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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/31088-8.txt b/31088-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fa12aef --- /dev/null +++ b/31088-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,635 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Taxonomy and Distribution of Some American +Shrews, by James S Findley + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Taxonomy and Distribution of Some American Shrews + +Author: James S Findley + +Release Date: January 26, 2010 [EBook #31088] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN SHREWS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph R. Hauser, Joseph Cooper +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 7, No. 14, pp. 613-618 + +June 10, 1955 + + + + +Taxonomy and Distribution +of Some American Shrews + +BY + +JAMES S. FINDLEY + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +LAWRENCE +1955 + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, +Robert W. Wilson + +Volume 7, No. 14, pp. 613-618 +Published June 10, 1955 + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + + + +PRINTED BY +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1955 + +25-7329 + + + + +Taxonomy and Distribution of Some American Shrews + +by James S. Findley + + +_=Sorex cinereus ohionensis=_ Bole and Moulthrop.--In their description of +this subspecies from Ohio, Bole and Moulthrop (1942:89-95) made no +mention of specimens in the United States Biological Surveys Collection +from Ellsworth and Milford Center, Ohio, which stand in the literature +(see Jackson, 1928:49) as _Sorex cinereus cinereus_. These two +localities lie south of the geographic range ascribed to _S. c. +ohionensis_ by Bole and Moulthrop. Examination of the two specimens, +United States Biological Surveys Collection, Catalogue No. 70566, and +United States National Museum, No. 19434, respectively, both of which +are alcoholics, reveals that they are referable to the subspecies +_ohionensis_ rather than to _S. c. cinereus_. This reference is made on +the basis of small size, short tail (33 and 31 millimeters, +respectively), and fourth upper unicuspid as large as third (the +specimen from Milford Center lacks the skull). The occurrence at Milford +Center provides a southward extension of known range for _S. c. +ohionensis_ of approximately 70 miles. _S. c. cinereus_ seems not to +occur in Ohio. + +_=Cryptotis micrura=_ (Tomes).--Davis (1944:376) assigned a _Cryptotis_ +from Boca del Río, Veracruz, to _Cryptotis parva berlandieri_ (Baird). +Comparison of this specimen, Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collections, No. +2765, with 8 specimens of _C. micrura_ from various parts of northern +Veracruz and with 9 _C. parva_ from southern Tamaulipas reveals that the +shrew from Boca del Río is referable to _Cryptotis micrura_. The series +of 8 specimens in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History +from Altamira, Tamaulipas, provides the southernmost known record of +_Cryptotis parva berlandieri_. These 8 specimens are typical of _C. p. +berlandieri_ and show no approach to _C. micrura_. Average and extreme +cranial measurements of 7 specimens from 1 mi. S Altamira are: +condylobasal length, 15.6 (15.2-16.1); palatal length, 6.6 (6.4-6.7); +maxillary tooth-row, 5.7 (5.4-5.8); cranial breadth, 7.6 (7.4-8.0); +least interorbital breadth, 3.5 (3.4-3.7); maxillary breadth, 5.0 +(4.8-5.2). Cranial measurements of 8 specimens of _C. micrura_ from +various localities in northern Veracruz (1 km. E Mecayucan, 1; 7 km. NNW +Cerro Gordo, 3; Teocelo, 2; 7 km. W El Brinco, 1; 5 km. N Jalapa, 1) +are: condylobasal length, 17.1 (16.6-17.4); palatal length, 7.1 +(6.9-7.4); maxillary tooth-row, 6.2 (5.9-6.4); cranial breadth, 8.5 +(8.3-8.6); least interorbital breadth, 3.7 (3.6-4.1); maxillary breadth, +5.3 (5.1-5.6). _C. parva_ and _C. micrura_ may intergrade but a distance +of 140 miles separates the geographic ranges as now known of the two +kinds and every specimen examined by me is clearly referable to one or +the other of the two named kinds and shows no evidence of +intergradation. + +_=Notiosorex crawfordi crawfordi=_ Baird.--A specimen in the Museum of +Natural History from Jaumave, and one from Palmillas, Tamaulipas, +collected by Gerd Heinrich, provide records of the easternmost margin of +the range of this species in Mexico. Assignment is made to the +subspecies _crawfordi_ on geographic grounds. The two specimens differ +from a male from 13 mi. S and 15 mi. W Guadalajara, Jalisco, referred +(Twente and Baker, 1951:121) to _N. c. evotis_ (Coues) in slightly +larger size; however two skulls from owl pellets from 21 mi. SW +Guadalajara, also referred to _evotis_ (_loc. cit._), seem to me to +differ in no important way from skulls of the Tamaulipan specimens. +Measurements of the Tamaulipan specimens, both females, 54932 KU and +54933 KU, are respectively: condylobasal length, --, 16.7; palatal +length, --, 7.2; maxillary tooth-row, 6.6, 6.1; cranial breadth, 8.3, +8.1; least interorbital breadth, --, 3.5; maxillary breadth, --, 5.1; +total length, 90, 90; tail, 28, 30; hind foot, 11.0, 11.5; ear, 8, 8. + +The only other eastern Mexican record of _N. crawfordi_ is based on two +skulls from owl pellets collected 3 mi. NW Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila +(Baker, 1953:253). + +_=Sorex oreopolus emarginatus=_ Jackson.--A first-year female _Sorex_, KU +54346, obtained by Rollin H. Baker from 7 mi. SW Las Adjuntas, 8900 ft., +Durango, seems closest, among Mexican shrews that I have examined, to +two specimens of _S. emarginatus_ from Plateado, 7600 to 8500 ft., +Zacatecas. Measurements of the Las Adjuntas specimen are: total length, +88; tail, 39; hind foot, 13; palatal length, 7.2; maxillary tooth-row, +6.4; maxillary breadth, 4.9; least interorbital breadth, 3.6. + +_Sorex emarginatus_ previously was known only from Plateado and the type +locality, Bolanos, Jalisco. Comparison of these three specimens with +specimens of other species of Mexican shrews of the _S. saussurei_ group +leads me to conclude that the group contains two species rather than +four as was previously thought. _Sorex emarginatus_, _S. ventralis_, and +_S. oreopolus_ seem to me to be conspecific. All three nominal species +are relatively small, short-tailed shrews. The skulls of the three kinds +resemble one another in relatively short rostrum and in dental details. +Slight differences in cranial proportions differentiate the three and +they should, until more specimens of each are obtained and studied, +retain subspecific rank. The specific name, _Sorex oreopolus_ Merriam +1892, should apply to the three kinds since it antedates the names +_ventralis_ and _emarginatus_. The two names last given, therefore, +should stand as _Sorex oreopolus ventralis_ Merriam and _Sorex oreopolus +emarginatus_ Jackson. The two species, the large _S. saussurei_, and the +small _S. oreopolus_, as the latter is here understood, occur together +over an extensive region in southern Mexico. In other parts of North +America a large and a small species of _Sorex_ often occur together in a +given area. + +The Las Adjuntas specimen was taken only 10 miles southwest of El Salto, +Durango, the type locality of _S. durangae_ Jackson. Jackson (1928:101) +placed _durangae_ in the _Sorex vagrans-obscurus_ species group, but the +two specimens available to him were second year adults with the teeth so +much worn that diagnostic characters are not visible on them. I have +examined these two specimens (United States Biological Surveys +Collection 94539 and 94540) and find that in bodily and cranial +proportions they resemble _Sorex s. saussurei_, and I so assign them. + +_=Sorex milleri=_ Jackson.--Koestner (1941:10) reported 5 _Sorex_ from +Cerro Potosí, near La Jolla, Municipio de Galeana, Nuevo Leon, as _Sorex +emarginatus_. Comparison of 4 of these specimens (Chicago Museum of +Natural History, 48227, 48228, 48229, 48230) with two _S. emarginatus_ +from Plateado, Zacatecas, and specimens of other species of _Sorex_ +indicates that the Cerro Potosí shrews differ in many features from +_emarginatus_, but closely resemble, in size and cranial characters, a +specimen (F. W. Miller, No. 20) of _S. milleri_ from Sierra del Carmen, +Coahuila, and seems to be referable to that species which was not named +when Koestner (_loc. cit._) recorded his specimen. The range of _S. +milleri_ is therefore extended southwestward to western central Nuevo +Leon. + +Comparison of _S. milleri_ with specimens of other species of North +American _Sorex_ leads me to conclude that _S. milleri_ is most closely +related to_ S. cinereus_ Kerr, and should be included in the _S. +cinereus_ group rather than in the _S. vagrans-obscurus_ group. _Sorex +cinereus_ and _S. milleri_ are alike, and both differ from even the +smallest _S. vagrans_ in relatively long and narrow rostrum, narrow +teeth, smaller skull, and in having the third upper unicuspid more often +equal to or smaller than, rather than larger than, the fourth unicuspid. + +I judge _S. milleri_ to be a relict population of _S. cinereus_, +isolated in the mountains of northeastern Mexico, probably in the late +Pleistocene. _Sorex cinereus_ reported from Pleistocene deposits in San +Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon (Findley, 1953:635), probably represents a +population ancestral to the modern _S. milleri_. _Sorex milleri_ should +retain specific status because of constant cranial differences from _S. +cinereus_, particularly relatively broader rostrum. + + +LITERATURE CITED + +BAKER, R. H. + + 1953. Mammals from owl pellets taken in Coahuila, Mexico. Trans. + Kansas Acad. Sci., 56:253-254. + +BOLE, B. P., and P. N. MOULTHROP. + + 1942. The Ohio Recent mammal collection in the Cleveland Museum of + Natural History. Sci. Publs. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:83-181, + September 11. + +DAVIS, W. B. + + 1944. Notes on Mexican mammals. Jour. Mamm., 25:370-403, December + 12. + +FINDLEY, J. S. + + 1953. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:635-639, December 1. + +JACKSON, H. H. T. + + 1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews (Genera + Sorex and Microsorex). N. Amer. Fauna, 51:I-VI, 1-238, 13 pls., 24 + text figs., July 24. + +KOESTNER, E. J. + + 1941. An annotated list of mammals collected in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, + in 1938. Great Basin Nat., 2:9-15, February 20. + +TWENTE, J. H., and R. H. BAKER. + + 1951. New records of mammals from Jalisco, Mexico, from barn owl + pellets. Jour. Mamm., 32:120-121, February 15. + + +25-7329 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Taxonomy and Distribution of Some +American Shrews, by James S Findley + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN SHREWS *** + +***** This file should be named 31088-8.txt or 31088-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/0/8/31088/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph R. Hauser, Joseph Cooper +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Findley. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[*/ +<!-- + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + /*]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Taxonomy and Distribution of Some American +Shrews, by James S Findley + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Taxonomy and Distribution of Some American Shrews + +Author: James S Findley + +Release Date: January 26, 2010 [EBook #31088] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN SHREWS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph R. Hauser, Joseph Cooper +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<h3><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications<br /> +Museum of Natural History</span></h3> + +<h4>Volume 7, No. 14, pp. 613-618<br /> +June 10, 1955</h4> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h1>Taxonomy and Distribution<br /> +of Some American Shrews</h1> + +<h4>BY</h4> + +<h2>JAMES S. FINDLEY</h2> + + +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas<br /> +Lawrence</span><br /> +1955</h4> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History</span><br /><br /> + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard,<br /> +Robert W. Wilson<br /><br /> + +Volume 7, No. 14, pp. 613-618<br /> +Published June 10, 1955</h4> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<h4><span class="smcap">University of Kansas</span><br /> +Lawrence, Kansas</h4> + + +<h6>PRINTED BY<br /> +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER<br /> +TOPEKA, KANSAS<br /> +1955<br /><br /> +25-7329</h6> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_615" id="Page_615">[Pg 615]</a></span> +</div> +<h2>Taxonomy and Distribution<br /> +of Some American Shrews</h2> + +<h4>by James S. Findley</h4> + + +<p><i><b>Sorex cinereus ohionensis</b></i> Bole and Moulthrop.—In their description of +this subspecies from Ohio, Bole and Moulthrop (1942:89-95) made no +mention of specimens in the United States Biological Surveys Collection +from Ellsworth and Milford Center, Ohio, which stand in the literature +(see Jackson, 1928:49) as <i>Sorex cinereus cinereus</i>. These two +localities lie south of the geographic range ascribed to <i>S. c. +ohionensis</i> by Bole and Moulthrop. Examination of the two specimens, +United States Biological Surveys Collection, Catalogue No. 70566, and +United States National Museum, No. 19434, respectively, both of which +are alcoholics, reveals that they are referable to the subspecies +<i>ohionensis</i> rather than to <i>S. c. cinereus</i>. This reference is made on +the basis of small size, short tail (33 and 31 millimeters, +respectively), and fourth upper unicuspid as large as third (the +specimen from Milford Center lacks the skull). The occurrence at Milford +Center provides a southward extension of known range for <i>S. c. +ohionensis</i> of approximately 70 miles. <i>S. c. cinereus</i> seems not to +occur in Ohio.</p> + +<p><i><b>Cryptotis micrura</b></i> (Tomes).—Davis (1944:376) assigned a <i>Cryptotis</i> +from Boca del Río, Veracruz, to <i>Cryptotis parva berlandieri</i> (Baird). +Comparison of this specimen, Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collections, No. +2765, with 8 specimens of <i>C. micrura</i> from various parts of northern +Veracruz and with 9 <i>C. parva</i> from southern Tamaulipas reveals that the +shrew from Boca del Río is referable to <i>Cryptotis micrura</i>. The series +of 8 specimens in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History +from Altamira, Tamaulipas, provides the southernmost known record of +<i>Cryptotis parva berlandieri</i>. These 8 specimens are typical of <i>C. p. +berlandieri</i> and show no approach to <i>C. micrura</i>. Average and extreme +cranial measurements of 7 specimens from 1 mi. S Altamira are: +condylobasal length, 15.6 (15.2-16.1); palatal length, 6.6 (6.4-6.7); +maxillary tooth-row, 5.7 (5.4-5.8); cranial breadth, 7.6 (7.4-8.0); +least interorbital breadth, 3.5 (3.4-3.7); maxillary breadth, 5.0 +(4.8-5.2). Cranial measurements of 8 specimens of <i>C. micrura</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_616" id="Page_616">[Pg 616]</a></span> from +various localities in northern Veracruz (1 km. E Mecayucan, 1; 7 km. NNW +Cerro Gordo, 3; Teocelo, 2; 7 km. W El Brinco, 1; 5 km. N Jalapa, 1) +are: condylobasal length, 17.1 (16.6-17.4); palatal length, 7.1 +(6.9-7.4); maxillary tooth-row, 6.2 (5.9-6.4); cranial breadth, 8.5 +(8.3-8.6); least interorbital breadth, 3.7 (3.6-4.1); maxillary breadth, +5.3 (5.1-5.6). <i>C. parva</i> and <i>C. micrura</i> may intergrade but a distance +of 140 miles separates the geographic ranges as now known of the two +kinds and every specimen examined by me is clearly referable to one or +the other of the two named kinds and shows no evidence of +intergradation.</p> + +<p><i><b>Notiosorex crawfordi crawfordi</b></i> Baird.—A specimen in the Museum of +Natural History from Jaumave, and one from Palmillas, Tamaulipas, +collected by Gerd Heinrich, provide records of the easternmost margin of +the range of this species in Mexico. Assignment is made to the +subspecies <i>crawfordi</i> on geographic grounds. The two specimens differ +from a male from 13 mi. S and 15 mi. W Guadalajara, Jalisco, referred +(Twente and Baker, 1951:121) to <i>N. c. evotis</i> (Coues) in slightly +larger size; however two skulls from owl pellets from 21 mi. SW +Guadalajara, also referred to <i>evotis</i> (<i>loc. cit.</i>), seem to me to +differ in no important way from skulls of the Tamaulipan specimens. +Measurements of the Tamaulipan specimens, both females, 54932 KU and +54933 KU, are respectively: condylobasal length, —, 16.7; palatal +length, —, 7.2; maxillary tooth-row, 6.6, 6.1; cranial breadth, 8.3, +8.1; least interorbital breadth, —, 3.5; maxillary breadth, —, 5.1; +total length, 90, 90; tail, 28, 30; hind foot, 11.0, 11.5; ear, 8, 8.</p> + +<p>The only other eastern Mexican record of <i>N. crawfordi</i> is based on two +skulls from owl pellets collected 3 mi. NW Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila +(Baker, 1953:253).</p> + +<p><i><b>Sorex oreopolus emarginatus</b></i> Jackson.—A first-year female <i>Sorex</i>, KU +54346, obtained by Rollin H. Baker from 7 mi. SW Las Adjuntas, 8900 ft., +Durango, seems closest, among Mexican shrews that I have examined, to +two specimens of <i>S. emarginatus</i> from Plateado, 7600 to 8500 ft., +Zacatecas. Measurements of the Las Adjuntas specimen are: total length, +88; tail, 39; hind foot, 13; palatal length, 7.2; maxillary tooth-row, +6.4; maxillary breadth, 4.9; least interorbital breadth, 3.6.</p> + +<p><i>Sorex emarginatus</i> previously was known only from Plateado and the type +locality, Bolanos, Jalisco. Comparison of these three specimens with +specimens of other species of Mexican shrews of the <i>S. saussurei</i> group +leads me to conclude that the group contains<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_617" id="Page_617">[Pg 617]</a></span> two species rather than +four as was previously thought. <i>Sorex emarginatus</i>, <i>S. ventralis</i>, and +<i>S. oreopolus</i> seem to me to be conspecific. All three nominal species +are relatively small, short-tailed shrews. The skulls of the three kinds +resemble one another in relatively short rostrum and in dental details. +Slight differences in cranial proportions differentiate the three and +they should, until more specimens of each are obtained and studied, +retain subspecific rank. The specific name, <i>Sorex oreopolus</i> Merriam +1892, should apply to the three kinds since it antedates the names +<i>ventralis</i> and <i>emarginatus</i>. The two names last given, therefore, +should stand as <i>Sorex oreopolus ventralis</i> Merriam and <i>Sorex oreopolus +emarginatus</i> Jackson. The two species, the large <i>S. saussurei</i>, and the +small <i>S. oreopolus</i>, as the latter is here understood, occur together +over an extensive region in southern Mexico. In other parts of North +America a large and a small species of <i>Sorex</i> often occur together in a +given area.</p> + +<p>The Las Adjuntas specimen was taken only 10 miles southwest of El Salto, +Durango, the type locality of <i>S. durangae</i> Jackson. Jackson (1928:101) +placed <i>durangae</i> in the <i>Sorex vagrans-obscurus</i> species group, but the +two specimens available to him were second year adults with the teeth so +much worn that diagnostic characters are not visible on them. I have +examined these two specimens (United States Biological Surveys +Collection 94539 and 94540) and find that in bodily and cranial +proportions they resemble <i>Sorex s. saussurei</i>, and I so assign them.</p> + +<p><i><b>Sorex milleri</b></i> Jackson.—Koestner (1941:10) reported 5 <i>Sorex</i> from +Cerro Potosí, near La Jolla, Municipio de Galeana, Nuevo Leon, as <i>Sorex +emarginatus</i>. Comparison of 4 of these specimens (Chicago Museum of +Natural History, 48227, 48228, 48229, 48230) with two <i>S. emarginatus</i> +from Plateado, Zacatecas, and specimens of other species of <i>Sorex</i> +indicates that the Cerro Potosí shrews differ in many features from +<i>emarginatus</i>, but closely resemble, in size and cranial characters, a +specimen (F. W. Miller, No. 20) of <i>S. milleri</i> from Sierra del Carmen, +Coahuila, and seems to be referable to that species which was not named +when Koestner (<i>loc. cit.</i>) recorded his specimen. The range of <i>S. +milleri</i> is therefore extended southwestward to western central Nuevo +Leon.</p> + +<p>Comparison of <i>S. milleri</i> with specimens of other species of North +American <i>Sorex</i> leads me to conclude that <i>S. milleri</i> is most closely +related to<i> S. cinereus</i> Kerr, and should be included in the <i>S. +cinereus</i> group rather than in the <i>S. vagrans-obscurus</i> group.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_618" id="Page_618">[Pg 618]</a></span> <i>Sorex +cinereus</i> and <i>S. milleri</i> are alike, and both differ from even the +smallest <i>S. vagrans</i> in relatively long and narrow rostrum, narrow +teeth, smaller skull, and in having the third upper unicuspid more often +equal to or smaller than, rather than larger than, the fourth unicuspid.</p> + +<p>I judge <i>S. milleri</i> to be a relict population of <i>S. cinereus</i>, +isolated in the mountains of northeastern Mexico, probably in the late +Pleistocene. <i>Sorex cinereus</i> reported from Pleistocene deposits in San +Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon (Findley, 1953:635), probably represents a +population ancestral to the modern <i>S. milleri</i>. <i>Sorex milleri</i> should +retain specific status because of constant cranial differences from <i>S. +cinereus</i>, particularly relatively broader rostrum.</p> + + +<p>LITERATURE CITED</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Baker, R. H.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1953. Mammals from owl pellets taken in Coahuila, Mexico. Trans. +Kansas Acad. Sci., 56:253-254.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Bole, B. P.</span>, and <span class="smcap">P. N. Moulthrop</span>.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1942. The Ohio Recent mammal collection in the Cleveland Museum of +Natural History. Sci. Publs. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:83-181, +September 11.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Davis, W. B.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1944. Notes on Mexican mammals. Jour. Mamm., 25:370-403, December +12.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Findley, J. S.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1953. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, +Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:635-639, December 1.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Jackson, H. H. T.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews (Genera +Sorex and Microsorex). N. Amer. Fauna, 51:I-VI, 1-238, 13 pls., 24 +text figs., July 24.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Koestner, E. J.</span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1941. An annotated list of mammals collected in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, +in 1938. Great Basin Nat., 2:9-15, February 20.</p></div> + +<p><span class="smcap">Twente, J. H.</span>, and <span class="smcap">R. H. Baker</span>.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>1951. New records of mammals from Jalisco, Mexico, from barn owl +pellets. Jour. Mamm., 32:120-121, February 15.</p></div> + + + + +<p class="center"> +25-7329<br /> +</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Taxonomy and Distribution of Some +American Shrews, by James S Findley + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN SHREWS *** + +***** This file should be named 31088-h.htm or 31088-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/0/8/31088/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph R. Hauser, Joseph Cooper +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Taxonomy and Distribution of Some American Shrews + +Author: James S Findley + +Release Date: January 26, 2010 [EBook #31088] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN SHREWS *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph R. Hauser, Joseph Cooper +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS +MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Volume 7, No. 14, pp. 613-618 + +June 10, 1955 + + + + +Taxonomy and Distribution +of Some American Shrews + +BY + +JAMES S. FINDLEY + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +LAWRENCE +1955 + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY + +Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, +Robert W. Wilson + +Volume 7, No. 14, pp. 613-618 +Published June 10, 1955 + + + + +UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS +Lawrence, Kansas + + + + +PRINTED BY +FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER +TOPEKA, KANSAS +1955 + +25-7329 + + + + +Taxonomy and Distribution of Some American Shrews + +by James S. Findley + + +_=Sorex cinereus ohionensis=_ Bole and Moulthrop.--In their description of +this subspecies from Ohio, Bole and Moulthrop (1942:89-95) made no +mention of specimens in the United States Biological Surveys Collection +from Ellsworth and Milford Center, Ohio, which stand in the literature +(see Jackson, 1928:49) as _Sorex cinereus cinereus_. These two +localities lie south of the geographic range ascribed to _S. c. +ohionensis_ by Bole and Moulthrop. Examination of the two specimens, +United States Biological Surveys Collection, Catalogue No. 70566, and +United States National Museum, No. 19434, respectively, both of which +are alcoholics, reveals that they are referable to the subspecies +_ohionensis_ rather than to _S. c. cinereus_. This reference is made on +the basis of small size, short tail (33 and 31 millimeters, +respectively), and fourth upper unicuspid as large as third (the +specimen from Milford Center lacks the skull). The occurrence at Milford +Center provides a southward extension of known range for _S. c. +ohionensis_ of approximately 70 miles. _S. c. cinereus_ seems not to +occur in Ohio. + +_=Cryptotis micrura=_ (Tomes).--Davis (1944:376) assigned a _Cryptotis_ +from Boca del Rio, Veracruz, to _Cryptotis parva berlandieri_ (Baird). +Comparison of this specimen, Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collections, No. +2765, with 8 specimens of _C. micrura_ from various parts of northern +Veracruz and with 9 _C. parva_ from southern Tamaulipas reveals that the +shrew from Boca del Rio is referable to _Cryptotis micrura_. The series +of 8 specimens in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History +from Altamira, Tamaulipas, provides the southernmost known record of +_Cryptotis parva berlandieri_. These 8 specimens are typical of _C. p. +berlandieri_ and show no approach to _C. micrura_. Average and extreme +cranial measurements of 7 specimens from 1 mi. S Altamira are: +condylobasal length, 15.6 (15.2-16.1); palatal length, 6.6 (6.4-6.7); +maxillary tooth-row, 5.7 (5.4-5.8); cranial breadth, 7.6 (7.4-8.0); +least interorbital breadth, 3.5 (3.4-3.7); maxillary breadth, 5.0 +(4.8-5.2). Cranial measurements of 8 specimens of _C. micrura_ from +various localities in northern Veracruz (1 km. E Mecayucan, 1; 7 km. NNW +Cerro Gordo, 3; Teocelo, 2; 7 km. W El Brinco, 1; 5 km. N Jalapa, 1) +are: condylobasal length, 17.1 (16.6-17.4); palatal length, 7.1 +(6.9-7.4); maxillary tooth-row, 6.2 (5.9-6.4); cranial breadth, 8.5 +(8.3-8.6); least interorbital breadth, 3.7 (3.6-4.1); maxillary breadth, +5.3 (5.1-5.6). _C. parva_ and _C. micrura_ may intergrade but a distance +of 140 miles separates the geographic ranges as now known of the two +kinds and every specimen examined by me is clearly referable to one or +the other of the two named kinds and shows no evidence of +intergradation. + +_=Notiosorex crawfordi crawfordi=_ Baird.--A specimen in the Museum of +Natural History from Jaumave, and one from Palmillas, Tamaulipas, +collected by Gerd Heinrich, provide records of the easternmost margin of +the range of this species in Mexico. Assignment is made to the +subspecies _crawfordi_ on geographic grounds. The two specimens differ +from a male from 13 mi. S and 15 mi. W Guadalajara, Jalisco, referred +(Twente and Baker, 1951:121) to _N. c. evotis_ (Coues) in slightly +larger size; however two skulls from owl pellets from 21 mi. SW +Guadalajara, also referred to _evotis_ (_loc. cit._), seem to me to +differ in no important way from skulls of the Tamaulipan specimens. +Measurements of the Tamaulipan specimens, both females, 54932 KU and +54933 KU, are respectively: condylobasal length, --, 16.7; palatal +length, --, 7.2; maxillary tooth-row, 6.6, 6.1; cranial breadth, 8.3, +8.1; least interorbital breadth, --, 3.5; maxillary breadth, --, 5.1; +total length, 90, 90; tail, 28, 30; hind foot, 11.0, 11.5; ear, 8, 8. + +The only other eastern Mexican record of _N. crawfordi_ is based on two +skulls from owl pellets collected 3 mi. NW Cuatro Cienegas, Coahuila +(Baker, 1953:253). + +_=Sorex oreopolus emarginatus=_ Jackson.--A first-year female _Sorex_, KU +54346, obtained by Rollin H. Baker from 7 mi. SW Las Adjuntas, 8900 ft., +Durango, seems closest, among Mexican shrews that I have examined, to +two specimens of _S. emarginatus_ from Plateado, 7600 to 8500 ft., +Zacatecas. Measurements of the Las Adjuntas specimen are: total length, +88; tail, 39; hind foot, 13; palatal length, 7.2; maxillary tooth-row, +6.4; maxillary breadth, 4.9; least interorbital breadth, 3.6. + +_Sorex emarginatus_ previously was known only from Plateado and the type +locality, Bolanos, Jalisco. Comparison of these three specimens with +specimens of other species of Mexican shrews of the _S. saussurei_ group +leads me to conclude that the group contains two species rather than +four as was previously thought. _Sorex emarginatus_, _S. ventralis_, and +_S. oreopolus_ seem to me to be conspecific. All three nominal species +are relatively small, short-tailed shrews. The skulls of the three kinds +resemble one another in relatively short rostrum and in dental details. +Slight differences in cranial proportions differentiate the three and +they should, until more specimens of each are obtained and studied, +retain subspecific rank. The specific name, _Sorex oreopolus_ Merriam +1892, should apply to the three kinds since it antedates the names +_ventralis_ and _emarginatus_. The two names last given, therefore, +should stand as _Sorex oreopolus ventralis_ Merriam and _Sorex oreopolus +emarginatus_ Jackson. The two species, the large _S. saussurei_, and the +small _S. oreopolus_, as the latter is here understood, occur together +over an extensive region in southern Mexico. In other parts of North +America a large and a small species of _Sorex_ often occur together in a +given area. + +The Las Adjuntas specimen was taken only 10 miles southwest of El Salto, +Durango, the type locality of _S. durangae_ Jackson. Jackson (1928:101) +placed _durangae_ in the _Sorex vagrans-obscurus_ species group, but the +two specimens available to him were second year adults with the teeth so +much worn that diagnostic characters are not visible on them. I have +examined these two specimens (United States Biological Surveys +Collection 94539 and 94540) and find that in bodily and cranial +proportions they resemble _Sorex s. saussurei_, and I so assign them. + +_=Sorex milleri=_ Jackson.--Koestner (1941:10) reported 5 _Sorex_ from +Cerro Potosi, near La Jolla, Municipio de Galeana, Nuevo Leon, as _Sorex +emarginatus_. Comparison of 4 of these specimens (Chicago Museum of +Natural History, 48227, 48228, 48229, 48230) with two _S. emarginatus_ +from Plateado, Zacatecas, and specimens of other species of _Sorex_ +indicates that the Cerro Potosi shrews differ in many features from +_emarginatus_, but closely resemble, in size and cranial characters, a +specimen (F. W. Miller, No. 20) of _S. milleri_ from Sierra del Carmen, +Coahuila, and seems to be referable to that species which was not named +when Koestner (_loc. cit._) recorded his specimen. The range of _S. +milleri_ is therefore extended southwestward to western central Nuevo +Leon. + +Comparison of _S. milleri_ with specimens of other species of North +American _Sorex_ leads me to conclude that _S. milleri_ is most closely +related to_ S. cinereus_ Kerr, and should be included in the _S. +cinereus_ group rather than in the _S. vagrans-obscurus_ group. _Sorex +cinereus_ and _S. milleri_ are alike, and both differ from even the +smallest _S. vagrans_ in relatively long and narrow rostrum, narrow +teeth, smaller skull, and in having the third upper unicuspid more often +equal to or smaller than, rather than larger than, the fourth unicuspid. + +I judge _S. milleri_ to be a relict population of _S. cinereus_, +isolated in the mountains of northeastern Mexico, probably in the late +Pleistocene. _Sorex cinereus_ reported from Pleistocene deposits in San +Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon (Findley, 1953:635), probably represents a +population ancestral to the modern _S. milleri_. _Sorex milleri_ should +retain specific status because of constant cranial differences from _S. +cinereus_, particularly relatively broader rostrum. + + +LITERATURE CITED + +BAKER, R. H. + + 1953. Mammals from owl pellets taken in Coahuila, Mexico. Trans. + Kansas Acad. Sci., 56:253-254. + +BOLE, B. P., and P. N. MOULTHROP. + + 1942. The Ohio Recent mammal collection in the Cleveland Museum of + Natural History. Sci. Publs. Cleveland Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:83-181, + September 11. + +DAVIS, W. B. + + 1944. Notes on Mexican mammals. Jour. Mamm., 25:370-403, December + 12. + +FINDLEY, J. S. + + 1953. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, + Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:635-639, December 1. + +JACKSON, H. H. T. + + 1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews (Genera + Sorex and Microsorex). N. Amer. Fauna, 51:I-VI, 1-238, 13 pls., 24 + text figs., July 24. + +KOESTNER, E. J. + + 1941. An annotated list of mammals collected in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, + in 1938. Great Basin Nat., 2:9-15, February 20. + +TWENTE, J. H., and R. H. BAKER. + + 1951. New records of mammals from Jalisco, Mexico, from barn owl + pellets. Jour. Mamm., 32:120-121, February 15. + + +25-7329 + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Taxonomy and Distribution of Some +American Shrews, by James S Findley + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICAN SHREWS *** + +***** This file should be named 31088.txt or 31088.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/0/8/31088/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph R. Hauser, Joseph Cooper +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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