diff options
Diffstat (limited to '30965-h/30965-h.htm')
| -rw-r--r-- | 30965-h/30965-h.htm | 2603 |
1 files changed, 2603 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/30965-h/30965-h.htm b/30965-h/30965-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1804a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/30965-h/30965-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2603 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photography Vol. Two, No. 6, December 1897, by Birds (Periodical). + </title> + + <style type="text/css"> + +/*<![CDATA[*/ + + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + + .sml {font-size: .8em;} + + h2 { text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + + h5 { text-align: center; font-size: 3em; + clear: both; + } + + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 5%; + } + + .box { width: 700px; margin: 0 auto; + text-align: center; padding: 1em; + border-style: none;} + + .vlouter {width: 100%; border-top: 1px black solid; + border-bottom: 1px black solid; padding-top: 0.25em; + padding-bottom: 0.25em;} + .volumeline {width: 100%; border-top: 1px black solid; + border-bottom: 1px black solid; padding-top: 0.25em; + padding-bottom: 0.25em;} + .volumeleft {float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left;} + .volumeright {float: right; width: 33%; text-align: right;} + .spacer {clear: both;} + + .pagenum { visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + a { text-decoration: none; } + + .caption {font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 0em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + /*]]>*/ + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photography +[December, 1897], Vol 2. No 6., by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photography [December, 1897], Vol 2. No 6. + +Author: Various + +Release Date: January 14, 2010 [EBook #30965] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some +images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class="box"> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></span></p> + +<h5>BIRDS.</h5> + +<p class="center"><strong><span class="smcap">Illustrated by</span> COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY.</strong></p> + +<p> </p> + +<div class="vlouter"> +<div class="volumeline"> +<div class="volumeleft"><span class="smcap">Vol. II.</span></div> +<div class="volumeright"><span class="smcap">No. 6.</span></div> +<div class="center">DECEMBER, 1897.</div> +<div class="spacer"><!-- empty for spacing purposes --></div> +</div> +</div> + + +<p> </p> +<h2>THE ORNITHOLOGICAL CONGRESS.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 116px;"> +<img src="images/imgw.png" width="116" height="80" alt="W" title="" /> +</div> +<p>E had the pleasure of +attending the Fifteenth +Congress of the American +Ornithologists’ Union, +which met and held its three days +annual session in the American +Museum of Natural History, New +York City, November 9-11, 1897. +Dr. C. Hart Merriam, of the Department +of Agriculture, Washington +D.C., presided, and there were present +about one hundred and fifty of the +members, resident in nearly all the +states of the Union.</p> + +<p>The first paper read was one prepared +by J. C. Merrill, entitled “In Memoriam: Charles Emil Bendire.” +The character, accomplishments, and +achievements of the deceased, whose +valuable work in biographizing American +birds is so well known to those +interested in ornithology, were referred +to in so appropriate a manner that the +paper, though not elaborate as it is to +be hoped it may ultimately be made, +will no doubt be published for general +circulation. Major Bendire’s services +to American ornithology are of indisputable +value, and his untimely death +eclipsed to some extent, possibly +wholly, the conclusion of a series of +bird biographies which, so far as they +had appeared, were deemed to be +adequate, if not perfect.</p> + +<p>Mr. Frank M. Chapman, the well +known authority on birds, and whose +recent books are valuable additions to +our literature, had, it may be presumed, +a paper to read on the “Experiences +of an Ornithologist in Mexico,” though +he did not read it. He made, on the +contrary, what seemed to be an +extemporaneous talk, exceedingly +entertaining and sufficiently instructive +to warrant a permanent place for +it in the <em>Auk</em>, of which he is associate +editor. We had the pleasure of examining +the advance sheets of a new book +from his pen, elaborately illustrated in +color, and shortly to be published. +Mr. Chapman is a comparatively +young man, an enthusiastic student and +observer, and destined to be recognized +as one of our most scientific thinkers, +as many of his published pamphlets +already indicate. Our limited space +precludes even a reference to them now. +His remarks were made the more attractive +by the beautiful stuffed specimens +with which he illustrated them.</p> + +<p>Prof. Elliott Coues, in an address, +“Auduboniana, and Other Matters of +Present Interest,” engaged the delighted +attention of the Congress on +the morning of the second day’s session. +His audience was large. In a biographical +sketch of Audubon the Man, +interspersed with anecdote, he said so +many interesting things that we regret +we omitted to make any notes that +would enable us to indicate at least +something of his characterization. No +doubt just what he said will appear in +an appropriate place. Audubon’s portfolio, +in which his precious manuscripts +and drawings were so long +religiously kept, which he had carried +with him to London to exhibit to possible +publishers, a book so large that +two men were required to carry it,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></span> +though the great naturalist had used +it as an indispensable and convenient +companion for so many years, was +slowly and we thought reverently +divested by Dr. Coues of its wrappings +and held up to the surprised and grateful +gaze of the spectators. It was +dramatic. Dr. Coues is an actor. +And then came the comedy. He +could not resist the inclination to talk +a little—not disparagingly, but truthfully, +reading a letter never before +published, of Swainson to Audubon +declining to associate his name with +that of Audubon “under the circumstances.” +All of which, we apprehend, +will duly find a place on the shelves +of public libraries.</p> + +<p>We would ourself like to say +something of Audubon as a man. To +us his life and character have a special +charm. His was a beautiful youth, +like that of Goethe. His love of +nature, for which he was willing to +make, and did make, sacrifices, will +always be inspiring to the youth of +noble and gentle proclivities; his personal +beauty, his humanity, his love-life, +his domestic virtues, enthrall the +ingenuous mind; and his appreciation—shown +in his beautiful compositions—of +the valleys of the great river, +<em>La Belle Rivière</em>, through which its +waters, shadowed by the magnificent +forests of Ohio and Kentucky, wandered—all +of these things have from +youth up shed a sweet fragrance over +his memory and added greatly to our +admiration of and appreciation for the +man.</p> + +<p>So many subjects came before the +Congress that we cannot hope to do +more than mention the titles of a few +of them. Mr. Sylvester D. Judd discussed +the question of “Protective +Adaptations of insects from an Ornithological +Point of View;” Mr. William +C. Rives talked of “Summer Birds of +the West Virginia Spruce Belt;” Mr. +John N. Clark read a paper entitled +“Ten Days among the Birds of Northern +New Hampshire;” Harry C. Oberholser +talked extemporaneously of +“Liberian Birds,” and in a most entertaining +and instructive manner, every +word he said being worthy of large print +and liberal embellishment; Mr. J. A. +Allen, editor of <em>The Auk</em>, said a great +deal that was new and instructive +about the “Origin of Bird Migration;” +Mr. O. Widmann read an interesting +paper on “The Great Roosts on Gabberet +Island, opposite North St. Louis;” +J. Harris Reed presented a paper +on “The Terns of Gull Island, New York;” A. W. +Anthony read of “The Petrels of Southern California,” and +Mr. George H. Mackay talked interestingly +of “The Terns of Penikese Island, Mass.”</p> + +<p>There were other papers of interest +and value. “A Naturalist’s Expedition +to East Africa,” by D. G. Elliot, was, +however, the <em>pièce de résistance</em> of the +Congress. The lecture was delivered +in the lecture hall of the Museum, on +Wednesday at 8 p. m. It was illustrated +by stereopticon views, and in +the most remarkable manner. The +pictures were thrown upon an immense +canvas, were marvellously realistic, and +were so much admired by the great +audience, which overflowed the large +lecture hall, that the word demonstrative +does not describe their +enthusiasm. But the lecture! Description, +experience, suffering, adventure, +courage, torrid heat, wild beasts, +poisonous insects, venomous serpents, +half-civilized peoples, thirst,—almost +enough of torture to justify the use of +Coleridge’s Ancient Mariner in illustration,—and +yet a perpetual, quiet, +rollicking, jubilant humor, all-pervading, +and, at the close, on the lecturer’s +return once more to the beginning of +civilization, the eloquent picture of the +Cross, “full high advanced,” all combined, +made this lecture, to us, one of +the very few platform addresses entirely +worthy of the significance of unfading +portraiture.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 35em;"> +<span class="smcap">C. C. Marble.</span></p> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 447px;"> +<img src="images/i_006.jpg" width="447" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">mountain blue bird.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 18em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div><p> </p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 39px;"> +<img src="images/imgi.png" width="39" height="80" alt="I" title="" /> +</div> +<p>N an early number of <span class="smcap">Birds</span> we +presented a picture of the common +Bluebird, which has been +much admired. The mountain +Bluebird, whose beauty is +thought to excel that of his cousin, is +probably known to few of our readers +who live east of the Rocky Mountain +region, though he is a common winter +sojourner in the western part of Kansas, +beginning to arrive there the last +of September, and leaving in March and +April. The habits of these birds of +the central regions are very similar to +those of the eastern, but more wary +and silent. Even their love song is +said to be less loud and musical. It is +a rather feeble, plaintive, monotonous +warble, and their chirp and twittering +notes are weak. They subsist upon +the cedar berries, seeds of plants, grasshoppers, +beetles, and the like, which +they pick up largely upon the ground, +and occasionally scratch for among +the leaves. During the fall and winter +they visit the plains and valleys, +and are usually met with in small +flocks, until the mating season.</p> + +<p>Nests of the Mountain Bluebird +have been found in New Mexico and +Colorado, from the foothills to near +timber line, usually in deserted Woodpecker +holes, natural cavities in trees, +fissures in the sides of steep rocky +cliffs, and, in the settlements, in suitable +locations about and in the adobe +buildings. In settled portions of the +west it nests in the cornice of buildings, +under the eaves of porches, in the +nooks and corners of barns and outhouses, +and in boxes provided for its +occupation. Prof. Ridgway found the +Rocky Mountain Bluebird nesting in +Virginia City, Nevada, in June. The +nests were composed almost entirely +of dry grass. In some sections, however, +the inner bark of the cedar enters +largely into their composition. The +eggs are usually five, of a pale greenish-blue.</p> + +<p>The females of this species are distinguished +by a greener blue color and +longer wings, and this bird is often +called the Arctic Bluebird. It is emphatically +a bird of the mountains, its visits +to the lower portions of the country +being mainly during winter.</p> + + +<p style="margin-left: 10em;"> +Heaped in the hollows of the grove, the autumn leaves lie dead;<br /> +They rustle to the eddying gust, and to the rabbits’ tread.<br /> +The Robin and the Wren are flown, and from the shrubs the Jay,<br /> +And from the wood-top calls the Crow all through the gloomy day.<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 22em;" class="smcap">—Bryant.</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE ENGLISH SPARROW.</h2> + + +<p>“Oh, it’s just a common Sparrow,” +I hear Bobbie say to his +mamma, “why, I see lots of them +on the street every day.”</p> + +<p>Of course you do, but for all +that you know very little about +me I guess. Some people call +me “Hoodlum,” and “Pest,” +and even “Rat of the Air.” I +hope you don’t. It is only the +folks who don’t like me that call +me ugly names.</p> + +<p>Why don’t they like me?</p> + +<p>Well, in the first place the city +people, who like fine feathers, +you know, say I am not pretty; +then the farmers, who are not +grateful for the insects I eat, say +I devour the young buds and +vines as well as the ripened +grain. Then the folks who like +birds with fine feathers, and +that can sing like angels, such +as the Martin and the Bluebird +and a host of others, say I drive +them away, back to the forests +where they came from.</p> + +<p>Do I do all these things?</p> + +<p>I’m afraid I do. I like to +have my own way. Maybe you +know something about that yourself, +Bobbie. When I choose +a particular tree or place +for myself and family to live in, +I am going to have it if I have +to fight for it. I do chase the +other birds away then, to be +sure.</p> + +<p>Oh, no, I don’t always succeed. +Once I remember a Robin got +the better of me, so did a Catbird, +and another time a Baltimore +Oriole. When I can’t +whip a bird myself I generally +give a call and a whole troop of +Sparrows will come to my aid. +My, how we do enjoy a fuss like +that!</p> + +<p>A bully? Well, yes, if by that +you mean I rule around my own +house, then I <em>am</em> a bully. My +mate has to do just as I say, and +the little Sparrows have to mind +their papa, too.</p> + +<p>“Don’t hurt the little darlings, +papa,” says their mother, when it +comes time for them to fly, and +I hop about the nest, scolding +them at the top of my voice. +Then I scold her for daring to +talk to me, and sometimes make +her fly away while I teach the +young ones a thing or two. +Once in a while a little fellow +among them will “talk back.” +I don’t mind that though, if he +is a Cock Sparrow and looks +like his papa.</p> + +<p>No, we do not sing. We leave +that for the Song Sparrows. We +talk a great deal, though. In +the morning when we get up, +and at night when we go to bed +we chatter a great deal. Indeed +there are people shabby enough +to say that we are great nuisances +about that time.</p> + + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></span></p><hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 445px;"> +<img src="images/i_014.jpg" width="445" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">english sparrow.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 18em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div><p> </p> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE ENGLISH SPARROW.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;"> +<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" /> +</div> +<p>HE English Sparrow was first +introduced into the United +States at Brooklyn, New York, +in the years 1851 and ’52. +The trees in our parks were at that +time infested with a canker-worm, +which wrought them great injury, and +to rid the trees of these worms was the +mission of the English Sparrow.</p> + +<p>In his native country this bird, +though of a seed-eating family (Finch), +was a great insect eater. The few +which were brought over performed, +at first, the duty required of them; +they devoured the worms and stayed +near the cities. With the change of +climate, however, came a change in +their taste for insects. They made +their home in the country as well as +the cities, and became seed and +vegetable eaters, devouring the young +buds on vines and trees, grass-seed, +oats, rye, and other grains.</p> + +<p>Their services in insect-killing are +still not to be despised. A single pair +of these Sparrows, under observation +an entire day, were seen to convey to +their young no less than forty grubs +an hour, an average exceeding three +thousand in the course of a week. +Moreover, even in the autumn he +does not confine himself to grain, but +feeds on various seeds, such as the +dandelion, the sow-thistle, and the +groundsel; all of which plants are +classed as weeds. It has been known, +also, to chase and devour the common +white butterfly, whose caterpillars +make havoc among the garden plants.</p> + +<p>The good he may accomplish in +this direction, however, is nullified to +the lovers of the beautiful, by the war +he constantly wages upon our song +birds, destroying their young, and +substituting his unattractive looks and +inharmonious chirps for their beautiful +plumage and soul-inspiring songs.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Olive Thorne Miller in “Bird Ways” gives +a fascinating picture of +the wooing of a pair of Sparrows in a +maple tree, within sight of her city +window, their setting up house-keeping, +domestic quarrel, separation, and +the bringing home, immediately after, +of a new bride by the Cock Sparrow.</p> + +<p>She knows him to be a domestic +tryant, a bully in fact, self-willed and +violent, holding out, whatever the +cause of disagreement, till he gets his +own will; that the voices of the females +are less harsh than the males, the +chatter among themselves being quite +soft, as is their “baby-talk” to the +young brood.</p> + +<p>That they delight in a mob we all +know; whether a domestic skirmish or +danger to a nest, how they will all +congregate, chirping, pecking, scolding, +and often fighting in a fierce yet amusing +way! One cannot read these +chapters of Mrs. Miller’s without agreeing +with Whittier:</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 10em;"> +“Then, smiling to myself, I said,—<br /> + <span style="margin-left: .3em;">How like are men and birds!”</span></p> + +<p>Although a hardy bird, braving the +snow and frost of winter, it likes a +warm bed, to which it may retire after +the toils of the day. To this end its +resting place, as well as its nest, is +always stuffed with downy feathers. +Tramp, Hoodlum, Gamin, Rat of the +Air! Notwithstanding these more or +less deserved names, however, one cannot +view a number of homeless Sparrows, +presumably the last brood, seeking +shelter in any corner or crevice +from a winter’s storm, without a feeling +of deep compassion. The supports +of a porch last winter made but a cold +roosting place for three such wanderers +within sight of our study window, and +never did we behold them, ’mid a +storm of sleet and rain, huddle down +in their cold, ill-protected beds, without +resolving another winter should +see a home prepared for them.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></span></p> +<h2>ALLEN’S HUMMING BIRD.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;"> +<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" /> +</div> +<p>HE Humming birds, with their +varied beauties, constitute +the most remarkable feature +of the bird-life of America. +They have absolutely no representatives +in any other part of the world, +the Swifts being the nearest relatives +they have in other countries. Mr. +Forbes says that they abound most in +mountainous countries, where the surface +and productions of the soil are +most diversified within small areas. +They frequent both open and rare and +inaccessible places, and are often +found on the snowy peaks of Chimborazo +as high as 16,000 feet, and in +the very lowest valleys in the primeval +forests of Brazil, the vast palm-covered +districts of the deltas of the Amazon +and Orinoco, the fertile flats and +savannahs of Demarara, the luxurious +and beautiful region of Xalapa, +(the realm of perpetual sunshine), and +other parts of Mexico. Many of the +highest cones of extinct and existing +volcanoes have also furnished great +numbers of rare species.</p> + +<p>These birds are found as small as +a bumble bee and as large as a Sparrow. +The smallest is from Jamaica, +the largest from Patagonia.</p> + +<p>Allen’s Hummer is found on the +Pacific coast, north to British Columbia, +east to southern Arizona.</p> + +<p>Mr. Langille, +in “Our Birds in their Haunts,” beautifully +describes their +flights and manner of feeding. He +says “There are many birds the flight +of which is so rapid that the strokes of +their wings cannot be counted, but here +is a species with such nerve of wing +that its wing strokes cannot be seen. +‘A hazy semi-circle of indistinctness on +each side of the bird is all that is +perceptible.’ Poised in the air, his +body nearly perpendicular, he seems to +hang in front of the flowers which he +probes so hurriedly, one after the other, +with his long, slender bill. That long, +tubular, fork-shaped tongue may be +sucking up the nectar from those rather +small cylindrical blossoms, or it may +be capturing tiny insects housed away +there. Much more like a large sphynx +moth hovering and humming over +the flowers in the dusky twilight, than +like a bird, appears this delicate, fairy-like +beauty. How the bright green of +the body gleams and glistens in the +sunlight. Each imperceptible stroke +of those tiny wings conforms to the +mechanical laws of flight in all their +subtle complications with an ease and +gracefulness that seems spiritual. Who +can fail to note that fine adjustment of +the organs of flight to aerial elasticity +and gravitation, by which that astonishing +bit of nervous energy can rise and +fall almost on the perpendicular, dart +from side to side, as if by magic, or, +assuming the horizontal position, pass +out of sight like a shooting star? Is it +not impossible to conceive of all this +being done by that rational calculation +which enables the rower to row, or the +sailor to sail his boat?”</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 12em;"> +“What heavenly tints in mingling radiance fly,<br /> +Each rapid movement gives a different dye;<br /> +Like scales of burnished gold they dazzling show,<br /> +Now sink to shade, now like a furnace glow.”</p> + +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 440px;"> +<img src="images/i_019.jpg" width="393" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">allens humming bird.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. F. M. Woodruff.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 18em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE GREEN-WINGED TEAL.</h2> + + +<p>Just a common Duck?</p> + +<p>No, I’m not. There is only one +other Duck handsomer than I am, and +he is called the Wood Duck. You +have heard something about him +before. I am a much smaller Duck, +but size doesn’t count much, I find +when it comes to getting on in the +world—in <em>our</em> world, that is. I have +seen a Sparrow worry a bird four times +its size, and I expect you have seen a +little boy do the same with a big boy +many a time.</p> + +<p>What is the reason I’m not a common +Duck?</p> + +<p>Well, in the first place, I don’t waddle. +I can walk just as gracefully as I +can swim. Your barn-yard Duck +can’t do that. I can run, too, without +getting all tangled up in the grass, and +he can’t do that, either. But sometimes +I don’t mind associating with +the common Duck. If he lives in a +nice big barn-yard, that has a good +pond, and is fed with plenty of grain, +I visit him quite often.</p> + +<p>Where do I generally live?</p> + +<p>Well, along the edges of shallow, +grassy waters, where I feed upon +grass, seeds, acorns, grapes, berries, as +well as insects, worms, and small snails. +I walk quite a distance from the water +to get these things, too.</p> + +<p>Can I fly?</p> + +<p>Indeed I can, and very swiftly. You +can see I am no common Duck when +I can swim, and walk, and fly. <em>You</em> +can’t do the last, though you can the +first two.</p> + +<p>Good to eat?</p> + +<p>Well, yes, they say when I feed on +rice and wild oats I am perfectly +delicious. Some birds were, you see, +born to sing, and flit about in the +trees, and look beautiful, while some +were born to have their feathers taken +off, and be roasted, and to look fine +in a big dish on the table. The +Teal Duck is one of those birds. You +see we are useful as well as pretty. +We don’t mind it much if you eat us +and say, “what a fine bird!” but +when you call us “tough,” that hurts +our feelings.</p> + +<p>Good for Christmas?</p> + +<p>Oh, yes, or any other time—when +you can catch us! We fly so fast that +it is not easy to do; and can dive +under the water, too, when wounded.</p> + +<p>Something about our nests?</p> + +<p>Oh, they are built upon the ground, +in a dry tuft of grass and weeds and +lined with feathers. My mate often +plucks the feathers from her own +breast to line it. Sometimes she lays +ten eggs, indeed once she laid sixteen.</p> + +<p>Such a family of Ducklings as we +had that year! You should have seen +them swimming after their mother, +and all crying, <em>Quack, quack, quack!</em> +like babies as they were.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE GREEN-WINGED TEAL.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 93px;"> +<img src="images/imga1.png" width="93" height="80" alt="A" title="" /> +</div> +<p> HANDSOME little Duck +indeed is this, well known +to sportsmen, and very +abundant throughout +North America. It is +migratory in its habits, and nests from +Minnesota and New Brunswick northward, +returning southward in winter +to Central America and Cuba.</p> + +<p>The green wing is commonly found +in small flocks along the edges of +shallow, grassy waters, feeding largely +upon seeds of grasses, small acorns, +fallen grapes or berries, as well as +aquatic insects, worms, and small snails. +In their search for acorns these ducks +are often found quite a distance from +the water, in exposed situations feeding +largely in the night, resting during +the day upon bogs or small bare spots, +closely surrounded and hidden by +reeds and grasses.</p> + +<p>On land this Duck moves with more +ease and grace than any other of its +species except the Wood Duck, and it +can run with considerable speed. In +the water also it moves with great +ease and rapidity, and on the wing it +is one of the swiftest of its tribe. From +the water it rises with a single spring +and so swiftly that it can be struck +only by a very expert marksman; +when wounded it dives readily.</p> + +<p>As the Teal is more particular in +the selection of its food than are most +Ducks, its flesh, in consequence, is very +delicious. Audubon says that when +this bird has fed on wild oats at Green +Bay, or soaked rice in the fields of +Georgia or Carolina, it is much superior +to the Canvas back in tenderness, +juiciness, and flavor.</p> + +<p>G. Arnold, in the <em>Nidologist</em>, says +while traveling through the northwest +he was surprised to see the number of +Ducks and other wild fowl in close +proximity to the railway tracks. He +found a number of Teal nests within +four feet of the rails of the Canadian +Pacific in Manitoba. The warm, +sun-exposed banks along the railway +tracks, shrouded and covered with +thick grass, afford a very fair protection +for the nests and eggs from +water and marauders of every kind. +As the section men seldom disturbed +them—not being collectors—the birds +soon learned to trust them and would +sit on their nests by the hour while the +men worked within a few feet of them.</p> + +<p>The green-winged Teal is essentially +a fresh-water bird, rarely being met with +near the sea. Its migrations are over +the land and not along the sea shore. +It has been seen to associate with the +Ducks in a farmer’s yard or pond and +to come into the barn-yard with tame +fowls and share the corn thrown out +for food.</p> + +<p>The nests of the Teal are built upon +the ground, generally in dry tufts of +grass and often quite a distance from +the water. They are made of grass, +and weeds, etc., and lined with down. +In Colorado under a sage brush, a nest +was found which had been scooped in +the sand and lined warmly with down +evidently taken from the bird’s own +breast, which was plucked nearly bare. +This nest contained ten eggs.</p> + +<p>The number of eggs, of a pale buff +color, is usually from eight to twelve, +though frequently sixteen or eighteen +have been found. It is far more prolific +than any of the Ducks resorting +to Hudson’s Bay, and Mr. Hearn says +he has seen the old ones swimming at +the head of seventeen young when the +latter were not much larger than walnuts.</p> + +<p>In autumn the males usually keep +in separate flocks from the females +and young. Their notes are faint and +piping and their wings make a loud +whistling during flight.</p> + +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/i_025.jpg" width="600" height="492" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">green-winged teal.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -6em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 21em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 25em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE BLACK GROUSE.</h2> + + +<p style="margin-left: 11.5em;"> +Alone on English moors I’ve seen the Black Cock stray,<br /> +Sounding his earnest love-note on the air.<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 19em;" class="smcap">—Anon.</span></p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 116px;"> +<img src="images/imgw.png" width="116" height="80" alt="W" title="" /> +</div> +<p>ELL known as the Black +Cock is supposed to be, +we fancy few of our readers +have ever seen a specimen. +It is a native of the more +southern countries of Europe, and still +survives in many portions of the British +Islands, especially those localities +where the pine woods and heaths afford +it shelter, and it is not driven away by +the presence of human habitation.</p> + +<p>The male bird is known to resort at +the beginning of the nesting season to +some open spot, where he utters his +love calls, and displays his new dress +to the greatest advantage, for the purpose +of attracting as many females as +may be willing to consort with him. +His note when thus engaged is loud +and resonant, and can be heard at a +considerable distance. This crowing +sound is accompanied by a harsh, +grating, stridulous kind of cry which +has been compared to the noise produced +by whetting a scythe. The +Black Cock does not pair, but leaves +his numerous mates to the duties of +maternity and follows his own desires +while they prepare their nests, lay +their eggs, hatch them, and bring up +the young. The mother bird, however, +is a fond, watchful parent, and +when she has been alarmed by man or +a prowling beast, has been known to +remove her eggs to some other locality, +where she thinks they will not be +discovered.</p> + +<p>The nest is carelessly made of grasses +and stout herbage, on the ground, +under the shelter of grass and bushes. +There are from six to ten eggs of yellowish +gray, with spots of light +brown. The young are fed first upon +insects, and afterwards on berries, +grain, and the buds and shoots of trees.</p> + +<p>The Black Grouse is a wild and +wary creature. The old male which +has survived a season or two is particularly +shy and crafty, distrusting both +man and dog, and running away as +soon as he is made aware of approaching +danger.</p> + +<p>In the autumn the young males +separate themselves from the other sex +and form a number of little bachelor +establishments of their own, living +together in harmony until the next nesting +season, when they all begin to fall +in love; “the apple of discord is +thrown among them by the charms of +the hitherto repudiated sex, and their +rivalries lead them into determined +and continual battles, which do not +cease until the end of the season +restores them to peace and sobriety.”</p> + +<p>The coloring of the female is quite +different from that of the male Grouse. +Her general color is brown, with a +tinge of orange, barred with black and +speckled with the same hue, the spots +and bars being larger on the breast, +back, and wings, and the feathers on +the breast more or less edged with +white. The total length of the adult +male is about twenty-two inches, and +that of the female from seventeen to +eighteen inches. She also weighs +nearly one-third less than her mate, +and is popularly termed the Heath +Hen.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[Pg 218]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE AMERICAN FLAMINGO.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 39px;"> +<img src="images/imgi.png" width="39" height="80" alt="I" title="" /> +</div> +<p>N this interesting family of birds +are included seven species, distributed +throughout the tropics. +Five species are American, of +which one reaches our southern +border in Florida. Chapman says +that they are gregarious at all seasons, +are rarely found far from the seacoasts, +and their favorite resorts are shallow +bays or vast mud flats which are +flooded at high water. In feeding the +bill is pressed downward into the +mud, its peculiar shape making the +point turn upward. The ridges along +its sides serve as strainers through +which are forced the sand and mud +taken in with the food.</p> + +<p>The Flamingo is resident in the +United States only in the vicinity +of Cape Sable, Florida, where flocks +of sometimes a thousand of these +rosy vermillion creatures are seen. +A wonderful sight indeed. Mr. D. +P. Ingraham spent more or less +of his time for four seasons in the +West Indies among them. He states +that the birds inhabit the shallow +lagoons and bays having soft clayey +bottoms. On the border of these the +nest is made by working the clay up +into a mound which, in the first +season, is perhaps not more than a foot +high and about eight inches in +diameter at the top and fifteen inches +at the base. If the birds are unmolested +they will return to the same +nesting place from year to year, each +season augmenting the nest by the +addition of mud at the top, leaving a +slight depression for the eggs. He +speaks of visiting the nesting grounds +where the birds had nested the previous +year and their mound-like nests were +still standing. The birds nest in June. +The number of eggs is usually two, +sometimes only one and rarely three. +When three are found in a nest it is +generally believed that the third has +been laid by another female.</p> + +<p>The stature of this remarkable bird +is nearly five feet, and it weighs in the +flesh six or eight pounds. On the +nest the birds sit with their long legs +doubled under them. The old story +of the Flamingo bestriding its nest +in an ungainly attitude while sitting +is an absurd fiction.</p> + +<p>The eggs are elongate-ovate in shape, +with a thick shell, roughened with a +white flakey substance, but bluish +when this is scraped off. It requires +thirty-two days for the eggs to hatch.</p> + +<p>The very fine specimen we present +in <span class="smcap">Birds</span> represents the Flamingo +feeding, the upper surface of the +unique bill, which is abruptly bent in +the middle, facing the ground.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[Pg 219]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[Pg 220]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/i_033.jpg" width="600" height="445" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">black grouse.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -6em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. C. E. Petford.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 21em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 25em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[Pg 221]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[Pg 222]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/i_034.jpg" width="600" height="448" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">flamingo.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -6em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 21em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 25em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[Pg 223]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE BIRDS OF BETHLEHEM.</h2> + + +<p class="center">I.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> +I heard the bells of Bethlehem ring—<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Their voice was sweeter than the priests’;</span><br /> +I heard the birds of Bethlehem sing<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Unbidden in the churchly feasts.</span></p> + + +<p class="center">II.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> +They clung and swung on the swinging chain<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">High in the dim and incensed air;</span><br /> +The priest, with repetitions vain,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Chanted a never ending prayer.</span></p> + + +<p class="center">III.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> +So bell and bird and priest I heard,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">But voice of bird was most to me—</span><br /> +It had no ritual, no word,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And yet it sounded true and free.</span></p> + + +<p class="center">IV.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> +I thought child Jesus, were he there,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Would like the singing birds the best,</span><br /> +And clutch his little hands in air<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And smile upon his mother’s breast.</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 10em;" class="smcap">R. W. Gilder</span>, in <em>The Century</em>.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[Pg 224]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE BIRD’S STORY.</h2> + + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +“I once lived in a little house,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And lived there very well;</span><br /> +I thought the world was small and round,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And made of pale blue shell.</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +I lived next in a little nest,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nor needed any other;</span><br /> +I thought the world was made of straw,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And brooded by my mother.</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +One day I fluttered from the nest<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">To see what I could find.</span><br /> +I said: ‘The world is made of leaves,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">I have been very blind.’</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +At length I flew beyond the tree,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Quite fit for grown-up labors;</span><br /> +I don’t know how the world <em>is</em> made,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And neither do my neighbors.”</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[Pg 225]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[Pg 226]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 444px;"> +<img src="images/i_039.jpg" width="444" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">verdin.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. F. M. Woodruff.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 18em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div><p> </p> + + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[Pg 227]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE VERDIN.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 93px;"> +<img src="images/imga1.png" width="93" height="80" alt="A" title="" /> +</div> +<p> DAINTY little creature +indeed is the Yellow-headed +Bush Tit, or Verdin, being +smaller than the largest +North American Humming +Bird, which inhabits southern Arizona +and southward. It is a common +bird in suitable localities throughout +the arid regions of Northern +Mexico, the southern portions of Texas, +Arizona, New Mexico, and in Lower +California. In spite of its diminutive +size it builds a remarkable structure +for a nest—large and bulky, and a +marvel of bird architecture. Davie +says it is comparatively easy to find, +being built near the ends of the +branches of some low, thorny tree or +shrub, and in the numerous varieties +of cacti and thorny bushes which grow +in the regions of its home.</p> + +<p>The nest is globular, flask-shaped or +retort shape in form, the outside being +one mass of thorny twigs and stems +interwoven, while the middle is composed +of flower-stems and the lining is +of feathers. The entrance is a small +circular opening. Mr. Atwater says +that the birds occupy the nests during +the winter months. They are generally +found nesting in the high, dry +parts of the country, away from tall +timber, where the thorns are the +thickest. From three to six eggs are +laid, of a bluish or greenish-white or +pale blue, speckled, chiefly round the +larger end, with reddish brown.</p> + +<hr style='width: 20%;' /> + +<p style="margin-left: 11em;"> +“The woods were made for the hunters of dreams,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">The brooks for the fishers of song.</span><br /> +To the hunters who hunt for the gunless game<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">The woods and the streams belong.</span><br /> +There are thoughts that moan from the soul of the pine,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And thoughts in the flower-bell curled,</span><br /> +And the thoughts that are blown from the scent of the fern<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Are as new and as old as the world.”</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[Pg 228]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE BRONZED GRACKLE.</h2> + + +<p>You can call me the Crow +Blackbird, little folks, if you +want to. People generally call +me by that name.</p> + +<p>I look something like the Crow +in the <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30103/30103-h/30103-h.htm">March</a> number of <span class="smcap">Birds</span>, +don’t I? My dress is handsomer +than his, though. Indeed +I am said to be a splendid looking +bird, my bronze coat showing +very finely in the trees.</p> + +<p>The Crow said <em>Caw, Caw, +Caw!</em> to the little boys and +girls. That was his way of +talking. My voice is not so +harsh as his. I have a note +which some people think is +quite sweet; then my throat +gets rusty and I have some +trouble in finishing my tune. I +puff out my feathers, spread my +wings and tail, then lifting +myself on the perch force out +the other notes of my song. +Maybe you have seen a singer +on the stage, instead of a perch, +do the same thing. Had to get +on his tip-toes to reach a high +note, you know.</p> + +<p>Like the Crow I visit the cornfields, +too. In the spring when +the man with the plow turns +over the rich earth, I follow +after and pick up all the grubs +and insects I can find. They +would destroy the young corn +if I didn’t eat them. Then, +when the corn grows up, I, my +sisters, and my cousins, and my +aunts drop down into the field in +great numbers. Such a picnic +as we do have! The farmers +don’t seem to like it, but certainly +they ought to pay us for +our work in the spring, don’t +you think? Then I think +worms as a steady diet are not +good for anybody, not even a +Crow, do you?</p> + +<p>We like nuts, too, and little +crayfish which we find on the +edges of ponds. No little boy +among you can beat us in going +a-nutting.</p> + +<p>We Grackles are a very +sociable family, and like to visit +about among our neighbors. +Then we hold meetings and all +of us try to talk at once. People +say we are very noisy at such +times, and complain a good deal. +They ought to think of their +own meetings. They do a great +deal of talking at such times, too, +and sometimes break up in a fight.</p> + +<p>How do I know? Well, a little +bird told me so.</p> + +<p>Yes, we build our nest as other +birds do; ours is not a dainty +affair; any sort of trash mixed +with mud will do for the outside. +The inside we line with +fine dry grass. My mate does +most of the work, while I do the +talking. That is to let the +Robin and other birds know I +am at home, and they better not +come around.<br /> + +<span style="margin-left: 35em;"> +Yours,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 32em;" class="smcap">Mr. Bronzed Grackle.</span></p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[Pg 229]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[Pg 230]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/i_046.jpg" width="600" height="413" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">bronzed grackle</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -6em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 21em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 25em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div><p> </p> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[Pg 231]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE BRONZED GRACKLE.</h2> + + +<p style="margin-left: 13.5em;"> +First come the Blackbirds clatt’rin in tall trees,<br /> +And settlin’ things in windy congresses,<br /> +Queer politicians though, for I’ll be skinned<br /> +If all on ’em don’t head against the wind.<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 13em;" class="smcap">—Lowell.</span></p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 81px;"> +<img src="images/imgb.png" width="81" height="80" alt="B" title="" /> +</div> +<p>Y the more familiar name +of Crow Blackbird this +fine but unpopular bird is +known, unpopular among +the farmers for his depredations +in their cornfields, though the +good he does in ridding the soil, even +at the harvest season, of noxious +insects and grubs should be set down +to his credit.</p> + +<p>The Bronzed Grackle or Western +Crow Blackbird, is a common species +everywhere in its range, from the +Alleghenies and New England north +to Hudson Bay, and west to the Rocky +Mountains. It begins nesting in favorable +seasons as early as the middle +of March, and by the latter part of +April many of the nests are finished. +It nests anywhere in trees or bushes +or boughs, or in hollow limbs or +stumps at any height. A clump of +evergreen trees in a lonely spot is a +favorite site, in sycamore groves along +streams, and in oak woodlands. It is +by no means unusual to see in the +same tree several nests, some saddled +on horizontal branches, others built in +large forks, and others again in holes, +either natural or those made by the +Flicker. A long list of nesting sites +might be given, including Martin-houses, +the sides of Fish Hawk’s nests, +and in church spires, where the Blackbirds’ +“clatterin’” is drowned by the +tolling bell.</p> + +<p>The nest is a coarse, bulky affair, +composed of grasses, knotty roots +mixed with mud, and lined with fine +dry grass, horse hair, or sheep’s wool. +The eggs are light greenish or smoky +blue, with irregular lines, dots and +blotches distributed over the surface. +The eggs average four to six, though +nests have been found containing seven.</p> + +<p>The Bronze Grackle is a bird of +many accomplishments. He does not +hop like the ordinary bird, but +imitates the Crow in his stately walk, +says one who has watched him with +interest. He can pick beech nuts, +catch cray fish without getting nipped, +and fish for minnows alongside of any +ten-year-old. While he is flying +straight ahead you do not notice anything +unusual, but as soon as he turns +or wants to alight you see his tail +change from the horizontal to the +vertical—into a rudder. Hence he is +called keel-tailed.</p> + +<p>The Grackle is as omnivorous as the +Crow or Blue Jay, without their sense +of humor, and whenever opportunity +offers will attack and eat smaller birds, +especially the defenseless young. His +own meet with the like fate, a fox +squirrel having been seen to emerge +from a hole in a large dead tree with +a young Blackbird in its mouth. The +Squirrel was attacked by a number +of Blackbirds, who were greatly +excited, but it paid no attention to +their demonstrations and scampered +off into the wood with his prey. Of +their quarrels with Robins and other +birds much might be written. Those +who wish to investigate their remarkable +habits will do well to read the acute +and elaborate observations of Mr. +Lyndes Jones, in a recent Bulletin of +Oberlin College. He has studied for +several seasons the remarkable Bronze +Grackle roost on the college campus +at that place, where thousands of these +birds congregate from year to year, +and, though more or less offensive to +some of the inhabitants, add considerably +to the attractiveness of the +university town.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[Pg 232]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE RING-NECKED PHEASANT.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 116px;"> +<img src="images/imgw.png" width="116" height="80" alt="W" title="" /> +</div> +<p>E are fortunate in being +able to present our readers +with a genuine specimen +of the Ring-Necked species +of this remarkable family of birds, +as the Ring-Neck has been crossed +with the Mongolian to such an extent, +especially in many parts of the United +States, that they are practically the +same bird now. They are gradually +taking the place of Prairie Chickens, +which are becoming extinct. The +hen will hatch but once each year, and +then in the late spring. She will +hatch a covey of from eighteen to +twenty-two young birds from each setting. +The bird likes a more open +country than the quail, and nests only +in the open fields, although it will +spend much time roaming through +timberland. Their disposition is much +like that of the quail, and at the first +sign of danger they will rush into hiding. +They are handy and swift flyers +and runners. In the western states +they will take the place of the Prairie +Chicken, and in Ohio will succeed the +Quail and common Pheasant.</p> + +<p>While they are hardy birds, it is said +that the raising of Mongolian-English +Ring-Necked Pheasants is no easy +task. The hens do not make +regular nests, but lay their eggs on the +ground of the coops, where they are +picked up and placed in a patent box, +which turns the eggs over daily. +After the breeding season the male +birds are turned into large parks until +February.</p> + +<p>The experiment which is now being +made in Ohio—if it can be properly so +termed, thousands of birds having been +liberated and begun to increase—has +excited wide-spread interest. A few +years ago the Ohio Fish and Game +Commission, after hearing of the great +success of Judge Denny, of Portland, +Oregon, in rearing these birds in that +state, decided it would be time and +money well spent if they should devote +their attention and an “appropriation” +to breeding and rearing these attractive +game birds. And the citizens of that +state are taking proper measures to see +that they are protected. Recently +more than two thousand Pheasants +were shipped to various counties of the +state, where the natural conditions are +favorable, and where the commission +has the assurance that the public will +organize for the purpose of protecting +the Pheasants. A law has been enacted +forbidding the killing of the birds +until November 15, 1900. Two hundred +pairs liberated last year increased +to over two thousand. When not +molested the increase is rapid. If the +same degree of success is met with +between now and 1900, with the strict +enforcement of the game laws, Ohio +will be well stocked with Pheasants in +a few years. They will prove a great +benefit to the farmers, and will more +than recompense them for the little +grain they may take from the fields in +destroying bugs and insects that are +now agents of destruction to the growing +crops.</p> + +<p>The first birds were secured by Mr. +E. H. Shorb, of Van Wert, Ohio, from +Mr. Verner De Guise, of Rahway, N. J. +A pair of Mongolian Pheasants, and a +pair of English Ring-Necks were +secured from the Wyandache Club, +Smithtown, L. I. These birds were +crossed, thus producing the English +Ring-Neck Mongolian Pheasants, +which are larger and better birds, and +by introducing the old English Ring-Neck +blood, a bird was produced that +does not wander, as the thoroughbred +Mongolian Pheasant does.</p> + +<p>Such of our readers as appreciate +the beauty and quality of this superb +specimen will no doubt wish to have +it framed for the embellishment of the +dining room.</p> + +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[Pg 233]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[Pg 234]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/i_052.jpg" width="600" height="436" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">ring-necked pheasant.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -6em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 21em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 25em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[Pg 235]</a></span></p> +<h2>BIRD MISCELLANY.</h2> + + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Knowledge never learned of schools<br /> +Of the wild bee’s morning chase,<br /> +Of the wild-flowers’ time and place,<br /> +Flight of fowl and habitude<br /> +Of the tenants of the wood;<br /> +How the tortoise bears his shell;<br /> +How the woodchuck digs his cell;<br /> +And the ground-mole makes his well;<br /> +How the robin feeds her young;<br /> +How the oriole’s nest is hung.<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="smcap">—Whittier.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 25%;' /> + +<p>Consider the marvellous life of a bird and the manner of its whole +existence.... Consider the powers of that little mind of which the +inner light flashes from the round bright eye; the skill in building +its home, in finding its food, in protecting its mate, in serving +its offspring, in preserving its own existence, surrounded as it is +on all sides by the most rapacious enemies....</p> + +<p>When left alone it is such a lovely little life—cradled among the +hawthorn buds, searching for aphidæ amongst apple blossoms, drinking +dew from the cup of a lily; awake when the gray light breaks in the +east, throned on the topmost branch of a tree, swinging with it in +the sunshine, flying from it through the air; then the friendly +quarrel with a neighbor over a worm or berry; the joy of bearing +grass-seed to his mate where she sits low down amongst the docks +and daisies; the triumph of singing the praise of sunshine or of +moonlight; the merry, busy, useful days; the peaceful sleep, +steeped in the scent of the closed flower, with head under one +wing and the leaves forming a green roof above.<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 26em;" class="smcap">—Ouida.</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[Pg 236]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT.</h2> + + +<p>I am often heard, but seldom +seen. If I were a little boy or a +little girl, grown people would +tell me I should be seen and not +heard. That’s the difference +between you and a bird like me, +you see.</p> + +<p>It would repay you to make +my acquaintance. I am such a +jolly bird. Sometimes I get all +the dogs in my neighborhood +howling by whistling just like +their masters. Another time I +mew like a cat, then again I give +some soft sweet notes different +from those of any bird you ever +heard.</p> + +<p>In the spring, when my mate +and I begin house-keeping, I do +some very funny things, like the +clown in a circus. I feel so +happy that I go up a tree branch +by branch, by short flights and +jumps, till I get to the very top. +Then I launch myself in the air, +as a boy dives when he goes +swimming, and you would laugh +to see me flirting my tail, and +dangling my legs, coming down +into the thicket by odd jerks and +motions.</p> + +<p>It really is so funny that I +burst out laughing myself, saying, +<em>chatter-chatter, chat-chat-chat-chat!</em> +I change my tune sometimes, +and it sounds like <em>who +who</em>, and <em>tea-boy</em>.</p> + +<p>You must be cautious though, +if you want to see me go through +my performance. Even when I +am doing those funny things in +the air I have an eye out for +my enemies. Should I see you +I would hide myself in the +bushes and as long as you were +in sight I would be angry and +say <em>chut, chut!</em> as cross as +could be.</p> + +<p>Have I any other name?</p> + +<p>Yes, I am called the Yellow +Mockingbird. But that name +belongs to another. His picture +was in the <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30666/30666-h/30666-h.htm">June</a> number of <span class="smcap">Birds</span>, +so you know something about +him. They say I imitate other +birds as he does. But I do +more than that. I can throw my +voice in one place, while I am in +another.</p> + +<p>It is a great trick, and I get +lots of sport out of it.</p> + +<p>Do you know what that trick +is called? If not, ask your +papa. It is such a long word I +am afraid to use it.</p> + +<p>About my nest?</p> + +<p>Oh, yes, I am coming to that. +I arrive in this country about +May 1, and leave for the south +in the winter. My nest is nothing +to boast of; rather big, made +of leaves, bark, and dead twigs, +and lined with fine grasses and +fibrous roots. My mate lays +eggs, white in color, and our +little ones are, like their papa, +very handsome.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[Pg 237]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[Pg 238]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 434px;"> +<img src="images/i_058.jpg" width="434" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">yellow-breasted chat.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. F. M. Woodruff.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="font-size: .8em; margin-left: 1em;" class="smcap"><strong>chicago colortype co.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div><p> </p> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[Pg 239]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 93px;"> +<img src="images/imga1.png" width="93" height="80" alt="A" title="" /> +</div> +<p> COMMON name for this +bird, the largest of the warblers, +is the Yellow Mockingbird. +It is found in the +eastern United States, +north to the Connecticut Valley and +Great Lakes; west to the border of the +Great Plains; and in winter in eastern +Mexico and Guatemala. It frequents +the borders of thickets, briar patches, +or wherever there is a low, dense +growth of bushes—the thornier and +more impenetrable the better.</p> + +<p>“After an acquaintance of many years,” says +Frank M. Chapman, “I +frankly confess that the character of +the Yellow-Crested Chat is a mystery +to me. While listening to his strange +medley and watching his peculiar +actions, we are certainly justified in +calling him eccentric, but that there +is a method in his madness no one who +studies him can doubt.”</p> + +<p>By many observers this bird is +dubbed clown or harlequin, so peculiar +are his antics or somersaults in the air; +and by others “mischief maker,” +because of his ventriloquistic and +imitating powers, and the variety of his +notes. In the latter direction he is +surpassed only by the Mockingbird.</p> + +<p>The mewing of a cat, the barking of +a dog, and the whistling sound produced +by a Duck’s wings when flying, +though much louder, are common +imitations with him. The last can +be perfectly imitated by a good +whistler, bringing the bird instantly to +the spot, where he will dodge in and +out among the bushes, uttering, if the +whistling be repeated, a deep toned +emphatic <em>tac</em>, or hollow, resonant +<em>meow</em>.</p> + +<p>In the mating season he is the noisiest +bird in the woods. At this time +he may be observed in his wonderful +aerial evolutions, dangling his legs +and flirting his tail, singing vociferously +the while—a sweet song different +from all his jests and jeers—and +descending by odd jerks to the thicket. +After a few weeks he abandons these +clown-like maneuvers and becomes a +shy, suspicious haunter of the depths +of the thicket, contenting himself in +taunting, teasing, and misleading, by +his variety of calls, any bird, beast, or +human creature within hearing.</p> + +<p>All these notes are uttered with +vehemence, and with such strange and +various modulations as to appear near +or distant, in the manner of a ventriloquist. +In mild weather, during +moonlight nights, his notes are heard +regularly, as though the performer +were disputing with the echoes of his +own voice.</p> + +<p>“Perhaps I ought to be ashamed to +confess it,” says Mr. Bradford Torrey, +after a visit to the Senate and House +of Representatives at Washington, +“but after all, the congressman in +feathers interested me most. I thought +indeed, that the <em>Chat</em> might well +enough have been elected to the lower +house. His volubility and waggish +manners would have made him quite +at home in that assembly, while his +orange colored waistcoat would have +given him an agreeable conspicuity. +But, to be sure, he would have needed +to learn the use of tobacco.”</p> + +<p>The nest of the Chat is built in a +thicket, usually in a thorny bush or +thick vine five feet above the ground. +It is bulky, composed exteriorly of dry +leaves, strips of loose grape vine bark, +and similar materials, and lined with +fine grasses and fibrous roots. The +eggs are three to five in number, glossy +white, thickly spotted with various +shades of rich, reddish brown and +lilac; some specimens however have +a greenish tinge, and others a pale +pink.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[Pg 240]</a></span></p> +<h2>SUMMARY.</h2> + + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_203">203</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>MOUNTAIN BLUEBIRD.</strong>—<em>Sialia arctica.</em> +Other names: “Rocky Mountain” and “Arctic Bluebird.”</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Rocky Mountain region, north to +Great Slave Lake, south to Mexico, west to the +higher mountain ranges along the Pacific.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—Placed in deserted Woodpecker holes, +natural cavities of trees, nooks and corners of +barns and outhouses; composed of dry grass.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Commonly five, of pale, plain greenish +blue.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>ENGLISH SPARROW.</strong>—<em>Passer domesticus.</em> +Other names: “European Sparrow,” “House Sparrow.”</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Southern Europe. Introduced into +and naturalized in North America, Australia, +and other countries.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—Of straw and refuse generally, in +holes, boxes, trees, any place that will afford +protection.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Five to seven.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>ALLEN’S HUMMING BIRD.</strong>—<em>Selasphorus alleni.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Pacific coast, north to British Columbia, +east to southern Arizona.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—Plant down, covered with lichens.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Two, white.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>GREEN-WINGED TEAL.</strong>—<em>Anas carolinensis.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—North America, migrating south to +Honduras and Cuba.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—On the ground, in a thick growth +of grass.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Five to eight, greenish-buff, usually +oval.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>BLACK GROUSE.</strong>—<em>Tetrao tetrix.</em> +Other name: “Black Cock.”</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Southern Europe and the British +Islands.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—Carelessly made, of grasses and stout +herbage, on the ground.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Six to ten, of yellowish gray, with +spots of light brown.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>AMERICAN FLAMINGO.</strong>—<em>Phœnicopterus ruber.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Atlantic coasts of sub-tropical and +tropical America; Florida Keys.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—Mass of earth, sticks, and other +material scooped up to the height of several feet +and hollow at the top.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—One or two, elongate-ovate in shape, +with thick shell, roughened with a white flakey +substance, but bluish when this is scraped off.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>VERDIN.</strong>—<em>Auriparus flaviceps.</em> +Other name: “Yellow-headed Bush Tit.”</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Northern regions of Mexico and +contiguous portions of the United States, from +southern Texas to Arizona and Lower California.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—Globular, the outside being one mass +of thorny twigs and stems interwoven, and +lined with feathers.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Three to six, of a bluish or greenish +white color, speckled with reddish brown.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>BRONZED GRACKLE.</strong>—<em>Quiscalus quiscula æneus.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Eastern North America from the +Alleghenies and New England north to Hudson +Bay, west to the Rocky Mountains.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—In sycamore trees and oak woodlands +a coarse bulky structure of grasses, knotty roots, +mixed with mud, lined with horse hair or wool.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Four to six, of a light greenish or +smoky-blue, with lines, dots, blotches and +scrawls on the surface.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>RING-NECKED PHEASANT.</strong>—<em>Phasianus torquatus.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Throughout China; have been +introduced into England and the United States.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—On the ground under bushes.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Vary, from thirteen to twenty.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>YELLOW-BREASTED CHAT.</strong>—<em>Icteria virens.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Eastern United States to the Great +Plains, north to Ontario and southern New +England; south in winter through eastern +Mexico to Northern Central America.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—In briar thickets from two to five feet +up, of withered leaves, dry grasses, strips of +bark, lined with finer grasses.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Three or four, white, with a glossy +surface.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>VOLUME II. JULY TO DECEMBER, 1897.</h2> + +<p> </p> + +<h2>INDEX.</h2> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" summary=""> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Anhinga, or Snake Bird, <em>Anhinga Anhinga</em></td> <td align='center'>pages</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_26">26-27</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Avocet, American, <em>Recurvirostra Americana</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_14">14-15</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Audubon, John James</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_161">161</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Birds of Bethlehem</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_223">223</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Bird Song</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_1">1</a>- + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_41">41</a>- + <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_81">81</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Birds in Captivity</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_121">121</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Birds of Passage</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_173">173</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Bird Miscellany</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_195">195</a>-<a href="#Page_235">235</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Blue Bird, Mountain, <em>Sialia arctica</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_203">203-205</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Bunting, Lazuli, <em>Passerina amoena</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_196">196-198-199</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Chimney Swift, <em>Chætura pelagica</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_131">131-133</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Captive’s Escape</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_116">116</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Chat, Yellow-Breasted, <em>Icteria virens</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_236">236-238-239</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Cuckoo, Yellow-Billed, <em>Coccyzus americanus</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_94">94-95</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Dove, Mourning, <em>Zenaidura macrura</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_111">111-112-113</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Duck, Canvas-back, <em>Athya valisneria</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_18">18-20</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Duck, Mallard, <em>Anas boschas</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_10">10-11-13</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Duck, Wood, <em>Aix Sponsa</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_21">21-23-24</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Eagle, Baldheaded, <em>Haliœtus lencocephalus</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_2">2-3-5</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Flamingo, <em>Phœnicopterus ruber</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_218">218-221</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Flycatcher, Vermillion, <em>Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_192">192-193</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Gold Finch, American, <em>Spinus tristis</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_128">128-129-130</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Goose, White-fronted, <em>Anser albifrons gambeli</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_166">166-168-169</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Grackle, Bronzed, <em>Quiscalus quiscula</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_228">228-230-231</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Grosbeak, Evening, <em>Cocothraustes vespertina</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_68">68-70-71</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Grouse, Black, <em>Tetrao tetrix</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_217">217</a>-<a href="#Page_220">220</a>-<a href="#Page_223">223</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Heron, Snowy, <em>Ardea candidissima</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_38">38-39</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>How the Birds Secured Their Rights</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_115">115</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Humming Bird, Allen’s <em>Selasphorus alleni</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_210">210-211</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Humming Bird, Ruby-Throated, <em>Trochilus colubris</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_97">97-100-103</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Junco, Slate Colored, <em>Junco hyemalis</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_153">153-155</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Kingbird, <em>Tyrannus tyrannus</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_156">156-158-159</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Kingfisher, European, <em>Alcedo ispida</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_188">188-190-191</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Kinglet, Ruby-crowned, <em>Regulus calendula</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_108">108-110</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Lark, Horned, <em>Otocoris alpestris</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_134">134-135</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Lost Mate</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_126">126</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Merganser, Red-Breasted, <em>Merganser serrator</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_54">54-55</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Nuthatch, White-Breasted, <em>Sitta carolinensis</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_118">118-119</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Old Abe</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_35">35</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Ornithological Congress</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_201">201</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Osprey, American, <em>Pandion paliœtus carolinenses</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_42">42-43-45</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Partridge, Gambel’s, <em>Callipepla gambeli</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_78">78-79</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Phalarope, Wilson’s, <em>Phalaropus tricolor</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_66">66-67</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Pheasant, Ring-Necked, <em>Phasianus torquatus</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_232">232-233</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Phœbe, <em>Sayornis phœbe</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_106">106-107</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Plover, Belted Piping, <em>Aegialitis meloda circumcincta</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_174">174-175</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Plover, Semipalmated Ring, <em>Aegialitis semi-polmata</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_6">6-8-9</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Rail, Sora, <em>Porzana Carolina</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_46">46-48-49</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Sapsucker, Yellow-bellied, <em>Sphyrapicus varius</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_137">137-140-143</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Scoter, American, <em>Oidemia deglandi</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_32">32-33</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Skylark, <em>Alauda arvensis</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_61">61-63-64</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Snake Bird, (Anhinga) <em>Anhinga anhinga</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_26">26-27</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Snowflake, <em>Plectrophenax nivalis</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_150">150-151-152</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Sparrow, English, <em>Passer domesticus</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_206">206</a>-<a href="#Page_208">208-209</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Sparrow, Song, <em>Melospiza fasciata</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_90">90-91-93</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Summaries</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_40">40</a>-<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_80">80</a>-<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_120">120</a>-<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_160">160</a>-<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_200">200</a>-<a href="#Page_240">240</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Tanager, Summer, <em>Piranga rubra</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_163">163-165</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Teal, Green winged, <em>Anas carolinensis</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_213">213-214-215</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>The Bird’s Story</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_224">224</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Thrush, Hermit, <em>Turdus Aonalaschkae</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_86">86-88-89</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>To a Water Fowl</td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_76">76</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Tropic Bird, Yellow-billed, <em>Phaethon flavirostris</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_184">184-186-187</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Turkey, Wild, <em>Meleagris gallopava</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_177">177-180-183</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Turnstone, <em>Arenaria interpres</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_170">170-171</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Verdin, <em>Auriparus flaviceps</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="#Page_226">226-227</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Vireo, Warbling, <em>Vireo gilvus</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_138">138-141</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Vulture, Turkey, <em>Catharista Atrata</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_72">72-73-75</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Warbler, Blackburnian, <em>Dendroica blackburnia</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_123">123-125</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Warbler, Cerulean, <em>Dendrœca caerulea</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30677/30677-h/30677-h.htm#Page_178">178-181</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Warbler, Kentucky, <em>Geothlypis formosa</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_50">50-51-53</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Warbler, Yellow, <em>Dendroica æstiva</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_83">83-85</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Woodcock, American, <em>Philohela minor</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_28">28-30-31</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'>Wren, House, <em>Troglodytes ædon</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30511/30511-h/30511-h.htm#Page_98">98-101-104</a></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Wood Pewee, <em>Contopus Virens</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30552/30552-h/30552-h.htm#Page_144">144-146-147-148</a></td> </tr> +<tr> <td align='left'></td> <td align='center'> </td> <td align='left'></td> </tr> + +<tr> <td align='left'>Yellow Legs, <em>Totanus flavipes</em></td> <td align='center'>“</td> <td align='left'><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/26656/26656-h/26656-h.htm#Page_58">58-60</a></td> </tr> +</table></div> + + +</div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photography +[December, 1897], Vol 2. No 6., by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR *** + +***** This file should be named 30965-h.htm or 30965-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/9/6/30965/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some +images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> |