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diff --git a/30666.txt b/30666.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3b0984 --- /dev/null +++ b/30666.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2505 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photography +[June, 1897], by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photography [June, 1897] + A Monthly Serial designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life + +Author: Various + +Release Date: December 13, 2009 [EBook #30666] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED, JUNE 1897 *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + +Transcriber's Note: A couple of unusual spellings in the "ads" +have been left as printed. + + + * * * * * + + + + + #BIRDS Volume I.# + January to June, 1897 + + NOW READY. + +A magnificent book, a work of art--complete in two hundred and +twenty-four pages. + +Sixty full page illustrations made by the new and wonderful process, +Color Photography. + +Adapted to old and young. + +Bound in neat and durable form. + +For sale by all Newsdealers and Booksellers and by subscription. + + CLOTH $1.25 | Sent by mail to any address in the United + HALF-MOROCCO 1.75 | States or Canada on receipt of price or + MOROCCO 2.25 | #three# annual subscriptions for BIRDS + | for Cloth binding or four for Half-Morocco, + and five for Full Morocco. 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The valve + prevents a vacuum being formed to collapse them. + The ribs inside prevent collapsing when the child + bites them. The rim is such that they cannot be + pulled off the bottle. + + #Sample Free by Mail.# + #WALTER E. WARE. 512 Arch St., Phila., Pa.# + + + + + #COLUMBUS STAMPS# 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, + 8, 10, 15, 30, + 50 cents, all + unused. The 11 Stamps for #$1.90#. + + 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 cents, used. + The 8 Stamps for #30c#. + + Packet No. 4, 200 different, for #50c#. + + #Postage Stamps Bought and Sold.# + + #F. WENDT,# + _#75 State St., CHICAGO.#_ + + + Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers. + + + * * * * * + + + + + #BIRDS# + + ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY + + #A MONTHLY SERIAL# + + DESIGNED TO PROMOTE + + #KNOWLEDGE OF BIRD-LIFE# + + + + "With cheerful hop from perch to spray, + They sport along the meads; + In social bliss together stray, + Where love or fancy leads. + + Through spring's gay scenes each happy pair + Their fluttering joys pursue; + Its various charms and produce share, + Forever kind and true." + + + + CHICAGO, U. S. A. + NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY, PUBLISHERS + 1896 + + + * * * * * + + + + +PREFACE. + + +It has become a universal custom to obtain and preserve the likenesses +of one's friends. Photographs are the most popular form of these +likenesses, as they give the true exterior outlines and appearance, +(except coloring) of the subjects. But how much more popular and +useful does photography become, when it can be used as a means of +securing plates from which to print photographs in a regular printing +press, and, what is more astonishing and delightful, to produce the +REAL COLORS of nature as shown in the subject, no matter how brilliant +or varied. + +We quote from the December number of the Ladies' Home Journal: + +"_An excellent_ suggestion was recently made by the Department of +Agriculture at Washington that the public schools of the country shall +have a new holiday, to be known as Bird Day. Three cities have already +adopted the suggestion, and it is likely that others will quickly +follow. Of course, Bird Day will differ from its successful +predecessor, Arbor Day. We can plant trees but not birds. It is +suggested that Bird Day take the form of bird exhibitions, of bird +exercises, of bird studies--any form of entertainment, in fact, which +will bring children closer to their little brethren of the air, and +in more intelligent sympathy with their life and ways. There is a +wonderful story in bird life, and but few of our children know it. Few +of our elders do, for that matter. A whole day of a year can well and +profitably be given over to the birds. Than such study, nothing can be +more interesting. The cultivation of an intimate acquaintanceship with +our feathered friends is a source of genuine pleasure. We are under +greater obligations to the birds than we dream of. Without them the +world would be more barren than we imagine. Consequently, we have some +duties which we owe them. What these duties are only a few of us know +or have ever taken the trouble to find out. Our children should not be +allowed to grow to maturity without this knowledge. The more they know +of the birds the better men and women they will be. We can hardly +encourage such studies too much." + +Of all animated nature, birds are the most beautiful in coloring, most +graceful in form and action, swiftest in motion and most perfect +emblems of freedom. + +They are withal, very intelligent and have many remarkable traits, so +that their habits and characteristics make a delightful study for all +lovers of nature. In view of the facts, we feel that we are doing +a useful work for the young, and one that will be appreciated by +progressive parents, in placing within the easy possession of children +in the homes these beautiful photographs of birds. + +The text is prepared with the view of giving the children as clear an +idea as possible, of haunts, habits, characteristics and such other +information as will lead them to love the birds and delight in their +study and acquaintance. + + NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING + + + * * * * * + + + + + #BIRDS.# + + ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY. + + ====================================================================== + VOL. 1. JUNE, 1897. No. 6. + ====================================================================== + + +BIRD SONG. + + "I cannot love the man who doth not love, + As men love light, the song of happy birds." + + +It is indeed fitting that the great poets have ever been the +best interpreters of the songs of birds. In many of the plays of +Shakespeare, especially where the scene is laid in the primeval +forest, his most delicious bits of fancy are inspired by the flitting +throng. Wordsworth and Tennyson, and many of the minor English poets, +are pervaded with bird notes, and Shelley's masterpiece, The Skylark, +will long survive his greater and more ambitious poems. Our own poet, +Cranch, has left one immortal stanza, and Bryant, and Longfellow, and +Lowell, and Whittier, and Emerson have written enough of poetic +melody, the direct inspiration of the feathered inhabitants of the +woods, to fill a good-sized volume. In prose, no one has said finer +things than Thoreau, who probed nature with a deeper ken than any of +his contemporaries. He is to be read, and read, and read. + +But just what meaning should be attached to a bird's notes--some of +which are "the least disagreeable of noises"--will probably never be +discovered. They do seem to express almost every feeling of which the +human heart is capable. We wonder if the Mocking Bird understands what +all these notes mean. He is so fine an imitator that it is hard to +believe he is not doing more than mimicking the notes of other birds, +but rather that he really does mock them with a sort of defiant +sarcasm. He banters them less, perhaps, than the Cat Bird, but one +would naturally expect all other birds to fly at him with vengeful +purpose. But perhaps the birds are not so sensitive as their human +brothers, who do not always look upon imitation as the highest +flattery. + +A gentleman who kept a note-book, describes one of the matinee +performances of the Mocker, which he attended by creeping under a tent +curtain. He sat at the foot of a tree on the top of which the bird was +perched unconscious of his presence. The Mocker gave one of the notes +of the Guinea-hen, a fine imitation of the Cardinal, or Red Bird, +an exact reproduction of the note of the Phoebe, and some of the +difficult notes of the Yellow-breasted Chat. "Now I hear a young +chicken peeping. Now the Carolina Wren sings, '_cheerily, cheerily, +cheerily_.' Now a small bird is shrilling with a fine insect tone. A +Flicker, a Wood-pewee, and a Phoebe follow in quick succession. Then a +Tufted Titmouse squeals. To display his versatility, he gives a dull +performance which couples the '_go-back_' of the Guinea fowl with the +plaint of the Wood-pewee, two widely diverse vocal sounds. With all +the performance there is such perfect self-reliance and consciousness +of superior ability that one feels that the singer has but to choose +what bird he will imitate next." + +Nor does the plaintive, melancholy note of the Robin, that "pious" +bird, altogether express his character. He has so many lovely traits, +according to his biographers, that we accept him unhesitatingly as a +truly good bird. Didn't he once upon a time tenderly cover with leaves +certain poor little wanderers? Isn't he called "The Bird of the +Morning?" And evening as well, for you can hear his sad voice long +after the sun has himself retired. + +The poet Coleridge claims the credit of first using the Owl's cry +in poetry, and his musical note _Tu-whit, tu-who!_ has made him a +favorite with the poets. Tennyson has fancifully played upon it in +his little "Songs to the Owl," the last stanza of which runs: + + "I would mock thy chant anew; + But I cannot mimic it, + Not a whit of thy tuhoo, + Thee to woo to thy tuwhit, + Thee to woo to thy tuwhit. + + With a lengthen'd loud halloo, + Tuwhoo, tuwhit, tuwhit, tuhoo-o-o." + +But Coleridge was not correct in his claim to precedence in the use of +the Owl's cry, for Shakespeare preceded him, and Tennyson's "First +Song to the Owl" is modeled after that at the end of "Love's Labor +Lost:" + + "When roasted crabs hiss in the bowl, + Then nightly sings the staring Owl, + Tu-who; + Tu-whit, tu-who, a merry note." + +In references to birds, Tennyson is the most felicitous of all poets +and the exquisite swallow-song in "The Princess" is especially +recommended to the reader's perusal. + +Birds undoubtedly sing for the same reasons that inspire to utterance +all the animated creatures in the universe. Insects sing and bees, +crickets, locusts, and mosquitos. Frogs sing, and mice, monkeys, +and woodchucks. We have recently heard even an English Sparrow do +something better than chipper; some very pretty notes escaped him, +perchance, because his heart was overflowing with love-thoughts, and +he was very merry, knowing that his affection was reciprocated. The +elevated railway stations, about whose eaves the ugly, hastily built +nests protrude everywhere, furnish ample explanation of his reasons +for singing. + +Birds are more musical at certain times of the day as well as at +certain seasons of the year. During the hour between dawn and sunrise +occurs the grand concert of the feathered folk. There are no concerts +during the day--only individual songs. After sunset there seems to be +an effort to renew the chorus, but it cannot be compared to the +morning concert when they are practically undisturbed by man. + +Birds sing because they are happy. Bradford Torrey has given with much +felicity his opinion on the subject, as follows: + +"I recall a Cardinal Grosbeak, whom I heard several years ago, on the +bank of the Potomac river. An old soldier had taken me to visit the +Great Falls, and as we were clambering over the rocks this Grosbeak +began to sing; and soon, without any hint from me, and without knowing +who the invisible musician was, my companion remarked upon the +uncommon beauty of the song. The Cardinal is always a great singer, +having a voice which, as European writers say, is almost equal to the +Nightingale's; but in this case the more stirring, martial quality of +the strain had given place to an exquisite mellowness, as if it were, +what I have no doubt it was, + + A Song of Love." + --C. C. Marble. + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + + + +[Illustration: From col. F. M. Woodruff. YELLOW-THROATED VIREO.] + + +THE YELLOW-THROATED VIREO. + + +The popular name of this species of an attractive family is Yellow +Throated Greenlet, and our young readers will find much pleasure in +watching its pretty movements and listening to its really delightful +song whenever they visit the places where it loves to spend the happy +hours of summer. In some respects it is the most remarkable of all +the species of the family found in the United States. "The Birds +of Illinois," a book that may be profitably studied by the young +naturalist, states that it is decidedly the finest singer, has the +loudest notes of admonition and reproof, and is the handsomest in +plumage, and hence the more attractive to the student. + +A recognized observer says he has found it only in the woods, and +mostly in the luxuriant forests of the bottom lands. The writer's +experience accords with that of Audubon and Wilson, the best +authorities in their day, but the habits of birds vary greatly with +locality, and in other parts of the country, notably in New England, +it is very familiar, delighting in the companionship of man. It breeds +in eastern North America, and winters in Florida, Cuba and Central +America. + +The Vireo makes a very deep nest, suspended by its upper edge, +between the forks of a horizontal branch. The eggs are white, +generally with a few reddish brown blotches. All authorities agree as +to the great beauty of the nest, though they differ as to its exact +location. It is a woodland bird, loving tall trees and running water, +"haunting the same places as the Solitary Vireo." During migration the +Yellow-throat is seen in orchards and in the trees along side-walks +and lawns, mingling his golden colors with the rich green of June +leaves. + +The Vireos, or Greenlets, are like the Warblers in appearance and +habits. We have no birds, says Torrey, that are more unsparing of +their music; they sing from morning till night, and--some of them, at +least--continue theirs till the very end of the season. The song of +the Yellow-throat is rather too monotonous and persistent. It is hard +sometimes not to get out of patience with its ceasless and noisy +iteration of its simple tune; especially if you are doing your utmost +to catch the notes of some rarer and more refined songster. This is +true also of some other birds, whose occasional silence would add much +to their attractiveness. + + + + +THE MOCKING BIRD. + + +Some bright morning this month, you may hear a Robin's song from a +large tree near by. A Red Bird answers him and then the Oriole chimes +in. I can see you looking around to find the birds that sing so +sweetly. All this time a gay bird sits among the green leaves and +laughs at you as you try to find three birds when only one is there. + +It is the Mocking Bird or Mocker, and it is he who has been fooling +you with his song. Nature has given him lots of music and gifted him +with the power of imitating the songs of other birds and sounds of +other animals. + +He is certainly the sweetest of our song birds. The English +Nightingale alone is his rival. I think, however, if our Mocker could +hear the Nightingale's song, he could learn it. + +The Mocking Bird is another of our Thrushes. By this time you have +surely made up your minds that the Thrushes are sweet singers. + +The Mocker seems to take delight in fooling people. One gentleman +while sitting on his porch heard what he thought to be a young bird in +distress. He went in the direction of the sound and soon heard the +same cry behind him. He turned and went back toward the porch, when he +heard it in another direction. Soon he found out that Mr. Mocking Bird +had been fooling him, and was flying about from shrub to shrub making +that sound. + +His nest is carelessly made of almost anything he can find. The small, +bluish-green eggs are much like the Catbird's eggs. + +Little Mocking Birds look very much like the young of other Thrushes, +and do not become Mockers like their parents, until they are full +grown. + +Which one of the other Thrushes that you have seen in BIRDS does the +Mocking Bird resemble? + +He is the only Thrush that sings while on the wing. All of the others +sing only while perching. + +[Illustration: From col. F. M. Woodruff. AMERICAN MOCKING BIRD.] + + + + +JUNE. + + Frank-hearted hostess of the field and wood, + Gipsy, whose roof is every spreading tree, + June is the pearl of our New England year, + Still a surprisal, though expected long, + Her coming startles. Long she lies in wait, + Makes many a feint, peeps forth, draws coyly back, + Then, from some southern ambush in the sky, + With one great gush of blossoms storms the world. + A week ago the Sparrow was divine; + The Bluebird, shifting his light load of song + From post to post along the cheerless fence, + Was as a rhymer ere the poet came; + But now, O rapture! sunshine winged and voiced, + Pipe blown through by the warm, wild breath of the West, + Shepherding his soft droves of fleecy cloud, + Gladness of woods, skies, waters, all in one, + The Bobolink has come, and, like the soul + Of the sweet season vocal in a bird, + Gurgles in ecstasy we know not what + Save _June! Dear June! Now God be praised for June._ + + --LOWELL. + + + + +[Illustration: From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences. BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT +HERON.] + + +THE BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT HERON. + + +What a beautiful creature this is! A mounted specimen requires, like +the Snowy Owl, the greatest care and a dust tight glass case to +preserve its beauty. Dr. Coues' account of it should be read by those +who are interested in the science of ornithology. It is a common bird +in the United States and British Provinces, being migratory and +resident in the south. Heronries, sometimes of vast extent, to which +they return year after year, are their breeding places. Each nest +contains three or four eggs of a pale, sea-green color. Observe the +peculiar plumes, sometimes two, in this case three, which spring from +the back of the head. These usually lie close together in one bundle, +but are often blown apart by the wind in the form of streamers. This +Heron derives its name from its habits, as it is usually seen flying +at night, or in the early evening, when it utters a sonorous cry of +_quaw_ or _quawk_. It is often called Quawk or Qua-Bird. + +On the return of the Black-Crowned Night Heron in April, he promptly +takes possession of his former home, which is likely to be the most +solitary and deeply shaded part of a cedar swamp. Groves of swamp oak +in retired and water covered places, are also sometimes chosen, and +the males often select tall trees on the bank of the river to roost +upon during the day. About the beginning of twilight they direct their +flight toward the marshes, uttering in a hoarse and hollow tone, the +sound _qua_. At this hour all the nurseries in the swamps are emptied +of their occupants, who disperse about the marshes along the ditches +and river shore in search of food. Some of these nesting places have +been occupied every spring and summer for many years by nearly a +hundred pair of Herons. In places where the cedars have been cut down +and removed the Herons merely move to another part of the swamp, not +seeming greatly disturbed thereby; but when attacked and plundered +they have been known to remove from an ancient home in a body to some +unknown place. + +The Heron's nest is plain enough, being built of sticks. On entering +the swamp in the neighborhood of one of the heronries the noise of the +old and young birds equals that made by a band of Indians in conflict. +The instant an intruder is discovered, the entire flock silently rises +in the air and removes to the tops of the trees in another part of the +woods, while sentries of eight or ten birds make occasional circuits +of inspection. + +The young Herons climb to the tops of the highest trees, but do not +attempt to fly. While it is probable these birds do not see well by +day, they possess an exquisite facility of hearing, which renders it +almost impossible to approach their nesting places without discovery. +Hawks hover over the nests, making an occasional sweep among the +young, and the Bald Eagle has been seen to cast a hungry eye upon +them. + +The male and female can hardly be distinguished. Both have the plumes, +but there is a slight difference in size. + +The food of the Night Heron, or Qua-Bird, is chiefly fish, and his two +interesting traits are tireless watchfulness and great appetite. He +digests his food with such rapidity that however much he may eat, he +is always ready to eat again; hence he is little benefited by what he +does eat, and is ever in appearance in the same half-starved state, +whether food is abundant or scarce. + + + + +THE RING-BILLED GULL. + + +The Ring-billed Gull is a common species throughout eastern North +America, breeding throughout the northern tier of the United States, +whose northern border is the limit of its summer home. As a rule in +winter it is found in Illinois and south to the Gulf of Mexico. It is +an exceedingly voracious bird, continually skimming over the surface +of the water in search of its finny prey, and often following shoals +of fish to great distances. The birds congregate in large numbers at +their breeding places, which are rocky islands or headlands in the +ocean. Most of the families of Gulls are somewhat migratory, visiting +northern regions in summer to rear their young. The following lines +give with remarkable fidelity the wing habits and movements of this +tireless bird: + + "On nimble wing the gull + Sweeps booming by, intent to cull + Voracious, from the billows' breast, + Marked far away, his destined feast. + Behold him now, deep plunging, dip + His sunny pinion's sable tip + In the green wave; now highly skim + With wheeling flight the water's brim; + Wave in blue sky his silver sail + Aloft, and frolic with the gale, + Or sink again his breast to lave, + And float upon the foaming wave. + Oft o'er his form your eyes may roam, + Nor know him from the feathery foam, + Nor 'mid the rolling waves, your ear + On yelling blast his clamor hear." + +This Gull lives principally on fish, but also greedily devours +insects. He also picks up small animals or animal substances with +which he meets, and, like the vulture, devours them even in a putrid +condition. He walks well and quickly, swims bouyantly, lying in the +water like an air bubble, and dives with facility, but to no great +depth. + +As the breeding time approaches the Gulls begin to assemble in flocks, +uniting to form a numerous host. Even upon our own shores their +nesting places are often occupied by many hundred pairs, whilst +further north they congregate in countless multitudes. They literally +cover the rocks on which their nests are placed, the brooding parents +pressing against each other. + +Wilson says that the Gull, when riding bouyantly upon the waves and +weaving a sportive dance, is employed by the poets as an emblem of +purity, or as an accessory to the horrors of a storm, by his shrieks +and wild piercing cries. In his habits he is the vulture of the ocean, +while in grace of motion and beauty of plumage he is one of the most +attractive of the splendid denizens of the ocean and lakes. + +The Ring-billed Gull's nest varies with localities. Where there is +grass and sea weed, these are carefully heaped together, but where +these fail the nest is of scanty material. Two to four large oval +eggs of brownish green or greenish brown, spotted with grey and brown, +are hatched in three or four weeks, the young appearing in a thick +covering of speckled down. If born on the ledge of a high rock, the +chicks remain there until their wings enable them to leave it, but if +they come from the shell on the sand of the beach they trot about +like little chickens. During the first few days they are fed with +half-digested food from the parents' crops, and then with freshly +caught fish. + +The Gull rarely flies alone, though occasionally one is seen far away +from the water soaring in majestic solitude above the tall buildings +of the city. + +[Illustration: From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences. RING-BILLED GULL.] + + + + +THE MOCKING BIRD. + + +The Mocking Bird is regarded as the chief of songsters, for in +addition to his remarkable powers of imitation, he is without a rival +in variety of notes. The Brown Thrasher is thought by many to have a +sweeter song, and one equally vigorous, but there is a bold brilliancy +in the performance of the Mocker that is peculiarly his own, and which +has made him _par excellence_ the forest extemporizer of vocal melody. +About this of course there will always be a difference of opinion, as +in the case of the human melodists. + +So well known are the habits and characteristics of the Mocking Bird +that nearly all that could be written about him would be but a +repetition of what has been previously said. In Illinois, as in many +other states, its distribution is very irregular, its absence from +some localities which seem in every way suited being very difficult to +account for. Thus, according to "Birds of Illinois," while one or two +pairs breed in the outskirts of Mount Carmel nearly every season, it +is nowhere in that vicinity a common bird. A few miles further north, +however, it has been found almost abundant. On one occasion, during a +three mile drive from town, six males were seen and heard singing +along the roadside. Mr. H. K. Coale says that he saw a mocking bird in +Stark county, Indiana, sixty miles southeast of Chicago, January 1, +1884; that Mr. Green Smith had met with it at Kensington Station, +Illinois, and that several have been observed in the parks and +door-yards of Chicago. In the extreme southern portion of the state +the species is abundant, and is resident through the year. + +The Mocking Bird does not properly belong among the birds of the +middle or eastern states, but as there are many records of its +nesting in these latitudes it is thought to be safe to include it. +Mrs. Osgood Wright states that individuals have often been seen in the +city parks of the east, one having lived in Central Park, New York +city, late into the winter, throughout a cold and extreme season. They +have reared their young as far north as Arlington, near Boston, where +they are noted, however, as rare summer residents. Dr. J. A. Allen, +editor of _The Auk_, notes that they occasionally nest in the +Connecticut Valley. + +The Mocking Bird has a habit of singing and fluttering in the middle +of the night, and in different individuals the song varies, as is +noted of many birds, particularly canaries. The song is a natural love +song, a rich dreamy melody. The mocking song is imitative of the notes +of all the birds of field, forest, and garden, broken into fragments. + +The Mocker's nest is loosely made of leaves and grass, rags, feathers, +etc., plain and comfortable. It is never far from the ground. The eggs +are four to six, bluish green, spattered with shades of brown. + +Wilson's description of the Mocking Bird's song will probably never be +surpassed: "With expanded wings and tail glistening with white, and +the bouyant gayety of his action arresting the eye, as his song does +most irresistably the ear, he sweeps around with enthusiastic ecstasy, +and mounts and descends as his song swells or dies away. And he often +deceives the sportsman, and sends him in search of birds that are not +perhaps within miles of him, but whose notes he exactly imitates." + +Very useful is he, eating large spiders and grasshoppers, and the +destructive cottonworm. + + + + +THE LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE. + + +A rambler in the fields and woodlands during early spring or +the latter part of autumn is often surprised at finding insects, +grasshoppers, dragon flies, beetles of all kinds, and even larger +game, mice, and small birds, impaled on twigs and thorns. This is +apparently cruel sport, he observes, if he is unacquainted with the +Butcher Bird and his habits, and he at once attributes it to the +wanton sport of idle children who have not been led to say, + + With hearts to love, with eyes to see, + With ears to hear their minstrelsy; + Through us no harm, by deed or word, + Shall ever come to any bird. + +If he will look about him, however, the real author of this mischief +will soon be detected as he appears with other unfortunate little +creatures, which he requires to sustain his own life and that of his +nestlings. The offender he finds to be the Shrike of the northern +United States, most properly named the Butcher Bird. Like all tyrants +he is fierce and brave only in the presence of creatures weaker than +himself, and cowers and screams with terror if he sees a falcon. And +yet, despite this cruel proceeding, which is an implanted instinct +like that of the dog which buries bones he never seeks again, there +are few more useful birds than the Shrike. In the summer he lives on +insects, ninety-eight per cent. of his food for July and August +consisting of insects, mainly grasshoppers; and in winter, when +insects are scarce, mice form a very large proportion of his food. + +The Butcher Bird has a very agreeable song, which is soft and musical, +and he often shows cleverness as a mocker of other birds. He has been +taught to whistle parts of tunes, and is as readily tamed as any of +our domestic songsters. + +The nest is usually found on the outer limbs of trees, often from +fifteen to thirty feet from the ground. It is made of long strips of +the inner bark of bass-wood, strengthened on the sides with a few dry +twigs, stems, and roots, and lined with fine grasses. The eggs are +often six in number, of a yellowish or clayey-white, blotched and +marbled with dashes of purple, light brown, and purplish gray. Pretty +eggs to study. + +Readers of BIRDS who are interested in eggs do not need to disturb +the mothers on their nests in order to see and study them. In all the +great museums specimens of the eggs of nearly all birds are displayed +in cases, and accurately colored plates have been made and published +by the Smithsonian Institution and others. The Chicago Academy of +Sciences has a fine collection of eggs. Many persons imagine that +these institutions engage in cruel slaughter of birds in order to +collect eggs and nests. This, of course, is not true, only the fewest +number being taken, and with the exclusive object of placing before +the people, not for their amusement but rather for their instruction, +specimens of birds and animals which shall serve for their +identification in forest and field. + +The Loggerhead Shrike and nest shown in this number were taken under +the direction of Mr. F. M. Woodruff, at Worth, Ill., about fourteen +miles from Chicago. The nest was in a corner of an old hedge of Osage +Orange, and about eight feet from the ground. He says in the _Osprey_ +that it took considerable time and patience to build up a platform of +fence boards and old boxes to enable the photographer to do his work. +The half-eaten body of a young garter snake was found about midway +between the upper surface of the nest and the limb above, where it had +been hung up for future use. + +[Illustration: From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences. LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE.] + + + + +THE BALTIMORE ORIOLE. + + +Baltimore Orioles are inhabitants of the whole of North America, from +Canada to Mexico. They enter Louisiana as soon as spring commences +there. The name of Baltimore Oriole has been given it, because its +colors of black and orange are those of the family arms of Lord +Baltimore, to whom Maryland formerly belonged. Tradition has it that +George Calvert, the first Baron Baltimore, worn out and discouraged +by the various trials and rigours of temperature experienced in his +Newfoundland colony in 1628, visited the Virginia settlement. He +explored the waters of the Chesapeake, and found the woods and shores +teeming with birds, among them great flocks of Orioles, which so +cheered him by their beauty of song and splendor of plumage, that +he took them as good omens and adopted their colors for his own. + +When the Orioles first arrive the males are in the majority; they sit +in the spruces calling by the hour, with lonely querulous notes. In a +few days however, the females appear, and then the martial music +begins, the birds' golden trumpeting often turning to a desperate +clashing of cymbals when two males engage in combat, for "the Oriole +has a temper to match his flaming plumage and fights with a will." + +This Oriole is remarkably familiar, and fearless of man, hanging its +beautiful nest upon the garden trees, and even venturing into the +street wherever a green tree nourishes. The materials of which its +nest is made are flax, various kinds of vegetable fibers, wool, and +hair, matted together so as to resemble felt in consistency. A +number of long horse-hairs are passed completely through the fibers, +sewing it firmly together with large and irregular, but strong and +judiciously placed stitching. In one of these nests an observer found +that several of the hairs used for this purpose measured two feet in +length. The nest is in the form of a long purse, six or seven inches +in depth, three or four inches in diameter; at the bottom is arranged +a heap of soft material in which the eggs find a warm resting place. +The female seems to be the chief architect, receiving a constant +supply of materials from her mate, occasionally rejecting the fibers +or hairs which he may bring, and sending him off for another load more +to her taste. + +Like human builders, the bird improves in nest building by practice, +the best specimens of architecture being the work of the oldest birds, +though some observers deny this. + +The eggs are five in number, and their general color is whitish-pink, +dotted at the larger end with purplish spots, and covered at the +smaller end with a great number of fine intersecting lines of the same +hue. + +In spring the Oriole's food seems to be almost entirely of an animal +nature, consisting of caterpillars, beetles, and other insects, which +it seldom pursues on the wing, but seeks with great activity among +the leaves and branches. It also eats ripe fruit. The males of this +elegant species of Oriole acquire the full beauty of their plumage the +first winter after birth. + +The Baltimore Oriole is one of the most interesting features of +country landscape, his movements, as he runs among the branches of +trees, differing from those of almost all other birds. Watch him +clinging by the feet to reach an insect so far away as to require the +full extension of the neck, body, and legs without letting go his +hold. He glides, as it were, along a small twig, and at other times +moves sidewise for a few steps. His motions are elegant and stately. + + + + +THE BALTIMORE ORIOLE. + + +About the middle of May, when the leaves are all coming out to see the +bright sunshine, you may sometimes see, among the boughs, a bird of +beautiful black and orange plumage. + +He looks like the Orchard Oriole, whose picture you saw in May +"Birds." It is the Baltimore Oriole. He has other names, such as +"Golden Robin," "Fire Bird," "Hang-nest." I could tell you how he came +to be called Baltimore Oriole, but would rather you'd ask your teacher +about it. She can tell you all about it, and an interesting story it +is, I assure you. + +You see from the picture why he is called "Hang-nest." Maybe you can +tell why he builds his nest that way. + +The Orioles usually select for their nest the longest and slenderest +twigs, way out on the highest branches of a large tree. They like the +elm best. From this they hang their bag-like nest. + +It must be interesting to watch them build the nest, and it requires +lots of patience, too, for it usually takes a week or ten days to +build it. + +They fasten both ends of a string to the twigs between which the nest +is to hang. After fastening many strings like this, so as to cross one +another, they weave in other strings crosswise, and this makes a sort +of bag or pouch. Then they put in the lining. + +Of course, it swings and rocks when the wind blows, and what a nice +cradle it must be for the baby Orioles? + +Orioles like to visit orchards and eat the bugs, beetles and +caterpillars that injure the trees and fruit. + +There are few birds who do more good in this way than Orioles. + +Sometimes they eat grapes from the vines and peck at fruit on the +trees. It is usually because they want a drink that they do this. + +One good man who had a large orchard and vineyard placed pans of water +in different places. Not only the Orioles, but other birds, would go +to the pan for a drink, instead of pecking at the fruit. Let us think +of this, and when we have a chance, give the birds a drink of water. +They will repay us with their sweetest songs. + +[Illustration: From col. F. M. Woodruff. BALTIMORE ORIOLE.] + + + + +THE SNOWY OWL. + + +Few of all the groups of birds have such decided markings, such +characteristic distinctions, as the Owl. There is a singular +resemblance between the face of an Owl and that of a cat, which is the +more notable, as both of these creatures have much the same habits, +live on the same prey, and are evidently representatives of the same +idea in their different classes. The Owl, in fact, is a winged cat, +just as the cat is a furred owl. + +The Snowy Owl is one of the handsomest of this group, not so much on +account of its size, which is considerable, as by reason of the +beautiful white mantle which it wears, and the large orange eyeballs +that shine with the lustre of a topaz set among the snowy plumage. + +It is a native of the north of Europe and America, but is also found +in the more northern parts of England, being seen, though rather a +scarce bird, in the Shetland and Orkney Islands, where it builds its +nest and rears its young. One will be more likely to find this owl +near the shore, along the line of salt marshes and woody stubble, than +further inland. The marshes do not freeze so easily or deep as the +iron bound uplands, and field-mice are more plentiful in them. It is +so fleet of wing that if its appetite is whetted, it can follow and +capture a Snow Bunting or a Junco in its most rapid flight. + +Like the Hawk Owl, it is a day-flying bird, and is a terrible foe +to the smaller mammalia, and to various birds. Mr. Yarrell in his +"History of the British Birds," states that one wounded on the Isle of +Balta disgorged a young rabbit whole, and that a young Sandpiper, with +its plumage entire, was found in the stomach of another. + +In proportion to its size the Snowy Owl is a mighty hunter, having +been detected chasing the American hare, and carrying off wounded +Grouse before the sportsman could secure his prey. It is also a good +fisherman, posting itself on some convenient spot overhanging the +water, and securing its finny prey with a lightning-like grasp of the +claw as it passes beneath the white clad fisher. Sometimes it will +sail over the surface of a stream, and snatch the fish as they rise +for food. It is also a great lover of lemmings, and in the destruction +of these quadruped pests does infinite service to the agriculturist. + +The large round eyes of this owl are very beautiful. Even by daylight +they are remarkable for their gem-like sheen, but in the evening they +are even more attractive, glowing like balls of living fire. + +From sheer fatigue these birds often seek a temporary resting place on +passing ships. A solitary owl, after a long journey, settled on the +rigging of a ship one night. A sailor who was ordered aloft, terrified +by the two glowing eyes that suddenly opened upon his own, descended +hurriedly to the deck, declaring to the crew that he had seen "Davy +Jones a-sitting up there on the main yard." + + + + +THE SNOWY OWL. + + +What do you think of this bird with his round, puffy head? You of +course know it is an Owl. I want you to know him as the Snowy Owl. + +Don't you think his face is some like that of your cat? This fellow is +not full grown, but only a child. If he were full grown he would be +pure white. The dark color you see is only the tips of the feathers. +You can't see his beak very well for the soft feathers almost cover +it. + +His large soft eyes look very pretty out of the white feathers. What +color would you call them? Most owls are quiet during the day and very +busy all night. The Snowy Owl is not so quiet day times. He flies +about considerably and gets most of his food in daylight. + +A hunter who was resting under a tree, on the bank of a river, tells +this of him: + +"A Snowy Owl was perched on the branch of a dead tree that had fallen +into the river. He sat there looking into the water and blinking his +large eyes. + +Suddenly he reached out and before I could see how he did it, a fish +was in his claws." + +This certainly shows that he can see well in the day time. He can see +best, however, in the twilight, in cloudy weather or moonlight. That +is the way with your cat. + +The wing feathers of the owl are different from those of most birds. +They are as soft as down. This is why you cannot hear him when he +flies. Owls while perching are almost always found in quiet places +where they will not be disturbed. + +Did you ever hear the voice of an owl in the night? If you never have, +you cannot imagine how dreary it sounds. He surely is "The Bird of the +Night." + +[Illustration: From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences. SNOWY OWL.] + + + + +BIRDS AND FARMERS. + +_From the Forest and Stream._ + + +The advocates of protection for our small birds present two sets of +reasons for preventing their killing; the one sentimental, and the +other economic. + +The sentimental reasons are the ones most often urged; they are also +of a kind to appeal with especial force to those whose responsibility +for the destruction of the birds is greatest. The women and girls, for +whose adornment birds' plumage is chiefly used, think little and know +less about the services which birds perform for agriculture, and +indeed it may be doubted whether the sight of a bunch of feathers or a +stuffed bird's skin suggests to them any thought of the life that +those feathers once represented. But when the wearers are reminded +that there was such a life; that it was cheery and beautiful, and that +it was cut short merely that their apparel might be adorned, they are +quick to recognize that bird destruction involves a wrong, and are +ready to do their part toward ending it by refusing to wear plumage. + +The small boy who pursues little birds from the standpoint of the +hunter in quest of his game, feels only the ardor of pursuit. His +whole mind is concentrated on that and the hunter's selfishness, the +desire of possession, fills his heart. Ignorance and thoughtlessness +destroy the birds. + +Every one knows in a general way that birds render most valuable +service to the farmer, but although these services have long been +recognized in the laws standing on the statute books of the +various states, it is only within a few years that any systematic +investigations have been undertaken to determine just what such +services are, to measure them with some approach to accuracy, to weigh +in the case of each species the good and the evil done, and so to +strike a balance in favor of the bird or against it. The inquiries +carried on by the Agricultural Department on a large scale and those +made by various local experiment stations and by individual observers +have given results which are very striking and which can no longer be +ignored. + +It is a difficult matter for any one to balance the good things that +he reads and believes about any animal against the bad things that he +actually sees. The man who witnesses the theft of his cherries by +robin or catbird, or the killing of a quail by a marsh hawk, feels +that here he has ocular proof of harm done by the birds, while as to +the insects or the field mice destroyed, and the crops saved, he has +only the testimony of some unknown and distant witness. It is only +natural that the observer should trust the evidence of his senses, and +yet his eyes tell him only a small part of the truth, and that small +part a misleading one. + +It is certain that without the services of these feathered laborers, +whose work is unseen, though it lasts from daylight till dark through +every day in the year, agriculture in this country would come to an +immediate standstill, and if in the brief season of fruit each one +of these workers levies on the farmer the tribute of a few berries, +the price is surely a small one to pay for the great good done. +Superficial persons imagine that the birds are here only during the +summer, but this is a great mistake. It is true that in warm weather, +when insect life is most abundant, birds are also most abundant. They +wage an effective and unceasing war against the adult insects and +their larvae, and check their active depredations; but in winter the +birds carry on a campaign which is hardly less important in its +results. + + + + +THE SCARLET TANAGER. + + +One of the most brilliant and striking of all American birds is +the Scarlet Tanager. From its black wings resembling pockets, it +is frequently called the "Pocket Bird." The French call it the +"Cardinal." The female is plain olive-green, and when seen together +the pair present a curious example of the prodigality with which +mother nature pours out her favors of beauty in the adornment of some +of her creatures and seems niggardly in her treatment of others. Still +it is only by contrast that we are enabled to appreciate the quality +of beauty, which in this case is of the rarest sort. In the January +number of BIRDS we presented the Red Rumped Tanager, a Costa Rica +bird, which, however, is inferior in brilliancy to the Scarlet, whose +range extends from eastern United States, north to southern Canada, +west to the great plains, and south in winter to northern South +America. It inhabits woodlands and swampy places. The nesting season +begins in the latter part of May, the nest being built in low thick +woods or on the skirting of tangled thickets; very often also, in an +orchard, on the horizontal limb of a low tree or sapling. It is very +flat and loosely made of twigs and fine bark strips and lined with +rootlets and fibers of inner bark. + +The eggs are from three to five in number, and of a greenish blue, +speckled and blotted with brown, chiefly at the larger end. + +The disposition of the Scarlet Tanager is retiring, in which respect +he differs greatly from the Summer Tanager, which frequents open +groves, and often visits towns and cities. A few may be seen in our +parks, and now and then children have picked up the bright dead form +from the green grass, and wondered what might be its name. Compare it +with the Redbird, with which it is often confounded, and the contrast +will be striking. + +His call is a warble, broken by a pensive call note, sounding like the +syllables _chip-churr_, and he is regarded as a superior musician. + +"Passing through an orchard, and seeing one of these young birds that +had but lately left the nest, I carried it with me for about half a +mile to show it to a friend, and having procured a cage," says Wilson, +"hung it upon one of the large pine trees in the Botanic Garden, +within a few feet of the nest of an Orchard Oriole, which also +contained young, hoping that the charity and kindness of the Orioles +would induce them to supply the cravings of the stranger. But charity +with them as with too many of the human race, began and ended at home. +The poor orphan was altogether neglected, and as it refused to be fed +by me, I was about to return it to the place where I had found it, +when, toward the afternoon, a Scarlet Tanager, no doubt its own +parent, was seen fluttering around the cage, endeavoring to get in. +Finding he could not, he flew off, and soon returned with food in his +bill, and continued to feed it until after sunset, taking up his +lodgings on the higher branches of the same tree. In the morning, as +soon as day broke, he was again seen most actively engaged in the +same manner, and, notwithstanding the insolence of the Orioles, he +continued his benevolent offices the whole day, roosting at night as +before. On the third or fourth day he seemed extremely solicitous for +the liberation of his charge, using every expression of distressful +anxiety, and every call and invitation that nature had put in his +power, for him to come out. This was too much for the feelings of my +friend. He procured a ladder, and mounting to the spot where the bird +was suspended, opened the cage, took out his prisoner, and restored +him to liberty and to his parent, who, with notes of great exultation, +accompanied his flight to the woods." + + + + +[Illustration: From col. F. M. Woodruff. SCARLET TANAGER.] + + +THE SCARLET TANAGER. + + +What could be more beautiful to see than this bird among the green +leaves of a tree? It almost seems as though he would kindle the dry +limb upon which he perches. This is his holiday dress. He wears it +during the nesting season. After the young are reared and the summer +months gone, he changes his coat. We then find him dressed in a dull +yellowish green--the color of his mate the whole year. + +Do you remember another bird family in which the father bird changes +his dress each spring and autumn? + +The Scarlet Tanager is a solitary bird. He likes the deep woods, and +seeks the topmost branches. He likes, too, the thick evergreens. Here +he sings through the summer days. We often pass him by for he is +hidden by the green leaves above us. + +He is sometimes called our "Bird of Paradise." + +Tanagers feed upon winged insects, caterpillars, seeds, and berries. +To get these they do not need to be on the ground. For this reason it +is seldom we see them there. + +Both birds work in building the nest, and both share in caring for the +little ones. The nest is not a very pretty one--not pretty enough for +so beautiful a bird, I think. It is woven so loosely that if you were +standing under it, you could see light through it. + +Notice his strong, short beak. Now turn to the picture of the +Rose-Breasted Grosbeaks in April BIRDS. Do you see how much alike they +are? They are near relatives. + +I hope that you may all have a chance to see a Scarlet Tanager dressed +in his richest scarlet and most jetty black. + + + + +THE RUFFED GROUSE. + + +The Ruffed Grouse, which is called Partridge in New England and +Pheasant in the Middle and Southern States, is the true Grouse, while +Bob White is the real Partridge. It is unfortunate that they continue +to be confounded. The fine picture of his grouseship, however, which +we here present should go far to make clear the difference between +them. + +The range of the Ruffed Grouse is eastern United States, south to +North Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, and Arkansas. They hatch in +April, the young immediately leaving the nest with the mother. When +they hear the mother's warning note the little ones dive under leaves +and bushes, while she leads the pursuer off in an opposite direction. +Building the nest and sitting upon the eggs constitute the duties of +the female, the males during this interesting season keeping separate, +not rejoining their mates until the young are hatched, when they begin +to roam as a family. + +Like the Turkey, the Ruffed Grouse has a habit of pluming and +strutting, and also makes the drumming noise which has caused so much +discussion. This noise "is a hollow vibrating sound, beginning softly +and increasing as if a small rubber ball were dropped slowly and then +rapidly bounced on a drum." While drumming the bird contrives to make +himself invisible, and if seen it is difficult to get the slightest +clue to the manner in which the sound is produced. And observers say +that it beats with its wings on a log, that it raises its wings and +strikes their edges above its back, that it claps them against its +sides like a crowing rooster, and that it beats the air. The writer +has seen a grouse drum, appearing to strike its wings together over +its back. But there is much difference of opinion on the subject, and +young observers may settle the question for themselves. When preparing +to drum he seems fidgety and nervous and his sides are inflated. +Letting his wings droop, he flaps them so fast that they make one +continuous humming sound. In this peculiar way he calls his mate, and +while he is still drumming, the hen bird may appear, coming slyly from +the leaves. + +The nest is on the ground, made by the female of dry leaves and a few +feathers plucked from her own breast. In this slight structure she +lays ten or twelve cream-colored eggs, specked with brown. + +The eyes of the Grouse are of great depth and softness, with deep +expanding pupils and golden brown iris. + +Coming suddenly upon a young brood squatted with their mother near a +roadside in the woods, an observer first knew of their presence by the +old bird flying directly in his face, and then tumbling about at his +feet with frantic signs of distress and lameness. In the meantime the +little ones scattered in every direction and were not to be found. As +soon as the parent was satisfied of their safety, she flew a short +distance and he soon heard her clucking call to them to come to her +again. It was surprising how quickly they reached her side, seeming to +pop up as from holes in the ground. + + + + +[Illustration: From col. F. M. Woodruff. RUFFED GROUSE.] + + +THE RUFFED GROUSE. + + +At first sight most of you will think this is a turkey. Well, it does +look very much like one. He spreads his tail feathers, puffs himself +up, and struts about like a turkey. You know by this time what his +name is and I think you can easily see why he is called Ruffed. + +This proud bird and his mate live with us during the whole year. They +are found usually in grassy lands and in woods. + +Here they build their rude nest of dried grass, weeds and the like. +You will generally find it at the foot of a tree, or along side of an +old stump in or near swampy lands. + +The Ruffed Grouse has a queer way of calling his mate. He stands on a +log or stump, puffed up like a turkey--just as you see him in the +picture. Then he struts about for a time just as you have seen a +turkey gobbler do. Soon he begins to work his wings--slowly at first, +but faster and faster, until it sounds like the beating of a drum. + +His mate usually answers his call by coming. They set up housekeeping +and build their rude nest which holds from eight to fourteen eggs. As +soon as the young are hatched they can run about and find their own +food. So you see they are not much bother to their parents. When they +are a week old they can fly. The young usually stay with their parents +until next Spring. Then they start out and find mates for themselves. + +I said at the first that the Ruffed Grouse stay with us all the year. +In the winter, when it is very cold, they burrow into a snowdrift to +pass the night. During the summer they always roost all night. + + + + +THE BLACK AND WHITE CREEPING WARBLER. + + +This sprightly little bird is met with in various sections of the +country. It occurs in all parts of New England and New York, and has +been found in the interior as far north as Fort Simpson. It is common +in the Bahamas and most of the West India Islands, generally as a +migrant; in Texas, in the Indian Territory, in Mexico, and throughout +eastern America. + +Dr. Coues states that this warbler is a very common summer resident +near Washington, the greater number going farther north to breed. They +arrive there during the first week in April and are exceedingly +numerous until May. + +In its habits this bird seems to be more of a creeper than a Warbler. +It is an expert and nimble climber, and rarely, if ever, perches +on the branch of a tree or shrub. In the manner of the smaller +Woodpecker, the Creepers, Nuthatches, and Titmice, it moves rapidly +around the trunks and larger limbs of the trees of the forest in +search of small insects and their larvae. It is graceful and rapid in +movement, and is often so intent upon its hunt as to be unmindful of +the near presence of man. + +It is found chiefly in thickets, where its food is most easily +obtained, and has been known to breed in the immediate vicinity of a +dwelling. + +The song of this Warbler is sweet and pleasing. It begins to sing from +its first appearance in May and continues to repeat its brief refrain +at intervals almost until its departure in August and September. At +first it is a monotonous ditty, says Nuttall, uttered in a strong but +shrill and filing tone. These notes, as the season advances, become +more mellow and warbling. + +The Warbler's movements in search of food are very interesting to the +observer. Keeping the feet together they move in a succession of +short, rapid hops up the trunks of trees and along the limbs, passing +again to the bottom by longer flights than in the ascent. They make +but short flight from tree to tree, but are capable of flying far when +they choose. + +They build on the ground. One nest containing young about a week old +was found on the surface of shelving rock. It was made of coarse +strips of bark, soft decayed leaves, and dry grasses, and lined with a +thin layer of black hair. The parents fed their young in the presence +of the observer with affectionate attention, and showed no uneasiness, +creeping head downward about the trunks of the neighboring trees, and +carrying large smooth caterpillars to their young. + +They search the crevices in the bark of the tree trunks and branches, +look among the undergrowth, and hunt along the fences for bunches +of eggs, the buried larvae of the insects, which when undisturbed, +hatch out millions of creeping, crawling, and flying things that +devastate garden and orchard and every crop of the field. + +[Illustration: From col. Chi. Acad. Sciences. BLACK AND WHITE CREEPING +WARBLER. CHICAGO COLORTYPE CO.] + + + * * * * * + + + + +VOLUME 1. JANUARY TO JUNE, 1897. + + +INDEX. + + + Birds, The Return of the pages 101 + Bird Song " 187-8 + Bird Day in the Schools " 129-138 + Birds and Farmers " 213 + Black Bird, Red-winged, _Agelaeus Phoeniceus_ " 64-68-70-71 + Blue Bird, _Sialia Sialis_ " 75-76-78 + Bobolink, _Dolichonyx Gryzivorus_ " 92-3-4 + Bunting, Indigo, _Passerina Cyanea_ " 172-3 + + Catbird, _Galeoscoptes Carolinensis_ " 183-4-6 + Chickadee, Black-capped, _Parus Atricopillus_ " 164-5-7 + Cock of the Rock " 19-21 + Crossbill, American, _Loxia Curvirostra_ " 126-7 + Crow, American, _Corvus Americanus_ " 97-8-100 + + Duck, Mandarin, _A. Galericulata_ " 8-9-11 + + Flicker, _Colaptes Auratus_ " 89-90 + Fly-catcher, Scissor-tailed, _Milvulus Forficatus_ " 161-3 + + Gallinule, Purple, _Ionoruis Martinica_ " 120-1 + Grebe, Pied-billed, _Podilymbus Podiceps_ " 134-5-7 + Grosbeak, Rose-breasted, _Habia Ludoviciana_ " 113-115 + Grouse, Ruffed, _Bonasa Umbellus_ " 218-220-221 + Gull, Ring-billed, _Larus Delawarensis_ " 198-199 + + Halo, The " 150 + Hawk, Marsh, _Circus Hudsonius_ " 158-159 + Hawk, Night, _Chordeiles Virginianus_ " 175-6-8 + Heron, Black-crowned, _Nycticorax Nycticorax Naevius_ " 196-7 + + Jay, American Blue, _Cyanocitta Cristata_ " 39-41 + Jay, Arizona Green, _Xanthoura Luxuosa_ " 146-148 + Jay, Canada, _Perisoreus Canadensis_ " 116-17-19 + + Kingfisher, American, _Ceryle Alcyon_ " 60-61-63 + + Lark, Meadow, _Sturnella Magna_ " 105-7-8 + Longspur, Smith's, _Calcarius Pictus_ " 123-5 + Lory, Blue Mountain " 66-67 + + Mocking Bird, American, _Mimus Polyglottos_ " 192-193-201 + Mot Mot, Mexican " 49-57 + + Nesting Time " 149-150 + Nonpareil, _Passerina Ciris_ " 1-3-15 + + Oriole, Baltimore, _Icterus Galbula_ " 205-6-7 + Oriole, Golden, _Icterus Icterus_ " 34-36 + Oriole, Orchard, _Icterus Spurius_ " 154-5 + Owl, Long-eared, _Asio Wilsonianus_ " 109-111-112 + Owl, Screech, _Megascops Asio_ " 151-3-7 + Owl, Snowy, _Nyctea Nivea_ " 209-210-211 + + Paradise, Red Bird of, _Paradisea Rubra_ " 22-23-25 + Parrakeet, Australian " 16-18 + Parrot, King " 50-51 + Pheasant, Golden, _P. Pictus_ " 12-13 + Pheasant, Japan " 86-88 + + Red Bird, American, _Cardinalis Cardinalis_ " 72-74 + Robin, American, _Merula Migratoria_ " 53-4-5-9 + Roller, Swallow-tailed, Indian " 42-43 + + Shrike, Loggerhead, _Lanius Ludovicianus_ " 202-203 + Swallow, Barn, _Chelidon Erythrogaster_ " 79-80 + + Tanager, Red-rumped, _Tanagridae_ " 30-31-33 + Tanager, Scarlet, _Piranga Erythromelas_ " 214-216-217 + Tern, Black, _Hydrochelidon Ingra Surinamensis_ " 103-104 + Thrush, Brown, _Harporhynchus Rufus_ " 82-83-84 + Thrush, Wood, _Turdus Mustelinus_ " 179-180-183 + Toucan, Yellow-throated, _Ramphastos_ " 26-27-29 + Trogon, Resplendent, _Trogonidae_ " 4-7 + + Vireo, Yellow-throated, _Vireo Flavifrons_ " 189-191 + + Warbler, Black-and-white Creeping, _Mniotilta Varia_ " 222-224 + Warbler, Prothonotary, _Protonotaria Citrea_ " 168-169-171 + Wax Wing, Bohemian, _Ampelis Garrulus_ " 140-141 + Woodpecker, California, _Melanerpes Formicivorus Bairdi_ " 130-131-133 + Woodpecker, Red-headed, _Melanerpes Erythrocephalus_ " 45-46-47 + Wren, Long-billed Marsh, _Cistothorus Palustris_ " 142-144-145 + + + * * * * * + + + + + [Illustration: ELKHART LAKE.] + + Summer Excursion Tickets to the resorts of Wisconsin, Minnesota, + Michigan, Colorado, California, Montana, Washington, Oregon, and British + Columbia; also to Alaska, Japan, China, and all Trans-Pacific Points, are + now on sale by the CHICAGO, MILWAUKEE & ST. 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