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diff --git a/30677-h/30677-h.htm b/30677-h/30677-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d1bdf66 --- /dev/null +++ b/30677-h/30677-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2610 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photography Vol. Two, No. 5, November 1897, by Birds (Periodical). + </title> + + <style type="text/css"> + +/*<![CDATA[*/ + + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + + .notes {background-color: #f2d2ab; color: #ab2830; padding: .5em; + margin-left: 32%; margin-right: 32%; text-align: center;} + + .sml {font-size: .8em;} + + h1,h2,h3,h4 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + + h5 { text-align: center; font-size: 3em; + clear: both; + } + + h6 { text-align: center; font-size: 4em; + clear: both; + } + + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 5%; + } + + .box { width: 700px; margin: 0 auto; + text-align: center; padding: 1em; + border-style: none;} + + .vlouter {width: 100%; border-top: 1px black solid; + border-bottom: 1px black solid; padding-top: 0.25em; + padding-bottom: 0.25em;} + .volumeline {width: 100%; border-top: 1px black solid; + border-bottom: 1px black solid; padding-top: 0.25em; + padding-bottom: 0.25em;} + .volumeleft {float: left; width: 33%; text-align: left;} + .volumeright {float: right; width: 33%; text-align: right;} + .spacer {clear: both;} + + .pagenum { visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + a { text-decoration: none; } + + .caption {font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 0em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; + text-align: center;} + + /*]]>*/ + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photography, +Vol. II., No. 5, November 1897, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photography, Vol. II., No. 5, November 1897 + A Monthly Serial designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life + +Author: Various + +Release Date: December 14, 2009 [EBook #30677] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some +images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p class="notes">Transcriber’s Note:<br /> +Title page added.</p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<div class="box"> + + <h6>BIRDS</h6> + +<p> </p> + + <h1>A MONTHLY SERIAL</h1> + +<p> </p> + + <h3>ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY</h3> + +<p> </p> + + <h4>DESIGNED TO PROMOTE</h4> + +<p> </p> + + <h2>KNOWLEDGE OF BIRD-LIFE</h2> + +<p> </p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p> </p> + + <p class="center"><strong>VOLUME II.</strong></p> + +<p> </p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p> </p> + +<p class="center"><strong>CHICAGO.</strong><br /> +<span class="smcap">NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY.</span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">copyright, 1897</span></p> +<p class="center"><span class="smcap">by</span></p> +<p class="center"><span class="smcap"><strong>Nature Study Publishing Co.</strong></span></p> +<p class="center"><span class="smcap"><strong>chicago.</strong></span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span></p> + +<h5>BIRDS.</h5> + +<p class="center"><strong><span class="smcap">Illustrated by</span> COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY.</strong></p> + +<p> </p> + +<div class="vlouter"> +<div class="volumeline"> +<div class="volumeleft"><span class="smcap">Vol. II.</span></div> +<div class="volumeright"><span class="smcap">No. 5.</span></div> +<div class="center">NOVEMBER.</div> +<div class="spacer"><!-- empty for spacing purposes --></div> +</div> +</div> + + +<p> </p> +<h2>JOHN JAMES AUDUBON.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 53px;"> +<img src="images/imgj.png" width="53" height="80" alt="J" title="" /> +</div> +<p>OHN JAMES AUDUBON has +always been a favorite with +the writer, for the invincibleness +of his love of Nature and +of birds is only equalled by +the spontaneous freshness of his style, +springing from an affectionate and joyous +nature. Recently there was found +by accident, in an old calf-skin bound +volume, an autobiography of the +naturalist. It is entitled “Audubon’s +Story of his Youth,” and would make +a very pretty book. As introductory +to the diaries and ornithological +biographies of the birds, it would be +very useful.</p> + +<p>Two or three incidents in the life of +this fascinating character are interesting +as showing the influence of the +accidental in ultimate achievement.</p> + +<p>“One incident,” he says, “which is +as perfect in my memory as if it had +occurred this very day, I have thought +thousands of times since, and will now +put on paper as one of the curious +things which perhaps did lead me in +after times to love birds, and to finally +study them with pleasure infinite. My +mother had several beautiful parrots, +and some monkeys; one of the latter +was a full-grown male of a very large +species. One morning, while the +servants were engaged in arranging +the room I was in, ‘Pretty Polly’ +asking for her breakfast as usual, +‘<em>Du pain au lait pour le perroquet +Mignonne</em>,’ (bread and milk for the parrot +Mignonne,) the man of the woods +probably thought the bird presuming +upon his rights in the scale of nature; +be this as it may, he certainly showed +his supremacy in strength over the +denizen of the air, for, walking +deliberately and uprightly toward the +poor bird, he at once killed it, with +unnatural composure. The sensations +of my infant heart at this cruel sight +were agony to me. I prayed the +servant to beat the monkey, but he, +who for some reason, preferred the +monkey to the parrot, refused. I +uttered long and piercing cries, my +mother rushed into the room; I was +tranquilized; the monkey was forever +afterward chained, and Mignonne +buried with all the pomp of a cherished +lost one. This made, as I have said, a +very deep impression on my youthful +mind.”</p> + +<p>In consequence of the long absences +of his father, who was an admiral in +the French navy, the young naturalist’s +education was neglected, his mother +suffering him to do much as he pleased, +and it was not to be wondered at, as +he says, that instead of applying closely +to his studies, he preferred associating +with boys of his own age and disposition, +who were more fond of going +in search of bird’s nests, fishing, or shooting, +than of better studies. Thus almost +every day, instead of going to school, +he usually made for the fields where +he spent the day, returning with his +little basket filled with what he called +curiosities, such as birds’ nests, birds’ +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span> +eggs, curious lichens, flowers of all +sorts, and even pebbles gathered along +the shore of some rivulet. Nevertheless, +he did study drawing and music, +for which he had some talent. His subsequent +study of drawing under the +celebrated David, richly equipped him +for a work which he did not know +was ever to be his, and enabled him to +commence a series of drawings of birds +of France, which he continued until +he had upwards of two hundred completed. +“All bad enough,” he says, +“yet they were representations of birds, +and I felt pleased with them.” Before +sailing for France, he had begun a +series of drawings of the birds of +America, and had also begun a study +of their habits. His efforts were commended +by one of his friends, who +assured him the time might come +when he should be a great American +naturalist, which had such weight +with him that he felt a certain degree +of pride in the words, even then, when +he was about eighteen years of age.</p> + +<p>“The store at Louisville went on +prosperously, when I attended to it; +but birds were birds then as now, and +my thoughts were ever and anon +turning toward them as the objects of +my greatest delight. I shot, I drew, I +looked on nature only; my days were +happy beyond human conception, and +beyond this I really cared not.” [How +like Agassiz, who said he had not time +to make money.] As he could not bear +to give the attention required by his +business, his business abandoned him. +“Indeed, I never thought of business +beyond the ever-engaging journeys +which I was in the habit of taking to +Philadelphia or New York, to purchase +goods; those journeys I greatly enjoyed, +as they afforded me ample means to +study birds and their habits as I +traveled through the beautiful, the +darling forests of Ohio, Kentucky, and +Pennsylvania.” Poor fellow, how many +ups and downs he had! He lost everything +and became burdened with +debt. But he did not despair for +had he not a talent for drawing? +He at once undertook to take portraits +of the human head divine in black +chalk, and thanks to his master, David, +succeeded admirably. He established +a large drawing school at Cincinnati, +and formed an engagement to stuff +birds for the museum there at a large +salary.</p> + +<p>“One of the most extraordinary +things among all these adverse circumstances” +he adds, “was, that I never for +a day give up listening to the songs of +our birds, or watching their peculiar +habits, or delineating them in the best +way I could; nay, during my deepest +troubles, I frequently would wrench +myself from the persons around me +and retire to some secluded part of our +noble forests; and many a time, at the +sound of the wood-thrushes’ melodies, +have I fallen on my knees and there +prayed earnestly to our God. This +never failed to bring me the most +valuable of thoughts, and always comfort, +and it was often necessary for me +to exert my will and compel myself to +return to my fellow-beings.”</p> + +<p>Do you not fancy that Audubon +was himself a <em>rara avis</em> and worthy of +admiration and study?</p> + +<p>Such a man, in the language of a +contemporary, should have a monument +in the old Creole country in +which he was born, and whose birds +inspired his childish visions. It should +be the most beautiful work possible to +the sculptor’s art, portraying Audubon +in the garb he wore when he was +proud and happy to be called the +“American Woodman,” and at his +feet should stand the Eagle which he +named the “Bird of Washington,” and +near should perch the Mocking Bird, +as once, in his description, it flew +and fluttered and sang to the mind’s +eye and ear from the pages of the old +reading book.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 35em;"> +<span class="smcap">C. C. Marble.</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 455px;"> +<img src="images/i_003.jpg" width="455" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">summer tanager</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. F. M. Woodruff.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 18em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div><p> </p> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE SUMMER TANAGER.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;"> +<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" /> +</div> +<p>HE TANAGERS are birds of +such uncommon beauty that +when we have taken the pictures +of the entire family the +group will be a notable one and will +add attractiveness to the portfolio. +[See Vol. I, pp. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30221/30221-h/30221-h.htm#Page_31">31</a> +and <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30666/30666-h/30666-h.htm#Page_216">216</a>.] This specimen +is also called the Summer Red-bird +or Rose Tanager, and is found +pretty generally distributed over the +United States during the summer +months, wintering in Cuba, Central +America, and northern South America. +As will be seen, the adult male is a +plain vermilion red. The plumage of +the female is less attractive. In habits +this species resembles the Scarlet Tanager, +perhaps the most brilliant of the +group, but is not so retiring, frequenting +open groves and often visiting +towns and cities.</p> + +<p>The nesting season of this charming +bird extends to the latter part of July, +but varies with the latitude and season. +Bark strips and leaves interwoven with +various vegetable substances compose +the nest, which is usually built on a +horizontal or drooping branch, near +its extremity and situated at the edge +of a grove near the roadside. Davie +says: “All the nests of this species +which I have seen collected in Ohio +are very thin and frail structures; so +thin that the eggs may often be seen +from beneath. A nest sent me from +Lee county, Texas, is compactly built +of a cottony weed, a few stems of +Spanish moss, and lined with fine +grass stems.” Mr. L. O. Pindar states +that nests found in Kentucky are compactly +built, but not very thickly +lined. The eggs are beautiful, being +a bright, light emerald green, spotted, +dotted, and blotched with various +shades of lilac, brownish-purple, and +dark brown.</p> + +<p>Chapman says the Summer Tanager +may be easily identified, not alone by +its color but by its unique call-note, a +clearly enunciated <em>chicky, tucky, tuck</em>. +Its song bears a general resemblance +to that of the Scarlet, but to some ears +is much sweeter, better sustained, and +more musical. It equals in strength, +according to one authority, that of the +Robin, but is uttered more hurriedly, +is more “wiry,” and much more continued.</p> + +<p>The Summer Tanager is to a greater +or less extent known to farmers as the +Red Bee-Bird. Its food consists largely +of hornets, wasps, and bees.</p> + +<p>The male of this species requires +several years to attain the full plumage. +Immature individuals, it is said, +show a mixture of red and yellow +in relative proportions according to +age. The female has more red than +the male, but the tint is peculiar, a +dull Chinese orange, instead of a pure +rosy vermilion, as in the male.</p> + +<p>An interesting study for many of +our readers during the summer months +when the Tanagers are gay in their +full plumage, would be to seek out, +with <span class="smcap">Birds</span> in hand, the most attractive +denizens of the groves, identifying and +observing them in their haunts until +the entire group, of which five species +are represented in the United States, +is made familiar. When we remember +that there are about three hundred +and eighty known species of Tanagers +in Tropical America, it would seem a +light task to acquaint oneself with the +small family at home.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE AMERICAN WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE.</h2> + + +<p>“As stupid as a Goose!”</p> + +<p>Yes, I know that is the way +our family is usually spoken of. +But then I’m not a tame Goose, +you know. We wild fellows +think we know a little more than +the one which waddles about +the duck-pond in your back yard.</p> + +<p>He sticks to one old place all +the time. Waddles and talks +and looks the same year after +year. We migratory birds, on +the other hand, fly from place to +place. Our summers are passed +here, our winters there; so that +we pick up a thing or two the +common Goose never dreams of.</p> + +<p>“The laughing Goose!”</p> + +<p>Yes, some people call me that. +I don’t know why, unless my +<em>Honk, honk, honk!</em> sounds like a +laugh. Perhaps, though, it is +because the look about my +mouth is so pleasant.</p> + +<p>Did you ever see a flock of us +in motion, in October or November, +going to our winter home?</p> + +<p>Ah, that is a sight! When +the time comes for us to start, +we form ourselves into a figure +like this <span style="font-size: 1.5em;">>·</span> a big gander taking +the lead where the dot is. +Such a <em>honk, honk, honking</em> you +never heard. People who have +heard us, and seen us, say it +sounds like a great army overhead.</p> + +<p>Where do we live in summer, +and what do we eat?</p> + +<p>You will find us throughout +the whole of North America, but +in greater numbers on the Pacific +coast. The fresh-water lakes +are our favorite resorts. We +visit the wheat fields and corn +fields, nibbling the young, tender +blades and feeding on the +scattered grain. The farmers +don’t like it a bit, but we don’t +care. That is the reason our +flesh tastes so sweet.</p> + +<p>And tough!</p> + +<p>My, how you talk! It is only +we old fellows that are tough, we +fellows over a year old. But of +course a great many people +don’t know that, or don’t care.</p> + +<p>Why, I once heard of a gander +that had waddled around a +barnyard for five long years. +Thanksgiving Day arrived, and +they roasted him for dinner.</p> + +<p>Think of eating an old, <em>old</em> +friend like that!</p> + +<p>Where do we build our nests?</p> + +<p>Away up north, in Alaska, +and on the islands of the Arctic +Sea. We make them of hay, +feathers, and down, building them +in hollow places on the ground.</p> + +<p>How many eggs?</p> + +<p>Six. I am very good to +my mate, and an affectionate +father.</p><p> </p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/i_008.jpg" width="600" height="436" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">white-fronted goose.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -6em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 21em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 25em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE AMERICAN WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 116px;"> +<img src="images/imgw.png" width="116" height="80" alt="W" title="" /> +</div> +<p>HITE-FRONTED or +Laughing Geese are found +in considerable numbers +on the prairies of the +Mississippi Valley. They are called +Prairie Brant by market-men and +gunners. Though not abundant on the +Atlantic seaboard, vast flocks may be +seen in the autumn months on +the Pacific Slope. In Oregon and +northern California some remain all +winter, though the greater number go +farther south. They appear to prefer +the grassy patches along streams flowing +into the ocean, or the tide-water flats +so abundant in Oregon and Washington, +where the Speckle-bellies, as they +are called, feed in company with +the Snow Geese. The nesting place +of this favorite species is in the wooded +districts of Alaska and along the +Yukon river. No nest is formed, from +seven to ten eggs being laid in a +depression in the sand.</p> + +<p>It is said that notwithstanding all +references to their ungainly movement +and doltish intellect, the Wild Goose, +of which the White-fronted is one of +the most interesting, is held in high +estimation by the sportsman, and even +he, if keen of observation, will learn +from it many things that will entitle +the species to advancement in the +mental grade, and prove the truth of a +very old adage, that you cannot judge +of things by outward appearance. A +goose, waddling around the barnyard, +may not present a very graceful appearance, +nor seem endowed with much +intelligence, yet the ungainly creature, +when in its natural state, has an ease +of motion in flight which will compare +with that of any of the feathered +tribe, and shows a knowledge of the +means of defense, and of escaping the +attacks of its enemies, that few +possess. There is probably no bird +more cautious, vigilant, and fearful at +danger than this. Should their +suspicion be aroused, they rise upward +slowly in a dense cloud of white, and +sound their alarm notes, but they may +not go over fifty yards before they +alight again, so that the amusement of +watching them may be continued +without much toil or inconvenience.</p> + +<p>The White-fronted Goose visits +Illinois only during its migrations, +coming some time in October or early +in November, and returning in March +or April. During its sojourn there it +frequents chiefly open prairies, or +wheat fields, where it nibbles the +young and tender blades, and cornfields, +where it feeds upon the scattered +grains. In California, Ridgway says, +it is so numerous in winter as to be +very destructive of the growing wheat +crop, and it is said that in the Sacramento +and San Joaquin valleys, farmers +often find it necessary to employ men +by the month to hunt and drive them +from the fields. This is most successfully +accomplished by means of brush +hiding places, or “blinds,” or by +approaching the flocks on horseback +by the side of an ox which has been +trained for the purpose.</p> + +<p>The White-fronted Goose is greatly +esteemed for the excellent quality of +its flesh, which, by those who have +learned to appreciate it, is generally +considered superior to that of any other +species. While the cruel pursuit of +the bird, merely for purpose of sport +ought not to be continued, appreciation +of its value as food may well be encouraged.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE TURNSTONE.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;"> +<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" /> +</div> +<p>HIS small plover-like bird is +found on the sea-coasts of +nearly all countries; in America, +from Greenland and Alaska +to Chili and Brazil; more or less common +in the interior along the shores of +the Great Lakes and larger rivers.</p> + +<p>It is generally found in company +with flocks of the smaller species of +Sandpipers, its boldly marked plumage +contrasting with surroundings, while +the Sandpipers mingle with the sands +and unless revealed by some abrupt +movement can hardly be seen at a little +distance.</p> + +<p>The name Turnstone has been +applied to this bird on account of its +curious habit of dexterously inserting +its bill beneath stones and pebbles along +the shore in quest of food, overturning +them in search of the insects or prey +of any kind which may be lurking +beneath. It is found on smooth, sandy +beaches, though more commonly about +the base of rocky cliffs and cones. +The eggs of horseshoe crabs are its +particular delight.</p> + +<p>In the nesting season the Turnstone +is widely distributed throughout the +northern portions of both continents, +and wanders southward along the sea-coasts +of all countries. In America it +breeds commonly in the Barren Lands +of the Arctic coasts and the Anderson +River districts, on the Islands of +Franklin and Liverpool bays, nesting +in July. In the Hudson’s Bay country +the eggs are laid in June. The nest is +a hollow scratched in the earth, and is +lined with bits of grass.</p> + +<p>The Turnstone is known by various +names: “Brant Bird,” “Bead-bird,” +“Horse-foot-Snipe,” “Sand-runner,” +“Calico-back,” “Chicaric” and +“Chickling.” The two latter names +have reference to its rasping notes, +“Calico-back,” to the variegated +plumage of the upper parts.</p> + +<p>In summer the adults are oddly pied +above with black, white, brown, and +chestnut-red, but the red is totally +wanting in winter. They differ from +the true Plovers in the well developed +hind-toe, and the strong claws, but +chiefly in the more robust feet, without +trace of web between the toes.</p> + +<p>The eggs are greenish-drab in color, +spotted, blotched, and dotted irregularly +and thickly with yellowish and umber +brown. The eggs are two or four, +abruptly pyriform in shape.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> +<h2>SNOWBIRDS.</h2> + + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Along the narrow sandy height<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">I watch them swiftly come and go,</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or round the leafless wood,</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Like flurries of wind-driven snow,</span><br /> +Revolving in perpetual flight,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 2em;">A changing multitude.</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Nearer and nearer still they sway,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And, scattering in a circled sweep,</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Rush down without a sound;</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And now I see them peer and peep,</span><br /> +Across yon level bleak and gray,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Searching the frozen ground,—</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Until a little wind upheaves,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And makes a sudden rustling there,</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 2em;">And then they drop their play,</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Flash up into the sunless air,</span><br /> +And like a flight of silver leaves<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 2em;">Swirl round and sweep away.</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 8em;" class="smcap">Archibald Lampman.</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/i_011.jpg" width="600" height="450" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">turnstone.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -6em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. F. M. Woodruff.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 21em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 25em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span></p> +<h2>BIRDS OF PASSAGE.</h2> + + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Black shadows fall<br /> +From the lindens tall,<br /> +That lift aloft their massive wall<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 3em;">Against the southern sky;</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +And from the realms<br /> +Of the shadowy elms,<br /> +A tide-like darkness overwhelms<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 3em;">The fields that round us lie.</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +But the night is fair<br /> +And everywhere<br /> +A warm, soft vapor fills the air<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 3em;">And distant sounds seem near;</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +And above, in the light<br /> +Of the star-lit night,<br /> +Swift birds of passage wing their flight<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 3em;">Through the dewy atmosphere.</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +I hear the beat<br /> +Of their pinions fleet,<br /> +As from the land of snow and sleet<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 3em;">They seek a southern lea.</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +I hear the cry<br /> +Of their voices high<br /> +Falling dreamily through the sky,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 3em;">But their forms I cannot see.</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 10em;" class="smcap">—Longfellow.</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE BELTED PIPING PLOVER.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 39px;"> +<img src="images/imgi.png" width="39" height="80" alt="I" title="" /> +</div> +<p>N the Missouri river region and +in contiguous parts of the +interior of the United States, +the Belted Piping Plover is a +common summer resident, and +is found along the shores of the great +lakes, breeding on the flat, pebbly +beach between the sand dunes and +shore. It is the second of the ring-necked +Plovers, and arrives in April +in scattering flocks, which separate +into pairs a month later. It strays at +times into the interior, and has been +known to breed on the borders of ponds +many miles from the coast. In New +England, however, it seldom wanders +far from the shore, and prefers sand +islands near the main land for its nesting +haunts. Nelson says, that some +thirty pairs, which were breeding +along the beach at Waukegan, within +a space of two miles, successfully concealed +their nests, for which he made +diligent search, although the birds +were continually circling about or +standing at a short distance, uttering +an occasional note of alarm.</p> + +<p>These birds have a soft, low, piping +note, which they utter not only upon +the wing, but occasionally as they run +about upon the ground, and, during +the early nesting season, a peculiar, +loud, prolonged, musical call, that +readily attracts attention. In other +respects, their habits are not noticeably +differed from the Semi-palmated. +(See July <span class="smcap">Birds</span>, p. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30523/30523-h/30523-h.htm#Page_8">8</a>.)</p> + +<p>Their nests are without lining, a +mere depression in the sand. The +eggs are usually four, light gray to +creamy buff, finely and rather sparsely +speckled or dotted with blackish brown +and purplish gray.</p> + +<p>The female Belted Piping Plover is +similar to the male, but with the dark +colors lighter and less in extent. The +young have no black band in front, +while the collar around the neck is +ashy brown.</p> + +<p>These interesting and valuable game +birds are found associated with various +beach birds and Sandpipers, and they +become exceedingly fat during the +latter part of the summer.</p> + +<p>All the Plovers have a singular +habit when alighting on the ground +in the nesting time; they drop their +wings, stand with their legs half bent, +and tremble as if unable to support +their bodies. In this absurd position +they will stand, according to a well-known +observer, for several minutes, +uttering a curious sound, and then +seem to balance themselves with great +difficulty. This singular manœuvre is +no doubt intended to produce a belief +that they may be easily caught, and +thus turn the attention of the egg-gatherer +from the pursuit of the eggs +to themselves, their eggs being +recognized the world over, as a great +delicacy.</p> + +<hr style="width: 10%;" /> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +The Plover utters a piping sound<br /> +While on the wing or on the ground;<br /> +All a tremble it drops its wings,<br /> +And, with legs half bent, it sings:<br /> +“My nest is near, come take the eggs,<br /> +And take me too,—I’m off my legs.”<br /> +In vain men search with eager eyes,<br /> +No nest is found, the Plover flies!<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 10em;">—C. C. M</span></p> + + +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/i_015.jpg" width="600" height="447" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">belted piping plover.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -6em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. F. M. Woodruff.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 21em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 25em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE WILD TURKEY.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 39px;"> +<img src="images/imgi.png" width="39" height="80" alt="I" title="" /> +</div> +<p>T has been observed that when +the Turkey makes its appearance +on table all conversation +should for the moment be +suspended. That it is eaten in +silence on some occasions may be +inferred from the following anecdote: +A certain judge of Avignon, famous +for his love of the glorious bird, which +the American people have wisely +selected for the celebration of Thanksgiving +Day, said to a friend: “We +have just been dining on a superb +Turkey. It was excellent. Stuffed +with truffles to the very throat—tender, +delicate, filled with perfume! We +left nothing but the bones!” “How +many were there of you?” asked his +friend. “Two,” replied the judge, +“the Turkey—and myself!” The +reason, no doubt, why this brilliant +bird, which so much resembles the +domestic Turkey, is now almost extinct. +It was formerly a resident of +New England, and is still found to +some extent as far north-west as the +Missouri River and south-west as +Texas. In Ohio it was formerly an +abundant resident. Dr. Kirtland +(1850) mentions the time when Wild +Turkeys were more common than +tame ones are now.</p> + +<p>The nests of this bird are very +difficult to discover, as they are made +on the ground, midst tall, thick weeds +or tangled briars. The female will +not leave the nest until almost trodden +upon. It is stated that when the eggs +are once touched, she will abandon +her nest.</p> + +<p>The Turkey became known to +Europeans almost immediately upon +the discovery of America by the +Spaniards in 1518, and it is probable +that it is distinctively an American +bird. In its wild state, its plumage, +as in the case of the Honduras Turkey, +grows more lustrous and magnificent +as the family extends southward.</p> + +<p>The “Gobblers,” as the males are +called, associate in parties of ten to +one hundred, seeking their food apart +from the females, which wander singly +with their young or in troops with +other hens and their families, sometimes +to the number of seventy or +eighty. They travel on foot, unless +disturbed by the hunter or a river +compels them to take wing. It is +said that when about to cross a river, +they select a high eminence from +which to start, that their flight may +be more sure, and in such a position +they sometimes remain for a day or +more, as if in consultation. On such +occasions the males gobble vociferously, +strutting about pompously as if to +animate their companions. At the +signal note of their leader, they wing +their way to the opposite shore.</p> + +<p>The Wild Turkey feeds on many +kinds of berries, fruits, and grasses. +Beetles, tadpoles, young frogs, and +lizards are sometimes found in its +crop. When the Turkeys reach +their destination, they disperse in +flocks, devouring the mast as they +proceed.</p> + +<p>Pairing time begins in March. The +sexes roost apart, but at no great +distance, so that when the female +utters a call, every male within hearing +responds, rolling note after note in +rapid succession, in a voice resembling +that of the tame Turkey when he +hears any unusual noise. Where the +Turkeys are numerous, the woods +from one end to the other, sometimes +for many miles, resound with these +voices of wooing.</p> + +<p>The specimen of the Wild Turkey +presented in this number of <span class="smcap">Birds</span> is +of extraordinary size and beauty, and +has been much admired. The day is +not far distant when a living specimen +of this noble bird will be sought for in +vain in the United States.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE CERULEAN WARBLER.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;"> +<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" /> +</div> +<p>HIS beautiful little sky-blue +feathered creature is well +named Azure Warbler, or +again White-throated Blue +Warbler, and is the most abundant of +the genus here.</p> + +<p>It is a bird of the wood, everywhere +associated with the beautiful tall forests +of the more northern counties of +western New York, sometimes found +in the open woods of pasture-lands, +and quite partial to hardwood trees. +In its flitting motion in search of insect-prey, +and in the jerking curves of +its more prolonged flight, as also in +its structure, it is a genuine Wood +Warbler and keeps for the most part +to what Thoreau calls the “upper story” +of its sylvan domain.</p> + +<p>All Warblers, it has been said, depend +upon their markings rather +than song for their identity, which +renders the majority of the tribe of +greater interest to the scientist than +to the novice. Until you have named +four or five of the commonest species +as landmarks, you will be considerably +confused.</p> + +<p>Audubon described the song of the +Cerulean Warbler as “extremely sweet +and mellow,” whereas it is a modest +little strain, says Chapman, or trill, +divided into syllables like <em>zee, zee, zee, +ze-ee-ee-eep</em>, or according to another +observer, <em>rheet, rheet, rheet, rheet, ridi, +idi, e-e-e-e-ee</em>; beginning with several +soft warbling notes and ending in a +rather prolonged but quite musical +squeak. The latter and more rapid +part of the strain, which is given in +the upward slide, approaches an insect +quality of tone which is more or less +peculiar to all true Warblers, a song +so common as to be a universal characteristic +of our tall forests.</p> + +<p>It is not strange that the nest of this +species has been so seldom discovered, +even where the bird is very abundant +during the breeding season. It is +built in the higher horizontal branches +of forest trees, always out some distance +from the trunk, and ranging from +twenty to fifty feet above the ground. +One described by Dr. Brewer, found in +Ontario, near Niagara Falls, was built +in a large oak tree at the height of +fifty or more feet from the ground. +It was placed horizontally on the +upper surface of a slender limb between +two small twigs; and the branch +on which it was thus saddled was only +an inch and a half in thickness, being +nine feet from the trunk of the +tree. The abandoned home was secured +with great difficulty.</p> + +<p>The nest is a rather slender fabric, +somewhat similar to the nest of the +Redstart, and quite small for the bird, +consisting chiefly of a strong rim firmly +woven of strips of fine bark, stems of +grasses, and pine needles, bound round +with flaxen fibres of plants and wool. +Around the base a few bits of hornets’ +nests, mosses, and lichens are loosely +fastened. The nest within is furnished +with fine stems and needles, the +flooring very thin and slight.</p> + +<p>The bird is shy when started from +the nest, and has a sharp chipping +alarm-note common to the family.</p> + +<p>The Cerulean Warbler is found in +the Eastern States, but is more numerous +west of the Allegheny mountains, +and throughout the heavily +wooded districts of the Mississippi valley. +In winter it migrates to Central +America and Cuba. The Warblers +are of unfailing interest to the lover of +bird life. Apart from the beauty of +the birds themselves, with their perpetually +contrasting colors among the +green leaves, their pretty ways furnish +to the silent watcher an ever changing +spectacle of the innocent life in the +tree-tops.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 453px;"> +<img src="images/i_020.jpg" width="453" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">wild turkey.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. Fred. Kaempfer.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 18em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 453px;"> +<img src="images/i_021.jpg" width="425" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">cerulean warbler.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. F. M. Woodruff.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 18em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE WILD TURKEY.</h2> + + +<p>I thought my picture would +appear in this number of <span class="smcap">Birds</span>. +What would Thanksgiving be +without a Turkey, I’d like to +know.</p> + +<p>The editor says that I am a +bird of ex-tra-or-di-na-ry size +and beauty. That word is as +big as I am, but by spelling it, I +guess you will understand.</p> + +<p>I look as proud as a peacock, +don’t I? Well, I am just as +proud. You ought to see me +strut, and hear me talk when +the hen-turkeys are around. +Why, sometimes when there is +a large troop of us in the woods +you can hear us <em>gobble, gobble, +gobble</em>, for many miles. We are +so fond of talking to each other.</p> + +<p>That is when we are about to +set up housekeeping, you think.</p> + +<p>Yes, in March and April. +After the nests are made, and +the little turkeys hatched out, +we big, handsome fellows go off +by ourselves. The hen-turkeys, +with their young broods, do the +same.</p> + +<p>Sometimes there are as many +as a hundred in our troop and +seventy or eighty in theirs. We +travel on foot, picking up food +as we go, till we meet a man +with a gun, or come to a wide +river.</p> + +<p>Then we have to fly.</p> + +<p>In a flock? Oh, yes. We +choose some high place from +which to get a good start. +There we all stay, sometimes a +day or two, strutting about and +talking big. It is <em>gobble, gobble +gobble</em>, from morning till night. +Just like one of your conventions, +you know. After awhile +our leader gives the signal and +off we all fly to the opposite +shore.</p> + +<p>Did you ever see one of our +nests? No? Well, they are +not easily seen, though they are +made on the ground. You see, +we are cunning and build them +among tall, thick weeds and +tangled briars.</p> + +<p>I hope, if you ever come +across one, you will not touch it, +because my mate would never +return to it again, if you did.</p> + +<p>What do we eat?</p> + +<p>Berries, fruit and grasses, +beetles, tadpoles, frogs and +lizards. In fact anything we +consider good.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE YELLOW-BILLED TROPIC BIRD.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 39px;"> +<img src="images/imgi.png" width="39" height="80" alt="I" title="" /> +</div> +<p>N appearance this bird resembles +a large Tern (see Vol. I, page <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30103/30103-h/30103-h.htm#Page_103">103</a>), +and its habits are similar +to those of the Terns. Inter-tropical, +it is of a wandering disposition, +breeding on the islands of +mid-ocean thousands of miles apart. +It is noted for its elegant, airy, +and long-protracted flight. Davie says +that on Bourbon, Mauritius and other +islands east and south of Madagascar +it breeds in the crevices of the rocks +of inaccessible cliffs, and in hollow +trees. In the Bermuda Islands it nests +about the first of May in holes in high +rocky places along the shores. Here +its favorite resorts are the small islands +of Great Sound, Castle Harbor, and +Harrington Sound. The Phaeton, as +it is felicitously called, nests in the +Bahamas in holes in the perpendicular +faces of cliffs and on the flat surfaces +of rocks. A single egg is laid, which +has a ground-color of purplish brownish +white, covered in some specimens +almost over the entire surface with +fine reddish chocolate-colored spots.</p> + +<p>These species compose the small but +distinct family of tropic birds and are +found throughout the tropical and sub-tropical +regions of the world. Long +journeys are made by them across the +open sea, their flight when emigrating +being strong, rapid, and direct, and +immense distances are covered by them +as they course undismayed by wind or +storm. In feeding, Chapman says, +they course over the water, beating +back and forth at a height of about +forty feet, and their long willowy tail-feathers +add greatly to the grace and +beauty of their appearance when on +the wing. They are of rare and +probably accidental occurrence on our +coasts.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +The Songs of Nature never cease,<br /> +Her players sue not for release<br /> +In nearer fields, on hills afar,<br /> +Attendant her musicians are:<br /> +From water brook or forest tree,<br /> +For aye comes gentle melody,<br /> +The very air is music blent—<br /> +An universal instrument.<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 5em;" class="smcap">—John Vance Cheney.</span></p> + + + +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 446px;"> +<img src="images/i_026.jpg" width="446" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">yellow-billed tropic bird.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. F. M. Woodruff.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 18em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE YELLOW-BILLED TROPIC BIRD.</h2> + + +<p>The people who make a study +of birds say that I look like a +large Tern, and that my habits +are like his.</p> + +<p>I don’t know whether that is +so, I am sure, for I have no +acquaintance with that bird, but +you little folks can turn to your +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30103/30103-h/30103-h.htm">March</a> number of <span class="smcap">Birds</span> and see +for yourselves if it is true.</p> + +<p>For my part, I think I am the +prettier of the two on account of +my long, willowy tail-feathers. +They add greatly, it is said, to +the grace and beauty of my +appearance when on the wing. +Then, the color of my coat is +much more beautiful than his, I +think, don’t you think so, too?</p> + +<p>We are not so common as the +Terns, either, for they are very +numerous. There are only three +species of our family, so we +consider ourselves quite distinct.</p> + +<p>What are we noted for?</p> + +<p>Well, principally for our long +distance flights across the sea, +elegant and airy, as the writers +say of us. Maybe that is the +reason they call us the Phaeton +sometimes.</p> + +<p>Do we go north in the summer +as so many other birds do?</p> + +<p>Ugh! You make me shudder. +No, indeed! We never go +farther north than Florida. Our +home, or where we build our +nests, is in the tropical and sub-tropical +regions, where the +weather is very warm, you know.</p> + +<p>We are great wanderers and +build our nests on islands, way +out in the ocean many thousands +of miles apart.</p> + +<p>In trees?</p> + +<p>Oh, no, but in any hole we see +in the face of a great rock or +cliff, and sometimes right on the +top of a rock.</p> + +<p>How many eggs?</p> + +<p>Only one. That is the reason, +you see, that our family remains +small.</p> + +<p>Sing?</p> + +<p>Oh, my, no! We are not singing +birds. We have a call-note, +though harsh and guttural, +which sounds like <em>tip, tip, tip</em>.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE EUROPEAN KINGFISHER.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 91px;"> +<img src="images/imgr.png" width="91" height="80" alt="R" title="" /> +</div> +<p>ARELY indeed is this charming +bird now found in England, where +formerly it could +be seen darting hither and +thither in most frequented +places. Of late years, according to +Dixon, he has been persecuted so +greatly, partly by the collector, who +never fails to secure the brilliant +creature for his cabinet at every opportunity, +and partly by those who have +an inherent love for destroying every +living object around them. Gamekeepers, +too, are up in arms against +him, because of his inordinate love of +preying on the finny tribe. Where the +Kingfisher now is seen is in the most +secluded places, the author adds, +where the trout streams murmur +through the silent woods, but seldom +trod by the foot of man; or in the +wooded gullies down which the stream +from the mountains far above rushes +and tumbles over the huge rocks, or +lies in pools smooth as the finest mirror.</p> + +<p>The Kingfisher is comparatively a +silent bird, though he sometimes utters +a few harsh notes as he flies swift as a +meteor through the wooded glades. +You not unfrequently flush the Kingfisher +from the holes in the banks, and +amongst the brambles skirting the +stream. He roosts at night in holes, +usually the nesting cavity. Sometimes +he will alight on stumps and branches +projecting from the water, and sit quiet +and motionless, but on your approach +he darts quickly away, often uttering +a feeble <em>seep, seep</em>, as he goes.</p> + +<p>The habits of the English Kingfisher +are identical with those of the +American, though the former is the +more brilliant bird in plumage. +(See <span class="smcap">Birds</span>, Vol. I, p. <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30626/30626-h/30626-h.htm#Page_61">61</a>.) The ancients +had a very absurd idea as to its nesting +habits. They believed that the bird +built a floating nest, and whenever the +old bird and her charge were drifted +by the winds, as they floated over the +briny deep, the sea remained calm. +He was, therefore, to the ancient +mariner, a bird held sacred in the +extreme. Even now these absurd +superstitions have not wholly disappeared. +For instance, the nest is +said to be made of the fish bones ejected +by the bird, while the real facts are, +that they not only nest but roost in +holes, and it must follow that vast +quantities of rejected fish bones +accumulate, and on these the eggs are +of necessity laid.</p> + +<p>These eggs are very beautiful +objects, being of a deep pinkish hue, +usually six in number.</p> + +<p>The food of the Kingfisher is not +composed entirely of fish, the remains +of fresh-water shrimps being found in +their stomachs, and doubtless other +animals inhabiting the waters are from +time to time devoured.</p> + +<p>The English Kingfisher, says Dixon, +remains throughout the year, but +numbers perish when the native +streams are frozen. There is, perhaps, +not a bird in all the ranks of the +feathered gems of equatorial regions, +be it ever so fair, the Humming-bird +excepted, that can boast a garb so +lovely as this little creature of the +northland. Naturalists assert that the +sun has something to do with the +brilliant colors of the birds and insects +of the tropics, but certainly, the Kingfisher +is an exception of the highest +kind. Alas, that he has no song to +inspire the muse of some English bard!</p> + + + +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 441px;"> +<img src="images/i_030.jpg" width="441" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">european kingfisher.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 18em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE EUROPEAN KINGFISHER.</h2> + + +<p>Little Folks:</p> + +<p>I shouldn’t have liked it one +bit if my picture had been left +out of this beautiful book. My +cousin, the American Kingfisher, +had his in the <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30626/30626-h/30626-h.htm">February</a> number, +and I find he had a good deal +to say about himself in his letter, +too.</p> + +<p>Fine feathers make fine birds, +they say. Well, if that is true, +I must be a very fine bird, for +surely my feathers are gay +enough to please anybody—<em>I</em> +think.</p> + +<p>To see me in all my beauty, +you must seek me in my native +wood. I look perfectly gorgeous +there, flitting from tree to tree. +Or maybe you would rather see +me sitting on a stump, gazing +down into the clear pool which +looks like a mirror.</p> + +<p>“Oh, what a vain bird!” you +would say; “see him looking +at himself in the water;” when +all the time I had my eye on a +fine trout which I intended to +catch for my dinner.</p> + +<p>Well, though I wear a brighter +dress than my American cousin, +our habits are pretty much alike. +I am sure he catches fish the +same way I do—when he is hungry.</p> + +<p>With a hook and line, as you do?</p> + +<p>Oh, no; with my bill, which is +long, you observe, and made for +that very purpose. You should +just see me catch a fish! Down +I fly to a stump near the brook, +or to a limb of a tree which +overhangs the water, and there +I sit as quiet as a mouse for +quite a while.</p> + +<p>Everything being so quiet, a +fine speckled trout, or a school +of troutlets, play near the surface. +Now is my chance! Down +I swoop, and up I come with a +fish crosswise in my bill.</p> + +<p>Back I go to my perch, toss +the minnow into the air, and as +it falls catch it head first and +swallow it whole. I tell you +this because you ought to know +why I am called <em>Kingfisher</em>.</p> + +<p>Do we swallow bones and all?</p> + +<p>Yes, but we afterwards eject +the bones, when we are resting +or roosting in our holes in the +banks of the stream. That must +be the reason people who write +about us say we build our nests +of fish bones.</p> + +<p>Sing?</p> + +<p>Oh, no, we are not singing +birds; but sometimes, when flying +swiftly through the air, we +give a harsh cry that nobody +but a bird understands.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 20em;"> +<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Your friend,</span><br /> +<span class="smcap">The English Kingfisher.</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE VERMILION FLY-CATCHER.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;"> +<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" /> +</div> +<p>HICKETS along water courses +are favorite resorts of this +beautiful Fly-catcher, which +may be seen only on the +southern border of the United States, +south through Mexico to Guatemala, +where it is a common species. Mr. +W. E. D. Scott notes it as a common +species about Riverside, Tucson, and +Florence, Arizona. Its habits are +quite similar to those of other Fly-catchers, +though it has not been so +carefully observed as its many cousins +in other parts of the country. During +the nesting season, the male frequently +utters a twittering song while poised +in the air, in the manner of the +Sparrow Hawk, and during the song +it snaps its bill as if catching insects.</p> + +<p>The Vermilion’s nest is usually +placed in horizontal forks of ratana +trees, and often in mesquites, not more +than six feet from the ground; they are +composed of small twigs and soft +materials felted together, with the +rims covered with lichens, and the +shallow cavity lined with a few +horse or cow hairs. Dr. Merrill states +that they bear considerable resemblance +to nests of the Wood Pewee in appearance +and the manner in which they +are saddled to the limb. Nests have +been found, however, which lacked +the exterior coating of lichens.</p> + +<p>Three eggs are laid of a rich +creamy-white with a ring of large +brown and lilac blotches at the larger end.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> +<h2>A WINTER NEST.</h2> + + +<p style="margin-left: 16em;"> +Pallid, wan-faced clouds<br /> +Press close to the frozen pines,<br /> +And follow the jagged lines<br /> +Of fence, that the sleet enshrouds.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 16em;"> +Sharp in the face of the sky,<br /> +Gaunt, thin-ribbed leaves are blown;<br /> +They rise with a shuddering moan,<br /> +Then sink in the snow and die.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 16em;"> +At the edge of the wood a vine<br /> +Still clings to the sleeping beech,<br /> +While its stiffened tendrils reach<br /> +A nest, and around it twine.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 16em;"> +A little gray nest all alone,<br /> +With its feathery lining of snow,<br /> +Where bleak winds, piping low,<br /> +Croon a sweet minor tone.<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 7em;" class="smcap">—Nora A. Piper.</span></p> + + + +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 451px;"> +<img src="images/i_033.jpg" width="451" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">vermilion fly-catcher.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. George F. Breninger.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 18em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></span></p> +<h2>BIRD MISCELLANY.</h2> + + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> +Red and yellow, green and brown,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Leaves are whirling, rustling down;</span><br /> +Acorn babes in their cradles lie,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Through the bare trees the brown birds fly;</span><br /> +The Robin chirps as he flutters past—<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">November days have come at last.</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 7em;" class="smcap">—Clara Louise Strong.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>“I have watched birds at their singing under many +and widely differing circumstances, and I am sure that they +express joyous anticipation, present content, and pleasant +recollection, each as the mood moves, and with equal ease.”</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 32em;"> +<span class="smcap">—M. Thompson.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>“The act of singing is evidently a pleasurable one; and it +probably serves as an outlet for superabundant nervous energy +and excitement, just as dancing, singing, and field sports do +with us.”</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 32em;"> +<span class="smcap">—A. R. Wallace.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 15%;' /> + +<p>“The bird upon the tree utters the meaning of the wind—a +voice of the grass and wild flower, words of the green leaf; +they speak through that slender tone. Sweetness of dew and +rifts of sunshine, the dark hawthorn touched with breadths of +open bud, the odor of the air, the color of the daffodil—all that +is delicious and beloved of spring-time are expressed in his song.”</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 32em;"> +<span class="smcap">—Richard Jefferies.</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE LAZULI BUNTING.</h2> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +The joy is great of him who strays<br /> +In shady woods on summer days.<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 7em;" class="smcap">—Maurice Thompson.</span></p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 39px;"> +<img src="images/imgi.png" width="39" height="80" alt="I" title="" /> +</div> +<p>N Colorado and Arizona the +Lazuli Painted Finch, as it is +called, is common, while in +California it is very abundant, +being, in fact, generally distributed +throughout the west, and +along the Pacific Coast it is found as +far north as Puget Sound, during the +summer. Davie says it replaces the +Indigo Bunting, +(See <span class="smcap">Birds</span>, Vol. I, page <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25983/25983-h/25983-h.htm#Page_174">174</a>,) +from the Plains to the +Pacific, being found in all suitable +localities. The nest is usually built +in a bush or in the lower limbs of trees, +a few feet from the ground. Fine +strips of bark, small twigs, grasses, and +hair are used in preparing it for the +four tiny, light bluish-green eggs, +which readily fade when exposed to +light. The eggs so closely resemble +those of the Bluebird as not to be +distinguishable with certainty. The +nest is an inartistic one for a bird of +gay plumage.</p> + +<p>From Florence A. Merriam’s charming +book, “A-Birding on a Bronco,” +we select a description of the pretty +manners of this attractive bird. She +says:</p> + +<p>“While waiting for the Woodpeckers, +one day, I saw a small +brownish bird flying busily back and +forth to some green weeds. She was +joined by her mate, a handsome blue +Lazuli Bunting, even more beautiful +than our lovely Indigo, and he flew +beside her full of life and joy. He lit +on the side of a cockle stem, and on +the instant caught sight of me. Alas! +he seemed suddenly turned to stone. +He held onto that stalk as if his little +legs had been bars of iron and I a +devouring monster. When he had +collected his wits enough to fly off, +instead of the careless gay flight with +which he had come out through the +open air, he timidly kept low within +the cockle field, making a circuitous +way through the high stalks. He +could be afraid of me if he liked, I +thought, for after a certain amount of +suspicion, an innocent person gets +resentful; at any rate I was going to +see that nest. Creeping up cautiously +when the mother bird was away, so as +not to scare her, and carefully parting +the mallows, I looked in. Yes, there +it was, a beautiful little sage-green +nest of old grass laid in a coil. I felt +as pleased as if having a right to share +the family happiness. After that I +watched the small worker gather +material with new interest, knowing +where she was going to put it. She +worked fast, but did not take the first +thing she found, by any means. With +a flit of the wing she went in nervous +haste from cockle to cockle, looking +eagerly about her. Jumping down to +the ground, she picked up a bit of +grass, threw it down dissatisfied, and +turned away like a person looking for +something. At last she lit on the side +of a thistle, and tweaking out a fibre, +flew with it to the nest.</p> + +<p>“A month after the first encounter +with the father Lazuli, I found him +looking at me around the corner of a +cockle stalk, and in passing back +again, caught him singing full tilt, +though his bill was full of insects! +After we had turned our backs I looked +over my shoulder and had the satisfaction +of seeing him take his beakful +to the nest. You couldn’t help admiring +him, for though not a warrior who +would snap his bill over the head of +an enemy of his home, he had a gallant +holiday air with his blue coat and +merry song, and you felt sure his little +brown mate would get cheer and +courage enough from his presence to +make family dangers appear less frightful.”</p> +<p> </p> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></span></p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 452px;"> +<img src="images/i_038.jpg" width="452" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">lazuli bunting.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: -4em;" class="sml"><strong>From col. John F. Ferry.</strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 11em;" class="sml"><strong>Copyrighted by<br /></strong></span> +<span style="margin-left: 18em;" class="sml"><strong>Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</strong></span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE LAZULI BUNTING.</h2> + + +<p>You think you have seen me +before? Well, I must admit my +relative, the Indigo Bunting, and +I <em>do</em> look alike. They say +though, I am the prettier bird of +the two. Turn to your May number, page <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/25983/25983-h/25983-h.htm#Page_174">174</a>, +and decide for yourselves.</p> + +<p>I live farther west than he +does. You find him in the +eastern and middle states. Then +he disappears and I take his +place, all the way from the Great +Plains to the Pacific Ocean.</p> + +<p>Some people call me the +Lazuli Painted Finch. That’s +funny, for I never painted anything +in my life—not even my +cheeks. Would you like to know +how my mate and I go to housekeeping? +A lady who visits +California, where I live, will tell +you all about it. She rides a +horse called Mountain Billy. +He will stand still under a tree +so that she can peep into nests +and count the eggs, when the +mother bird is away.</p> + +<p>She can travel a good many +miles in that way, and meet lots +of birds. She says in her book, +that she has got acquainted with +seventy-five families, without +robbing one nest, or doing the +little creatures any harm.</p> + +<p>Well, one day this lady saw a +brownish bird flying busily back +and forth to some tall green +weeds. After a while a handsome +blue Bunting flew along +side of her, full of life and joy.</p> + +<p>That was my mate and I. +How frightened I was! for our +nest was in those green weeds +and not very far from the +ground. I flew away as soon as +I could pluck up courage, but +not far, so that I could watch +the lady and the nest. How my +heart jumped when I saw her +creep up, part the weeds and +look in. All she saw was a few +twigs and a sage-green nest of +old grass laid in a coil. My +mate hadn’t put in the lining +yet; you see it takes her quite a +while to get the thistle down and +the hair and strips of bark for +the inside. The next time the +lady passed, the house was done +and my mate was sitting on the +nest. She just looked down at +us from the back of Mountain +Billy and passed on.</p> + +<p>Four weeks after, she came +again, and there I was, flying +about and singing “like a bird,” +my mouth full of insects, too. I +waited ’till she had turned away +before I flew to the nest to feed +our little ones. I didn’t know, +you see, that she was such a +good friend of ours, or I +wouldn’t have been so afraid.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></span></p> +<h2>SUMMARY</h2> + + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>SUMMER TANAGER.</strong>—<em>Piranga rubra.</em> +Other names: “Summer Red-bird,” “Rose Tanager.”</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Eastern United States west to the +edge of the Plains; north regularly to about 40°—New +Jersey, central Ohio, Illinois, casually +north to Connecticut and Ontario, accidentally to +Nova Scotia, wintering in Cuba, Central America, +and northern South America. (Davie.)</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—Of bark strips and leaves interwoven +with various vegetable substances, on drooping +branch of tree.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Three or four, bluish-white or +greenish-blue, with cinnamon or olive-brown markings.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>AMERICAN WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE</strong>—<em>Anser albifrons gambeli.</em> +Other names: “Laughing Goose,” “Speckle Belly.”</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—North America, breeding far northward; +in winter south to Mexico and Cuba, +rare on the Atlantic coast.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—On the ground, of grasses lined with down.</p> + +<p>Eggs—Six or seven, dull greenish-yellow +with obscure darker tints.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>TURNSTONE.</strong>—<em>Arenaria interpres.</em> Other +names: “Brant Bird,” “Calico-back,” “Bead-bird,” +“Sand-runner,” “Chickling,” “Horse-foot Snipe.”</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Nearly cosmopolitan; nests in the +Arctic regions, and in America migrates southward +to Patagonia. (Chapman.)</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—A slight depression on the ground.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Two or four, greenish-drab, spotted +all over with brown.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>THE BELTED PIPING PLOVER.</strong>—<em>Aegialitis +meloda circumcincta.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Missouri river region; occasionally +eastward to the Atlantic coast.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—Depression in the sand without lining.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Four, light gray to creamy buff, +finely speckled with blackish brown and purplish +gray.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>WILD TURKEY</strong>—<em>Meleagris gallopava.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Eastern United States from Pennsylvania +southward to Florida, west to Wisconsin, +the Indian Territory and Texas.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—On the ground, at the base of a bush +or tree.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Ten to fourteen, pale cream buff, finely +and evenly speckled with grayish brown.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>CERULEAN WARBLER</strong>—<em>Dendræca caerulea.</em> +Other names: “Azure Warbler;” “White-throated Blue Warbler.”</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Mississippi valley as far north as +Minnesota, and eastward as far as Lockport, N. Y. +(Davison.) Winters in the tropics.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—Of fine grasses bound with spider’s +silk, lined with strips of bark and with a few +lichens attached to its upper surface, in a tree, +twenty-five to fifty feet from the ground. (Chapman.)</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Four, creamy-white, thickly covered +with rather heavy blotches of reddish brown.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>YELLOW-BILLED TROPIC BIRD.</strong>—<em>Phaethon flavirostris.</em> +Other names: “Phaeton.”</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range.</span>—Tropical coasts; Atlantic coasts of +tropical America, West Indies, Bahamas, Bermudas; +casual in Florida and accidental in +Western New York and Nova Scotia. (Chapman.)</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—In holes in the perpendicular faces of +cliffs, also on the flat surfaces of rocks.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—One, ground color of purplish brownish +white, covered with fine reddish chocolate-colored +spots. (Davie.)</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_190">190</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>EUROPEAN KINGFISHER.</strong>—<em>Alcedo ispida.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—England and portions of Europe.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—In holes of the banks of streams.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Usually six, of a deep pinkish hue.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>VERMILION FLY-CATCHER.</strong>—<em>Pyocephalus +rubineus mexicanus.</em></p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Southern Border of the United +States south through Mexico and Guatemala.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—In forks of ratana trees, not more than +six feet up, of small twigs and soft materials +felted together, the rims covered with lichens; +the cavity is shallow.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Usually three, the ground color a rich +creamy-white, with a ring of large brown and +lilac blotches at the larger end.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.</p> + +<p><strong>LAZULI BUNTING.</strong>—<em>Passerina amoena.</em> +Other name: “Lazuli Painted Finch.”</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Range</span>—Western United States from the +Great Plains to the Pacific; south in winter to +Western Mexico.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nest</span>—In a bush or the lower limbs of trees, +a few feet from the ground, of fine strips of bark, +small twigs, grasses, and is lined with hair.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Eggs</span>—Usually four, light bluish-green.</p> + +</div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color +Photography, Vol. II., No. 5, November 1897, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR *** + +***** This file should be named 30677-h.htm or 30677-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/6/7/30677/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, some +images courtesy of The Internet Archive and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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