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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/31325-8.txt b/31325-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..3885cdf --- /dev/null +++ b/31325-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1029 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats, by +Olin L. Webb and J. Knox Jones + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats + +Author: Olin L. Webb + J. Knox Jones + +Release Date: February 19, 2010 [EBook #31325] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ANNOTATED CHECKLIST--NEBRASKAN BATS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + +An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats + +BY + +OLIN L. WEBB and J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +University of Kansas Publications +Museum of Natural History + +Volume 5, No. 21, pp. 269-279 +May 31, 1952 + + +University of Kansas +LAWRENCE +1952 + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, +Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson + +Volume 5, No. 21, pp. 269-279 +May 31, 1952 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED BY +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1952 + +24-2965 + + + + +An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats + +BY + +OLIN L. WEBB and J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +HISTORY + +The first mention of bats in Nebraska possibly was by Harrison Allen, +in his "Monograph of the Bats of North America" (1864:14, 20, 30, 35, +42), who listed _Nycticejus crepuscularis_ [= _Nycticeius humeralis_], +_Lasiurus borealis_, _Scotophilus carolinensis_ and _Scotophilus +fuscus_ [both = _Eptesicus fuscus_], and _Scotophilus noctivagans_ [= +_Lasionycteris noctivagans_], as collected in "Nebraska" (then Nebraska +Territory) by J. G. Cooper. Henry W. Setzer (in _litt._) reports that +none of the bats collected by Cooper now exists in the United States +National Museum and that no data pertaining to any of them are +available except that a single specimen of _Nycticeius humeralis_ was +traded to the British Museum in 1866. Cooper journeyed through parts of +the present state of Nebraska in the summer and autumn of 1857 and, +judging from Taylor's (1919:72-80) report of Cooper's travels, this was +the only time he entered any part of Nebraska Territory. The writers +are of the opinion that the specimens in question probably were +collected in Nebraska; but since Allen listed no exact localities or +dates of collection and since the specimens and data pertaining to them +are not now available, we have not included them here as Nebraskan +records. + +In the first comprehensive account of Nebraskan mammals, Myron H. Swenk +(1908:137-139) listed six kinds of bats, _Myotis evotis_, _Myotis +californicus ciliolabrum_ [= _Myotis subulatus subulatus_], +_Lasionycteris noctivagans_, _Eptesicus fuscus_, _Lasiurus borealis_, +and _Lasiurus cinereus_, as occurring within the state. Zimmer +(1913:665) recorded _Nyctinomus mexicanus_ [= _Tadarida mexicana_] from +Nebraska. Subsequently, Swenk (1915:854) reported _Myotis lucifugus +lucifugus_ in the state and three years later (1918:411) he reported +_Eptesicus fuscus pallidus_ for the first time. The report of _M. l. +lucifugus_ seemingly was not substantiated by any actual specimens. The +addition of _Myotis volans interior_ (Quay, 1948:181) brought to ten +the number of species and subspecies of bats reported from the state. + +In the present paper, _Myotis keenii septentrionalis_, _Myotis +lucifugus carissima_, and _Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus_ are +reported from Nebraska for the first time. Also, the first authentic +record of _Myotis lucifugus lucifugus_ is presented, along with +additional information on previously reported species. A total number +of 169 specimens from Nebraska was available for the present study. +This includes almost all of the known specimens preserved in all +collections as well as material obtained by us in the past six years. + +Nebraska has no natural caves or caverns; however, there are two +extensive man-made limestone caves near Louisville, in Cass and Sarpy +counties, where four kinds of bats have been found. Two of these are +here reported as new to Nebraska. The quarries, one on either side of +the Platte River Valley, are in a horizontal stratum of limestone 40 +feet in thickness, and are of the room and pillar type; that is to say, +the stone has been quarried away leaving rooms having supporting +pillars approximately every 50 feet. The average temperatures in summer +and winter within these tunnels, recorded over a period of several +years by the Ash Grove Lime and Portland Cement Company of Louisville, +are 65° F. and 50° F. respectively. The Kiewit Stone Quarry, abandoned +since 1936, is one-half mile west of Meadow, Sarpy County, and has one +remaining entrance measuring approximately 30 by 30 feet. This quarry +has an area of approximately one-fifth square mile and is usually +flooded with several feet of water. The other man-made cave, known +formerly as the National Stone Quarry, is one mile northeast of +Louisville, Cass County. This quarry was abandoned in September, 1938, +and until the winter of 1948-1949 had eight or nine entrances and two +air shafts. It was approximately one-third square mile in area. All the +openings to this quarry were covered in late 1949. Bats were first +observed in the National Stone Quarry by one of us (Webb) as early as +1939, less than a year after operations in the quarry ceased. + + +METHODS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS + + Records of Nebraskan bats are arranged in two categories; + specimens examined and additional records. The latter refer + to citations in the literature. Genera are arranged + according to Simpson (1945:59, 60), and species are listed + alphabetically under each genus. Specimens examined are in + the personal collection of the authors unless otherwise + indicated. + + In connection with this study the authors acknowledge the + assistance of Drs. Edson H. Fichter, Department of + Biological Sciences, Idaho State College, and E. Raymond + Hall and Rollin H. Baker, University of Kansas Museum of + Natural History for critical assistance with the manuscript. + We are indebted to Mr. Richard B. Loomis, University of + Kansas, for aid in collecting specimens; to Dr. Henry W. + Setzer, United States National Museum, for providing + information on possible early Nebraskan records; and to Mr. + Fred Brammer, Ash Grove Lime and Portland Cement Company, + Louisville, Nebraska, for information on, and permission to + collect in, the quarries of that area. For the loan of + specimens we are grateful to Dr. William H. Burt, University + of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Dr. C. Bertrand Schultz, + University of Nebraska State Museum, Dr. Otis Wade, + University of Nebraska Department of Zoology, Miss Lucille + Drury, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Mr. W. E. + Eigsti, Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebraska, and to those in + charge of the collections of the Nebraska Game, Forestation + and Parks Commission. + + +ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES + +~Myotis evotis evotis~ (H. Allen) + +Long-eared Myotis + + _Vespertilio evotis_ H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., + 165:48, June, 1864 (part), type from Monterey, Monterey Co., + California. + + _Myotis evotis_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:78, October 16, + 1897. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Pine Ridge area of northwestern + part of state. + + _Record of occurrence._--Specimen examined, 1, as follows: + SIOUX CO.: Warbonnet Canyon, 1 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.). + +_Remarks._--This specimen was taken by Merritt Cary on July 22, 1901. + + +~Myotis keenii septentrionalis~ (Trouessart) + +Eastern Long-eared Myotis + + [_Vespertilio gryphus_] var. _septentrionalis_ Trouessart, + Catal. Mamm. viv. foss., p. 131, 1897, type from Halifax, + Halifax Co., Nova Scotia. + + _Myotis keenii septentrionalis_, Miller and Allen, Bull. U. + S. Nat. Mus., 144:105, May 25, 1928. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known from limestone quarries + in Cass and Sarpy counties. Probably in other parts of + extreme eastern Nebraska. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 35, as + follows: CASS CO.: 1 mi. NE Louisville, 4. SARPY CO.: 1/2 + mi. W Meadow, 31 (some of these specimens have been + deposited in other collections as follows: Private + Collection of P. H. Krutzsch, 3; Private Collection of W. G. + Frum, 2; Nebr. Game, Forestation and Parks Comm., 1; Univ. + Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., 2; Univ. Nebr. State Mus., 7). + +_Remarks._--Although not so common as _Pipistrellus_ in the limestone +quarries, hibernating bats of this species frequently are found there, +usually as solitary individuals either in drill holes or clinging to +the walls of the quarries; occasionally, however, two or three bats +have been found together in a single drill hole. + + +~Myotis lucifugus carissima~ Thomas + +Brown Myotis + + _Myotis (Leuconoe) carissima_ Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. + Hist., (ser. 7), 13:383, May, 1904, type from Yellowstone + Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. + + _Myotis lucifugus carissima_, Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 42:43, + October 3, 1917. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known from a single record in + extreme northwestern Nebraska, but probably occurs + throughout Panhandle of state. + + _Record of occurrence._--Specimen examined, 1, as follows: + SIOUX CO.: Agate, 1 (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool.). + + +~Myotis lucifugus lucifugus~ (Le Conte) + +Brown Myotis + + _V[espertilio]. lucifugus_ Le Conte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, + Animal Kingdom, 1:431, June, 1831, type from Georgia, + probably from the Le Conte Plantation, near Riceboro, + Liberty County. + + _Myotis lucifugus [lucifugus]_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, + 13:59, October 16, 1897. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known only from the limestone + quarry in Sarpy County, but probably occurs over most of + eastern third of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2, as follows: + SARPY CO.: 1/2 mi. W Meadow, 2 (Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. + Hist., 1). + +_Remarks._--Two bats of this subspecies were found in the quarry in +Sarpy County on December 30, 1949. None was found on subsequent visits +to the quarry, although three other species of bats have been found +there in large numbers. These specimens appear to be the first actual +records of _M. l. lucifugus_ in the state, although Swenk (1915:854, +and in subsequent lists) reported it as "uncommon eastwardly". + +One of these bats, a male (KU 35076), possesses a peculiar dental +abnormality. Both of the second upper premolars (P3) are lacking, +although the mandibular dentition is normal. This condition has been +reported previously for this species by Frum (1946:176) in specimens +from West Virginia. + + +~Myotis subulatus subulatus~ (Say) + +Small-footed Myotis + + _Vespertilio subulatus_ Say, Long's Exped. to Rocky Mts., + 2:65 (footnote), 1823, type from the Arkansas River near La + Junta, Otero Co., Colorado. + + _Myotis subulatus_, Warren, The Mammals of Colorado, G. P. + Putnam's Sons, New York, 1910. p. 275. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Northern and western Nebraska. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 9, as follows: + CHERRY CO.: Valentine, 1 (Univ. Nebr. Dept. Zool.). SHERIDAN + CO.: Rushville, 1; 15 mi. N Rushville, 2. SIOUX CO.: Agate, + 1 (Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist.); Monroe Canyon, 5-1/2 mi. + N, 2-1/2 mi. W Harrison, 2 (Nebr. Game, Forestation and + Parks Comm.); Warbonnet Canyon, 2 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.). + + Additional records: DAKOTA CO.: Crystal Lake, 1 (Stephens, + 1945:92). DAWES CO.: Chadron, 1 (Miller and Allen, + 1928:169). SIOUX CO.: Antelope Township, 1 (Quay, 1948:181); + Sugarloaf Township, 1 (Quay, 1948:181). + +_Remarks._--This bat is common along the Niobrara River in the +northwestern part of the state. Stephens (_loc. cit._) reports taking +a bat of this species in Dakota County in the northeastern corner of +Nebraska. This specimen was sent to Swenk at the University of Nebraska +for positive identification and was, according to Stephens, deposited +in the Swenk collection. No trace of the specimen can be found at the +present time. It is here assigned to _M. s. subulatus_. + +_M. s. subulatus_ has been observed frequently in the Pine Ridge area, +generally in association with _Eptesicus fuscus pallidus_. Two +specimens were shot by us from many that were seen flying over a small +clearing in the pines in northern Sioux County on August 2, 1949. +Several _Eptesicus_ were also obtained there. One of us (Webb) took two +of these bats from their daytime retreat in a barn north of Rushville, +Sheridan County, on September 5, 1951, where _Eptesicus_ was also +found. They are known to inhabit hay barns at the Ft. Niobrara Game +Reserve, Cherry County, also in association with _Eptesicus_. Swenk +(1908:137) reports finding two of these bats under a loose strip of +pine bark in Sioux County. + + +~Myotis volans interior~ Miller + +Hairy-winged Myotis + + _Myotis longricus interior_ Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 27:211, October 31, 1914, type from Twining, + Taos Co., New Mexico. + + _Myotis volans interior_, Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. + Mus., 144:142, May 25, 1928. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Badlands area of extreme + northwestern part of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2, as follows: + SIOUX CO.: Warbonnet Township, 8 mi. N Harrison, 2 + (Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist.). + +_Remarks._--Quay (1948:181) reported finding a colony of approximately +180 of these bats in northern Sioux County in the summer of 1944. They +were found in a crevice in a dry creek bed. He examined several dozen, +all females, two of which were saved as specimens. + +The authors, while engaged in field work in this approximate locality +in the summers of 1948 and 1949, were unable to locate any of these +bats. + + +~Lasionycteris noctivagans~ (Le Conte) + +Silver-haired Bat + + _V[espertilio], noctivagans_ Le Conte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, + Animal Kingdom, 1:431, June, 1831, type from eastern United + States. + + _Lasionycteris noctivagans_, Peters, Monatsber. k. preuss. + Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, p. 648, 1865. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--"Entire state, fairly common + during migrations but probably not breeding within our + limits" (Swenk, 1908:138). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2, as follows: + CLAY CO.: Inland, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebraska). + FRANKLIN CO.: Campbell, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, + Nebraska). + + Additional records (Swenk, 1908:138): CUMING CO.: West + Point. DOUGLAS CO.: Omaha. LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln. County + undesignated: "Platte River". + + +~Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus~ (F. Cuvier) + +Eastern Pipistrelle + + _V[espertilio]. subflavus_ F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. + Nat. Paris, 1:17, 1832, type from eastern United States, + probably Georgia. + + _Pipistrellus subflavus_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:90, + October 16, 1897. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known from limestone quarries + in Cass and Sarpy counties; probably ranging throughout + eastern Nebraska. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 34, as + follows: CASS CO.: 1 mi. NE Louisville, 4. SARPY CO.: 1/2 + mi. W Meadow, 30 (some of these specimens have been + deposited in other collections as follows: Private + Collection of P. H. Krutzsch, 3; Private Collection of W. G. + Frum, 2; Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., 4; Univ. Nebr. State + Mus., 4). + +_Remarks._--This bat is the most common of the four species that are +known to inhabit the quarries in Cass and Sarpy counties. Individuals +have been found both in drill holes and clinging to the walls of the +quarries. We have always found this bat to be solitary while in +hibernation. + + +~Eptesicus fuscus fuscus~ (Beauvois) + +Big Brown Bat + + _Vespertilio fuscus_ Beauvois, Catal. Raisonné Mus. Peale, + Philadelphia, p. 18, 1796, type from Philadelphia, + Philadelphia Co., Pennsylvania. + + _Eptesicus fuscus_, Méhely, Magyarország denevéreinek + monographiája (Monographia Chiropterorum Hungariae), pp. + 206, 338, 1900. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Eastern part of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 23, as + follows: ADAMS CO.: Hastings, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, + Nebraska). CASS CO.: 1 mi. NE Louisville, 6; Plattsmouth, 1 + (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.). SARPY CO.: 1/2 mi. W Meadow, 15 + (Univ. Nebr. State Mus., 7). + +_Remarks._--We have observed this bat hibernating in the limestone +quarries of Cass and Sarpy counties, where it was commonly found in +drill holes or clinging to the ceiling or walls. We have always found +this bat to be solitary while in hibernation, with one exception. On +January 31, 1949, a male and female were found in the same drill hole +in the Cass County quarry. The jolt of being knocked from the hole +separated the two bats, and upon examination the penis of the male was +noted to be extended and erected, indicating that the pair might have +been in the act of copulation. + + +~Eptesicus fuscus pallidus~ Young + +Big Brown Bat + + _Eptesicus pallidus_ Young, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, p. 408, October 2, 1908, type from Boulder, + Boulder Co., Colorado. + + _Eptesicus fuscus pallidus_, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., + 79:62, December 31, 1912. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Western half of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 34, as + follows: CHERRY CO.: Ft. Niobrara Game Reserve, 19 (Nebr. + Game, Forestation and Parks Comm., 17); Valentine, 2 (Univ. + Nebr. Dept. Zool.). DAWES CO.: 10 mi. S Chadron, 1 (Univ. + Mich. Mus. Zool.). KNOX CO.: Niobrara, 1. SHERIDAN CO.: 15 + mi. N Rushville, 2. SIOUX CO.: Glen, 1 (Univ. Nebr. State + Mus.); Monroe Canyon, 5-1/2 mi. N, 2-1/2 mi. W Harrison, 1 + (Nebr. Game, Forestation and Parks Comm.); Warbonnet Canyon, + 7 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.). + +_Remarks._--A colony of approximately 100 of these bats was discovered +in the unused portion of a barn loft at Ft. Niobrara Game Reserve on +August 11, 1948. Although no temperature readings were taken, it was +estimated that the temperature was more than 100° F. in the loft. The +bats were congregated on rafters at the north end of the barn and when +disturbed, only a few members of the colony dropped from the rafters to +fly. Most of the bats crawled to new retreats between the rafters and +the corrugated iron roof of the building. + + +~Lasiurus borealis borealis~ (Müller) + +Red Bat + + _Vespertilio borealis_ Müller, Natursyst. Suppl., p. 20, + 1776, type from New York. + + _Lasiurus borealis_ [_borealis_], Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, + 13:105, October 16, 1897. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--State-wide in suitable habitat. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 14, as + follows: LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln, 13 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus., + 11; Univ. Nebr. Dept. Zool., 1). RICHARDSON CO.: 3 mi. SE + Rulo, 1 (Nebr. Game, Forestation, and Parks Comm.). + + Additional records (Swenk, 1908:139): CUMING CO.: West + Point. DOUGLAS CO.: Omaha. LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln. OTOE CO.: + Nebraska City. RICHARDSON CO.: Humboldt. + + +~Lasiurus cinereus cinereus~ (Beauvois) + +Hoary Bat + + _Vespertilio cinereus_ (misspelled _linereus_) Beauvois, + Catal. Raisonné Mus. Peale, Philadelphia, p. 18, 1796, type + from Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co., Pennsylvania. + + _Lasiurus cinereus_, H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., + 17:21, June, 1864. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--State-wide in suitable habitat. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 11, as + follows: CLAY CO.: Inland, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, + Nebraska). CUSTER CO.: Broken Bow, 2 (Univ. Mich. Mus. + Zool.); Victoria Springs, 1 (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool.). FURNAS + CO.: Wilsonville, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebraska). + LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln, 6 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus., 5; Univ. + Nebr. Dept. Zool., 1). + + Additional records: CUMING CO.: West Point (Swenk, + 1908:139). DOUGLAS CO.: Omaha (Swenk, 1908:139). GAGE CO.: + Beatrice (Swenk, 1908:139). LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln (Swenk, + 1908:139). County undesignated: Loup Fork (Miller, + 1897:114). + + +~Tadarida mexicana~ (Saussure) + +Mexican Free-tailed Bat + + _Molossus mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, + Ser. 2, 12:283, July, 1860, type from Cofre de Perote, + 13,000 feet, state of Veracruz, Mexico. + + _Tadarida mexicana_, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 128:86, + April 29, 1924. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known only from Lincoln, + Lancaster County. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimen examined, 1, as follows: + LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln, 1 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.). + + Additional record (Zimmer, 1913:665): LANCASTER CO.: + Lincoln. + +_Remarks._--The Mexican free-tailed bat is probably rare in Nebraska. +The single specimen examined by us was obtained on June 27, 1931, from +a downtown business building in Lincoln. According to the label on the +specimen, it died in captivity on June 29 after giving birth to one +young on June 28. The bat reported by Zimmer (_loc. cit._) was also +taken in the business district of Lincoln. It was obtained on August +15, 1913. + +In addition to the bats named above, six other kinds possibly occur in +Nebraska. These, along with an indication of the part of the state in +which each is to be looked for, are as follows: + + _Myotis grisescens_ Howell, southeastern part of state. + + _Myotis sodalis_ Miller and Allen, southeastern part of + state. + + _Myotis thysanodes thysanodes_ Miller, northwestern part of + state. + + _Nycticeus humeralis humeralis_ (Rafinesque), southeastern + part of state. + + _Corynorhinus rafinesquii pallescens_ (Miller), northwestern + part of state. + + _Tadarida molossa_ (Pallas), any part of state. + + +LITERATURE CITED + +ALLEN, H. + 1864. Monograph of the bats of North America. Smithsonian Misc. + Coll., 165:xxiii + 85, June, 1864. + +FRUM, W. G. + 1946. Abnormality in dentition of _Myotis lucifugus_. Jour. + Mamm., 27:176, May 14, 1946. + +MILLER, G. S., JR. + 1897. Revision of the North American bats of the family + Vespertilionidae. N. Amer. Fauna, 13:1-138, October 16, 1897. + +MILLER, G. S., JR., and G. M. ALLEN + 1928. The American bats of the genera _Myotis_ and _Pizonyx_. + Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:viii + 218, May 25, 1928. + +QUAY, W. B. + 1948. Notes on some bats from Nebraska and Wyoming. Jour. Mamm., + 29:181-182, May 14, 1948. + +SIMPSON, G. G. + 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of + mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 85:xvi + 350, + October 5, 1945. + +STEPHENS, T. C. + 1945. Say's bat in Nebraska. Jour. Mamm., 26:92, February 27, 1945. + +SWENK, M. H. + 1908. A preliminary review of the mammals of Nebraska. Proc. Nebr. + Acad. Sci., 8:61-144, 1908. + + 1915. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Nebr. Blue Book and + Historical Register, pp. 851-855, 1915. + + 1918. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Nebr. Blue Book and + Historical Register, pp. 407-411, December, 1918. + + 1919. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Univ. Nebr. Contrib. + Dept. Ent., 23:1-21, March 1, 1919. + + 1920. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Nebr. Blue Book and + Historical Register, pp. 479-483, December, 1920. + +TAYLOR, W. P. + 1919. Notes on mammals collected principally in Washington and + California between the years 1853 and 1874 by Dr. James Graham + Cooper. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 9:69-121, July 12, 1919. + +ZIMMER, J. T. + 1913. A northwardly record of the free-tailed bat. Science (NS), + 38:665-666, November 7, 1913. + +_Transmitted, March 27, 1952._ + + +24-2965 + + + + * * * * * + +Transcriber's Notes + +Italicized text is shown within _underscores_. + +Bold text is shown within ~tildes~. + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan +Bats, by Olin L. Webb and J. 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Webb And J. Knox Jones, Jr. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + +body { + margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + + h1,h2,h3,h4 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; +} + +p { + margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; +} + + p.title { text-align: center; text-indent: 0; + font-weight: bold; + line-height: 1.4; margin-bottom: 3em; } + + +hr { + width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; +} + +.pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; +} /* page numbers */ + +.blockquot { + margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 10%; +} + +.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 2.5em; + padding-left: 2.5em; text-indent: -2.5em;} + +.center {text-align: center;} + +.smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + +.u {text-decoration: underline;} + + + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats, by +Olin L. Webb and J. Knox Jones + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats + +Author: Olin L. Webb + J. Knox Jones + +Release Date: February 19, 2010 [EBook #31325] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ANNOTATED CHECKLIST--NEBRASKAN BATS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + + + +<h1>An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats</h1> + +<p class="title">BY<br /><br /> + +<big>OLIN L. WEBB and J. KNOX JONES, JR.</big><br /><br /><br /> + +University of Kansas Publications<br /> +Museum of Natural History<br /><br /> + +Volume 5, No. 21, pp. 269-279<br /> +May 31, 1952<br /><br /><br /> + +University of Kansas<br /> +LAWRENCE<br /> +1952<br /> +</p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + + +<p class="title"> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br /> +<br /> +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard,<br /> +Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson<br /> +<br /> +Volume 5, No. 21, pp. 269-279<br /> +May 31, 1952<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +<small>PRINTED BY<br /> +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> +1952<br /> +<br /> +24-2965<br /> +</small></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[Pg 271]</a></span></p> +<h2>An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats</h2> + +<p class="center"><small>BY</small><br /><br /> + +OLIN L. WEBB and J. KNOX JONES, JR.</p> + + +<h3>HISTORY</h3> + +<p>The first mention of bats in Nebraska possibly was by Harrison +Allen, in his "Monograph of the Bats of North America" (1864:14, +20, 30, 35, 42), who listed <i>Nycticejus crepuscularis</i> [= <i>Nycticeius +humeralis</i>], <i>Lasiurus borealis</i>, <i>Scotophilus carolinensis</i> and <i>Scotophilus +fuscus</i> [both = <i>Eptesicus fuscus</i>], and <i>Scotophilus noctivagans</i> +[= <i>Lasionycteris noctivagans</i>], as collected in "Nebraska" +(then Nebraska Territory) by J. G. Cooper. Henry W. Setzer (in +<i>litt.</i>) reports that none of the bats collected by Cooper now exists +in the United States National Museum and that no data pertaining +to any of them are available except that a single specimen of <i>Nycticeius +humeralis</i> was traded to the British Museum in 1866. Cooper +journeyed through parts of the present state of Nebraska in the +summer and autumn of 1857 and, judging from Taylor's (1919:72-80) +report of Cooper's travels, this was the only time he entered +any part of Nebraska Territory. The writers are of the opinion +that the specimens in question probably were collected in Nebraska; +but since Allen listed no exact localities or dates of collection and +since the specimens and data pertaining to them are not now available, +we have not included them here as Nebraskan records.</p> + +<p>In the first comprehensive account of Nebraskan mammals, Myron +H. Swenk (1908:137-139) listed six kinds of bats, <i>Myotis evotis</i>, +<i>Myotis californicus ciliolabrum</i> [= <i>Myotis subulatus subulatus</i>], +<i>Lasionycteris noctivagans</i>, <i>Eptesicus fuscus</i>, <i>Lasiurus borealis</i>, and +<i>Lasiurus cinereus</i>, as occurring within the state. Zimmer (1913:665) +recorded <i>Nyctinomus mexicanus</i> [= <i>Tadarida mexicana</i>] from +Nebraska. Subsequently, Swenk (1915:854) reported <i>Myotis lucifugus +lucifugus</i> in the state and three years later (1918:411) he +reported <i>Eptesicus fuscus pallidus</i> for the first time. The report of +<i>M. l. lucifugus</i> seemingly was not substantiated by any actual specimens. +The addition of <i>Myotis volans interior</i> (Quay, 1948:181) +brought to ten the number of species and subspecies of bats reported +from the state.</p> + +<p>In the present paper, <i>Myotis keenii septentrionalis</i>, <i>Myotis lucifugus +carissima</i>, and <i>Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus</i> are reported<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[Pg 272]</a></span> +from Nebraska for the first time. Also, the first authentic record of +<i>Myotis lucifugus lucifugus</i> is presented, along with additional information +on previously reported species. A total number of 169 +specimens from Nebraska was available for the present study. This +includes almost all of the known specimens preserved in all collections +as well as material obtained by us in the past six years.</p> + +<p>Nebraska has no natural caves or caverns; however, there are two +extensive man-made limestone caves near Louisville, in Cass and +Sarpy counties, where four kinds of bats have been found. Two of +these are here reported as new to Nebraska. The quarries, one on +either side of the Platte River Valley, are in a horizontal stratum of +limestone 40 feet in thickness, and are of the room and pillar type; +that is to say, the stone has been quarried away leaving rooms having +supporting pillars approximately every 50 feet. The average +temperatures in summer and winter within these tunnels, recorded +over a period of several years by the Ash Grove Lime and Portland +Cement Company of Louisville, are 65° F. and 50° F. respectively. +The Kiewit Stone Quarry, abandoned since 1936, is one-half mile +west of Meadow, Sarpy County, and has one remaining entrance +measuring approximately 30 by 30 feet. This quarry has an area +of approximately one-fifth square mile and is usually flooded with +several feet of water. The other man-made cave, known formerly +as the National Stone Quarry, is one mile northeast of Louisville, +Cass County. This quarry was abandoned in September, 1938, and +until the winter of 1948-1949 had eight or nine entrances and two +air shafts. It was approximately one-third square mile in area. All +the openings to this quarry were covered in late 1949. Bats were +first observed in the National Stone Quarry by one of us (Webb) +as early as 1939, less than a year after operations in the quarry +ceased.</p> + + +<h3>METHODS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</h3> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Records of Nebraskan bats are arranged in two categories; specimens examined +and additional records. The latter refer to citations in the literature. +Genera are arranged according to Simpson (1945:59, 60), and species are +listed alphabetically under each genus. Specimens examined are in the personal +collection of the authors unless otherwise indicated.</p> + +<p>In connection with this study the authors acknowledge the assistance of +Drs. Edson H. Fichter, Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State College, +and E. Raymond Hall and Rollin H. Baker, University of Kansas Museum of +Natural History for critical assistance with the manuscript. We are indebted +to Mr. Richard B. Loomis, University of Kansas, for aid in collecting specimens; +to Dr. Henry W. Setzer, United States National Museum, for providing information +on possible early Nebraskan records; and to Mr. Fred Brammer, Ash<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[Pg 273]</a></span> +Grove Lime and Portland Cement Company, Louisville, Nebraska, for information +on, and permission to collect in, the quarries of that area. For the +loan of specimens we are grateful to Dr. William H. Burt, University of Michigan +Museum of Zoology, Dr. C. Bertrand Schultz, University of Nebraska State +Museum, Dr. Otis Wade, University of Nebraska Department of Zoology, Miss +Lucille Drury, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Mr. W. E. Eigsti, Hastings +Museum, Hastings, Nebraska, and to those in charge of the collections of the +Nebraska Game, Forestation and Parks Commission.</p></div> + + +<h3>ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES</h3> + +<h4>Myotis evotis evotis <span style="font-weight: normal"> (H. Allen)<br /><br /> + +Long-eared Myotis</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Vespertilio evotis</i> H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 165:48, June, 1864 +(part), type from Monterey, Monterey Co., California.</p> + +<p><i>Myotis evotis</i>, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:78, October 16, 1897.</p> + +<p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—Pine Ridge area of northwestern part of state.</p> + +<p><i>Record of occurrence.</i>—Specimen examined, 1, as follows: <span class="smcap">Sioux Co.</span>: +Warbonnet Canyon, 1 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.).</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—This specimen was taken by Merritt Cary on July 22, +1901.</p> + + +<h4>Myotis keenii septentrionalis <span style="font-weight: normal">(Trouessart)<br /><br /> + +Eastern Long-eared Myotis</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>[<i>Vespertilio gryphus</i>] var. <i>septentrionalis</i> Trouessart, Catal. Mamm. viv. foss., +p. 131, 1897, type from Halifax, Halifax Co., Nova Scotia.</p> + +<p><i>Myotis keenii septentrionalis</i>, Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:105, +May 25, 1928.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—Known from limestone quarries in Cass and +Sarpy counties. Probably in other parts of extreme eastern Nebraska.</p> + +<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 35, as follows: <span class="smcap">Cass Co.</span>: +1 mi. NE Louisville, 4. <span class="smcap">Sarpy Co.</span>: 1/2 mi. W Meadow, 31 (some of these +specimens have been deposited in other collections as follows: Private Collection +of P. H. Krutzsch, 3; Private Collection of W. G. Frum, 2; Nebr. Game, +Forestation and Parks Comm., 1; Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., 2; Univ. Nebr. +State Mus., 7).</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Although not so common as <i>Pipistrellus</i> in the limestone +quarries, hibernating bats of this species frequently are found +there, usually as solitary individuals either in drill holes or clinging +to the walls of the quarries; occasionally, however, two or three bats +have been found together in a single drill hole.</p> + + +<h4>Myotis lucifugus carissima <span style="font-weight: normal">Thomas<br /><br /> + +Brown Myotis</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Myotis (Leuconoe) carissima</i> Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (ser. 7), +13:383, May, 1904, type from Yellowstone Lake, Yellowstone National +Park, Wyoming.</p> + +<p><i>Myotis lucifugus carissima</i>, Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 42:43, October 3, 1917.</p></div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[Pg 274]</a></span></p> +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—Known from a single record in extreme northwestern +Nebraska, but probably occurs throughout Panhandle of state.</p> + +<p><i>Record of occurrence.</i>—Specimen examined, 1, as follows: <span class="smcap">Sioux Co.</span>: +Agate, 1 (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool.).</p></div> + + +<h4>Myotis lucifugus lucifugus <span style="font-weight: normal">(Le Conte)<br /><br /> + +Brown Myotis</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>V[espertilio]. lucifugus</i> Le Conte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, Animal Kingdom, +1:431, June, 1831, type from Georgia, probably from the Le Conte Plantation, +near Riceboro, Liberty County.</p> + +<p><i>Myotis lucifugus [lucifugus]</i>, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:59, October 16, +1897.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—Known only from the limestone quarry in Sarpy +County, but probably occurs over most of eastern third of state.</p> + +<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 2, as follows: <span class="smcap">Sarpy Co.</span>: +1/2 mi. W Meadow, 2 (Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., 1).</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Two bats of this subspecies were found in the quarry +in Sarpy County on December 30, 1949. None was found on subsequent +visits to the quarry, although three other species of bats +have been found there in large numbers. These specimens appear +to be the first actual records of <i>M. l. lucifugus</i> in the state, although +Swenk (1915:854, and in subsequent lists) reported it as "uncommon +eastwardly".</p> + +<p>One of these bats, a male (KU 35076), possesses a peculiar dental +abnormality. Both of the second upper premolars (P3) are lacking, +although the mandibular dentition is normal. This condition has +been reported previously for this species by Frum (1946:176) in +specimens from West Virginia.</p> + + +<h4>Myotis subulatus subulatus <span style="font-weight: normal">(Say)<br /><br /> + +Small-footed Myotis</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Vespertilio subulatus</i> Say, Long's Exped. to Rocky Mts., 2:65 (footnote), +1823, type from the Arkansas River near La Junta, Otero Co., Colorado.</p> + +<p><i>Myotis subulatus</i>, Warren, The Mammals of Colorado, G. P. Putnam's Sons, +New York, 1910. p. 275.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—Northern and western Nebraska.</p> + +<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 9, as follows: <span class="smcap">Cherry Co.</span>: +Valentine, 1 (Univ. Nebr. Dept. Zool.). <span class="smcap">Sheridan Co.</span>: Rushville, 1; 15 mi. +N Rushville, 2. <span class="smcap">Sioux Co.</span>: Agate, 1 (Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist.); Monroe +Canyon, 5-1/2 mi. N, 2-1/2 mi. W Harrison, 2 (Nebr. Game, Forestation and Parks +Comm.); Warbonnet Canyon, 2 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.).</p> + +<p>Additional records: <span class="smcap">Dakota Co.</span>: Crystal Lake, 1 (Stephens, 1945:92). +<span class="smcap">Dawes Co.</span>: Chadron, 1 (Miller and Allen, 1928:169). <span class="smcap">Sioux Co.</span>: Antelope +Township, 1 (Quay, 1948:181); Sugarloaf Township, 1 (Quay, 1948:181).</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—This bat is common along the Niobrara River in the +northwestern part of the state. Stephens (<i>loc. cit.</i>) reports taking<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[Pg 275]</a></span> +a bat of this species in Dakota County in the northeastern corner of +Nebraska. This specimen was sent to Swenk at the University of +Nebraska for positive identification and was, according to Stephens, +deposited in the Swenk collection. No trace of the specimen can +be found at the present time. It is here assigned to <i>M. s. subulatus</i>.</p> + +<p><i>M. s. subulatus</i> has been observed frequently in the Pine Ridge +area, generally in association with <i>Eptesicus fuscus pallidus</i>. Two +specimens were shot by us from many that were seen flying over +a small clearing in the pines in northern Sioux County on August 2, +1949. Several <i>Eptesicus</i> were also obtained there. One of us +(Webb) took two of these bats from their daytime retreat in a barn +north of Rushville, Sheridan County, on September 5, 1951, where +<i>Eptesicus</i> was also found. They are known to inhabit hay barns at +the Ft. Niobrara Game Reserve, Cherry County, also in association +with <i>Eptesicus</i>. Swenk (1908:137) reports finding two of these bats +under a loose strip of pine bark in Sioux County.</p> + + +<h4>Myotis volans interior <span style="font-weight: normal">Miller<br /><br /> + +Hairy-winged Myotis</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Myotis longricus interior</i> Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 27:211, October +31, 1914, type from Twining, Taos Co., New Mexico.</p> + +<p><i>Myotis volans interior</i>, Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:142, May +25, 1928.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—Badlands area of extreme northwestern part of +state.</p> + +<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 2, as follows: <span class="smcap">Sioux Co.</span>: +Warbonnet Township, 8 mi. N Harrison, 2 (Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist.).</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—Quay (1948:181) reported finding a colony of approximately +180 of these bats in northern Sioux County in the summer +of 1944. They were found in a crevice in a dry creek bed. He examined +several dozen, all females, two of which were saved as +specimens.</p> + +<p>The authors, while engaged in field work in this approximate +locality in the summers of 1948 and 1949, were unable to locate any +of these bats.</p> + + +<h4>Lasionycteris noctivagans <span style="font-weight: normal">(Le Conte)<br /><br /> + +Silver-haired Bat</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>V[espertilio], noctivagans</i> Le Conte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, Animal Kingdom, +1:431, June, 1831, type from eastern United States.</p> + +<p><i>Lasionycteris noctivagans</i>, Peters, Monatsber. k. preuss. Akad. Wissensch. +Berlin, p. 648, 1865.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—"Entire state, fairly common during migrations +but probably not breeding within our limits" (Swenk, 1908:138).</p> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[Pg 276]</a></span></p> +<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 2, as follows: <span class="smcap">Clay Co.</span>: +Inland, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebraska). <span class="smcap">Franklin Co.</span>: Campbell, +1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebraska).</p> + +<p>Additional records (Swenk, 1908:138): <span class="smcap">Cuming Co.</span>: West Point. <span class="smcap">Douglas +Co.</span>: Omaha. <span class="smcap">Lancaster Co.</span>: Lincoln. County undesignated: "Platte +River".</p></div> + + +<h4>Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus <span style="font-weight: normal">(F. Cuvier)<br /><br /> + +Eastern Pipistrelle</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>V[espertilio]. subflavus</i> F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1:17, +1832, type from eastern United States, probably Georgia.</p> + +<p><i>Pipistrellus subflavus</i>, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:90, October 16, 1897.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—Known from limestone quarries in Cass and +Sarpy counties; probably ranging throughout eastern Nebraska.</p> + +<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 34, as follows: <span class="smcap">Cass Co.</span>: +1 mi. NE Louisville, 4. <span class="smcap">Sarpy Co.</span>: 1/2 mi. W Meadow, 30 (some of these +specimens have been deposited in other collections as follows: Private Collection +of P. H. Krutzsch, 3; Private Collection of W. G. Frum, 2; Univ. Kansas +Mus. Nat. Hist., 4; Univ. Nebr. State Mus., 4).</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—This bat is the most common of the four species that +are known to inhabit the quarries in Cass and Sarpy counties. Individuals +have been found both in drill holes and clinging to the +walls of the quarries. We have always found this bat to be solitary +while in hibernation.</p> + + +<h4>Eptesicus fuscus fuscus <span style="font-weight: normal">(Beauvois)<br /><br /> + +Big Brown Bat</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Vespertilio fuscus</i> Beauvois, Catal. Raisonné Mus. Peale, Philadelphia, p. 18, +1796, type from Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co., Pennsylvania.</p> + +<p><i>Eptesicus fuscus</i>, Méhely, Magyarország denevéreinek monographiája (Monographia +Chiropterorum Hungariae), pp. 206, 338, 1900.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—Eastern part of state.</p> + +<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 23, as follows: <span class="smcap">Adams Co.</span>: +Hastings, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebraska). <span class="smcap">Cass Co.</span>: 1 mi. NE +Louisville, 6; Plattsmouth, 1 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.). <span class="smcap">Sarpy Co.</span>: 1/2 mi. W +Meadow, 15 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus., 7).</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—We have observed this bat hibernating in the limestone +quarries of Cass and Sarpy counties, where it was commonly +found in drill holes or clinging to the ceiling or walls. We have always +found this bat to be solitary while in hibernation, with one +exception. On January 31, 1949, a male and female were found in +the same drill hole in the Cass County quarry. The jolt of being +knocked from the hole separated the two bats, and upon examination +the penis of the male was noted to be extended and erected, indicating +that the pair might have been in the act of copulation.</p> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[Pg 277]</a></span></p> +<h4>Eptesicus fuscus pallidus <span style="font-weight: normal">Young<br /><br /> + +Big Brown Bat</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Eptesicus pallidus</i> Young, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 408, October +2, 1908, type from Boulder, Boulder Co., Colorado.</p> + +<p><i>Eptesicus fuscus pallidus</i>, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79:62, December +31, 1912.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—Western half of state.</p> + +<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 34, as follows: <span class="smcap">Cherry Co.</span>: +Ft. Niobrara Game Reserve, 19 (Nebr. Game, Forestation and Parks Comm., +17); Valentine, 2 (Univ. Nebr. Dept. Zool.). <span class="smcap">Dawes Co.</span>: 10 mi. S Chadron, +1 (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool.). <span class="smcap">Knox Co.</span>: Niobrara, 1. <span class="smcap">Sheridan Co.</span>: 15 mi. +N Rushville, 2. <span class="smcap">Sioux Co.</span>: Glen, 1 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.); Monroe Canyon, +5-1/2 mi. N, 2-1/2 mi. W Harrison, 1 (Nebr. Game, Forestation and Parks +Comm.); Warbonnet Canyon, 7 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.).</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—A colony of approximately 100 of these bats was discovered +in the unused portion of a barn loft at Ft. Niobrara Game +Reserve on August 11, 1948. Although no temperature readings +were taken, it was estimated that the temperature was more than +100° F. in the loft. The bats were congregated on rafters at the +north end of the barn and when disturbed, only a few members of +the colony dropped from the rafters to fly. Most of the bats crawled +to new retreats between the rafters and the corrugated iron roof of +the building.</p> + + +<h4>Lasiurus borealis borealis <span style="font-weight: normal">(Müller)<br /><br /> + +Red Bat</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Vespertilio borealis</i> Müller, Natursyst. Suppl., p. 20, 1776, type from New +York.</p> + +<p><i>Lasiurus borealis</i> [<i>borealis</i>], Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:105, October 16, +1897.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—State-wide in suitable habitat.</p> + +<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 14, as follows: <span class="smcap">Lancaster +Co.</span>: Lincoln, 13 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus., 11; Univ. Nebr. Dept. Zool., 1). +<span class="smcap">Richardson Co.</span>: 3 mi. SE Rulo, 1 (Nebr. Game, Forestation, and Parks +Comm.).</p> + +<p>Additional records (Swenk, 1908:139): <span class="smcap">Cuming Co.</span>: West Point. <span class="smcap">Douglas +Co.</span>: Omaha. <span class="smcap">Lancaster Co.</span>: Lincoln. <span class="smcap">Otoe Co.</span>: Nebraska City. +<span class="smcap">Richardson Co.</span>: Humboldt.</p></div> + + +<h4>Lasiurus cinereus cinereus <span style="font-weight: normal">(Beauvois)<br /><br /> + +Hoary Bat</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Vespertilio cinereus</i> (misspelled <i>linereus</i>) Beauvois, Catal. Raisonné Mus. +Peale, Philadelphia, p. 18, 1796, type from Philadelphia, Philadelphia +Co., Pennsylvania.</p> + +<p><i>Lasiurus cinereus</i>, H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 17:21, June, 1864.</p></div> +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[Pg 278]</a></span></p> +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—State-wide in suitable habitat.</p> + +<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimens examined, 11, as follows: <span class="smcap">Clay Co.</span>: +Inland, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebraska). <span class="smcap">Custer Co.</span>: Broken Bow, +2 (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool.); Victoria Springs, 1 (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool.). +<span class="smcap">Furnas Co.</span>: Wilsonville, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebraska). <span class="smcap">Lancaster +Co.</span>: Lincoln, 6 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus., 5; Univ. Nebr. Dept. Zool., +1).</p> + +<p>Additional records: <span class="smcap">Cuming Co.</span>: West Point (Swenk, 1908:139). <span class="smcap">Douglas +Co.</span>: Omaha (Swenk, 1908:139). <span class="smcap">Gage Co.</span>: Beatrice (Swenk, 1908:139). +<span class="smcap">Lancaster Co.</span>: Lincoln (Swenk, 1908:139). County undesignated: +Loup Fork (Miller, 1897:114).</p></div> + + +<h4>Tadarida mexicana <span style="font-weight: normal">(Saussure)<br /><br /> + +Mexican Free-tailed Bat</span></h4> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Molossus mexicanus</i> Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, Ser. 2, 12:283, +July, 1860, type from Cofre de Perote, 13,000 feet, state of Veracruz, +Mexico.</p> + +<p><i>Tadarida mexicana</i>, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 128:86, April 29, 1924.</p></div> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><i>Distribution in Nebraska.</i>—Known only from Lincoln, Lancaster County.</p> + +<p><i>Records of occurrence.</i>—Specimen examined, 1, as follows: <span class="smcap">Lancaster Co.</span>: +Lincoln, 1 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.).</p> + +<p>Additional record (Zimmer, 1913:665): <span class="smcap">Lancaster Co.</span>: Lincoln.</p></div> + +<p><i>Remarks.</i>—The Mexican free-tailed bat is probably rare in Nebraska. +The single specimen examined by us was obtained on June +27, 1931, from a downtown business building in Lincoln. According +to the label on the specimen, it died in captivity on June 29 after +giving birth to one young on June 28. The bat reported by Zimmer +(<i>loc. cit.</i>) was also taken in the business district of Lincoln. It was +obtained on August 15, 1913.</p> + +<p>In addition to the bats named above, six other kinds possibly occur +in Nebraska. These, along with an indication of the part of the +state in which each is to be looked for, are as follows:</p> + +<ul><li><i>Myotis grisescens</i> Howell, southeastern part of state.</li> + +<li><i>Myotis sodalis</i> Miller and Allen, southeastern part of state.</li> + +<li><i>Myotis thysanodes thysanodes</i> Miller, northwestern part of state.</li> + +<li><i>Nycticeus humeralis humeralis</i> (Rafinesque), southeastern part of state.</li> + +<li><i>Corynorhinus rafinesquii pallescens</i> (Miller), northwestern part of state.</li> + +<li><i>Tadarida molossa</i> (Pallas), any part of state.</li> +</ul> + +<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[Pg 279]</a></span></p> + +<h3>LITERATURE CITED</h3> + +<p> +<span class="smcap">Allen, H.</span><br /> +<span class="i4">1864. Monograph of the bats of North America. Smithsonian Misc. +Coll., 165:xxiii + 85, June, 1864.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Frum, W. G.</span><br /> +<span class="i4">1946. Abnormality in dentition of <i>Myotis lucifugus</i>. Jour. +Mamm., 27:176, May 14, 1946.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Miller, G. S., Jr.</span><br /> +<span class="i4">1897. Revision of the North American bats of the family +Vespertilionidae. N. Amer. Fauna, 13:1-138, October 16, 1897.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Miller, G. S., Jr.</span>, and <span class="smcap">G. M. Allen</span><br /> +<span class="i4">1928. The American bats of the genera <i>Myotis</i> and <i>Pizonyx</i>. +Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:viii + 218, May 25, 1928.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Quay, W. B.</span><br /> +<span class="i4">1948. Notes on some bats from Nebraska and Wyoming. Jour. Mamm., +29:181-182, May 14, 1948.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Simpson, G. G.</span><br /> +<span class="i4">1945. The principles of classification and a classification of +mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 85:xvi + 350, +October 5, 1945.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Stephens, T. C.</span><br /> +<span class="i4">1945. Say's bat in Nebraska. Jour. Mamm., 26:92, February 27, 1945.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Swenk, M. H.</span><br /> +<span class="i4">1908. A preliminary review of the mammals of Nebraska. Proc. Nebr. +Acad. Sci., 8:61-144, 1908.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1915. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Nebr. Blue Book and +Historical Register, pp. 851-855, 1915.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1918. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Nebr. Blue Book and +Historical Register, pp. 407-411, December, 1918.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1919. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Univ. Nebr. Contrib. +Dept. Ent., 23:1-21, March 1, 1919.</span><br /> + +<span class="i4">1920. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Nebr. Blue Book and +Historical Register, pp. 479-483, December, 1920.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Taylor, W. P.</span><br /> +<span class="i4">1919. Notes on mammals collected principally in Washington and +California between the years 1853 and 1874 by Dr. James Graham +Cooper. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 9:69-121, July 12, 1919.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class="smcap">Zimmer, J. T.</span><br /> +<span class="i4">1913. A northwardly record of the free-tailed bat. Science (NS), +38:665-666, November 7, 1913.</span><br /> +</p> + +<p><i>Transmitted, March 27, 1952.</i></p> + + +<p class="center"><small>24-2965</small></p> + + + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan +Bats, by Olin L. Webb and J. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats + +Author: Olin L. Webb + J. Knox Jones + +Release Date: February 19, 2010 [EBook #31325] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ANNOTATED CHECKLIST--NEBRASKAN BATS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Diane Monico, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + + +An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats + +BY + +OLIN L. WEBB and J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +University of Kansas Publications +Museum of Natural History + +Volume 5, No. 21, pp. 269-279 +May 31, 1952 + + +University of Kansas +LAWRENCE +1952 + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, +Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson + +Volume 5, No. 21, pp. 269-279 +May 31, 1952 + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + +PRINTED BY +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1952 + +24-2965 + + + + +An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan Bats + +BY + +OLIN L. WEBB and J. KNOX JONES, JR. + + +HISTORY + +The first mention of bats in Nebraska possibly was by Harrison Allen, +in his "Monograph of the Bats of North America" (1864:14, 20, 30, 35, +42), who listed _Nycticejus crepuscularis_ [= _Nycticeius humeralis_], +_Lasiurus borealis_, _Scotophilus carolinensis_ and _Scotophilus +fuscus_ [both = _Eptesicus fuscus_], and _Scotophilus noctivagans_ [= +_Lasionycteris noctivagans_], as collected in "Nebraska" (then Nebraska +Territory) by J. G. Cooper. Henry W. Setzer (in _litt._) reports that +none of the bats collected by Cooper now exists in the United States +National Museum and that no data pertaining to any of them are +available except that a single specimen of _Nycticeius humeralis_ was +traded to the British Museum in 1866. Cooper journeyed through parts of +the present state of Nebraska in the summer and autumn of 1857 and, +judging from Taylor's (1919:72-80) report of Cooper's travels, this was +the only time he entered any part of Nebraska Territory. The writers +are of the opinion that the specimens in question probably were +collected in Nebraska; but since Allen listed no exact localities or +dates of collection and since the specimens and data pertaining to them +are not now available, we have not included them here as Nebraskan +records. + +In the first comprehensive account of Nebraskan mammals, Myron H. Swenk +(1908:137-139) listed six kinds of bats, _Myotis evotis_, _Myotis +californicus ciliolabrum_ [= _Myotis subulatus subulatus_], +_Lasionycteris noctivagans_, _Eptesicus fuscus_, _Lasiurus borealis_, +and _Lasiurus cinereus_, as occurring within the state. Zimmer +(1913:665) recorded _Nyctinomus mexicanus_ [= _Tadarida mexicana_] from +Nebraska. Subsequently, Swenk (1915:854) reported _Myotis lucifugus +lucifugus_ in the state and three years later (1918:411) he reported +_Eptesicus fuscus pallidus_ for the first time. The report of _M. l. +lucifugus_ seemingly was not substantiated by any actual specimens. The +addition of _Myotis volans interior_ (Quay, 1948:181) brought to ten +the number of species and subspecies of bats reported from the state. + +In the present paper, _Myotis keenii septentrionalis_, _Myotis +lucifugus carissima_, and _Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus_ are +reported from Nebraska for the first time. Also, the first authentic +record of _Myotis lucifugus lucifugus_ is presented, along with +additional information on previously reported species. A total number +of 169 specimens from Nebraska was available for the present study. +This includes almost all of the known specimens preserved in all +collections as well as material obtained by us in the past six years. + +Nebraska has no natural caves or caverns; however, there are two +extensive man-made limestone caves near Louisville, in Cass and Sarpy +counties, where four kinds of bats have been found. Two of these are +here reported as new to Nebraska. The quarries, one on either side of +the Platte River Valley, are in a horizontal stratum of limestone 40 +feet in thickness, and are of the room and pillar type; that is to say, +the stone has been quarried away leaving rooms having supporting +pillars approximately every 50 feet. The average temperatures in summer +and winter within these tunnels, recorded over a period of several +years by the Ash Grove Lime and Portland Cement Company of Louisville, +are 65 deg. F. and 50 deg. F. respectively. The Kiewit Stone Quarry, +abandoned since 1936, is one-half mile west of Meadow, Sarpy County, +and has one remaining entrance measuring approximately 30 by 30 feet. +This quarry has an area of approximately one-fifth square mile and is +usually flooded with several feet of water. The other man-made cave, +known formerly as the National Stone Quarry, is one mile northeast of +Louisville, Cass County. This quarry was abandoned in September, 1938, +and until the winter of 1948-1949 had eight or nine entrances and two +air shafts. It was approximately one-third square mile in area. All the +openings to this quarry were covered in late 1949. Bats were first +observed in the National Stone Quarry by one of us (Webb) as early as +1939, less than a year after operations in the quarry ceased. + + +METHODS AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS + + Records of Nebraskan bats are arranged in two categories; + specimens examined and additional records. The latter refer + to citations in the literature. Genera are arranged + according to Simpson (1945:59, 60), and species are listed + alphabetically under each genus. Specimens examined are in + the personal collection of the authors unless otherwise + indicated. + + In connection with this study the authors acknowledge the + assistance of Drs. Edson H. Fichter, Department of + Biological Sciences, Idaho State College, and E. Raymond + Hall and Rollin H. Baker, University of Kansas Museum of + Natural History for critical assistance with the manuscript. + We are indebted to Mr. Richard B. Loomis, University of + Kansas, for aid in collecting specimens; to Dr. Henry W. + Setzer, United States National Museum, for providing + information on possible early Nebraskan records; and to Mr. + Fred Brammer, Ash Grove Lime and Portland Cement Company, + Louisville, Nebraska, for information on, and permission to + collect in, the quarries of that area. For the loan of + specimens we are grateful to Dr. William H. Burt, University + of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Dr. C. Bertrand Schultz, + University of Nebraska State Museum, Dr. Otis Wade, + University of Nebraska Department of Zoology, Miss Lucille + Drury, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Mr. W. E. + Eigsti, Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebraska, and to those in + charge of the collections of the Nebraska Game, Forestation + and Parks Commission. + + +ACCOUNTS OF SPECIES + +~Myotis evotis evotis~ (H. Allen) + +Long-eared Myotis + + _Vespertilio evotis_ H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., + 165:48, June, 1864 (part), type from Monterey, Monterey Co., + California. + + _Myotis evotis_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:78, October 16, + 1897. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Pine Ridge area of northwestern + part of state. + + _Record of occurrence._--Specimen examined, 1, as follows: + SIOUX CO.: Warbonnet Canyon, 1 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.). + +_Remarks._--This specimen was taken by Merritt Cary on July 22, 1901. + + +~Myotis keenii septentrionalis~ (Trouessart) + +Eastern Long-eared Myotis + + [_Vespertilio gryphus_] var. _septentrionalis_ Trouessart, + Catal. Mamm. viv. foss., p. 131, 1897, type from Halifax, + Halifax Co., Nova Scotia. + + _Myotis keenii septentrionalis_, Miller and Allen, Bull. U. + S. Nat. Mus., 144:105, May 25, 1928. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known from limestone quarries + in Cass and Sarpy counties. Probably in other parts of + extreme eastern Nebraska. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 35, as + follows: CASS CO.: 1 mi. NE Louisville, 4. SARPY CO.: 1/2 + mi. W Meadow, 31 (some of these specimens have been + deposited in other collections as follows: Private + Collection of P. H. Krutzsch, 3; Private Collection of W. G. + Frum, 2; Nebr. Game, Forestation and Parks Comm., 1; Univ. + Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., 2; Univ. Nebr. State Mus., 7). + +_Remarks._--Although not so common as _Pipistrellus_ in the limestone +quarries, hibernating bats of this species frequently are found there, +usually as solitary individuals either in drill holes or clinging to +the walls of the quarries; occasionally, however, two or three bats +have been found together in a single drill hole. + + +~Myotis lucifugus carissima~ Thomas + +Brown Myotis + + _Myotis (Leuconoe) carissima_ Thomas, Ann. and Mag. Nat. + Hist., (ser. 7), 13:383, May, 1904, type from Yellowstone + Lake, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. + + _Myotis lucifugus carissima_, Cary, N. Amer. Fauna, 42:43, + October 3, 1917. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known from a single record in + extreme northwestern Nebraska, but probably occurs + throughout Panhandle of state. + + _Record of occurrence._--Specimen examined, 1, as follows: + SIOUX CO.: Agate, 1 (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool.). + + +~Myotis lucifugus lucifugus~ (Le Conte) + +Brown Myotis + + _V[espertilio]. lucifugus_ Le Conte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, + Animal Kingdom, 1:431, June, 1831, type from Georgia, + probably from the Le Conte Plantation, near Riceboro, + Liberty County. + + _Myotis lucifugus [lucifugus]_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, + 13:59, October 16, 1897. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known only from the limestone + quarry in Sarpy County, but probably occurs over most of + eastern third of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2, as follows: + SARPY CO.: 1/2 mi. W Meadow, 2 (Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. + Hist., 1). + +_Remarks._--Two bats of this subspecies were found in the quarry in +Sarpy County on December 30, 1949. None was found on subsequent visits +to the quarry, although three other species of bats have been found +there in large numbers. These specimens appear to be the first actual +records of _M. l. lucifugus_ in the state, although Swenk (1915:854, +and in subsequent lists) reported it as "uncommon eastwardly". + +One of these bats, a male (KU 35076), possesses a peculiar dental +abnormality. Both of the second upper premolars (P3) are lacking, +although the mandibular dentition is normal. This condition has been +reported previously for this species by Frum (1946:176) in specimens +from West Virginia. + + +~Myotis subulatus subulatus~ (Say) + +Small-footed Myotis + + _Vespertilio subulatus_ Say, Long's Exped. to Rocky Mts., + 2:65 (footnote), 1823, type from the Arkansas River near La + Junta, Otero Co., Colorado. + + _Myotis subulatus_, Warren, The Mammals of Colorado, G. P. + Putnam's Sons, New York, 1910. p. 275. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Northern and western Nebraska. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 9, as follows: + CHERRY CO.: Valentine, 1 (Univ. Nebr. Dept. Zool.). SHERIDAN + CO.: Rushville, 1; 15 mi. N Rushville, 2. SIOUX CO.: Agate, + 1 (Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist.); Monroe Canyon, 5-1/2 mi. + N, 2-1/2 mi. W Harrison, 2 (Nebr. Game, Forestation and + Parks Comm.); Warbonnet Canyon, 2 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.). + + Additional records: DAKOTA CO.: Crystal Lake, 1 (Stephens, + 1945:92). DAWES CO.: Chadron, 1 (Miller and Allen, + 1928:169). SIOUX CO.: Antelope Township, 1 (Quay, 1948:181); + Sugarloaf Township, 1 (Quay, 1948:181). + +_Remarks._--This bat is common along the Niobrara River in the +northwestern part of the state. Stephens (_loc. cit._) reports taking +a bat of this species in Dakota County in the northeastern corner of +Nebraska. This specimen was sent to Swenk at the University of Nebraska +for positive identification and was, according to Stephens, deposited +in the Swenk collection. No trace of the specimen can be found at the +present time. It is here assigned to _M. s. subulatus_. + +_M. s. subulatus_ has been observed frequently in the Pine Ridge area, +generally in association with _Eptesicus fuscus pallidus_. Two +specimens were shot by us from many that were seen flying over a small +clearing in the pines in northern Sioux County on August 2, 1949. +Several _Eptesicus_ were also obtained there. One of us (Webb) took two +of these bats from their daytime retreat in a barn north of Rushville, +Sheridan County, on September 5, 1951, where _Eptesicus_ was also +found. They are known to inhabit hay barns at the Ft. Niobrara Game +Reserve, Cherry County, also in association with _Eptesicus_. Swenk +(1908:137) reports finding two of these bats under a loose strip of +pine bark in Sioux County. + + +~Myotis volans interior~ Miller + +Hairy-winged Myotis + + _Myotis longricus interior_ Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. + Washington, 27:211, October 31, 1914, type from Twining, + Taos Co., New Mexico. + + _Myotis volans interior_, Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. + Mus., 144:142, May 25, 1928. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Badlands area of extreme + northwestern part of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2, as follows: + SIOUX CO.: Warbonnet Township, 8 mi. N Harrison, 2 + (Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist.). + +_Remarks._--Quay (1948:181) reported finding a colony of approximately +180 of these bats in northern Sioux County in the summer of 1944. They +were found in a crevice in a dry creek bed. He examined several dozen, +all females, two of which were saved as specimens. + +The authors, while engaged in field work in this approximate locality +in the summers of 1948 and 1949, were unable to locate any of these +bats. + + +~Lasionycteris noctivagans~ (Le Conte) + +Silver-haired Bat + + _V[espertilio], noctivagans_ Le Conte, McMurtrie's Cuvier, + Animal Kingdom, 1:431, June, 1831, type from eastern United + States. + + _Lasionycteris noctivagans_, Peters, Monatsber. k. preuss. + Akad. Wissensch. Berlin, p. 648, 1865. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--"Entire state, fairly common + during migrations but probably not breeding within our + limits" (Swenk, 1908:138). + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2, as follows: + CLAY CO.: Inland, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebraska). + FRANKLIN CO.: Campbell, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, + Nebraska). + + Additional records (Swenk, 1908:138): CUMING CO.: West + Point. DOUGLAS CO.: Omaha. LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln. County + undesignated: "Platte River". + + +~Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus~ (F. Cuvier) + +Eastern Pipistrelle + + _V[espertilio]. subflavus_ F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. + Nat. Paris, 1:17, 1832, type from eastern United States, + probably Georgia. + + _Pipistrellus subflavus_, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:90, + October 16, 1897. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known from limestone quarries + in Cass and Sarpy counties; probably ranging throughout + eastern Nebraska. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 34, as + follows: CASS CO.: 1 mi. NE Louisville, 4. SARPY CO.: 1/2 + mi. W Meadow, 30 (some of these specimens have been + deposited in other collections as follows: Private + Collection of P. H. Krutzsch, 3; Private Collection of W. G. + Frum, 2; Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist., 4; Univ. Nebr. State + Mus., 4). + +_Remarks._--This bat is the most common of the four species that are +known to inhabit the quarries in Cass and Sarpy counties. Individuals +have been found both in drill holes and clinging to the walls of the +quarries. We have always found this bat to be solitary while in +hibernation. + + +~Eptesicus fuscus fuscus~ (Beauvois) + +Big Brown Bat + + _Vespertilio fuscus_ Beauvois, Catal. Raisonne Mus. Peale, + Philadelphia, p. 18, 1796, type from Philadelphia, + Philadelphia Co., Pennsylvania. + + _Eptesicus fuscus_, Mehely, Magyarorszag denevereinek + monographiaja (Monographia Chiropterorum Hungariae), pp. + 206, 338, 1900. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Eastern part of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 23, as + follows: ADAMS CO.: Hastings, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, + Nebraska). CASS CO.: 1 mi. NE Louisville, 6; Plattsmouth, 1 + (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.). SARPY CO.: 1/2 mi. W Meadow, 15 + (Univ. Nebr. State Mus., 7). + +_Remarks._--We have observed this bat hibernating in the limestone +quarries of Cass and Sarpy counties, where it was commonly found in +drill holes or clinging to the ceiling or walls. We have always found +this bat to be solitary while in hibernation, with one exception. On +January 31, 1949, a male and female were found in the same drill hole +in the Cass County quarry. The jolt of being knocked from the hole +separated the two bats, and upon examination the penis of the male was +noted to be extended and erected, indicating that the pair might have +been in the act of copulation. + + +~Eptesicus fuscus pallidus~ Young + +Big Brown Bat + + _Eptesicus pallidus_ Young, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. + Philadelphia, p. 408, October 2, 1908, type from Boulder, + Boulder Co., Colorado. + + _Eptesicus fuscus pallidus_, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., + 79:62, December 31, 1912. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Western half of state. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 34, as + follows: CHERRY CO.: Ft. Niobrara Game Reserve, 19 (Nebr. + Game, Forestation and Parks Comm., 17); Valentine, 2 (Univ. + Nebr. Dept. Zool.). DAWES CO.: 10 mi. S Chadron, 1 (Univ. + Mich. Mus. Zool.). KNOX CO.: Niobrara, 1. SHERIDAN CO.: 15 + mi. N Rushville, 2. SIOUX CO.: Glen, 1 (Univ. Nebr. State + Mus.); Monroe Canyon, 5-1/2 mi. N, 2-1/2 mi. W Harrison, 1 + (Nebr. Game, Forestation and Parks Comm.); Warbonnet Canyon, + 7 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.). + +_Remarks._--A colony of approximately 100 of these bats was discovered +in the unused portion of a barn loft at Ft. Niobrara Game Reserve on +August 11, 1948. Although no temperature readings were taken, it was +estimated that the temperature was more than 100 deg. F. in the loft. The +bats were congregated on rafters at the north end of the barn and when +disturbed, only a few members of the colony dropped from the rafters to +fly. Most of the bats crawled to new retreats between the rafters and +the corrugated iron roof of the building. + + +~Lasiurus borealis borealis~ (Mueller) + +Red Bat + + _Vespertilio borealis_ Mueller, Natursyst. Suppl., p. 20, + 1776, type from New York. + + _Lasiurus borealis_ [_borealis_], Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, + 13:105, October 16, 1897. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--State-wide in suitable habitat. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 14, as + follows: LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln, 13 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus., + 11; Univ. Nebr. Dept. Zool., 1). RICHARDSON CO.: 3 mi. SE + Rulo, 1 (Nebr. Game, Forestation, and Parks Comm.). + + Additional records (Swenk, 1908:139): CUMING CO.: West + Point. DOUGLAS CO.: Omaha. LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln. OTOE CO.: + Nebraska City. RICHARDSON CO.: Humboldt. + + +~Lasiurus cinereus cinereus~ (Beauvois) + +Hoary Bat + + _Vespertilio cinereus_ (misspelled _linereus_) Beauvois, + Catal. Raisonne Mus. Peale, Philadelphia, p. 18, 1796, type + from Philadelphia, Philadelphia Co., Pennsylvania. + + _Lasiurus cinereus_, H. Allen, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., + 17:21, June, 1864. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--State-wide in suitable habitat. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 11, as + follows: CLAY CO.: Inland, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, + Nebraska). CUSTER CO.: Broken Bow, 2 (Univ. Mich. Mus. + Zool.); Victoria Springs, 1 (Univ. Mich. Mus. Zool.). FURNAS + CO.: Wilsonville, 1 (Hastings Museum, Hastings, Nebraska). + LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln, 6 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus., 5; Univ. + Nebr. Dept. Zool., 1). + + Additional records: CUMING CO.: West Point (Swenk, + 1908:139). DOUGLAS CO.: Omaha (Swenk, 1908:139). GAGE CO.: + Beatrice (Swenk, 1908:139). LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln (Swenk, + 1908:139). County undesignated: Loup Fork (Miller, + 1897:114). + + +~Tadarida mexicana~ (Saussure) + +Mexican Free-tailed Bat + + _Molossus mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, + Ser. 2, 12:283, July, 1860, type from Cofre de Perote, + 13,000 feet, state of Veracruz, Mexico. + + _Tadarida mexicana_, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 128:86, + April 29, 1924. + + _Distribution in Nebraska._--Known only from Lincoln, + Lancaster County. + + _Records of occurrence._--Specimen examined, 1, as follows: + LANCASTER CO.: Lincoln, 1 (Univ. Nebr. State Mus.). + + Additional record (Zimmer, 1913:665): LANCASTER CO.: + Lincoln. + +_Remarks._--The Mexican free-tailed bat is probably rare in Nebraska. +The single specimen examined by us was obtained on June 27, 1931, from +a downtown business building in Lincoln. According to the label on the +specimen, it died in captivity on June 29 after giving birth to one +young on June 28. The bat reported by Zimmer (_loc. cit._) was also +taken in the business district of Lincoln. It was obtained on August +15, 1913. + +In addition to the bats named above, six other kinds possibly occur in +Nebraska. These, along with an indication of the part of the state in +which each is to be looked for, are as follows: + + _Myotis grisescens_ Howell, southeastern part of state. + + _Myotis sodalis_ Miller and Allen, southeastern part of + state. + + _Myotis thysanodes thysanodes_ Miller, northwestern part of + state. + + _Nycticeus humeralis humeralis_ (Rafinesque), southeastern + part of state. + + _Corynorhinus rafinesquii pallescens_ (Miller), northwestern + part of state. + + _Tadarida molossa_ (Pallas), any part of state. + + +LITERATURE CITED + +ALLEN, H. + 1864. Monograph of the bats of North America. Smithsonian Misc. + Coll., 165:xxiii + 85, June, 1864. + +FRUM, W. G. + 1946. Abnormality in dentition of _Myotis lucifugus_. Jour. + Mamm., 27:176, May 14, 1946. + +MILLER, G. S., JR. + 1897. Revision of the North American bats of the family + Vespertilionidae. N. Amer. Fauna, 13:1-138, October 16, 1897. + +MILLER, G. S., JR., and G. M. ALLEN + 1928. The American bats of the genera _Myotis_ and _Pizonyx_. + Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:viii + 218, May 25, 1928. + +QUAY, W. B. + 1948. Notes on some bats from Nebraska and Wyoming. Jour. Mamm., + 29:181-182, May 14, 1948. + +SIMPSON, G. G. + 1945. The principles of classification and a classification of + mammals. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 85:xvi + 350, + October 5, 1945. + +STEPHENS, T. C. + 1945. Say's bat in Nebraska. Jour. Mamm., 26:92, February 27, 1945. + +SWENK, M. H. + 1908. A preliminary review of the mammals of Nebraska. Proc. Nebr. + Acad. Sci., 8:61-144, 1908. + + 1915. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Nebr. Blue Book and + Historical Register, pp. 851-855, 1915. + + 1918. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Nebr. Blue Book and + Historical Register, pp. 407-411, December, 1918. + + 1919. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Univ. Nebr. Contrib. + Dept. Ent., 23:1-21, March 1, 1919. + + 1920. The birds and mammals of Nebraska. Nebr. Blue Book and + Historical Register, pp. 479-483, December, 1920. + +TAYLOR, W. P. + 1919. Notes on mammals collected principally in Washington and + California between the years 1853 and 1874 by Dr. James Graham + Cooper. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., 9:69-121, July 12, 1919. + +ZIMMER, J. T. + 1913. A northwardly record of the free-tailed bat. Science (NS), + 38:665-666, November 7, 1913. + +_Transmitted, March 27, 1952._ + + +24-2965 + + + + * * * * * + +Transcriber's Notes + +Italicized text is shown within _underscores_. + +Bold text is shown within ~tildes~. + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of An Annotated Checklist of Nebraskan +Bats, by Olin L. Webb and J. 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