words _arched_ {472} (pronounced _artsht_), _parched_, _scorched_,
+_marched_, _hinged_ (_hindzhd_), _singed_, _cringed_, _fringed_, _purged_
+(_purdzhd_), _charged_ (_tshardzhd_), _scratched_, &c. &c. From the
+difficulty encountered in pronouncing some of these combinations, arise the
+vulgar errors heard in some parts of the country: _burstis_ for _bursts_,
+_castis_ for _casts_. Three consonants are very rarely thus crushed
+together in Welsh,--four, never.
+
+6. The Welsh, to avoid an unpleasant hiatus, often introduce a consonant.
+Hence we have _y_ or _yr_, the; _a_ or _ac_, and; _a_ or _ag_, as; _na_ or
+_nac_, not; _na_ or _nag_, than; _sy_ or _sydd_, is; _o_, from, becomes
+_odd_; _i_, to, becomes _idd_. I cannot call to mind more than one similar
+example in English, _a_ or _an_; and its existence is attributable to the
+superfluity of consonants, _n_ being _dropped_ in _a_, not _added_ in _an_.
+
+The mystery of the consonants in the swearing Welshman's mouth (humorously
+described by Messrs. Chambers) is difficult of explanation. The words usual
+in Welsh oaths afford no clue to its solution; for the name of the Deity
+has two consonants and one vowel in English, while it has two vowels and
+one consonant in Welsh. Another name invoked on these occasions has three
+consonants and two vowels in English, and one of the vowels is usually
+elided; in Welsh it has three vowels and three consonants, and colloquially
+the middle consonant is dropped. The Welsh borrow a few imprecatory words
+from the English, and in appropriating them they _append the vowel
+termination_ o _or_ io. Prejudice or imagination, therefore, seems to have
+had something to do in describing poor Taffy's profanities.
+
+In conclusion, I may add that the Hundredth Psalm was chosen for analysis
+without a previous knowledge that it would present a greater excess of
+consonants (letters or sounds) in English than in Welsh. I do not believe
+two chapters from the Bible can be produced, which will show an opposite
+result.
+
+GWILYM GLAN TYWI.
+
+There is no _k_ in the Welsh alphabet, a circumstance which reduces the
+consonants to twenty; while a farther reduction is made by the fact that
+_w_ and _y_ are _always_ vowels in Welsh, instead of being only
+occasionally so, as in English. J. M. will therefore find that the Welsh
+alphabet contains but eighteen consonants and seven vowels, twenty-five
+letters in all.
+
+This, however, I imagine, is not the point on which he wishes for
+information. If a stranger glances at a page of Welsh without being aware
+that _y_ and _w_ are, strictly speaking, vowels, he will of course
+naturally conclude that he sees an over proportion of consonants. Hence,
+probably, has arisen the very general idea on the subject, which is perhaps
+strengthened by the frequent occurrence of the double consonants _Ll_ and
+_Dd_, the first of which is but a sign, standing for a peculiar softening
+of the letter; and the latter for _Th_ of the English language.
+
+Such an idea might perhaps be conveyed by the following instances, taken at
+random: _Dywyll_, _Dydd_, _Gwyddna_, _Llwyn_, _Gwyrliw_, &c. But it will be
+dispelled by an orthography adapted to the pronunciation; thus
+_Dou-ill_[3], _Deeth_, _Goo-eeth-na_, _Lloo-een_, _Gueer-leeoo_.
+
+J. M. will be interested to know that the Welsh language can furnish almost
+unexampled instances of an accumulation of vowels, such as that furnished
+by the word _ieuainc_, young men, &c.; but above all by the often-quoted
+_englyn_ or stanza on the spider or silkworm, which, in its four lines,
+_does not contain a single consonant_:
+
+ "O'i wi[^w] wy i weu e a,--a'i weau
+ O'i wyau e weua:
+ E weua ei [^w]e aia,
+ A'i weau yw ieuau ia."
+
+SELEUCUS.
+
+In reply to J. M. I beg to ask who ever before heard that consonants
+"cracked and cracked, and ground and exploded?" and how could the writer in
+Chambers's _Repository_ possibly know that the drunken Welshman cursed and
+swore in _consonants_? There is scarcely a more harshly-sounding word in
+the Welsh language--admitted by a clever and satirical author to have "the
+softness and harmony of the Italian, with the majesty and expression of the
+Greek"--than the term _crack_, adopted from the Dutch. There is no Welsh
+monosyllable that contains, like the Saxon _strength_, seven consonants
+with only one vowel. There is no Welsh proper name, like Rentzsch, the
+watchmaker of Regent Street, that contains six consonants in succession in
+one syllable; and yet the Welsh have never accused their _younger_ sister
+with the use of consonants which "cracked and cracked, and ground and
+exploded." But if the Welsh language, with "its variety, copiousness, and
+even harmony, to be equalled by few, perhaps excelled by none," has no
+instance of six consonants in succession, it has one of six vowels in
+succession, _Gwaewawr_, every one of which requires, according to the
+peculiarity of its pronunciation, a separate inflection of the voice.
+
+J. M. may be assured that the remark of the writer in question is only one
+of those pitiful "cracks" which flippant authors utter in plain ignorance
+of Cymru, Cymraeg, and Cymry.
+
+CYMRO.
+
+Marlbro.
+
+I think the following _englyn_ or epigram on a silkworm, which is composed
+entirely of vowels, will satisfy your correspondent. I have seen it in some
+book, the name of which I forget. It {473} must be borne in mind that _w_
+is a vowel in Welsh, and is sounded like _oo_ in _boot_.
+
+ "O'i wiw [^w]y i weu e a a'i weau
+ O'i wyau e weua;
+ E' weua ei [^w]e aia'.
+ A'i weau yw ieuau ia."
+
+ "I perish by my art; dig my own grave;
+ I spin my thread of life; my death I weave."
+
+THOMAS O'COFFEY.
+
+[Footnote 3: The _Dou_ to be pronounced as in _Douglass_.]
+
+ * * * * *
+
+SONGS of DEGREES (ASCENTS).
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 121. 376.)
+
+The analysis of the word [Hebrew: HAMA`ALWOT] (_the steps_), confining
+ourselves to sensible objects, shows, first, the preposition [Hebrew: `AL],
+_over_ (=_up_ + _on_); and, secondly, [Hebrew: MA`ALAH], the
+_chamber-over_. (Neh. ix. 4., xii. 37.; Jos. x. 10.; 1 Sam. ix. 11.; Am.
+ix. 6.; Ps. civ. 13.) The translators of the authorised version, in using
+the word "degrees," intended probably to convey the notion of _rank_; but
+the modern mixed-mathematical ideas lead us of this day rather to think of
+geographical, barometrical, &c. degrees. That _steps_ is the word most
+accordant with the ancient notions is evident from the concurrence of the
+Greek, Latin, Syriac, Arabic, and Ethiopic versions, as also from the
+Chaldee Targum, alluded to by J. R. G., which has the inscription [Chaldee:
+SHYR' D'T'MR `AL MASWQIYN DTCHWOMA'], "a song called 'over the _steps_ of
+the deep'" (Deut. viii. 7.; Ex. xv. 8.). The root of this moral is [Hebrew:
+`LCH], in the Hebrew and its cognates, and the primitive notion is _to
+ascend_; from which is formed in Arabic [(ARABIC)], _adscendit in tectum_;
+in Syriac [(SYRIAC)], _contignatio superior, coenaculum_ (Jud. iii. 23-25.;
+Luc. xxii. 12.); and the Chaldee [Chaldee: `ALIYT], _pars domus superior,
+cubiculum, sive coenaculum superius_, Graec. [Greek: huperoon] (Dan. vi.
+11.). See Shaw's _Itinerary_, pp. 360-365.
+
+The [Hebrew: M] prefixed is the _participial_ form of the verb, equivalent
+to the termination _ing_ in English; and converts the verb also into a
+verbal noun, conveying the generalised idea of a class of _actions_; and
+thereby the steps, [Hebrew: HM`LWT], _the steppings upward_, literally,
+which means "the ascents," or "the ascendings."
+
+The ascent by fifteen steps of the rabbins is probably equally apocryphal
+with the quotations from St. Matthew and St. James (ix. p. 376.); for the
+same reason (Ex. xx. 26.) which forbad the ascending the altar by steps,
+would apply still more strongly to the supposed "fifteen steps leading from
+the Atrium Israelis to the court of the _women_."[4] Although the
+ground-plans of the temples are well known, their elevations are involved
+in doubt.
+
+Your journal would not afford me sufficient space for an _excursus_ to
+establish the suggestion, _not_ assertion, that I have adventured as to the
+_domestic_ use of the Alphabetic and Degree Psalms, but there is negative
+evidence that these Psalms were _not_ used in the Jewish liturgy. I will
+only refer you to Lightfoot's ninth volume (Pitman's edition), where the
+Psalms used, and indeed the whole service of the Jews, is as clearly set
+forth as the Greek service is in the liturgies of Basil and Chrysostom.
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+Lichfield.
+
+[Footnote 4: "Eadem ratio, ab honestate ducta, eandem pepererat apud
+Romanos legem. Gellius ex Fabio Pictore, _Noct. Attic._, lib. x. c. 15., de
+flamine Diali: Scalas, nisi quae Graecae adpellantur, eas adscendere ei
+plus tribus gradibus religiosum est. Servius ad _Aeneid_, iv. 646. Apud
+veteres, Flaminicam plus tribus gradibus, nisi Graecas scalas, scandere non
+licebat, ne ulla pars pedum ejus, crurumve subter conspiceretur; eoque nec
+pluribus gradibus, sed tribus ut adscensu duplices nisus non paterentur
+adtolli vestem, aut nudari crura; nam ideo et scalae Graecae dicuntur, quia
+ita fabricantur ut omni ex parte compagine tabularum clausae sint, ne
+adspectum ad corporis aliquam partem admittant."--Rosenmueller on Exod. x.
+26. The ascent to the altar, fifteen feet high, was by a gangway, [Hebrew:
+KBSH].]
+
+ * * * * *
+
+THE SCREW PROPELLER.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 394.)
+
+ANON. is clearly mistaken in thinking that, when Darwin says that "the
+_undulating_ motion of the tail of fishes might be applied behind a boat
+with greater effect than common oars," he had any idea of a screw
+propeller. He meant not a _rotatory_, but, as he says, an "undulating"
+motion, like that of the fish's tail: such as we see every day employed by
+the boys in all our rivers and harbours, called _sculling_--that is,
+driving a boat forward by the rapid lateral right and left impulsion of a
+single oar, worked from the stern of the boat. It was the application of
+steam to some such machinery as this that Darwin seems to have meant; and
+not to the special action of a _revolving cut-water screw_.
+
+I avail myself of this occasion to record, that about the date of Darwin's
+publication, or very soon after, the very ingenious Earl Stanhope not only
+thought of, but actually employed, the identical screw propeller now in use
+in a vessel which he had fitted up for the purpose; and in which, by his
+invitation, I, and several other gentlemen, accompanied him in various
+trips backwards and forwards between Blackfriars and Westminster bridges.
+The instrument was a long iron axle, {474} working on the stern port of the
+vessel, having at the end in the water a wheel of inclined planes, exactly
+like the flyer of a smoke-jack; while, inboard, the axle was turned by a
+crank worked by the men. The velocity attained was, I think, said to be
+four miles an hour. I am sorry that I am not able to specify the exact date
+of this experiment, but it must have been between 1802 and 1805. What Lord
+Stanhope said about employing steam to work his machine, I do not clearly
+recollect. He entered into a great many details about it, but I remember
+nothing distinctly but the machine itself.
+
+C.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+AMONTILLADO SHERRY.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 222. 336.)
+
+The wines of Xeres consist of two kinds, viz. sweet and dry, each of which
+is again subdivided into two other varieties. Amontillado sherry, or simply
+Amontillado, belongs to the latter class, the other description produced
+from the dry wine being sherry, properly so called, that which passes in
+this country generally by that name. These two wines, although differing
+from each other in the peculiarities of colour, smell, and flavour, are
+produced from the same grape, and in precisely a similar manner; indeed, it
+frequently happens that of two or more _botas_, or large casks, filled with
+the same _mout_ (wort or sweet wine), and subjected to the same
+manipulation, the one becomes Amontillado, and the other natural sherry.
+This mysterious transformation takes place ordinarily during the first, but
+sometimes even during the second year, and in a manner that has hitherto
+baffled the attempts of the most attentive observer to discover. Natural
+sherry has a peculiar aromatic flavour, somewhat richer than that of its
+brother, the Amontillado, and partakes of three different colours, viz.
+pale or straw, golden, and deep golden, the latter being the description
+denominated by us brown sherry. The Amontillado is of a straw colour only,
+more or less shaded according to the age it possesses. Its flavour is drier
+and more delicate than that of natural sherry, recalling in a slight degree
+the taste of nuts and almonds. This wine, beings produced by a phenomenon
+which takes place it is imagined during the fermentation, is naturally less
+abundant than the other description of sherry, and there are years in which
+it is produced in very small quantities, and sometimes even not at all; for
+the same reason it is age for age dearer also. The word "Amontillado"
+signifies like or similar to Montilla, _i. e._ the wine manufactured at
+that place. Montilla is situated in Upper Andalusia, in the neighbourhood
+of Cordouc, and produces an excellent description of wine, but which, from
+the want of roads and communication with the principal commercial towns of
+Spain, is almost entirely unknown.
+
+The two sweet wines of Xeres are the "Paxarite," or "Pedro Ximenes," and
+the "Muscatel." The first-named is made from a species of grape called
+"Pedro Ximenes," sweeter in quality than that which produces the dry
+sherry, and which, moreover, is exposed much longer to the action of the
+sun previous to the process of manufacture; its condition when subjected to
+the action of the pressers resembling very nearly that of a raisin.
+Fermentation is in this case much more rapid on account of the saccharine
+nature of the _mout_ or wort. In flavour it is similar to the fruit called
+"Pedro Ximenes," the colour being the same as that of natural sherry.
+Muscate wine is made from the grape of that name, and in a manner precisely
+similar to the Paxarite. The wine produced from this grape is still sweeter
+than the Pedro Ximenes, its taste being absolutely that of the Muscat
+grape. In colour also it is deeper; but the colour of both, like that of
+the two dry wines, increases in proportion to their age, a circumstance
+exactly the reverse of that which takes place in French wines. German
+sherry wines are capable of preservation both in bottles and casks for an
+indefinite period. In one of the _bodegas_ or cellars belonging to the firm
+of M. P. Domecq, at Xeres, are to be seen five or six casks of immense size
+and antiquity (some of them, it is said, exceeding a century). Each of them
+bears the name of some distinguished hero of the age in which it was
+produced, Wellington and Napoleon figuring conspicuously amongst others:
+the former is preserved exclusively for the taste of Englishmen.
+
+The history of sherry dates, in a commercial point of view, from about the
+year 1720 only. Before this period it is uncertain whether it possessed any
+existence at all; at all events it appears to have been unknown beyond the
+immediate neighbourhood in which it was produced. It would be difficult,
+perhaps, to say by whom it was first imported: all that can be affirmed
+with any degree of certainty is, that a Frenchman, by name Pierre Domecq,
+the founder of the house before mentioned, was among the earliest to
+recognise its capabilities, and to bring it to the high state of perfection
+which it has since attained. In appreciation of the good service thus
+rendered to his country, Ferdinand VII. conferred upon this house the right
+exclusively to bear upon their casks the royal arms of Spain. This wine,
+from being at first cultivated only in small quantities, has long since
+grown into one of the staple productions of the country. In the
+neighbourhood of Xeres there are at present under cultivation from 10,000
+to 12,000 _arpents_ of vines; these produce annually from 30,000 to 35,000
+_botas_, equal to 70,000 or 75,000 hogsheads. In gathering the {475} fruit,
+the ripest is invariably selected for wines of the best quality. The wines
+of Xeres, like all those of the peninsula, require the necessary body or
+strength to enable them to sustain the fatigue of exportation. Previous,
+therefore, to shipment (none being sold under four to five years of age), a
+little _eau de vie_ (between the fiftieth and sixtieth part) is added, a
+quantity in itself so small, that few would imagine it to be the cause of
+the slight alcoholic taste which nearly all sherries possess.
+
+In consequence of the high price of the delicious wines, numerous
+imitations, or inferior sherries, are manufactured, and sold in immense
+quantities. Of these the best are to be met with at the following places:
+San Lucar, Porto, Santa Maria, and even Malaga itself. The spurious sherry
+of the first-named place is consumed in larger quantities, especially in
+France, than the genuine wine itself. One reason for this may be, that few
+vessels go to take cargoes at Cadiz; whilst many are in the habit of doing
+so to Malaga for dry fruits, and to Seville for the fine wool of
+Estremadura. San Lucar is situated at the mouth of the Guadalquiver.
+
+W. C.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+RECENT CURIOSITIES OF LITERATURE.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 136.)
+
+Mr. Thackeray's work, _The Newcomes_, would, if consulted by your
+correspondent, furnish him with farther examples. For instance, Colonel
+Newcome's Christian name is stated (pp. 27. 57.) to be Thomas: at p. 49. he
+is designated Col. J. Newcome. The letter addressed to him (p. 27.) is
+superscribed "Major Newcome," although at p. 25. he is styled "Colonel." At
+p. 71. mention is made of "Mr. Shaloo, the great Irish patriot," who at
+p. 74. becomes "Mr. Shaloony," and at p. 180. relapses into the dissyllabic
+"Shaloo." Clive Newcome is represented (p. 184.) as admiring his youthful
+mustachios, and Mr. Doyle has depicted him without whiskers: at p. 188.
+Ethel, "after Mr. Clive's famous mustachios made their appearance, rallied
+him," and "asked him if he was (were?) going into the army? She could not
+understand how any but military men could wear mustachios." On this the
+author remarks, three lines farther on: "If Clive had been in love with
+her, no doubt he would have sacrificed even those beloved _whiskers_ for
+the charmer."
+
+At p. 111. the Rev. C. Honeyman is designated "A.M.," although previously
+described a Master of Arts of Oxford, where the Masters are styled "M.A."
+in contradistinction to the Masters of Arts in every other university.
+Cambridge Masters frequently affix M.A. to their names, but I never heard
+of an instance of an Oxonian signing the initials of his degree as A.M.
+
+Apropos of Oxford, I recently met the following sentence at p. 3. of
+_Verdant Green_:
+
+ "Although pronounced by Mrs. Toosypegs, his nurse, to be 'a perfect
+ progidye,' yet we are not aware that his _debut_ on the stage of life,
+ although thus applauded by such a _clacqueur_ as the indiscriminating
+ Toosypegs, was announced to the world at large by any other means than
+ the notices in the county papers."
+
+If the author ever watched the hired applauders in a Parisian theatre, he
+would have discerned among them _clacqueuses_ as well as _clacqueurs_.
+
+JUVERNA, M.A.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+ROLAND THE BRAVE.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 372.)
+
+In justification of Dr. Forbes' identifying Roland the Brave with the hero
+of Schiller's ballad, Ritter Toggenburg, I beg to refer your correspondent
+X. Y. Z. to _Deutsches Sagenbuch, von L. Bechstein_, Leipzig, 1853, where
+(p. 95.) the same tale is related which forms the subject of Mrs. Hemans'
+beautiful ballad, only with this difference, that there the account of
+Roland's death entirely agrees with Schiller's version of the story,
+whereas the English poet has adopted the general tradition of Roland's fall
+at Roncesvalles.
+
+Most of the epic poems of the middle ages in which Roland's death is
+recorded, especially the different old French _Chansons de Roland ou de
+Roncevaux_, an Icelandic poem on the subject, and Stricker's middle-high
+German lay of Roland, all of them written between A.D. 1100 and 1230--agree
+in this, that after Roland's fall at Roncesvalles, and the complete rout of
+the heathen by Charlemagne, the latter returns home and is met--some say at
+Aix-la-Chapelle, others at Blavie, others at Paris--by Alda or Alite,
+Olivier's sister, who inquires of him where Roland, her betrothed, is. On
+learning his fate she dies on the spot of grief. According to monk Conrad
+(about A.D. 1175), Alda was Roland's wife. See _Ruolandes Liet, von W.
+Grimm_, Goettingen, 1838, pp. 295--297.
+
+The legend of Rolandseck, as told by Bechstein from Rhenish folk lore,
+begins thus:
+
+ "Es sasz auf hoher Burg am Rhein hoch ueber dem Stromthal ein junger
+ Rittersmann, Roland geheiszen, (manche sagen Roland von Angers, Neffe
+ Karls des Groszen), der liebte ein Burgfraeulein, Hildegunde, die
+ Tochter des Burggrafen Heribert, der auf dem nahen Schlosz Drachenfels
+ sasz," &c.
+
+Here the question is left open whether the hero of the story was Roland the
+Brave, or some other knight of that name. The latter seems the more
+probable, as Roland's fall at Roncesvalles is one of the chief subjects of
+mediaeval poetry, whereas the death of knight Roland in sight of {476}
+Nonnenwerth on the Rhine, forms the very pith of the German local legend.
+From certain coincidences, however, it was easy to blend the two stories
+together into one, as was done by Mrs. Hemans. As to Schiller, we may
+suppose that he either followed altogether a different legend, or, perhaps
+to avoid misconception, substituted another name for that of knight Roland,
+similar to what he has done in other instances.
+
+R. R.
+
+Canterbury.
+
+I think your correspondent X. Y. Z. is mistaken in attributing to Mrs.
+Hemans the lines on the "Brave Roland." In Mr. Campbell's _Poems_ he will
+find some stanzas which bear a striking resemblance to those he has quoted.
+I subjoin those stanzas to which X. Y. Z. has referred:
+
+ "The brave Roland! the brave Roland!
+ False tidings reach'd the Rhenish strand
+ That he had fall'n in fight;
+ And thy faithful bosom swoon'd with pain,
+ O loveliest maiden of Allemayne!
+ For the loss of thine own true knight.
+
+ "But why so rash has she ta'en the veil,
+ In yon Nonnenwerder's cloisters pale,
+ For her vow had scarce been sworn,
+ And the fatal mantle o'er her flung,
+ When the Drachenfels to a trumpet rung,
+ 'Twas her own dear warrior's horn!
+
+ . . . . . .
+
+ "She died! he sought the battle plain;
+ Her image fill'd his dying brain,
+ When he fell and wish'd to fall:
+ And her name was in his latest sigh,
+ When Roland, the flower of chivalry,
+ Expired at Roncevall."
+
+X. Y. Z. seems also to have forgotten what Mr. Campbell duly records, viz.
+that Roland used to station himself at a window overlooking "the nun's
+green isle;" it being after her decease that he met his death at Roncevall,
+which event, by the way, is alluded to by Sir W. Scott in _Marmion_, canto
+vi.:
+
+ "Oh, for a blast of that dread horn,
+ On Fontarabian echoes borne,
+ That to King Charles did come;
+ When Roland brave, and Olivier,
+ And every paladin and peer,
+ At Roncesvalles died!"
+
+H. B. F.
+
+The legends of Roland, the nephew of Charlemagne, are very numerous and
+vary much from each other. The Orlando of Pulci has a very different
+history from the Orlando of Bojardo and Ariosto.
+
+The legend of "Rolandseck and the Nonnenwerth," which has been adopted by
+Campbell, not Mrs. Hemans, and charmingly set to music by Mrs. Arkwright,
+is well known on the Rhine. There are two poems on the legend in Simrock's
+_Rheinsagen_ (12mo., Bonn, 1841), one by the editor, and another by August
+Kopisch. They exactly accord with Campbell's poem.
+
+The legend of Ritter Toggenburg resembles that of Roland in many
+particulars, but it is not the same, and it belongs to another locality, to
+Kloster Fischingen, and not to Nonnenwerth. "Roland the Brave" appears in
+all the later editions of Campbell's _Poems_. Simrock's _Rheinsagen_ is one
+of the most delightful handbooks that any one can take through the romantic
+region which the poems (partly well selected by the editor, and partly as
+well written by himself) describe.
+
+E. C. H.
+
+The author of the beautiful lines which are quoted by your correspondent
+X. Y. Z., is Campbell, not Mrs. Hemans. The poet, in the fifth stanza of
+his ballad, tells how the unfortunate Roland, on finding that Hildegund had
+taken the veil, was accustomed to sit at his window, and "sad and oft" to
+look "on the mansion of his love below."
+
+ "There's yet one window of that pile,
+ Which he built above the nun's green isle;
+ Thence sad and oft look'd he
+ (When the chant and organ sounded slow)
+ On the mansion of his love below,
+ For herself he might not see.
+
+ "She died! He sought the battle plain,
+ Her image fill'd his dying brain,
+ When he fell and wish'd to fall;
+ And her name was in his latest sigh,
+ When Roland, the flower of chivalry,
+ Expired at Roncevall."
+
+F. M. MIDDLETON.
+
+Scott has, in _Marmion_,--
+
+ "When Roland brave, and Olivier,
+ And every paladin and peer,
+ At Roncesvalles died!"
+
+I quote from memory, and have not the poem.
+
+F. C. B.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Recovery of Silver._--As many correspondents of "N. & Q." have asked how
+to recover the silver from their nitrate baths when deteriorated or
+spoiled, perhaps the following hints may be acceptable to them. Let them
+first precipitate the silver in the form of a chloride by adding common
+salt to the nitrate solution. Let them then filter it, and it may be
+reduced to its metallic state by either of the three following methods.
+
+1. By adding to the wet chloride at least double its volume of water,
+containing one-tenth part of sulphuric acid; plunge into this a thick piece
+of zinc, and leave it here for four-and-twenty hours. The chloride of
+silver will be reduced by the formation of {477} chloride and sulphate of
+zinc, and of pure silver, which will remain under the form of a blackish
+powder, which is then to be washed, filtered, and preserved for the purpose
+of making nitrate of silver.
+
+2. The chloride of silver which is to be reduced is put into a flask with
+about twice its volume of a solution of caustic potash (of one part of
+caustic potash to nine of water), in which a small portion of sugar has
+been dissolved. Let it boil gently. The operation is complete when the
+blackish powder which results from this process, having been washed in
+several waters, is entirely soluble in nitric acid, which is easily
+ascertained by experimenting on a small quantity. This powder is to be
+preserved in the same way as the former for the purpose of converting it
+into nitrate of silver.
+
+3. The metallic silver is obtained in the form of a button, by mixing
+thoroughly 100 parts of dried chloride of silver, 70 parts of chalk or
+whitening, and 4 parts of charcoal. This mixture is to be exposed in a
+crucible to a fierce red heat for at least half an hour. When completely
+cold the crucible is broken, and a button of pure silver is the result. The
+first two processes are those which I should most strongly recommend to
+your correspondents.
+
+N. C.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Ashes of "Lignites"_ (Vol. ix., p. 422.).--RUSTICUS is obliged to the
+Editor for so soon giving a reply to his Query; but seems convicted of
+being a bad penman, like many other rustics. For the strange word,
+respecting which he asked for information, having seen it used in a
+newspaper, was not _lignites_ but _liquites_. RUSTICUS could have guessed
+that the ashes of _lignites_ were but wood-ashes under a pedantic name; but
+a term which looks, to a rustic, as if chemists meant to persuade him to
+burn his beer for a valuable residuum, is more perplexing.
+
+RUSTICUS.
+
+_Old Rowley_ (Vol. ix., p. 457., &c.).--The late Sir Charles Bunbury, who
+was long the father of the Jury, and considered as an oracle in all matters
+relating to it, told me, many years ago, that Charles II. was nicknamed
+"Old Rowley" after a favourite stallion in the royal stud so called; and he
+added, that the same horse's appellation had been ever since preserved in
+the "Rowley Mile," a portion of the race-course still much used, and
+well-known to all frequenters of Newmarket.
+
+BRAYBROOKE.
+
+"_Bachelors of every Station_" (Vol. ix., p. 301.) is the beginning of the
+_Berkshire Lady_, an old ballad nearly extinct, and republished by me some
+years ago in the form of a small pamphlet, which sold rapidly. If I can
+procure one, it shall be forwarded to Mr. Bell.
+
+The story is a true one, and related to a daughter of Sir William
+Kendrick's, who succeeded him, and was possessor of Calcot Place in the
+parish of Tylehurst, and to Benjamin Child, Esq., whom she met at a
+marriage feast in the neighbourhood. A wood near Calcot is where the party
+met to fight the duel in case Mr. Child rejected the proposals of marriage
+made to him by Miss Kendrick.
+
+I had the account from an old man between eighty and ninety years of age,
+clerk of the parish; and my friend Miss Mitford agreed with me in the
+accuracy of the story: she had it from the late Countess Dowager of
+Macclesfield, an old lady celebrated for her extensive and accurate
+knowledge of legendary lore.
+
+In opening a vault in St. Mary's, Reading, last year, her coffin was found
+entire, with this inscription:
+
+ "Frances Child, wife of Benjamin Child. Esq., of Calcot, and first
+ daughter of Sir Benjamin Kendrick, Bart. Died Feb. 27, 1722, aged 35.
+ The Lady of Berks."
+
+Another coffin,--
+
+ "Benjamin Child, Esq., died 2nd May, 1767, aged 84 years."
+
+JULIA R. BOCKETT.
+
+Southcote Lodge.
+
+_Mousehunt_ (Vol. viii., pp. 516. 606.; Vol. ix., pp. 65. 136. 385.).--In
+Vol. ix., p. 65., the _Natural History of Quadrupeds_, by James H. Fennell,
+is quoted; where, speaking of the Beech Marten (_alias_ Mousehunt), he
+says:
+
+ "In Selkirkshire it has been observed to descend to _the shore_ at
+ night time to feed upon mollusks, particularly upon the large Basket
+ Mussel (_Mytilus modiolus_)."
+
+In p. 136, I ventured to state that Mr. Fennell must have been a better
+naturalist than geographer, as Selkirkshire was well known to be an inland
+county nowhere approaching the sea by many miles. I added, that I hoped,
+for Mr. Fennell's sake, that _Selkirkshire_ was either a misprint or a
+misquotation.
+
+In p. 385. MR. ARCHIBALD FRASER, Woodford, not choosing to exonerate Mr.
+Fennell by either of my suggestions, prefers, as a staunch, but I think
+rather an inconsiderate friend and champion, to _vindicate_ the paragraph
+as it stands, by candidly admitting that if the word _beach_ had been used,
+it would certainly have referred to the sea; but that the word _shore_
+applies to rivers as well as seas. And he goes back as far as Spenser to
+find an instance of its use, as applied to the banks of the river Nile.
+
+I will not agree that this use is nearly obsolete, but give him the full
+value of his quotation from Spenser. But what does he say to the _habitat_
+of the _Mytilus modiolus_, which the Mousehunt goes {478} to the _shore_ to
+feed upon. I quote from _Rees' Cyclopaedia_, voce "MYTILUS:"
+
+ "MODIOLUS. Shell smooth and blackish, obtuse at the smaller end, and
+ rounded at the other; one side near the beaks is angular. Two varieties
+ are noticed by Lister. It _inhabits_ the European, American, and Indian
+ _seas_, adhering to fuci and zoophytes; is six or seven inches long,
+ and about half as broad: the fish is red or orange, and eatable."
+
+J. S.S.
+
+_Value of Money in the Seventeenth Century_ (Vol. ix. p. 375.).--Say, in
+his _Political Economy_ (Prinsep's translation, i. 413.), has furnished a
+comparative statement, the result of which is, that the _setier_ of wheat,
+whose relative value to other commodities has varied little from 1520 down
+to the present time, has undergone great fluctuations, being worth--
+
+ A. D. 1520 512 gr. of pure silver.
+ A. D. 1536 1063 ditto.
+ A. D. 1602 2060 ditto.
+ A. D. 1789 2012 ditto.
+
+Whence it may be inferred that 1000l. in 1640, 1660, and 1680 did not vary
+much from its value at the present time, _such value being measured in
+silver_. But as the value of all commodities resolves itself ultimately
+into the cost of labour, the rate of wages at these dates, in the
+particular country or part of a country, must be taken as the only safe
+criterion.
+
+Thus, if labour were 20d. per diem in 1640, and is 40d. at this time,
+1000_l_. in 1640 is equivalent to 500l. (only half as much) now. But, on
+the contrary, as the cost of production of numerous articles by machinery,
+&c. has been _by so much_ reduced, the power of purchase now, as compared
+with 1640, of 1000l., is _by so much_ increased. The article itself must
+determine by how much. The question put by C. H. is too general to admit of
+a positive solution; but should he specify the commodity and place of
+investment in the seventeenth century and to-day of the 1000l., our
+statistics might still be at fault, and deny us even a proximate
+determination of his inquiry. Even his 1000l., which he may consider a
+fixed measure of value, or _punctum comparationis_, is varying in value
+(=power of purchase) daily, even hourly, as regards almost every
+exchangeable product. Tooke _On Prices_ is a first-rate authority on this
+subject.
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+Lichfield.
+
+_Grammars for Public Schools_ (Vol. ix., pp. 8. 209.).--Pray add this
+little gem to your list, now scarce:
+
+ "The Gate of Tongues Unlocked and Opened, or else A Seminarie or Seed
+ Plot of all Tongues and Sciences, that is, a short way of teaching and
+ thorowly learning, within a yeare and a half at the farthest, the
+ Latin, English, French, and any other tongue, together with the ground
+ and foundation of Arts and Sciences, comprised under an hundred Titles
+ and 1058 Periods. In Latine first, and now as a token of thankfulnesse
+ brought to light in Latine, English, and French, in the behalfe of the
+ most illustrious Prince Charles, and of British, French, and Irish
+ Youths. By the labour and industry of John Anchoran, Licentiate of
+ Divinity, London, 1633."
+
+Our British youths of those days seem to have been _apt scholars_.
+
+I. T. ABBOTT.
+
+Darlington.
+
+_Classic Authors and the Jews_ (Vol. ix., pp. 221. 384.).--Any edition of
+the _Historiae Augustae Scriptores Sex_, containing an index, ought to
+supply B. H. C. with a few additional references. See, for instance, the
+Index to the Bipont Edition, 2 vols. 8vo., [MDCCLXXXVII], under the words
+"Judaei," "Judaicus," "Moses."
+
+C. FORBES.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Hand-bells at Funerals_ (Vol. ii., p. 478.; Vol. vii., p. 297.).--A few
+years ago I happened to arrive at the small sea-port of Roscoff, near the
+ancient cathedral town of St. Pol de Leon in Britanny, on the day appointed
+for the funeral of one of the members of a family of very old standing in
+that neighbourhood. My attention was attracted by a number of boys running
+about the streets with small hand-bells, with which they kept up a
+perpetual tinkling. On inquiring of a friend of mine, a native of the
+place, what this meant, he informed me that it was an old custom in
+Britanny--but one which in the present day had almost fallen into
+disuse--to send boys round from door to door with bells to announce when a
+death had occurred, and to give notice of the day and the hour at which the
+funeral was to take place, begging at the same time the prayers of the
+faithful for the soul of the deceased. The boys selected for this office
+are taken from the most indigent classes, and, on the day of the funeral,
+receive cloaks of coarse black cloth as an alms: thus attired, they attend
+the funeral procession, tinkling their bells as they go along.
+
+EDGAR MACCULLOCH.
+
+Guernsey.
+
+"_Warple-way_" (Vol. ix., p. 125.).--The communications of your
+correspondents (Vol. ix., p. 232.) can scarcely be called answers to the
+questions put.
+
+I find, in Holloway's _Dictionary of Provincialisms_, 8vo., 1838, that a
+ridge of land is called, in husbandry, a _warp_. It is defined to be a
+quantity of land consisting of ten, twelve, or more ridges; on each side of
+which a furrow is left, to carry off the water.
+
+Again, in Halliwell's _Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, two
+volumes, 1847, it will be {479} found that _warps_ are distinct pieces of
+ploughed land, separated by furrows. I think I here give the derivation and
+meaning, and refer to the authority. If the derivation be not here given,
+then I would refer to the Saxon word _werpen_, meaning "to cast."
+
+Across marshy grounds, to this day, are seen ridges forming foot-paths,
+with a furrow on each side. A ridge of this sort would formerly be,
+perhaps, a _warple-way_. Or perhaps a path across an open common field,
+cast off or divided, as Halliwell mentions, by warps, would be a
+_warple-way_.
+
+VIATOR.
+
+_Wapple-way_, or, as on the borders of Surrey and Sussex it is called,
+_waffel-way_: and the gate itself, _waffel-gate_. If it should appear, as
+in the cases familiar to me, these waffel-ways run along the borders of
+shires and divisions of shires, such as _hundreds_, I would suggest that
+they were military roads,--the derivation _waffe_ (Ger.), weapon.
+
+H. F. B.
+
+_Medal of Chevalier St. George_ (Vol. ix., pp. 105. 311.).--With reference
+to the observations of your correspondents A. S. and H., I would beg to
+observe that, some time ago, I gave to the Museum at Winchester a medal
+struck on the occasion of the marriage of Prince James F. E. Stuart and M.
+Clementina Sobieski: on the obverse is a very striking head and bust of
+Clementina, with this inscription:
+
+ "Clementina, M. Britan., Fr., et Hib. Regina."
+
+On the reverse is Clementina, driving an ancient chariot towards the
+Colosseum, with this inscription: on the top--
+
+ "Fortunam causamque sequor."
+
+at the bottom--
+
+ "Deceptis Custodibus. MDCCXIX."
+
+This latter inscription refers to her escape from Innspruck, where the
+princess and her suite had been detained by the emperor's orders.
+
+This marriage, to prevent which so many efforts were made, prolonged for
+eighty-eight years the unfortunate House of Stuart.
+
+E. S. S. W.
+
+_Shakspeare's Inheritance_ (Vol. ix., pp. 75. 154.).--Probably the
+following extracts from Littleton's _Tenures in English, lately perused and
+amended_ (1656), may tend to a right understanding of the meaning of
+_inheritance_ and _purchase_--if so, you may print them:
+
+ "Tenant in fee simple is he which hath lands or tenement to hold to him
+ and his heires for ever: and it is called in Latine _feodum simplex_;
+ for _feodum_ is called inheritance, and _simplex_ as much to say as
+ lawful or pure, and so _feodum simplex_ is as much to say as lawfull or
+ pure inheritance. For if a man will purchase lands or tenements in fee
+ simple, it behoveth him to have these words in his purchase, To have
+ and to hold unto him and to his heires: for these words (his heires)
+ make the estate of inheritance, _Anno_ 10 _Henrici_ 6. fol. 38.; for if
+ any man purchase lands in these words, To have and to hold to him for
+ ever, or by such words, To have and to hold to him and to his assigns
+ for ever; in these two cases he hath none estate but for terme of life;
+ for that, that he lacketh these words (his heires), which words only
+ make the estate of inheritance in all feoffements and grants."
+
+ "And it is to be understood that this word (_inheritance_) is not only
+ understood where a man hath lands or tenements by descent of heritage,
+ but also every fee simple or fee taile that a man hath by his purchase,
+ may be said inheritance; for that, thus his heires may inherite them.
+ For in a Writ of Right that a man bringeth of land that was of his own
+ purchase, the writ shall say, _Quam clamat esse jus et haereditatem
+ suam_, this is to say, which he claimeth to be his right and his
+ inheritance."
+
+ "Also _purchase_ is called the possession of lands or tenements that a
+ man hath by his deed or by his agreement, unto which possession he
+ commeth, not by descent of any of his ancestors or of his cosins, but
+ by his own deed."
+
+J. BELL.
+
+Cranbroke, Kent.
+
+_Cassock_ (Vol. ix., pp. 101. 337.).--A note in Whalley's edition of _Ben
+Jonson_ has the following remark on this word:
+
+ "_Cassock_, in the sense it is here used, is not to be met with in our
+ common dictionaries: it signifies a soldier's loose outward coat, and
+ is taken in that acceptation by the writers of Jonson's times. Thus
+ Shakspeare, in _All's Well that Ends Well:_
+
+ 'Half of the which dare not shake the snow from their _cassocks_.'"
+
+This is confirmed in the passage of _Jonson_, on which the above is a note.
+
+ "This small service will bring him clean out of love with the soldier.
+ He will never come within the sign of it, the sight of a
+ _cassock_."--_Every Man in his Humour_, Act II. Sc. 5.
+
+The cassock, as well as the gown and band, seem to have been the usual
+attire of the clergy on all occasions in the last century, as we find from
+the paintings of Hogarth and the writings of Fielding, &c. When did this
+custom cease? Can any reader of "N. & Q." supply traditional proof of
+clergymen appearing thus apparelled in ordinary life?
+
+E. H. M. L.
+
+_Tailless Cats_ (Vol. ix., p. 10.).--On the day on which this Query met my
+eye, a friend informed me that she had just received a letter from an
+American clergyman travelling in Europe, in which he mentioned having seen
+a tailless cat in Scotland, called a Manx cat, from having come {480} from
+the Isle of Man. This is _not_ "a Jonathan." Perhaps the Isle of Man is too
+small to swing long-tailed cats in.
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+Mr. T. D. Stephens, of Trull Green, near this town, has for some years had
+and bred the Manx tailless cat; and, I have no doubt, would have pleasure
+in showing them to your correspondent SHIRLEY HIBBERD, should he ever be in
+this neighbourhood.
+
+K. Y.
+
+Taunton.
+
+A friend of mine, who resided in the Park Farm, Kimberley, had a breed of
+tailless cats, arising from the tail of one of the cats in the _first
+instance_ having been cut off; many of the kittens came tailless, some with
+half length; and, occasionally, one of a litter with a tail of the usual
+length, and this breed continued through several generations.
+
+G. J.
+
+_Names of Slaves_ (Vol. viii., p. 339.).--I can answer the first of
+J. F. M.'s Queries in the affirmative; it being common to see in Virginia
+slaves, or free people who have been slaves, with names acquired in the
+manner suggested: _e. g._ "Philip Washington," better known in Jefferson
+county as "Uncle Phil.," formerly a slave of the Washingtons. A large
+family, liberated and sent to Cape Palmas, bore the surname of "Davenport,"
+from the circumstance that their progenitor had been owned by the
+Davenports. In fact, the practice is almost universal. But fancy names are
+generally used as first names: _e. g._ John Randolph, Peyton, Jefferson,
+Fairfax, Carter, &c. A fine old body-servant of Col. Willis was called
+"Burgundy," _shortened_ into "Uncle Gundy." So that "Milton," in the case
+mentioned, may have been merely the homage paid to genius by some
+enthusiastic admirer of that poet.
+
+J. BALCH.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_Heraldic_ (Vol. ix., p. 271.).--On the brass of Robert Arthur, St. Mary's,
+Chartham, Kent, are two shields bearing a fess engrailed between three
+trefoils slipped: which may probably be the same as that about which LOCCAN
+inquires, though I am unable to tell the colours. There are two other
+shields bearing, Two bars with a bordure. The inscription is as follows:
+
+ "Hic iacet d[=n]s Robertus Arthur quondam Rector isti' Eccli[=e] qui
+ obiit xxviii^o die marcii A^o d[=n]i Mill[=o] CCCC^oLIIII^o. Cui'
+ a[=i]e ppiciet' de' Am[=e]."
+
+F. G.
+
+_Solar Annual Eclipse of 1263_ (Vol. viii., p. 441.).--Mr. Tytler, in the
+first volume of his _History of Scotland_, mentions that this eclipse,
+which occurred about 2 P.M. on Sunday, August 5, 1263, has been found by
+calculation to have been actually central and annular to Ronaldsvoe, in the
+Orkneys, where the Norwegian fleet was then lying: a fine example, as he
+justly adds, "of the clear and certain light reflected by the exact
+sciences on history." S. asks, is this eclipse mentioned by any other
+writer? As connected with the Norwegian expedition, it would seem not; but
+Matthew of Westminster (vol. ii. p. 408., Bohn's edit.) mentions it having
+been seen in England, although he places it erroneously on the 6th of the
+month.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Brissot de Warville_ (Vol. ix., p. 335.).--Brissot's _Memoires_ is a very
+common book in the original, and has gone through several editions. The
+passage quoted by N. J. A. was only an impudent excuse for an impudent
+assumption. Brissot, in his early ambition, wished to pass himself off as a
+gentleman, and called himself _Brissot de Warville_, as Danton did D'Anton,
+and Robespierre de Robespierre; but when these worthies were endeavouring
+to send _M. de Warville_ to the scaffold as an aristocrat, he invented this
+fable of his father's having some landed property at _Ouarville en Beauce_
+(not Beance), and that he was called, according to the custom of the
+country, from this place, where, it seems, he was put out to nurse. When
+the dread of the guillotine made _M. de Warville_ anxious to get rid of his
+aristocratic pretensions, he confessed (in those same _Memoires_) that his
+father kept a cook's shop in the town of Chartres, and was so ignorant that
+he could neither read nor write. I need not add, that his having had a
+landed property to justify, in any way, the son's territorial appellation,
+was a gross fiction.
+
+C.
+
+"_Le Compere Mathieu_" (Vol. vi., pp. 11. 111. 181.).--On the fly-leaf of
+my copy (three vols. 12mo., Londres, 1766) of this amusing work, variously
+attributed by your correspondents to Mathurin Laurent and the Abbe du
+Laurens, is written the following note, in the hand of its former
+possessor, Joseph Whateley:
+
+ "Ecrit par Diderot, fils d'un Coutelier: un homme tres licentieux, qui
+ ecrit encore plusieurs autres Ouvrages, comme La Religieuse, Les Bijoux
+ mechant (_sic_), &c. Il jouit un grand role apres dans la Revolution.
+
+"J. W."
+
+By the way, A. N. styles it "a not altogether undull work." May I ask him
+to elucidate this phrase, as I am totally at a loss to comprehend its
+meaning. "Not undull" must surely mean _dull_, if anything. The work,
+however, is the reverse of dull.
+
+WILLIAM BATES.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+_Etymology of "Awkward"_ (Vol. viii., p. 310.--H. C. K. has probably given
+the true derivation of this word, but he might have noticed the {481}
+singularity of one Anglo-Saxon word branching off into two forms,
+signifying different ways of acting wrong; one, _awkward_, implying
+ignorance and clumsiness; the other, _wayward_, perverseness and obstinacy.
+That the latter word is derived from the source from which he deduces
+_awkward_, can, as I conceive, admit of no doubt.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Life and Death_ (Vol. ix., p. 296.).--What is death but a sleep? We shall
+awake refreshed in the morning. Thus Psalm xvii. 15.; Rom. vi. 5. For the
+full meanings, see these passages in the original tongues. Sir Thomas
+Browne, whose _Hydriotaphia_ abounds with quaint and beautiful allusions to
+this subject, says, in one place, "Sleep is so like death, that I dare not
+trust him without my prayers:" and he closes his learned treatise with the
+following sentence:
+
+ "To live indeed is to be again ourselves; which being not only a hope,
+ but an evidence in noble believers, it is all one to lie in St.
+ Innocent's churchyard as in the sands of Egypt; ready to be anything in
+ the ecstasy of being ever, and as content with six feet as the moles of
+ Adrianus."
+
+ "Tabesne cadavera solvat,
+ An rogus, haud refert."--_Lucan._
+
+How fine also is that philosophical sentiment of Lucan:
+
+ "Victurosque Dei celant, ut vivere durent,
+ Felix esse mori."
+
+Can any of your correspondents say in what work the following analogous
+passage occurs, and who is the author of it? The stamp of thought is rather
+of the philosophic pagan than the Christian, though the latinity is more
+monkish than classic:
+
+ "Emori nolo, sed me esse mortuum, nihil curo."
+
+J. L.
+
+Dublin.
+
+These notes remind my parishioners of an epitaph on a child in Morwenstow
+churchyard:
+
+ "Those whom God loves die young!
+ They see no evil days;
+ No falsehood taints their tongue,
+ No wickedness their ways!
+
+ "Baptized, and so made sure
+ To win their blest abode;
+ What could we pray for more?
+ They die, and are with God!"
+
+R. H. MORWENSTOW.
+
+_Shelley's "Prometheus Unbound"_ (Vol. ix., p. 351.).--I offer a conjecture
+on the meaning of the obscure passage adduced by J. S. WARDEN. It seems
+that Shelley intended to speak of that peculiar feeling, or sense, which
+affects us so much in circumstances which he describes. With the slight
+alterations indicated by Italics, his meaning I think will be apparent;
+though in his hurry, or inadvertence, he has left his lines very confused
+and ungrammatical.
+
+ "Who made that sense which, when the winds of spring
+ _Make_ rarest visitation, or the voice
+ Of one beloved _is_ heard in youth alone,
+ Fills the faint eyes with falling tears," &c.
+
+F. C. H.
+
+"_Three Crowns and a Sugar-loaf_" (Vol. ix., p. 350.).--The latter was
+perhaps originally a mitre badly drawn, and worse copied, till it received
+a new name from that it most resembled. The proper sign would be "The Three
+Crowns and a Mitre," equivalent to "The Bishop's Arms:" if Franche was in
+the diocese of Ely, or Bristol, the reference would be clearer. Similar
+changes are known to have happened.
+
+G. R. YORK.
+
+To the inquiry of CID, as to the meaning of the above sign of an inn, I
+answer that there can be little doubt that its original meaning was the
+Pope's tiara.
+
+F. C. H.
+
+_Stanza in "Childe Harold"_ (Vol. viii., p.258.).--I fear that, considering
+Lord Byron's cacography and carelessness, a reference to his MS. would not
+mend the matter much; as, although the stanza undoubtedly contains some
+errors due to the printer or transcriber for the press, the obscurity and
+unconnected language are his lordship's own, and nothing short of a
+complete recast could improve it materially: however, to make the verses
+such as Byron most probably wrote them, an alteration of little more than
+_one letter_ is required. For "wasted," read "washed;" to supply the
+deficient syllable, insert "yet" or "still" after "they," and remove the
+semicolon in the next line from the middle to the end of the verse. Then
+the stanza runs thus:
+
+ "Thy shores are empires, changed in all save thee;
+ Assyria, Greece, Rome, Carthage, where are they?
+ Thy waters wash'd them while they yet were free,
+ And many a tyrant since their shores obey,
+ The stranger, slave, or savage--their decay
+ Has dried up realms to deserts," &c.
+
+The sentiment is clear enough, although not well expressed; and the use of
+the present tense, "obey," for "have obeyed," is not at all warranted by
+the usage of our language. In plain prose, it means--
+
+ "Thy waters washed their shores while they were independent, and do so
+ still, although many a race of tyrants has successively reigned over
+ them since then: their decay has converted many fertile regions to
+ wildernesses, but thou art still unchanged."
+
+Not having your earlier volumes at hand, I cannot be sure that these
+conjectures of mine are original (the correction in the punctuation of the
+fourth line certainly is not), and have only to request the {482}
+forbearance of any of your correspondents whose "thunder" I may have
+unwittingly appropriated.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Errors in Punctuation_ (Vol. viii., p. 217.).--Every one must agree with
+R. H. C. as to the importance of correct punctuation; and it may easily be
+supposed how it must puzzle readers of works whose language is in great
+part obsolete, to meet with mistakes of this kind, when we find modern
+writers frequently rendered almost unintelligible by similar errors. To
+take those whose works have, perhaps, been oftener reprinted than any
+others of this century, Byron and Scott, the foregoing passage in _Childe
+Harold_ is a signal instance; and as another, the Sonnet translated by
+Byron from Vittorelli, has only had corrected in the very latest editions,
+an error in the punctuation of the first two lines which rendered them a
+mystery to those who did not understand the original, as printed on the
+opposite page. In note 12 to the 5th Canto of _Marmion_, every edition,
+British or foreign, down to the present day, punctuates the last two or
+three lines as follows:
+
+ "A torquois ring;--probably this fatal gift is, with James's sword and
+ dagger, preserved in the College of Heralds, London."
+
+Sir Walter is thus made to express a doubt, which he never intended, as to
+the ring being there. A comma after "ring," another after "gift," and the
+omission of the dash, will restore the true meaning of the sentence.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Waugh of Cumberland_ (Vol. ix., p. 272.).--John Waugh (D.C.L., Feb. 8,
+1734)--born and educated at Appleby, Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford;
+Rector of St. Peter's, Cornhill; Prebendary of Lincoln; Dean of
+Gloucester,--was consecrated to the See of Carlisle Oct. 13, 1723: he died
+Oct. 1734, and was buried in the church of St. Peter, Cornhill. He bore for
+arms: Arg., on a chevron engrailed gules, three bezants.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+_"Could we with ink," &c._ (Vol. viii. _passim_).--Perhaps one more
+communication may find admission on the above interesting lines. I received
+from a clerical friend, many years ago, a version of them, which differs
+considerably from that given in "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 127. The
+variations I have marked by Italics:
+
+ "Could _you_ with ink the ocean fill,
+ _Were the whole world_ of parchment made,
+ Were every _single stick_ a quill,
+ And every man a scribe by trade,
+ To write the love of God _alone_,
+ Would drain the ocean dry,
+ Nor could the _earth_ contain the _scroll_,
+ Though stretch'd from sky to sky."
+
+My friend did not profess to know who wrote these lines; but he understood
+that they were an attempt to render in English verse a sublime passage of
+the great St. Augustin. It is highly probable that this eminent Father was
+the original author of the passage. It is extremely like one of his grand
+conceptions; but I have hitherto searched his voluminous works for it in
+vain.
+
+F. C. H.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+THE HUNDRED AND TEN CONSIDERATIONS OF SIGNIOR JOHN VALDESSO, translated by
+Nich. Farrer. Oxford, 1638; or the later edition of 1650.
+
+ Wanted by _Mr. J. G. Nichols_, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+ARCHBISHOP LAWRENCE'S EXAMINATION OF GRIESBACH'S SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION
+OF MSS.
+
+ Wanted by _Longman & Co._, Paternoster Row.
+
+POEMS ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS, by William Broome, LL.D. London, 1727-1739.
+8vo.
+
+ASSIZE SERMON, by the same. on Ps. cxxii. 6. 4to. 1737.
+
+SERMON, by the same, on 1 Tim. ii. 1, 2. 8vo. 1700.
+
+ Wanted by _T. W. Barlow_, St. James' Chambers, Manchester.
+
+OSW. CROLLIUS'S ADMONITORY PREFACE, in English. London, 1657. 8vo.
+
+------ THE MYSTERIES OF NATURE. London. 1657. 8vo.
+
+------ ON SIGNATURES. London, 1669. Folio.
+
+ Wanted by _J. G._, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton Street,
+ Dublin.
+
+WARREN'S COLLECTION OF GLEES. Wanted, to perfect the Set, Nos. 7. 10. 17.
+25. and 27 to 32 inclusive. Any one possessing the above, or a portion of
+them, may hear of a purchaser, upon application at Novello's Sacred Music
+Warehouse, 69. Dean Street, Soho Square.
+
+----
+
+The following Works of Symon Patrick, late Lord Bishop of Ely, &c.:--
+
+SERMON AT THE FUNERAL OF MR. JOHN SMITH, 1652.
+
+DIVINE ARITHMETIC, Sermon at the Funeral of Mr. Samuel Jacomb, June 17,
+1659.
+
+ANGLIAE SPECULUM, Sermon at the Fast, April 24, 1678.
+
+SERMON AT COVENT GARDEN, Advent Sunday, 1678.
+
+SERMON ON ST. PETER'S DAY, with enlargements. 1687.
+
+SERMON ON ST. MARK'S DAY, 1686.
+
+FAST SERMON BEFORE THE KING AND QUEEN, April 16, 1690: Prov. xiv. 34.
+
+EXPOSITION OF THE TEN COMMANDMENTS, 1665.
+
+DISCOURSE CONCERNING PRAYER.
+
+THE PILLAR AND GROUND OF TRUTH, 4to. 1687.
+
+EXAMINATION OF BELLARMINE'S SECOND NOTE OF THE CHURCH, viz., Antiquity.
+4to. 1687.
+
+EXAMINATION OF THE TEXTS WHICH PAPISTS CITE OUT OF THE BIBLE TO PROVE THE
+SUPREMACY OF ST. PETER, &c. 1688.
+
+ANSWER TO A BOOK ENTITLED "THE TOUCHSTONE OF THE REFORMED GOSPEL." 1692.
+
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+
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+
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+
+{483}
+
+THE ADVANCEMENT OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE, or a Description of
+Machines and Models, &c., contained in the Repository of the Society of
+Arts, &c. By William Bailey, Registrar of the Society, 1772.
+
+A REGISTER OF THE PREMIUMS AND BOUNTIES GIVEN BY THE SOCIETY FOR THE
+ENCOURAGEMENT OF ARTS, MANUFACTURES, AND COMMERCE, from the original
+Institution in the year 1754 to 1776 inclusive. Printed for the Society by
+James Phillips. 1778.
+
+ Wanted by _P. Le Neve Foster_, 7. Upper Grove Lane, Camberwell.
+
+SCOTT'S POETICAL WORKS. 8vo. 1830. Vol. I., or the "Minstrelsy," of that
+date.
+
+SOUTHEY'S BRAZIL. 4to. Vols. II. and III.
+
+SALAZAR, HISTORIA DE LA CONQUISTA DE MEXICO. Fol. 1743 or 1786.
+
+PERCY SOCIETY'S PUBLICATIONS, 93 and 94. (1l. will be given for them.)
+
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+
+ARCHAEOLOGIA, Numbers or Volumes, from Vol. XXV. to Vol. XXIX. inclusive.
+
+ Wanted by _James Dearden_, Upton House, Poole, Dorset.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_We have been induced, by the number of articles we have in type writing
+for insertion, to omit our usual_ NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
+
+AGMOND. Cecil _was written by Mrs. Gore_.
+
+F. M. M. Balaam Box _has long been used in Blackwood as the name of the
+depository of rejected articles. The allusion is obvious._
+
+H. M. H. _will find all the information he can desire respecting_ The
+Gentlemen at Arms, _in Pegge's_ Curialia; _Thiselton's Memoir of that
+Corps, published in 1819; or, better still, Curling's_ Account of the
+Ancient Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, 8vo. 1850.
+
+J. C. K. _The coin is a very common penny of Henry III., worth ninepence,
+or a shilling at most._
+
+BALLIOLENSIS. _Porson's jeu d'esprit is reprinted in the_ Facetiae
+Cantabrigienses (1850). p. 16.
+
+ENQUIRER. _A triolet is a stanza of eight lines, in which, after the third
+the first line, and after the sixth the first two lines, are repeated, so
+that the first line is heard three times: hence the name. It is suited for
+playful and light subjects, and is cultivated by the French and Germans.
+The volume of_ Patrick Carey's Trivial Poems and Triolets, _edited by Sir
+Walter Scott, in 1820, from a MS. of 1651, is an early instance of the use
+of the term_.
+
+A. B. M. _The line referred to_--"Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious
+war"--_is from_ Othello, _Act III. Sc. 3_.
+
+JARLTZBERG. _Has not our Correspondent received a note we inclosed to him
+respecting_ The Circle of the Seasons?
+
+OLD MORTALITY'S _offer of a collection of Epitaphs is declined with thanks.
+We have now waiting for insertion almost as many as would fill a cemetery._
+
+ABHBA. _The proverb "Mad as a March hare" has appeared in our_ Fourth
+Volume, p. 208.--_Also, in the same volume_, p. 309. _&c., will be found
+several articles similar to the one forwarded on "Bee Superstitions."_
+
+F. (Oxford.) _The extract forwarded from Southey's_ Common Place Book _is a
+copy of the title-page of the anonymous work required_.
+
+H. C. M. _The date of the earliest Coroner's Inquest, we should think,
+cannot be ascertained. The office of Coroner is of so great antiquity that
+its commencement is not known. It is evident that Coroners existed in the
+time of Alfred, for that king punished with death a judge who sentenced a
+party to suffer death upon the Coroner's record, without allowing the
+delinquent liberty to traverse._ (Bac. on Gov. 66.; 6 Vin. Abr. 242.) _This
+officer is also mentioned by Athelstan in his charter to Beverly_ (Dugd.
+Monast. 171.).
+
+I. R. R. _Henry Machyn was a citizen and merchant-tailor of London from
+A.D. 1550 to 1563. See a notice of him prefixed to his_ Diary, _published
+by the Camden Society_.----_An account of John Stradling, the
+epigrammatist, will be found in Wood's_ Athenae (Bliss), vol. ii.
+p. 396.----_Hockday, or Hokeday, is a high-day, a day of feasting and
+mirth, formerly held in England the second Tuesday after Easter, to
+commemorate the destruction of the Danes in the time of Ethelred._----_For
+notices of George Wither in the_ Gentleman's Mag., _see_ vol. lxxxvi. pt.
+ii. 32. 201.; vol. lxxxvii. pt. i. 42.; vol. lxxxviii. pt. i. 138.----_An
+interesting account of the_ Paschal _Eggs is given in Hone's_ Every-Day
+Book, vol. i. p. 246., vol. ii. pp. 439. 450.; _and in Brand's_ Popular
+Antiquities.----_Marvell's reference is probably to Charles Gerard,
+afterwards created Baron Gerard of Brandon, gentleman of the bed-chamber to
+Charles II., and captain of his guards._
+
+W. S. _The lens is certainly very good; you should practise to obtain an
+accurate focus on the ground glass. An experienced hand will often
+demonstrate how much the actual sharpness of a picture depends upon nice
+adjustment of the focus; for though the picture looks pretty, it is not
+sharp in detail._
+
+PHOTO. _We hope shortly to be enabled to report upon the new paper
+manufacturing by Mr. Saunders for photographic purposes._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
+
+OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S
+Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace,
+Caledonian Road, Islington.
+
+OTTEWILL's Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
+Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the
+Photographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manufactory as above,
+where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
+Trade supplied.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS.--MR. JOHN J. GRIFFIN has now ready an entirely NEW
+CATALOGUE OF PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS AND CHEMICALS at Reduced Prices;
+embracing an account of every article required for the processes on Silver,
+Paper, and Glass, with estimates of the cost of complete sets for Home Use
+and for Travellers. Postage Fourpence.
+
+JOHN J. GRIFFIN, F.C.S., Chemist and Optician, 10. Finsbury Square, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c., used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. & 121. Newgate Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By. J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
+Post, 1s. 2d.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+TO PHOTOGRAPHERS, DAGUERREOTYPISTS, &c.-- Instantaneous Collodion (or
+Collodio-Iodide Silver). Solution for Iodizing Collodion. Pyrogallic,
+Gallic, and Glacial Acetic Acids, and every Pure Chemical required in the
+Practice of Photography, prepared by WILLIAM BOLTON, Operative and
+Photographic Chemist, 146. Holborn Bars. Wholesale Dealer in every kind of
+Photographic Papers, Lenses, Cameras, and Apparatus, and Importer of French
+and German Lenses, &c. Catalogues by Post on receipt of Two Postage Stamps.
+Sets of Apparatus from Three Guineas.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
+by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and
+uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
+faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent
+in the hands of the photographer.
+
+Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
+minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
+
+Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.
+
+Instruction in the Processes.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative
+Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+*** Catalogues sent on application.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
+of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
+to the Eyes from the selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
+employed by
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+{484}
+
+IMPERIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
+
+1. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON.
+
+Instituted 1820.
+
+----
+
+SAMUEL HIBBERT, ESQ., _Chairman_.
+WILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., _Deputy-Chairman_.
+
+----
+
+The SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by this Office will be found of a very
+moderate character, but at the same time quite adequate to the risk
+incurred.
+
+FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent. of the Profits, are assigned to Policies
+_every fifth year_, and may be applied to increase the sum insured, to an
+immediate payment in cash, or to the reduction and ultimate extinction of
+future Premiums.
+
+ONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insurances of 500l. and upwards, for the whole
+term of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy, to be paid off at
+convenience; or the Directors will lend sums of 50l. and upwards, on the
+security of Policies effected with this Company for the whole term of life,
+when they have acquired an adequate value.
+
+SECURITY.--Those who effect Insurances with this Company are protected by
+its Subscribed Capital of 750,000l., of which nearly 140,000l. is invested,
+from the risk incurred by Members of Mutual Societies.
+
+The satisfactory financial condition of the Company, exclusive of the
+Subscribed and Invested Capital, will be seen by the following Statement:
+
+ On the 31st October, 1853, the sums
+ Assured, including Bonus added,
+ amounted to L2,500,000
+
+ The Premium Fund to more than 800,000
+
+ And the Annual Income from the
+ same source, to 109,000
+
+Insurances, without participation in Profits, may be effected at reduced
+rates.
+
+ SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.-D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square (established
+A.D. 1785) sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25 Guineas each.
+Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these pianofortes
+are best described in the following professional testimonial, signed by the
+majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the undersigned members
+of the musical profession, having carefully examined the Royal Pianofortes
+manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great pleasure in bearing
+testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears to us impossible to
+produce instruments of the same size possessing a richer and finer tone,
+more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while the elegance of their
+construction renders them a handsome ornament for the library, boudoir, or
+drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. Bishop, J. Blewitt,
+J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, E. F. Fitzwilliam, W.
+Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. Hasse, J. L. Hatton,
+Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F. Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza,
+Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H. Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A.
+Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F.
+Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E. Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton,
+F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
+
+D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+CHUBB'S FIRE-PROOF SAFES AND LOCKS.--These safes are the most secure from
+force, fraud, and fire. Chubb's locks, with all the recent improvements,
+cash and deed boxes of all sizes. Complete lists, with prices, will be sent
+on application.
+
+CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;
+16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+ _Directors._
+
+ H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq.
+ T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq.
+ G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+ W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq.
+ W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+ F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq.
+ J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+ _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+ Esq.
+ _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+ _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+ Age L s. d. | Age L s. d.
+ 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8
+ 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6
+ 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BANK OF DEPOSIT.
+
+No. 3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin's Place, Trafalgar Square, London.
+
+_Established_ A.D. 1844.
+
+INVESTMENT ACCOUNTS may be opened daily, with capital of any amount.
+
+Interest payable in January and July.
+
+PETER MORRISON.
+Managing Director.
+
+Prospectuses and Forms sent free on application.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT. Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+AS SECRETARY OR AMANUENSIS.
+
+A GENTLEMAN who is quite Conversant with the French, German, and Italian
+Languages, and well acquainted with Botany and Entomology, is desirous of
+obtaining some permanent Employment. The most satisfactory References as to
+competency and respectability of family and connections can be given.
+
+Address, F. G. H., care of MR. NEWMAN, Printer, 9. Devonshire Street,
+Bishopsgate Street.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE.--MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the
+TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their
+PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
+Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments:
+
+ LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
+ LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
+ MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
+ DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
+ GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
+ DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
+ BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
+ SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.
+
+MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
+FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical
+Professions, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the
+most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being
+specially asked for.
+
+When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its
+having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Patronised by the Royal Family.
+
+TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the
+following:
+
+THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED.
+
+BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article
+for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine,
+effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its
+natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it
+imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its
+astonishing efficacy. Bottles 2s. 6d.; double size, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal
+to 4 small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier
+ever invented.
+
+SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
+
+BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
+effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the
+first families. Bottles, 5s.
+
+BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It
+also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space
+allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during
+the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent
+Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.
+
+ Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
+ & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main
+ Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN &
+ FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand;
+ KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY,
+ 63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure
+ them.
+
+ * * * * *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10 Stonefield Street, in the Parish of
+St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5 New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 20.
+1854.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 238, May 20,
+1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 20, 1854 ***
+
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