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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 19:54:51 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 19:54:51 -0700 |
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diff --git a/30976-h/30976-h.htm b/30976-h/30976-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53efd15 --- /dev/null +++ b/30976-h/30976-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2287 @@ + +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> + + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content= + "text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> + + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume VII slice I - Prependix. + </title> + + <style type="text/css"> + + body { margin-left: 8%; margin-right: 8%; text-align: justify; } + p { margin-top: .75em; margin-bottom: .75em; text-indent: 1em; line-height: 1.4em;} + p.noind { margin-top: .75em; margin-bottom: .75em; text-indent: 0; } + + h2,h3 { text-align: center; } + hr { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; width: 70%; height: 5px; background-color: #dcdcdc; border:none; } + hr.art { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 40%; height: 5px; background-color: #778899; + margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 6em } + hr.foot {margin-left: 2em; width: 16%; background-color: black; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 0; height: 1px; } + hr.full {width: 100%} + + table.reg { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; clear: both; } + table.nobctr { margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } + table.nobctr td { padding-bottom: 0.25em; padding-top: 0.25em;} + + td.norm { white-space: normal; } + td.denom { border-top: 1px solid black; text-align: center;} + + td.tc1 { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold; + white-space: nowrap;} + td.tc2 { padding-right: 1em; padding-left: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; + text-indent: -1.8em; padding-left: 2.5em; text-align: justify;} + td.tc3 { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; + color: #778899; font-family: 'Arial'; } + td.tc4 { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold;} + + td.tc5 { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: left;} + td.tc51 { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: left; border-right: 3px solid #778899; } + td.tc6 { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: center;} + + table p { margin: 0;} + + a:link, a:visited, link {text-decoration:none} + + .center {text-align: center; text-indent: 0;} + .f80 {font-size: 80%} + .f90 {font-size: 90%} + + .sp {position: relative; bottom: 0.5em; font-size: 0.7em;} + .sc {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .note {margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 0.9em; } + .fn { position: absolute; left: 8%; text-align: left; background-color: #f5f5f5; + text-indent: 0; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.2em; } + + .bold {font-weight: bold; } + .no {font-weight: normal; } + + .pt2 {padding-top: 2em;} + .pt3 {padding-top: 3em;} + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, +Volume 7, Slice 1, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 7, Slice 1 + Prependix + +Author: Various + +Release Date: January 15, 2010 [EBook #30976] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA *** + + + + +Produced by Marius Masi, Don Kretz, Juliet Sutherland and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 200%">THE</p> +<p class="center" style="font-size: 300%">ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA</p> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 170%">ELEVENTH EDITION</p> +<div class="pt3"> </div> +<div class="pt3"> </div> + +<table class="nobctr" width="70%" summary="Contents"> + +<tr><td class="tc5">FIRST</td> + <td class="tc6">edition,</td> + <td class="tc6">published in</td> + <td class="tc5">three</td> + <td class="tc6">volumes,</td> + <td class="tc5">1768-1771.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">SECOND</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">ten</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">1777-1784.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">THIRD</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">eighteen</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">1788-1797.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">FOURTH</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">1801-1810.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">FIFTH</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">1815-1817.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">SIXTH</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">1823-1824.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">SEVENTH</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty-one</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">1830-1842.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">EIGHTH</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty-two</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">1853-1860.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">NINTH</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty-five</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc5">1875-1889.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">TENTH</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc6" colspan="3">ninth edition and eleven supplementary volumes,</td> + <td class="tc5">1902-1903.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">ELEVENTH</td> + <td class="tc6">"</td> + <td class="tc6" colspan="3">published in twenty-nine volumes,</td> + <td class="tc5">1910-1911.</td></tr> +</table> + +<div class="pt3"> </div> +<hr class="full" /> +<div class="pt3"> </div> + + +<p class="center">COPYRIGHT</p> +<p class="center">in all countries subscribing to the<br /> +Bern Convention</p> + +<p class="center">by</p> +<p class="center">THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS</p> +<p class="center">of the</p> +<p class="center">UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE</p> + +<div class="pt3"> </div> +<div class="pt3"> </div> + +<p class="center"><i>All rights reserved</i></p> + +<div class="pt3"> </div> +<hr class="full" /> +<div class="pt3"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 180%">THE</p> +<p class="center" style="font-size: 250%">ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA</p> +<p> </p> +<p class="center">A</p> +<p class="center" style="font-size: 180%">DICTIONARY</p> + +<p class="center">OF</p> +<p class="center" style="font-size: 150%">ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL</p> +<p class="center" style="font-size: 150%">INFORMATION</p> +<p> </p> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 120%">ELEVENTH EDITION</p> +<p> </p> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 170%; font-family: 'Courier New';">VOLUME VII</p> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Courier New';">CONSTANTINE PAVLOVICH to DEMIDOV</p> +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 130%">New York</p> +<p> </p> +<p class="center">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</p> +<p class="center f80">342 Madison Avenue</p> + +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<p class="center">Copyright, in the United States of America, 1910,<br /> +by<br /> +The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.</p> +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<hr class="full" /> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 130%">INITIALS USED IN VOLUME VII. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL<br /> +CONTRIBUTORS,<a name="FnAnchor_1" id="FnAnchor_1" href="#Footnote_1"><span class="sp">1</span></a> WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE<br /> +ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.</p> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<table class="nobctr" width="100%" summary="Contents"> + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. B. F. Y.</td> + <td class="tc2" style="width: 60%;"><span class="sc">Alexander Bell Filson Young.</span><br /> + Formerly Editor of the <i>Outlook</i>. Author of <i>Christopher Columbus</i>; <i>Master-singers</i>; + <i>The Complete Motorist</i>; <i>Wagner Stories</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dance <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. Bo.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Auguste Boudinhon, D.D., D.C.L.</span><br /> + Professor of Canon Law in the Catholic University of Paris. Honorary Canon of + Paris. Editor of the <i>Canoniste contemporain</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Curia Romana; + Decretals.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. Ca.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Arthur Cayley, LL.D., F.R.S.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Cayley, Arthur</span>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Curve <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. E. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Andrew Ewbank Burn, M.A., D.D.</span><br /> + Vicar of Halifax and Prebendary of Lichfield. Author of <i>An Introduction to the + Creeds and the Te Deum; Niceta of Remesiana</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Creeds.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. E. J.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Arthur Ernest Jolliffe, M.A.</span><br /> + Fellow of, and Tutor and Mathematical Lecturer at, Corpus Christi College, Oxford. + Senior Mathematical Scholar, 1892.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Continued Fractions.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. F. P.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Albert Frederick Pollard, M.A., F.R.Hist.Soc.</span><br /> + Fellow of All Souls’ College, Oxford. Professor of English History in the University + of London. Assistant Editor of the <i>Dictionary of National Biography</i>, 1893-1901. + Author of <i>England under the Protector Somerset</i>; <i>Life of Thomas Cranmer</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 5em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Coverdale; + Cox, Richard; + Craig, John; + Cranmer; + Cromwell, Thomas; + Crowley.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Major Arthur George Frederick Griffiths</span> (d. 1908).<br /> + H.M. Inspector of Prisons, 1878-1896. Author of <i>The Chronicles of Newgate</i>; + <i>Secrets of the Prison House</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crime; + Criminology.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. Go.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Alexander Gordon, M.A.</span><br /> + Lecturer on Church History in the University of Manchester.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Coornhert.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. H. J. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Abel Hendy Jones Greenidge, M.A., D.LITT.</span> (Oxon.) (d. 1905).<br /> + Formerly Fellow and Lecturer of Hertford College, Oxford, and of St John’s College, + Oxford. Author of <i>Infamia in Roman Law</i>; <i>Handbook of Greek Constitutional + History</i>; <i>Roman Public Life</i>; <i>History of Rome</i>. Joint-author of <i>Sources of Roman + History, 133-70 B.C</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Consul: Roman.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. H. P.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Arnold Hill Payne, M.A.</span><br /> + Chaplain, Oxford Diocesan Mission to the Deaf and Dumb. Late Normal Fellow, + National Deaf Mute College, Washington, U.S.A. Author of <i>The Mental Development + of the Orally and Manually taught Deaf</i>; <i>The Pure Oral Method of necessity a + Comparative Failure</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Deaf and Dumb.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. J. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Alfred Joshua Butler, M.A., D.Litt.</span><br /> + Fellow and Bursar of Brasenose College, Oxford. Fellow of Eton College. Author + of <i>The Ancient Coptic Churches of Egypt</i>; <i>The Arab Conquest of Egypt</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Copts: <span class="no"><i>The Coptic Church</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. J. B.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Arthur John Butler, M.A.</span> (1844-1910).<br /> + Formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, and Professor of Italian Language + and Literature, University College, London. Author of a prose translation of + Dante’s <i>Divine Comedy</i>; <i>Dante and his Times</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dante.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. J. E.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Arthur John Evans, M.A., D.Litt., LL.D., F.R.S., F.S.A.</span><br /> + Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford. Keeper of Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 1884-1908. + Hon. Keeper since 1908. Made archaeological discoveries in Crete, 1893; + excavated the Palace of Knossos. Author of <i>Through Bosnia on Foot</i>; <i>Cretan + Pictographs and Prae-Phoenician Script</i>; and other works on archaeology.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crete: <span class="no"><i>Archaeology and Ancient History</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. L.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Andrew Lang.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Lang, Andrew</span>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crystal-Gazing.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. Mw.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Allen Mawer, M.A.</span><br /> + Professor of English Language and Literature, Armstrong College, Newcastle-on-Tyne. + Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Formerly Lecturer in + English at the University of Sheffield.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Danelagh.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. M. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Agnes Mary Clerke.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Clerke, A. M.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Copernicus; + Delambre; + Delisle, J. N.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. M. Cl.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Agnes Muriel Clay (Mrs. Wilde).</span><br /> + Formerly Resident Tutor of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Joint-author of <i>Sources + of Roman History, 133-70 B.C.</i></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Curia; + Decemviri; + Decurio.</td></tr> + + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. N.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Alfred Newton, F.R.S.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Newton, Alfred</span>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Coot; + Cormorant; + Crane; + Crossbill; + Crow; + Cuckoo; + Curlew.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. N.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Alexander Nairne, M.A.</span><br /> + Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis in King’s College, London. + Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of St Albans. Fellow of King’s College, London. + Formerly Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge. Crosse Scholar, 1886. Author of + <i>The Bible Doctrine of Atonement</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Creatianism and Traducianism.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. N. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">A. N. Monkhouse.</span><br /> + Member of Editorial Staff of <i>Manchester Guardian</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cotton <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. van M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Alexander van Millingen, M.A., D.D.</span><br /> + Professor of History, Robert College, Constantinople. Author of <i>Byzantine Constantinople</i>; + <i>Constantinople</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Constantinople.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. W. H.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Arthur William Holland.</span><br /> + Formerly Scholar of St John’s College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray’s Inn, 1900.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Curia Regis.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. Wi.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Aneurin Williams, M A., M.P.</span><br /> + Barrister-at-Law of the Inner Temple. Chairman of Executive, International Cooperative + Alliance. M.P. for Plymouth, 1910. Author of <i>Twenty-eight Years + of Co-partnership at Guise</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Co-operation.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. W. R.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Alexander Wood Renton, M.A, L.L.B.</span><br /> + Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of <i>Encyclopaedia of the Laws + of England</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corporal Punishment; + Covenant.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. W. W.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Adolphus William Ward, Litt.D., LL.D.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Ward, A. W.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cumberland, Richard: <span class="no">Dramatist.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. E.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Charles Everitt, A.M., F.C.S., F.G.S., F.R.A.S.</span><br /> + Sometime Scholar of Magdalen College, Oxford.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Constellation.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. E. N.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Charles Eliot Norton, LL.D.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Norton, Charles E.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Curtis, George William.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. F. A.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Charles Francis Atkinson.</span><br /> + Formerly Scholar of Queen’s College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal + Fusiliers). Author of <i>The Wilderness and Cold Harbour</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crimean War; + Cromwell, Oliver <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. F. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Charles Francis Bastable, M.A., LL.D.</span><br /> + Regius Professor of Law and Professor of Political Economy in the University of + Dublin. Author of <i>Public Finance</i>; <i>Commerce of Nations</i>; <i>Theory of International + Trade</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Decimal Coinage.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. K.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Charles Mark Kent.</span><br /> + Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple. Edited the <i>London Sun</i> for twenty-five years; + the <i>Weekly Register</i>, 1874-1881. Author of <i>The Humour and Pathos of Charles + Dickens</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dalling, Lord.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. K. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Clement King Shorter.</span><br /> + Editor of the <i>Sphere</i>. Author of <i>Sixty Years of Victorian Literature</i>; <i>Immortal + Memories</i>; <i>The Brontës: Life and Letters</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cowper, William; + Crabbe, George.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. L.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">H. Caldwell Lipsett.</span><br /> + Formerly Editor of the <i>Civil and Military Gazette</i>, Lahore, India. Author of <i>Lord + Curzon in India</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Coolie.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. Pf.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Christian Pfister, D. ès L.</span><br /> + Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of + <i>Étude sur le règne de Robert le Pieux</i>; <i>Le Duché merovingien d’Alsace et la legende de + Sainte-Odile</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dagobert.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. R. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Charles Raymond Beazley, M.A., D.Litt., F.R.G.S., F.R.Hist.S.</span><br /> + Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow + of Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography. + Lothian Prizeman, Oxford, 1889. Lowell Lecturer, Boston, 1908. Author of + <i>Henry the Navigator</i>; <i>The Dawn of Modern Geography</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Conti, Nicolo de’; + Cook, Captain; + Dampier; + Daniel of Kiev; + Davis, John.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">D. C. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">David Croal Thomson.</span><br /> + Formerly Editor of the <i>Art Journal</i>. Author of <i>The Brothers Maris</i>; <i>The Barbizon + School of Painters</i>; <i>Life of “Phiz”</i>; <i>Life of Bewick</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corot; + Daubigny.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">D. F. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Donald Francis Tovey.</span><br /> + Balliol College, Oxford. Author of <i>Essays in Musical Analyses, comprising + Classical Concerto, The Goldberg Variations</i>; and analyses of many other classical + works.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Contrapuntal Forms; + Counterpoint.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">D. G. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">David George Hogarth, M.A.</span><br /> + Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. + Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naukratis, 1899 + and 1903; Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907. Director, British School at + Athens, 1897-1900; Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cyrenaica; + Cyrene.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">D. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">David Hannay.</span><br /> + Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of <i>Short History of Royal Navy, + 1217-1688</i>; <i>Life of Emilio Castelar</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 5em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Convoy <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Copenhagen, Battle of; + Cordoba, Gonzalo Fernandez de; + Dahlgren, John Adolf.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">D. Mn.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Dugald Macfadyen, M.A.</span><br /> + Minister of South Grove Congregational Church, Highgate. Director of the London + Missionary Society.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cruden, Alexander.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. Br.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Ernest Barker, M.A.</span><br /> + Fellow of, and Lecturer in Modern History at, St John’s College, Oxford. Formerly + Fellow and Tutor of Merton College. Craven Scholar, 1895.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crusades.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. B. El.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edwin Bailey Elliott, M.A., F.R.S., F.R.A.S.</span><br /> + Waynflete Professor of Pure Mathematics and Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. + Formerly Fellow of Queen’s College, Oxford. President of London Mathematical + Society, 1896-1898. Author of <i>Algebra of Quantics</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Curve <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. B. P.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edward Bagnall Poulton, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S., LL.D.</span><br /> + Hope Professor of Zoology in the University of Oxford. Fellow of Jesus College, + Oxford. Author of <i>The Colours of Animals</i>; <i>Essays on Evolution</i>; <i>Darwin and the + Original Species</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Darwin.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. C. Q.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edmund Crosby Quiggin, M.A.</span><br /> + Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge; Lecturer in Modern Languages, + and Monro Lecturer in Celtic.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cuchulinn.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. F. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edward Fairbrother Strange.</span><br /> + Assistant Keeper, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. Member of + Council, Japan Society. Author of numerous works on art subjects. Joint-editor + of Bell’s “Cathedral” Series.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Della Quercia.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edmund Gosse, LL.D.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Gosse, Edmund.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Conte; + Couplet; + Cowley; + Crashaw; + Criticism; + Daniel, Samuel; + Davenant, Sir William; + Dekker, Edward Douwes.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. Gr.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Ernest Arthur Gardner, M.A.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Gardner, Percy.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corfu <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Corinth: <span class="no"><i>Isthmus of</i>;</span> + Cos <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Crisa; + Daphne; + Delos; + Delphi.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. Ma.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edward Manson.</span><br /> + Barrister-at-Law. Joint-editor of <i>Journal of Comparative Legislation</i>. Author of + <i>Debentures and Debenture Stock</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Debentures and Debenture Stock.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">Ed. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Eduard Meyer, D.Litt.</span> (Oxon.), <span class="sc">LL.D., Ph.D.</span><br /> + Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of <i>Geschichte des + Alterthums</i>; <i>Forschungen zur alten Geschichte</i>; <i>Geschichte des alten Ägyptens</i>; <i>Die + Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Ctesiphon; + Cyaxares; + Cyrus; + Darius; + Deioces; + Demetrius of Bactria.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. M. W.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Edward Mewburn Walker, M.A.</span><br /> + Fellow, Senior Tutor and Librarian of Queen’s College, Oxford.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Constitution of Athens.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. Pr.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edgar Prestage.</span><br /> + Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of Manchester. Commendador, + Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal + Academy of Sciences and Lisbon Geographical Society, &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corte-Real, Jeronymo; + Cruz e Silva.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. R. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edwyn Robert Bevan, M.A.</span><br /> + Formerly Scholar of New College, Oxford. Author of <i>House of Seleucus</i>; <i>Jerusalem + under the High Priests</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Demetrius of Macedonia.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. Tn.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Ethelred Leonard Taunton</span> (d. 1907).<br /> + Author of <i>The English Black Monks of St Benedict</i>; <i>History of the Jesuits in England</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cullen, Paul; + Curci.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. V.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Edmund Venables, M.A., D.D.</span> (1819-1895).<br /> + Canon and Precentor of Lincoln. Author of <i>Episcopal Palaces of England</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crypt.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. E. W.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Frederick Edward Warren, M.A., B.D., F.S.A.</span><br /> + Rector of Bardwell, Bury St Edmunds. Fellow of St John’s College, Oxford, 1865-1882. + Author of <i>The Old Catholic Ritual done into English and compared with the + Corresponding Offices in the Roman and Old German Manuals</i>; <i>The Liturgy and Ritual + of the Celtic Church</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dedication.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. G. M. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Frederick George Meeson Beck, M.A.</span><br /> + Fellow and Lecturer in Classics, Clare College, Cambridge.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Deira.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. Lu.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Friedrich Luckwaldt, Ph.D.</span><br /> + Professor of History at the Royal Technical High School, Danzig. Author of + <i>Österreich und die Anfänge des Befreiungskriege von 1813</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dahlmann.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. Ll. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Francis Llewellyn Griffith, M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A.</span><br /> + Reader in Egyptology, Oxford University. Formerly Scholar of Queen’s College, + Oxford. Editor of the <i>Archaeological Survey</i> and <i>Archaeological Reports</i> of the + Egypt Exploration Fund. Fellow of Imperial German Archaeological Institute.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Copts <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. Po.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart., LL.D., D.C.L.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Pollock:</span> <i>Family</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Contract.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. S. P.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Francis Samuel Philbrick, A.M., B.Sc.</span><br /> + Formerly Scholar and Resident Fellow of Harvard University. Member of American + Historical Association.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cuba.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. T. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Frank Thomas Marzials, K.C.B.</span><br /> + Formerly Accountant-General of the Army. Editor of “Great Writers” Series.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Daudet.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. W. Ha.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Frederick William Hasluck, M.A.</span><br /> + Assistant Director, British School of Archaeology, Athens. Fellow of King’s + College, Cambridge. Browne’s Medallist, 1901.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cyzicus.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. W. R.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Frederick William Rudler, I.S.O., F.G.S.</span><br /> + Curator and Librarian at the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1879-1902. + President of the Geologists’ Association, 1887-1889.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corundum; + Cryolite; + Demantoid.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. A. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">George A. Boulenger, F.R.S.</span><br /> + In charge of the Collections of Reptiles and Fishes, Department of Zoology, British + Museum. Vice-President of the Zoological Society of London.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cyprinodonts.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. C. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Gilbert Charles Bourne, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.</span><br /> + Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy, Oxford. Fellow of Merton College, + Oxford. Author of <i>An Introduction to the Study of Comparative Anatomy of + Animals</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Coral-reefs.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. C. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">G. C. Chubb.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 1.5em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cytology.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. C. W.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">George Charles Williamson, Litt. D.</span><br /> + Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of <i>Portrait Miniatures</i>; <i>Life of Richard + Cosway, R.A.</i>; <i>George Engleheart</i>; <i>Portrait Drawings</i>; &c. Editor of new edition + of Bryan’s <i>Dictionary of Painters and Engravers</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cooper, Alexander; + Cooper, Samuel; + Cosway, Richard.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. F. Z.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">G. F. Zimmer, A.M.Inst.C.E., F.Z.S.</span><br /> + Author of <i>Mechanical Handling of Material</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Conveyors.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. H. Fo.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">George Herbert Fowler, F.Z.S., F.L.S., Ph.D.</span><br /> + Formerly Berkeley Fellow of Owens College, Manchester, and Assistant Professor + of Zoology at University College, London.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Ctenophora.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. J. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">George James Turner.</span><br /> + Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln’s Inn. Editor of <i>Select Pleas of the Forest</i> for the Selden + Society.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">County.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. P. R.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Gerald Philip Robinson.</span><br /> + President of the Society of Mezzotint Engravers. Mezzotint Engraver to Queen + Victoria and to King Edward VII.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cousins, Samuel.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. Sa.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">George Saintsbury, L.L.D., Litt.D.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Saintsbury, G. E. B.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corneille, Pierre; + Corneille, Thomas.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. Sn.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Grant Showerman, A.M., Ph.D.</span><br /> + Professor of Latin at the University of Wisconsin. Member of the Archaeological + Institute of America. Member of American Philological Association. Author of + <i>With the Professor</i>; <i>The Great Mother of the Gods</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corybantes; + Criobolium; + Curetes; + Cybele.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. W. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Griffithes Wheeler Thatcher, M.A., B.D.</span><br /> + Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old + Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Damiri.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. Br.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Henry Bradley, M.A., Ph.D.</span><br /> + Joint-editor of the <i>New English Dictionary</i> (Oxford). Fellow of the British Academy. + Author of <i>The Story of the Goths</i>; <i>The Making of English</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cynewulf.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. B. W.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Horace Bolingbroke Woodward, F.R.S., F.G.S.</span><br /> + Late Assistant Director, Geological Survey of England and Wales. Wollaston + Medallist, Geological Society. Author of <i>The History of the Geological Society of + London</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dechen.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. F. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Hans Friedrich Gadow, M.A., F.R.S., Ph.D.</span><br /> + Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge. + Author of <i>Amphibia and Reptiles</i> (Cambridge Natural History).</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crocodile.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. Fr.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Henri Frantz.</span><br /> + Art Critic, <i>Gazette des Beaux Arts</i>, Paris.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Courbet.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. M. W.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">H. Marshall Ward, M.A., F.R.S., D.Sc.</span> (d. 1905).<br /> + Formerly Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge. President of the + British Mycological Society. Author of <i>Timber and some of its Diseases</i>; <i>The Oak</i>; + <i>Disease in Plants</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">De Bary.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. St.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Henry Sturt, M.A.</span><br /> + Author of <i>Idola Theatri</i>; <i>The Idea of a Free Church</i>; and <i>Personal Idealism</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crusius; + Cudworth, R.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. S. J.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Henry Stuart Jones, M.A.</span><br /> + Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Trinity College, Oxford, and Director of the British + School at Rome. Member of the German Imperial Archaeological Institute. + Author of <i>The Roman Empire</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Costume: <span class="no"><i>Aegean, Greek, Etruscan and Roman</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. Th.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Henry Thompson, Bart.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Thompson, Sir Henry.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cremation.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. Tr.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Henry Trotter, K.C.M.G., C.B.</span><br /> + Lieutenant-Colonel, Royal Engineers. H.B.M. Consul-General for Roumania, + 1894-1906, and British Delegate on the European Commission of the Danube. + Victoria Medallist, Royal Geographical Society, 1878.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Danube.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. W. C. D.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Henry William Carless Davis, M.A.</span><br /> + Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. Fellow of All Souls’ College, 1895-1902. + Author of <i>England under the Normans and Angevins</i>; <i>Charlemagne</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Coutances, Walter of.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">I. A.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Israel Abrahams, M.A.</span><br /> + Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature, University of Cambridge. President, + Jewish Historical Society of England. Author of <i>A Short History of Jewish Literature; + Jewish Life in the Middle Ages</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crescas; + Delmedigo.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. An.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Joseph Anderson, LL.D.</span><br /> + Keeper of the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh. Assistant Secretary + to the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, and Rhind Lecturer, 1879-1882 and 1892. + Editor of Drummond’s <i>Ancient Scottish Weapons</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crannog.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. A. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Joseph Archer Crowe, K.C.M.G.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Crowe, Sir J. A.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cranach; + Cuyp.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. A. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Allen Howe, B.Sc.</span><br /> + Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corallian; + Cornbrash; Culm.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. C. S.-H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Castleman Swinburne-hanham, J.P.</span><br /> + Barrister-at-Law, Middle Temple. Hon. Secretary of Cremation Society of England.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cremation: <span class="no"><i>Statistics</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. D. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">James David Bourchier, M.A., F.R.G.S.</span><br /> + King’s College, Cambridge. Correspondent of <i>The Times</i> in South-Eastern Europe. + Commander of the Orders of Prince Danilo of Montenegro and of the Saviour of + Greece, and Officer of the Order of St Alexander of Bulgaria.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crete: <span class="no"><i>Geography and Statistics; + and Modern History</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. D. Pr.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Dyneley Prince, Ph.D.</span><br /> + Professor of Semitic Languages at Columbia University, New York.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Daniel <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. E. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Eglinton Bailey.</span><br /> + Author of <i>John Dee and the Steganographia of Trithemius</i>; <i>Life of Thomas Fuller</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cryptography.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. Go.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Joseph Grego.</span><br /> + Art Critic. Author of <i>A History of Parliamentary Elections</i>; <i>A History of Dancing</i>; + <i>Thomas Rowlandson</i>; <i>James Gillray</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cruikshank.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. G. K.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Graham Kerr, M.A., F.R.S.</span><br /> + Regius Professor of Zoology in the University of Glasgow. Formerly Demonstrator + in Animal Morphology in the University of Cambridge. Fellow of Christ’s College, + Cambridge, 1898-1904. Walsingham Medallist, 1898. Neill Prizeman, Royal + Society of Edinburgh, 1904.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cyclostomata.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. H. F.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Henry Freese, M.A.</span><br /> + Formerly Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Demeter.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. H. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Henry Middleton, M.A., F.S.A., Litt.D., D.C.L.</span> (1846-1896).<br /> + Formerly Slade Professor of Fine Art in the University of Cambridge, and Art + Director of the South Kensington Museum. Author of <i>The Engraved Gems of</i> + <i>Classical Times; Illuminated Manuscripts in Classical and Medieval Times</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Della Robbia <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. H. R.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Horace Round, M.A., LL.D.</span> (Edin.).<br /> + Author of <i>Feudal England</i>; <i>Studies in Peerage and Family History</i>; <i>Peerage and + Pedigree</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Court Baron.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. Hl. R.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Holland Rose, M.A., Litt.D.</span><br /> + Lecturer on Modern History to the Cambridge University Local Lectures Syndicate. + Author of <i>Life of Napoleon I.</i>; <i>Napoleonic Studies</i>; <i>The Development of the European + Nations</i>; <i>The Life of Pitt</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Daru, Count; + Decaen.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. H. Rs.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. James Hardy Ropes, D.D.</span><br /> + Bussey Professor of New Testament Criticism and Interpretation, and Dexter + Lecturer on Bible Literature, Harvard University. Author of <i>The Apostolic Age + in the Light of Modern Criticism</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corinthians: <span class="no"><i>Epistles to the</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. L. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Linton Myres, M.A., F.S.A.</span><br /> + Wykeham Professor of Ancient History in the University of Oxford. Formerly + Gladstone Professor of Greek, and Lecturer in Ancient Geography, University of + Liverpool; and Lecturer on Classical Archaeology in University of Oxford.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cyprus <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. Mo.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Viscount Morley of Blackburn.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Morley, Viscount</span>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Danton.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. McF.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Macfarlane.</span><br /> + Formerly Librarian of the Imperial Library, Calcutta. Author of <i>Library Administration</i>; + &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Damien, Father.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. M. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Malcolm Mitchell.</span><br /> + Sometime Scholar of Queen’s College, Oxford. Lecturer in Classics, East London + College (University of London). Joint-editor of Grote’s <i>History of Greece</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Delian League.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. P. Pe.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. John Punnett Peters, Ph.D., D.D.</span><br /> + Canon Residentiary, Cathedral of New York. Formerly Professor of Hebrew in the + University of Pennsylvania. Director of the University Expedition to Babylonia, + 1888-1895. Author of <i>Nippur, or Explorations and Adventures on the Euphrates</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Deir.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. S. F.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Smith Flett, D.Sc., F.G.S.</span><br /> + Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on Petrology in + Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby + Medallist of the Geological Society of London.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crystallite; + Dacite.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. T. Be.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John T. Bealby.</span><br /> + Joint-author of Stanford’s <i>Europe</i>. Formerly Editor of the <i>Scottish Geographical + Magazine</i>. Translator of Sven Hedin’s <i>Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crimea <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Daghestan <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. T. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Joseph Thomas Cunningham, M.A., F.Z.S.</span><br /> + Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London. Formerly Fellow + of University College, Oxford. Assistant Professor of Natural History in the + University of Edinburgh. Naturalist to the Marine Biological Association.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cuttle-fish.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. V.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Veitch, LL.D.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Veitch, John.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cousin, V. <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">K. G. J.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Kingsley Garland Jayne.</span><br /> + Sometime Scholar of Wadham College, Oxford. Matthew Arnold Prizeman, 1903. + Author of <i>Vasco da Gama and his Successors</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Croatia-Slavonia; + Dalmatia.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">K. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Kathleen Schlesinger.</span><br /> + Author of <i>The Instruments of the Orchestra</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Contrafagotto; Cor Anglais; + Cornet <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Cromorne <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Crowd; Cymbals.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">L.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Count Lützow, Litt.D.</span> (Oxon.), <span class="sc">D.Ph.</span> (Prague), <span class="sc">F.R.G.S.</span><br /> + Chamberlain of H.M. the Emperor of Austria, King of Bohemia. Hon. Member + of the Royal Society of Literature. Member of the Bohemian Academy, &c. + Author of <i>Bohemia, a Historical Sketch</i>; <i>The Historians of Bohemia</i> (Ilchester Lecture, + Oxford, 1904); <i>The Life and Times of John Hus</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Czech.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">L. D.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Louis Duchesne.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Duchesne, L. M. O.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Damasus.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">L. J. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Leonard James Spencer, M.A.</span><br /> + Assistant in Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar of + Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the <i>Mineralogical + Magazine</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Copper-glance; + Copper Pyrites; + Covellite; Crocoite; + Crystallography; + Cuprite; Cyanite; + Datolite.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">L. V.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Luigi Villari.</span><br /> + Italian Foreign Office (Emigration Department). Formerly Newspaper Correspondent + in East of Europe. Italian Vice-Consul in New Orleans, 1906; Philadelphia, + 1907; and Boston, U.S.A., 1907-1910. Author of <i>Italian Life in Town + and Country</i>; <i>Fire and Sword in the Caucasus</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Contarini; Cornaro; + Correnti; Corsini; + Dandolo; Della Gherardesca.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">M. A. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Maurice A. Canney, M.A.</span><br /> + Assistant Lecturer in Semitic Languages in the University of Manchester. Formerly + Exhibitioner of St John’s College, Oxford. Pusey and Ellerton Hebrew Scholar, + Oxford, 1892; Kennicott Hebrew Scholar, 1895; Houghton Syriac Prize, 1896.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Daub, Karl.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">M. Ha.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Marcus Hartog, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S.</span><br /> + Professor of Zoology, University College, Cork. Author of “Protozoa” in <i>Cambridge + Natural History</i>, and papers for various scientific journals.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cystoflagellata.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">M. N. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Marcus Niebuhr Tod, M.A.</span><br /> + Fellow and Tutor of Oriel College, Oxford. University Lecturer in Epigraphy. + Joint-author of <i>Catalogue of the Sparta Museum</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Demaratus.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">M. O. B. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Maximilian Otto Bismarck Caspari, M.A.</span><br /> + Reader in Ancient History at London University. Lecturer in Greek at Birmingham + University, 1905-1908.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corfu <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Corinth <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Cos <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">N. D. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Newton Dennison Mereness, A.M., Ph.D.</span><br /> + Author of <i>Maryland as a Proprietary Province</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Davis, Jefferson <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">N. W. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Northcote Whitbridge Thomas, M.A.</span><br /> + Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding Member of the + Société d’Anthropologie de Paris. Author of <i>Thought Transference</i>; <i>Kinship and + Marriage in Australia</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Death-warning.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">O. Ba.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Oswald Barron, F.S.A.</span><br /> + Editor of the <i>Ancestor</i>, 1902-1905. Hon. Genealogist to Standing Council of the + Honourable Society of the Baronetage.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Costume: <span class="no"><i>Medieval and + Modern European</i>;</span> + Courtenay: <span class="no"><i>Family</i></span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">O. J. R. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Osbert John Radcliffe Howarth, M.A.</span><br /> + Christ Church, Oxford. Geographical Scholar, 1901. Assistant Secretary of the + British Association.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Copenhagen.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">P. A. K.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Prince Peter Alexeivitch Kropotkin.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Kropotkin, P. A.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cossacks; + Crimea <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Daghestan <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">P. C. Y.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Philip Chesney Yorke, M.A.</span><br /> + Magdalen College, Oxford.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cottington, F. C., Baron; + Coventry, Sir William; + Craven, Earl of; + Cromwell, Oliver <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Cromwell, Richard.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">P. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Percy Gardner, Litt.D., D.C.L., F.S.A.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Gardner, Percy.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Daedalus; + Demetrius (Sculptor).</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">P. Gl.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Peter Giles, M.A., LL.D., Litt.D.</span><br /> + Fellow and Classical Lecturer of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, and University + Reader in Comparative Philology. Late Secretary of the Cambridge Philological + Society. Author of <i>Manual of Comparative Philology</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">D.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">P. G. K.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Paul G. Konody.</span><br /> + Art Critic of the <i>Observer</i> and the <i>Daily Mail</i>. Formerly Editor of <i>The Artist</i>. + Author of <i>The Art of Walter Crane</i>; <i>Velasquez, Life and Work</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">David, Gerard.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. A.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Anchel.</span><br /> + Archivist to the Département de l’Eure.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Convention, The National; + Cordeliers, Club of the.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. A. S. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Alexander Stewart Macalister, M.A., F.S.A.</span><br /> + St John’s College, Cambridge. Director of Excavations for the Palestine Exploration + Fund.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Damascus; + Dead Sea; + Decapolis.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. B. McK.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Ronald Brunlees Mckerrow.</span><br /> + Trinity College, Cambridge.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dekker, Thomas <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. B. R.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rufus Byam Richardson, Ph.D., B.D.</span><br /> + Formerly Director of American School of Classical Studies, Athens. Member of + American Geological Society, British Society of Promotion of Hellenic Studies, + Greek Archaeological Society, &c. Author of <i>History of Greek Sculpture</i>; <i>Vacation + Days in Greece</i>; <i>Greece through the Stereoscope</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corinth <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. H. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Robert Henry Charles, M.A., D.D., D.Litt.</span><br /> + Grinfield Lecturer and Lecturer in Biblical Studies, Oxford. Fellow of the British + Academy. Formerly Professor of Biblical Greek, Trinity College, Dublin. Author + of <i>Critical History of the Doctrine of a Future Life</i>; <i>Book of Jubilees</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Daniel <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. H. L.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robin Humphrey Legge.</span><br /> + Principal Musical Critic for <i>Daily Telegraph</i>. Author of <i>Annals of the Norwich + Festivals</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Debussy.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. J. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Ronald John Mcneill, M.A.</span><br /> + Christ Church, Oxford. Barrister-at-Law. Formerly Editor of the <i>St James’s + Gazette</i>, London.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Conway, Henry Seymour; + Cowper, William C., 1st Earl; + Cromwell, Oliver <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. L.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Richard Lydekker, F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S.</span><br /> + Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India, 1874-1882. Author of + <i>Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in British Museum</i>; <i>The Deer of + all Lands</i>, &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Coyote; + Creodonta; + Deer.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. N. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Nisbet Bain</span> (d. 1909).<br /> + Formerly Assistant Librarian, British Museum. Author of <i>Scandinavia: the + Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1513-1900</i>; <i>The First Romanovs, + 1613 to 1725</i>; <i>Slavonic Europe: the Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 + to 1796</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 5em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corvinus; + Czartoryski; + Damjanich; + Deak; + De Geer; + De la Gardie; + Demetrius Donskoi; + Demetrius, Pseudo.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. P. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">R. Phené Spiers, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.</span><br /> + Formerly Master of the Architectural School, Royal Academy, London. Past + President of Architectural Association. Associate and Fellow of King’s College, + London. Corresponding Member of the Institute of France. Editor of Fergusson’s + <i>History of Architecture</i>. Author of <i>Architecture: East and West</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Decorated Period.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. So.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Somers</span> (1822-1891).<br /> + Editor of <i>North British Daily Mail</i>, 1849-1859. Author of <i>Letters from the Highlands</i>; + <i>The Southern States since the War</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corn Laws <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. S. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Seymour Conway, M.A., D.Litt.</span> (Cantab.).<br /> + Professor of Latin in the University of Manchester. Formerly Professor of Latin + of University College, Cardiff, and Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cumae <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. W. R.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert William Rogers, D.D., Litt.D., LL.D., Ph.D.</span><br /> + Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis, Drew Theological Seminary, + Madison, New Jersey. Author of <i>Inscriptions of Sennacherib</i>; <i>History of Babylonia + and Assyria</i>; <i>The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cuneiform.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">S. A. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Stanley Arthur Cook, M.A.</span><br /> + Editor for Palestine Exploration Fund. Lecturer in Hebrew and Syriac, and + formerly Fellow Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Examiner in Hebrew and + Aramaic, London University, 1904-1908. Author of <i>Glossary of Aramaic Inscriptions</i>; + <i>The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi</i>; <i>Critical Notes on Old Testament + History</i>; <i>Religion of Ancient Palestine</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Costume: <span class="no"><i>Ancient, Oriental</i>;</span> + Cush; + Dan; + David <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Deborah; + Decalogue <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">S. E. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Hon. Simeon Eben Baldwin, M.A., LL.D.</span><br /> + Professor of Constitutional and Private International Law in Yale University. + Director of the Bureau of Comparative Law of the American Bar Association. + Formerly Chief Justice of Connecticut. Author of <i>Modern Political Institutions</i>; + <i>American Railroad Law</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Conveyancing <span class="no">(<i>United States</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">S. J. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sydney John Chapman, M.A.</span><br /> + Professor of Political Economy and Dean of the Faculty of Commerce in the University + of Manchester. Author of <i>The Lancashire Cotton Industry</i>; <i>The Cotton + Industry and Trade</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cotton: <span class="no"><i>Marketing and Supply</i>;</span> + Cotton Manufacture.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">S. Wa.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Samuel Wadsworth, M.A.</span><br /> + Barrister-at-Law of the Inner Temple and of Lincoln’s Inn. Joint-editor of the 17th + edition of Davidson’s <i>Concise Precedents in Conveyancing</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Conveyancing <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. As.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Thomas Ashby, M.A., D.Litt.</span> (Oxon.).<br /> + Director of British School of Archaeology at Rome. Formerly Scholar of Christ + Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, 1897. Conington Prizeman, 1906. Member of the + Imperial German Archaeological Institute.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Corfinium; + Cori; + Cortona; + Cosa; + Cosenza; + Cremona; + Crotona; + Cumae <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Cures.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. A. I.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Thomas Allan Ingram, M.A., LL.D.</span><br /> + Trinity College, Dublin.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Convocation <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Corn Laws <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Coroner; + Cruelty; + Day.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. A. J.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Thomas Athol Joyce, M.A.</span><br /> + Assistant in Department of Ethnography, British Museum. Hon. Sec., Royal + Anthropological Institute.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Costume <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. Ba.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Thomas Barclay, M.P.</span><br /> + Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the Supreme Council + of the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of Honour. Author of <i>Problems of + International Practice and Diplomacy</i>; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Contraband; + Convoy <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Declaration of Paris.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. F. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Theodore Freylinghuysen Collier, Ph.D.</span><br /> + Assistant Professor of History, Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., U.S.A.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Constantinople, Councils of.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. K. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Thomas Kelly Cheyne, D.D.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Cheyne, T. K.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cosmogony; + Deluge, The.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. M. F.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Thomas Macall Fallow, M.A., F.S.A.</span><br /> + Editor of the <i>Antiquary</i>, 1895-1899. Author of <i>Memorials of Old Yorkshire</i>; <i>The + Cathedral Churches of Ireland</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Coronation; + Cross and Crucifixion; + Crown and Coronet.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. Se.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Thomas Seccombe.</span><br /> + Lecturer in History, East London and Birkbeck Colleges, University of London. + Stanhope Prizeman, Oxford, 1887. Assistant Editor of <i>Dictionary of National + Biography</i>, 1891-1901. Author of <i>The Age of Johnson</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Constantine Pavlovich.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Travers Twiss, K.C., D.C.L., F.R.S.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Twiss, Sir Travers.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Consulate of the Sea; + Convocation <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. W. F.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Thomas William Fox, M.Sc.Tech.</span><br /> + Professor of Textiles, Manchester University. Author of <i>Mechanism of Weaving</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cotton-spinning Machinery.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">V. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Victor Charles Mahillon.</span><br /> + Principal of the Conservatoire Royal de Musique at Brussels. Chevalier of the + Legion of Honour.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cornet <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Cromorne <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. A. B. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge, M.A., F.R.G.S., Ph.D.</span> (Bern.).<br /> + Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History, St David’s + College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of <i>Guide du Haut Dauphiné</i>; <i>The Range of + the Tödi</i>; <i>Guide to Grindelwald</i>; <i>Guide to Switzerland</i>; <i>The Alps in Nature and in + History</i>; &c. Editor of the <i>Alpine Journal</i>, 1880-1889; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crousaz, Jean Pierre de; + Dauphiné; + Davos.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. A. P.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Walter Alison Phillips, M.A.</span><br /> + Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St John’s College, + Oxford. Author of <i>Modern Europe</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cope; + Crete <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Costume: <span class="no"><i>National, Class and Official</i>;</span> + Dalmatic.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. B.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Burton, M.A., F.C.S.</span><br /> + Chairman, Joint Committee of Pottery Manufacturers of Great Britain. Author of + <i>English Stoneware and Earthenware</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Della Robbia <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. B. Sc.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Bell Scott.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Scott, William Bell.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cox, David; + Delaroche.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. C. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Charles Smith, K.C., M.A., LL.D., F.R.S.</span> (Edin.).<br /> + Formerly Sheriff of Ross, Cromarty and Sutherland. Editor of <i>Judicial Review</i>, + 1889-1900.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dance <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. C. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">W. Cave Thomas.</span><br /> + Author of <i>Symmetrical Education</i>; <i>Mural or Monumental Decoration</i>; <i>Revised Theory + of Light</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cornelius, Peter von.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. E. Co.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rt. Rev. William Edward Collins, D.D.</span><br /> + Bishop of Gibraltar. Formerly Professor of Ecclesiastical History, King’s College, + London. Lecturer at Selwyn and St John’s Colleges, Cambridge. Author of <i>The + Study of Ecclesiastical History</i>; <i>Beginnings of English Christianity</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cyprus: <span class="no"><i>Church of</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. E. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Ernest Henley.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Henley, W. E.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cooper, James Fenimore.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. Fr.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Fream. LL.D.</span> (d. 1907).<br /> + Formerly Lecturer on Agricultural Entomology, University of Edinburgh, and + Agricultural Correspondent of <i>The Times</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dairy and Dairy-farming.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. F. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Feilden Craies, M.A.</span><br /> + Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law, King’s College, London. + Editor of Archbold’s <i>Criminal Pleading</i> (23rd edition).</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Contempt of Court; + Conversion; + Costs; + Criminal Law; + Damages.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. G. F.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William George Freeman, B.Sc.</span> (London), <span class="sc">A.R.C.S.</span><br /> + Joint-author of <i>Nature Teaching</i>; <i>The World’s Commercial Products</i>. Joint-editor + of <i>Science Progress in the Twentieth Century</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cotton <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. L. H. D.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Wynfrid Lawrence Henry Duckworth, M.A., M.D., D.Sc.</span><br /> + Lecturer in Physical Anthropology, and Senior Demonstrator of Human Anatomy + in the University of Cambridge. Fellow of Jesus College. Author of <i>Morphology + and Anthropology</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Craniometry.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. L.-W.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir William Lee-warner, M.A., K.C.S.I.</span><br /> + Member of Council of India. Formerly Secretary in the Political and Secret + Department of the India Office. Author of <i>Life of the Marquis of Dalhousie</i>; + <i>Memoirs of Field-Marshal Sir Henry Wylie Norman</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dalhousie, 1st Marquis.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Minto, M.A.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Minto, William.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Dekker, Thomas <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. M. R.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Michael Rossetti.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Rossetti, Dante G.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Correggio; + Crivelli, Carlo.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. P.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Walter Pitt, M.Inst.C.E., M.I.M.E.</span><br /> + Member of the Committee of International Maritime Conference, London, &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cranes.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. R. E. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Richard Eaton Hodgkinson, Ph.D., F.R.S.</span><br /> + Professor of Chemistry and Physics, Ordnance College, Woolwich. Formerly Professor + of Chemistry and Physics, R.M.A., Woolwich. Part-author of Valentin-Hodgkinson’s + <i>Practical Chemistry</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cordite.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. R. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Robertson Smith, LL.D.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Smith, W. R.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">David <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>; + Decalogue <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. T. Ca.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Thomas Calman, D.Sc., F.Z.S.</span><br /> + Assistant in charge of Crustacea, Natural History Museum, South Kensington. + Author of “Crustacea” in <i>A Treatise on Zoology</i>, edited by Sir E. Ray Lankester.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Crab; + Crayfish; + Crustacea.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. Wr.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Williston Walker, Ph.D., D.D.</span><br /> + Professor of Church History, Yale University. Author of <i>History of the Congregational + Churches in the United States</i>; <i>The Reformation</i>; <i>John Calvin</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cotton, John.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. W. H.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Hon. William Wirt Henry, M.A.</span> (d. 1900).<br /> + Formerly President of the American Historical Association and of the Virginia Historical + Society. Author and Editor of the <i>Life, Correspondence and Speeches of + Patrick Henry</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Davis, Jefferson <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>)</span>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. W. R.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Walker Rockwell. Lic. Theol.</span><br /> + Assistant Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Council.</td></tr> + +</table> + +<hr class="foot" /> +<div class="note"> +<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1" href="#FnAnchor_1"><span class="fn">1</span></a> A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.</p> +</div> + +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<hr class="full" /> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 130%">PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES</p> + +<table class="nobctr" width="90%" summary="Contents"> + +<tr><td class="tc51 bold"><p>Constitution and</p> +<p> Constitutional Law.</p> +<p>Consul.</p> +<p>Cookery.</p> +<p>Coorg.</p> +<p>Copper.</p> +<p>Coprolites.</p> +<p>Copyhold.</p> +<p>Copyright.</p> +<p>Coral.</p> +<p>Cork.</p> +<p>Cornell University.</p> +<p>Cornwall.</p></td> + +<td class="tc51 bold"><p>Corporation.</p> +<p>Corrupt Practices.</p> +<p>Corsica.</p> +<p>Corvée.</p> +<p>Costa Rica.</p> +<p>Count.</p> +<p>Court.</p> +<p>Couvade.</p> +<p>Covenanters.</p> +<p>Crawford, Earls of.</p> +<p>Crécy.</p> +<p>Cretaceous System.</p> +<p>Cribbage.</p></td> + +<td class="tc51 bold"><p>Cricket.</p> +<p>Crocus.</p> +<p>Croquet.</p> +<p>Cruciferae.</p> +<p>Culdees.</p> +<p>Cumberland.</p> +<p>Curling.</p> +<p>Currant.</p> +<p>Cursor Mundi.</p> +<p>Cutlery.</p> +<p>Cycling.</p> +<p>Cycloid.</p> +<p>Cynics.</p></td> + +<td class="tc5 bold"><p>Cyrenaics.</p> +<p>Dacia.</p> +<p>Dahomey.</p> +<p>Damask.</p> +<p>Darfur.</p> +<p>Deacon.</p> +<p>Dean.</p> +<p>Death.</p> +<p>Debt.</p> +<p>Deccan.</p> +<p>Deism.</p> +<p>Delaware.</p> +<p>Delirium.</p></td></tr> +</table> + +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<hr class="full" /> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th +Edition, Volume 7, Slice 1, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA *** + +***** This file should be named 30976-h.htm or 30976-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/9/7/30976/ + +Produced by Marius Masi, Don Kretz, Juliet Sutherland and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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