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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/30664-0.txt b/30664-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f4d386b --- /dev/null +++ b/30664-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9769 @@ +Project Gutenberg’s Callista by John Henry Cardinal Newman + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Callista + +Author: John Henry Cardinal Newman + +Release Date: December 13, 2009 [Ebook #30664] +Last Updated: June 25, 2019 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALLISTA *** + + + + + + + + + + + CALLISTA + + A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY + + + BY + + JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN + + + “Love thy God, and love Him only, + And thy breast will ne’er be lonely. + In that One Great Spirit meet + All things mighty, grave, and sweet. + Vainly strives the soul to mingle + With a being of our kind; + Vainly hearts with hearts are twined: + For the deepest still is single. + An impalpable resistance + Holds like natures still at distance. + Mortal: love that Holy One, + Or dwell for aye alone.” + DE VERE + + +_NEW IMPRESSION_ + + +LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. +39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON +NEW YORK AND BOMBAY +1904 + +_All rights reserved_ + + + + + + _To_ + + _HENRY WILLIAM WILBERFORCE._ + +_To you alone, who have known me so long, and who love me so well, could I +venture to offer a trifle like this. But you will recognise the author in +his work, and take pleasure in the recognition._ + + _J. H. N._ + + + + + + ADVERTISEMENT. + + + + +It is hardly necessary to say that the following Tale is a simple fiction +from beginning to end. It has little in it of actual history, and not much +claim to antiquarian research; yet it has required more reading than may +appear at first sight. + +It is an attempt to imagine and express, from a Catholic point of view, +the feelings and mutual relations of Christians and heathens at the period +to which it belongs, and it has been undertaken as the nearest approach +which the Author could make to a more important work suggested to him from +a high ecclesiastical quarter. + +_September 13, 1855._ + + + + + POSTSCRIPTS TO LATER EDITIONS. + + +_February 8, 1856._—Since the volume has been in print, the Author finds +that his name has got abroad. This gives him reason to add, that he wrote +great part of Chapters I., IV., and V., and sketched the character and +fortunes of Juba, in the early spring of 1848. He did no more till the end +of last July, when he suddenly resumed the thread of his tale, and has +been successful so far as this, that he has brought it to an end. + +Without being able to lay his finger upon instances in point, he has some +misgiving lest, from a confusion between ancient histories and modern +travels, there should be inaccuracies, antiquarian or geographical, in +certain of his minor statements, which carry with them authority when they +cease to be anonymous. + + + +_February 2, 1881.—October, 1888._—In a tale such as this, which professes +in the very first sentence of its Advertisement to be simple fiction from +beginning to end, details may be allowably filled up by the writer’s +imagination and coloured by his personal opinions and beliefs, the only +rule binding on him being this—that he has no right to contravene +acknowledged historical facts. Thus it is that Walter Scott exercises a +poet’s licence in drawing his Queen Elizabeth and his Claverhouse, and the +author of “Romola” has no misgivings in even imputing hypothetical motives +and intentions to Savonarola. Who, again, would quarrel with Mr. Lockhart, +writing in Scotland, for excluding Pope, or Bishops, or sacrificial rites +from his interesting Tale of Valerius? + +Such was the understanding, as to what I might do and what I might not, +with which I wrote this story; and to make it clearer, I added in the +later editions of this Advertisement, that it was written “from a Catholic +point of view;” while in the earlier, bearing in mind the interests of +historical truth, and the anachronism which I had ventured on at page 82 +in the date of Arnobius and Lactantius, I said that I had not “admitted +any actual interference with known facts without notice,” questions of +religious controversy, when I said it, not even coming into my thoughts. I +did not consider my Tale to be in any sense controversial, but to be +specially addressed to Catholic readers, and for their edification. + +This being so, it was with no little surprise I found myself lately +accused of want of truth, because I have followed great authorities in +attributing to Christians of the middle of the third century what is +certainly to be found in the fourth,—devotions, representations, and +doctrines, declaratory of the high dignity of the Blessed Virgin. If I had +left out all mention of these, I should have been simply untrue to my idea +and apprehension of Primitive Christianity. To what positive and certain +facts do I run counter in so doing, even granting that I am indulging my +imagination? But I have allowed myself no such indulgence; I gave good +reasons long ago, in my “Letter to Dr. Pusey” (pp. 53–76), for what I +believe on this matter and for what I have in “Callista” described. + + + + + + CONTENTS. + + + CHAP. PAGE + I. SICCA VENERIA 1 + II. CHRISTIANITY IN SICCA 14 + III. AGELLIUS IN HIS COTTAGE 25 + IV. JUBA 30 + V. JUCUNDUS AT SUPPER 39 + VI. GOTHS AND CHRISTIANS 51 + VII. PERSECUTION IN THE OFFING 64 + VIII. THE NEW GENERATION 80 + IX. JUCUNDUS BAITS HIS TRAP 92 + X. THE DIVINE CALLISTA 111 + XI. CALLISTA’S PREACHING, AND WHAT CAME OF IT 122 + XII. A DEATH 135 + XIII. AND RESURRECTION 145 + XIV. A SMALL CLOUD 159 + XV. A VISITATION 168 + XVI. WORSE AND WORSE 178 + XVII. CHRISTIANOS AD LEONES 189 + XVIII. AGELLIUS FLITS 199 + XIX. A PASSAGE OF ARMS 212 + XX. HE SHALL NOT LOSE HIS REWARD 226 + XXI. STARTLING RUMOURS 235 + XXII. JUCUNDUS PROPOUNDS HIS VIEW OF THE SITUATION 239 + XXIII. GURTA 256 + XXIV. A MOTHER’S BLESSING 266 + XXV. CALLISTA IN DURANCE 274 + XXVI. WHAT CAN IT ALL MEAN? 281 + XXVII. AM I A CHRISTIAN? 291 + XXVIII. A SICK CALL 305 + XXIX. CONVERSION 317 + XXX. TORRES VEDRAS 329 + XXXI. THE BAPTISM 343 + XXXII. THE IMPERIAL RESCRIPT 352 + XXXIII. A GOOD CONFESSION 357 + XXXIV. THE MARTYRDOM 366 + XXXV. THE CORPO SANTO 371 + XXXVI. LUX PERPETUA SANCTIS TUIS, DOMINE 377 + + + + + + + CALLISTA; + + + A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY. + + + + + + CHAPTER I. + + + SICCA VENERIA. + + +In no province of the vast Roman empire, as it existed in the middle of +the third century, did Nature wear a richer or a more joyous garb than she +displayed in Proconsular Africa, a territory of which Carthage was the +metropolis, and Sicca might be considered the centre. The latter city, +which was the seat of a Roman colony, lay upon a precipitous or steep +bank, which led up along a chain of hills to a mountainous track in the +direction of the north and east. In striking contrast with this wild and +barren region was the view presented by the west and south, where for many +miles stretched a smiling champaign, exuberantly wooded, and varied with a +thousand hues, till it was terminated at length by the successive tiers of +the Atlas, and the dim and fantastic forms of the Numidian mountains. The +immediate neighbourhood of the city was occupied by gardens, vineyards, +corn-fields, and meadows, crossed or encircled here by noble avenues of +trees or the remains of primeval forests, there by the clustering groves +which wealth and luxury had created. This spacious plain, though level +when compared with the northern heights by which the city was backed, and +the peaks and crags which skirted the southern and western horizon, was +discovered, as light and shadow travelled with the sun, to be diversified +with hill and dale, upland and hollow; while orange gardens, orchards, +olive and palm plantations held their appropriate sites on the slopes or +the bottoms. Through the mass of green, which extended still more thickly +from the west round to the north, might be seen at intervals two solid +causeways tracking their persevering course to the Mediterranean coast, +the one to the ancient rival of Rome, the other to Hippo Regius in +Numidia. Tourists might have complained of the absence of water from the +scene; but the native peasant would have explained to them that the eye +alone had reason to be discontented, and that the thick foliage and the +uneven surface did but conceal what mother earth with no niggard bounty +supplied. The Bagradas, issuing from the spurs of the Atlas, made up in +depth what it wanted in breadth of bed, and ploughed the rich and yielding +mould with its rapid stream, till, after passing Sicca in its way, it fell +into the sea near Carthage. It was but the largest of a multitude of +others, most of them tributaries to it, deepening as much as they +increased it. While channels had been cut from the larger rills for the +irrigation of the open land, brooks, which sprang up in the gravel which +lay against the hills, had been artificially banked with cut stones or +paved with pebbles; and where neither springs nor rivulets were to be +found, wells had been dug, sometimes to the vast depth of as much as 200 +fathoms, with such effect that the spurting column of water had in some +instances drowned the zealous workmen who had been the first to reach it. +And, while such were the resources of less favoured localities or seasons, +profuse rains descended over the whole region for one half of the year, +and the thick summer dews compensated by night for the daily tribute +extorted by an African sun. + +At various distances over the undulating surface, and through the woods, +were seen the villas and the hamlets of that happy land. It was an age +when the pride of architecture had been indulged to the full; edifices, +public and private, mansions and temples, ran off far away from each +market-town or borough, as from a centre, some of stone or marble, but +most of them of that composite of fine earth, rammed tight by means of +frames, for which the Saracens were afterwards famous, and of which +specimens remain to this day, as hard in surface, as sharp at the angles, +as when they first were finished. Every here and there, on hill or crag, +crowned with basilicas and temples, radiant in the sun, might be seen the +cities of the province or of its neighbourhood, Thibursicumber, Thugga, +Laribus, Siguessa, Sufetula, and many others; while in the far distance, +on an elevated table-land under the Atlas, might be discerned the Colonia +Scillitana, famous about fifty years before the date of which we write for +the martyrdom of Speratus and his companions, who were beheaded at the +order of the proconsul for refusing to swear by the genius of Rome and the +emperor. + +If the spectator now takes his stand, not in Sicca itself, but about a +quarter of a mile to the south-east, on the hill or knoll on which was +placed the cottage of Agellius, the city itself will enter into the +picture. Its name, Sicca Veneria, if it be derived (as some suppose) from +the Succoth benoth, or “tents of the daughters,” mentioned by the inspired +writer as an object of pagan worship in Samaria, shows that it owed its +foundation to the Phœnician colonists of the country. At any rate, the +Punic deities retained their hold upon the place; the temples of the +Tyrian Hercules and of Saturn, the scene of annual human sacrifices, were +conspicuous in its outline, though these and all other religious buildings +in it looked small beside the mysterious antique shrine devoted to the +sensual rites of the Syrian Astarte. Public baths and a theatre, a +capitol, imitative of Rome, a gymnasium, the long outline of a portico, an +equestrian statue in brass of the Emperor Severus, were grouped together +above the streets of a city, which, narrow and winding, ran up and down +across the hill. In its centre an extraordinary spring threw up +incessantly several tons of water every minute, and was inclosed by the +superstitious gratitude of the inhabitants with the peristylium of a +sacred place. At the extreme back, towards the north, which could not be +seen from the point of view where we last stationed ourselves, there was a +sheer descent of rock, bestowing on the city, when it was seen at a +distance on the Mediterranean side, the same bold and striking appearance +which attaches to Castro Giovanni, the ancient Enna, in the heart of +Sicily. + +And now, withdrawing our eyes from the panorama, whether in its distant or +nearer objects, if we would at length contemplate the spot itself from +which we have been last surveying it, we shall find almost as much to +repay attention, and to elicit admiration. We stand in the midst of a farm +of some wealthy proprietor, consisting of a number of fields and gardens, +separated from each other by hedges of cactus or the aloe. At the foot of +the hill, which sloped down on the side furthest from Sicca to one of the +tributaries of the rich and turbid river of which we have spoken, a large +yard or garden, intersected with a hundred artificial rills, was devoted +to the cultivation of the beautiful and odoriferous _khennah_. A thick +grove of palms seemed to triumph in the refreshment of the water’s side, +and lifted up their thankful boughs towards heaven. The barley harvest in +the fields which lay higher up the hill was over, or at least was +finishing; and all that remained of the crop was the incessant and +importunate chirping of the _cicadæ_, and the rude booths of reeds and +bulrushes, now left to wither, in which the peasant boys found shelter +from the sun, while in an earlier month they frightened from the grain the +myriads of linnets, goldfinches, and other small birds who, as in other +countries, contested with the human proprietor the possession of it. On +the south-western slope lies a neat and carefully dressed vineyard, the +vine-stakes of which, dwarfish as they are, already cast long shadows on +the eastern side. Slaves are scattered over it, testifying to the +scorching power of the sun by their broad _petasus_, and to its oppressive +heat by the scanty _subligarium_, which reached from the belt or girdle to +the knees. They are engaged in cutting off useless twigs to which the last +showers of spring have given birth, and are twisting those which promise +fruit into positions where they will be safe both from the breeze and from +the sun. Everything gives token of that gracious and happy season which +the great Latin poets have hymned in their beautiful but heathen strains; +when, after the heavy rains, and raw mists, and piercing winds, and fitful +sun-gleams of a long six months, the mighty mother manifests herself anew, +and pours out the resources of her innermost being for the life and +enjoyment of every portion of the vast whole;—or, to apply the lines of a +modern bard— + + “When the bare earth, till now + Desert and bare, unsightly, unadorned, + Brings forth the tender grass, whose verdure clads + Her universal face with pleasant green; + Then herbs of every leaf, that sudden flower, + Opening their various colours, and make gay + Her bosom, swelling sweet; and, these scarce blown, + Forth flourishes the clustering vine, forth creeps + The swelling gourd, up stands the corny reed + Embattled in her fields, and the humble shrub, + And bush with frizzled hair implicit; last + Rise, as in dance, the stately trees, and spread + Their branches hung with copious fruit, or gem + Their blossoms; with high woods the hills are crowned + With tufts the valleys, and each fountain side + With borders long the rivers; that earth now + Seems like to heaven, a seat where gods might dwell, + Or wander with delight, and love to haunt + Her sacred shades.” + +A snatch from some old Greek chant, with something of plaintiveness in the +tone, issues from the thicket just across the mule-path, cut deep in the +earth, which reaches from the city gate to the streamlet; and a youth, who +had the appearance of the assistant bailiff or _procurator_ of the farm, +leaped from it, and went over to the labourers, who were busy with the +vines. His eyes and hair and the cast of his features spoke of Europe; his +manner had something of shyness and reserve, rather than of rusticity; and +he wore a simple red tunic with half sleeves, descending to the knee, and +tightened round him by a belt. His legs and feet were protected by boots +which came half up his calf. He addressed one of the slaves, and his voice +was gentle and cheerful. + +“Ah, Sansar!” he cried, “I don’t like your way of managing these branches +so well as my own; but it is a difficult thing to move an old fellow like +you. You never fasten together the shoots which you don’t cut off, they +are flying about quite wild, and the first ox that passes through the +field next month for the ploughing will break them off.” + +He spoke in Latin; the man understood it, and answered him in the same +language, though with deviations from purity of accent and syntax, not +without parallel in the _talkee-talkee_ of the West Indian negro. + +“Ay, ay, master,” he said, “ay, ay; but it’s all a mistake to use the +plough at all. The fork does the work much better, and no fear for the +grape. I hide the tendril under the leaf against the sun, which is the +only enemy we have to consider.” + +“Ah! but the fork does not raise so much dust as the plough and the heavy +cattle which draw it,” returned Agellius; “and the said dust does more for +the protection of the tendril than the shade of the leaf.” + +“But those huge beasts,” retorted the slave, “turn up great ridges, and +destroy the yard.” + +“It’s no good arguing with an old vinedresser, who had formed his theory +before I was born,” said Agellius good-humouredly; and he passed on into a +garden beyond. + +Here were other indications of the happy month through which the year was +now travelling. The garden, so to call it, was a space of several acres in +extent; it was one large bed of roses, and preparation was making for +extracting their essence, for which various parts of that country are to +this day celebrated. Here was another set of labourers, and a man of +middle age was surveying them at his leisure. His business-like, severe, +and off-hand manner bespoke the _villicus_ or bailiff himself. + +“Always here,” said he, “as if you were a slave, not a Roman, my good +fellow; yet slaves have their Saturnalia; always serving, not worshipping +the all-bounteous and all-blessed. Why are you not taking holiday in the +town?” + +“Why should I, sir?” asked Agellius; “don’t you recollect old Hiempsal’s +saying about ‘one foot in the slipper, and one in the shoe.’ Nothing would +be done well if I were a town-goer. You engaged me, I suppose, to be here, +not there.” + +“Ah!” answered he, “but at this season the empire, the genius of Rome, the +customs of the country, demand it, and above all the great goddess Astarte +and her genial, jocund month. ‘Parturit almus ager;’ you know the verse; +do not be out of tune with Nature, nor clash and jar with the great system +of the universe.” + +A cloud of confusion, or of distress, passed over Agellius’s face. He +seemed as if he wished to speak; at length he merely said, “It’s a fault +on the right side in a servant, I suppose.” + +“I know the way of your people,” Vitricus replied, “Corybantians, +Phrygians, Jews, what do you call yourselves? There are so many fantastic +religions now-a-days. Hang yourself outright at your house-door, if you +are tired of living—and you are a sensible fellow. How can any man, whose +head sits right upon his shoulders, say that life is worth having, and not +worth enjoying?” + +“I am a quiet being,” answered Agellius, “I like the country, which you +think so tame, and care little for the flaunting town. Tastes differ.” + +“Town! you need not go to Sicca,” answered the bailiff, “all Sicca is out +of town. It has poured into the fields, and groves, and river side. Lift +up your eyes, man alive, open your ears, and let pleasure flow in. Be +passive under the sweet breath of the goddess, and she will fill you with +ecstasy.” + +It was as Vitricus had said; the solemn feast-days of Astarte were in +course of celebration; of Astarte, the well-known divinity of Carthage and +its dependent cities, whom Heliogabalus had lately introduced to Rome, who +in her different aspects was at once Urania, Juno, and Aphrodite, +according as she embodied the idea of the philosopher, the statesman, or +the vulgar; lofty and intellectual as Urania, majestic and commanding as +Juno, seductive as the goddess of sensuality and excess. + +“There goes the son of as good and frank a soldier as ever brandished +pilum,” said Vitricus to himself, “till in his last years some infernal +god took umbrage at him, and saddled him and his with one of those absurd +superstitions which are as plentiful here as serpents. He indeed was too +old himself to get much harm from it; but it shows its sour nature in +these young shoots. A good servant, but the plague’s in his bones, and he +will rot.” + +His subordinate’s reflections were of a different character: “The very air +breathes sin to-day,” he cried; “oh that I did not find the taint of the +city in these works of God! Alas! sweet Nature, the child of the Almighty, +is made to do the fiend’s work, and does it better than the town. O ye +beautiful trees and fair flowers, O bright sun and balmy air, what a +bondage ye are in, and how do ye groan till you are redeemed from it! Ye +are bond-slaves, but not willingly, as man is; but how will you ever be +turned to nobler purpose? How is this vast, this solid establishment of +error, the incubus of many thousand years, ever to have an end? You +yourselves, dear ones, will come to nought first. Anyhow, the public way +is no place for me this evening. They’ll soon be back from their accursed +revelry.” + +A sound of horns and voices had been heard from time to time through the +woods, as if proceeding from parties dispersed through them; and in the +growing twilight might be seen lights, glancing and wandering through the +foliage. The cottage in which Agellius dwelt was on the other side of the +hollow bridle-way which crossed the hill. To make for home he had first to +walk some little distance along it; and scarcely had he descended into it +for that purpose, when he found himself in the front of a band of +revellers, who were returning from some scene of impious festivity. They +were arrayed in holiday guise, as far as they studied dress at all; the +symbols of idolatry were on their foreheads and arms; some of them were +intoxicated, and most of them were women. + +“Why have you not been worshipping, young fellow?” said one. + +“Comely built,” said another, “but struck by the furies. I know the cut of +him.” + +“By Astarte,” said a third, “he’s one of those sly Gnostics! I have seen +the chap before, with his hangdog look. He is one of Pluto’s whelps, first +cousin to Cerberus, and his name’s Channibal.” + +On which they all began to shout out, “I say, Channibal, Channibal, here’s +a lad that knows you. Old fellow, come along with us;” and the speaker +made a dash at him. + +On this Agellius, who was slowly making his way past them on the broken +and steep path, leapt up in two or three steps to the ridge, and went away +in security; when one woman cried out, “O the toad, I know him now; he is +a wizard; he eats little children; didn’t you see him make that sign? it’s +a charm. My sister did it; the fool left me to be one of them. She was +ever doing so” (mimicking the sign of the cross). “He’s a Christian, +blight him! he’ll turn us into beasts.” + +“Cerberus, bite him!” said another, “he sucks blood;” and taking up a +stone, she made it whiz past his ear as he disappeared from view. A +general scream of contempt and hatred followed. “Where’s the ass’s head? +put out the lights, put out the lights! gibbet him! that’s why he has not +been with honest people down in the vale.” And then they struck up a +blasphemous song, the sentiments of which we are not going even to +conceive, much less to attempt in words. + + + + + + CHAPTER II. + + + CHRISTIANITY IN SICCA. + + +The revellers went on their way; Agellius went on his, and made for his +lowly and lonely cottage. He was the elder of the two sons of a Roman +legionary of the Secunda Italica, who had settled with them in Sicca, +where he lost their mother, and died, having in his old age become a +Christian. The fortitude of some confessors at Carthage in the persecution +of Severus had been the initial cause of his conversion. He had been +posted as one of their guards, and had attended them to the scene of their +martyrdom, in addition to the civil force, to whom in the proconsulate the +administration of the law was committed. Therefore, happily for him, it +could not fall to his duty to be their executioner, a function which, +however revolting to his feelings, he might not have had courage to +decline. He remained a pagan, though he could not shake off the impression +which the martyrs had made upon him; and, after completing his time of +service, he retired to the protection of some great friends in Sicca, his +brother’s home already. Here he took a second wife of the old Numidian +stock, and supported himself by the produce of a small piece of land which +had been given to him for life by the imperial government. If trial were +necessary in order to keep alive the good seed which had been sown in his +heart, he found a never-failing supply of that article in the companion of +his declining years. In the hey-day of her youth she might have been +fitted to throw a sort of sunshine, or rather torchlight, on a military +carouse; but now, when poor Strabo, a man well to do in the world, looking +for peace, had fallen under her arts, he found he had surrendered his +freedom to a malignant, profligate woman, whose passions made her better +company for evil spirits than for an invalided soldier. Indeed, as time +went on, the popular belief, which she rather encouraged, went to the +extent that she actually did hold an intercourse with the unseen world; +and certainly she matured in a hatred towards God and man, which would +naturally follow, and not unnaturally betoken, such intercourse. The more, +then, she inflicted on him her proficiency in these amiable +characteristics, the more he looked out for some consolation elsewhere; +and the more she involved herself in the guilt or the repute of unlawful +arts, the more was he drawn to that religion, where alone to commune with +the invisible is to hold intercourse with heaven, not with hell. Whether +so great a trial supplied a more human inducement for looking towards +Christianity, it is impossible to say. Most men, certainly Roman soldiers, +may be considered to act on mixed motives; but so it was in fact, that, on +his becoming in his last years a Christian, he found, perhaps discovered, +to his great satisfaction, that the Church did not oblige him to continue +or renew a tie which bound him to so much misery, and that he might end +his days in a tranquillity which his past life required, and his wife’s +presence would have precluded. He made a good end; he had been allowed to +take the blessed sacrament from the altar to his own home on the last time +he had been able to attend a _synaxis_ of the faithful, and thus had +communicated at least six months within his decease; and the priest who +anointed him at the beginning of his last illness also took his +confession. He died, begging forgiveness of all whom he had injured, and +giving large alms to the poor. This was about the year 236, in the midst +of that long peace of the Church, which was broken at length by the Decian +persecution. + +This peace of well-nigh fifty years had necessarily a peculiar, and not a +happy effect upon the Christians of the proconsulate. They multiplied in +the greater and the maritime cities, and made their way into positions of +importance, whether in trade or the governmental departments; they +extended their family connections, and were on good terms with the +heathen. Whatever jealousy might be still cherished against the Christian +name, nevertheless, individual Christians were treated with civility, and +recognised as citizens; though among the populace there would be +occasions, at the time of the more solemn pagan feasts, when accidental +outbursts might be expected of the antipathy latent in the community, as +we have been recording in the foregoing chapter. Men of sense, however, +began to understand them better, and to be more just to the reasonableness +of their faith. This would lead them to scorn Christianity less, but it +would lead them to fear it more. It was no longer a matter merely for the +populace to insult, but for government deliberately to put down. The +prevailing and still growing unbelief among the lower classes of the +population did but make a religion more formidable, which, as heathen +statesmen felt, was able to wield the weapons of enthusiasm and zeal with +a force and success unknown even to the most fortunate impostors among the +Oriental or Egyptian hierophants. The philosophical schools were impressed +with similar apprehensions, and had now for fifty years been employed in +creating and systematising a new intellectual basis for the received +paganism. + +But, while the signs of the times led to the anticipation that a struggle +was impending between the heads of the state religion and of the new +worship which was taking its place, the great body of Christians, laymen +and ecclesiastics, were on better and better terms, individually, with the +members of society, or what is now called the public; and without losing +their faith or those embers of charity which favourable circumstances +would promptly rekindle, were, it must be confessed, in a state of +considerable relaxation; they often were on the brink of deplorable sins, +and sometimes fell over the brink. And many would join the Church on +inferior motives as soon as no great temporal disadvantage attached to the +act; or the families of Christian parents might grow up with so little of +moral or religious education as to make it difficult to say why they +called themselves members of a divine religion. Mixed marriages would +increase both the scandal and the confusion. + +“A long repose,” says St. Cyprian, speaking of this very period, “had +corrupted the discipline which had come down to us. Every one was applying +himself to the increase of wealth; and, forgetting both the conduct of the +faithful under the Apostles, and what ought to be their conduct in every +age, with insatiable eagerness for gain devoted himself to the multiplying +of possessions. The priests were wanting in religious devotedness, the +ministers in entireness of faith; there was no mercy in works, no +discipline in manners. Men wore their beards disfigured, and woman dyed +their faces. Their eyes were changed from what God made them, and a lying +colour was passed upon the hair. The hearts of the simple were misled by +treacherous artifices, and brethren became entangled in seductive snares. +Ties of marriage were formed with unbelievers; members of Christ abandoned +to the heathen. Not only rash swearing was heard, but even false; persons +in high place were swollen with contemptuousness; poisoned reproaches fell +from their mouths, and men were sundered by unabating quarrels. Numerous +bishops, who ought to be an encouragement and example to others, despising +their sacred calling, engaged themselves in secular vocations, +relinquished their sees, deserted their people, strayed among foreign +provinces, hunted the markets for mercantile profits, and tried to amass +large sums of money, while they had brethren starving within the Church; +took possession of estates by fraudulent proceedings, and multiplied their +gains by accumulated usuries.”(1) + +The relaxation which would extend the profession of Christianity in the +larger cities would contract or extinguish it in remote or country places. +There would be little zeal to keep up Churches, which could not be served +without an effort or without secular loss. Carthage, Utica, Hippo, +Milevis, or Curubis, was a more attractive residence than the towns with +uncouth African names, which amaze the ecclesiastical student in the Acts +of the Councils. Vocations became scarce; sees remained vacant; +congregations died out. This was pretty much the case with the Church and +see of Sicca. At the time of which we write, history preserves no record +of any bishop as exercising his pastoral functions in that city. In matter +of fact there was none. The last bishop, an amiable old man, had in the +course of years acquired a considerable extent of arable land, and +employed himself principally, for lack of more spiritual occupation, in +reaping, stacking, selling, and sending off his wheat for the Roman +market. His deacon had been celebrated in early youth for his boldness in +the chase, and took part in the capture of lions and panthers (an act of +charity towards the peasants round Sicca) for the Roman amphitheatre. No +priests were to be found, and the bishop became _parochus_ till his death. +Afterwards infants and catechumens lost baptism; parents lost faith, or at +least love; wanderers lost repentance and conversion. For a while there +was a flourishing meeting-house of Tertullianists, who had scared more +humble minds by pronouncing the eternal perdition of every Catholic; there +had also been various descriptions of Gnostics, who had carried off the +clever youths and restless speculators; and then there had been the lapse +of time, gradually consuming the generation which had survived the +flourishing old days of the African Church. And the result was, that in +the year 250 it was difficult to say of whom the Church of Sicca +consisted. There was no bishop, no priest, no deacon. There was the old +_mansionarius_ or sacristan; there were two or three pious women, married +or single, who owed their religion to good mothers; there were some slaves +who kept to their faith, no one knew how or why; there were a vast many +persons who ought to be Catholics, but were heretics, or nothing at all, +or all but pagans, and sure to become pagans on the asking; there were +Agellius and his brother Juba, and how far these two had a claim to the +Christian name we now proceed to explain. + +They were about the ages of seven and eight when their father died, and +they fell under the guardianship of their uncle, whose residence at Sicca +had been one of the reasons which determined Strabo to settle there. This +man, being possessed of some capital, drove a thriving trade in idols, +large and small, amulets, and the like instruments of the established +superstition. His father had come to Carthage in the service of one of the +assessors of the proconsul of the day; and his son, finding competition +ran too high to give him prospect of remuneration in the metropolis, had +opened his statue-shop in Sicca. Those modern arts which enable an English +town in this day to be so fertile in the production of ware of this +description for the markets of the pagan East, were then unknown; and +Jucundus depended on certain artists whom he imported, especially on two +Greeks, brother and sister, who came from some isle on the Asian coast, +for the supply of his trade. He was a good-natured man, self-indulgent, +positive, and warmly attached to the reigning paganism, both as being the +law of the land and the vital principle of the state; and, while he was +really kind to his orphan nephews, he simply abominated, as in duty bound, +the idiotic cant and impudent fee-fa-fum, to which, in his infallible +judgment, poor old Strabo had betrayed his children. He would have +restored them, you may be quite sure, to their country and to their +country’s gods, had they acquiesced in the restoration: but in different +ways these little chaps, and he shook his head as he said it, were +difficult to deal with. Agellius had a very positive opinion of his own on +the matter; and as for Juba, though he had no opinion at all, yet he had +an equally positive aversion to have thrust on him by another any opinion +at all, even in favour of paganism. He had remained in his catechumen +state since he grew up, because he found himself in it; and though nothing +would make him go forward in his profession of Christianity, no earthly +power would be able to make him go back. So there he was, like a mule, +struck fast in the door of the Church, and feeling a gratification in his +independence of mind. However, whatever his profession might be, still, as +time went on, he plainly took after his step-mother, renewed his +intercourse with her after his father’s death, and at length went so far +as to avow that he believed in nothing but the devil, if even he believed +in him. It was scarcely safe, however, to affirm that the senses of this +hopeful lad were his own. + +Agellius, on the other hand, when a boy of six years old, had insisted on +receiving baptism; had perplexed his father by a manifestation of zeal to +which the old man was a stranger; and had made the good bishop lose the +corn-fleet which was starting for Italy from his importunity to learn the +Catechism. Baptized he was, confirmed, communicated; but a boy’s nature is +variable, and by the time Agellius had reached adolescence, the gracious +impulses of his childhood had in some measure faded away, though he still +retained his faith in its first keenness and vigour. But he had no one to +keep him up to his duty; no exhortations, no example, no sympathy. His +father’s friends had taken him up so far as this, that by an extraordinary +favour they had got him a lease for some years of the property which +Strabo, a veteran soldier, had held of the imperial government. The care +of this small property fell upon him, and another and more serious charge +was added to it. The long prosperity of the province had increased the +opulence and enlarged the upper class of Sicca. Officials, contractors, +and servants of the government had made fortunes, and raised villas in the +neighbourhood of the city. Natives of the place, returning from Rome, or +from provincial service elsewhere, had invested their gains in long leases +of state lands, or of the farms belonging to the imperial _res privata_ or +privy purse, and had become virtual proprietors of the rich fields or +beautiful gardens in which they had played as children. One of such +persons, who had had a place in the _officium_ of the quæstor, or rather +procurator, as he began to be called, was the employer of Agellius. His +property adjoined the cottage of the latter; and, having first employed +the youth from recollection of his father, he confided to him the place of +under-bailiff from the talents he showed for farm-business. + +Such was his position at the early age of twenty-two; but honourable as it +was in itself, and from the mode in which it was obtained, no one would +consider it adapted, under the circumstances, to counteract the religious +languor and coldness which had grown upon him. And in truth he did not +know where he stood further than that he was firm in faith, as we have +said, and had shrunk from a boy upwards, from the vice and immorality +which was the very atmosphere of Sicca. He might any day be betrayed into +some fatal inconsistency, which would either lead him into sin, or oblige +him abruptly to retrace his steps, and find a truer and safer position. He +was not generally known to be a Christian, at least for certain, though he +was seen to keep clear of the established religion. It was not that he +hid, so much as that the world did not care to know, what he believed. In +that day there were many rites and worships which kept to themselves—many +forms of moroseness or misanthropy, as they were considered, which +withdrew their votaries from the public ceremonial. The Catholic faith +seemed to the multitude to be one of these; it was only in critical times, +when some idolatrous act was insisted on by the magistrate, that the +specific nature of Christianity was tested and detected. Then at length it +was seen to differ from all other religious varieties by that irrational +and disgusting obstinacy, as it was felt to be, which had rather suffer +torments and lose life than submit to some graceful, or touching, or at +least trifling observance which the tradition of ages had sanctioned. + + + + + + CHAPTER III. + + + AGELLIUS IN HIS COTTAGE. + + +The cottage for which Agellius was making, when last we had sight of him, +was a small brick house consisting of one room, with a loft over it, and a +kitchen on the side, not very unlike that holy habitation which once +contained the Eternal Word in human form with His Virgin Mother, and +Joseph, their guardian. It was situated on the declivity of the hill, and, +unlike the gardens of Italy, the space before it was ornamented with a +plot of turf. A noble palm on one side, in spite of its distance from the +water, and a group of orange-trees on the other, formed a foreground to +the rich landscape which was described in our opening chapter. The borders +and beds were gay with the lily, the bacchar, amber-coloured and purple, +the golden abrotomus, the red chelidonium, and the variegated iris. +Against the wall of the house were trained pomegranates, with their +crimson blossoms, the star-like pothos or jessamine, and the symbolical +passionflower, which well became a Christian dwelling. + +And it was an intimation of what would be found within; for on one side of +the room was rudely painted a red cross, with doves about it, as is found +in early Christian shrines to this day. So long had been the peace of the +Church, that the tradition of persecution seemed to have been lost; and +Christians allowed themselves in the profession of their faith at home, +cautious as they might be in public places; as freely as now in England, +where we do not scruple to raise crucifixes within our churches and +houses, though we shrink from doing so within sight of the hundred cabs +and omnibuses which rattle past them. Under the cross were two or three +pictures, or rather sketches. In the centre stood the Blessed Virgin with +hands spread out in prayer, attended by the holy Apostles Peter and Paul +on her right and left. Under this representation was rudely scratched upon +the wall the word, “Advocata,” a title which the earliest antiquity +bestows upon her. On a small shelf was placed a case with two or three +rolls or sheets of parchment in it. The appearance of them spoke of use +indeed, but of reverential treatment. These were the Psalms, the Gospel +according to St. Luke, and St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, in the old +Latin version. The Gospel was handsomely covered, and ornamented with +gold. + +The apartment was otherwise furnished with such implements and materials +as might be expected in the cottage of a countryman: one or two stools and +benches for sitting, a table, and in one corner a heap of dried leaves and +rushes, with a large crimson coverlet, for rest at night. Elsewhere were +two millstones fixed in a frame, with a handle attached to the rim of one +of them, for grinding corn. Then again, garden tools; boxes of seeds; a +vessel containing syrup for assuaging the sting of the scorpion; the +_asir-rese_ or _anagallis_, a potent medicine of the class of poisons, +which was taken in wine for the same mischance. It hung from the beams, +with a large bunch of _atsirtiphua_, a sort of camomile, smaller in the +flower and more fragrant than our own, which was used as a febrifuge. +Thence, too, hung a plentiful gathering of dried grapes, of the kind +called _duracinæ_; and near the door a bough of the green _bargut_ or +_psyllium_, to drive away the smaller insects. + +Poor Agellius felt the contrast between the ungodly turmoil from which he +had escaped, and the deep stillness into which he now had entered; but +neither satisfied him quite. There was no repose out of doors, and no +relief within. He was lonely at home, lonely in the crowd. He needed the +sympathy of his kind; hearts which might beat with his heart; friends with +whom he might share his joys and griefs; advisers whom he might consult; +minds like his own, who would understand him—minds unlike his own, who +would succour and respond to him. A very great trial certainly this, in +which the soul is flung back upon itself; and that especially in the case +of the young, for whom memory and experience do so little, and wayward and +excited feelings do so much. Great gain had it been for Agellius, even in +its natural effect, putting aside higher benefits, to have been able to +recur to sacramental confession; but to confession he had never been, +though once or twice he had attended the public _homologesis_ of the +Church. Shall we wonder that the poor youth began to be despondent and +impatient under his trial? Shall we not feel for him, though we may be +sorry for him, should it turn out that he was looking restlessly into +every corner of the small world of acquaintance in which his lot lay, for +those with whom he could converse easily, and interchange speculation, +argument, aspiration, and affection? + +“No one cares for me,” he said, as he sat down on his rustic bench. “I am +nothing to any one; I am a hermit, like Elias or John, without the call to +be one. Yet even Elias felt the burden of being one against many; even +John asked at length in expostulation, ‘Art Thou He that shall come?’ Am I +for ever to have the knowledge, without the consolation, of the truth? am +I for ever to belong to a great divine society, yet never see the face of +any of its members?” + +He paused in his thoughts, as if drinking in the full taste and measure of +his unhappiness. And then his reflections took a turn, and he said, +suddenly, “Why do I not leave Sicca? What binds me to my father’s farm? I +am young, and my interest in it will soon expire. What keeps me from +Carthage, Hippo, Cirtha, where Christians are so many?” But here he +stopped as suddenly as he had begun; and a strange feeling, half pang, +half thrill, went through his heart. And he felt unwilling to pursue his +thought, or to answer the question which he had asked; and he settled into +a dull, stagnant condition of mind, in which he seemed hardly to think at +all. + +Be of good cheer, solitary one, though thou art not a hero yet! There is +One that cares for thee, and loves thee, more than thou canst feel, love, +or care for thyself. Cast all thy care upon Him. He sees thee, and is +watching thee; He is hanging over thee, and smiles in compassion at thy +troubles. His angel, who is thine, is whispering good thoughts to thee. He +knows thy weakness; He foresees thy errors; but He holds thee by thy right +hand, and thou shalt not, canst not escape Him. By thy faith, which thou +hast so simply, resolutely retained in the midst of idolatry; by thy +purity, which, like some fair flower, thou hast cherished in the midst of +pollution, He will remember thee in thy evil hour, and thine enemy shall +not prevail against thee! + +What means that smile upon Agellius’s face? It is the response of the +child to the loving parent. He knows not why, but the cloud is past. He +signs himself with the holy cross, and sweet reviving thoughts enliven +him. He names the sacred Name, and it is like ointment poured out upon his +soul. He rises; he kneels down under the dread symbol of his salvation; +and he begins his evening prayer. + + + + + + CHAPTER IV. + + + JUBA. + + +There was more of heart, less of effort, less of mechanical habit, in +Agellius’s prayers that night, than there had been for a long while +before. He got up, struck a light, and communicated it to his small +earthen lamp. Its pale rays feebly searched the room and discovered at the +other end of it Juba, who had silently opened the door, and sat down near +it, while his brother was employed upon his devotions. The countenance of +the latter fell, for he was not to go to sleep with the resignation and +peace which had just before been poured into his breast. Yet why should he +complain? we receive consolation in this world for the very purpose of +preparing us against trouble to come. Juba was a tall, swarthy, +wild-looking youth. He was holding his head on one side as he sat, and his +face towards the roof; he nodded obliquely, arched his eyebrows, pursed up +his lips, and crossed his arms, while he gave utterance to a strange, +half-whispered laugh. + +“He, he, he!” he cried; “so you are on your knees, Agellius.” + +“Why shouldn’t I be at this hour,” answered Agellius, “and before I go to +bed?” + +“O, every one to his taste, of course,” said Juba; “but to an unprejudiced +mind there is something unworthy in the act.” + +“Why, Juba?” said his brother somewhat sharply; “don’t you profess any +religion at all?” + +“Perhaps I do, and perhaps I don’t,” answered Juba; “but never shall it be +a bowing and scraping, crawling and cringing religion. You may take your +oath of that.” + +“What ails you to come here at this time of night?” asked Agellius; “who +asked for your company?” + +“I will come just when I please,” said the other, “and go when I please. I +won’t give an account of my actions to any one, God or man, devil or +priest, much less to you. What right have you to ask me?” + +“Then,” said Agellius, “you’ll never get peace or comfort as long as you +live, that I can tell you, let alone the life to come.” + +Juba kept silent for awhile, and bit his nails with a smile on his face, +and his eyes looking askance upon the ground. “I want no more than I have; +I am well content,” he said. + +“Contented with yourself,” retorted Agellius. + +“Of course,” Juba replied; “whom ought one to wish rather to content?” + +“I suppose, your Creator.” + +“Creator,” answered Juba, tossing back his head with an air of +superiority; “Creator;—that, I consider, is an assumption.” + +“O, my dear brother,” cried Agellius, “don’t go on in that dreadful way!” + +“ ‘Go on!’ who began? Is one man to lay down the law, and not the other +too? Is it so generally received, this belief of a Creator? Who have +brought in the belief? The Christians. ’Tis the Christians that began it. +The world went on very well without it before their rise. And now, who +began the dispute but you?” + +“Well, if I did,” answered Agellius; “but I didn’t. You began in coming +here; what in the world are you come for? by what right do you disturb me +at this hour?” + +There was no appearance of anger in Juba; he seemed as free from feeling +of every kind, from what is called _heart_, as if he had been a stone. In +answer to his brother’s question, he quietly said, “I have been down +there,” pointing in the direction of the woods. + +An expression of sharp anguish passed over his brother’s face, and for a +moment he was silent. At length he said, “You don’t mean to say you have +been down to poor mother?” + +“I do,” said Juba. + +There was again a silence for a little while; then Agellius renewed the +conversation. “You have fallen off sadly, Juba, in the course of the last +several years.” + +Juba tossed his head, and crossed his legs. + +“At one time I thought you would have been baptized,” his brother +continued. + +“That was my weakness,” answered Juba; “it was a weak moment: it was just +after the old bishop’s death. He had been kind to me as a child; and he +said some womanish words to me, and it was excusable in me.” + +“Oh that you had yielded to your wish!” cried Agellius. + +Juba looked superior. “The fit passed,” he said. “I have come to a juster +view of things. It is not every one who has the strength of mind. I +consider that a logical head comes to a very different conclusion;” and he +began wagging his own, to the right and left, as if it were coming to a +great many. + +“Well,” said Agellius, gaping, and desiring at least to come to a +conclusion of the altercation, “what brings you here so late?” + +“I was on my way to Jucundus,” he answered, “and have been delayed by the +Succoth-benoth in the grove across the river.” + +Here they were thrown back upon their controversy. Agellius turned quite +white. “My poor fellow,” he said, “what were you there for?” + +“To see the world,” answered Juba; “it’s unmanly not to see it. Why +shouldn’t I see it? It was good fun. I despise them all, fools and idiots. +There they were, scampering about, or lying like hogs, all in liquor. Apes +and swine! However, I will do as others do, if I please. I will be as +drunk as they, when I see good. I am my own master, and it would be no +kind of harm.” + +“No harm! why, is it no harm to become an ape or a hog?” + +“You don’t take just views of human nature,” answered Juba, with a +self-satisfied air. “Our first duty is to seek our own happiness. If a man +thinks it happier to be a hog, why, let him be a hog,” and he laughed. +“This is where you are narrow-minded. I shall seek my own happiness, and +try this way, if I please.” + +“Happiness!” cried Agellius; “where have you been picking up all this +stuff? Can you call such detestable filth happiness?” + +“What do you know about such matters?” asked Juba. “Did you ever see them? +Did you ever try them? You would be twice the man you are if you had. You +will not be a man till you do. You are carried off your legs in your own +way. I’d rather get drunk every day than fall down on all fours as you do, +crawling on your stomach like a worm, and whining like a hound that has +been beaten.” + +“Now, as I live, you shan’t stop here one instant longer!” cried out +Agellius, starting up. “Be off with you! get away! what do you come here +to blaspheme for? who wants you? who asked for you? Go! go, I say! take +yourself off! Why don’t you go? Keep your ribaldry for others.” + +“I am as good as you any day,” said Juba. + +“I don’t set myself up,” answered Agellius, “but it’s impossible to +confound Christian and unbeliever as you do.” + +“Christian and unbeliever!” said Juba, slowly. “I suppose, when they are +a-courting each other, they _are_ confounded.” He looked hard at Agellius, +as if he thought he had hit a blot. Then he continued, “If I _were_ a +Christian, I’d be so in earnest: else I’d be an honest heathen.” + +Agellius coloured somewhat, and sat down, as if under embarrassment. + +“I despise you,” said Juba; “you have not the pluck to be a Christian. Be +consistent, and fizz upon a stake; but you’re not made of that stuff. +You’re even afraid of uncle. Nay, you can be caught by those painted +wares, about which, when it suits your purpose, you can be so grave. I +despise you,” he continued, “I despise you, and the whole kit of you. +What’s the difference between you and another? Your people say, ‘Earth’s a +vanity, life’s a dream, riches a deceit, pleasure a snare. Fratres +charissimi, the time is short;’ but who love earth and life and riches and +pleasure better than they? You are all of you as fond of the world, as set +upon gain, as chary of reputation, as ambitious of power, as the jolly old +heathen, who, you say, is going the way of the pit.” + +“It is one thing to have a conscience,” answered Agellius; “another thing +to act upon it. The conscience of these poor people is darkened. You had a +conscience once.” + +“Conscience, conscience,” said Juba. “Yes, certainly, once I had a +conscience. Yes, and once I had a bad chill, and went about chattering and +shivering; and once I had a game leg, and then I went limping; and so, you +see, I once on a time had a conscience. O yes, I have had many consciences +before now—white, black, yellow, and green; they were all bad; but they +are all gone, and now I have none.” + +Agellius said nothing; his one wish, as may be supposed, was to get rid of +so unwelcome a visitor. + +“The truth is,” continued Juba, with the air of a teacher—“the truth is, +that religion was a fashion with me, which is now gone by. It was the +complexion of a particular stage of my life. I was neither the better nor +the worse for it. It was an accident, like the bloom on my face, which +soon,” he said, spreading his fingers over his dirty-coloured cheeks, and +stroking them, “which soon will disappear. I acted according to the +feeling, while it lasted; but I can no more recall it than my first teeth, +or the down on my chin. It’s among the things that were.” + +Agellius still keeping silence from weariness and disgust, he looked at +him in a significant way, and said, slowly, “I see how it is; I have +penetration enough to perceive that you don’t believe a bit more about +religion than I do.” + +“You must not say that under my roof,” cried Agellius, feeling he must not +let his brother’s charge pass without a protest. “Many are my sins, but +unbelief is not one of them.” + +Juba tossed his head. “I think I can see through a stone slab as well as +any one,” he said. “It is as I have said; but you’re too proud to confess +it. It’s part of your hypocrisy.” + +“Well,” said Agellius coldly, “let’s have done. It’s getting late, Juba; +you’ll be missed at home. Jucundus will be inquiring for you, and some of +those revelling friends of yours may do you a mischief by the way. Why, my +good fellow,” he continued, in surprise, “you have no leggings. The +scorpions will catch hold of you to a certainty in the dark. Come, let me +tie some straw wisps about you.” + +“No fear of scorpions for me,” answered Juba; “I have some real good +amulets for the occasion, which even _boola-kog_ and _uffah_ will +respect.” + +Saying this, he passed out of the room as unceremoniously as he had +entered it, and took the direction of the city, talking to himself, and +singing snatches of wild airs as he went along, throwing back and shaking +his head, and now and then uttering a sharp internal laugh. Disdaining to +follow the ordinary path, he dived down into the thick and wet grass, and +scrambled through the ravine, which the public road crossed before it +ascended the hill. Meanwhile he accompanied his quickened pace with a +louder strain, and it ran as follows:— + + “The little black Moor is the mate for me, + When the night is dark, and the earth is free, + Under the limbs of the broad yew-tree. + + “’Twas Father Cham that planted that yew, + And he fed it fat with the bloody dew + Of a score of brats, as his lineage grew. + + “Footing and flaunting it, all in the night, + Each lock flings fire, each heel strikes light; + No lamps need they, whose breath is bright.” + +Here he was interrupted by a sudden growl, which sounded almost under his +feet, and some wild animal was seen to slink away. Juba showed no +surprise; he had taken out a small metal idol, and whispering some words +to it, had presented it to the animal. He clambered up the bank, gained +the city gate, and made his way for his uncle’s dwelling, which was near +the temple of Astarte. + + + + + + CHAPTER V. + + + JUCUNDUS AT SUPPER. + + +The house of Jucundus was closed for the night when Juba reached it, or +you would see, were you his companion, that it was one of the most showy +shops in Sicca. It was the image-store of the place, and set out for sale, +not articles of statuary alone, but of metal, of mosaic work, and of +jewellery, as far as they were dedicated to the service of paganism. It +was bright with the many colours adopted in the embellishment of images, +and the many lights which silver and gold, brass and ivory, alabaster, +gypsum, talc, and glass reflected. Shelves and cabinets were laden with +wares; both the precious material, and the elaborated trinket. All tastes +were suited, the popular and the refined, the fashion of the day and the +love of the antique, the classical and the barbarian devotion. There you +might see the rude symbols of invisible powers, which, originating in +deficiency of art, had been perpetuated by reverence for the past: the +mysterious cube of marble sacred among the Arabs, the pillar which was the +emblem of Mercury or Bacchus, the broad-based cone of Heliogabalus, the +pyramid of Paphos, and the tile or brick of Juno. + +There, too, were the unmeaning blocks of stone with human heads, which +were to be dressed out in rich robes, and to simulate the human form. +There were other articles besides, as portable as these were unmanageable: +little Junos, Mercuries, Dianas, and Fortunas, for the bosom or the +girdle. Household gods were there, and the objects of personal devotion: +Minerva or Vesta, with handsome niches or shrines in which they might +reside. There, too, were the brass crowns, or _nimbi_ which were intended +to protect the heads of the gods from bats and birds. There you might buy, +were you a heathen, rings with heads on them of Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, +Serapis, and above all Astarte. You would find there the rings and signets +of the Basilidians; amulets too of wood or ivory: figures of demons, +preternaturally ugly; little skeletons, and other superstitious devices. +It would be hard, indeed, if you could not be pleased, whatever your +religious denomination—unless indeed you were determined to reject all the +appliances and objects of idolatry indiscriminately—and in that case you +would rejoice that it was night when you arrived there, and, in +particular, that darkness swallowed up other appliances and objects of +pagan worship, which to darkness were due by a particular title, and by +darkness were best shrouded, till the coming of that day when all things, +good and evil, shall be made light. + +The shop, as we have said, was closed, concealed from view by large +lumbering shutters, and made secure by heavy bars of wood. So we must +enter by the passage or vestibule on the right side, and that will conduct +us into a modest _atrium_, with an _impluvium_ on one side, and on the +other the _triclinium_ or supper-room, backing the shop. Jucundus had been +pleasantly engaged in a small supper-party; and, mindful that a +_symposium_ should lie within the number of the Graces and of the Muses, +he had confined his guests to two, the young Greek Aristo, who was one of +his principal artists, and Cornelius the son of a freedman of a Roman of +distinction, who had lately got a place in one of the _scrinia_ of the +proconsular _officium_, and had migrated into the province from the +imperial city where he had spent his best days. + +The dinner had not been altogether suitable to modern ideas of good +living. The grapes from Tacape, and the dates from the lake Tritonis, the +white and black figs, the nectarines and peaches, and the watermelons, +address themselves to the imagination of an Englishman, as well as of an +African of the third century. So also might the liquor derived from the +sap or honey of the Getulian palm, and the sweet wine, called _melilotus_, +made from the poetical fruit found upon the coast of the Syrtis. He would +have been struck, too, with the sweetness of the mutton; but he would have +asked what the sheep’s tails were before he tasted them, and found how +like marrow the firm substance ate of which they consisted. He would have +felt he ought to admire the roes of mullets, pressed and dried, from +Mauritania; but he would have thought twice before he tried the lion +cutlets though they had the flavour of veal, and the additional _goût_ of +being imperial property, and poached from a preserve. But when he saw the +indigenous dish, the very haggis and cock-a-leekie of Africa, in the shape +of—(alas! alas! it _must_ be said, with whatever apology for its +introduction)—in shape, then, of a delicate puppy, served up with +tomatoes, with its head between its fore-paws, we consider he would have +risen from the unholy table, and thought he had fallen upon the +hospitality of some sorceress of the neighbouring forest. However, to that +festive board our Briton was not invited, for he had some previous +engagement that evening, either of painting himself with woad, or of +hiding himself to the chin in the fens; so that nothing occurred to +disturb the harmony of the party, and the good humour and easy +conversation which was the effect of such excellent cheer. + +Cornelius had been present at the Secular Games in the foregoing year, and +was full of them, of Rome, and of himself in connection with it, as became +so genuine a cockney of the imperial period. He was full of the high +patriotic thoughts which so solemn a celebration had kindled within him. +“O great Rome!” he said, “thou art first, and there is no second. In that +wonderful pageant which these eyes saw last year was embodied her majesty, +was promised her eternity. We die, she lives. I say, _let_ a man die. It’s +well for him to take hemlock, or open a vein, after having seen the +Secular Games. What was there to live for? I felt it; life was gone; its +best gifts flat and insipid after that great day. Excellent—Tauromenian, I +suppose? We know it in Rome. Fill up my cup. I drink to the genius of the +emperor.” + +He was full of his subject, and soon resumed it. “Fancy the Campus Martius +lighted up from one end to the other. It was the finest thing in the +world. A large plain, covered, not with streets, not with woods, but +broken and crossed with superb buildings in the midst of groves, avenues +of trees, and green grass, down to the water’s edge. There’s nothing that +isn’t there. Do you want the grandest temples in the world, the most +spacious porticoes, the longest racecourses? there they are. Do you want +_gymnasia_? there they are. Do you want arches, statues, obelisks? you +find them there. There you have at one end the stupendous mausoleum of +Augustus, cased with white marble, and just across the river the huge +towering mound of Hadrian. At the other end you have the noble Pantheon of +Agrippa, with its splendid Syracusan columns, and its dome glittering with +silver tiles. Hard by are the baths of Alexander, with their beautiful +groves. Ah! my good friend! I shall have no time to drink if I go on. +Beyond are the numerous chapels and fanes which fringe the base of the +Capitoline hill; the tall column of Antoninus comes next, with its +adjacent basilica, where is kept the authentic list of the provinces of +the empire, and of the governors, each a king in power and dominion, who +are sent out to them. Well, I am now only beginning. Fancy, I say, this +magnificent region all lighted up; every temple to and fro, every bath, +every grove, gleaming with innumerable lamps and torches. No, not even the +gods of Olympus have anything that comes near it. Rome is the greatest of +all divinities. In the dead of night all was alive; then it was, when +nature sleeps exhausted, Rome began the solemn sacrifices to commemorate +her thousand years. On the banks of the Tiber, which had seen Æneas land, +and Romulus ascend to the gods, the clear red flame shot up as the victims +burned. The music of ten thousand horns and flutes burst forth, and the +sacred dances began upon the greensward. I am too old to dance; but, I +protest, even I stood up and threw off. We danced through three nights, +dancing the old millenary out, dancing the new millenary in. We were all +Romans, no strangers, no slaves. It was a solemn family feast, the feast +of all the Romans.” + +“Then we came in for the feast,” said Aristo; “for Caracalla gave Roman +citizenship to all freemen all over the world. We are all of us Romans, +recollect, Cornelius.” + +“Ah! that was another matter—a condescension,” answered Cornelius. “Yes, +in a certain sense, I grant it; but it was a political act.” + +“I warrant you,” retorted Aristo, “most political. We were to be fleeced, +do you see? so your imperial government made us Romans, that we might have +the taxes of Romans, and that in addition to our own. You’ve taxed us +double; and as for the privilege of citizenship, much it is, by Hercules, +when every snob has it who can wear a _pileus_ or cherish his hair.” + +“Ah! but you should have seen the procession from the Capitol,” continued +Cornelius, “on, I think, the second day; from the Capitol to the Circus, +all down the Via Sacra. Hosts of strangers there, and provincials from the +four corners of the earth, but not in the procession. There you saw, all +in one _coup-d’œil_, the real good blood of Rome, the young blood of the +new generation, and promise of the future; the sons of patrician and +consular families, of imperators, orators, conquerors, statesmen. They +rode at the head of the procession, fine young fellows, six abreast; and +still more of them on foot. Then came the running horses and the chariots, +the boxers, the wrestlers, and other combatants, all ready for the +competition. The whole school of gladiators then turned out, boys and all, +with their masters, dressed in red tunics, and splendidly armed. They +formed three bands, and they went forward gaily, dancing and singing the +Pyrrhic. By-the-bye, a thousand pair of gladiators fought during the +games—a round thousand, and such clean-made, well-built fellows, and they +came against each other so gallantly! You should have seen it; _I_ can’t go +through it. There was a lot of satyrs, jumping and frisking, in burlesque +of the martial dances which preceded them. There was a crowd of trumpeters +and horn-blowers; ministers of the sacrifices with their victims, bulls +and rams, dressed up with gay wreaths; drivers, butchers, haruspices, +heralds; images of gods with their cars of ivory or silver, drawn by tame +lions and elephants. I can’t recollect the order. O! but the grandest +thing of all was the Carmen, sung by twenty-seven noble youths, and as +many noble maidens, taken for the purpose from the bosoms of their +families to propitiate the gods of Rome. The flamens, augurs, colleges of +priests, it was endless. Last of all came the emperor himself.” + +“That’s the late man,” observed Jucundus, “Philip; no bad riddance his +death, if all’s true that’s said of him.” + +“All emperors are good in their time and way,” answered Cornelius; “Philip +was good then, and Decius is good now;—whom the gods preserve!” + +“True,” said Aristo, “I understand; an emperor cannot do wrong, except in +dying, and then everything goes wrong with him. His death is his first bad +deed; he ought to be ashamed of it; it somehow turns all his great virtues +into vices.” + +“Ah! no one was so good an emperor as our man, Gordianus,” said Jucundus, +“a princely old man, living and dead; patron of trade and of the arts; +such villas! he had enormous revenues. Poor old gentleman! and his son +too. I never shall forget the day when the news came that he was gone. Let +me see, it was shortly after that old fool Strabo’s death—I mean my +brother; a good thirteen years ago. All Africa was in tears; there was no +one like Gordianus.” + +“That’s old world philosophy,” said Aristo; “Jucundus, you must go to +school. Don’t you see that all that is, is right; and all that was, is +wrong? ‘Te nos facimus, Fortuna, deam,’ says your poet; well, I drink ‘to +the fortunes of Rome,’—while it lasts.” + +“You’re a young man,” answered Cornelius, “a very young man, and a Greek. +Greeks never understand Rome. It’s most difficult to understand us. It’s a +science. Look at this medal, young gentleman; it was one of those struck +at the games. Is it not grand? ‘Novum sæculum,’ and on the reverse, +‘Æternitati.’ Always changing, always imperishable. Emperors rise and +fall; Rome remains. The eternal city! Isn’t this good philosophy?” + +“Truly, a most beautiful medal,” said Aristo, examining it, and handing it +on to his host. “You might make an amulet of it, Jucundus. But as to +eternity, why, that is a very great word; and, if I mistake not, other +states have been eternal before Rome. Ten centuries is a very respectable +eternity; be content, Rome is eternal already, and may die without +prejudice to the medal.” + +“Blaspheme not,” replied Cornelius: “Rome is healthier, more full of life, +and promises more, than at any former time, you may rely upon it. ‘Novum +sæculum!’ she has the age of the eagle, and will but cast her feathers to +begin a fresh thousand.” + +“But Egypt,” interposed Aristo, “if old Herodotus speaks true, scarcely +had a beginning. Up and up, the higher you go, the more dynasties of +Egyptian kings do you find. And we hear strange reports of the nations in +the far east, beyond the Ganges.” + +“But I tell you, man,” rejoined Cornelius, “Rome is a city of kings. That +one city, in this one year, has as many kings at once as those of all the +kings of all the dynasties of Egypt put together. Sesostris, and the rest +of them, what are they to imperators, prefects, proconsuls, _vicarii_, and +_rationales_? Look back at Lucullus, Cæsar, Pompey, Sylla, Titus, Trajan. +What’s old Cheops’ pyramid to the Flavian amphitheatre? What is the +many-gated Thebes to Nero’s golden house, while it was? What the grandest +palace of Sesostris or Ptolemy but a second-rate villa of any one of ten +thousand Roman citizens? Our houses stand on acres of ground, they ascend +as high as the Tower of Babylon; they swarm with columns like a forest; +they pullulate into statues and pictures. The walls, pavements, and +ceilings are dazzling from the lustre of the rarest marble, red and +yellow, green and mottled. Fountains of perfumed water shoot aloft from +the floor, and fish swim in rocky channels round about the room, waiting +to be caught and killed for the banquet. We dine; and we feast on the head +of the ostrich, the brains of the peacock, the liver of the bream, the +milk of the murena, and the tongue of the flamingo. A flight of doves, +nightingales, beccaficoes are concentrated into one dish. On great +occasions we eat a phœnix. Our saucepans are of silver, our dishes of +gold, our vases of onyx, and our cups of precious stones. Hangings and +carpets of Tyrian purple are around us and beneath us, and we lie on ivory +couches. The choicest wines of Greece and Italy crown our goblets, and +exotic flowers crown our heads. In come troops of dancers from Lydia, or +pantomimes from Alexandria, to entertain both eye and mind; or our noble +dames and maidens take a place at our tables; they wash in asses’ milk, +they dress by mirrors as large as fish-ponds, and they glitter from head +to foot with combs, brooches, necklaces, collars, ear-rings, armlets, +bracelets, finger-rings, girdles, stomachers, and anklets, all of diamond +and emerald. Our slaves may be counted by thousands, and they come from +all parts of the world. Everything rare and precious is brought to Rome: +the gum of Arabia, the nard of Assyria, the papyrus of Egypt, the +citron-wood of Mauretania, the bronze of Ægina, the pearls of Britain, the +cloth of gold of Phrygia, the fine webs of Cos, the embroidery of Babylon, +the silks of Persia, the lion-skins of Getulia, the wool of Miletus, the +plaids of Gaul. Thus we live, an imperial people, who do nothing but enjoy +themselves and keep festival the whole year; and at length we die—and then +we burn: we burn—in stacks of cinnamon and cassia, and in shrouds of +_asbestos_, making emphatically a good end of it. Such are we Romans, a +great people. Why, we are honoured wherever we go. There’s my master, +there’s myself; as we came here from Italy, I protest we were nearly +worshipped as demi-gods.” + +“And perhaps some fine morning,” said Aristo, “Rome herself will burn in +cinnamon and cassia, and in all her burnished Corinthian brass and scarlet +bravery, the old mother following her children to the funeral pyre. One +has heard something of Babylon, and its drained moat, and the soldiers of +the Persian.” + +A pause occurred in the conversation as one of Jucundus’s slaves entered +with fresh wine, larger goblets, and a vase of snow from the Atlas. + + + + + + CHAPTER VI. + + + GOTHS AND CHRISTIANS. + + +Cornelius was full of his subject, and did not attend to the Greek. “The +wild-beasts hunts,” he continued, “ah, those hunts during the games, +Aristo! they were a spectacle for the gods. Twenty-two elephants, ten +panthers, ten hyænas (by-the-bye, a new beast, not strange, however, to +you here, I suppose), ten camelopards, a hippopotamus, a rhinoceros—I +can’t go through the list. Fancy the circus planted throughout for the +occasion, and turned into a park, and then another set of wild animals, +Getes and Sarmatians, Celts and Goths, sent in against them, to hunt down, +capture and kill them, or to be killed themselves.” + +“Ah, the Goths!” answered Aristo; “those fellows give you trouble, though, +now and then. Perhaps they will give you more. There is a report in the +prætorium to-day that they have crossed the Danube.” + +“Yes, they _will_ give us trouble,” said Cornelius, drily; “they _have_ +given us trouble, and they will give us more. The Samnites gave us +trouble, and our friends of Carthage here, and Jugurtha, and Mithridates; +trouble, yes, that is the long and the short of it; they will give us +trouble. Is trouble a new thing to Rome?” he asked, stretching out his +arm, as if he were making a speech after dinner, and giving a toast. + +“The Goths give trouble, and take a bribe,” retorted Aristo; “this is what +trouble means in their case: it’s a troublesome fellow who hammers at our +door till we pay his reckoning. It is troublesome to raise the means to +buy them off. And the example of these troublesome savages is catching; it +was lately rumoured that the Carpians had been asking the same terms for +keeping quiet.” + +“It would ill become the majesty of Rome to soil her fingers with the +blood of such vermin,” said Cornelius; “she ignores them.” + +“And therefore she most majestically bleeds us instead,” answered Aristo, +“that she may have treasure to give them. We are not so troublesome as +they; the more’s the pity. No offence to you, however, or to the emperor, +or to great Rome, Cornelius. We are over our cups; it’s only a game of +politics, you know, like chess or the _cottabus_. Maro bids you ‘parcere +subjectis, et debellare superbos;’ but you have changed your manners. You +coax the Goths and bully the poor African.” + +“Africa can show fight, too,” interposed Jucundus, who had been calmly +listening and enjoying his own wine; “witness Thysdrus. That was giving +every rapacious Quæstor a lesson that he may go too far, and find a dagger +when he demands a purse.” + +He was alluding to the revolt of Africa, which led to the downfall of the +tyrant Maximin and the exaltation of the Gordians, when the native +landlords armed their peasantry, killed the imperial officer, and raised +the standard of rebellion in the neighbouring town from impatience of +exactions under which they suffered. + +“No offence, I say, Cornelius, no offence to eternal Rome,” said Aristo, +“but you have explained to us why you weigh so heavy on us. I’ve always +heard it was a fortune at Rome for a man to have found out a new tax. +Vespasian did his best; but now you tax our smoke, and our very shadow; +and Pescennius threatened to tax the air we breathe. We’ll play at +riddles, and you shall solve the following:—Say who is she that eats her +own limbs, and grows eternal upon them? Ah, the Goths will take the +measure of her eternity!” + +“The Goths!” said Jucundus, who was warming into conversational life, “the +Goths! no fear of the Goths; but,” and he nodded significantly, “look at +home; we have more to fear indoors than abroad.” + +“He means the prætorians,” said Cornelius to Aristo, condescendingly; “I +grant you that there have been several untoward affairs; we have had our +problem, but it’s a thing of the past, it never can come again. I venture +to say that the power of the prætorians is at an end. That murder of the +two emperors the other day was the worst job they ever did; it has turned +the public opinion of the whole world against them. I have no fear of the +prætorians.” + +“I don’t mean prætorians more than Goths,” said Jucundus; “no, give me the +old weapons, the old maxims of Rome, and I defy the scythe of Saturn. Do +the soldiers march under the old ensign? do they swear by the old gods? do +they interchange the good old signals and watchwords? do they worship the +fortune of Rome; then I say we are safe. But do we take to new ways? do we +trifle with religion? do we make light of Jupiter, Mars, Romulus, the +augurs, and the ancilia? then I say, not all our shows and games, our +elephants, hyænas, and hippopotamuses, will do us any good. It was not the +best thing, no, not the best thing that the soldiers did, when they +invested that Philip with the purple. But he is dead and gone.” And he sat +up and leant on his elbow. + +“Ah! but it will be all set right now,” said Cornelius, “_you’ll_ see.” + +“He’d be a reformer, that Philip,” continued Jucundus, “and put down an +enormity. Well, they call it an enormity; let it be an enormity. He’d put +it down; but why? there’s the point; why? It’s no secret at all,” and his +voice grew angry, “that that hoary-headed Atheist Fabian was at the bottom +of it; Fabian, the Christian. I hate reforms.” + +“Well, we had long wished to do it,” answered Cornelius, “but could not +manage it. Alexander attempted it near twenty years ago. It’s what +philosophers have always aimed at.” + +“The gods consume philosophers and the Christians together!” said Jucundus +devoutly. “There’s little to choose between them, except that the +Christians are the filthier animal of the two. But both are ruining the +most glorious political structure that the world ever saw. I am not +over-fond of Alexander either.” + +“Thank you in the name of philosophy,” said the Greek. + +“And thank you in the name of the Christians,” chimed in Juba. + +“That’s good!” cried Jucundus; “the first word that hopeful youth has +spoken since he came in, and he takes on him to call himself a Christian.” + +“I’ve a right to do so, if I choose,” said Juba; “I’ve a right to be a +Christian.” + +“Right! O yes, right! ha, ha!” answered Jucundus, “right! Jove help the +lad! by all manner of means. Of course, you have a right to go _in malam +rem_ in whatever way you please.” + +“I am my own master,” said Juba; “my father was a Christian. I suppose it +depends on myself to follow him or not, according to my fancy, and as long +as I think fit.” + +“Fancy! think fit!” answered Jucundus, “you pompous little mule! Yes, go +and be a Christian, my dear child, as your doting father went. Go, like +him, to the priest of their mysteries; be spit on, stripped, dipped; feed +on little boys’ marrow and brains; worship the ass; and learn all the foul +magic of the sect. And then be delated and taken up, and torn to shreds on +the rack, or thrown to the lions and so go to Tartarus, if Tartarus there +be, in the way you think fit. You’ll harm none but yourself, my boy. I +don’t fear such as you, but the deeper heads.” + +Juba stood up with a look of offended dignity, and, as on former +occasions, tossed the head which had been by implication disparaged. “I +despise you,” he said. + +“Well, but you are hard on the Christians,” said Aristo. “I have heard +them maintain that their superstition, if adopted, would be the salvation +of Rome. They maintain that the old religion is gone or going out; that +something new is wanted to keep the empire together; and that their +worship is just fitted to the times.” + +“All I say to the vipers,” said Jucundus, “is, ‘Let well alone. We did +well enough without you; we did well enough till you sprang up.’ A plague +on their insolence; as if Jew or Egyptian could do aught for us when Numa +and the Sibyl fail. That is what I say, Let Rome be true to herself and +nothing can harm her; let her shift her foundation, and I would not buy +her for this water-melon,” he said, taking a suck at it. “Rome alone can +harm Rome. Recollect old Horace, ‘Suis et ipsa Roma viribus ruit.’ He was +a prophet. If she falls, it is by her own hand.” + +“I agree,” said Cornelius; “certainly, to set up any new worship is +treason; not a doubt of it. The gods keep us from such ingratitude! We +have grown great by means of them, and they are part and parcel of the law +of Rome. But there is no great chance of our forgetting this; Decius +won’t; that’s a fact. You will see. Time will show; perhaps to-morrow, +perhaps next day,” he added, mysteriously. + +“Why in the world should you have this frantic dread of these poor +scarecrows of Christians,” said Aristo, “all because they hold an opinion? +Why are you not afraid of the bats and the moles? It’s an opinion: there +have been other opinions before them, and there will be other opinions +after. Let them alone and they’ll die away; make a hubbub about them and +they’ll spread.” + +“Spread?” cried Jucundus, who was under the twofold excitement of personal +feeling and of wine, “spread, they’ll spread? yes, they’ll spread. Yes, +grow, like scorpions, twenty at a birth. The country already swarms with +them; they are as many as frogs or grasshoppers; they start up everywhere +under one’s nose, when one least expects them. The air breeds them like +plague-flies; the wind drifts them like locusts. No one’s safe; any one +may be a Christian; it’s an epidemic. Great Jove! _I_ may be a Christian +before I know where I am. Heaven and earth! is it not monstrous?” he +continued, with increasing fierceness. “Yes, Jucundus, my poor man, you +may wake and find yourself a Christian, without knowing it, against your +will. Ah! my friends, pity me! I may find myself a beast, and obliged to +suck blood and live among the tombs as if I liked it, without power to +tell you how I loathe it, all through their sorcery. By the genius of Rome +something must be done. I say, no one is safe. You call on your friend; he +is sitting in the dark, unwashed, uncombed, undressed. What is the matter? +Ah! his son has turned Christian. Your wedding-day is fixed, you are +expecting your bride; she does not come; why? she will not have you; she +has become a Christian. Where’s young Nomentanus? Who has seen Nomentanus? +in the forum, or the campus, in the circus, in the bath? Has he caught the +plague or got a sunstroke? Nothing of the kind; the Christians have caught +hold of him. Young and old, rich and poor, my lady in her litter and her +slave, modest maid and Lydia at the Thermæ, nothing comes amiss to them. +All confidence is gone; there’s no one we can reckon on. I go to my +tailor’s: ‘Nergal,’ I say to him, ‘Nergal, I want a new tunic,’ The +wretched hypocrite bows, and runs to and fro, and unpacks his stuffs and +cloths, like another man. A word in your ear. The man’s a Christian, +dressed up like a tailor. They have no dress of their own. If I were +emperor, I’d make the sneaking curs wear a badge, I would; a dog’s collar, +a fox’s tail, or a pair of ass’s ears. Then we should know friends from +foes when we meet them.” + +“We should think that dangerous,” said Cornelius; “however, you are taking +it too much to heart; you are making too much of them, my good friend. +They have not even got the present, and you are giving them the future, +which is just what they want.” + +“If Jucundus will listen to me,” said Aristo, “I could satisfy him that +the Christians are actually falling off. They once were numerous in this +very place; now there are hardly any. They have been declining for these +fifty years; the danger from them is past. Do you want to know how to +revive them? Put out an imperial edict, forbid them, denounce them. Do you +want them to drop away like autumn leaves? Take no notice of them.” + +“I can’t deny that in Italy they _have_ grown,” said Cornelius; “they +_have_ grown in numbers and in wealth, and they intermarry with us. Thus +the upper class becomes to a certain extent infected. We may find it +necessary to repress them; but, as you would repress vermin, without +fearing them.” + +“The worshippers of the gods are the many, and the Christians are the +few,” persisted Aristo; “if the two parties intermarry, the weaker will +get the worst of it. You will find the statues of the gods gradually +creeping back into the Christian chapel; and a man must be an honest +fellow who buys our images, eh, Jucundus?” + +“Well, Aristo,” said the paterfamilias, whose violence never lasted long, +“if your sister’s bright eyes win back my poor Agellius you will have +something more to say for yourself than, at present, I grant.” + +“I see,” said Cornelius, gravely, “I begin to understand it. I could not +make out why our good host had such great fear for the stability of Rome. +But it is one of those things which the experience of life has taught me. +I have often seen it in the imperial city itself. Whenever you find a man +show special earnestness against these fanatics, depend on it there is +something that touches him personally in the matter. There was a very +great man, the present Flamen Dialis, for whom I have unbounded respect; +for a long time I was at a loss to conceive why a person of his weight, +sound, sensible, well-judging, should have such a fear of the Christians. +One day he made an oration against them in the senate-house; he wanted to +send them to the rack. But the secret came out; the good man was on the +rack himself about his daughter, who persisted in calling herself a +Christian, and refused to paint her face or go to the amphitheatre. To be +sure, a most trying affair this for the old gentleman. The venerable Pater +Patratus, too, what suppers he gave! a fine specimen of the Lucullus type; +yet he was always advocating the lictor and the _commentariensis_ in the +instance of the Christian. No wonder; his wife and son were disgracing him +in the eyes of the whole world by frequenting the meetings of these +Christians. However, I agree with Decius, they must be put down. They are +not formidable, but they are an eyesore.” + +Here the rushing of the water-clock which measured time in the +neighbouring square, ceased, signifying thereby that the night was getting +on. Juba had already crept into the dark closet which served him for a +sleeping-place; had taken off his sandals, and loosened his belt; had +wrapt the serpent he had about him round his neck, and was breathing +heavily. Jucundus made the parting libation, and Cornelius took his leave. +Aristo rose too; and Jucundus, accompanying them to the entrance, paid the +not uncommon penalty of his potations, for the wine mounted to his head, +and he returned into the room, and sat him down again with an impression +that Aristo was still at table. + +“My dear boy,” he said, “Agellius is but a wet Christian; that’s all, not +obstinate, like his brother there. ’Twas his father; the less we say about +him the better; he’s gone. The Furies make his bed for him! an odious set! +Their priests, little ugly men. I saw one when I was a boy at Carthage. So +unlike your noble Roman Saliares, or your fine portly priest of Isis, clad +in white, breathing odours like spring flowers; men who enjoyed this life, +not like that sour hypocrite. He was as black as an Ethiopian, and as +withered as a Saracen, and he never looked you in the face. And, after +all, the fellow must die for his religion, rather than put a few grains of +golden incense on the altar of great Jove. Jove’s the god for me; a +glorious, handsome, curly god—but they are all good, all the gods are +good. There’s Bacchus, he’s a good, comfortable god, though a sly, +treacherous fellow—a treacherous fellow. There’s Ceres, too; Pomona; the +Muses; Astarte, too, as they call her here; all good;—and Apollo, though +he’s somewhat too hot in this season, and too free with his bow. He gave +me a bad fever once. Ah! life’s precious, most precious; so I felt it +then, when I was all but gone to Pluto. Life never returns, it’s like +water spilt; you can’t gather it up. It is dispersed into the elements, to +the four winds. Ah! there’s something more there than I can tell; more +than all your philosophers can determine.” + +He seemed to think awhile, and began again: “Enjoyment’s the great rule; +ask yourself, ‘Have I made the most of things?’ that’s what I say to the +rising generation. Many and many’s the time when I have not turned them to +the best account. Oh, if I had now to begin life again, how many things +should I correct! I might have done better this evening. Those abominable +pears! I might have known they would not be worth the eating. Mutton, that +was all well; doves, good again; crane, kid; well, I don’t see that I +could have done much better.” + +After a few minutes he got up half asleep, and put out all the lights but +one small lamp, with which he made his way into his own bed-closet. “All +is vanity,” he continued, with a slow, grave utterance, “all is vanity but +eating and drinking. It does not pay to serve the gods except for this. +What’s fame? what’s glory? what’s power? smoke. I’ve often thought the hog +is the only really wise animal. We should be happier if we were all hogs. +Hogs keep the end of life steadily in view; that’s why those toads of +Christians will not eat them, lest they should get like them. Quiet, +respectable, sensible enjoyment; not riot, or revel, or excess, or +quarrelling. Life is short.” And with this undeniable sentiment he fell +asleep. + + + + + + CHAPTER VII. + + + PERSECUTION IN THE OFFING. + + +Next morning, as Jucundus was dusting and polishing his statues and other +articles of taste and devotion, supplying the gaps in their ranks, and +grouping a number of new ones which had come in from his workmen, Juba +strutted into the shop, and indulged himself from time to time in an +inward laugh or snigger at the various specimens of idolatry which grinned +or frowned or frisked or languished on all sides of him. + +“Don’t sneer at that Anubis,” said his uncle; “it is the work of the +divine Callista.” + +“That, I suppose, is why she brings into existence so many demons,” +answered Juba; “nothing more can be done in the divine line; like the +queen who fell in love with a baboon.” + +“Now I come to think,” retorted Jucundus, “that god of hers is something +like _you_. She must be in love with you, Juba.” + +The youth, as was usual with him, tossed his head with an air of lofty +displeasure; at length he said, “And why should she not fall in love with +me, pray?” + +“Why, because you are too good or too bad to need her plastic hand. She +could not make anything out of you. ‘Non ex quovis ligno.’ But she’d be +doing a good work if she wiled back your brother.” + +“_He_ does not want wiling any more than I,” said Juba, “_I_ dare say! +he’s no Christian.” + +“What’s that?” said his uncle, looking round at him in surprise; “Agellius +no Christian?” + +“Not a bit of it,” answered Juba; “rest assured. I taxed him with it only +last night; let him alone, _he’ll_ come round. He’s too proud to change, +that’s all. Preach to him, entreat him, worry him, try to turn him, work +at the bit, whip him, and he will turn restive, start aside, or run away; +but let him have his head, pretend not to look, seem indifferent to the +whole matter, and he will quietly sit down in the midst of your images +there. Callista has an easy task; she’ll bribe him to do what he would +else do for nothing.” + +“The very best news I have heard since your silly old father died,” cried +Jucundus; “the very best—if true. Juba, I’ll give you an handsome present +the first sow your brother sacrifices to Ceres. Ha, ha, what fine fun to +see the young farmer over his cups at the Nundinæ! Ha, ha, no Christian! +bravo, Juba! ha, ha, I’ll make you a present, I say, an Apollo to teach +you manners, or a Mercury to give you wit.” + +“It’s quite true,” said Juba; “he would not be thinking of Callista, if he +were thinking of his saints and angels.” + +“Ha, ha! to be sure!” returned Jucundus; “to be sure! yet why shouldn’t he +worship a handsome Greek girl as well as any of those mummies and death’s +heads and bogies of his, which I should blush to put up here alongside +even of Anubis, or a scarabæus?” + +“Mother thinks she is not altogether the girl you take her for,” said his +nephew. + +“No matter, no matter,” answered Jucundus, “no matter at all; she may be a +Lais or Phryne for me; the surer to make a man of him.” + +“Why,” said Juba, “mother thinks her head is turning in the opposite way. +D’you see? Strange, isn’t it?” he added, annoyed himself yet not unwilling +to annoy his uncle. + +“Hm!” exclaimed Jucundus, making a wry face and looking round at him, as +if to say, “What on earth is going to turn up now?” + +“To tell the truth,” said Juba, gloomily, “I did once think of her myself. +I don’t see why I have not as much right to do so as Agellius, if I +please. So I thought old mother might do something for me; and I asked her +for a charm or love potion, which would bring her from her brother down to +the forest yonder. Gurta took to it kindly, for she has a mortal hatred of +Callista, because of her good looks, though she won’t say so, and because +she’s a Greek! and she liked the notion of humbling the haughty minx. So +she began one of the most tremendous spells,” he shrieked out with a +laugh, “one of the most tremendous spells in her whole budget. All and +everything in the most exact religious way: wine, milk, blood, meal, wax, +old rags, gods, Numidian as well as Punic; such names; one must be +barbarian to boot, as well as witch, to pronounce them: a score of things +there were besides. And then to see the old woman, with her streaming grey +hair, twinkling eyes, and grim look, twirl about as some flute girl at a +banquet; it was enough to dance down, not only the moon, but the whole +milky way. But it did not dance down Callista; at which mother got savage, +and protested that Callista was a Christian.” + +Jucundus looked much perplexed. “Medius fidius!” he said, “why, unless we +look sharp, she will be converting him the wrong way;” and he began pacing +up and down the small room. + +Juba on his part began singing— + + “Gurta the witch would have part in the jest; + Though lame as a gull, by his highness possessed, + She shouldered her crutch, and danced with the rest. + + “Sporting and snorting, deep in the night, + Their beards flashing fire, and their hoofs striking light, + And their tails whisking round in the heat of their flight.” + +By this time Jucundus had recovered from the qualm which Juba’s +intelligence had caused him, and he cried out, “Cease your rubbish; old +Gurta’s jealous; I know her spite; Christian is the most blackguard word +in her vocabulary, its Barbar for toad or adder. I see it all; no, +Callista, the divine Callista, must take in hand this piece of wax, sing a +charm, and mould him into a Vertumnus. She’ll show herself the more potent +witch of the two. The new emperor too will help the incantation.” + +“What! something is coming?” asked Juba, with a grin. + +“Coming, boy? yes, I warrant you,” answered his uncle. “_We’ll_ make them +squeak. If gentle means don’t do, then we’ll just throw in another +ingredient or two: an axe, or a wild cat, or a firebrand.” + +“Take care what you are about, if you deal with Agellius,” said Juba. +“He’s a sawney, but you must not drive him to bay. Don’t threaten; keep to +the other line; he’s weak-hearted.” + +“Only as a background to bring out the painting; the Muse singing, all in +light, relieved by sardix or sepia. It _must_ come; but perhaps Agellius +will come first.” + + + +It was indeed as Jucundus had hinted; a new policy, a new era was coming +upon Christianity, together with the new emperor. Christians had hitherto +been for the most part the objects of popular fury rather than of imperial +jealousy. Nero, indeed, from his very love of cruelty, had taken pleasure +in torturing them: but statesmen and philosophers, though at times +perplexed and inconsistent, yet on the whole had despised them; and the +superstition of priests and people, with their “Christianos ad leones,” +had been the most formidable enemy of the faith. Accordingly, atrocious as +the persecution had been at times, it had been conducted on no plan, and +had been local and fitful. But even this trial had been suspended, with +but few interruptions, during the last thirty, nay, fifty years. So +favourable a state of things had been more or less brought about by a +succession of emperors, who had shown an actual leaning to Christianity. +While the vigorous rule of the five good emperors, as they are called, had +had many passages in its history of an adverse character, those who +followed after, being untaught in the traditions, and strangers to the +spirit of old Rome, foreigners, or adventurers, or sensualists, were +protectors of the new religion. The favourite mistress of Commodus is even +said to have been a Christian; so is the nurse of Caracalla. The wretched +Heliogabalus, by his taste for Oriental superstitions, both weakened the +influence of the established hierarchy, and encouraged the toleration of a +faith which came from Palestine. The virtuous Alexander, who followed him, +was a philosopher more than a statesman; and, in pursuance of the +syncretism which he had adopted, placed the images of Abraham and our Lord +among the objects of devotion which his private chapel contained. What is +told us of the Emperor Philip is still more to the point: the gravest +authorities report that he was actually a Christian; and, since it cannot +be doubted that Christians were persuaded of the fact, the leaning of his +government must have been emphatically in their favour to account for such +a belief. In consequence, Christians showed themselves without fear; they +emerged from the catacombs, and built churches in public view; and, though +in certain localities, as in the instance of Africa, they had suffered +from the contact of the world, they spread far and wide, and faith became +the instrument at least of political power, even where it was wanting in +charity, or momentarily disowned by cowardice. In a word, though Celsus a +hundred years before had pronounced “a man weak who should hope to unite +the three portions of the earth in a common religion,” that common +Catholic faith had been found, and a principle of empire was created which +had never before existed. The phenomenon could not be mistaken; and the +Roman statesman saw he had to deal with a rival. Nor must we suppose, +because on the surface of the history we read so much of the vicissitudes +of imperial power, and of the profligacy of its possessors, that the +fabric of government was not sustained by traditions of the strongest +temper, and by officials of the highest sagacity. It was the age of +lawyers and politicians; and they saw more and more clearly that if +Christianity was not to revolutionize the empire, they must follow out the +line of action which Trajan and Antoninus had pointed out. + +Decius then had scarcely assumed the purple, when he commenced that new +policy against the Church which was reserved to Diocletian, fifty years +later, to carry out to its own final refutation. He entered on his power +at the end of the year 249; and on the January 20th following, the day on +which the Church still celebrates the event, St. Fabian, Bishop of Rome, +obtained the crown of martyrdom. He had been pope for the unusually long +space of fourteen years, having been elected in consequence of one of +those remarkable interpositions of Divine Providence of which we now and +then read in the first centuries of the Church. He had come up to Rome +from the country, in order to be present at the election of a successor to +Pope Anteros. A dove was seen to settle on his head, and the assembly rose +up and forced him, to his surprise, upon the episcopal throne. After +bringing back the relics of St. Pontian, his martyred predecessor, from +Sardinia, and having become the apostle of great part of Gaul, he seemed +destined to end his history in the same happy quiet and obscurity in which +he had lived; but it did not become a pope of that primitive time to die +upon his bed, and he was reserved at length to inaugurate in his own +person, as chief pastor of the Church, a fresh company of martyrs. + +Suddenly an edict appeared for the extermination of the name and religion +of Christ. It was addressed to the proconsuls and other governors of +provinces; and alleged or implied that the emperors, Decius and his son, +being determined to give peace to their subjects, found the Christians +alone an impediment to the fulfilment of their purpose; and that, by +reason of the enmity which those sectaries entertained towards the gods of +Rome,—an enmity which was bringing down upon the world multiplied +misfortunes. Desirous, then, above all things, of appeasing the divine +anger, they made an irrevocable ordinance that every Christian, without +exception of rank, sex, or age, should be obliged to sacrifice. Those who +refused were to be thrown into prison, and in the first instance submitted +to moderate punishments. If they conformed to the established religion, +they were to be rewarded; if not, they were to be drowned, burned alive, +exposed to the beasts, hung upon the trees, or otherwise put to death. +This edict was read in the camp of the prætorians, posted up in the +Capitol, and sent over the empire by government couriers. The authorities +in each province were themselves threatened with heavy penalties, if they +did not succeed in frightening or tormenting the Christians into the +profession of paganism. + +St. Fabian, as we have said, was the first-fruits of the persecution, and +eighteen months passed before his successor could be appointed. In the +course of the next two months St. Pionius was burned alive at Smyrna, and +St. Nestor crucified in Pamphylia. At Carthage some perplexity and delay +were occasioned by the absence of the proconsul. St. Cyprian, its bishop, +took advantage of the delay, and retired into a place of concealment. The +populace had joined with the imperial government in seeking his life, and +had cried out furiously in the circus, demanding him “ad leonem,” for the +lion. A panic seized the Christian body, and for a while there were far +more persons found to compromise their faith than to confess it. It seemed +as if Aristo’s anticipation was justified, that Christianity was losing +its hold upon the mind of its subjects, and that nothing more was needed +for those who had feared it, than to let it die a natural death. And at +Sicca the Roman officials, as far as ever they dared, seemed to act on +this view. Here Christians did no harm, they made no show, and there was +little or nothing in the place to provoke the anger of the mob or to +necessitate the interference of the magistrate. The proconsul’s absence +from Carthage was both an encouragement and an excuse for delay; and hence +it was that, though we are towards the middle of the year 250, and the +edict was published at Rome at its commencement, the good people of Sicca +had, as we have said, little knowledge of what was taking place in the +political world, and whispered about vague presages of an intended +measure, which had been in some places in operation for many months. +Communication with the seat of government was not so very frequent or +rapid in those days, and public curiosity had not been stimulated by the +facilities of gratifying it. And thus we must account for a phenomenon, +which we uphold to be a fact in the instance of Sicca, in the early summer +of A.D. 250, even though it prove unaccountable, and history has nothing +to say about it, and in spite of the _Acta Diurna_. + +The case, indeed, is different now. In these times, newspapers, railroads, +and magnetic telegraphs make us independent of government messengers. The +proceedings at Rome would have been generally and accurately known in a +few seconds; and then, by way of urging forward the magistracy, a question +of course would have been asked in the parliament of Carthage by the +member for Sicca, or Laribus, or Thugga, or by some one of the pagani, or +country party, whether the popular report was true, that an edict had been +promulgated at Rome against the Christians, and what steps had been taken +by the local authorities throughout the proconsulate to carry out its +provisions. And then the “Colonia Siccensis” would have presented some +good or bad reason for the delay: that it arose from the absence of the +proconsul from the seat of government, or from the unaccountable loss of +the despatch on its way from the coast; or, perhaps, on the other hand, +the under-secretary would have maintained, amid the cheers of his +supporters, that the edict had been promulgated and carried out at Sicca +to the full, that crowds of Christians had at once sacrificed, and that, +in short, there was no one to punish; assertions which at that moment were +too likely to be verified by the event. + +In truth, there were many reasons to make the magistrates, both Roman and +native, unwilling to proceed in the matter, till they were obliged. No +doubt they one and all detested Christianity, and would have put it down, +if they could; but the question was, when they came to the point, _what_ +they should put down. If, indeed, they could have got hold of the +ringleaders, the bishops of the Church, they would have tortured and +smashed them _con amore_, as you would kill a wasp; and with the greater +warmth and satisfaction, just because it was so difficult to get at them. +Those bishops were a set of fellows as mischievous as they were cowardly; +they would not come out and be killed, but they skulked in the desert, and +hid in masquerade. But why should gentlemen in office, opulent and happy, +set about worrying a handful of idiots, old, or poor, or boys, or women, +or obscure, or amiable and well-meaning men, who were but a remnant of a +former generation, and as little connected with the fanatics of Carthage, +Alexandria, or Rome, as the English freemasons may seem to be with their +namesakes on the continent? True, Christianity was a secret society, and +an illegal religion; but would it cease to be so when those harmless or +respectable inhabitants of the place had been mounted on the rack or the +gibbet? + +And then, too, it was a most dangerous thing to open the door to popular +excitement;—who would be able to shut it? Once rouse the populace, and it +was all over with the place. It could not be denied that the bigoted and +ignorant majority, not only of the common people, but of the better +classes, was steeped in a bitter prejudice, and an intense, though latent, +hatred of Christianity. Besides the antipathy which arose from the +extremely different views of life and duty taken by pagans and Christians, +which would give a natural impulse to persecution in the hearts of the +former, there were the many persons who wished to curry favour at Rome +with the government, and had an eye to preferment or reward. There was the +pagan interest, extended and powerful, of that numerous class which was +attached to the established religions by habit, position, interest, or the +prospect of advantage. There were all the great institutions or +establishments of the place; the law courts, the schools of grammar and +rhetoric, the philosophic _exedræ_ and lecture-rooms, the theatre, the +amphitheatre, the market—all were, for one reason or another, opposed to +Christianity; and who could tell where they would stop in their onward +course, if they were set in motion? “Quieta non movenda” was the motto of +the local government, native and imperial, and that the more, because it +was an age of revolutions, and they might be most unpleasantly compromised +or embarrassed by the direction which the movement took. Besides, Decius +was not immortal; in the last twelve years eight emperors had been cut +off, six of them in a few months; and who could tell but the successor of +the present might revert to the policy of Philip, and feel no thanks to +those who had suddenly left it for a policy of blood. + +In this cautious course they would be powerfully supported by the +influence of personal considerations. The Roman _officia_, the city +magistrates, the heads of the established religions, the lawyers, and the +philosophers, all would have punished the Christians, if they could; but +they could not agree whom to punish. They would have agreed with great +satisfaction, as we have said, to inflict condign and capital punishment +upon the heads of the sect; and they would have had no objection, if +driven to do something, to get hold of some strangers or slaves, who might +be a sort of scapegoats for the rest; but it was impossible, when they +once began to persecute, to make distinctions, and not a few of them had +relations who were Christians, or at least were on that border-land which +the mob might mistake for the domain of Christianity—Marcionites, +Tertullianists, Montanists, or Gnostics. When once the cry of “the gods of +Rome” was fairly up, it would apply to tolerated religions as well as to +illicit, and an unhappy votary of Isis or Mithras might suffer, merely +because there were few Christians forthcoming. A duumvir of the place had +a daughter whom he had turned out of his house for receiving baptism, and +who had taken refuge at Vacca. Several of the decurions, the _tabularius_ +of the district, the _scriba_, one of the exactors, who lived in Sicca, +various of the retired gentry, whom we spoke of in a former chapter, and +various _attachés_ of the prætorium, were in not dissimilar circumstances. +Nay, the priest of Esculapius had a wife, whom he was very fond of, who, +though she promised to keep quiet, if things continued as they were, +nevertheless had the madness to vow that, if there were any severe +proceedings instituted against her people, she would at once come forward, +confess herself a Christian, and throw water, instead of incense, upon the +sacrificial flame. Not to speak of the venerable man’s tenderness for her, +such an exposure would seriously compromise his respectability, and, as he +was infirm and apoplectic, it was a question whether Esculapius himself +could save him from the shock which would be the consequence. + +The same sort of feeling operated with our good friend Jucundus. He was +attached to his nephew; but, be it said without disrespect to him, he was +more attached to his own reputation; and, while he would have been +seriously annoyed at seeing Agellius exposed to one of the panthers of the +neighbouring forest, or hung up by the feet, with the blood streaming from +his nose and mouth, as one of the dogs or kids of the market, he would +have disliked the _éclat_ of the thing still more. He felt both anger and +alarm at the prospect; he was conscious he did not understand his nephew, +or (to use a common phrase) know where to find him; he was aware that a +great deal of tact was necessary to manage him; and he had an instinctive +feeling that Juba was right in saying that it would not do to threaten him +with the utmost severity of the law. He considered Callista’s hold on him +was the most promising quarter of the horizon; so he came to a resolution +to do as little as he could personally, but to hold Agellius’s head, as +far as he could, steadily in the direction of that lady, and to see what +came of it. As to Juba’s assurance that Agellius was not a Christian at +heart, it was too good news to be true; but still it might be only an +anticipation of what would be, when the sun of Greece shone out upon him, +and dispersed the remaining mists of Oriental superstition. + +In this state of mind the old gentleman determined one afternoon to leave +his shop to the care of a slave, and to walk down to his nephew, to judge +for himself of his state of mind; to bait his hook with Callista, and to +see if Agellius bit. There was no time to be lost, for the publication of +the edict might be made any day; and then disasters might ensue which no +skill could remedy. + + + + + + CHAPTER VIII. + + + THE NEW GENERATION. + + +Jucundus, then, set out to see how the land lay with his nephew, and to do +what he could to prosper the tillage. His way led him by the temple of +Mercury, which at that time subserved the purpose of a boy’s school, and +was connected with some academical buildings, the property of the city, +which lay beyond it. It cannot be said that our friend was any warm patron +of literature or education, though he had not neglected the schooling of +his nephews. Letters seemed to him in fact to unsettle the mind; and he +had never known much good come of them. Rhetoricians and philosophers did +not know where they stood, or what were their bearings. They did not know +what they held, and what they did not. He knew his own position perfectly +well, and, though the words “belief” or “knowledge” did not come into his +religious vocabulary, he could at once, without hesitation, state what he +professed and maintained. He stood upon the established order of things, +on the traditions of Rome, and the laws of the empire; but as to Greek +sophists and declaimers, he thought very much as old Cato did about them. +The Greeks were a very clever people, unrivalled in the fine arts; let +them keep to their strong point; they were inimitable with the chisel, the +brush, the trowel, and the fingers; but he was not prepared to think much +of their _calamus_ or _stylus_, poetry excepted. What did they ever do but +subvert received principles without substituting any others? And then they +were so likely to take some odd turn themselves; you never could be sure +of them. Socrates, their patriarch, what was he after all but a culprit, a +convict, who had been obliged to drink hemlock, dying under the hands of +justice? Was this a reputable end, a respectable commencement of the +philosophic family? It was very well for Plato or Xenophon to throw a veil +of romance over the transaction, but this was the plain matter of fact. +Then Anaxagoras had been driven out of Athens for his revolutionary +notions; and Diogenes had been accused, like the Christians, of atheism. +The case had been the same in more recent times. There had been that +madman, Apollonius, roaming about the world; Apuleius, too, their +neighbour, fifty years before, a man of respectable station, a gentleman, +but a follower of the Greek philosophy, a dabbler in magic, and a +pretender to miracles. And so, in fact, of letters generally; as in their +own country Minucius, a contemporary of Apuleius, became a Christian. +Such, too, had been his friend Octavius; such Cæcilius, who even became +one of the priests of the sect, and seduced others from the religion he +had left. One of them had been the public talk for several years, and he +too originally a rhetorician, Thascius Cyprianus of Carthage. It was the +one thing which gave him some misgiving about that little Callista, that +she was a Greek. + +As he passed the temple, the metal plate was sounding as a signal for the +termination of the school, and on looking towards the portico with an +ill-natured curiosity, he saw a young acquaintance of his, a youth of +about twenty, coming out of it, leading a boy of about half that age, with +his satchel thrown over his shoulder. + +“Well, Arnobius,”(2) he cried, “how does rhetoric proceed? are we to take +the law line, or turn professor? Who’s the boy? some younger brother?” + +“I’ve taken pity on the little fool,” answered Arnobius; “these +schoolmasters are a savage lot. I suffered enough from them myself, and +‘miseris succurrere disco.’ So I took him from under the roof of friend +Rupilius, and he’s under my tutelage. How did he treat thee, boy?” + +“He treated me like a slave or a Christian,” answered he. + +“He deserved it, I’ll warrant,” said Jucundus; “a pert, forward imp. ’Twas +Gete against Briton. Much good comes of schooling! He’s a wicked one +already. Ah, the new generation! I don’t know where the world’s going.” + +“Tell the gentleman,” said Arnobius, “what he did first to you, my boy.” + +“As the good gentleman says,” answered the boy, “first I did something to +him, and then he did something to me.” + +“I told you so,” said Jucundus; “a sensible boy, after all; but the +schoolmaster had the best of it, I’ll wager.” + +“First,” answered he, “I grinned in his face, and he took off his wooden +shoe, and knocked out one of my teeth.” + +“Good,” said Jucundus, “the justice of Pythagoras. Zaleuchus could not +have done better. The mouth sins, and the mouth suffers.” + +“Next,” continued he, “I talked in school-time to my chum; and Rupilius +put a gag in my jaws, and kept them open for an hour.” + +“The very Rhadamanthus of schoolmasters!” cried Jucundus: “and thereupon +you struck up a chant, divine though inarticulate, like the statue of +Memnon.” + +“Then,” said the boy, “I could not say my Virgil, and he tore the shirt +from off my back, and gave it me with the leather.” + +“Ay,” answered Jucundus, “ ‘arma virumque’ branded on your hide.” + +“Afterwards I ate his dinner for him,” continued the boy, “and then he +screwed my head, and kept me without food for two days.” + +“Your throat, you mean,” said Jucundus; “a cautious man! lest you should +steal a draught or two of good strong air.” + +“And lastly,” said he, “I did not bring my pence, and then he tied my +hands to a gibbet, and hung me up _in terrorem_.” + +“There I came in,” said Arnobius; “he seemed a pretty boy, so I cut him +down, paid his æra, and took him home.” + +“And now he is your pupil?” asked Jucundus. + +“Not yet,” answered Arnobius; “he is still a day-scholar of the old +wolf’s; one is like another; he could not change for the better: but I am +his bully, and shall tutorize him some day. He’s a sharp lad, isn’t he, +Firmian?” turning to the boy; “a great hand at composition for his years; +better than I am, who never shall write Latin decently. Yet what can I do? +I must profess and teach, for Rome is the only place for the law, and +these city professorships are not to be despised.” + +“Whom are you attending here?” asked Jucundus, drily. + +“You are the only man in Sicca who needs to ask the question. What! not +know the great Polemo of Rhodes, the friend of Plotinus, the pupil of +Theagenes, the disciple of Thrasyllus, the hearer of Nicomachus, who was +of the school of Secundus, the doctor of the new Pythagoreans? Not feel +the presence in Sicca of Polemo, the most celebrated, the most intolerable +of men? That, however, is not his title, but the ‘godlike,’ or the +‘oracular,’ or the ‘portentous,’ or something else as impressive. Every +one goes to him. He is the rage. I should not have a chance of success if +I could not say that I had attended his lectures; though I’d be bound our +little Firmian here would deliver as good. He’s the very cariophyllus of +human nature. He comes to the schools in a litter of cedar, ornamented +with silver and covered with a lion’s skin, slaves carrying him, and a +crowd of friends attending, with the state of a proconsul. He is dressed +in the most exact style; his pallium is of the finest wool, white, picked +out with purple; his tresses flow with unguent, his fingers glitter with +rings, and he smells like Idalium. As soon as he puts foot on earth, a +great hubbub of congratulation and homage breaks forth. He takes no +notice; his favourite pupils form a circle round him, and conduct him into +one of the _exedræ_, till the dial shows the time for lecture. Here he +sits in silence, looking at nothing, or at the wall opposite him, talking +to himself, a hum of admiration filling the room. Presently one of his +pupils, as if he were præco to the duumvir, cries out, ‘Hush, gentlemen, +hush! the godlike’—no, it is not that. I’ve not got it. What _is_ his +title? ‘the Bottomless,’ that’s it—‘the Bottomless speaks.’ A dead silence +ensues; a clear voice and a measured elocution are the sure token that it +is the outpouring of the oracle. ‘Pray,’ says the little man, ‘pray, which +existed first, the egg or the chick? Did the chick lay the egg, or the egg +hatch the chick?’ Then there ensues a whispering, a disputing, and after a +while a dead silence. At the end of a quarter of an hour or so, our præco +speaks again, and this time to the oracle. ‘Bottomless man,’ he says, ‘I +have to represent to you that no one of the present company finds himself +equal to answer the question, which your condescension has proposed to our +consideration!’ On this there is a fresh silence, and at length a fresh +_effatum_ from the hierophant: ‘Which comes first, the egg or the chick? +The egg comes first in relation to the causativity of the chick, and the +chick comes first in relation to the causativity of the egg,’ on which +there is a burst of applause; the ring of adorers is broken through, and +the shrinking professor is carried in the arms or on the shoulders of the +literary crowd to his chair in the lecture-room.” + +Much as there was in Arnobius’s description which gratified Jucundus’s +prejudices, he had suspicions of his young acquaintance, and was not in +the humour to be pleased unreservedly with those who satirized anything +whatever that was established, or was appointed by government, even +affectation and pretence. He said something about the wisdom of ages, the +reverence due to authority, the institutions of Rome, and the magistrates +of Sicca. “Do not go after novelties,” he said to Arnobius; “make a daily +libation to Jove, the preserver, and to the genius of the emperor, and +then let other things take their course.” + +“But you don’t mean I must believe all this man says, because the +decurions have put him here?” cried Arnobius. “Here is this Polemo saying +that Proteus is matter, and that minerals and vegetables are his flock; +that Proserpine is the vital influence, and Ceres the efficacy of the +heavenly bodies; that there are mundane spirits, and supramundane; and +then his doctrine about triads, monads, and progressions of the celestial +gods?” + +“Hm!” said Jucundus; “they did not say so when I went to school; but keep +to my rule, my boy, and swear by the genius of Rome and the emperor.” + +“I don’t believe in god or goddess, emperor or Rome, or in any philosophy, +or in any religion at all,” said Arnobius. + +“What!” cried Jucundus, “you’re not going to desert the gods of your +ancestors?” + +“Ancestors?” said Arnobius; “I’ve no ancestors. I’m not African certainly, +not Punic, not Libophœnician, not Canaanite, not Numidian, not Gætulian. +I’m half Greek, but what the other half is I don’t know. My good old +gaffer, you’re one of the old world. I believe nothing. Who can? There is +such a racket and whirl of religions on all sides of me that I am sick of +the subject.” + +“Ah, the rising generation!” groaned Jucundus; “you young men! I cannot +prophesy what you will become, when we old fellows are removed from the +scene. Perhaps you’re a Christian?” + +Arnobius laughed. “At least I can give you comfort on that head, old +grandfather. A pretty Christian _I_ should make, indeed! seeing visions, +to be sure, and rejoicing in the rack and dungeon! I wish to enjoy life; I +see wealth, power, rank, and pleasure to be worth living for, and I see +nothing else.” + +“Well said, my lad,” cried Jucundus, “well said; stick to that. I declare +you frightened me. Give up all visions, speculations, conjectures, +fancies, novelties, discoveries; nothing comes of them but confusion.” + +“No, no,” answered the youth; “I’m not so wild as you seem to think, +Jucundus. It is true I don’t believe one single word about the gods; but +in their worship was I born, and in their worship I will die.” + +“Admirable!” cried Jucundus in a transport; “well, I’m surprised; you have +taken me by surprise. You’re a fine fellow; you are a boy after my heart. +I’ve a good mind to adopt you.” + +“You see I can’t believe one syllable of all the priests’ trash,” said +Arnobius; “who does? not they. I don’t believe in Jupiter or Juno, or in +Astarte or in Isis; but where shall I go for anything better? or why need +I seek anything good or bad in that line? Nothing’s known anywhere, and +life would go while I attempted what is impossible. No, better stay where +I am; I may go further, and gain a loss for my pains. So you see I am for +myself, and for the genius of Rome.” + +“That’s the true principle,” answered the delighted Jucundus. “Why, +really, for so young a man, surprising! Where _did_ you get so much good +sense, my dear fellow? _I’ve_ seen very little of you. Well, this I’ll +say, you are a youth of most mature mind. To be sure! Well! Such youths +are rare now-a-days. I congratulate you with all my heart on your strong +sense and your admirable wisdom. Who’d have thought it? I’ve always, to +tell the truth, had a little suspicion of you; but you’ve come out nobly. +Capital! I don’t wish you to believe in the gods if you can’t; but it’s +your duty, dear boy, your duty to Rome to maintain them, and to rally +round them when attacked.” Then with a changed voice, he added, “Ah, that +a young friend of mine had your view of the matter!” and then, fearing he +had said too much, he stopped abruptly. + +“You mean Agellius,” said Arnobius. “You’ve heard, by-the-bye,” he +continued in a lower tone, “what’s the talk in the Capitol, that at Rome +they are proceeding on a new plan against the Christians with great +success. They don’t put to death, at least at once; they keep in prison, +and threaten the torture. It’s surprising how many come over.” + +“The Furies seize them!” exclaimed Jucundus: “they deserve everything bad, +always excepting my poor boy. So they are cheating the hangman by giving +up their atheism, the vile reptiles, giving in to a threat. However,” he +added gravely, “I wish threats would answer with Agellius; but I greatly +fear that menace would only make him stubborn. That stubbornness of a +Christian! O Arnobius!” he said, shaking his head and looking solemn, +“it’s a visitation from the gods, a sort of _nympholepsia_.” + +“It’s going out,” said Arnobius, “mark my words; the frenzy is dying. It’s +only wonderful it should have lasted for three centuries. The report runs +that in some places, when the edict was published, the Christians did not +wait for a summons, but swept up to the temples to sacrifice, like a shoal +of tunnies. The magistrates were obliged to take so many a day; and, as +the days went on, none so eager to bring over the rest as those who have +already become honest men. Nay, not a few of their mystic or esoteric +class have conformed.” + +“If so, unless Agellius looks sharp,” said Jucundus, “his sect will give +him up before he gives up his sect. Christianity will be converted before +him.” + +“Oh, don’t fear for him!” said Arnobius; “I knew him at school. Boys +differ; some are bold and open. They like to be men, and to dare the deeds +of men; they talk freely, and take their swing in broad day. Others are +shy, reserved, bashful, and are afraid to do what they love quite as much +as the others. Agellius never could rub off this shame, and it has taken +this turn. He’s sure to outgrow it in a year or two. I should not wonder +if, when once he had got over it, he went into the opposite fault. You’ll +find him a drinker and a swaggerer and a spendthrift before many years are +over.” + +“Well, that’s good news,” said Jucundus; “I mean, I am glad you think he +will shake off these fancies. I don’t believe they sit very close to him +myself.” + +He walked on for a while in silence; then he said, “That seems a sharp +child, Arnobius. Could he do me a service if I wanted it? Does he know +Agellius?” + +“Know him?” answered the other; “yes, and his farm too. He has rambled +round Sicca, many is the mile. And he knows the short cuts, and the blind +ways, and safe circuits.” + +“What’s the boy’s name?” asked Jucundus. + +“Firmian,” answered Arnobius. “Firmian Lactantius.” + +“I say, Firmian,” said Jucundus to him, “where are you to be found of a +day, my boy?” + +“At class morning and afternoon,” answered Firmian, “sleeping in the +porticoes in midday, nowhere in the evening, and roosting with Arnobius at +night.” + +“And you can keep a secret, should it so happen?” asked Jucundus, “and do +an errand, if I gave you one?” + +“I’ll give him the stick worse than Rupilius, if he does not,” said +Arnobius. + +“A bargain,” cried Jucundus; and, waving his hand to them, he stept +through the city gate, and they returned to their afternoon amusements. + + + + + + CHAPTER IX. + + + JUCUNDUS BAITS HIS TRAP. + + +Agellius is busily employed upon his farm. While the enemies of his faith +are laying their toils for him and his brethren in the imperial city, in +the proconsular _officium_, and in the municipal curia,—while Jucundus is +scheming against him personally in another way and with other +intentions,—the unconscious object of these machinations is busy about his +master’s crops, housing the corn in caves or pits, distilling the roses, +irrigating the _khennah_, and training and sheltering the vines. And he +does so, not only from a sense of duty, but the more assiduously, because +he finds in constant employment a protection against himself, against idle +thoughts, wayward wishes, discontent, and despondency. It is doubtless +very strange to the reader how any one who professed himself a Christian +in good earnest should be open to the imputation of resting his hopes and +his heart in the tents of paganism; but we do not see why Agellius has not +quite as much right to be inconsistent in one way as Christians of the +present time in another, and perhaps he has more to say for himself than +they. They have not had the trial of solitude, nor the consequent +temptation to which he has been exposed, of seeking relief from his own +thoughts in the company of unbelievers. When a boy he had received his +education at that school in the Temple of Mercury of which we heard in the +foregoing chapter; and though happily he had preserved himself from the +contagion of idolatry and sin, he had on that very account formed no +friendships with his schoolfellows. Whether there were any Christians +there besides himself he did not know; but while the worst of his +schoolfellows were what heathen boys may be supposed to be, the lightest +censure which could be passed on any was that they were greedy, or +quarrelsome, or otherwise unamiable. He had learned there enough to open +his mind, and to give him materials for thinking, and instruments for +reflecting on his own religion, and for drawing out into shape his own +reflections. He had received just that discipline which makes solitude +most pleasant to the old, and most insupportable to the young. He had got +a thousand questions which needed answers, a thousand feelings which +needed sympathy. He wanted to know whether his guesses, his perplexities, +his trials of mind, were peculiar to himself, or how far they were shared +by others, and what they were worth. He had capabilities for intellectual +enjoyment unexercised, and a thirst after knowledge unsatisfied. And the +channels of supernatural assistance were removed from him at a time when +nature was most impetuous and most clamorous. + +It was under circumstances such as these that two young Greeks, brother +and sister, the brother older, the sister younger, than Agellius, came to +Sicca at the invitation of Jucundus, who wanted them for his trade. His +nephew in time got acquainted with them, and found in them what he had +sought in vain elsewhere. It is not that they were oracles of wisdom or +repositories of philosophical learning; their age and their calling +forbade it, nor did he require it. For an oracle, of course, he would have +looked in another direction; but he desiderated something more on a level +with himself, and that they abundantly supplied. He found, from his +conversations with them, that a great number of the questions which had +been a difficulty to him had already been agitated in the schools of +Greece. He found what solutions were possible, what the hinge was on which +questions turned, what the issue to which they led, and what the principle +which lay at the bottom of them. He began better to understand the +position of Christianity in the world of thought, and the view which was +taken of it by the advocates of other religions or philosophies. He gained +some insight into its logic, and advanced, without knowing it, in the +investigation of its evidences. + +Nor was this all; he acquired by means of his new friends a great deal +also of secular knowledge as well as philosophical. He learned much of the +history of foreign countries, especially of Greece, of its heroes and +sages, its poets and its statesmen, of Alexander, of the Syro-Macedonic +empire, of the Jews, and of the series of conquests through which Rome +advanced to universal dominion. + +To impart knowledge is as interesting as to acquire it; and Agellius was +called upon to give as well as to take. The brother and sister, without +showing any great religious earnestness, were curious to know about +Christianity, and listened with the more patience that they had no special +attachment to any other worship. In the debates which ensued, though there +was no agreement, there was the pleasure of mental exercise and +excitement; he found enough to tell them without touching upon the more +sacred mysteries; and while he never felt his personal faith at all +endangered by their free conversation, his charity, or at least his +good-will and his gratitude, led him to hope, or even to think, that they +were in the way of conversion themselves. In this thought he was aided by +his own innocence and simplicity; and though, on looking back afterwards +to this eventful season, he recognized many trivial occurrences which +ought to have put him on his guard, yet he had no suspicion at the time +that those who conversed so winningly, and sustained so gracefully and +happily the commerce of thought and sentiment, might in their actual +state, nay, in their governing principles, be in utter contrariety to +himself when the veil was removed from off their hearts. + +Nor was it in serious matters alone, but still more on lighter occasions +of intercourse, that Aristo and Callista were attractive to the solitary +Agellius. She had a sweet thrilling voice, and accompanied herself on the +lyre. She could act the _improvisatrice_, and her expressive features were +a running commentary on the varied meaning, the sunshine and the shade, of +her ode or her epic. She could relate how the profane Pentheus and the +self-glorious Hippolytus gave a lesson to the world of the feebleness of +human virtue when it placed itself in opposition to divine power. She +could teach how the chaste Diana manifests herself to the simple shepherd +Endymion, not to the great or learned; and how Tithonus, the spouse of the +Morn, adumbrates the fate of those who revel in their youth, as if it were +to last for ever; and who, when old, do nothing but talk of the days when +they were young, wearying others with tales of “their amours or their +exploits, like grasshoppers that show their vigour only by their +chirping.”(3) The very allegories which sickened and irritated Arnobius +when spouted out by Polemo, touched the very chords of poor Agellius’s +heart when breathed forth from the lips of the beautiful Greek. + +She could act also; and suddenly, when conversation flagged or suggested +it, she could throw herself into the part of Medea or Antigone, with a +force and truth which far surpassed the effect produced by the male and +masked representations of those characters at the theatre. Brother and +sister were Œdipus and Antigone, Electra and Orestes, Cassandra and the +Chorus. Once or twice they attempted a scene in Menander; but there was +something which made Agellius shrink from the comedy, beautiful as it was, +and clever as was the representation. Callista could act Thais as truly as +Iphigenia, but Agellius could not listen as composedly. There are certain +most delicate instincts and perceptions in us which act as first +principles, and which, once effaced, can never, except from some +supernatural source, be restored to the mind. When men are in a state of +nature, these are sinned against, and vanish very soon, at so early a date +in the history of the individual that perhaps he does not recollect that +he ever possessed them; and since, like other first principles, they are +but very partially capable of proof, a general scepticism prevails both as +to their existence and their truth. The Greeks, partly from the vivacity +of their intellect, partly from their passion for the beautiful, lost +these celestial adumbrations sooner than other nations. When a collision +arose on such matters between Agellius and his friends, Callista kept +silence; but Aristo was not slow to express his wonder that the young +Christian should think customs or practices wrong which, in his view of +the matter, were as unblamable and natural as eating, drinking, or +sleeping. His own face became almost satirical as Agellius’s became grave; +however, he was too companionable and good-natured to force another to be +happy in his own way; he imputed to the extravagance of his friend’s +religion what in any but a Christian he would have called moroseness and +misanthropy; and he bade his sister give over representations which, +instead of enlivening the passing hour, did but inflict pain. + +This friendly intercourse had now gone on for some months, as the leisure +of both parties admitted. Once or twice brother and sister had come to the +suburban farm; but for the most part, in spite of his intense dislike of +the city, he had for their sake threaded its crowded and narrow +thoroughfares, crossed its open places, and presented himself at their +apartments. And was it very strange that a youth so utterly ignorant of +the world, and unsuspicious of evil, should not have heard the warning +voice which called him to separate himself from heathenism, even in its +most specious form? Was it very strange, under these circumstances, that a +sanguine hope, the hope of the youthful, should have led Agellius to +overlook obstacles, and beguile himself into the notion that Callista +might be converted, and make a good Christian wife? Well, we have nothing +more to say for him; if we have not already succeeded in extenuating his +offence, we must leave him to the mercy, or rather to the justice, of his +severely virtuous censors. + +But all this while Jucundus had been conversing with him; and, unless we +are quick about it, we shall lose several particulars which are necessary +for those who wish to pursue without a break the thread of his history. +His uncle had brought the conversation round to the delicate point which +had occasioned his visit, and had just broken the ice. With greater tact, +and more ample poetical resources than we should have given him credit +for, he had been led from the scene before him to those prospects of a +moral and social character which ought soon to employ the thoughts of his +dear Agellius. He had spoken of vines and of their culture, _apropos_ of +the dwarf vines around him, which stood about the height of a +currant-bush. Thence he had proceeded to the subject of the more common +vine of Africa, which crept and crawled along the ground, the extremity of +each plant resting in succession on the stock of that which immediately +preceded it. And now, being well into his subject, he called to mind the +high vine of Italy, which mounts by the support of the slim tree to which +it clings. Then he quoted Horace on the subject of the marriage of the elm +and the vine. This lodged him _in medias res_; and Agellius’s heart beat +when he found his uncle proposing to him, as a thought of his own, the +very step which he had fancied was almost a secret of his own breast, +though Juba had seemed to have some suspicion of it. + +“My dear Agellius,” said Jucundus, “it would be a most suitable +proceeding. I have never taken to marrying myself; it has not lain in my +way, or been to my taste. Your father did not set me an encouraging +example; but here you are living by yourself, in this odd fashion, unlike +any one else. Perhaps you may come in time and live in Sicca. We shall +find some way of employing you, and it will be pleasant to have you near +me as I get old. However, I mean it to be some time yet before Charon +makes a prize of me; not that I believe all that rubbish more than you, +Agellius, I assure you.” + +“It strikes me,” Agellius began, “that perhaps you may think it +inconsistent in me taking such a step, but—” + +“Ay, ay, that’s the rub,” thought Jucundus; then aloud, “Inconsistent, my +boy! who talks of inconsistency? what superfine jackanapes dares to call +it inconsistent? You seem made for each other, Agellius—she town, you +country; she so clever and attractive, and up to the world, you so fresh +and Arcadian. You’ll be quite the talk of the place.” + +“That’s just what I don’t want to be,” said Agellius. “I mean to say,” he +continued, “that if I thought it inconsistent with my religion to think of +Callista—” + +“Of course, of course,” interrupted his uncle, who took his cue from Juba, +and was afraid of the workings of Agellius’s human respect; “but who knows +you have been a Christian? no one knows anything about it. I’ll be bound +they all think you an honest fellow like themselves, a worshipper of the +gods, without crotchets or hobbies of any kind. I never told them to the +contrary. My opinion is, that if you were to make your libation to Jove, +and throw incense upon the imperial altar to-morrow, no one would think it +extraordinary. They would say for certain that they had seen you do it +again and again. Don’t fancy for an instant, my dear Agellius, that you +have anything whatever to get over.” + +Agellius was getting awkward and mortified, as may be easily conceived, +and Jucundus saw it, but could not make out why. “My dear uncle,” said the +youth, “you are reproaching me.” + +“Not a bit of it,” said Jucundus, confidently, “not a shadow of reproach; +why should I reproach you? We can’t be wise all at once; _I_ had my +follies once, as you may have had yours. It’s natural you should grow more +attached to things as they are,—things as they are, you know,—as time goes +on. Marriage, and the preparation for marriage, sobers a man. You’ve been +a little headstrong, I can’t deny, and had your fling in your own way; but +‘nuces pueris,’ as you will soon be saying yourself on a certain occasion. +Your next business is to consider what kind of a marriage you propose. I +suppose the Roman, but there is great room for choice even there.” + +It is a proverb how different things are in theory and when reduced to +practice. Agellius had thought of the end more than of the means, and had +had a vision of Callista as a Christian, when the question of rites and +forms would have been answered by the decision of the Church without his +trouble. He _was_ somewhat sobered by the question, though in a different +way from what his uncle wished and intended. + +Jucundus proceeded—“First, there is _matrimonium confarreationis_. You +have nothing to do with that: strictly speaking, it is obsolete; it went +out with the exclusiveness of the old patricians. I say ‘strictly +speaking’; for the ceremonies remain, waiving the formal religious rite. +Well, my dear Agellius, I don’t recommend this ceremonial to you. You’d +have to kill a porker, to take out the entrails, to put away the gall, and +to present it to Juno Pronuba. And there’s fire, too, and water, and +frankincense, and a great deal of the same kind, which I think +undesirable, and you would too; for there, I am sure, we are agreed. We +put this aside then, the religious marriage. Next comes the marriage _ex +coemptione_, a sort of mercantile transaction. In this case the parties +buy each other, and become each other’s property. Well, every man to his +taste; but for me, I don’t like to be bought and sold. I like to be my own +master, and am suspicious of anything irrevocable. Why should you commit +yourself (do you see?) for ever, _for ever_, to a girl you know so little +of? Don’t look surprised: it’s common sense. It’s very well to buy _her_; +but to be bought, that’s quite another matter. And I don’t know that you +can. Being a Roman citizen yourself, you can only make a marriage with a +citizen; now the question is whether Callista is a citizen at all. I know +perfectly well the sweeping measure some years back of Caracalla, which +made all freemen citizens of Rome, whatever might be their country; but +that measure has never been carried out in fact. You’d have very great +difficulty with the law and the customs of the country; and then, after +all, if the world were willing to gratify you, where’s your proof she is a +freewoman? My dear boy, I must speak out for your good, though you’re +offended with me. I wish you to have her, I do; but you can’t do +impossibilities—you can’t alter facts. The laws of the empire allow you to +have her in a certain definite way, and no other; and you cannot help the +law being what it is. I say all this, even on the supposition of her being +a freewoman; but it is just possible she may be in law a slave. Don’t +start in that way; the pretty thing is neither better nor worse for what +she cannot help. I say it for your good. Well, now I’m coming to my point. +There is a third kind of marriage, and that is what I should recommend for +you. It’s the _matrimonium ex usu_, or _consuetudine_; the great advantage +here is, that you have no ceremonies whatever, nothing which can in any +way startle your sensitive mind. In that case, a couple are at length man +and wife _præscriptione_. You are afraid of making a stir in Sicca; in +this case you would make none. You would simply take her home here; if, as +time went on, you got on well together, it would be a marriage; if +not,”—and he shrugged his shoulders—“no harm’s done; you are both free.” + +Agellius had been sitting on a gate of one of the vineyards; he started on +his feet, threw up his arms, and made an exclamation. + +“Listen, listen, my dear boy!” cried Jucundus, hastening to explain what +he considered the cause of his sudden annoyance; “listen, just one moment, +Agellius, if you can. Dear, dear, how I wish I knew where to find you! +What _is_ the matter? I’m not treating her ill, I’m not indeed. I have not +had any notion at all even of hinting that you should leave her, unless +you both wished the bargain rescinded. No, but it is a great rise for her; +you are a Roman, with property, with position in the place; she’s a +stranger, and without a dower: nobody knows whence she came, or anything +about her. She ought to have no difficulty about it, and I am confident +will have none.” + +“O my good, dear uncle! O Jucundus, Jucundus!” cried Agellius, “is it +possible? do my ears hear right? What is it you ask me to do?” and he +burst into tears. “Is it conceivable,” he said, with energy, “that you are +in earnest in recommending me—I say in recommending me—a marriage which +really would be no marriage at all?” + +“Here is some very great mistake,” said Jucundus, angrily; “it arises, +Agellius, from your ignorance of the world. You must be thinking I +recommend you mere _contubernium_, as the lawyers call it. Well, I confess +I did think of that for a moment, it occurred to me; I should have liked +to have mentioned it, but knowing how preposterously touchy and skittish +you are on supposed points of honour, or sentiment, or romance, or of +something or other indescribable, I said not one word about that. I have +only wished to consult for your comfort, present and future. You don’t do +me justice, Agellius. I have been attempting to smooth your way. You +_must_ act according to the received usages of society! you cannot make a +world for yourself. Here have I proposed three or four ways for your +proceeding: you will have none of them. What _will_ you have? I thought +you didn’t like ceremonies; I thought you did not like the established +ways. Go, then, do it in the old fashion; kill your sheep, knead your +meal, light your torches, sing your song, summon your flamen, if he’ll +come. Any how, take your choice; do it either with religion or without.” + +“O Jucundus!” said the poor fellow, “am I then come to this?” and he could +say no more. + +His distress was not greater than his uncle’s disappointment, perplexity, +and annoyance. The latter had been making everything easy for Agellius, +and he was striking, do what he would, on hidden, inexplicable +impediments, whichever way he moved. He got more and more angry the more +he thought about it. An unreasonable, irrational coxcomb! He had heard a +great deal of the portentous stubbornness of a Christian, and now he +understood what it was. It was in his blood, he saw; an offensive, sour +humour, tainting him from head to foot. A very different recompense had he +deserved. There had he come all the way from his home from purely +disinterested feelings. He had no motive whatever, but a simple desire of +his nephew’s welfare; what other motive could he have? “Let Agellius go to +the crows,” he thought, “if he will; what is it to me if he is seized for +a Christian, hung up like a dog, or thrown like a dead rat into the +_cloaca_ of the prison? What care I if he is made a hyæna’s breakfast in +the amphitheatre, all Sicca looking on, or if he is nailed on a cross for +the birds to peck at before my door? Ungrateful puppy! it is no earthly +concern of mine what becomes of him. I shall be neither better nor worse. +No one will say a word against Jucundus; he will not lose a single +customer, or be shunned by a single jolly companion, for the exposure of +his nephew. But a man can’t be saved against his will. Here am I, full of +expedients and resources for his good; there is he, throwing cold water on +everything, and making difficulties as if he loved them. It’s his +abominable pride, that’s the pith of the matter. He could not have behaved +worse though I had played the bully with him, and had reproached him with +his Christianity. But I have studiously avoided every subject which could +put his back up. He’s a very Typhon or Enceladus for pride. Here he’d give +his ears to have done with Christianity; he wants to have this Callista; +he wants to buy her at the price of his religion; but he’d rather be +burned than say, I’ve changed! Let him reap as he has sown; why should I +coax him further to be merciful to himself? Well Agellius,” he said aloud, +“I’m going back.” + +Agellius, on the other hand, had his own thoughts; and the most urgent of +them at the moment was sorrow that he had hurt his uncle. He was sincerely +attached to him, in consequence of his faithful guardianship, his many +acts of kindness, the reminiscences of childhood, nay, the love he bore to +the good points of his character. To him he owed his education and his +respectable position. He could not bear his anger, and he had a fear of +his authority; but what was to be done? Jucundus, in utter insensibility +to certain instincts and rules which in Christianity are first principles, +had, without intending it, been greatly dishonouring Agellius, and his +passion, and the object of it. Uncle and nephew had been treading on each +other’s toes, and each was wincing under the mischance. It was Agellius’s +place, as the younger, to make advances, if he could, to an adjustment of +the misunderstanding; and he wished to find some middle way. And, also, it +is evident he had another inducement besides his tenderness to Jucundus to +urge him to do so. In truth, Callista exerted a tremendous sway over him. +The conversation which had just passed ought to have opened his eyes, and +made him understand that the very first step in any negotiations between +them was her _bonâ fide_ conversion. It was evident he could not, he +literally had not the power of marrying her as a heathen. Roman might +marry a Roman; but a degradation of each party in the transaction was the +only way by which a Roman could make any sort of marriage with a Greek. If +she were converted, they would be both of them under the rules of the +Catholic Church. But what prospect was there of so happy an event? What +had ever fallen from her lips which looked that way? Could not a clever +girl throw herself into the part of Alcestis, or chant the majestic verses +of Cleanthes, or extemporize a hymn upon the spring, or hold an argument +on the _pulchrum_ and _utile_, without having any leaning towards +Christianity? A calm, sweet voice, a noble air, an expressive countenance, +refined and decorous manners, were these specific indications of heavenly +grace? Ah, poor Agellius! a fascination is upon you; and so you are +thinking of some middle term, which is to reconcile your uncle and you; +and therefore you begin as follows:— + +“I see by your silence, Jucundus, that you are displeased with me, you who +are always so kind. Well, it comes from my ignorance of things; it does +indeed. I ask your forgiveness for anything which seemed ungrateful in my +behaviour, though there is not ingratitude in my heart. I am too much of a +boy to see things beforehand, and to see them in all their bearings. You +took me by surprise by talking on the subject which led to our +misunderstanding. I will not conceal for an instant that I like Callista +very much; and that the more I see her, I like her the more. It strikes me +that, if you break the matter to Aristo, he and I might have some talk +together, and understand each other.” + +Jucundus was hot-tempered, but easily pacified; and he really did wish to +be on confidential terms with his nephew at the present crisis; so he +caught at his apology. “Now you speak like a reasonable fellow, Agellius,” +he answered. “Certainly, I will speak to Aristo, as you wish; and on this +question of _consuetudo_ or prescription. Well, don’t begin looking queer +again. I mean I will speak to him on the whole question and its details. +He and I will talk together for our respective principals. We shall soon +come to terms, I warrant you; and then _you_ shall talk with him. Come, +show me round your fields,” he continued, “and let me see how you will be +able to present things to your bride. A very pretty property it is. I it +was who was the means of your father thinking of it. You have heard me say +so before now, and all the circumstances. + +“He was at Carthage at this time, undecided what to do with himself. It so +happened that Julia Clara’s estates were just then in the market. An +enormous windfall her estates were. Old Didius was emperor just before my +time; he gave all his estates to his daughter as soon as he assumed the +purple. Poor lady! she did not enjoy them long; Severus confiscated the +whole, not, however, for the benefit of the state, but of the _res +privata_. They are so large in Africa alone, that, as you know, you are +under a special procurator. Well, they did not come into the market at +once; the existing farmers were retained. Marcus Juventius farmed a very +considerable portion of them; they were contiguous, and dovetailed into +his own lands, and accordingly, when he got into trouble, and had to sell +his leases, there were certain odds and ends about Sicca which it was +proposed to lease piecemeal. Your employer, Varius, would have given any +money for them, but I was beforehand with him. Nothing like being on the +spot; he was on business of the proconsul at Adrumetum. I sent off Hispa +instantly to Strabo; not an hour’s delay after I heard of it. The sale was +at Carthage; he went to his old commander, who used his influence, and the +thing was done. + +“I venture to say there’s not such a snug little farm in all Africa; and I +am sanguine we shall get a renewal, though Varius will do his utmost to +outbid us. Ah, my dear Agellius, if there is but a suspicion you are not a +thorough-going Roman! Well, well,—here! ease me through this gate, +Agellius; I don’t know what’s come to the gate since I was here. +Indeed!—yes! you have improved this very much. That small arbour is +delicious; but you want an image, an Apollo or a Diana. Ah! do now stop +for a moment; why are you going forward at such a pace? I’ll give you an +image: it shall be one that you will really like. Well, you won’t have it? +I beg you ten thousand pardons. Ha, ha! I mean nothing. Ha, ha, ha! Oh, +what an odd world it is! Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha! Well, I am keeping you from +your labourers. Ha, ha, ha!” + +And having thus smoothed his own ruffled temper, and set things right, as +he considered, with Agellius, the old pagan took his journey homewards, +assuring Agellius that he would make all things clear for him in a very +short time, and telling him to be sure to make a call upon Aristo before +the ensuing calends. + + + + + + CHAPTER X. + + + THE DIVINE CALLISTA. + + +The day came which Agellius had fixed for paying his promised visit to +Aristo. It is not to be denied that, in the interval, the difficulties of +the business which occasioned his visit had increased upon his +apprehensions. Callista was not yet a Christian, nor was there any reason +for saying that a proposal of marriage would make her one; and a strange +sort of convert she would be, if it did. He would not suffer himself to +dwell upon difficulties which he was determined never should be realized. +No; of course a heathen he could not marry, but a heathen Callista should +not be. He did not see the process, but he was convinced she would become +a Christian. Yet somehow so it was, that, if he was able to stultify his +reason, he did not quite succeed to his satisfaction with his conscience. +Every morning found him less satisfied with himself, and more disposed to +repent of having allowed his uncle to enter on the subject with Aristo. +But it was a thing done and over; he must either awkwardly back out, or he +must go on. His middle term, as he hastily had considered it, was nothing +else than siding with his uncle, and committing himself to go all lengths, +unless some difficulty rose with the other party. Yet could he really wish +that the step had not been taken? Was it not plain that if he was to put +away Callista from his affections, he must never go near her? And was he +to fall back on his drear solitude, and lose that outlet of thought and +relief of mind which he had lately found in the society of his Greek +friends? + +We may easily believe that he was not very peaceful in heart when he set +out on that morning to call upon Aristo; yet he would not allow that he +was doing wrong. He recurred to the pleasant imagination that Callista +would certainly become a Christian, and dwelt pertinaciously upon it. He +could not tell on what it was founded; he knew enough of his religion not +to mean that she was too good to be a heathen; so it is to be supposed he +meant that he discerned what he hoped were traces of some supernatural +influence operating upon her mind. He had a perception, which he could not +justify by argument, that there was in Callista a promise of something +higher than anything she yet was. He felt a strange sympathy with her, +which certainly unless he utterly deceived himself, was not based on +anything merely natural or human,—a sympathy the more remarkable from the +contrariety which existed between them in matters of religious belief. And +hope having blown this large and splendid bubble, sent it sailing away, +and it rose upon the buoyant atmosphere of youth, beautiful to behold. + +And yet, as Agellius ascended the long flight of marble steps which led +the foot-passenger up into that fair city, while the morning sun was +glancing across them, and surveyed the outline of the many sumptuous +buildings which crested and encircled the hill, did he not know full well +that iniquity was written on its very walls, and spoke a solemn warning to +a Christian heart to go out of it, to flee it, not to take up a home in +it, not to make alliance with anything in it? Did he not know from +experience full well that, when he got into it, his glance could no longer +be unrestrained, or his air free; but that it would be necessary for him +to keep a control upon his senses, and painfully guard himself against +what must either be a terror to him and an abhorrence, or a temptation? +Enter in imagination into a town like Sicca, and you will understand the +great Apostle’s anguish at seeing a noble and beautiful city given up to +idolatry. Enter it, and you will understand why it was that the poor +priest, of whom Jucundus spoke so bitterly, hung his head, and walked with +timid eyes and clouded brow through the joyous streets of Carthage. +Hitherto we have only been conducting heathens through it, boys or men, +Jucundus, Arnobius, and Firmian; but now a Christian enters it with a +Christian’s heart and a Christian’s hope. + +Well is it for us, dear reader, that we in this age do not experience—nay, +a blessed thing that we cannot even frame to ourselves in imagination—the +actual details of evil which hung as an atmosphere over the cities of +Pagan Rome. An Apostle calls the tongue “a fire, a world of iniquity, +untameable, a restless evil, a deadly poison;” and surely what he says +applies to hideous thoughts represented to the eye, as well as when they +are made to strike upon the ear. Unfortunate Agellius! what takes you into +the city this morning? Doubtless some urgent, compulsive duty; otherwise +you would not surely be threading its lanes or taking the circuit of its +porticoes, amid sights which now shock and now allure; fearful sights—not +here and there, but on the stateliest structures and in the meanest +hovels, in public offices and private houses, in central spots and at the +corners of the streets, in bazaars and shops and house-doors, in the +rudest workmanship and in the highest art, in letters or in emblems or in +paintings—the insignia and the pomp of Satan and of Belial, of a reign of +corruption and a revel of idolatry which you can neither endure nor +escape. Wherever you go it is all the same; in the police-court on the +right, in the military station on the left, in the crowd around the +temple, in the procession with its victims and its worshippers who walk to +music, in the language of the noisy market-people; wherever you go, you +are accosted, confronted, publicly, shamelessly, now as if a precept of +religion, now as if a homage to nature, by all which, as a Christian, you +shrink from and abjure. + +It is no accident of the season or of the day; it is the continuous +tradition of some thousands of years; it is the very orthodoxy of the +myriads who have lived and died there. There was a region once, in an +early age, lying upon the Eastern Sea, which is said at length to have +vomited out its inhabitants for their frightful iniquity. They, thus cast +forth, took ship, and passed over to the southern coast; and then, +gradually settling and spreading into the interior, they peopled the woody +plains and fertile slopes of Africa, and filled it with their cities. +Sicca is one of these set up in sin; and at the time of which we write +that sin was basking under the sun, and rioting and extending itself to +its amplest dimensions, like some glittering serpent or spotted pard of +the neighbourhood, without interposition from heaven or earth in +correction of so awful a degradation. In such scenes of unspeakable +pollution, our Christian forefathers perforce lived; through such a scene, +though not taking part in it, Agellius, blessed with a country home, is +unnecessarily passing. + +He has reached the house, or rather the floor, to which he has been making +his way. It is at the back of the city, where the rock is steep; and it +looks out upon the plain and the mountain range to the north. Its inmates, +Aristo and Callista, are engaged in their ordinary work of moulding or +carving, painting or gilding the various articles which the temples or the +private shrines of the established religion required. Aristo has received +from Jucundus the overtures which Agellius had commissioned him to make, +and finds, as he anticipated, that they are no great news to his sister. +She perfectly understands what is going on, but does not care to speak +much upon it, till Agellius makes his appearance. As they sit at work, +Aristo speaks:— + +“Agellius will make his appearance here this morning. I say, Callista, +what can he be coming for?” + +“Why, if your news be true, that the Christians are coming into trouble, +of course he means to purchase, as a blessing on him, some of these bits +of gods.” + +“You are sharp enough, my little sister,” answered Aristo, “to know +perfectly well who is the goddess he is desirous of purchasing.” + +Callista laughed carelessly, but made no reply. + +“Come, child,” Aristo continued, “don’t be cruel to him. Wreath a garland +for him by the time he comes. He’s well to do, and modest withal, and +needs encouragement.” + +“He’s well enough,” said Callista. + +“I say he’s a fellow too well off to be despised as a lover,” proceeded +her brother, “and it would be a merit with the gods to rid him of his +superstition.” + +“Not much of a Christian,” she made answer, “if he is set upon me.” + +“For whose sake has he been coming here so often, mine or yours, +Callista?” + +“I am tired of such engagements,” she replied. She went on with her +painting, and several times seemed as if she would have spoken, but did +not. Then, without interrupting her work, she said calmly, “Time was, it +gratified my conceit and my feelings to have hangers on. Indeed, without +them, how should we have had means to come here? But there’s a weariness +in all things.” + +“A weariness! Where is this bad humour to end?” cried Aristo; “it has been +a long fit; shake it off while you can, or it will be too much for you. +What can you mean? a weariness! You are over young to bid youth farewell. +Aching hearts for aching bones. So young and so perverse! We must take +things as the gods give them. You will ask for them in vain when you are +old. One day above, another day beneath; one while young, another while +old. Enjoy life while you have it in your hand.” He had said this as he +worked. Then he stopped, and turned round to her, with his graving-tool in +his hand. “Recollect old Lesbia, how she used to squeak out to me, with +her nodding head and trembling limbs”—here he mimicked the old crone—“ ‘My +boy, take your pleasure while you can. I can’t take pleasure—my day is +over; but I don’t reproach myself. I had a merry time of it while it +lasted. Time stops for no one, but I did my best; I don’t reproach +myself.’ There’s the true philosopher, though a slave; more outspoken than +Æsop, more practical than Epictetus.” + +Callista began singing to herself:— + + “I wander by that river’s brink + Which circles Pluto’s drear domain; + I feel the chill night breeze, and think + Of joys which ne’er shall be again. + + “I count the weeds that fringe the shore, + Each sluggish wave that rolls and rolls; + I hear the ever-splashing oar + Of Charon, ferryman of souls. + +“Heigho!” she continued, “little regret, but much dread. The young have to +fear more than the old have to mourn over. The future outweighs the past. +Life is not so sweet as death is bitter. It is hard to quit the light, the +light of heaven.” + +“Callistidion!” he said, impatiently; “my girl, this is preposterous. How +long is this to go on? We must take you to Carthage; there is more trade +there, if we can get it; and it will be on the bright, far-resounding sea. +And I will turn rhetorician, and you shall feed my classes.” + +“O beautiful, divine light,” she continued, “what a loss! O, to think that +one day I must lose you for ever! At home I used to lie awake at night +longing for the morning, and crying out for the god of day. It was like +choice wine to me, a cup of Chian, the first streaks of the Aurora, and I +could hardly bear his bright coming, when he came to me like Semele, for +rapture. How gloriously did he shoot over the hills! and then anon he +rested awhile on the snowy summit of Olympus, as in some luminous shrine, +gladdening the Phrygian plain. Fair, bright-haired god! thou art my +worship, if Callista worships aught: but somehow I worship nothing now. I +am weary.” + +“Well,” said her brother in a soothing tone, “it is a change. That light, +elastic air, that transparent heaven, that fresh temperate breeze, that +majestic sea! Africa is not Greece; O, the difference! That’s it, +Callista; it is the _nostalgia_; you are home-sick.” + +“It may be so,” she said; “I do not well know what I would have. Yes, the +poisonous dews, the heavy heat, the hideous beasts, the green +fever-gendering swamps. This vast thickly-wooded plain, like some +mysterious labyrinth, oppresses and disquiets me with its very richness. +The luxuriant foliage, the tall, rank plants, the deep, close lanes, I do +not see my way through them, and I pant for breath. I only breathe freely +on this hill. O, how unlike Greece, with the clear, soft, delicate +colouring of its mountains, and the pure azure or the purple of its +waters!” + +“But, my dear Callista,” interrupted her brother, “recollect you are not +in those oppressive, gloomy forests, but in Sicca, and no one asks you to +penetrate them. And if you want mountains, I think those on the horizon +are bare enough.” + +“And the race of man,” she continued, “is worse than all. Where is the +genius of our bright land? where its intelligence, playfulness, grace, and +noble bearing? Here hearts are as black as brows, and smiles as +treacherous as the adders of the wood. The natives are crafty and +remorseless; they never relax; they have no cheerfulness or mirth; their +very love is a furnace, and their sole ecstasy is revenge.” + +“No country like home to any of us,” said Aristo; “yet here you are. Habit +would be a second nature if you were here long enough; your feelings would +become acclimated, and would find a new home. People get to like the +darkness of the extreme north in course of time. The painted Britons, the +Cimmerians, the Hyperboreans, are content never to see the sun at all, +which is your god. Here your own god reigns; why quarrel with him?” + +“The sun of Greece is light,” answered Callista; “the sun of Africa is +fire. I am no fire-worshipper.” + +“I suspect even Styx and Phlegethon are tolerable, at length,” said her +brother, “if Phlegethon and Styx there be, as the poets tell us.” + +“The cold, foggy Styx is the north,” said Callista, “and the south is the +scorching, blasting Phlegethon, and Greece, clear, sweet, and sunny, is +the Elysian fields.” And she continued her improvisations:— + + “Where are the islands of the blest? + They stud the Ægean sea; + And where the deep Elysian rest? + It haunts the vale where Peneus strong + Pours his incessant stream along, + While craggy ridge and mountain bare + Cut keenly through the liquid air, + And, in their own pure tints arrayed, + Scorn earth’s green robes which change and fade, + And stand in beauty undecayed, + Guards of the bold and free.” + +“A lower flight, if you please, just now,” said Aristo, interrupting her. +“I do really wish a serious word with you about Agellius. He’s a fellow I +can’t help liking, in spite of his misanthropy. Let me plead his cause. +Like him or not yourself, still he has a full purse; and you will do a +service to yourself and to the gods of Greece, and to him too, if you will +smile on him. Smile on him at least for a time; we will go to Carthage +when you are tired. His looks have very little in them of a Christian +left; you may blow it away with your breath.” + +“One might do worse than be a Christian,” she answered slowly, “if all is +true that I have heard of them.” + +Aristo started up in irritation. “By all the gods of Olympus,” he said, +“this is intolerable! If a man wants a tormentor, I commend him to a girl +like you. What has ailed thee some time past, you silly child? What have I +done to you that you should have got so cross and contrary and so hard to +please?” + +“I mean,” she said, “if I were a Christian, life would be more bearable.” + +“Bearable!” he echoed; “bearable! ye gods! more bearable to have Styx and +Tartarus, the Furies and their snakes, in this world as well as in the +next? to have evil within and without, to hate one’s self and to be hated +of all men! to live the life of an ass, and to die the death of a dog! +Bearable! But hark! I hear Agellius’s step on the staircase. Callista, +dear Callista, be yourself. Listen to reason.” + +But Callista would not listen to reason, if her brother was its +embodiment; but went on with her singing:— + + “For what is Afric but the home + Of burning Phlegethon? + What the low beach and silent gloom, + And chilling mists of that dull river, + Along whose bank the thin ghosts shiver, + The thin, wan ghosts that once were men, + But Tauris, isle of moor and fen; + Or, dimly traced by seaman’s ken, + The pale-cliffed Albion?” + +Here she stopped, looked down, and busied herself with her work. + + + + + + CHAPTER XI. + + + CALLISTA’S PREACHING, AND WHAT CAME OF IT. + + +It is undeniably a solemn moment, under any circumstances, and requires a +strong heart, when any one deliberately surrenders himself, soul and body, +to the keeping of another while life shall last; and this, or something +like this, reserving the supreme claim of duty to the Creator, is the +matrimonial contract. In individual cases it may be made without thought +or distress, but surveyed objectively, and as carried out into a +sufficient range of instances, it is so tremendous an undertaking that +nature seems to sink under its responsibilities. When the Christian binds +himself by vows to a religious life, he makes a surrender to Him who is +all-perfect, and whom he may unreservedly trust. Moreover, looking at that +surrender on its human side, he has the safeguard of distinct _provisos_ +and regulations, and of the principles of theology, to secure him against +tyranny on the part of his superiors. But what shall be his encouragement +to make himself over, without condition or stipulation, as an absolute +property, to a fallible being, and that not for a season, but for life? +The mind shrinks from such a sacrifice, and demands that, as religion +enjoins it, religion should sanction and bless it. It instinctively +desires that either the bond should be dissoluble, or that the subjects of +it should be sacramentally strengthened to maintain it. “So help me God,” +the formula of every oath, is emphatically necessary here. + +But Agellius is contemplating a superhuman engagement without superhuman +assistance; and that in a state of society in which public opinion, which +in some sense compensates for the absence of religion, supplied human +motives, not for, but against keeping it, and with one who had given no +indication that she understood what marriage meant. No wonder then, that, +in spite of his simplicity, his sanguine temperament, and his delusion, +the more he thought of the step he had taken, the more unsatisfactory he +found it, and the nearer he grew to the time when he must open the subject +with Aristo, the less he felt able to do so. In consequence he was in a +distress of mind, as he ascended the staircase which led to his friend’s +lodging, to which his anxiety, as he mounted the hill on the other side of +the city, was tranquillity itself; and, except that he was coming by +engagement, he would have turned back, and for the time at least have put +the whole subject from his thoughts. Yet even then, as often as Callista +rose in his mind’s eye, his scruples and misgivings vanished before the +beauty of that image, as mists before the sun; and when he actually stood +in her sweet presence, it seemed as if some secret emanation from her +flowed in upon his heart, and he stood breathless and giddy under the +intensity of the fascination. + +However, the reader must not suppose that in the third century of our era +such negotiations as that which now seems to be on the point of coming off +between Callista and Agellius, were embellished with those transcendental +sentiments and that magnificent ceremonial with which chivalry has +invested them in these latter ages. There was little occasion then for +fine speaking or exquisite deportment; and if there had been, we, who are +the narrators of these hitherto unrecorded transactions, should have been +utterly unable to do justice to them. At that time of day the Christian +had too much simplicity, the heathen too little of real delicacy, to +indulge in the sublimities of modern love-making, at least as it is found +in novels; and in the case before us both gentleman and lady will be +thought, we consider, sadly matter-of-fact, or rather semi-barbarous, by +the votaries of what is just now called European civilization. + +On Agellius’s entering the room, Aristo was pacing to and fro in some +discomposure; however, he ran up to his friend, embraced him, and, looking +at him with significance, congratulated him on his good looks. “There is +more fire in your eye,” he said, “dear Agellius, and more eloquence in the +turn of your lip, than I have ever yet seen. A new spirit is in you. So +you are determined to come out of your solitude? That you should have been +able to exist in it so long is the wonderment to me.” + +Agellius had recovered himself, yet he dared not look again on Callista. +“Do not jest, Aristo,” he said; “I am come, as you know, to talk to you +about your sister. I have brought her a present of flowers; they are my +best present, or rather not mine, but the birth of the opening year, as +fair and fragrant as herself.” + +“We will offer them to our Pallas Athene,” said his friend, “to whom we +artists are especially devout.” And he would have led Agellius on, and +made him place them in her niche in the opposite wall. + +“I am more serious than you are,” said Agellius; “and I have brought the +best my garden contains as an offering to your sister. _She_ will not +think I bring them for any other purpose. Where are you going?” he +continued, as he saw his friend take down his broad _petasus_. + +“Why,” answered Aristo, “since I am so poor an interpreter of your +meaning, you can dispense with me altogether. I will leave you to speak +for yourself, and meanwhile will go and see what old Dromo has to tell, +before the sun is too high in the heavens.” + +Saying this, with a half-imploring, half-satirical look at his sister, he +set off to the barber’s at the Forum. + +Agellius took up the flowers, and laid them on the table before her, as +she sat at work. “Do you accept my flowers, Callista?” he asked. + +“Fair and fragrant, like myself, are they?” she made reply. “Give them to +me.” She took them, and bent over them. “The blushing rose,” she said, +gravely, “the stately lily, the royal carnation, the golden moly, the +purple amaranth, the green bryon, the diosanthos, the sertula, the sweet +modest saliunca, fit emblems of Callista. Well, in a few hours they will +have faded; yes, they will get more and more like her.” + +She paused and looked him steadily in the face, and then continued: +“Agellius, I once had a slave who belonged to your religion. She had been +born in a Christian family, and came into my possession on her master’s +death. She was unlike any one I have seen before or since; she cared for +nothing, yet was not morose or peevish or hard-hearted. She died young in +my service. Shortly before her end she had a dream. She saw a company of +bright shades, clothed in white, like the hours which circle round the god +of day. They were crowned with flowers, and they said to each other, +‘_She_ ought to have a token too.’ So they took her hand, and led her to a +most beautiful lady, as stately as Juno and as sweet as Ariadne, so +radiant in countenance that they themselves suddenly looked like +Ethiopians by the side of her. She, too, was crowned with flowers, and +these so dazzling that they might be the stars of heaven or the gems of +Asia for what Chione could tell. And that fair goddess (angel you call +her) said, ‘My dear, here is something for you from my Son. He sends you +by me a red rose for your love, a white lily for your chastity, purple +violets to strew your grave, and green palms to flourish over it.’ Is this +the reason why you give me flowers, Agellius, that I may rank with Chione? +and is this their interpretation?” + +“Callista,” he answered, “it is my heart’s most fervent wish, it is my +mind’s vivid anticipation, that the day may come when you will receive +such a crown, nay, a brighter one.” + +“And you are come, of course, to philosophize to me, and to put me in the +way of dying like Chione,” she made answer. “I implore your pardon. You +are offering me flowers, it seems, not for a bridal wreath, but for a +funeral urn.” + +“Is it wonderful,” said Agellius, “that the two wishes should have gone +together in my heart; and that while I trusted and prayed that you might +have the same Master in heaven as I have myself, I also hoped you would +have the same service, the same aims, the same home upon earth?” + +“And that you should speak one word for your Master and two for yourself!” +she retorted. + +“It has been by feeling how much you could be to me,” he answered, “that I +have been led to think how much my Master may be doing for you already, +and how much in time to come you might do for Him. Callista, do not urge +me with your Greek subtlety, or expect me to analyze my feelings more +precisely than I have the ability to do. May I calmly tell you the state +of my mind, as I do know it, and will you patiently listen?” + +She signified her willingness, and he continued—“This only I know,” he +said, “what I have experienced ever since I first heard you converse, that +there is between you and me a unity of thought so strange that I should +have deemed it could not have been, before I found it actually to exist, +between any two persons whatever; and which, widely as we are separated in +opinion and habit, and differently as we have been brought up, is to me +inexplicable. I find it difficult to explain what I mean; we disagree +certainly on the most important subjects, yet there is an unaccountable +correspondence in the views we take of things, in our impressions, in the +line in which our minds move, and the issues to which they come, in our +judgment of what is great and little, and the manner in which objects +affect our feelings. When I speak to my uncle, when I speak to your +brother, I do not understand them, nor they me. We are moving in different +spheres, and I am solitary, however much they talk. But to my +astonishment, I find between you and me one language. Is it wonderful +that, in proportion to my astonishment, I am led to refer it to one cause, +and think that one Master Hand must have engraven those lines on the soul +of each of us? Is it wonderful that I should fancy that He who has made us +alike has made us for each other, and that the very same persuasives by +which I bring you to cast your eyes on me, may draw you also to cast +yourself in adoration at the feet of my Master?” + +For an instant tears seemed about to start from Callista’s eyes, but she +repressed the emotion, if it were such, and answered with impetuosity, +“Your Master! who is your Master? what know I of your Master? what have +you ever told me of your Master? I suppose it is an esoteric doctrine +which I am not worthy to know; but so it is, here you have been again and +again, and talked freely of many things, yet I am in as much darkness +about your Master as if I had never seen you. I know He died; I know too +that Christians say He lives. In some fortunate island, I suppose; for, +when I have asked, you have got rid of the subject as best you could. You +have talked about your law and your various duties, and what you consider +right, and what is forbidden, and of some of the old writers of your sect, +and of the Jews before them; but if, as you imply, my wants and +aspirations are the same as yours, what have you done towards satisfying +them? what have you done for that Master towards whom you now propose to +lead me? No!” she continued, starting up, “you have watched those wants +and aspirations for yourself, not for Him; you have taken interest in +them, you have cherished them, as if you were the author, you the object +of them. You profess to believe in One True God, and to reject every +other; and now you are implying that the Hand, the Shadow of that God is +on my mind and heart. Who is this God? where? how? in what? O Agellius, +you have stood in the way of Him, ready to speak for yourself, using Him +as a means to an end.” + +“O Callista,” said Agellius, in an agitated voice, when he could speak, +“do my ears hear aright? do you really wish to be taught who the true God +is?” + +“No, mistake me not,” she cried passionately, “I have no such wish. I +could not be of your religion. Ye Gods! how have I been deceived! I +thought every Christian was like Chione. I thought there could not be a +cold Christian. Chione spoke as if a Christian’s first thoughts were +goodwill to others; as if his state were of such blessedness, that his +dearest heart’s wish was to bring others into it. Here is a man who, so +far from feeling himself blest, thinks I can bless him! comes to me—me, +Callista, a herb of the field, a poor weed, exposed to every wind of +heaven, and shrivelling before the fierce sun—to me he comes to repose his +heart upon. But as for any blessedness he has to show me, why, since he +does not feel any himself, no wonder he has none to give away. I thought a +Christian was superior to time and place; but all is hollow. Alas, alas, I +am young in life to feel the force of that saying, with which sages go out +of it, ‘Vanity and hollowness!’ Agellius, when I first heard you were a +Christian, how my heart beat! I thought of her who was gone; and at first +I thought I saw her in you, as if there had been some magical sympathy +between you and her; and I hoped that from you I might have learned more +of that strange strength which my nature needs, and which she told me she +possessed. Your words, your manner, your looks were altogether different +from others who came near me. But so it was; you came, and you went, and +came again; I thought it reserve, I thought it timidity, I thought it the +caution of a persecuted sect; but O, my disappointment, when first I saw +in you indications that you were thinking of me only as others think, and +felt towards me as others may feel; that you were aiming at me, not at +your God; that you had much to tell of yourself, but nothing of Him! Time +was I might have been led to worship you, Agellius; you have hindered it +by worshipping _me_.” + +It is not often, we suppose, that such deep offence is given to a lady by +the sort of admiration of which Agellius had been guilty in the case of +Callista; however, startled as he might be, and startled and stung he was, +there was too much earnestness in her distress, too much of truth in her +representations, too much which came home to his heart and conscience, to +allow of his being affronted or irritated. She had but supplied the true +interpretation of the misgiving which had haunted him that morning, from +the time he set out till the moment of his entering the room. Jucundus +some days back had readily acquiesced in his assurance that he was not +inconsistent; but Callista had not been so indulgent, though really more +merciful. There was a pause in the conversation, or rather in her +outpouring; each had bitter thoughts, and silently devoured them. At +length, she began again:— + +“So the religion of Chione is a dream; now for four years I had hoped it +was a reality. All things again are vanity; I had hoped there was +something somewhere more than I could see; but there is nothing. Here am I +a living, breathing woman, with an over-flowing heart, with keen +affections, with a yearning after some object which may possess me. I +cannot exist without something to rest upon. I cannot fall back upon that +drear, forlorn state, which philosophers call wisdom, and moralists call +virtue. I cannot enrol myself a votary of that cold Moon, whose arrows do +but freeze me. I cannot sympathize in that majestic band of sisters whom +Rome has placed under the tutelage of Vesta. I must have something to +love; love is my life. Why do you come to me, Agellius, with your +every-day gallantry. Can you compete with the noble Grecian forms which +have passed before my eyes? Is your voice more manly, are its tones more +eloquent, than those which have thrilled through my ears since I ceased to +be a child? Can you add perfume to the feast by your wit, or pour sunshine +over grot and rushing stream by your smile? _What_ can you give me? There +was one thing which I thought you _could_ have given me, better than +anything else; but it is a shadow. You have nothing to give. You have +thrown me back upon my dreary, dismal self, and the deep wounds of my +memory.... Poor, poor Agellius! but it was not his fault, it could not be +helped,” she continued, as if in thought; “it could not be helped; for, if +he had nothing to give, how could he give it? After all, he wanted +something to love, just as I did; and he could find nothing better than +me.... And they thought to persuade her to spend herself upon him, as she +had spent herself upon others. Yes, it was Jucundus and Aristo—my brother, +even my own brother. They thought not of _me_.” Here her tears gushed out +violently, and she abandoned herself to a burst of emotion. “They were +thinking of _him_. I had hoped he could lead me to what was higher; but +woe, woe!” she cried, wringing her hands, “they thought I was only fit to +bring him low. Well; after all, _is_ Callista really good for much more +than the work they have set her to do?” + +She was absorbed in her own misery in an intense sense of degradation, in +a keen consciousness of the bondage of nature, in a despair of ever +finding what alone could give meaning to her existence, and an object to +her intellect and affections. And Agellius on the other hand, what +surprise, remorse, and humiliation came upon him! It was a strange +contrast, the complaint of nature unregenerate on the one hand, the +self-reproach of nature regenerate and lapsing on the other. At last he +spoke, and they were his last words. + +“Callista,” he said, “whatever injury I may have unwillingly inflicted +upon you, you at least have returned me good for evil, and have made +yourself my benefactress. Certainly, I now know myself better than I did; +and He who has made use of you as His instrument of mercy towards me, will +not forget to reward you tenfold. One word will I say for myself; nay, not +for myself, but for my Master. Do not for an instant suppose that what you +thought of the Christian religion is not true. It reveals a present God, +who satisfies every affection of the heart, yet keeps it pure. I serve a +Master,” he continued, blushing from modesty and earnestness as he spoke, +“I serve a Master whose love is stronger than created love. God help my +inconsistency! but I never meant to love you as I love Him. You are +destined for His love. I commit you to Him, your true Lord, whom I never +ought to have rivalled, for whom I ought simply to have pleaded. Though I +am not worthy to approach you, I shall trace you at a distance, who knows +where? perhaps even to the prison and to the arena of those who confess +the Saviour of men, and dare to suffer and die for His name. And now, +farewell; to His keeping and that of His holy martyrs I commit you.” + +He did not trust himself to look at her as he turned to the door, and left +the room. + + + + + + CHAPTER XII. + + + A DEATH. + + +The first stages of repentance are but a fever, in which there is +restlessness and thirst, hot and cold fits, vague, dreary dreams, long +darkness which seems destined never to have a morning, effort without +result, and collapse without reaction. These symptoms had already +manifested themselves in Agellius; he spoke calmly to Callista, and +sustained himself by the claims of the moment; but no sooner had he left +the room and was thrown upon himself, than his self-possession left him, +and he fell into an agony, or rather anarchy of tumultuous feelings. Then +rose up before his mind a hundred evil spectres, not less scaring and more +real than the dreams of the delirious. He thought of the singular favour +which had been shown him in his reception into the Christian fold, and +that at so early a date; of the myriads all around who continued in +heathenism as they had been born, and of his utter insensibility to his +own privilege. He felt how much would be required of him, and how little +hitherto had been forthcoming. He thought of the parable of the barren +fig-tree, and the question was whispered in his ear whether it would not +be fulfilled in him. He asked himself in what his heart and his conduct +differed from the condition of a fairly virtuous heathen. And then he +thought of Callista in contrast with himself, as having done more with the +mite which she possessed than he had done with many pounds. He felt that +Tyre and Sidon were rising up against him in her person; or rather how the +saying seemed about to be verified in her, that strangers should sit down +in the kingdom from far countries, while those who were the heirs should +be thrust out. He had been rebuked by one to whom he rather ought to have +brought self-knowledge and compunction, and she was sensitively alive to +his want of charity. She had felt bitterly that she was left in ignorance +and sin by one who had what she had not. She had accused him of being +zealous enough to win her to himself, when he had shown no zeal at all to +win her to her Maker. If she was brought to the truth at length, there +would be no thanks to him for the happy change; yet on the other hand, +though he had predicted it, alas! was it likely that it would be granted? +Had she not had her opportunity, which was lost because he had not +improved it? Yes, she had with a deliberate mind and in set words put +aside and taken leave of that which she once desired and hoped might have +been her own, sorrowfully indeed, but peremptorily, as firmly persisting +in rejecting it, as she might have persisted in maintaining it; and, if +she died in infidelity, horrible thought! would not the burden lie on him, +and was this to be the token of the love which he pretended to entertain +for her? + +What was he living for? what was the work he had set himself to do? Did he +live to plant flowers, or to rear fruit, to maintain himself and to make +money? Was that a time to pride himself on vineyards and oliveyards, when, +like Eliseus, he was one among myriads who were in unbelief? Ah, the +difference between a saint and him? Of what good was he on earth; why +should not he die? why so chary of his life? why preserve his wretched +life at all? Could he not do more by giving it than by keeping it? Might +it not have been given him perchance for the very purpose that he might +sacrifice it for Him who had given it? He had been timid about making a +profession of his faith, which might have led to prison and death; but +perhaps the very object of his life in the divine purpose, the very reason +of his birth, had been that, as soon as he was grown, he should die for +the truth. He might have been cut off by disease; he was not; and why, +except that he might merit in his death, and that what, in the ordinary +course of things, was a mere suffering, might in his case be an act of +service? His death might have been the conversion of thousands, of +Callista; and the fewness of his days here would have been his claim to a +blessed eternity hereafter. + +Nor Callista alone; he had natural friends, with nearer claims upon his +charity. Had he been other than he was, he might have prevailed with his +uncle; at least he might have taught him to respect the Christian Faith +and Name, and restrained him from daring to attempt, for he now saw that +it was an attempt, to seduce him into sin. He might have lodged a good +seed in his heart, which in the hour of sickness might have germinated. +And his brother again had learned to despise him; indeed he had raised in +every one who came near him the suspicion that he was not really a +Christian, that he was an apostate (he could not help uttering a cry of +anguish as he used the word), an apostate from that which was his real +life and supreme worship. + +Why did he not at once go into the Basilica or the Gymnasium, and proclaim +himself a Christian? There were rumours abroad that the new emperor was +beginning a new policy towards his religion; let him inaugurate it in +Agellius. Might he not thus perchance wash out his sin? He would be led +into the amphitheatre, as his betters had been led before him; the crowds +would yell, and the lion would be let loose upon him. He would confront +the edict, tear it down, be seized by the apparitor, and hurried to the +rack or the slow fire. Callista would hear of it, and would learn at +length he was not quite the craven and the recreant which she thought him. + +Then his thoughts took a turn. Callista! what was Callista to him? Why +should he think of her, when she was girding him to martyrdom? Was she to +be the motive which was to animate him, and her praise his reward? Alas, +alas! could he gain heaven by pleasing a heathen? “But to whom then,” he +continued, “am I to look up? who is to give me sympathy? who is to +encourage, to advise me? O my Father, pity me! a feeble child, a poor, +outcast, wandering sheep, away from the fold, torn by the briars and +thorns, and no one to bind his wounds and retrace his steps for him. Why +am I thus alone in the world? why am I without a pastor and guide? Ah, was +not this my fault in remaining in Sicca? I have no tie here; let me go to +Carthage, or to Tagaste, or to Madaura, or to Hippo. I am not fit to walk +the world by myself; I am too simple, and am no match for its artifices.” + +Here another thought took possession of him, which had as yet but crossed +his mind, and it made him colour up with confusion and terror. “They were +laying a plot for me,” he said, “my uncle and Aristo; and it is Callista +who has defeated it.” And as he spoke, he felt how much he owed to her, +and how dangerous too it was to think of his debt. Yet it would not be +wrong to pray for her; she had marred the device of which she was to have +been the agent. “Laqueus contritus est, et nos liberati sumus:” the net +was broken and he was delivered. She had refused his devotion, that he +might give it to his God; and now he would only think of her, and whisper +her name, when he was kneeling before the Blessed Mary, his advocate. O +that that second and better Eve, who brought salvation into the world, as +our first mother brought death, O that she might bear Callista’s name in +remembrance, and get it written in the Book of life! + +It was high noon; and all this time Agellius was walking in his present +excited mood, without covering to his head, under the burning rays of the +sun, not knowing which way he went, and retracing his steps, as he +wandered about at random, with a vague notion he was going homewards. The +few persons whom he met, creeping about under the shadow of the lofty +houses, or under the porticoes of the temples, looked at him with wonder, +and thought him furious or deranged. The shafts of the sun were not so hot +as his own thoughts, or as the blood which shot to and fro so fiercely in +his veins; but they were working fearfully on his physical frame, though +they could not increase the fever of his mind. He had come to the Forum; +the market people were crouching under their booths or the shelter of +their baskets. The riffraff of the city, who lived by their wits, or by +odd jobs, or on the windfalls of the market; lazy fellows who did nothing, +who did not move till hunger urged them, like the brute; half-idiotic +chewers of opium, ragged or rather naked children, the butcher boys and +scavengers of the temples, lay at their length at the mouth of the caverns +formed by the precipitous rock, or under the Arch of Triumph, or amid the +columns of the Gymnasium and the Heracleum, or in the doorways of the +shops. A scattering of beggars were lying, poor creatures, on their backs +in the blazing sun, reckless of the awful maladies, the fits, the +seizures, and the sudden death, which might be the consequence. + +Numbers out of this mixed multitude were asleep; some were looking with +dull listless eyes at the still scene, or at any accidental movements +which might vary it. They saw a figure coming nearer and nearer and wildly +passing by. Just then Agellius was diverted from his painful meditations +by hearing one of these fellows say to another, as he roused from a sort +of doze, “That’s one of them. We know them all, but very poor pickings can +be got out of them; but he has more than most. They’re a low set in +Sicca.” And then the man cried out, “Look sharp, young chap! the Furies +are at your heels, and the Fates are going before you. Look there at the +emperor; he is looking at you, as grim and sour as you could wish him.” He +spoke of the equestrian statue of Severus before the Basilica on the +right; and, attracted by his words, Agellius went up to a board which was +fixed to its base. It was an imperial edict, and it ran as follows:— + +“Cneius Trajanus Decius, Augustus; and Quintus Herennius Etruscus Decius, +Cæsar; Emperors, unconquerable and pious; by united council these:— + +“Whereas we have experienced the benefits and the gifts of the gods, and +do also enjoy the victory which they have given us over our enemies, and +moreover salubrity of seasons, and abundance in the fruits of the earth; + +“Therefore, acknowledging the aforesaid as our benefactors and the +providers of those things which are necessary for the commonwealth, we +make this our decree, that every class of the state, freemen and slaves, +the army and civilians, offer to the gods expiatory sacrifices, falling +down in supplication before them; + +“And if any one shall presume to disobey this our divine command, which we +unite in promulgating, we order that man to be thrown into chains, and to +be subjected to various tortures; + +“And should he thereupon be persuaded to reverse his disobedience, he +shall receive from us no slight honours; + +“But should he hold out in opposition, first he shall have many tortures, +and then shall be executed by the sword, or thrown into the deep sea, or +given as a prey to birds and dogs; + +“And more than all if such a person be a professor of the Christian +religion. + +“Farewell, and live happy.” + +The old man in the fable called on Death, and Death made his appearance. +We are very far indeed from meaning that Agellius uttered random words, or +spoke impatiently, when he just now expressed a wish to have the +opportunity of dying for the Faith. Nevertheless, what now met his eyes +and was transmitted through them, sentence by sentence, into his mind, was +not certainly of a nature to calm the tumult which was busy in breast and +brain; a sickness came over him, and he staggered away. The words of the +edict still met his eyes, and were of a bright red colour. The sun was +right before him, but the letters were in the sun, and the sun in his +brain. He reeled and fell heavily on the pavement. No notice was taken of +the occurrence by the spectators around him. They lazily or curiously +looked on, and waited to see if he would recover. + +How long he lay there he could not tell, when he came to himself; if it +could really be said to be coming to himself to have the power of motion, +and an instinct that he must move, and move in one direction. He managed +to rise and lean against the pedestal of the statue, and its shade by this +time protected him. Then an intense desire came upon him to get home, and +that desire gave him a temporary preternatural strength. It came upon him +as a duty to leave Sicca for his cottage, and he set off. He had a +confused notion that he must do his duty, and go straight forward, and +turn neither to the right, nor the left, and stop nowhere, but move on +steadily for his true home. But next an impression came upon him that he +was running away from persecution, and that this ought not to be, and that +he ought to face the enemy, or at least not to hide from him, but meekly +wait for him. + +As he went along the narrow streets which led down the hill towards the +city gate this thought came so powerfully upon him that at length he sat +down on a stone which projected from an open shop, and thought of +surrendering himself. He felt the benefit of the rest, and this he fancied +to be the calm of conscience consequent upon self-surrender and +resignation. It was a fruiterer’s stall, and the owner, seeing his +exhaustion, offered him some slices of a water-melon for his refreshment. +He ate one of them, and then again a vague feeling came on him that he was +in danger of idolatry, and must protest against idolatry, and that he +ought not to remain in the neighbourhood of temptation. So, throwing down +the small coin which was sufficient for payment, he continued his journey. +The rest and the refreshment of the fruit, and the continued shade which +the narrow street allowed him, allayed the fever, and for the time +recruited him, and he moved on languidly. The sun, however, was still high +in heaven, and when he got beyond the city beat down upon his head from a +cloudless sky. He painfully toiled up the ascent which led to his cottage. +He had nearly gained the gate of his homestead; he saw his old household +slave, born in his father’s house, a Christian like himself, coming to +meet him. A dizziness came over him, he lost his senses, and fell down +helplessly upon the bank. + + + + + + CHAPTER XIII. + + + AND RESURRECTION. + + +Jucundus was quite as much amused as provoked at the result of the +delicate negotiation in which he had entangled his nephew. It was a +gratification to him to find that its ill success had been owing in no +respect to any fault on the side of Agellius. He had done his part without +shrinking, and the view which he, Jucundus, had taken of his state of +mind, was satisfactorily confirmed. He had nothing to fear from Agellius, +and though he had failed in securing the guarantee which he had hoped for +his attachment to things as they were, yet in the process of failure it +had been proved that his nephew might be trusted without it. And it was a +question, whether a girl so full of whims and caprices as Callista might +after all have done him any permanent good. The absurd notion, indeed, of +her having a leaning for Christianity had been refuted by her conduct on +the occasion; still, who could rely on a clever and accomplished Greek? +There were secret societies and conspiracies in abundance, and she might +have involved so weak and innocent a fellow in some plans against the +government, now or at a future time; or might have alienated him from his +uncle, or in some way or other made a fool of him, if she had consented to +have him for her slave. Why she had rejected so eligible a suitor it was +now useless and idle to inquire; it might be that the haughty or greedy +Greek had required him to bid higher for her favourable notice. If the +negotiation had taken such a turn, then indeed there was still more +gratifying evidence of Agellius having broken from his fantastic and +peevish superstition. + +Still, however, he was not without anxiety, now that the severe measures +directed against the Christians were in progress. No overt act, indeed, +beyond the publication of the edict, had been taken in Sicca—probably +would be taken at all. The worst was, that something must be done to make +a show; he could have wished that some of the multitude of townspeople, +half suspected of Christianity, had stood firm, and suffered themselves to +be tortured and executed. One or two would have been enough; but the +magistracy got no credit with the central government for zeal and activity +if no Christians were made an example of. Yet still it was a question +whether the strong acts at Carthage and elsewhere would not suffice, +though the lesser towns did nothing. At least, while the populace was +quiet, there was nothing to press for severity. There were no rich +Christians in Sicca to tempt the cupidity of the informer or of the +magistrate; no political partisans among them, who had made enemies with +this or that class of the community. But, supposing a bad feeling to rise +in the populace, supposing the magistrates to have ill-wishers and +rivals—and what men in power had not?—who might be glad to catch them +tripping, and make a case against them at Rome, why, it must be confessed +that Agellius was nearly the only victim who could be pitched upon. He +wished Callista no harm, but, if a Christian must be found and held up _in +terrorem_, he would rather it was a person like her, without connections +and home, than the member of any decent family of Sicca, whose fair fame +would be compromised by a catastrophe. However, she was _not_ a Christian, +and Agellius _was_, at least by profession; and his fear was lest Juba +should be right in his estimate of his brother’s character. Juba had said +that Agellius could be as obstinate as he was ordinarily indolent and +yielding, and Jucundus dreaded lest, if he were rudely charged with +Christianity, and bidden to renounce it under pain of punishment, he would +rebel against the tyrannical order, and go to prison and to death out of +sheer perverseness or sense of honour. + +With these perplexities before him, he could find nothing better than the +following plan of action, which had been in his mind for some time. While +the edict remained inoperative, he would do nothing at all, and let +Agellius go on with his country occupations, which would keep him out of +the way. But if any disposition appeared of a popular commotion, or a +movement on the part of the magistracy, he determined to get possession of +Agellius, and forcibly confine him in his own house in Sicca. He hoped +that in the case of one so young, so uncommitted, he should have influence +with the municipal authorities, or at the prætorium, or in the camp (for +the camp and the prætorium were under different jurisdictions in the +proconsulate), to shelter Agellius from a public inquiry into his +religious tenets, or if this could not be, to smuggle him out of the city. +He was ready to affirm solemnly that his nephew was no Christian, though +he was touched in the head, and, from an affection parallel to +hydrophobia, to which the disciples of Galen ought to turn their +attention, was sent into convulsions on the sight of an altar. His father, +indeed, was a malignant old atheist—there was no harm in being angry with +the dead—but it was very hard the son should suffer for his father’s +offence. If he must be judged of by his parents, let him rather have the +advantage of the thorough loyalty and religiousness of his mother, a most +zealous old lady, in high repute in the neighbourhood of Sicca for her +theurgic knowledge, a staunch friend of the imperial government, which had +before now been indebted to her for important information, and as staunch +a hater of the Christians. Such was the plan of proceedings resolved on by +Jucundus before he received the news of his nephew’s serious malady. It +did not reach him till many days after; and then he did not go to see him, +first, lest he should be supposed to be in communication with him, next, +as having no respect for that romantic sort of generosity which risks the +chances of contagion for the absurd ceremony of paying a compliment. + +It was thus that Jucundus addressed himself to the present state of +affairs, and anticipated the chances of the future. As to Aristo, he had +very little personal interest in the matter. His sister might have +thwarted him in affairs which lay nearer his heart than the moral +emancipation of Agellius; and as she generally complied with his +suggestions and wishes, whatever they were, he did not grudge her her +liberty of action in this instance. Nor had the occurrence which had taken +place any great visible effect upon Callista herself. She had lost her +right to be indignant with her brother, and she resigned or rather +abandoned herself to her destiny. Her better feelings had been brought out +for the moment in her conversation with Agellius; but they were not +ordinary ones. True, she was tired, but she was the slave of the world; +and Agellius had only made her more sceptical than before that there was +any service better. So at least she said to herself; she said it was +fantastic to go elsewhere for good, and that, if life was short, then, as +her brother said, it was necessary to make the most of it. + + + +And meanwhile, what of Agellius himself? Why, it will be some little time +before Agellius will be in a condition to moralize upon anything. His +faithful slave half-carried, half-drew him into the cottage, and stretched +him upon his bed. Then, having sufficient skill for the ordinary illnesses +of the country, though this was more than an ordinary fever, he drew blood +from him, gave him a draught of herbs, and left him to the slow but safe +processes of nature to restore him. It could not be affirmed that he was +not in considerable danger of life, yet youth carries hope with it, and +his attendant had little to fear for his recovery. For some days certainly +Agellius had no apprehension of anything, except of restlessness and +distress, of sleepless nights, or dreary, miserable dreams. At length one +morning, as he was lying on his back with his eyes shut, it came into his +mind to ask himself whether Sunday would ever come. He had been accustomed +upon the first day of the week to say some particular prayers and psalms, +and unite himself in spirit with his brethren beyond seas. And then he +tried to remember the last Sunday; and the more he thought, the less he +could remember it, till he began to think that months had gone without a +Sunday. This he was certain of, that he had lost reckoning, for he had +made no notches for the days for a long while past, and unless his slave +Asper knew, there was no one to tell him. Here he got so puzzled, that it +was like one of the bad dreams which had worried him. He felt it affect +his head, and he was obliged to give up the inquiry. + +From this time his sleep was better and more refreshing for several days; +he was more collected when he was awake, and was able to ask himself why +he lay there, and what had happened to him. Then gradually his memory +began to return like the dawning of the day; the cause and the +circumstances of his recent visit to the city, point after point came up, +and he felt first wonder, and then certainty. He recollected the Forum, +and then the edict; a solemn, overpowering emotion here seized him, and +for a while he dared not think more. When he recovered, and tried to +pursue the events of the day, he found himself unequal to the task; all +was dark, except that he had some vague remembrance of thirsting, and some +one giving him to drink, and then his saying with the Psalmist, +“Transivimus per ignem et aquam.” + +He opened his eyes and looked about him. He was at home. There was some +one at the bed-head whom he could not see hanging over him, and he was too +weak to raise himself and so command a view of him. He waited patiently, +being too feeble to have any great anxiety on the subject. Presently a +voice addressed him: “You are recovering, my son,” it said. + +“Who are _you_?” said Agellius abruptly. The person spoken to applied his +mouth to Agellius’s ear, and uttered lowly several sacred names. + +Agellius would have started up had he been strong enough; he could but +sink down upon his rushes in agitation. + +“Be content to know no more at present,” said the stranger, “praise God, +as I do. You know enough for your present strength. It is your act of +obedience for the day.” + +It was a deep, clear, peaceful, authoritative voice. In his present state, +as we have said, it cost Agellius no great effort to mortify curiosity; +and the accents of that voice soothed him, and the mystery employed his +mind, and had something pleasing and attractive in it. Moreover, about the +main point there was no mystery, and could be no mistake, that he was in +the hands of a Christian ecclesiastic. + +The stranger occupied himself for a time with a book of prayers which he +carried about him, and then again with the duties of a sick-bed. He +sprinkled vinegar over Agellius’s face and about the room, and supplied +him with the refreshment of cooling fruit. He kept the flies from +tormenting him, and did his best so to arrange his posture that he might +suffer least from his long lying. In the morning and evening he let in the +air, and he excluded the sultry noon. In these various occupations he was +from time to time removed to a distance from the patient, who thus had an +opportunity of observing him. The stranger was of middle height, upright, +and well proportioned; he was dressed in a peasant’s or slave’s dark +tunic. His face was rather round than long; his hair black, yet with the +promise of greyness, with what might be baldness in the crown, or a +priest’s tonsure. His short beard curled round his chin; his complexion +was very clear. But the most striking point about him was his eyes; they +were of a light or greyish blue, transparent, and shining like precious +stones. + +From the day that they first interchanged words, the priest said some +short prayers from time to time with Agellius—the Lord’s Prayer, and +portions of the Psalms. Afterwards, when he was well enough to converse, +Agellius was struck with the inexpressible peculiarity of his manner. It +was self-collected, serene, gentle, tender, unobtrusive, unstudied. It +enabled him to say things severe and even stern, without startling, +offending, or repelling the hearer. He spoke very little about himself, +though from time to time points of detail were elicited of his history in +the course of conversation. He said that his name was Cæcilius. Asper, +when he entered the room, would kneel down and offer to kiss the +stranger’s sandal, though the latter generally managed to prevent it. + +Cæcilius did not speak much about himself; but Agellius, on the other +hand, found it a relief to tell out his own history, and reflect upon and +describe his own feelings. As he lay on his bed, he half soliloquized, +half addressed himself to the stranger. Sometimes he required an answer; +sometimes he seemed to require none. Once he asked suddenly, after a long +silence, whether a man could be baptized twice; and when the priest +answered distinctly in the negative, Agellius replied that if so, he +thought it would be best never to be baptized till the hour of death. It +was a question, he said, which had perplexed him a good deal, but he never +had had any one to converse with on the subject. + +Cæcilius answered, “But how could you promise yourself that you would be +able to obtain the sacrament at the last moment? The water and the +administrator might come just too late; and then where would you be, my +son? And then again, how do you know you would wish it? Is your will +simply in your own power? ‘Carpe diem;’ take God’s gift while you can.” + +“The benefit is so immense,” answered Agellius, “that one would wish, if +one could, to enter into the unseen world without losing its fulness. This +cannot be, if a long time elapses between baptism and death.” + +“You are, then, of the number of those,” said Cæcilius, “who would cheat +their Maker of His claim on their life, provided they could (as it is +said) in their last moment cheat the devil.” + +Agellius continuing silent, Cæcilius added, “You want to enjoy this world, +and to inherit the next; is it so?” + +“I am puzzled, my head is weak, father; I do not see my way to speak.” +Presently he said, “Sin after baptism is so awful a matter; there is no +second laver for sin; and then again, to sin against baptism is so great a +sin.” + +The priest said, “In baptism God becomes your Father; your own God; your +worship; your love—can you give up this great gift all through your life? +Would you live ‘without God in this world’?” + +Tears came into Agellius’s eyes, and his throat became oppressed. At last +he said, distinctly and tenderly, “No.” + +After a while the priest said, “I suppose what you fear is the fire of +judgment, and the prison; not lest you should fall away and be lost.” + +“I know, my dear father,” answered the sick youth, “that I have no right +to reckon on anything, or promise myself anything; yet somehow I have +never feared hell—though I ought, I know I ought; but I have not. I +deserve the worst, but somehow I have thought that God would lead me on. +He ever has done so.” + +“Then you fear the fire of judgment,” said Cæcilius; “you’d put off +baptism for fear of that fire.” + +“I did not say I _would_,” answered Agellius; “I wanted _you_ to explain +the thing to me.” + +“Which would you rather, Agellius, be without God here, or suffer the fire +there?” + +Agellius smiled; he said faintly, “I take Him for my portion here _and_ +there: _He_ will be in the fire with me.” + +Agellius lay quiet for some hours, and seemed asleep. Suddenly he began +again, “I was baptized when I was only six years old. I’m glad you do not +think it was wilful in me, and wrong. I cannot tell what took me,” he +presently continued. “It was a fervour; I have had nothing of the kind +since. What does our Lord say? I can’t remember: ‘Novissima pejora +prioribus.’ ” + +He continued the train of thought another day, or rather the course of his +argument; for on the thought itself his mind seemed ever to be working. +“My spring is gone,” he said, “and I have no summer. Nay, I have had no +spring; it was a day, not a season. It came, and it went; where am I now? +Can spring ever return? I wish to begin again in right earnest.” + +“Thank God, my son, for this great mercy,” said Cæcilius, “that, though +you have relaxed, you have never severed yourself from the peace of the +Church, you have not denied your God.” + +Agellius sighed bitterly. “O my father,” he said, “ ‘Erravi, sicut ovis +quæ periit.’ I have been very near denying Him, at least by outward act. +You do not know me; you cannot know what has come on me lately. And I dare +not look back on it, my heart is so weak. My father, how am I to repent of +what is past, when I dare not think of it? To think of it is to renew the +sin.” + +“ ‘Puer meus, noli timere,’ ” answered the priest; “ ‘si transieris per +ignem, odor ejus non erit in te.’ In penance, the grace of God carries you +without harm through thoughts and words which _would_ harm you apart from +it.” + +“Ah, penance!” said Agellius; “I recollect the catechism. What is it, +father? a new grace, I know; a plank after baptism. May I have it?” + +“You are not strong enough yet to think of these things, Agellius,” +answered Cæcilius. “Please God, you shall get well. Then you shall review +all your life, and bring it out in order before Him; and He, through me, +will wipe away all that has been amiss. Praise Him who has spared you for +this.” + +It was too much for the patient in his weak state; he could but shed happy +tears. + +Another day he had sat up in bed. He looked at his hands, from which the +skin was peeling; he felt his lips, and it was with them the same; and his +hair seemed coming off also. He smiled and said, “Renovabitur, ut aquila, +juventus mea.” + +Cæcilius responded, as before, with sacred words which were new to +Agellius: “ ‘Qui sperant in Domino mutabunt fortitudinem; assument pennas, +sicut aquilæ,’ ‘Sursum corda!’ you must soar, Agellius.” + +“ ‘Sursum corda!’ ” answered he; “I know those words. They are old +friends; where have I heard them? I can’t recollect; but they are in my +earliest memories. Ah! but, my father, my heart is below, not above. I +want to tell you all. I want to tell you about one who has enthralled my +heart; who has divided it with my True Love. But I daren’t speak of her, +as I have said; I dare not speak, lest I be carried away. O, I blush to +say it; she is a heathen! May God save her soul! Will He come to me, and +not to her? ‘Investigabiles viæ ejus.’ ” + +He remained silent for some time; then he said, “Father, I mean to +dedicate myself to God, simply, absolutely, with His grace. I will be His, +and He shall be mine. No one shall come between us. But O this weak +heart!” + +“Keep your good resolves till you are stronger,” said the priest. “It is +easy to make them on a sick-bed. You must first reckon the charges.” + +Agellius smiled. “I know the passage, father,” he said, and he repeated +the sacred words: “If any man come to Me, and hate not his father and +mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his +own life also, he cannot be My disciple.” + +Another time Agellius said: “The Martyrs; surely the old bishop used to +say something about the Martyrs. He spoke of a second baptism, and called +it a baptism of blood; and said, ‘Might his soul be with the Martyrs!’ +Father, would not this wash out every thing, as the first?” + +It was now Cæcilius who smiled, and his eyes shone like the sapphires of +the Holy City; and he seemed the ideal of him who, when + + “Called upon to face + Some awful moment to which heaven has joined + Great issues, good or bad for humankind, + Is happy as a lover, and attired + With sudden brightness, like a man inspired.” + +However, he soon controlled himself, and said, “Quo ego vado, non potes me +modo sequi; sequeris autem postea.” + + + + + + CHAPTER XIV. + + + A SMALL CLOUD. + + +This sort of intercourse, growing in frequency and fulness, went on for +about a week, till Agellius was able to walk with support, and to leave +the cottage. The priest and his own slave took him between them, and +seated him one evening in sight of the glorious prospect, traversed by the +long shadow of the far mountains, behind which the sun was making its way. +The air was filled with a thousand odours; the brilliant colouring of the +western heavens was contrasted with the more sober but varied tints of the +rich country. The wheat and barley harvest was over; but the beans were +late, and still stood in the fields. The olives and chestnut-trees were +full of fruit; the early fig was supplying the markets with food; and the +numerous vineyards were patiently awaiting the suns of the next month +slowly to perfect their present promise. The beautiful scene had a moral +dignity, from its associations with human sustenance and well-being. The +inexpressible calmness of evening was flung, like a robe, over it. Its +sweetness was too much for one who had been confined to the monotony of a +sick-room, and was still an invalid. He sat silent, and in tears. It was +life from the dead; and he felt he had risen to a different life. And thus +he came out evening after evening convalescent, gradually and surely +advancing to perfect restoration of his health. + +One evening he said, after feeding his eyes and thoughts for some time +with the prospect, “ ‘Mansueti hereditabunt terram.’ They alone have real +enjoyment of this earth who believe in its Maker. Every breath of air +seems to whisper how good He is to me.” + +Cæcilius answered, “These sights are the shadows of that fairer Paradise +which is our home, where there is no beast of prey, no venomous reptile, +no sin. My child, should _I_ not feel this more than you? Those who are +shut up in crowded cities see but the work of man, which is evil. It is +the compensation of my flight from Carthage that I am brought before the +face of God.” + +“The heathen worship all this, as if God Himself,” said Agellius; “how +strange it seems to me that any one can forget the Creator in His works!” + +Cæcilius was silent for a moment, and sighed; he then said, “You have ever +been a Christian, Agellius.” + +“And you have not, my father?” answered he; “well, you have earned that +grace which came to me freely.” + +“Agellius,” said the priest, “it comes freely to all; and is only merited +when it has already prevailed. Yet I think you earned it too, else why the +difference between you and your brother?” + +“What do you know of us?” asked Agellius quickly. + +“Not a great deal,” answered he, “yet something. Three or four years back +an effort was made to rekindle the Christian spirit in these parts, and to +do something for the churches of the proconsulate, and to fill up the +vacant sees. Nothing has come of it as yet; but steps were taken towards +it: one was to obtain a recovery of the Christians who remained in them. I +was sent here for that purpose, and in this way heard of you and your +brother. When my life was threatened by the persecution, and I had to +flee, I thought of your cottage. I was obliged to act secretly, as we did +not know friends from foes.” + +“You were led here for other purposes towards _me_, my father,” said +Agellius; “yet you cannot have a safer refuge. There is nothing to +disturb, nothing to cause suspicion here. In this harvest time numbers of +strangers pour in from the mountains, of various races; there is nothing +to distinguish you from one of them, and my brother is away convoying some +grain to Carthage. Persecution drove you hither, but you have not been +suffered to be idle, my father, you have brought home a wanderer.” He +added, after a pause, “I am well enough to go to confession to you now. +May it be this evening?” + +“It will be well,” answered Cæcilius; “how long I shall still be here, I +cannot tell. I am expecting my trusty messenger with despatches. It is now +three days since he was here. However, this I say without misgiving, we do +not part for long. What do you here longer? you must come to me. I must +prepare you, and send you back to Sicca, to collect and restore this +scattered flock.” + +Agellius turned, and leaned against the priest’s shoulder, and laughed. “I +am laughing,” he said, “not from lightness of mind, but from the depth of +surprise and of joy that you should so think of me. It was a dream which +once I had; but impossible! you do not think that I, weak I, shall ever be +able to do more than save my own soul?” + +“You will save your own soul by saving the souls of others,” said +Cæcilius; “my child, I could tell you more things if I thought it good for +you.” + +“But, my father, I have so weak, so soft a heart,” cried Agellius; “what +am I to do with myself? I am not of the temper of which heroes are made.” + +“ ‘Virtus in infirmitate perficitur,’ ” said the priest. “What! are you to +do _any_ thing of yourself? or are you to be simply the instrument of +Another? We shall have the same termination, you and myself, but you long +after me.” + +“Ah, father, because _you_ will burn out so much more quickly!” said +Agellius. + +“I think,” said Cæcilius, “I see my messenger; there is some one who has +made his way by stealth into the garden, or at least not by the beaten +way.” + +There _was_ a visitor, as Cæcilius had said; however, it was not his +messenger, but Juba, who approached, looking with great curiosity at +Cæcilius, and absorbed in the sight. Cæcilius in turn regarded him +steadfastly, and then said to Agellius, “It is your brother.” + +“What brings you here, Juba?” said the latter. + +“I have been away on a distant errand,” said Juba; “and find you have been +ill. Is this your nurse?” he eyed him almost sternly, and added, “’Tis a +Christian priest.” + +“Has Agellius no acquaintance but Christians?” asked Cæcilius. + +“Acquaintance! O surely!” answered Juba; “agreeable, innocent, sweet +acquaintance of another sort; myself to begin with. My lad,” he continued, +“you did not rise to their price, but you did your best.” + +“Juba,” said his brother, “if you have any business here, say it, and have +done. I am not strong enough to hold any altercation with you.” + +“Business!” said Juba, “I can find quite business enough here, if I +choose. This is a priest of the Christians. I am sure of it.” + +Cæcilius looked at him with such calmness and benevolence, that at length +Juba turned away his eyes with something of irritation. He said, “If I +_am_ a priest, I am here to claim you as one of my children.” + +Juba winced, but said scornfully, “You are mistaken there, father; speak +to those who own you. I am a free man.” + +“My son,” Cæcilius answered, “you have been under instruction; it is your +duty to go forward, not back.” + +“What do you know about me?” said Juba; “he has been telling.” + +“Your face, your manner, your voice, tells a tale; I need no information +from others. I have heard of you years ago; now I see you.” + +“What do you see in me?” said Juba. + +“I see pride in bodily shape, treading down faith and conviction,” said +Cæcilius. + +Juba neighed rather than laughed, so fierce and scornful was its +expression. “What you slaves call pride,” he said, “I call dignity.” + +“You believe in a God, Creator of heaven and earth, as certainly as I do,” +said the priest, “but you deliberately set yourself against Him.” + +Juba smiled. “I am as free,” he said, “in _my_ place, as He in His.” + +“You mean,” answered Cæcilius, “free to do wrong, and free to suffer for +it.” + +“You may call it wrong, and call it suffering,” replied Juba; “but for me, +_I_ do not call wrong what He calls wrong; and if He puts me to pain, it +is because He is the stronger.” + +The priest stopped awhile; there was no emotion on either side. It was +strange to see them so passionless, so antagonistic, like St. Michael and +his adversary. + +“There is that within you,” said Cæcilius, “which speaks as I speak. That +inward voice takes the part of the Creator, and condemns you.” + +“_He_ put it there,” said Juba; “and _I_ will take care to put it out.” + +“Then He will have justice as well as power on His side,” said the priest. + +“I will never fawn or crouch,” said Juba; “I will be lord and master in my +own soul. Every faculty shall be mine; there shall be no divided +allegiance.” + +Cæcilius paused again; he said at length, “My son, my soul tells me, or +rather my Maker tells me, and your Maker, that some heavy judgment is +impending over you. Do penance while you may.” + +“Tell your forebodings to women and children,” said Juba; “I am prepared +for anything. I will not be crushed.” + +Agellius was not strong enough to bear a part in such a scene. “Father,” +he said, “it is his way, but don’t believe him. He has better thoughts. +Away with you, Juba, you are not wanted here.” + +“Agellius,” said the priest, “such words are not strange to me. I am not +young, and have seen much of the world; and my very office and position +elicits blasphemies from others from time to time. I knew a man who +carried out his bad thoughts and words into act. Abjuring his Maker, he +abandoned himself to the service of the evil one. He betrayed his brethren +to death. He lived on year after year, and became old. He was smitten with +illness; then I first saw him. I made him contemplate a picture; it was +the picture of the Good Shepherd. I dwelt on the vain efforts of the poor +sheep to get out of the fold; its irrational aversion to its home, and its +desperate resolution to force a way through the prickly fence. It was +pierced and torn with the sharp aloe; at last it lay imprisoned in its +stern embrace, motionless and bleeding. Then the Shepherd, though He had +to wound His own hands in the work, disengaged it, and brought it back. +God has His own times; His power went along with the picture, and the man +was moved. I said, ‘_This_ is His return for your enmity: He is determined +to have you, cost Him what it will.’ I need not go through the many things +that followed, but the issue may be told in few words. He came back; he +lived a life of penance at the Church’s door; he received the peace of the +Church in immediate prospect of the persecution, and has within the last +ten days died a martyr’s death.” + +Juba had listened as if he was constrained against his will. When the +priest stopped he started, and began to speak impetuously, and unlike his +ordinary tone. He placed his hands violently against his ears. “Stop!” he +said, “no more. _I_ will not betray them; no: I _need_ not betray them;” +he laughed; “the black moor does the work himself. Look,” he cried, +seizing the priest’s arm, and pointing to a part of the forest, which +happened to be to windward. “You are in their number, priest, who can +foretell the destinies of others, and are blind to their own. Read there, +the task is not hard, your coming fortunes.” + +His finger was directed to a spot where, amid the thick foliage, the gleam +of a pool or of a marsh was visible. The various waters round about +issuing from the gravel, or drained from the nightly damps, had run into a +hollow, filled with the decaying vegetation of former years, and were +languidly filtered out into a brook, more healthy than the vast reservoir +itself. Its banks were bordered with a deep, broad layer of mud, a +transition substance between the rich vegetable matter which it once had +been, and the multitudinous world of insect life which it was becoming. A +cloud or mist at this time was hanging over it, high in air. A harsh and +shrill sound, a whizzing or a chirping, proceeded from that cloud to the +ear of the attentive listener. What these indications portended was plain. +“There,” said Juba, “is what will tell more against you than imperial +edict, informer, or proconsular apparitor; and no work of mine.” + +He turned down the bank and disappeared. Agellius and his guest looked at +each other in dismay. “It is the locusts,” they whispered to each other, +as they went back into the cottage. + + + + + + CHAPTER XV. + + + A VISITATION. + + +The plague of locusts, one of the most awful visitations to which the +countries included in the Roman empire were exposed, extended from the +Atlantic to Ethiopia, from Arabia to India, and from the Nile and Red Sea +to Greece and the north of Asia Minor. Instances are recorded in history +of clouds of the devastating insect crossing the Black Sea to Poland, and +the Mediterranean to Lombardy. It is as numerous in its species as it is +wide in its range of territory. Brood follows brood, with a sort of family +likeness, yet with distinct attributes, as we read in the prophets of the +Old Testament, from whom Bochart tells us it is possible to enumerate as +many as ten kinds. It wakens into existence and activity as early as the +month of March; but instances are not wanting, as in our present history, +of its appearance as late as June. Even one flight comprises myriads upon +myriads passing imagination, to which the drops of rain or the sands of +the sea are the only fit comparison; and hence it is almost a proverbial +mode of expression in the East (as may be illustrated by the sacred pages +to which we just now referred), by way of describing a vast invading army, +to liken it to the locusts. So dense are they, when upon the wing, that it +is no exaggeration to say that they hide the sun, from which circumstance +indeed their name in Arabic is derived. And so ubiquitous are they when +they have alighted on the earth, that they simply cover or clothe its +surface. + +This last characteristic is stated in the sacred account of the plagues of +Egypt, where their faculty of devastation is also mentioned. The +corrupting fly and the bruising and prostrating hail had preceded them in +that series of visitations, but _they_ came to do the work of ruin more +thoroughly. For not only the crops and fruits, but the foliage of the +forest itself, nay, the small twigs and the bark of the trees are the +victims of their curious and energetic rapacity. They have been known even +to gnaw the door-posts of the houses. Nor do they execute their task in so +slovenly a way, that, as they have succeeded other plagues so they may +have successors themselves. They take pains to spoil what they leave. Like +the Harpies, they smear every thing that they touch with a miserable +slime, which has the effect of a virus in corroding, or, as some say, in +scorching and burning it. And then, as if all this were little, when they +can do nothing else, they die;—as if out of sheer malevolence to man, for +the poisonous elements of their nature are then let loose, and dispersed +abroad, and create a pestilence; and they manage to destroy many more by +their death than in their life. + +Such are the locusts,—whose existence the ancient heretics brought forward +as their palmary proof that there was an evil creator, and of whom an +Arabian writer shows his national horror, when he says that they have the +head of a horse, the eyes of an elephant, the neck of a bull, the horns of +a stag, the breast of a lion, the belly of a scorpion, the wings of an +eagle, the legs of a camel, the feet of an ostrich, and the tail of a +serpent. + +And now they are rushing upon a considerable tract of that beautiful +region of which we have spoken with such admiration. The swarm to which +Juba pointed grew and grew till it became a compact body, as much as a +furlong square; yet it was but the vanguard of a series of similar hosts, +formed one after another out of the hot mould or sand, rising into the air +like clouds, enlarging into a dusky canopy, and then discharged against +the fruitful plain. At length the huge innumerous mass was put into +motion, and began its career, darkening the face of day. As became an +instrument of divine power, it seemed to have no volition of its own; it +was set off, it drifted, with the wind, and thus made northwards, straight +for Sicca. Thus they advanced, host after host, for a time wafted on the +air, and gradually declining to the earth, while fresh broods were carried +over the first, and neared the earth, after a longer flight, in their +turn. For twelve miles did they extend from front to rear, and their +whizzing and hissing could be heard for six miles on every side of them. +The bright sun, though hidden by them, illumined their bodies, and was +reflected from their quivering wings; and as they heavily fell earthward, +they seemed like the innumerable flakes of a yellow-coloured snow. And +like snow did they descend, a living carpet, or rather pall, upon fields, +crops, gardens, copses, groves, orchards, vineyards, olive woods, +orangeries, palm plantations, and the deep forests, sparing nothing within +their reach, and where there was nothing to devour, lying helpless in +drifts, or crawling forward obstinately, as they best might, with the hope +of prey. They could spare their hundred thousand soldiers twice or thrice +over, and not miss them; their masses filled the bottoms of the ravines +and hollow ways, impeding the traveller as he rode forward on his journey, +and trampled by thousands under his horse-hoofs. In vain was all this +overthrow and waste by the road-side; in vain their loss in river, pool, +and watercourse. The poor peasants hastily dug pits and trenches as their +enemy came on; in vain they filled them from the wells or with lighted +stubble. Heavily and thickly did the locusts fall: they were lavish of +their lives; they choked the flame and the water, which destroyed them the +while, and the vast living hostile armament still moved on. + +They moved right on like soldiers in their ranks, stopping at nothing, and +straggling for nothing: they carried a broad furrow or wheal all across +the country, black and loathsome, while it was as green and smiling on +each side of them and in front, as it had been before they came. Before +them, in the language of prophets, was a paradise; and behind them a +desert. They are daunted by nothing; they surmount walls and hedges, and +enter enclosed gardens or inhabited houses. A rare and experimental +vineyard has been planted in a sheltered grove. The high winds of Africa +will not commonly allow the light trellis or the slim pole; but here the +lofty poplar of Campania has been possible, on which the vine plant mounts +so many yards into the air, that the poor grape-gatherers bargain for a +funeral pile and a tomb as one of the conditions of their engagement. The +locusts have done what the winds and lightning could not do, and the whole +promise of the vintage, leaves and all, is gone, and the slender stems are +left bare. There is another yard, less uncommon, but still tended with +more than common care; each plant is kept within due bounds by a circular +trench round it, and by upright canes on which it is to trail; in an hour +the solicitude and long toil of the vine-dresser are lost, and his pride +humbled. There is a smiling farm; another sort of vine, of remarkable +character, is found against the farm-house. This vine springs from one +root, and has clothed and matted with its many branches the four walls; +the whole of it is covered thick with long clusters, which another month +will ripen:—on every grape and leaf there is a locust. Into the dry caves +and pits, carefully strewed with straw, the harvest-men have (safely, as +they thought just now) been lodging the far-famed African wheat. One grain +or root shoots up into ten, twenty, fifty, eighty, nay, three or four +hundred stalks: sometimes the stalks have two ears apiece, and these again +shoot into a number of lesser ones. These stores are intended for the +Roman populace, but the locusts have been beforehand with them. The small +patches of ground belonging to the poor peasants up and down the country, +for raising the turnips, garlic, barley, watermelons, on which they live, +are the prey of these glutton invaders as much as the choicest vines and +olives. Nor have they any reverence for the villa of the civic decurion or +the Roman official. The neatly arranged kitchen-garden, with its cherries, +plums, peaches, and apricots, is a waste; as the slaves sit round, in the +kitchen in the first court, at their coarse evening meal, the room is +filled with the invading force, and news comes to them that the enemy has +fallen upon the apples and pears in the basement, and is at the same time +plundering and sacking the preserves of quince and pomegranate, and +revelling in the jars of precious oil of Cyprus and Mendes in the +store-rooms. + +They come up to the walls of Sicca, and are flung against them into the +ditch. Not a moment’s hesitation or delay; they recover their footing, +they climb up the wood or stucco, they surmount the parapet, or they have +entered in at the windows, filling the apartments, and the most private +and luxurious chambers, not one or two, like stragglers at forage or +rioters after a victory, but in order of battle, and with the array of an +army. Choice plants or flowers about the _impluvia_ and _xysti_, for +ornament or refreshment, myrtles, oranges, pomegranates, the rose and the +carnation, have disappeared. They dim the bright marbles of the walls and +the gilding of the ceilings. They enter the triclinium in the midst of the +banquet; they crawl over the viands and spoil what they do not devour. +Unrelaxed by success and by enjoyment, onward they go; a secret mysterious +instinct keeps them together, as if they had a king over them. They move +along the floor in so strange an order that they seem to be a tesselated +pavement themselves, and to be the artificial embellishment of the place; +so true are their lines, and so perfect is the pattern they describe. +Onward they go, to the market, to the temple sacrifices, to the baker’s +stores, to the cook-shops, to the confectioner’s, to the druggists; +nothing comes amiss to them; wherever man has aught to eat or drink, there +are they, reckless of death, strong of appetite, certain of conquest. + +They have passed on; the men of Sicca sadly congratulate themselves, and +begin to look about them, and to sum up their losses. Being the +proprietors of the neighbouring districts, or the purchasers of its +produce, they lament over the devastation, not because the fair country is +disfigured, but because income is becoming scanty, and prices are becoming +high. How is a population of many thousands to be fed? where is the grain, +where the melons, the figs, the dates, the gourds, the beans, the grapes, +to sustain and solace the multitudes in their lanes, caverns, and garrets? +This is another weighty consideration for the class well-to-do in the +world. The taxes, too, and contributions, the capitation tax, the +percentage upon corn, the various articles of revenues due to Rome, how +are they to be paid? How are cattle to be provided for the sacrifices and +for the tables of the wealthy? One-half, at least, of the supply of Sicca +is cut off. No longer slaves are seen coming into the city from the +country in troops with their baskets on their shoulders, or beating +forward the horse, or mule, or ox, overladen with its burden, or driving +in the dangerous cow, or the unresisting sheep. The animation of the place +is gone; a gloom hangs over the Forum; and if its frequenters are still +merry there is something of sullenness and recklessness in their mirth. +The gods have given the city up; something or other has angered them. +Locusts, indeed, are no uncommon visitation, but at an earlier season. +Perhaps some temple has been polluted, or some unholy rite practised, or +some secret conspiracy has spread. + +Another and a still worse calamity. The invaders, as we have already +intimated, could be more terrible still in their overthrow than in their +ravages. The inhabitants of the country had attempted, where they could, +to destroy them by fire and water. It would seem as if the malignant +animals had resolved that the sufferers should have the benefit of this +policy to the full; for they had not got more than twenty miles beyond +Sicca when they suddenly sickened and died. Thus after they had done all +the mischief they could by their living, when they had made their foul +maws the grave of every living thing, then they died themselves, and made +the desolated land their own grave. They took from it its hundred forms +and varieties of beautiful life, and left it their own fetid and poisonous +carcases in payment. It was a sudden catastrophe; they seemed making for +the Mediterranean, as if, like other great conquerors, they had other +worlds to subdue beyond it; but whether they were overgorged, or struck by +some atmospheric change, or that their time was come and they paid the +debt of nature, so it was that suddenly they fell, and their glory came to +nought, and all was vanity to them as to others, and “their stench rose +up, and their corruption rose up, because they had done proudly.” + +The hideous swarms lay dead in the moist steaming underwoods, in the green +swamps, in the sheltered valleys, in the ditches and furrows of the +fields, amid the monuments of their own prowess, the ruined crops and the +dishonoured vineyards. A poisonous element, issuing from their remains, +mingled with the atmosphere, and corrupted it. The dismayed peasant found +that a pestilence had begun; a new visitation, not confined to the +territory which the enemy had made its own, but extending far and wide, as +the atmosphere extends, in all directions. Their daily toil, no longer +claimed by the produce of the earth, which has ceased to exist, is now +devoted to the object of ridding themselves of the deadly legacy which +they have received in its stead. In vain; it is their last toil; they are +digging pits, they are raising piles, for their own corpses, as well as +for the bodies of their enemies. Invader and victim lie in the same grave, +burn in the same heap; they sicken while they work, and the pestilence +spreads. A new invasion is menacing Sicca, in the shape of companies of +peasants and slaves, (the panic having broken the bonds of discipline,) +with their employers and overseers, nay the farmers themselves and +proprietors, rushing thither from famine and infection as to a place of +safety. The inhabitants of the city are as frightened as they, and more +energetic. They determine to keep them at a distance; the gates are +closed; a strict _cordon_ is drawn; however, by the continued pressure, +numbers contrive to make an entrance, as water into a vessel, or light +through the closed shutters, and anyhow the air cannot be put into +quarantine; so the pestilence has the better of it, and at last appears in +the alleys, and in the cellars of Sicca. + + + + + + CHAPTER XVI. + + + WORSE AND WORSE. + + +“O wretched minds of men! O blind hearts!” truly cries out a great heathen +poet, but on grounds far other than the true ones. The true ground of such +a lamentation is, that men do not interpret the signs of the times and of +the world as He intends who has placed these signs in the heavens; that +when Mane, Thecel, Phares, is written upon the ethereal wall, they have no +inward faculty to read them withal; and that when they go elsewhere for +one learned in tongues, instead of taking Daniel, who is used to converse +with Angels, they rely on Magi or Chaldeans, who know only the languages +of earth. So it was with the miserable population of Sicca now; half +famished, seized with a pestilence which was sure to rage before it +assuaged, perplexed and oppressed by the recoil upon them of the +population whom they had from time to time sent out into the surrounding +territory, or from whom they had supplied their markets, they never +fancied that the real cause of the visitation which we have been +describing was their own iniquity in their Maker’s sight, that His arm +inflicted it, and that its natural and direct interpretation was, “Do +penance, and be converted.” On the contrary, they looked only at their own +vain idols, and at the vain rites which these idols demanded, and they +thought there was no surer escape from their misery than by upholding a +lie, and putting down all who revolted from it; and thus the visitation +which was sent to do them good turned through their wilful blindness to +their greater condemnation. + +The Forum, which at all times was the resort of idleness and dissipation, +now became more and more the haunt of famine and sickness, of robust +frames without work, of slavish natures virtually and for the time +emancipated and uncontrolled, of youth and passion houseless and +shelterless. In groups and companies, in and out of the porticoes, on the +steps of the temples, and about the booths and stalls of the market, a +multitude grows day by day, from the town and from the country, and of all +the various races which town and country contain. The civil magistracy and +the civil force to which the peace of the city was committed, were not +equal to such an emergency as the present; and the _milites stationarii_, +a sort of garrison who represented the Roman power, though they were ready +to act against either magistrates or mob impartially, had no tenderness +for either, when in collision with each other. Indeed the bonds of society +were broken, and every political element was at war with every other, in a +case of such great common calamity, when every one was angry with every +one else, for want of some clearly defined object against which the common +anger might be discharged with unanimity. + +They had almost given over sacrificing and consulting the flame or the +entrails; for no reversal or respite of their sufferings had followed +their most assiduous acts of deprecation. Moreover the omens were +generally considered by the priests to have been unpropitious or adverse. +A sheep had been discovered to have, instead of a liver, something very +like a gizzard; a sow had chewed and swallowed the flowers with which it +had been embellished for the sacrifice; and a calf, after receiving the +fatal blow, instead of lying down and dying, dashed into the temple, +dripping blood upon the pavement as it went, and at last fell and expired +just before the sacred _adytum_. In despair the people took to +fortune-telling and its attendant arts. Old crones were found in plenty +with their strange rites, the stranger the more welcome. Trenches were dug +in by-places for sacrifices to the infernal gods; amulets, rings, +counters, tablets, pebbles, nails, bones, feathers, Ephesian or Egyptian +legends, were in request, and raised the hopes, or beguiled and occupied +the thoughts, of those who else would have been directly dwelling on their +sufferings, present or in prospect. + +Others were occupied, whether they would or no, with diversions fiercer +and more earnest. There were continual altercations between farmers, small +proprietors of land, government and city officials,—altercations so +manifold and violent, that, even were there no hubbub of voices, and no +incoherence of wrath and fear to complicate them, we should despair of +setting them before the reader. An officer from the camp was expostulating +with one of the municipal authorities that no corn had been sent thither +for the last six or seven days, and the functionary attacked had thrown +the blame on the farmer, and he in turn had protested that he could not +get cattle to bring the waggons into Sicca; those which he had set out +with had died of exhaustion on the journey. A clerk, as we now speak, in +the _Officium_ of the society of publicans or collectors of _annona_ was +threatening a number of small tenants with ejection for not sending in +their rated portion of corn for the Roman people:—the _Officium_ of the +_Notarius_, or assistant prefect, had written up to Sicca from Carthage in +violent terms; and come it must, though the locusts had eaten up every +stack and granary. A number of half-starved peasants had been summoned for +payment of their taxes, and in spite of their ignorance of Latin, they had +been made to understand that death was the stern penalty of neglecting to +bring the coin. They, on the other hand, by their fierce doggedness of +manner, seemed to signify by way of answer that death was not a penalty, +unless life was a boon. + +The _villicus_ of one of the decurions, who had an estate in the +neighbourhood, was laying his miseries before the man of business of his +employer. “What are we to do?” he said. “Half the gang of slaves is dead, +and the other half is so feeble, that I can’t get through the work of the +month. We ought to be sheep-shearing; you have no chance of wool. We ought +to be swarming the bees, pressing the honey, boiling and purifying the +wax. We ought to be plucking the white leaves of the camomile, and +steeping the golden flowers in oil. We ought to be gathering the wild +grapes, sifting off the flowers, and preserving the residue in honey. We +ought to be sowing brassicum, parsley, and coriander against next spring. +We ought to be cheese-making. We ought to be baking white and red bricks +and tiles in the sun; we have no hands for the purpose. The _villicus_ is +not to blame, but the anger of the gods.” The country _employé_ of the +procurator of the imperial _Baphia_ protests that the insect cannot be +found from which the dye is extracted; and argues that the locusts must +have devoured them, or the plant on which they feed, or that they have +been carried off by the pestilence. Here is old Corbulus in agonies for +his febrifuge, and a slave of his is in high words with the +market-carrier, who tells him that Mago, who supplied it, is dead of a +worse fever than his master’s. “The rogue,” cried the slave, “my master +has contracted with him for the year, and has paid him the money in +advance.” A jeering and mocking from the crowd assailed the unfortunate +domestic, who so truly foreboded that his return without the medicine +would be the signal for his summary committal to the _pistrinum_. “Let old +Corbulus follow Mago in his passage to perdition,” said one of the rabble; +“let him take his physic with Pluto, and leave us the bread and wine on +which he’s grown gouty.” “Bread, bread!” was the response elicited by this +denunciation, and it spread into a circle larger than that of which the +slave and the carrier were part. + +“Wine and bread, Ceres and Liber!” cried a young legionary, who, after a +night of revelry, was emerging still half-intoxicated from one of the low +wine-shops in the vaults which formed the basement of the _Thermæ_ or hot +baths; “make way there, you filthy slime of the earth, you half-kneaded, +half-fermented Africans, who never yet have quite been men, but have ever +smelt strong of the baboon, who are three quarters _must_, and two +vinegar, and a fifth water,—as I was saying, you are like bad liquor, and +the sight of you disagrees with the stomach and affects the eyes.” + +The crowd looked sullenly, and without wincing, at his shield, which was +the only portion of his military accoutrements which he had preserved +after his carouse. The white surface, with a silver boss in the centre, +surrounded by first a white and then a red circle, and the purple border, +showed that he belonged to the Tertiani or third Italic Legion, which had +been stationed in Africa since the time of Augustus. “Vile double-tongued +mongrels,” he continued, “what are you fit for but to gather the fruits of +the earth for your owners and lords, ‘Romanos dominos rerum’? And if there +are now no fruits to reap, why your service is gone. Go home and die, and +drown yourselves, for what are you fit for now, except to take your dead +corpses away from the nostrils of a Roman, the cream of humankind? Ye +base-born apes, that’s why you catch the pestilence, because our blood +mantles and foams in our ruddy veins like new milk in the wine cup, which +is too strong for this clime, and my blood is up, and I drink a full +measure of it to great Rome; for what does old Horace say, but ‘Nunc est +bibendum’? and so get out of my way.” + +To a good part of the multitude, both peasantry and town rabble, Latin was +unintelligible; but they all understood vocabulary and syntax and logic, +as soon as he drew his knuckles across one fellow’s face who refused to +move from his path, and as soon as his insult was returned by the latter +with a thrust of the dagger. A rush was made upon him, on which he made a +face at them, shook his fist, and leaping on one side, ran with great +swiftness to an open space in advance. From his quarrelsome humour rather +than from fear, he raised a cry of alarm; on which two or three +fellow-soldiers made their appearance from similar dens of intoxication +and vice, and came up to the rescue. The mob assailed them with stones, +and the cream of human nature was likely to be roughly churned, when, +seeing matters were becoming serious, they suddenly took to their heels, +and got into the Temple of Esculapius on one side of the Forum. The mob +followed, the ministers of the sacred place attempted to shut the gates, a +scuffle ensued, and a riot was in progress. Self-preservation is the first +law of man; trembling for the safety of his noble buildings, and +considering that it was a bread riot, as it really was, the priest of the +god came forward, rebuked the mob for its impiety, and showed the +absurdity of supposing that there were loaves in his enclosure to satisfy +its wants; but he reminded them that there was a baker’s shop at the other +end of the Forum, which was one of the most considerable in Sicca. + +A slight impulse determines the movements of an excited multitude. Off +they went to the quarter in question, where certainly there was the very +large and handsome store of a substantial dealer in grain of all sorts, +and in other produce. The shop, however, seemed on this occasion to be but +poorly furnished; for the baker was a prudent man, and feared a display of +provisions which would be an invitation to a hungry multitude. The +assailants, however, were not to be baffled; some one cried out that the +man had withdrawn his corn from the market for his own ends, and that +great stores were accumulated within. They avail themselves of the hint; +they pour in through the open front, the baker escapes as he may, his +mills and ovens are smashed, the house is ransacked; whatever is found is +seized, thrown about, wasted, eaten, as the case may be; and the mob gains +strength and appetite for fresh exploits. + +However, the rioters have no definite plan of action yet. Some of them +have penetrated into the stable behind the house in search of corn. They +find the mill-ass which ground for the baker, and bring it out. It is a +beast of more than ordinary pretensions, such as you would not often see +in a mill, showing both the wealth of the owner and the flourishing +condition of his trade. The asses of Africa are finer than those in the +north; but this is fine for an African. One fellow mounts upon it, and +sets off with the world before him, like a knight-errant, seeking an +adventure, the rabble at his tail acting as squire. He begins the circuit +of the Forum, and picks up its riff-raff as he goes along—here some rascal +boys, there some drunken women, here again a number of half-brutalized +country slaves and peasants. Partly out of curiosity, partly from +idleness, from ill temper, from hope of spoil, from a vague desire to be +doing something or other, every one who has nothing to lose by the +adventure crowds around and behind him. And on the contrary, as he +advances, and the noise and commotion increase, every one who has a +position of any sort, the confidential _vernæ_ of great families, farmers, +shopkeepers, men of business, officials, vanish from the scene of action +without delay. + +“Africa, Africa!” is now the cry; the signal in that country, as an +ancient writer tells us, that the parties raising it have something new in +hand, and have a mind to do it. + +Suddenly, as they march on, a low and awful growl is heard. It comes from +the booth of a servant of the imperial court. He is employed as a +transporter of wild beasts from the interior to the coast, where they are +shipped for Rome; and he has charge at present of a noble lion, who is +sitting majestically, looking through the bars of his cage at the rabble, +who now begin to look at him. In demeanour and in mental endowments he has +the advantage of them. It was at this moment, while they were closing, +hustling each other, staring at the beast, and hoping to provoke him, that +a shrill voice cried out, “Christianos ad leones, Christianos ad leones!” +the Christians to the lions! A sudden and dead silence ensued, as if the +words had struck the breath out of the promiscuous throng. An interval +passed; and then the same voice was heard again, “Christianos ad leones!” +This time the whole Forum took it up from one end to the other. The fate +of the day, the direction of the movement, was decided; a distinct object +was obtained, and the only wonder was that the multitude had been so long +to seek and so slow to find so obvious a cause of their misfortunes, so +adequate a subject of their vengeance. “Christianos ad leones!” was +shouted out by town and country, priests and people. “Long live the +emperor! long live Decius! he told us this long ago. There’s the edict; it +never has been obeyed. Death to the magistrates! To the Christians! to the +Christians! Up with great Jove, down with the atheists!” + +They were commencing their march when the ass caught their eye. “The +Christians’ god!” they shouted out; “the god of the Christians!” Their +first impulse was to give the poor beast to the lion, their next to +sacrifice it, but they did not know to whom. Then they said they would +make the Christians worship it; and dressing it up in tawdry finery, they +retained it at the head of their procession. + + + + + + CHAPTER XVII. + + + CHRISTIANOS AD LEONES. + + +By the time that they had got round again to the unlucky baker’s, the mob +had been swollen to a size which even the area of the Forum would not +contain, and it filled the adjacent streets. And by the same time it had +come home to its leaders, and, indeed, to every one who used his reason at +all, that it was very far from certain that there were any Christians in +Sicca, and if so, still very far from easy to say where they were. And the +difficulty was of so practical a character as to keep them inactive for +the space of several hours. Meanwhile their passions were excited to the +boiling point by the very presence of the difficulty, as men go mad of +thirst when water is denied them. At length, after a long season of such +violent commotion, such restless pain, such curses, shrieks, and +blasphemies, such bootless gesticulations, such aimless contests with each +other, that they seemed to be already inmates of the prison beneath, they +set off in a blind way to make the circuit of the city as before they had +paraded round the Forum, still in the knight-errant line, looking out for +what might turn up where they were sure of nothing, and relieving the +intense irritation of their passions by locomotion, if nothing more +substantial was offered to them. + +It was an awful day for the respectable inhabitants of the place; worse +than anything that even the most timid of them had anticipated, when they +had showed their jealousy of a popular movement against the proscribed +religion; for the stimulus of famine and pestilence was added to hatred of +Christianity, in that unreasoning multitude. The magistrates shut +themselves up in dismay; the small body of Roman soldiery reserved their +strength for the defence of themselves; and the poor wretches, not a few, +who had fallen from the faith, and offered sacrifice, hung out from their +doors sinful heathen symbols, to avert a storm against which apostasy was +no sufficient safeguard. In this conduct the Gnostics and other sectaries +imitated them, while the Tertullianists took a more manly part, from +principle or pride. + +It would require the brazen voice which Homer speaks of, or the magic pen +of Sir Walter, to catalogue and to picture, as far as it is lawful to do +either, the figures and groups of that most miserable procession. As it +went forward it gained a variety and strength, which the circuit of the +Forum could not furnish. The more respectable religious establishments +shut their gates, and would have nothing to do with it. The priests of +Jupiter, the educational establishments of the Temple of Mercury, the +Temple of the Genius of Rome near the Capitol, the hierophants of Isis, +the Minerva, the Juno, the Esculapius, viewed the popular rising with +terror and disgust; but these were not the popular worships. The vast +homestead of Astarte, which in the number and vowed profligacy of its +inhabitants rivalled the vaults upon the Forum; the old rites, many and +diversified, if separately obscure, which came from Punic times; the new +importations from Syria and Phrygia, and a number of other haunts and +schools of depravity and crime, did their part in swelling or giving +character to the concourse. The hungry and idle rabble, the filthy beggars +who fed on the offal of the sacrifices, the drivers and slaughterers of +the beasts sacrificed; the tumblers and mountebanks who amused the gaping +market-people; dancers, singers, pipers from low taverns and +drinking-houses; infamous creatures, young and old, men and boys, half +naked and not half sober; brutal blacks, the aboriginal race of the Atlas, +with their appetites written on their skulls and features; Canaanites, as +they called themselves, from the coast; the wild beast-keepers from the +amphitheatre; troops of labourers from the fields, to whom the epidemic +was a time of Saturnalia; and the degraded company, alas! how numerous and +how pitiable, who took their nightly stand in long succession at the doors +of their several cells in the deep galleries under the Thermæ; all these, +and many others, had their part and place in the procession. There you +might see the devilish emblems of idolatry borne aloft by wretches from +the great Punic Temple, while frantic forms, ragged and famished, wasted +and shameless, leapt and pranced around them. There too was a choir of +Bacchanals, ready at a moment with songs as noisy as they were +unutterable. And there was the priest of the Punic Saturn, the +child-devourer, a sort of Moloch, to whom the martyrdom of Christians was +a sacred rite; he and all his attendants in fiery-coloured garments, as +became a sanguinary religion. And there, moreover, was a band of fanatics, +devotees of Cybele or of the Syrian goddess, if indeed the two rites were +distinct. They were bedizened with ribbons and rags of various colours, +and smeared over with paint. They had long hair like women, and turbans on +their heads. They pushed their way to the head of the procession, being +quite worthy of the post of honour, and, seizing the baker’s ass, put +their goddess on the back of it. Some of them were playing the fife, +others clashing cymbals, others danced, others yelled, others rolled their +heads, and others flogged themselves. Such was the character of the +frenzied host, which progressed slowly through the streets, while every +now and then, when there was an interval in the hubbub, the words +“Christianos ad leones” were thundered out by some ruffian voice, and a +thousand others fiercely responded. + +Still no Christian was forthcoming; and it was plain that the rage of the +multitude must be discharged in other quarters, if the difficulty +continued in satisfying it. At length some one recollected the site of the +Christian chapel, when it existed; thither went the multitude, and +effected an entrance without delay. It had long been turned to other +purposes, and was now a store of casks and leather bottles. The miserable +sacristan had long given up any practical observance of his faith, and +remained on the spot a keeper of the premises for the trader who owned +them. They found him, and dragged him into the street, and brought him +forward to the ass, and to the idol on its back, and bade him worship the +one and the other. The poor wretch obeyed; he worshipped the ass, he +worshipped the idol, and he worshipped the genius of the emperor; but his +persecutors wanted blood; they would not submit to be cheated of their +draught; so when they had made him do whatever they exacted, they flung +him under the feet of the multitude, who, as they passed on, soon trod all +life and breath out of him, and sent him to the powers below, to whom he +had just before been making his profession. + +Their next adventure was with a Tertullianist, who stationed himself at +his shop-door, displayed the sign of the cross, and walking leisurely +forward, seized the idol on the ass’s back, broke it over his knee, and +flung the portions into the crowd. For a few minutes they stared on him +with astonishment, then some women fell upon him with their nails and +teeth, and tore the poor fanatic till he fell bleeding and lifeless upon +the ground. + +In the higher and better part of the city, which they now approached, +lived the widow of a Duumvir, who in his day had made a bold profession of +Christianity. The well connected lady was a Christian also, and was +sheltered by her great friends from the persecution. She was bringing up a +family in great privacy, and with straitened means, and with as much +religious strictness as was possible under the circumstances of the place. +She kept them from all bad sights and bad company, was careful as to the +character of the slaves she placed about them, and taught them all she +knew of her religion, which was quite sufficient for their salvation. They +had all been baptized, some by herself in default of the proper minister, +and, as far as they could show at their tender ages, which lay between +thirteen and seven, the three girls and the two boys were advancing in the +love of truth and sanctity. Her husband, some years back, when presiding +in the Forum, had punished with just severity an act of ungrateful fraud; +and the perpetrator had always cherished a malignant hatred of him and +his. The moment of gratifying it had now arrived, and he pointed out to +the infuriated rabble the secluded mansion where the Christian household +dwelt. He could not offer to them a more acceptable service, and the +lady’s modest apartment was soon swarming with enemies of her God and His +followers. In spite of her heartrending cries and supplications, her +children were seized, and when the youngest boy clung to her, the mother +was thrown senseless upon the pavement. The whole five were carried off in +triumph; it was the greatest success of the day. There was some hesitation +how to dispose of them; at last the girls were handed over to the +priestesses of Astarte, and the boys to the loathsome votaries of Cybele. + +Revenge upon Christians was the motive principle of the riot; but the +prospect of plunder stimulated numbers, and here Christians could not +minister to their desires. They began the day by the attack upon the +provision-shop, and now they had reached the aristocratic quarter of the +city, and they gazed with envy and cupidity at the noble mansions which +occupied it. They began to shout out, “Bread, bread!” while they uttered +threats against the Christians; they violently beat at the closed gates, +and looked about for means of scaling the high walls which defended them +in front. The cravings of famished men soon take form and organization; +they began to ask relief from house to house. Nothing came amiss; and +loaves, figs, grapes, wine, found their way into the hands and mouths of +those who were the least exhausted and the least enfeebled. A second line +of fierce supplicants succeeded to the first; and it was plain that, +unless some diversion were effected, the respectable quarter of Sicca had +found a worse enemy than the locust. + +The houses of the government _susceptor_, or tax collector, of the +_tabularius_ or registrar, of the _defensor_ or city counsel, and one or +two others, had already been the scene of collisions between the domestic +slaves and the multitude, when a demand was made upon the household of +another of the Curia, who held the office of Flamen Dialis. He was a +wealthy, easy-going man, generally popular, with no appetite for +persecution at all, but still no desire to be persecuted. He had more than +tolerated the Christians, and had at this time a Christian among his +slaves. This was a Greek, a splendid cook and perfumer, and he would not +have lost him for a large sum of money. However, life and limb were nearer +to him even than his dinner, and a Jonah must be cast overboard to save +the ship. In trepidation, yet with greater satisfaction, his +fellow-domestics thrust the poor helpless man out of the house, and +secured the door behind him. He was a man of middle age, of a grave +aspect, and he looked silently and calmly upon the infuriated and yelling +multitude, who were swarming up the hill about him, and swelling the +number of his persecutors. What had been his prospects, had he remained in +his earthly master’s service? his fill of meat and drink while he was +strong and skilful, the stocks or scourge if he ever failed to please him, +and the old age and death of the worn-out hack who once has caracoled in +the procession, or snorted at the coming fight. What are his prospects +now? a moment’s agony, a martyr’s death, and the everlasting beatific +vision of Him for whom he died. The multitude cry out, “To the ass or to +the lion!” worship the ass, or fight the lion. He was dragged to the ass’s +head and commanded to kneel down before the irrational beast. In the +course of a minute he had lifted up his eyes to heaven, had signed himself +with the cross, had confessed his Saviour, and had been torn to pieces by +the multitude. They anticipated the lion of the amphitheatre. + +A lull followed, sure to be succeeded by a fresh storm. Not every +household had a Christian cook to make a victim of. Plunder, riot, and +outrage were becoming the order of the day; successive messengers were +sent up in breathless haste to the capitol and the camp for aid, but the +Romans returned for answer that they had enough to do in defending the +government buildings and offices. They suggested measures, however, for +putting the mob on a false scent, or involving them in some difficult or +tedious enterprise, which would give the authorities time for +deliberation, and for taking the rioters at disadvantage. If the +magistrates could get them out of the city, it would be a great point; +they could then shut the gates upon them, and deal with them as they +would. In that case, too, the insurgents would straggle, and divide, and +then they might be disposed of in detail. They were showing symptoms of +returning fury, when a voice suddenly cried out, “Agellius the Christian! +Agellius the sorcerer! Agellius to the lions! To the farm of Varius—to the +cottage of Agellius—to the south-west gate!” A sudden yell burst forth +from the vast multitude when the voice ceased. The impulse had been given +as at the first; the tide of human beings ebbed and retreated, and, +licking the base of the hill, rushed vehemently on one side, and roared +like a torrent towards the south-west. Juba, thy prophecy is soon to be +fulfilled! The locusts will bring more harm on thy brother’s home than +imperial edict or local magistrate. The decline of day will hardly prevent +the visitation. + + + + + + CHAPTER XVIII. + + + AGELLIUS FLITS. + + +A change had passed over the fair face of Nature, as seen from the cottage +of Agellius, since that evening on which our story opened; and it is so +painful to contemplate waste, decay, and disappointment, that we mean to +say little about it. There was the same cloudless sky as then; and the sun +travelled in its silent and certain course, with even a more intense +desire than then to ripen grain and fruit for the use of man; but its +occupation was gone, for fruit and grain were not, nor man to collect and +to enjoy them. A dark broad shadow passed across the beautiful prospect +and disfigured it. When you looked more closely, it was as if a fire had +burned up the whole surface included under that shadow, and had stripped +the earth of its clothing. Nothing had escaped; not a head of khennah, not +a rose or carnation, not an orange or an orange blossom, not a _boccone_, +not a cluster of unripe grapes, not a berry of the olive, not a blade of +grass. Gardens, meadows, vineyards, orchards, copses, instead of rejoicing +in the rich variety of hue which lately was their characteristic, were now +reduced to one dreary cinder-colour. The smoke of fires was actually +rising from many points, where the spoilt and poisonous vegetation was +burning in heaps, or the countless corpses of the invading foe, or of the +cattle, or of the human beings whom the pestilence had carried off. The +most furious inroad of savage hordes, of Vandals, or of Saracens, who were +destined at successive eras to come and waste that country, could not have +spread such thorough desolation. The slaves of the farm of Varius were +sorrowfully turning to a new employment, that of clearing away the wreck +and disappointment of the bright spring from flower-bed, vineyard, and +field. + +It was on the forenoon of the eventful day whose course we have been +tracing in the preceding Chapters, that a sharp-looking boy presented +himself to Agellius, who was directing his labourers in their work. “I am +come from Jucundus,” he said; “he has instant need of you. You are to go +with me, and by my way; and this is the proof I tell you truth. He sends +you this note, and wishes you in a bad time the best gifts of Bacchus and +Ceres.” + +Agellius took the tablets, and went with them across the road to the place +where Cæcilius was at work, in appearance a slave. The letter ran +thus:—“Jucundus to Agellius. I trust you are well enough to move; you are +not safe for many days in your cottage; there is a rising this morning +against the Christians, and you may be visited. Unless you are ambitious +of Styx and Tartarus, follow the boy without questioning.” Agellius showed +the letter to the priest. + +“We are no longer safe here, my father,” he said; “whither shall we go? +Let us go together. Can you take me to Carthage?” + +“Carthage is quite as dangerous,” answered Cæcilius, “and Sicca is more +central. We can but leap into the sea at Carthage; here there are many +lines to retreat upon. I am known there, I am not known here. Here, too, I +hear all that goes on through the proconsulate and Numidia.” + +“But what can we do?” asked Agellius; “here we cannot remain, and you at +least cannot venture into the city. Somewhither we must go, and where is +that?” + +The priest thought. “We must separate,” he said. The tears came into +Agellius’s eyes. + +“Though I am a stranger,” continued Cæcilius, “I know more of the +neighbourhood of Sicca than you who are a native. There is a famous +Christian retreat on the north of the city, and by this time, I doubt not, +or rather I know, it is full of refugees. The fury of the enemy is +extending on all hands, and our brethren, from as far as Cirtha round to +Curubis, are falling back upon it. The only difficulty is how to get round +to it without going through Sicca.” + +“Let us go together,” said Agellius. + +Cæcilius showed signs of perplexity, and his mind retired into itself. He +seemed for the moment to be simply absent from the scene about him, but +soon his intelligence returned. “No,” he said, “we must separate,—for the +time; it will not be for long. That is, I suppose, your uncle will take +good care of you, and he has influence. We are safest just now when most +independent of each other. It is only for a while. We shall meet again +soon; I tell you so. Did we keep together just now, it would be the worse +for each of us. You go with the boy; I will go off to the place I +mentioned.” + +“O my father,” said the youth, “how will you get there? What shall I +suffer from my fears about you?” + +“Fear not,” answered Cæcilius, “mind, I tell you so. It will be a trying +time, but my hour is not yet come. I am good for years yet; so are you, +for many more than mine. He will protect and rescue me, though I know not +how. Go, leave me to myself, Agellius!” + +“O my father, my only stay upon earth, whom God sent me in my extreme +need, to whom I owe myself, must I then quit you; must a layman desert a +priest; the young the old?... Ah! it is I really, not you, who am without +protection. Angels surround you, father; but I am a poor wanderer. Give me +your blessing that evil may not touch me. I go.” + +“Do not kneel,” said the priest; “they will see you. Stop, I have got to +tell you how and where to find me.” He then proceeded to give him the +necessary instructions. “Walk out,” he said, “along the road to +Thibursicumbur to the third milestone, you will come to a country road; +pursue it; walk a thousand steps; then again for the space of seven +_paternosters_; and then speak to the man upon your right hand. And now +away with you, God speed you, we shall not long be parted,” and he made +the sign of the cross over him. + +“That old chap gives himself airs,” said the boy, when Agellius joined +him; “what may he be? one of your slaves, Agellius?” + +“You’re a pert boy,” answered he, “for asking me the question.” + +“They say the Christians brought the locusts,” said Firmian, “by their +enchantments; and there’s a jolly row beginning in the Forum just now. The +report goes that you are a Christian.” + +“That’s because your people have nothing better to do than talk against +their neighbours.” + +“Because you are so soft, rather,” said the boy. “Another man would have +knocked me down for saying it; but you are lackadaisical folk, who bear +insults tamely. Arnobius says your father was a Christian.” + +“Father and son are not always the same religion now-a-days,” said +Agellius. + +“Ay, ay,” answered Firmian, “but the Christians came from Egypt: and as +cook there is the son of cook, and soldier is son of soldier, so +Christian, take my word for it, is the son of a Christian.” + +“Christians boast, I believe,” answered Agellius, “that they are of no one +race or country, but are members of a large unpatriotic family, whose home +is in the sky.” + +“Christians,” answered the boy, “would never have framed the great Roman +empire; that was the work of heroes. Great Cæsar, Marius, Marcus Brutus, +Camillus, Cicero, Sylla, Lucullus, Scipio, could never have been +Christians. Arnobius says they are a skulking set of fellows.” + +“I suppose you wish to be a hero,” said Agellius. + +“I am to be a pleader,” answered Firmian; “I should like to be a great +orator like Cicero, and every one listening to me.” + +They were walking along the top of a mud wall, which separated Varius’s +farm from his neighbour’s, when suddenly Firmian, who led the way, leapt +down into a copse, which reached as far as the ravine in which the knoll +terminated towards Sicca. The boy still went forward by devious paths, +till they had mounted as high as the city wall. + +“You are bringing me where there is no entrance,” said Agellius. + +The boy laughed. “Jucundus told me to bring you by a blind way,” he said. +“You know best why. This is one of our ways in and out.” + +There was an aperture in the wall, and the bricks and stones about it were +loose, and admitted of removal. It was such a private way of passage as +schoolboys know of. On getting through, Agellius found himself in a +neglected garden or small close. Everything was silent about them, as if +the inhabitants were away; there was a great noise in the distance, as if +something unusual were going on in the heart of the town. The boy told him +to follow him as fast as he could without exciting remark; and, leading +him by lanes and alleys unknown to Agellius, at last brought him close +upon the scene of riot. At this time the expedition in search of +Christians had just commenced; to cross the Forum was to shorten his +journey, and perhaps was safer than to risk meeting the mob in the +streets. Firmian took the step; and while their attention was directed +elsewhere, brought Agellius safely through it. They then proceeded +cautiously as before, till they stood before the back door of the house of +Jucundus. + +“Say a good word for me to your uncle,” said the boy, “I have done my job. +He must remember me handsomely at the Augustalia,” and he ran away. + + + +Meanwhile Cæcilius had been anxiously considering the course which it was +safest for him to pursue. He must move, but he must wait till dusk, when +the ways were clear, and the light uncertain. Till then he must keep close +in-doors. There was a remarkable cavern in the mountains above Sicca, +which had been used as a place of refuge for Christians from the very time +they had first suffered persecution in Roman Africa. No spot in its whole +territory seemed more fit for what is called a base of operations, from +which the soldiers of the Cross might advance, or to which they might +retire, according as the fury of their enemy grew or diminished. While it +was in the midst of a wilderness difficult of access, and feared as the +resort of ghosts and evil influences, it was not far from a city near to +which the high roads met from Hippo and from Carthage. A branch of the +Bagradas, navigable for boats, opened a way from it through the woods, +where flight and concealment were easy on a surprise, as far as Madaura, +Vacca, and other places; at the same time it commanded the vast plain on +the south which extended to the roots of the Atlas. Just now, the +persecution growing, many deacons, other ecclesiastics, and prominent +laymen from all parts of the country had fallen back upon this cavern or +grotto; and in no place could Cæcilius have better means than here of +learning the general state of affairs, and of communicating with countries +beyond the seas. He was indeed on his way thither, when the illness of +Agellius made it a duty for him to stop and restore him, and attend to his +spiritual needs; and he had received an inward intimation, on which he +implicitly relied, to do so. + +The problem at this moment was how to reach the refuge in question. His +direct road lay through Sicca; this being impracticable at present, he had +to descend into the ravine which lay between him and the city, and, +turning to the left, to traverse the broad plain, the Campus Martius of +Sicca, into which it opened. Here the mountain would rise abruptly on his +right with those steep cliffs which we have already described as rounding +the north side of Sicca. He must traverse many miles before he could reach +the point at which the rock lost its precipitous character, and changed +into a declivity allowing the traveller to ascend. It was a bold +undertaking; for all this he had to accomplish in the dark before the +morning broke, a stranger too to the locality, and directing his movements +only by the information of others, which, however accurate and distinct, +could scarcely be followed, even if without risk of error, at least +without misgiving. However, could he master this point before the morning +he was comparatively safe; he then had to strike into the solitary +mountains, and to retrace his steps for a while towards Sicca along the +road, till he came to a place where he knew that Christian scouts or +_videttes_ (as they may be called) were always stationed. + +This being his plan, and there being no way of mending it, our confessor +retired into the cottage, and devoted the intervening hours to intercourse +with that world from which his succour must come. He set himself to +intercede for the Holy Catholic Church throughout the world, now for the +most part under persecution, and for the Roman Empire, not yet holy, which +was the instrument of the evil powers against her. He had to pray for the +proconsulate, for Numidia, Mauretania, and the whole of Africa; for the +Christian communities throughout it, for the cessation of the trial then +present, and for the fortitude and perseverance of all who were tried. He +had to pray for his own personal friends, his penitents, converts, +enemies; for children, catechumens, neophytes; for those who were +approaching the Church, for those who had fallen away, or were falling +away from her; for all heretics, for all troublers of unity, that they +might be reclaimed. He had to confess, bewail and deprecate the many sins +and offences which he knew of, foreboded, or saw in prospect as to come. +Scarcely had he entered on his charge at Carthage four years before, when +he had had to denounce one portentous scandal in which a sacred order of +the ministry was implicated. What internal laxity did not that scandal +imply! And then again what a low standard of religion, what niggardly +faith, and what worn-out, used-up sanctity in the community at large, was +revealed in the fact of those frequent apostasies of individuals which +then were occurring! He prayed fervently that both from the bright pattern +of martyrs, and from the warning afforded by the lapsed, the Christian +body might be edified and invigorated. He saw with great anxiety two +schisms in prospect, when the persecution should come to an end, one from +the perverseness of those who were too rigid, the other from those who +were too indulgent towards the fallen; and in proportion to his gift of +prescience was the earnestness of his intercession that the wounds of the +Church might be healed with the least possible delay. He then turned to +the thought of his own correspondence then in progress with the Holy Roman +Church, which had lately lost its bishop by martyrdom. This indeed was no +unusual event with the see of Peter, in which the successors of Peter +followed Peter’s steps, as Peter had been bidden to follow the King and +Exemplar of Martyrs. But the special trouble was, that months had passed, +full five, since the vacancy occurred, and it had not yet been supplied. +Then he thought of Fabian, who made the vacancy, and who had already +passed through that trial which was to bring to so many Christians life or +condemnation, and he commended himself to his prayers against the hour of +his own combat. He thought of Fabian’s work, and went on to intercede for +the remnant of the seven apostles whom that Pope had sent into Gaul, and +some of whom had already obtained the martyr’s crown. He prayed that the +day might come, when not the cities only of that fair country, but its +rich champaigns and sunny slopes should hear the voice of the missionary. +He prayed in like manner for Britain, that the successful work of another +Pope, St. Eleutherius, might be extended even to its four seas. And then +he prayed for the neighbouring island on the west, still in heathen +darkness, and for the endless expanse of Germany on the east, that there +too the one saving name and glorious Faith might be known and accepted. + +His thoughts then travelled back to Rome and Italy, and to the martyrdoms +which had followed that of St. Fabian. Two Persians had already suffered +in the imperial city; Maximus had lost his life, and Felix had been +imprisoned, at Nola. Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt had already afforded +victims to the persecution, and cried aloud to all Christians for their +most earnest prayers and for repeated Masses in behalf of those who +remained under the trial. Babylas, Bishop of Antioch, the third see in +Christendom, was already martyred in that city. Here again Cæcilius had a +strong call on him for intercession, for a subtle form of freethinking was +there manifesting itself, the issue of which was as uncertain as it might +be frightful. The Bishop of Alexandria, that second of the large divisions +or patriarchates of the Church, the great Dionysius, the pupil of Origen, +was an exile from his see, like himself. The messenger who brought this +news to Carthage had heard at Alexandria a report from Neocæsarea, that +Gregory, another pupil of Origen’s, the Apostle of Pontus, had also been +obliged to conceal himself from the persecution. As for Origen himself, +the aged, laborious, gifted, zealous teacher of his time, he was just then +engaged in answering the works of an Epicurean called Celsus, and on him +too the persecution was likely to fall; and Cæcilius prayed earnestly that +so great a soul might be kept from such high untrue speculations as were +threatening evil at Antioch, and from every deceit and snare which might +endanger his inheriting that bright crown which ought to be his portion in +heaven. Another remarkable report had come, viz., that some young men of +Egypt had retired to the deserts up the country under the stress of the +persecution,—Paul was the name of one of them,—and that they were there +living in the practice of mortification and prayer so singular, and had +combats with the powers of darkness and visitations from above so special, +as to open quite a new era in the spiritual history of the Church. + +And then his thoughts came back to his poor Agellius, and all those +hundred private matters of anxiety which the foes of the Church, occupied +only with her external aspect, little suspected. For Agellius, he prayed, +and for his; for the strange wayward Juba, for Jucundus, for Callista; ah! +that Callista might be brought on to that glorious consummation, for which +she seemed marked out! But the ways of the Most High are not as our ways, +and those who to us seem nearest are often furthest from Him; and so our +holy priest left the whole matter in the hands of Him to whom he prayed, +satisfied that he had done his part in praying. + +This was the course of thought which occupied him for many hours, after +(as we have said) he had closed the door upon him, and knelt down before +the cross. Not merely before the symbol of redemption did he kneel; for he +opened his tunic at the neck, and drew thence a small golden pyx which was +there suspended. In that carefully fastened case he possessed the Holiest, +his Lord and his God. That Everlasting Presence was his stay and guide +amid his weary wanderings, his joy and consolation amid his overpowering +anxieties. Behold the secret of his sweet serenity, and his clear +unclouded determination. He had placed it upon the small table at which he +knelt, and was soon absorbed in meditation and intercession. + + + + + + CHAPTER XIX. + + + A PASSAGE OF ARMS. + + +How many hours passed while Cæcilius was thus employed, he did not know. +The sun was declining when he was roused by a noise at the door. He +hastily restored the sacred treasure to its hiding-place in his breast, +and rose up from his knees. The door was thrown back, and a female form +presented itself at the opening. She looked in at the priest, and said, +“Then Agellius is not here?” + +The woman was young, tall, and graceful in person. She was clad in a +yellow cotton tunic, reaching to her feet, on which were shoes. The clasps +at her shoulders, partly visible under the short cloak or shawl which was +thrown over them, and which might, if necessary, be drawn over her head, +seemed to serve the purpose, not only of fastening her dress, but of +providing her with sharp prongs or minute stilettos for her defence, in +case she fell in with ruffians by the way; and though the expression of +her face was most feminine, there was that about it which implied she +could use them for that purpose on an emergency. That face was clear in +complexion, regular in outline, and at the present time pale, whatever +might be its ordinary tint. Its charm was a noble and majestic calm. There +is the calm of divine peace and joy; there is the calm of heartlessness; +there is the calm of reckless desperation; there is the calm of death. +None of these was the calm which breathed from the features of the +stranger who intruded upon the solitude of Cæcilius. It was the calm of +Greek sculpture; it imaged a soul nourished upon the visions of genius, +and subdued and attuned by the power of a strong will. There was no +appearance of timidity in her manner; very little of modesty. The evening +sun gleamed across her amber robe, and lit it up till it glowed like fire, +as if she were invested in the marriage _flammeum_, and was to be claimed +that evening as the bride of her own bright god of day. + +She looked at Cæcilius, first with surprise, then with anxiety; and her +words were, “You, I fear, are of his people. If so, make the most of these +hours. The foe may be on you to-morrow morning. Fly while you can.” + +“If I am a Christian,” answered Cæcilius, “what are you who are so careful +of us? Have you come all the way from Sicca to give the alarm to mere +atheists and magic-mongers?” + +“Stranger,” she said, “if you had seen what I have seen, what I have heard +of to-day, you would not wonder at my wish to save from a like fate the +vilest being on earth. A hideous mob is rioting in the city, thirsting for +the blood of Christians; an accident may turn it in the direction of +Agellius. He is gone; where is he? Murderous outrages have already been +perpetrated; you remain.” + +“She who is so tender of Christians,” answered the priest, “must herself +have some sparks of the Christian flame in her own breast.” + +Callista sat down half unconsciously upon the bench or stool near the +door; but she at once suddenly started up again, and said, “Away, fly! +perhaps they are coming; where is he?” + +“Fear not,” said Cæcilius; “Agellius has been conveyed away to a safe +hiding-place; for me, I shall be taken care of; there is no need for +hurry; sit down again. But you,” he continued, “you must not be found +here.” + +“They know _me_,” she said; “I am well known here. I work for the temples. +I have nothing to fear. I am no Christian;” and, as if from an +inexplicable overruling influence, she sat down again. + +“Not a Christian yet, you mean,” answered Cæcilius. + +“A person must be born a Christian, sir,” she replied, “in order to take +up the religion. It is a very beautiful idea, as far as I have heard +anything about it; but one must suck it in with one’s mother’s milk.” + +“If so, it never could have come into the world,” said the priest. + +She paused for a while. “It is true,” she answered at length; “but a new +religion begins by appealing to what is peculiar in the minds of a few. +The doctrine, floating on the winds, finds its own; it takes possession of +their minds; they answer its call; they are brought together by that +common influence; they are strong in each other’s sympathy; they create +and throw around them an external form, and thus they found a religion. +The sons are brought up in their fathers’ faith; and what was the idea of +a few becomes at length the profession of a race. Such is Judaism; such +the religion of Zoroaster, or of the Egyptians.” + +“You will find,” said the priest, “that the greater number of African +Christians at this moment, for of them I speak confidently, are converts +in manhood, not the sons of Christians. On the other hand, if there be +those who have left the faith, and gone up to the capitol to sacrifice, +these were Christians by hereditary profession. Such is my experience, and +I think the case is the same elsewhere.” + +She seemed to be speaking more for the sake of getting answers than of +objecting arguments. She paused again, and thought; then she said, +“Mankind is made up of classes of very various mental complexion, as +distinct from each other as the colours which meet the eye. Red and blue +are incommensurable; and in like manner, a Magian never can become a +Greek, nor a Greek a Cœlicolist. They do but make themselves fools when +they attempt it.” + +“Perhaps the most deeply convinced, the most tranquil-minded in the +Christian body,” answered Cæcilius, “will tell you, on the contrary, that +there was a time when they hated Christianity, and despised and +ill-treated its professors.” + +“_I_ never did any such thing,” cried Callista, “since the day I first +heard of it. I am not its enemy, but I cannot believe in it. I am sure I +never could; I never, never should be able.” + +“What is it you cannot believe?” asked the priest. + +“It seems too beautiful,” she said, “to be anything else than a dream. It +is a thing to talk about, but when you come near its professors you see it +is impossible. A most beautiful imagination, _that_ is what it is. Most +beautiful its precepts, as far as I have heard of them; so beautiful, that +in idea there is no difficulty. The mind runs along with them, as if it +could accomplish them without an effort. Well, its maxims are too +beautiful to be realized; and then on the other hand, its dogmas are too +dismal, too shocking, too odious to be believed. They revolt me.” + +“Such as what?” asked Cæcilius. + +“Such as this,” answered Callista. “Nothing will ever make me believe that +all my people have gone and will go to an eternal Tartarus.” + +“Had we not better confine ourselves to something more specific, more +tangible?” asked Cæcilius, gravely. “I suppose if one individual may have +that terrible lot, another may—both may, many may. Suppose I understand +you to say that you never will believe that _you_ will go to an eternal +Tartarus.” + +Callista gave a slight start, and showed some uneasiness or displeasure. + +“Is it not likely,” continued he, “that you are better able to speak of +yourself, and to form a judgment about yourself, than about others? +Perhaps if you could first speak confidently about yourself, you would be +in a better position to speak about others also.” + +“Do you mean,” she said, in a calm tone, “that my place, after this life, +is an everlasting Tartarus?” + +“Are you happy?” he asked in turn. + +She paused, looked down, and in a deep clear voice said, “No.” There was a +silence. + +The priest began again: “Perhaps you have been growing in unhappiness for +years; is it so? you assent. You have a heavy burden at your heart, you +don’t well know what. And the chance is, that you _will_ grow in +unhappiness for the next ten years to come. You will be more and more +unhappy the longer you live. Did you live till you were an old woman, you +would not know how to bear your existence.” + +Callista cried out as if in bodily pain, “It is true, sir, whoever told +you. But how can you have the heart to say it, to insult and mock me!” + +“God forbid!” exclaimed Cæcilius, “but let me go on. Listen, my child. Be +brave, and dare to look at things as they are. Every day adds to your +burden. This is a law of your present being, somewhat more certain than +the assertion which you just now so confidently made, the impossibility of +your believing in that law. You cannot refuse to accept what is not an +opinion, but a fact. I say this burden which I speak of is not simply a +dogma of our creed, it is an undeniable fact of nature. You cannot change +it by wishing; if you were to live on earth two hundred years, it would +not be reversed, it would be more and more true. At the end of two hundred +years you would be too miserable even for your worst enemy to rejoice in +it.” + +Cæcilius spoke, as if half in soliloquy or meditation, though he was +looking towards Callista. The contrast between them was singular: he thus +abstracted; she too, utterly forgetful of self, but absorbed in him, and +showing it by her eager eyes, her hushed breath, her anxious attitude. At +last she said impatiently, “Father, you are speaking to yourself; you +despise me.” + +The priest looked straight at her with an open, untroubled smile, and +said, “Callista, do not doubt me, my poor child; you are in my heart. I +was praying for you shortly before you appeared. No; but, in so serious a +matter as attempting to save a soul, I like to speak to you in my Lord’s +sight. I am speaking to you, indeed I am, my child; but I am also pleading +with you on His behalf, and before His throne.” + +His voice trembled as he spoke, but he soon recovered himself. “Suffer +me,” he said. “I was saying that if you lived five hundred years on earth, +you would but have a heavier load on you as time went on. But you will not +live, you will die. Perhaps you will tell me that you will then cease to +be. I don’t believe you think so. I may take for granted that you think +with me, and with the multitude of men, that you will still live, that you +will still be _you_. You will still be the same being, but deprived of +those outward stays and reliefs and solaces, which, such as they are, you +now enjoy. You will be yourself, shut up in yourself. I have heard that +people go mad at length when placed in solitary confinement. If, then, on +passing hence, you are cut off from what you had here, and have only the +company of yourself, I think your burden will be, so far, greater, not +less than it is now. + +“Suppose, for instance, you had still your love of conversing, and could +not converse; your love of the poets of your race, and no means of +recalling them; your love of music, and no instrument to play upon; your +love of knowledge, and nothing to learn; your desire of sympathy, and no +one to love: would not that be still greater misery? + +“Let me proceed a step further: supposing you were among those whom you +actually did _not_ love; supposing you did _not_ like them, nor their +occupations, and could not understand their aims; suppose there be, as +Christians say, one Almighty God, and you did not like Him, and had no +taste for thinking of Him, and no interest in what He was and what He did; +and supposing you found that there was nothing else anywhere but He, whom +you did not love and whom you wished away: would you not be still more +wretched? + +“And if this went on for ever, would you not be in great inexpressible +pain for ever? + +“Assuming then, first, that the soul always needs external objects to rest +upon; next, that it has no prospect of any such when it leaves this +visible scene; and thirdly, that the hunger and thirst, the gnawing of the +heart, where it occurs, is as keen and piercing as a flame; it will follow +there is nothing irrational in the notion of an eternal Tartarus.” + +“I cannot answer you, sir,” said Callista, “but I do not believe the dogma +on that account a whit the more. My mind revolts from the notion. There +_must_ be some way out of it.” + +“If, on the other hand,” continued Cæcilius, not noticing her +interruption, “if all your thoughts go one way; if you have needs, +desires, aims, aspirations, all of which demand an Object, and imply, by +their very existence, that such an Object does exist also; and if nothing +here does satisfy them, and if there be a message which professes to come +from that Object, of whom you already have the presentiment, and to teach +you about Him, and to bring the remedy you crave; and if those who try +that remedy say with one voice that the remedy answers; are you not bound, +Callista, at least to look that way, to inquire into what you hear about +it, and to ask for His help, if He be, to enable you to believe in Him?” + +“This is what a slave of mine used to say,” cried Callista, abruptly; “... +and another, Agellius, hinted the same thing.... What is your remedy, what +your Object, what your love, O Christian teacher? Why are you all so +mysterious, so reserved in your communications?” + +Cæcilius was silent for a moment, and seemed at a loss for an answer. At +length he said, “Every man is in that state which you confess of yourself. +We have no love for Him who alone lasts. We love those things which do not +last, but come to an end. Things being thus, He whom we ought to love has +determined to win us back to Him. With this object He has come into His +own world, in the form of one of us men. And in that human form He opens +His arms and woos us to return to Him, our Maker. This is our Worship, +this is our Love, Callista.” + +“You talk as Chione,” Callista answered; “only that she felt, and you +teach. She could not speak of her Master without blushing for joy.... And +Agellius, when he said one word about his Master, he too began to +blush....” + +It was plain that the priest could hardly command his feelings, and they +sat for a short while in silence. Then Callista began, as if musing on +what she had heard. + +“A loved One,” she said, “yet ideal; a passion so potent, so fresh, so +innocent, so absorbing, so expulsive of other loves, so enduring, yet of +One never beheld;—mysterious! It is our own notion of the First and only +Fair, yet embodied in a substance, yet dissolving again into a sort of +imagination.... It is beyond me.” + +“There is but one Lover of souls,” cried Cæcilius, “and He loves each one +of us, as though there were no one else to love. He died for each one of +us, as if there were no one else to die for. He died on the shameful +cross. ‘Amor meus crucifixus est.’ The love which he inspires lasts, for +it is the love of the Unchangeable. It satisfies, for He is inexhaustible. +The nearer we draw to Him, the more triumphantly does He enter into us; +the longer He dwells in us, the more intimately have we possession of Him. +It is an espousal for eternity. This is why it is so easy for us to die +for our faith, at which the world marvels.” + +Presently he said, “Why will not _you_ approach Him? why will not you +leave the creature for the Creator?” + +Callista seldom lost her self-possession; for a moment she lost it now; +tears gushed from her eyes. “Impossible!” she said, “what, I? you do not +know me, father!” She paused, and then resumed in a different tone, “No! +_my_ lot is one way, yours another. I am a child of Greece, and have no +happiness but that, such as it is, which my own bright land, my own +glorious race, give me. I may well be content, I may well be resigned, I +may well be proud, if I possess _that_ happiness. I must live and die +where I have been born. I am a tree which will not bear transplanting. The +Assyrians, the Jews, the Egyptians, have their own mystical teaching. They +follow their happiness in their own way; mine is a different one. The +pride of mind, the revel of the intellect, the voice and eyes of genius, +and the fond beating heart, I cannot do without them. I cannot do without +what you, Christian, call sin. Let me alone; such as nature made me I will +be. I cannot change.” + +This sudden revulsion of her feelings quite overcame Cæcilius; yet, while +the disappointment thrilled through him, he felt a most strange sympathy +for the poor lost girl, and his reply was full of emotion. “Am _I_ a Jew?” +he exclaimed; “am _I_ an Egyptian, or an Assyrian? Have I from my youth +believed and possessed what now is my Life, my Hope, and my Love? Child, +_what_ was once my life? Am not _I_ too a brand plucked out of the fire? +Do _I_ deserve anything but evil? Is it not the Power, the Mighty Power of +the only Strong, the only Merciful, the grace of Emmanuel, which has +changed and won me? If He can change me, an old man, could He not change a +child like you? I, a proud, stern Roman; I, a lover of pleasure, a man of +letters, of political station, with formed habits, and life-long +associations, and complicated relations; was it _I_ who wrought this great +change in me, who gained for myself the power of hating what I once loved, +of unlearning what I once knew, nay, of even forgetting what once I was? +Who has made you and me to differ, but He who can, when He will, make us +to agree? It is His same Omnipotence which will transform _you_, if you +will but come to be transformed.” + +But a reaction had come over the proud and sensitive mind of the Greek +girl. “So after all, priest,” she said, “you are but a man like others; a +frail, guilty person like myself. I can find plenty of persons who do as I +do; I want some one who does not; I want some one to worship. I thought +there was something in you special and extraordinary. There was a +gentleness and tenderness mingled with your strength which was new to me. +I said, Here is at last a god. My own gods are earthly, sensual; I have no +respect for them, no faith in them. But there is nothing better anywhere +else.... Alas!...” She started up, and said with vehemence, “I thought you +sinless; you confess to crime.... Ah! how do I know,” she continued with a +shudder, “that you are better than those base hypocrites, priests of Isis +or Mithras, whose lustrations, initiations, new birth, white robes, and +laurel crowns, are but the instrument and cloak of their intense +depravity?” And she felt for the clasp upon her shoulder. + +Here her speech was interrupted by a hoarse sound, borne upon the wind as +of many voices blended into one and softened by the distance, but which, +under the circumstances, neither of the parties to the above conversation +had any difficulty in assigning to its real cause. “Dear father,” she +said, “the enemy is upon you.” + + + + + + CHAPTER XX. + + + HE SHALL NOT LOSE HIS REWARD. + + +There was no room for doubt or for delay. “What is to become of you, +Callista?” he said; “they will tear you to pieces.” + +“Fear nothing for me, father,” she answered; “I am one of them. They know +me. Alas, _I_ am no Christian! _I_ have not abjured their rites! but you, +lose not a moment.” + +“They are still at some distance,” he said, “though the wind gives us +merciful warning of their coming.” He looked about the room, and took up +the books of Holy Scripture which were on the shelf. “There is nothing +else,” he said, “of special value here. Agellius could not take them. +Here, my child, I am going to show you a great confidence. To few persons +not Christians would I show it. Take this blessed parchment; it contains +the earthly history of our Divine Master. Here you will see whom we +Christians love. Read it; keep it safely; surrender it, when you have the +opportunity, into Christian keeping. My mind tells me I am not wrong in +lending it to you.” He handed to her the Gospel of St. Luke, while he put +the two other volumes into the folds of his own tunic. + +“One word more,” she said; “your name, should I want you.” + +He took up a piece of chalk from the shelf, and wrote upon the wall in +distinct characters, + + “Thascius Cæcilius Cyprianus, Bishop of Carthage.” + +Hardly had she read the inscription when the voices of several men were +heard in the very neighbourhood of the cottage; and hoping to effect a +diversion in favour of Cæcilius, and being at once unsuspicious of danger +to herself, and careless of her life, she ran quickly forward to meet +them. Cæcilius ought to have taken to flight without a moment’s delay, but +a last sacred duty detained him. He knelt down and took the pyx from his +bosom. He had eaten nothing that day; but even if otherwise, it was a +crisis which allowed him to consume the sacred species without fasting. He +hastily opened the golden case, adored the blessed sacrament, and consumed +it, purifying its receptacle, and restoring it to its hiding-place. Then +he rose at once and left the cottage. + +He looked about; Callista was nowhere to be seen. She was gone; so much +was certain, no enemy was in sight; it only remained for him to make off +too. In the confusion he turned in the wrong direction; instead of making +off at the back of the cottage from which the voices had scared him, he +ran across the garden into the hollow way. It was all over with him in an +instant; he fell at once into the hands of the vanguard of the mob. + +Many mouths were opened upon him all at once. “The sorcerer!” cried one; +“tear him to shreds; _we’ll_ teach him to brew his spells against the +city.” “Give us back our grapes and corn,” said a second. “Have a guard,” +said a third; “he can turn you into swine or asses while there is breath +in him,” “Then be the quicker with him,” said a fourth, who was lifting up +a crowbar to discharge upon his head. “Hold!” said a tall swarthy youth, +who had already warded off several blows from him, “hold, will you? don’t +you see, if you kill him he can’t undo the spell. Make him first reverse +it all; make him take the curse off us. Bring him along; take him to +Astarte, Hercules, or old Saturn. We’ll broil him on a gridiron till he +turns all these canes into vines, and makes olive berries of the pebbles, +and turns the dust of the earth into fine flour for our eating. When he +has done all this he shall dance a jig with a wild cow, and sit down to +supper with an hyena.” + +A loud scream of exultation broke forth from the drunken and frantic +multitude. “Along with him!” continued the same speaker in a jeering tone. +“Here, put him on the ass and tie his hands behind his back. He shall go +back in triumph to the city which he loves. Mind, and don’t touch him +before the time. If you kill him, you’ll never get the curse off. Come +here, you priests of Cybele,” he added, “and be his body-guard.” And he +continued to keep a vigilant eye and hand over the old man, in spite of +them. + +The ass, though naturally a good-tempered beast, had been most sadly tried +through the day. He had been fed, indeed, out of mockery, as being the +Christians’ god; but he did not understand the shouts and caprices of the +crowd, and he only waited for an opportunity to show that he by no means +acquiesced in the proceedings of the day. And now the difficulty was to +move at all. The people kept crowding up the hollow road, and blocked the +passage, and though the greater part of the rioters had either been left +behind exhausted in Sicca itself, or had poured over the fields on each +side of Agellius’s cottage, or gone right over the hill down into the +valley beyond, yet still it was some time before the ass could move a +step, and a time of nervous suspense it was both to Cæcilius and the youth +who befriended him. At length what remained of the procession was +persuaded to turn about and make for Sicca, but in a reversed order. It +could not be brought round in so confined a space, so its rear went first +and the ass and its burden came last. As they descended the hill back +again, Cæcilius, who was mounted upon the linen and silk which had adorned +the Dea Syra before the Tertullianist had destroyed the idol, saw before +him the whole line of march. In front were flaunted the dreadful emblems +of idolatry, so far as their bearers were able still to raise them. +Drunken women, ragged boys mounted on men’s shoulders, ruffians and +bullies, savage-looking Getulians, half-human monsters from the Atlas, +monkeys and curs jabbering and howling, mummers, bacchanals, satyrs, and +gesticulators, formed the staple of the procession. Midway between the +hill which he was descending and the city lay the ravine, of which we have +several times spoken, widening out into the plain or Campus Martius, which +reached round to the steep cliffs on the north. The bridle-path, along +which he was moving, crossed it just where it was opening and became +level, so as to present no abrupt descent and ascent at the place where +the path was lowest. On the left every vestige of the ravine soon ceased, +and a free passage extended to the plain. + +The youth who had placed Cæcilius on the ass still kept close to him and +sung at the pitch of his voice, in imitation of the rest— + + “Sporting and snorting in shades of the night, + His ears pricking up, and his hoofs striking light, + And his tail whisking round, in the speed of his flight.” + +“Old man,” he continued to Cæcilius in a low voice, and in Latin, “your +curse has not worked on me yet.” + +“My son,” answered the priest, “you are granted one day more for +repentance.” + +“Lucky for you as well as for me,” was the reply: and he continued his +song:— + + “Gurta, the witch, was out with the rest; + Though as lame as a gull, by his highness possessed, + She shouldered her crutch, and danced with the best. + + “She stamped and she twirled in the shade of the yew, + Till her gossips and chums of the city danced too; + They never are slack when there’s mischief to do. + + “She danced and she coaxed, but he was no fool; + He’d be his own master, he’d not be her tool: + Not the little black moor should send him to school.” + +He then turned to Cæcilius and whispered, “You see, old father, that +others, besides Christians, can forgive and forget. Henceforth call me +generous Juba.” And he tossed his head. + +By this time they had got to the bottom of the hill, and the deep shadows +which filled the hollow showed that the sun was rapidly sinking in the +west. Suddenly, as they were crossing the bottom as it opened into the +plain, Juba seized and broke the thong which bound Cæcilius’s arms, and +bestowing a tremendous cut with it upon the side of the ass, sent him +forward upon the plain at his greatest speed. The youth’s manœuvre was +successful to the full. The asses of Africa can do more on an occasion of +this kind than our own. Cæcilius for the moment lost his seat; but, +instantly recovering it, took care to keep the animal from flagging; and +the cries of the mob, and the howlings of the priests of Cybele cooperated +in the task. At length the gloom, increasing every minute, hid him from +their view; and even in daylight his recapture would have been a difficult +matter for a wearied-out, famished, and intoxicated rabble. Before +Cæcilius well had time to return thanks for this unexpected turn of +events, he was out of pursuit, and was ambling at a pace more suitable to +the habits of the beast of burden that carried him, over an expanse of +plain which would have been a formidable night-march to a fasting man. + + + +We must not conclude the day without relating what was its issue to the +persecutors, as well as to their intended victim. It is almost a proverb +that punishment is slow in overtaking crime; but the present instance was +an exception to the rule. While the exiled Bishop of Carthage escaped, the +crowd, on the other hand, were caught in the trap which had been laid for +them. We have already said it was a _ruse_ on the part of the governing +authorities of the place to get the rioters out of the city, that they +might at once be relieved of them, and then deal with them just as they +might think fit. When the mob was once outside the walls, they might be +refused re-admittance, and put down with a strong hand. The Roman +garrison, who, powerless to quell the tumult in the narrow and winding +streets and multiplied alleys of the city, had been the authors of the +manœuvre, now took on themselves the stern completion of it, and +determined to do so in the sternest way. Not a single head of all those +who poured out in the afternoon should return at night. It was not to be +supposed that the soldiers had any tenderness for the Christians, but they +abominated and despised the rabble of the town. They were indignant at +their rising, thought it a personal insult to themselves, and resolved +they should never do so again. The gates were commonly in the custody of +the city guard, but the Porta Septimiana, by which the mob passed out, was +on this occasion claimed by the Romans. It was most suitably circumstanced +for the use they intended to make of it. Immediately outside of it was a +large court of the same level as the ground inside, bordered on the right +and left by substantial walls, which after a time were drawn to meet each +other, and contracted the space to the usual breadth of a road. The walls +continued to run along this road for some distance, till they joined the +way which led to the Campus Martius, and from this point the ground was +open till it reached the head of the ravine. The soldiers drew up at the +gate, and as the worn-out and disappointed, brutalized and half-idiotic +multitudes returned towards it from the country, those who were behind +pushed on between the border walls those who were in front, and, while +they jammed together their ranks, also made escape impossible. It was now +that the Roman soldiers began their barbarous, not to say cowardly, +assault upon them. With heavy maces, with the pike, with iron gauntlets, +with stones and bricks, with clubs, with scourge, with the sword, with the +helmet, with whatever came to hand, they commenced the massacre of that +large concourse of human beings, who did not offer one blow in return. +They slaughtered them like sheep; they trampled them down; they threw the +bodies of the wounded over the walls. Attempting to run back, numbers of +the poor wretches came into conflict with the ranks behind them, and an +additional scene of confusion and overthrow took place; many of them +straggled over to the open country or woods, and perished, either from the +weather, or from hunger, or even from the wild beasts. Others, weakened by +excess and famine, fell a prey to the pestilence that was raging. After +some days a remnant of them was allowed silently and timidly to steal back +into the city as best they could. It was a long day before the Plebs +Siccensis ventured to have any opinion of its own upon the subject of +Christianity, or any other political, social, or ecclesiastical topic +whatever. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXI. + + + STARTLING RUMOURS. + + +When Jucundus rose next morning, and heard the news, he considered it to +be more satisfactory than he could have supposed possible. He was a +zealous imperialist, and a lover of tranquillity, a despiser of the +natives and a hater of the Christians. The Christians had suffered enough +to vindicate the Roman name, to deter those who were playing at +Christianity, and to show that the people of Sicca had their eyes about +them. And the mob had received a severe lesson too; and the cause of +public order had triumphed, and civic peace was re-established. His +anxiety, too, about Agellius had terminated, or was terminating. He had +privately denounced him to the government, come to an understanding with +the military authorities, and obtained the custody of him. He had met him +at the very door to which the boy Firmian brought him, with an apparitor +of the military staff (or what answered to it), and had clapped him into +prison in an underground cellar in which he kept damaged images, and those +which had gone out of fashion, and were otherwise unsaleable. He was not +at all sorry, by some suffering, and by some fright, to aid the more +potent incantation which Callista was singing in his ears. He did not, +however, at all forget Juba’s hint, and was careful not to overdo the +rack-and-gridiron dodge, if we may so designate it; yet he thought just a +flavour or a thought of the inconveniences which the profession of +Christianity involved might be a salutary reflection in the midst of the +persuasives which the voice and eyes of Callista would kindle in his +heart. There was nothing glorious or heroic in being confined in a lumber +cellar, no one knowing anything about it; and he did not mean to keep him +there for ever. + +As the next day wore on towards evening, rumour brought a piece of news +which he was at first utterly unable to credit, and which for the moment +seemed likely to spoil the appetite which promised so well for his evening +repast. He could hardly believe his ears when he was told that Callista +was in arrest on a charge of Christianity, and at first it made him look +as black as some of those Egyptian gods which he had on one shelf of his +shop. However, he rallied, and was very much amused at the report. The +imprisonment indeed was a fact, account for it as one could; but who +_could_ account for it? “Varium et mutabile:” who could answer for the +whims and fancies of womankind? If she had fallen in love with the owl of +Minerva, or cut off her auburn tresses, or turned rope-dancer, there might +have been some shrugging of shoulders, but no one would have tried to +analyze the motive; but so much his profound sagacity enabled him to see, +that, if there was one thing more than another likely to sicken Agellius +of Christianity, it was to find one who was so precious to him suffering +from the suspicion of it. It was bad enough to have suffered one’s self in +such a cause; still he could conceive, he was large-minded enough to +grant, that Agellius might have some secret satisfaction in the antagonist +feeling of resentment and obstinacy which that suffering might engender: +but it was carrying matters too far, and no comfort in any point of view, +to find Callista, his beloved, the object of a similar punishment. It was +all very well to profess Christianity as a matter of sentiment, mystery, +and singularity; but when it was found to compromise the life or limbs of +another, and that other Callista, why it was plain that Agellius would be +the very first to try and entreat the wayward girl to keep her good looks +for him, and to be loyal to the gods of her country; and he chuckled over +the thought, as others have done in other states of society, of a +love-scene or a marriage being the termination of so much high romance and +fine acting. + +However, the next day Aristo came down to him himself, and gave him an +account at once more authentic and more extended on the matter which +interested him. Callista had been called up before the tribunal, and had +not been discharged, but remanded. The meaning of it was as obscure as +ever; Aristo could give no account of it; it almost led him to believe in +the evil eye; some unholy practices, some spells such as only potent +wizards know, some deplorable delusion or hallucination, had for the time +got the mastery of his sister’s mind. No one seemed quite to know how she +had found her way into the hands of the officers; but there she was, and +the problem was how to get her out of them. + +However, whatever mystery, whatever anxiety, attached to the case, it was +only still more urgent to bring the matter home to Agellius without delay. +If time went on before the parties were brought together, she might grow +more obstinate, and kindle a like spirit in him. Oh that boys and girls +_would_ be giving old people, who wish them well, so much trouble! +However, it was no good thinking of that just then. He considered that, at +the present moment, they would not be able to bear the sight of each other +in suffering and peril; that mutual tenderness would make them plead with +each other in each other’s behalf, and that each would be obliged to set +the example to each of a concession, to which each exhorted each; and on +this fine philosophical view he proceeded to act. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXII. + + + JUCUNDUS PROPOUNDS HIS VIEW OF THE SITUATION. + + +For thirty-six hours Agellius had been confined in his underground +receptacle, light being almost excluded, a bench and a rug being his means +of repose, and a full measure of bread, wine, and olives being his dole. +The shrieks and yells of the rioters could be distinctly heard in his +prison, as the day of his seizure went on, and they passed by the temple +of Astarte; but what happened at his farm, and how it fared with Cæcilius, +he had no means of conjecturing; nor indeed how it was to fare with +himself, for on the face of the transaction, as was in form the fact, he +was in the hands of the law, and only indulged with the house of a +relative for his prison. On the second night he was released by his +uncle’s confidential slave, who brought him up to a small back closet on +the ground floor, which was lighted from the roof, and next morning, being +the second day after the riot, Jucundus came in to have his confidential +conversation with him. + +His uncle began by telling him that he was a government prisoner, but that +he hoped by his influence in high places to get him off and out of Sicca +without any prejudice to his honour. He told him that he had managed it +privately, and if he had treated him with apparent harshness up to the +evening before, it was in order to save appearances with the apparitors +who had attended him. He then went on to inform him that the mob had +visited his cottage, and had caught some man there; he supposed some +accomplice or ally of his nephew’s. They had seized him, and were bringing +him off, but the fellow had been clever enough to effect his escape. He +did not know more than this, but it had happened very fortunately, for the +general belief in the place was, that it was Agellius who had been taken, +and who had managed to give them the slip. Since it could not any longer +be safely denied that he was a Christian, though he (Jucundus) did not +think so himself, he had encouraged or rather had given his confirmation +to the report; and when some persons who had means of knowing had asserted +that the culprit was double the age of his nephew and more, and not at all +of his make or description, but a sort of slave, or rather that he was the +slave of Agellius who had belonged to his father Strabo, Jucundus had +boldly asserted that Agellius, in the emergency, had availed himself of +some of the remarkably powerful charms which Christians were known to +possess, and had made himself seem what he really was not, in order to +escape detection. It had not indeed answered the purpose entirely, for he +had actually been taken; but no blame in the charm, which perhaps, after +all, had enabled him to escape. However, Agellius was gone, he told +people, and a good riddance, and he hoped never to see him again. “But you +see, my dear boy,” he concluded, “this was all talk for the occasion, for +I hope you will live here many years in respectability and credit. I +intend you should close my eyes when my time comes, and inherit whatever I +have to leave you; for as to that fellow Juba, he inspires me with no +confidence in him at all.” + +Agellius thanked his uncle with all his heart for his kind and successful +efforts on his behalf; he did not think there was a word he had said, in +the future he had sketched for him, which he could have wished altered. +But he thought Jucundus over-sanguine; much as he should like to live with +him and tend him in his old age, he did not think he should ever be +permitted to return to Sicca. He was a Christian, and must seek some +remote corner of the world, or at least some city where he was unknown. +Every one in Sicca would point at him as the Christian; he would +experience a thousand rubs and collisions, even if the mob did not rise +against him, without corresponding advantage; on the other hand, he would +have no influence. But were he in the midst of a powerful and +widely-extended community of Christians, he might in his place do work, +and might extend the faith as one of a number, unknown himself, and strong +in his brethren. He therefore proposed as soon as possible to sell his +effects and stock, and retire from the sight of men, at least for a time. + +“You think this persecution, then, will be soon at an end?” asked +Jucundus. + +“I judge by the past,” answered Agellius; “there have been times of trial +and of rest hitherto, and I suppose it will be so again. And one place has +hitherto been exempt from the violence of our enemies, when another has +been the scene of it.” + +“A new time is coming, trust me,” said Jucundus, gravely. “Those popular +commotions are all over. What happened two days ago is a sample of what +will come of them; they have received their _coup-de-grâce_. The State is +taking up the matter, Rome itself, thank the gods! a tougher sort of +customer than these villain ratcatchers and offal-eaters, whom you had to +do with two days since. Great Rome is now at length in earnest, my boy, +which she ought to have been a long time back, before you were born; and +then you know,” and he nodded, “you would have had no choice; you wouldn’t +have had the temptation to make a fool of yourself.” + +“Well, then,” answered Agellius, “if a new time is really coming, there is +less chance than ever of my continuing here.” + +“Now be a sensible fellow, as you are when you choose,” said his uncle; +“look the matter in the face, do. You cannot wrestle with impossibilities, +you cannot make facts to pattern. There are lawful religions, there are +illicit. Christianity is illicit; it is not tolerated; that’s not your +fault; you cannot help it; you would, if you could; you can’t. Now you +have observed your point of honour; you have shown you can stand up like a +man, and suffer for your own fancy. Still Rome does not give way; and you +must make the best of it. You must give in, and you are far too good (I +don’t compliment, I speak my mind), far too amiable, excellent, sweet a +boy for so rascally a superstition.” + +“There is something stronger than Rome,” said the nephew almost sternly. + +Jucundus cut him short. “Agellius!” he said, “you must not say that in +this house. You shall not use that language under my roof. I’ll not put up +with it, I tell you. Take your treason elsewhere.... This accursed +obstinacy!” he said to himself; “but I must take care what I am doing;” +then aloud, “Well, we both of us have been railing; no good comes of +railing; railing is not argument. But now, I say, do be sensible, if you +can. Is not the imperial government in earnest now? better late than +never, but it is now in earnest. And now mark my words, by this day five +years, five years at the utmost,—I say by this day five years there will +not be a single ragamuffin Christian in the whole Roman world.” And he +looked fierce. “Ye gods! Rome, Rome has swept from the earth by her very +breath conspiracies, confederacies, plots against her, without ever +failing; she will do so now with this contemptible, Jew-begotten foe.” + +“In what are we enemies to Rome, Jucundus?” said Agellius; “why will you +always take it for granted?” + +“Take it for granted!” answered he, “is it not on the face of the matter? +I suppose _they_ are enemies to a state, whom the state _calls_ its +enemies. Besides, why a pother of words? Swear by the genius of the +emperor, invoke the Dea Roma, sacrifice to Jove; no, not a bit of it, not +a whisper, not a sign, not a grain of incense. You go out of your way to +insult us; and then you come with a grave face, and say you are loyal. You +kick our shins, and you wish us to kiss you on both cheeks for it. A few +harmless ceremonies; we are not entrapping you; we are not using your +words against yourselves; we tell you the meaning beforehand, the whole +meaning of them. It is not as if we tied you to the belief of the nursery: +we don’t say, ‘If you burn incense, you profess to believe that old +Jupiter is shivering atop of Olympus;’ we don’t say, ‘You swear by the +genius of Cæsar, therefore he has a genius, black, or white, or piebald,’ +No, we give you the meaning of the act; it is a mere expression of loyalty +to the empire. If then you won’t do it, you confess yourself _ipso facto_ +disloyal. It is incomprehensible.” And he had become quite red. + +“My dear uncle,” said Agellius, “I give you my solemn word, that the +people whom you so detest do pray for the welfare of the imperial power +continually, as a matter of duty and as a matter of interest.” + +“Pray! pray! fudge and nonsense!” cried Jucundus, almost mimicking him in +his indignation; “pray! who thanks you for your prayers? what’s the good +of prayers? Prayers, indeed! ha, ha! A little loyalty is worth all the +praying in the world. I’ll tell you what, Agellius; you are, I am sorry to +say it, but you are hand and glove with a set of traitors, who shall and +will be smoked out like a nest of wasps. _You_ don’t know; _you_ are not +in the secret, nor the wretched slave, poor beast, who was pulled to +pieces yesterday (ah! you don’t know of him) at the Flamen’s, nor a +multitude of other idiots. But, d’ye see,” and he chucked up his head +significantly, “there are puppets, and there are wires. Few know what is +going on. They won’t have done (unless we put them down; but we will) till +they have toppled down the state. But Rome will put them down. Come, be +sensible, listen to reason; now I am going to put facts before my poor, +dear, well-meaning boy. Oh that you saw things as I do! What a trouble you +are to me! Here am I”—— + +“My dearest uncle, Jucundus,” cried Agellius, “I assure you, it is the +most intense pain to me”—— + +“Very well, very well,” interrupted the uncle in turn, “I believe it, of +course I believe it; but listen, listen. Every now and then,” he continued +in a more measured and lower tone, “every now and then the secret is +blabbed—blabbed. There was that Tertullianus of Carthage, some fifty years +since. He wrote books; books have done a great deal of harm before now; +but _read_ his books—read and ponder. The fellow has the insolence to tell +the proconsul that he and the whole government, the whole city and +province, the whole Roman world, the emperors, all but the pitiful +_clique_ to which he belongs, are destined, after death, to flames for +ever and ever. There’s loyalty! but the absurdity is greater than the +malevolence. Rightly are the fellows called atheists and men-haters. Our +soldiers, our statesmen, our magistrates, and judges, and senators, and +the whole community, all worshippers of the gods, every one who crowns his +head, every one who loves a joke, and all our great historic names, +heroes, and worthies,—the Scipios, the Decii, Brutus, Cæsar, Cato, Titus, +Trajan, Antoninus,—are inmates, not of the Elysian fields, if Elysian +fields there be, but of Tartarus, and will never find a way out of it.” + +“That man, Tertullianus, is nothing to us, uncle,” answered Agellius; “a +man of great ability, but he quarrelled with us, and left us.” + +“_I_ can’t draw nice distinctions,” said Jucundus. “Your people have +quarrelled among themselves perhaps on an understanding; we can’t split +hairs. It’s the same with your present hierophant at Carthage, Cyprianus. +Nothing can exaggerate, I am told, the foulness of his attack upon the +gods of Rome, upon Romulus, the Augurs, the Ancilia, the consuls, and +whatever a Roman is proud of. As to the imperial city itself, there’s +hardly one of their high priests that has not died under the hands of the +executioner, as a convict. The precious fellows take the title of Pontifex +Maximus; bless their impudence! Well, my boy, this is what I say; be, if +you will, so preternaturally sour and morose as to misconceive and mislike +the innocent, graceful, humanising, time-honoured usages of society; be +so, for what I care, if this is all; but it isn’t all. Such misanthropy is +wisdom, absolute wisdom, compared with the Titanic presumption and +audacity of challenging to single combat the sovereign of the world. Go +and kick down Mount Atlas first.” + +“You have it all your own way, Jucundus,” answered his nephew, “and so you +must move in your own circle, round and round. There is no touching you, +if you first assume your premisses, and then prove them by means of your +conclusion.” + +“My dear Agellius,” said his uncle, giving his head a very solemn shake, +“take the advice of an old man. When you are older than you are, you will +see better who is right and who is wrong. You’ll be sorry you despised me, +a true, a prudent, an experienced friend; you will. Shake yourself, come +do. Why should you link your fortunes, in the morning of life, with +desperate men, only because your father, in his last feeble days, was +entrapped into doing so? I really will not believe that you are going to +throw away hope and life on so bad a bargain. Can’t you speak a word? Here +you’ve let me speak, and won’t say one syllable for yourself. I don’t +think it kind of you.” + +Thus adjured, Agellius began. “Well,” he said, “it’s a long history; you +see, we start, my dear uncle, from different points. How am I possibly to +join issue with you? I can only tell you my conclusion. Hope and life, you +say. Why, my only hope, my only life, my only joy, desire, consolation, +and treasure is that I am a Christian.” + +“Hope and life!” interrupted Jucundus, “immortal gods! life and hope in +being a Christian! do I hear aright? Why, man, a prison brings despair, +not hope; and the sword brings death, not life. By Esculapius! life and +hope! you choke me, Agellius. Life and hope! you are beyond three +Anticyras. Life and hope! if you were old, if you were diseased, if you +were given over, and had but one puff of life left in you, then you might +be what you would, for me; but your hair is black, your cheek is round, +your limbs are strong, your voice is full; and you are going to make all +these a sacrifice to Hecate! has your good genius fed that plump frame, +ripened those goods looks, nerved your arm, bestowed that breadth of +chest, that strength of loins, that straightness of spine, that vigour of +step, only that you may feed the crows? or to be torn on the rack, +scorched in the flame, or hung on the gibbet? is this your gratitude to +nature? What has been your price? for what have you sold yourself? Speak, +man, speak. Are you dumb as well as dement? Are you dumb, I say, are you +dumb?” + +“O Jucundus,” cried Agellius, irritated at his own inability to express +himself or hold an argument, “if you did but know what it was to have the +Truth! The Christian has found the Truth, the eternal Truth, in a world of +error. That is his bargain, that is his hire; can there be a greater? Can +I give up the Truth? But all this is Punic or Barbar to you.” + +It certainly did pose Jucundus for half a minute, as if he was trying to +take in, not so much the sense, as the words of his nephew’s speech. He +looked bewildered, and though he began to answer him at once, it took +several sentences to bring him into his usual flow of language. After one +or two exclamations, “The truth!” he cried, “_this_ is what I understand +you to say,—the truth. The _truth_ is your bargain; I think I’m right, the +truth; Hm; what is truth? What in heaven and earth do you mean by truth? +where did you get that cant? What oriental tomfoolery is bamboozling you? +The truth!” he cried, staring at him with eyes, half of triumph, half of +impatience, “the truth! Jove help the boy!—the truth! can truth pour me +out a cup of melilotus? can truth crown me with flowers? can it sing to +me? can it bring Glyceris to me? drop gold into my girdle? or cool my +brows when fever visits me? Can truth give me a handsome suburban with +some five hundred slaves, or raise me to the duumvirate? Let it do this, +and I will worship it; it shall be my god; it shall be more to me than +Fortune, Fate, Rome, or any other goddess on the list. But _I_ like to +see, and touch, and feel, and handle, and weigh, and measure what is +promised me. I wish to have a sample and an instalment. I am too old for +chaff. Eat, drink, and be merry, that’s my philosophy, that’s my religion; +and I know no better. To-day is ours, to-morrow is our children’s.” + +After a pause, he added, bitterly, “If truth could get Callista out of +prison, instead of getting her into it, I should have something to say to +truth.” + +“Callista in prison!” cried Agellius with surprise and distress, “what do +you mean, Jucundus?” + +“Yes, it’s a fact; Callista _is_ in prison,” answered he, “and on +suspicion of Christianity.” + +“Callista! Christianity!” said Agellius, bewildered, “do I hear aright? +She a Christian! oh, impossible, uncle! you don’t mean to say that she is +in prison. Tell me, tell me, my dear, dear Jucundus, what this wonderful +news means.” + +“You ought to know more about it than I,” answered he, “if there is any +meaning in it. But if you want my opinion, here it is. I don’t believe she +is more a Christian than I am; but I think she is over head and ears in +love with you, and she has some notion that she is paying you a +compliment, or interesting you in her, or sharing your fate—(_I_ can’t +pretend to unravel the vagaries and tantarums of the female mind)—by +saying that she is what she is _not_. If not, perhaps she has done it out +of spite and contradiction. You can never answer for a woman.” + +“Whom should she spite? whom contradict?” cried Agellius, thrown for the +moment off his balance. “O Callista! Callista in prison for Christianity! +Oh if it’s true that she is a Christian! but what if she is not?” he added +with great terror, “what if she’s not, and yet in prison, as if she were? +How are we to get her out, uncle? Impossible! no, she’s not a +Christian—she is not at all. She ought not to be there! Yet how +wonderful!” + +“Well, I am sure of it, too,” said Jucundus; “I’d stake the best image in +my shop that she’s not a Christian; but what if she is perverse enough to +say she _is_? and such things are not uncommon. Then, I say, what in the +world is to be done? If she says she is, why she is. There you are; and +what can you do?” + +“You don’t mean to say,” exclaimed Agellius, “that that sweet delicate +child is in that horrible hole; impossible!” and he nearly shrieked at the +thought. “What is the meaning of it all? dear, dear uncle, do tell me +something more about it. Why did you not tell me before? What _can_ be +done?” + +Jucundus thought he now had him in his hand. “Why, it’s plain,” he +answered, “what can be _done_. She’s no Christian, we both agree. It’s +certain, too, that she chooses to say she is, or something like it. +There’s just one person who has influence with her, to make her tell the +truth.” + +“Ha!” cried Agellius, starting as if an asp had bitten him. + +Jucundus kept silence, and let the poison of the said asp work awhile in +his nephew’s blood. + +Agellius put his hands before his eyes; and with his elbows on his knees, +began moving to and fro, as if in intense pain. + +“I repeat what I have said,” Jucundus observed at length; “I do really +think that she imagines a certain young gentleman is likely to be in +trouble, and that she is determined to share the trouble with him.” + +“But it isn’t true,” cried Agellius with great vehemence; “it’s not +true.... If she really is not a Christian, O my dear Lord, surely they +won’t put her to death as if she was?” + +“But if she has made up her mind to be in the same boat with you, and +_will_ be a Christian while you are a Christian, what on earth can we do, +Agellius?” asked Jucundus. “You have the whole matter in a nutshell.” + +“She does not love me,” cried Agellius; “no, she has given me no reason to +think so. I am sure she does not. She’s nothing to me. That cannot be the +reason of her conduct. _I_ have no power over her; _I_ could not persuade +her. What, what _does_ all this mean? and I shut up here?” and he began +walking about the little room, as if such locomotion tended to bring him +out of it. + +“Well,” answered Jucundus, “it is easy to ascertain. I suppose you _could_ +be let out to see her.” + +But he was going on too fast; Agellius did not attend to him. “Poor, sweet +Callista,” he exclaimed, “she’s innocent, she’s innocent; I mean she’s not +a Christian. Ah!” he screamed out in great agony, as the whole state of +the case unrolled itself to his apprehension, “she will die though not a +Christian; she will die without faith, without love; she will die in her +sins. She will die, done to death by false report of accepting that, by +which alone she could be carried safely through death unto life. O my +Lord, spare me!” and he sank upon the ground in a collapse of misery. + +Jucundus was touched, and still more alarmed. “Come, come, my boy,” he +said, “you will rouse the whole neighbourhood. Give over; be a man; all +will be right. If she’s not a Christian (and she’s not), she shall not die +a Christian’s death; something will turn up. She’s not in any hole at all, +but in a decent lodging. And you shall see her, and console her, and all +will be right.” + +“Yes, I will see her,” said Agellius, in a sort of musing manner; “she is +either a Christian, or she is not. If she is a Christian ...” and his +voice faltered; “but if she is not, she shall live till she is.” + +“Well said!” answered Jucundus, “_till_ she is. She shall live _till_ she +is. Yes, I can get you to see her. You shall bring her out of prison; a +smile, a whisper from you, and all her fretfulness and ill-humour will +vanish, like a mist before the powerful burning sun. And we shall all be +as happy as the immortal gods.” + +“O my uncle!” said Agellius, gravely. The language of Jucundus had shocked +him, and brought him to a better mind. He turned away from Jucundus, and +leant his face against the wall. Then he turned round again, and said, “If +she _is_ a Christian, I ought to rejoice, and I do rejoice; God be +praised. If she is not a Christian, I ought at once to make her one. If +she has already the penalty of a Christian, she is surely destined for the +privilege. And how should I go,” he said, half speaking to himself, “how +should I go to tell her that she is not yet a Christian, and bid her swear +by Jupiter, because that is her god, in order that she may escape +imprisonment and death? Am I to do the part of a heathen priest or infidel +sophist? O Cæcilius, how am I forgetting your lessons! No; I will go on no +such errand. Go, I will, if I may, Jucundus, but I will go on no +conditions of yours. I go on no promise to try to get her out of prison +anyhow, poor child. I will not go to make her sacrifice to a false god; I +go to persuade her to stay in prison, by deserving to stay. Perhaps I am +not the best person to go; but if I go, I go free. I go willing to die +myself for my Lord; glad to make her die for Him.” + +Agellius said this in so determined a way, so calmly, with such a grasp of +the existing posture of affairs, and of the whole circumstances of the +case, that it was now Jucundus’s turn to feel surprise and annoyance. For +a time he did not take in what Agellius meant, nor could he to the last +follow his train of feeling. When he saw what may be called the upshot of +the matter, he became very angry, and spoke with great violence. By +degrees he calmed; and then the strong feeling came on him again that it +was impossible, if a meeting took place between the two, that it could end +in any way but one. He defied any two young people who loved each other, +to come to any but one conclusion. Agellius’s mood was too excited, too +tragic to last. The sight of Callista in that dreadful prison, perhaps in +chains, waiting, in order to be free, for ability to say the words, “I am +not a Christian;” and that ability waiting for the same words from +himself, would bring the affair to a very speedy issue. As if he could +love a fancy better than he loved Callista! Agellius, too, had already +expressed a misgiving himself on that head; so far they were agreed. And, +to tell the truth, it was a very difficult transaction for a young man; +and giving our poor Agellius all credit for pure intention and firm +resolve, we really should have been very sorry to see him involved in a +trial, which would have demanded of him a most heroic faith and the +detachment of a saint. We, therefore, are not sorry that in matter of fact +he gained the merit of so virtuous a determination, without being called +on to execute it. For it so happened, that a most unexpected event +occurred to him not many hours afterwards, which will oblige us to take up +here rather abruptly the history of one of our other personages. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXIII. + + + GURTA. + + +In the bosom of the woods which stretched for many miles from the +immediate environs of Sicca, and placed on a gravel slope reaching down to +a brook, which ran in a bottom close by, was a small, rude hut, of a kind +peculiar to Africa, and commonly ascribed to the wandering tribes, who +neither cared, nor had leisure for a more stable habitation. Some might +have called it a tent, from the goat’s-hair cloth with which it was +covered; but it looked, as to shape, like nothing else than an inverted +boat, or the roof of a house set upon the ground. Inside it was seen to be +constructed of the branches of trees, twisted together or wattled, the +interstices, or rather the whole surface, being covered with clay. Being +thus stoutly built, lined, and covered, it was proof against the +tremendous rains, to which the climate, for which it was made, was +subject. Along the centre ridge or backbone, which varied in height from +six to ten feet from the ground, it was supported by three posts or +pillars; at one end it rose conically to an open aperture, which served +for chimney, for sky-light, and for ventilator. Hooks were suspended from +the roof for baskets, articles of clothing, weapons, and implements of +various kinds; and a second cone, excavated in the ground with the vertex +downward, served as a storehouse for grain. The door was so low, that an +ordinary person must bend double to pass through it. + +However, it was in the winter months only, when the rains were profuse, +that the owner of this respectable mansion condescended to creep into it. +In summer she had a drawing-room, as it may be called, of nature’s own +creation, in which she lived, and in one quarter of which she had her +lair. Close above the hut was a high plot of level turf, surrounded by old +oaks, and fringed beneath with thick underwood. In the centre of this +green rose a yew-tree of primeval character. Indeed, the whole forest +spoke of the very beginnings of the world, as if it had been the immediate +creation of that Voice which bade the earth clothe itself with green life. +But the place no longer spoke exclusively of its Maker. Upon the trees +hung the emblems and objects of idolatry, and the turf was traced with +magical characters. Littered about were human bones, horns of wild +animals, wax figures, spermaceti taken from vaults, large nails, to which +portions of flesh adhered, as if they had had to do with malefactors, +metal plates engraved with strange characters, bottled blood, hair of +young persons, and old rags. The reader must not suppose any incantation +is about to follow, or that the place we are describing will have a +prominent place in what remains of our tale; but even if it be the scene +of only one conversation, and one event, there is no harm in describing +it, as it appeared on that occasion. + +The old crone, who was seated in this bower of delight, had an expression +of countenance in keeping, not with the place, but with the furniture with +which it was adorned; that furniture told her trade. Whether the root of +superstition might be traced deeper still, and the woman and her traps +were really and directly connected with the powers beneath the earth, it +is impossible to determine; it is certain she had the will, it is certain +that that will was from their inspiration; nay, it is certain that she +thought she really possessed the communications which she desired; it is +certain, too, she so far deceived herself as to fancy that what she +learned by mere natural means came to her from a diabolical source. She +kept up an active correspondence with Sicca. She was consulted by numbers; +she was up with the public news, the social gossip, and the private and +secret transactions of the hour; and had, before now, even interfered in +matters of state, and had been courted by rival political parties. But in +the high cares and occupations of this interesting person, we are not here +concerned; but with a conversation which took place between her and Juba, +about the same hour of the evening as that of Cæcilius’s escape, but on +the day after it, while the sun was gleaming almost horizontally through +the tall trunks of the trees of the forest. + +“Well, my precious boy,” said the old woman, “the choicest gifts of great +Cham be your portion! You had excellent sport yesterday, I’ll warrant. The +rats squeaked, eh? and you beat the life out of them. That scoundrel +sacristan, I suppose, has taken up his quarters below.” + +“You may say it,” answered Juba. “The reptile! he turned right about, and +would have made himself an honest fellow, when it couldn’t be helped.” + +“Good, good!” returned Gurta, as if she had got something very pleasant in +her mouth; “ah! that is good! but he did not escape on that score, I do +trust.” + +“They pulled him to pieces all the more cheerfully,” said Juba. + +“Pulled him to pieces, limb by limb, joint by joint, eh?” answered Gurta. +“Did they skin him?—did they do anything to his eyes, or his tongue? +Anyhow, it was too quickly, Juba. Slowly, leisurely, gradually. Yes, it’s +like a glutton to be quick about it. Taste him, handle him, play with +him,—that’s luxury! but to bolt him,—faugh!” + +“Cæso’s slave made a good end,” said Juba: “he stood up for his views, and +died like a man.” + +“The gods smite him! but he has gone up—up:” and she laughed. “Up to what +they call bliss and glory;—such glory! but he’s out of our domain, you +know. But he did not die easy?” + +“The boys worried him a good deal,” answered Juba: “but it’s not quite in +my line, mother, all this. I think you drink a pint of blood morning and +evening, and thrive on it, old woman. It makes you merry; but it’s too +much for my stomach.” + +“Ha, ha, my boy!” cried Gurta; “you’ll improve in time, though you make +wry faces, now that you’re young. Well, and have you brought me any news +from the capitol? Is any one getting a rise in the world, or a downfall? +How blows the wind? Are there changes in the camp? This Decius, I suspect, +will not last long.” + +“They all seem desperately frightened,” said Juba, “lest they should not +smite your friends hard enough, Gurta. Root and branch is the word. +They’ll have to make a few Christians for the occasion, in order to kill +them: and I almost think they’re about it,” he added, thoughtfully. “They +have to show that they are not surpassed by the rabble. ’Tis a pity +Christians are so few, isn’t it, mother?” + +“Yes, yes,” she said, “but we must crush them, grind them, many or few: +and we shall, we shall! Callista’s to come.” + +“I don’t see they are worse than other people,” said Juba; “not at all, +except that they are commonly sneaks. If Callista turns, why should not I +turn too, mother, to keep her company, and keep your hand in?” + +“No, no, my boy,” returned the witch, “you must serve _my_ master. You are +having your fling just now, but you will buckle to in good time. You must +one day take some work with my merry men. Come here, child,” said the fond +mother, “and let me kiss you.” + +“Keep your kisses for your monkeys and goats and cats,” answered Juba; +“they’re not to my taste, old dame. Master! my master! I won’t have a +master! I’ll be nobody’s servant. I’ll never stand to be hired, nor cringe +to a bully, nor quake before a rod. Please yourself, Gurta; I am a free +man. You’re my mother by courtesy only.” + +Gurta looked at him savagely. “Why, you’re not going to be pious and +virtuous, Juba? A choice saint you’ll make! You shall be drawn for a +picture.” + +“Why shouldn’t I, if I choose?” said Juba. “If I must take service, willy +nilly, I’d any day prefer the other’s to that of your friend. I’ve not +left the master to take the man.” + +“Blaspheme not the great gods,” she answered, “or they’ll do you a +mischief yet.” + +“I say again,” insisted Juba, “if I must lick the earth, it shall not be +where your friend has trod. It shall be in my brother’s fashion, rather +than in yours, Gurta.” + +“Agellius!” she shrieked out with such disgust, that it is wonderful she +uttered the name at all. “Ah! you have not told me about him, boy. Well, +is he safe in the pit, or in the stomach of an hyena?” + +“He’s alive,” said Juba; “but he has not got it in him to be a Christian. +Yes, he’s safe with his uncle.” + +“Ah! Jucundus must ruin him, debauch him, and then we must make away with +him. We must not be in a hurry,” said Gurta, “it must be body and soul.” + +“No one shall touch him, craven as he is,” answered Juba. “I despise him, +but let him alone.” + +“Don’t come across me,” said Gurta, sullenly; “I’ll have my way. Why, you +know I could smite you to the dust, as well as him, if I chose.” + +“But you have not asked me about Callista,” answered Juba. “It is really a +capital joke, but she has got into prison for certain, for being a +Christian. Fancy it! they caught her in the streets, and put her in the +guard-house, and have had her up for examination. You see they want a +Christian for the nonce: it would not do to have none such in prison; so +they will flourish with her till Decius bolts from the scene.” + +“The Furies have her!” cried Gurta: “she _is_ a Christian, my boy: I told +you so, long ago!” + +“Callista a Christian!” answered Juba, “ha! ha! She and Agellius are going +to make a match of it, of some sort or other. They’re thinking of other +things than paradise.” + +“She and the old priest, more likely, more likely,” said Gurta. “He’s in +prison with her—in the pit, as I trust.” + +“Your master has cheated you for once, old woman,” said Juba. + +Gurta looked at him fiercely, and seemed waiting for his explanation. He +began singing,— + + “She wheedled and coaxed, but he was no fool; + He’d be his own master, he’d not be her tool; + Not the little black moor should send him to school. + + “She foamed and she cursed—’twas the same thing to him; + She laid well her trap; but he carried his whim;— + The priest scuffled off, safe in life and in limb.” + +Gurta was almost suffocated with passion. “Cyprianus has not escaped, +boy?” she asked at length. + +“I got him off,” said Juba, undauntedly. + +A shade, as of Erebus, passed over the witch’s face; but she remained +quite silent. + +“Mother, I am my own master,” he continued, “I must break your assumption +of superiority. I’m not a boy, though you call me so. I’ll have my own +way. Yes, I saved Cyprianus. You’re a bloodthirsty old hag! Yes, _I’ve_ +seen your secret doings. Did not I catch you the other day, practising on +that little child? You had nailed him up by hands and feet against the +tree, and were cutting him to pieces at your leisure, as he quivered and +shrieked the while. You were examining or using his liver for some of your +black purposes. It’s not in my line; but you gloated over it; and when he +wailed, you wailed in mimicry. You were panting with pleasure.” + +Gurta was still silent, and had an expression on her face, awful from the +intensity of its malignity. She had uttered a low piercing whistle. + +“Yes!” continued Juba, “you revelled in it. You chattered to the poor babe +when it screamed, as a nurse to an infant. You called it pretty names, and +squeaked out your satisfaction each time you stuck it. You old hag! I’m +not of your breed, though they call us of kin. _I_ don’t fear you,” he +said, observing the expression of her countenance, “I don’t fear the +immortal devil!” And he continued his song— + + “She beckoned the moon, and the moon came down; + The green earth shrivelled beneath her frown; + But a man’s strong will can keep his own.” + +While he was talking and singing, her call had been answered from the hut. +An animal of some wonderful species had crept out of it, and proceeded to +creep and crawl, moeing and twisting as it went, along the trees and +shrubs which rounded the grass plot. When it came up to the old woman, it +crouched at her feet, and then rose up upon its hind legs and begged. She +took hold of the uncouth beast and began to fondle it in her arms, +muttering something in its ear. At length, when Juba stopped for a moment +in his song, she suddenly flung it right at him, with great force, saying, +“Take that!” She then gave utterance to a low inward laugh, and leaned +herself back against the trunk of the tree upon which she was sitting, +with her knees drawn up almost to her chin. + +The blow seemed to act on Juba as a shock on his nervous system, both from +its violence and its strangeness. He stood still for a moment, and then, +without saying a word, he turned away, and walked slowly down the hill, as +if in a maze. Then he sat down.... + +In an instant up he started again with a great cry, and began running at +the top of his speed. He thought he heard a voice speaking in him; and, +however fast he ran, the voice, or whatever it was, kept up with him. He +rushed through the underwood, trampling and crushing it under his feet, +and scaring the birds and small game which lodged there. At last, +exhausted, he stood still for breath, when he heard it say loudly and +deeply, as if speaking with his own organs, “You cannot escape from +yourself!” Then a terror seized him; he fell down and fainted away. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXIV. + + + A MOTHER’S BLESSING. + + +When his senses returned, his first impression was of something in him not +himself. He felt it in his breathing; he tasted it in his mouth. The brook +which ran by Gurta’s encampment had by this time become a streamlet, +though still shallow. He plunged into it; a feeling came upon him as if he +ought to drown himself, had it been deeper. He rolled about in it, in +spite of its flinty and rocky bed. When he came out of it, his tunic +sticking to him, he tore it off his shoulders, and let it hang round his +girdle in shreds, as it might. The shock of the water, however, acted as a +sedative upon him, and the coolness of the night refreshed him. He walked +on for a while in silence. + +Suddenly the power within him began uttering, by means of his organs of +speech, the most fearful blasphemies, words embodying conceptions which, +had they come into his mind, he might indeed have borne with patience +before this, or uttered in bravado, but which now filled him with +inexpressible loathing, and a terror to which he had hitherto been quite a +stranger. He had always in his heart believed in a God, but he now +believed with a reality and intensity utterly new to him. He felt it as if +he saw Him; he felt there was a world of good and evil beings. He did not +love the good, or hate the evil; but he shrank from the one, and he was +terrified at the other; and he felt himself carried away, against his +will, as the prey of some dreadful, mysterious power, which tyrannised +over him. + +The day had closed—the moon had risen. He plunged into the thickest wood, +and the trees seemed to him to make way for him. Still they seemed to moan +and to creak as they moved out of their place. Soon he began to see that +they were looking at him, and exulting over his misery. They, of an +inferior nature, had had no gift which they could abuse and lose; and they +remained in that honour and perfection in which they were created. Birds +of the night flew out of them, reptiles slunk away; yet soon he began to +be surrounded, wherever he went, by a circle of owls, bats, ravens, crows, +snakes, wild cats, and apes, which were always looking at him, but somehow +made way, retreating before him, and yet forming again, and in order, as +he marched along. + +He had passed through the wing of the forest which he had entered, and +penetrated into the more mountainous country. He ascended the heights; he +was a taller, stronger man than he had been; he went forward with a +preternatural vigour, and flourished his arms with the excitement of some +vinous or gaseous intoxication. He heard the roar of the wild beasts +echoed along the woody ravines which were cut into the solid mountain +rock, with a reckless feeling, as if he could cope with them. As he passed +the dens of the lion, leopard, hyena, jackal, wild boar, and wolf, there +he saw them sitting at the entrance, or stopping suddenly as they prowled +along, and eyeing him, but not daring to approach. He strode along from +rock to rock, and over precipices, with the certainty and ease of some +giant in Eastern fable. Suddenly a beast of prey came across him; in a +moment he had torn up by the roots the stump of a wild vine plant, which +was near him; had thrown himself upon his foe before it could act on the +aggressive, had flung it upon its back, forced the weapon into its mouth, +and was stamping on its chest. He knocked the life out of the furious +animal; and crying “Take that,” tore its flesh, and, applying his mouth to +the wound, sucked a draught of its blood. + +He has passed over the mountain, and has descended its side. Bristling +shrubs, swamps, precipitous banks, rushing torrents, are no obstacle to +his course. He has reached the brow of a hill, with a deep placid river at +the foot of it, just as the dawn begins to break. It is a lovely prospect, +which every step he takes is becoming more definite and more various in +the daylight. Masses of oleander, of great beauty, with their red +blossoms, fringed the river, and tracked out its course into the distance. +The bank of the hill below him, and on the right and left, was a maze of +fruit-trees, about which nature, if it were not the hand of man, had had +no thought except that they should be all together there. The wild olive, +the pomegranate, the citron, the date, the mulberry, the peach, the apple, +and the walnut, formed a sort of spontaneous orchard. Across the water, +groves of palm-trees waved their long and graceful branches in the morning +breeze. The stately and solemn ilex, marshalled into long avenues, showed +the way to substantial granges or luxurious villas. The green turf or +grass was spread out beneath, and here and there flocks and herds were +emerging out of the twilight, and growing distinct upon the eye. Elsewhere +the ground rose up into sudden eminences crowned with chestnut woods, or +with plantations of cedar and acacia, or wildernesses of the cork-tree, +the turpentine, the carooba, the white poplar, and the Phenician juniper, +while overhead ascended the clinging tendrils of the hop, and an underwood +of myrtle clothed their stems and roots. A profusion of wild flowers +carpeted the ground far and near. + +Juba stood and gazed till the sun rose opposite to him, envying, repining, +hating, like Satan looking in upon Paradise. The wild mountains, or the +locust-smitten track would have better suited the tumult of his mind. It +would have been a relief to him to have retreated from so fair a scene, +and to have retraced his steps, but he was not his own master, and was +hurried on. Sorely against his determined strong resolve and will, crying +out and protesting and shuddering, the youth was forced along into the +fulness of beauty and blessing with which he was so little in tune. With +rage and terror he recognised that he had no part in his own movements, +but was a mere slave. In spite of himself he must go forward and behold a +peace and sweetness which witnessed against him. He dashed down through +the thick grass, plunged into the water, and without rest or respite began +a second course of aimless toil and travail through the day. + +The savage dogs of the villages howled and fled from him as he passed by; +beasts of burden, on their way to market, which he overtook or met, stood +still, foamed and trembled; the bright birds, the blue jay and golden +oriole, hid themselves under the leaves and grass; the storks, a religious +and domestic bird, stopped their sharp clattering note from the high tree +or farmhouse turret, where they had placed their nests; the very reptiles +skulked away from his shadow, as if it were poisonous. The boors who were +at their labour in the fields suspended it, to look at one whom the Furies +were lashing and whirling on. Hour passed after hour, the sun attained its +zenith, and then declined, but this dreadful compulsory race continued. +Oh, what would he have given for one five minutes of oblivion, of slumber, +of relief from the burning thirst which now consumed him! but the master +within him ruled his muscles and his joints, and the intense pain of +weariness had no concomitant prostration of strength. Suddenly he began to +laugh hideously; and he went forward dancing and singing loud, and playing +antics. He entered a hovel, made faces at the children, till one of them +fell into convulsions, and he ran away with another; and when some country +people pursued him, he flung the child in their faces, saying, “Take +that,” and said he was Pentheus, king of Thebes, of whom he had never +heard, about to solemnise the orgies of Bacchus, and he began to spout a +chorus of Greek, a language he had never learnt or heard spoken. + +Now it is evening again, and he has come up to a village grove, where the +rustics were holding a feast in honour of Pan. The hideous brutal god, +with yawning mouth, horned head, and goat’s feet, was placed in a rude +shed, and a slaughtered lamb, decked with flowers, lay at his feet. The +peasants were frisking before him, boys and women, when they were startled +by the sight of a gaunt, wild, mysterious figure, which began to dance +too. He flung and capered about with such vigour that they ceased their +sport to look on, half with awe and half as a diversion. Suddenly he began +to groan and to shriek, as if contending with himself, and willing and not +willing some new act; and the struggle ended in his falling on his hands +and knees, and crawling like a quadruped towards the idol. When he got +near, his attitude was still more servile; still groaning and shuddering, +he laid himself flat on the ground, and wriggled to the idol as a worm, +and lapped up with his tongue the mingled blood and dust which lay about +the sacrifice. And then again, as if nature had successfully asserted her +own dignity, he jumped up high in the air, and, falling on the god, broke +him to pieces, and scampered away out of pursuit, before the lookers-on +recovered from their surprise. + +Another restless, fearful night amid the open country; ... but it seemed +as if the worst had passed, and, though still under the heavy chastisement +of his pride, there was now more in Juba of human action and of effectual +will. The day broke, and he found himself on the road to Sicca. The +beautiful outline of the city was right before him. He passed his +brother’s cottage and garden; it was a wreck. The trees torn up, the +fences broken down, and the room pillaged of the little that could be +found there. He went on to the city, crying out “Agellius;” the gate was +open, and he entered. He went on to the Forum; he crossed to the house of +Jucundus; few people as yet were stirring in the place. He looked up at +the wall. Suddenly, by the help of projections, and other irregularities +of the brickwork, he mounted up upon the flat roof, and dropped down along +the tiles, through the _impluvium_ into the middle of the house. He went +softly into Agellius’s closet, where he was asleep, he roused him with the +name of Callista, threw his tunic upon him, which was by his side, put his +boots into his hands, and silently beckoned him to follow him. When he +hesitated, he still whispered to him “Callista,” and at length seized him +and led him on. He unbarred the street door, and with a movement of his +arm, more like a blow than a farewell, thrust him into the street. Then he +barred again the door upon him, and lay down himself upon the bed which +Agellius had left. His good Angel, we may suppose, had gained a point in +his favour, for he lay quiet, and fell into a heavy sleep. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXV. + + + CALLISTA IN DURANCE. + + +We will hope that the reader, as well as Agellius, is attracted by the +word Callista, and wishes to know something about her fate; nay, perhaps +finds fault with us as having suffered him so long to content himself with +the chance and second-hand information which Jucundus or Juba has +supplied. If we have been wanting in due consideration for him, we now +trust to make up for it. + +When Callista, then, had so boldly left the cottage to stop the intruders, +she had in one important point reckoned without her host. She spoke Latin +fluently, herself, and could converse with the townspeople, most of whom +could do the same; but it was otherwise with the inhabitants of the +country, numbers of whom, as we have said, were in Sicca on the day of the +outbreak. The two fellows, whom she went out to withstand, knew neither +her nor the Latin tongue. They were of a race which called itself +Canaanite, and really was so; huge, gigantic men, who looked like the sons +of Enac, described in Holy Writ. They knew nothing of roads or fences, and +had scrambled up the hill as they could, the shortest way, and, being free +from the crowd, with far more expedition than had they followed the beaten +track. She and they could not understand each other’s speech; but her +appearance spoke for her, and, in consequence, they seized on her as their +share of the booty, and without more ado, carried her off towards Sicca. +As they came up by a route of their own, so they returned, and entered the +city by a gate more to the south, not the Septimian; a happy circumstance, +as otherwise she would have stood every chance of being destroyed in that +wholesale massacre which the soldiery inflicted on the crowd as it +returned. + +These giants, then, got possession of Callista, and she entered Sicca upon +the shoulder of one of them, who danced in with no greater inconvenience +than if he was carrying on it a basket of flowers, or a box of millinery. +Here the party met with the city police, who were stationed at the gate. + +“Down with your live luggage, you rascals,” they said, in their harsh +Punic; “what have you to do with plunder of this kind? and how came you by +her?” + +“She’s one of those Christian rats, your worship,” answered the fellow, +who, strong as he was, did not relish a contest with some dozen of armed +men. “Long live the Emperor! We’ll teach her to eat asses’ heads another +time, and brew fevers. I found her with a party of Christians. She’s +nothing but a witch, and she knows the consequences.” + +“Let her go, you drunken animal!” said the constable, still keeping his +distance. “I’ll never believe any woman is a Christian, let alone so young +a one. And now I look at her, so far as I can see by this light, I think +she’s priestess of one of the great temples up there.” + +“She can turn herself into anything,” said the other of her capturers, +“young or old. I saw her one night near Madaura, a month ago, in the tombs +in the shape of a black cat.” + +“Away with you both, in the name of the Suffetes of Sicca and all the +magistracy!” cried the official. “Give up your prisoner to the authorities +of the place, and let the law take its course.” + +But the Canaanites did not seem disposed to give her up, and neither party +liking to attack the other, a compromise took place. “Well,” said the +guardian of the night, “the law must be vindicated, and the peace +preserved. My friends, you must submit to the magistrates. But since she +happens to be on your shoulder, my man, let her even remain there, and we +depute you, as a beast of burden, to carry her for us, thereby to save us +the trouble. Here, child,” he continued, “you’re our prisoner; so you +shall plead your own cause in the _popina_ there. Long live Decius, pious +and fortunate! Long live this ancient city, colony and municipium! Cheer +up, my lass, and sing us a stave or two, as we go; for I’ll pledge a +_cyathus_ of unmixed, that, if you choose, you can warble notes as sweet +as the manna gum.” + +Callista was silent, but she was perfectly collected, and ready to avail +herself of any opportunity to better her condition. They went on towards +the Forum, where a police-office, as we now speak, was situated, but did +not reach it without an adventure. The Roman military force at Sicca was +not more than a century of men; the greater number were at this moment at +the great gate, waiting for the mob; a few, in parties of three and four, +were patrolling the city. Several of these were at the entrance of the +Forum when the party came up to it; and it happened that a superior +officer, who was an assistant to what may be called the military president +of the place, a young man, on whom much of the duty of the day had +devolved, was with the soldiers. She had known him as a friend of her +brother’s, and recognised him in the gloom, and at once took advantage of +the meeting. + +“Help,” she said, “gentlemen! help, Calphurnius! these rascals are +carrying me off to some den of their own.” + +The tribune at once knew her voice. “What!” he cried, with great +astonishment, “what, my pretty Greek! You most base, infamous, and +unmannerly scoundrels, down with her this instant! What have you to do +with that young lady? You villains, unless you would have me crack your +African skulls with the hilt of my sword, down with her, I say!” + +There was no resisting a Roman voice, but prompt obedience is a rarity, +and the ruffians began to parley. “My noble master,” said the constable, +“she’s our prisoner. Jove preserve you, and Bacchus and Ceres bless you, +my lord tribune! and long life to the Emperor Decius in these bad times. +But she is a rioter, my lord, one of the ringleaders, and a Christian and +a witch to boot.” + +“Cease your vile gutturals, you animal!” cried the officer, “or I will ram +them down your throat with my pike to digest them. Put down the lady, +beast. Are you thinking twice about it? Go, Lucius,” he said to a private, +“kick him away, and bring the woman here.” + +Callista was surrendered, but the fellow, sullen at the usage he had met +with, and spiteful against Calphurnius, as the cause of it, cried out +maliciously, “Mind what you are at, noble sir, it’s not our affair; you +can fry your own garlic. But an Emperor is an Emperor, and an Edict is an +Edict, and a Christian is a Christian; and I don’t know what high places +will say to it, but it’s your affair. Take notice,” he continued, as he +got to a safer distance, raising his voice still higher, that the soldiers +might hear, “yon girl is a Christian priestess, caught in a Christian +assembly, sacrificing asses and eating children for the overthrow of the +Emperor, and the ruin of his loyal city of Sicca, and I have been +interrupted in the discharge of my duty—I, a constable of the place. See +whether Calphurnius will not bring again upon us the plague, the murrain, +the locusts, and all manner of _larvæ_ and _maniæ_ before the end of the +story.” + +This speech perplexed Calphurnius, as it was intended. It was impossible +he could dispose of Callista as he wished, with such a charge formally +uttered in the presence of his men. He knew how serious the question of +Christianity was at that moment, and how determined the Imperial +Government was on the eradication of its professors; he was a good +soldier, devoted to head-quarters, and had no wish to compromise himself +with his superiors, or to give bystanders an advantage over him, by +setting a prisoner at liberty without inquiry, who had been taken in a +Christian’s house. He muttered an oath, and said to the soldiers, “Well, +my lads, to the Triumviri with her, since it must be so. Cheer up, my star +of the morning, bright beam of Hellas, it is only as a matter of form, and +you will be set at liberty as soon as they look on you.” And with these +words he led the way to the _Officium_. + +But the presiding genius of the _Officium_ was less accommodating than he +had anticipated. It might be that he was jealous of the soldiery, or of +their particular interference, or indignant at the butchery at the great +gate, of which the news had just come, or out of humour with the day’s +work, and especially with the Christians; at any rate, Calphurnius found +he had better have taken a bolder step, and have carried her as a prisoner +to the camp. However, nothing was now left for him but to depart; and +Callista fell again into the hands of the city, though of the superior +functionaries, who procured her a lodging for the night, and settled to +bring her up for examination next morning. + +The morning came, and she was had up. What passed did not transpire; but +the issue was that she was remanded for a further hearing, and was told +she might send to her brother, and acquaint him where she was. He was +allowed one interview with her, and he came away almost out of his senses, +saying she was bewitched, and fancied herself a Christian. What precisely +she had said to him, which gave this impression, he could hardly say; but +it was plain there must be something wrong, or there would not be that +public process and formal examination which was fixed for the third day +afterwards. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXVI. + + + WHAT CAN IT ALL MEAN? + + +Were the origin of Juba’s madness (or whatever the world would call it) of +a character which admitted of light writing about it, much might be said +on the surprise of the clear-headed, narrow-minded, positive, and +easy-going Jucundus, when he found one nephew substituted for another, and +had to give over his wonder at Agellius, in order to commence a series of +acts of amazement and consternation at Juba. He summoned Jupiter and Juno, +Bacchus, Ceres, Pomona, Neptune, Mercury, Minerva, and great Rome, to +witness the marvellous occurrence; and then he had recourse to the +infernal gods, Pluto and Proserpine, down to Cerberus, if he be one of +them; but, after all, there the portent was, in spite of all the deities +which Olympus, or Arcadia, or Latium ever bred; and at length it had a +nervous effect upon the old gentleman’s system, and, for the first evening +after it, he put all his good things from him, and went to bed supperless +and songless. What had been Juba’s motive in the exploit which so +unpleasantly affected his uncle, it is of course quite impossible to say. +Whether his mention of Callista’s name was intended to be for the benefit +of her soul, or the ruin of Agellius’s, must be left in the obscurity in +which the above narrative presents it to us; so far alone is certain, +though it does not seem to throw light on the question, that, on his +leaving his uncle’s house in the course of the forenoon, which he did, +without being pressed to stay, he was discovered prancing and +gesticulating in the neighbourhood of Callista’s prison, so as to excite +the attention of the _apparitor_, or constable, who guarded the entrance, +and who, alarmed at his wildness, sent for some of his fellows, and, with +their assistance, repelled the intruder, who, thereupon, scudding out at +the eastern gate, was soon lost in the passes of the mountain. + +To one thing, however, we may pledge ourselves, that Juba had no intention +of shaking, even for one evening, the nerves of Jucundus; yet shaken they +were till about the same time twenty-four hours afterwards. And when in +that depressed state, he saw nothing but misery on all sides of him. Juba +was lost; Agellius worse. Of course, he had joined himself to his sect, +and he should never see him again; and how should he ever hold up his +head? Well, he only hoped Agellius would not be boiled in a caldron, or +roasted at a slow fire. If this were done, he positively must leave Sicca, +and the most thriving trade which any man had in the whole of the +Proconsulate. And then that little Callista! Ah!—what a real calamity was +there! Anyhow he had lost her, and what should he do for a finisher of his +fine work in marble, or metal? She was a treasure in herself. Altogether +the heavens were very dark; and it was scarcely possible for any one who +knew well his jovial cast of countenance, to keep from laughing, whatever +his real sympathy, at the unusual length and blankness which were suddenly +imposed upon it. + +While he sat thus at his shop window, which, as it were, framed him for +the contemplation of passers-by, on the day of the escape of Agellius, and +the day before Callista’s public examination, Aristo rushed in upon him in +a state of far more passionate and more reasonable grief. He had called, +indeed, the day before, but he found a pleasure in expending his distress +upon others, and he came again to get rid of its insupportable weight by +discharging it in a torrent of tears and exclamations. However, at first +the words of both “moved slow,” as the poet says, and went off in a sort +of dropping fire. + +“Well,” said Jucundus, in a depressed tone; “he’s not come to _you_, of +course?” + +“Who?” + +“Agellius.” + +“Oh! Agellius! No, he’s not with me.” Then, after a pause, Aristo added, +“Why should he be?” + +“Oh, I don’t know. I thought he might be. He’s been gone since early +morning.” + +“Indeed! No, I don’t know where he is. How came he with you?” + +“I told you yesterday; but you have forgotten. I was sheltering him; but +he’s gone for ever.” + +“Indeed!” + +“And his brother’s mad!—horribly mad!” and he slapped his hand against his +thigh. + +“I always thought it,” answered Aristo. + +“Did you? Yes, so it is; but it’s very different from what it ever was. +The furies have got hold of him with a vengeance! He’s frantic! Oh, if you +had seen him! Two boys, both mad! It’s all the father!” + +“I thought you’d like to hear something about dear, sweet Callista,” said +her brother. + +“Yes, I should indeed!” answered Jucundus. “By Esculapius! they’re all mad +together!” + +“Well, it is like madness!” cried Aristo, with great vehemence. + +“The world’s going mad!” answered Jucundus, who was picking up, since he +began to talk, an exercise which was decidedly good for him. “We are _all_ +going mad! _I_ shall get crazed. The townspeople are crazed already. What +an abominable, brutal piece of business was that three days ago! I put up +my shutters. Did it come near you?—all on account of one or two beggarly +Christians, and my poor boy. What harm could two or three, toads and +vipers though they be, do here? They might have been trodden down easily. +It’s another thing at Carthage. Catch the ringleaders, I say; make +examples. The foxes escape, and our poor ganders suffer!” + +Aristo, pierced with his own misery, had no heart or head to enter into +the semi-political ideas of Jucundus, who continued,— + +“Yes, it’s no good. The empire’s coming to pieces, mark my words! I told +you so, if those beasts were let alone. They _have_ been let alone. +Remedies are too late. Decius will do no good. No one’s safe! Farewell, my +friends! I am going. Like poor dear Callista, I shall be in prison, and, +like her, find myself dumb!... Ah! yes, Callista; how did you find her?” + +“O dear, sweet, suffering girl!” cried her brother. + +“Yes, indeed!” answered Jucundus; “yes!” meditatively. “She _is_ a dear, +sweet, suffering girl! I thought he might perhaps have taken her off—that +was my hope. He was so set upon hearing where she was, whether she could +be got out. It struck me he had made the best of his way to _her_. She +could do anything with him. And she loved him, she did!—I’m convinced of +it!—nothing shall convince me otherwise! ‘Bring them together,’ I said, +‘and they will rush into each other’s arms.’ But they’re bewitched!—The +whole world’s bewitched! Mark my words,—I have an idea who is at the +bottom of this.” + +“Oh!” groaned out Aristo; “I care not for top or bottom!—I care not for +the whole world, or for anything at all but Callista! If you could have +seen the dear, patient sufferer!” and the poor fellow burst into a flood +of tears. + +“Bear up! bear up!” said Jucundus, who by this time was considerably +better; “show yourself a man, my dear Aristo. These things must be;—they +are the lot of human nature. You remember what the tragedian says: stay! +no!—it’s the comedian,—it’s Menander”—— + +“To Orcus and Erebus with all the tragedy and comedy that ever was +spouted!” exclaimed Aristo. “Can you do nothing for me? Can’t you give me +a crumb of consolation or sympathy, encouragement or suggestion? I am a +stranger in the country, and so is this dear sister of mine, whom I was so +proud of; and who has been so good, and kind, and gentle, and sweet. She +loved me so much, she never grudged me anything; she let me do just what I +would with her. Come here, go there,—it was just as I would. There we +were, two orphans together, ten years since, when I was double her age. +She wished to stay in Greece; but she came to this detestable Africa all +for me. She would be gay and bright when I would have her so. She had no +will of her own; and she set her heart upon nothing, and was pleased +anywhere. She had not an enemy in the world. I protest she is worth all +the gods and goddesses that ever were hatched! And here, in this +ill-omened Africa, the evil eye has looked at her, and she thinks herself +a Christian, when she is just as much a hippogriff, or a chimæra.” + +“Well, but, Aristo,” said Jucundus, “I was going to tell you who is at the +bottom of it all. Callista’s mad; Agellius is mad; Juba is mad; and Strabo +was mad;—but it was his wife, old Gurta, that drove him mad;—and there, I +think, is the beginning of our troubles.——Come in! come in, Cornelius!” he +cried, seeing his Roman friend outside, and relapsing for the moment into +his lugubrious tone; “Come in, Cornelius, and give us some comfort, if you +can. Well, this is like a friend! I know if you can help me, you will.” + +Cornelius answered that he was going back to Carthage in a day or two, and +came to embrace him, and had hoped to have a parting supper before he +went. + +“That’s kind!” answered Jucundus: “but first tell me all about this +dreadful affair; for you are in the secrets of the Capitol. Have they any +clue what has become of my poor Agellius?” + +Cornelius had not heard of the young man’s troubles, and was full of +consternation at the news. + +“What! Agellius really a Christian?” he said, “and at such a moment? Why, +I thought you talked of some young lady who was to keep him in order?” + +“She’s a Christian too,” replied Jucundus; and a silence ensued. “It’s a +bad world!” he continued. “She’s imprisoned by the Triumviri. What will be +the end of it?” + +Cornelius shook his head, and looked mysterious. + +“You don’t mean it?” said Jucundus. “Not anything so dreadful, I do trust, +Cornelius. Not the stake?” + +Cornelius still looked gloomy and pompous. + +“Nothing in the way of torture?” he went on; “not the rack, or the +pitchfork?” + +“It’s a bad business, on your own showing,” said Cornelius: “it’s a bad +business!” + +“Can you do nothing for us, Cornelius?” cried Aristo. “The great people in +Carthage are your friends. O Cornelius! I’d do anything for you!—I’d be +your slave! She’s no more a Christian than great Jove. She has nothing +about her of the cut;—not a shred of her garment, or a turn of her hair. +She’s a Greek from head to foot—within and without. She’s as bright as the +day! Ah! we have no friends here. Dear Callista! you will be lost because +you are a foreigner!” and the passionate youth began to tear his hair. “O +Cornelius!” he continued, “if you can do anything for us! Oh! she shall +sing and dance to you; she shall come and kneel down to you, and embrace +your knees, and kiss your feet, as I do, Cornelius!” and he knelt down, +and would have taken hold of Cornelius’s beard. + +Cornelius had never been addressed with so poetical a ceremonial, which +nevertheless he received with awkwardness indeed, but with satisfaction. +“I hear from you,” he said with pomposity, “that your sister is in prison +on suspicion of Christianity. The case is a simple one. Let her swear by +the genius of the Emperor, and she is free; let her refuse it, and the law +must take its course,” and he made a slight bow. + +“Well, but she is under a delusion,” persisted Aristo, “which cannot last +long. She says distinctly that she is _not_ a Christian, is not that +decisive? but then she won’t burn incense; she won’t swear by Rome. She +tells me she does not _believe_ in Jupiter, nor I; can anything be more +senseless? It is the act of a mad woman. I say, ‘My girl, the question is, +Are you to be brought to shame? are you to die by the public sword? die in +torments?’ Oh, I shall go mad as well as she!” he screamed out. “She was +so clever, so witty, so sprightly, so imaginative, so versatile! why, +there’s nothing she couldn’t do. She could model, paint, play on the lyre, +sing, act. She could work with the needle, she could embroider. She made +this girdle for me. It’s all that Agellius, it’s Agellius. I beg your +pardon, Jucundus; but it is;” and he threw himself on the ground, and +rolled in the dust. + +“I have been telling our young friend,” said Jucundus to Cornelius, “to +exert self-control, and to recollect Menander, ‘Ne quid nimis.’ Grieving +does no good; but these young fellows, it’s no use at all speaking to +them. Do you think you could do anything for us, Cornelius?” + +“Why,” answered Cornelius, “since I have been here, I have fallen in with +a very sensible man, and a man of remarkably sound political opinions. He +has a great reputation, he is called Polemo, and is one of the professors +at the Mercury. He seems to me to go to the root of these subjects, and +I’m surprised how well we agreed. He’s a Greek, as well as this young +gentleman’s sister. I should recommend him to go to Polemo; if any one +could disabuse her mind, it is he.” + +“True, true,” cried Aristo, starting up, “but, no, _you_ can do it better; +you have power with the government. The Proconsul will listen to you. The +magistrates here are afraid of _him_; _they_ don’t wish to touch the poor +girl, not they. But there’s such a noise everywhere, and so much ill +blood, and so many spies and informers, and so much mistrust—but why +should it come upon _Callista_? Why should _she_ be a sacrifice? But you’d +oblige the Duumvirs as much as me in getting her out of the scrape. But +what good would it do, if they _took_ her dear life? Only get us the +respite of a month; the delusion would vanish in a month. Get two months, +if you can; or as long as you can, you know. Perhaps they would let us +steal out of the country, and no one the wiser; and no harm to any one. It +was a bad job our coming here.” + +“We know nothing at Rome of feelings and intentions, and motives and +distinctions,” said Cornelius; “and we know nothing of understandings, +connivances, and evasions. We go by facts; Rome goes by facts. The +question is, What is the fact? Does she burn incense, or does she not? +Does she worship the ass, or does she not? However, we’ll see what can be +done.” And so he went on, informing the pair of mourners that, as far as +his influence extended, he would do something in behalf both of Agellius +and Callista. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXVII. + + + AM I A CHRISTIAN? + + +The sun had now descended for the last time before the solemn day which +was charged with the fate of Callista, and what was the state of mind of +one who excited such keen interest in the narrow circle within which she +was known? And how does it differ from what it was some weeks before, when +Agellius last saw her? She would have been unable to say herself. “So is +the kingdom of God: as if a man should cast seed into the earth, and +should sleep and rise night and day, and the seed should spring and grow +up, whilst he knoweth not.” She might, indeed, have been able afterwards, +on looking back, to say many things of herself; and she would have +recognised that while she was continually differing from herself, in that +she was changing, yet it was not a change which involved contrariety, but +one which expanded itself in (as it were) concentric circles, and only +fulfilled, as time went on, the promise of its beginning. Every day, as it +came, was, so to say, the child of the preceding, the parent of that which +followed; and the end to which she tended could not get beyond the aim +with which she set out. Yet, had she been asked, at the time of which we +speak, where was her principle and her consistency, what was her logic, or +whether she acted on reason, or on impulse, or on feeling, or in fancy, or +in passion, she would have been reduced to silence. What did she know +about herself, but that, to her surprise, the more she thought over what +she heard of Christianity, the more she was drawn to it, and the more it +approved itself to her whole soul, and the more it seemed to respond to +all her needs and aspirations, and the more intimate was her presentiment +that it was true? The longer it remained on her mind as an object, the +more it seemed (unlike the mythology or the philosophy of her country, or +the political religion of Rome) to have an external reality and substance, +which deprived objections to it of their power, and showed them to be at +best but difficulties and perplexities. + +But then again, if she had been asked, what was Christianity, she would +have been puzzled to give an answer. She would have been able to mention +some particular truths which it taught, but neither to give them their +definite and distinct shape, nor to describe the mode in which they were +realised. She would have said, “I believe what has been told me, as from +heaven, by Chione, Agellius, and Cæcilius:” and it was clear she could say +nothing else. What the three told her in common and in concord was at once +the measure of her creed and the ground of her acceptance of it. It was +that wonderful unity of sentiment and belief in persons so dissimilar from +each other, so distinct in their circumstances, so independent in their +testimony, which recommended to her the doctrine which they were so +unanimous in teaching. She had long given up any belief in the religion of +her country. As to philosophy, it dwelt only in conjecture and opinion; +whereas the very essence of religion was, as she felt, a recognition of +the worshippers on the part of the Object of it. Religion could not be +without hope. To worship a being who did not speak to us, recognise us, +love us, was not religion. It might be a duty, it might be a merit; but +her instinctive notion of religion was the soul’s response to a God who +had taken notice of the soul. It was loving intercourse, or it was a name. +Now the three witnesses who had addressed her about Christianity had each +of them made it to consist in the intimate Divine Presence in the heart. +It was the friendship or mutual love of person with person. Here was the +very teaching which already was so urgently demanded both by her reason +and her heart, which she found nowhere else; which she found existing one +and the same in a female slave, in a country youth, in a learned priest. + +This was the broad impression which they made upon her mind. When she +turned to consider more in detail what it was they taught, or what was +implied in that idea of religion which so much approved itself to her, she +understood them to say that the Creator of heaven and earth, Almighty, +All-good, clothed in all the attributes which philosophy gives Him, the +Infinite, had loved the soul of man so much, and her soul in particular, +that He had come upon earth in the form of a man, and in that form had +gone through sufferings, in order to unite all souls to Him; that He +desired to love, and to be loved; that He had said so; that He had called +on man to love Him, and did actually bring to pass this loving intercourse +of Him and man in those souls who surrendered themselves to Him. She did +not go much further than this; but as much as this was before her mind +morning, noon, and night. It pleaded in her; it importuned her; it would +not be rebuffed. It did not mind her moods, or disgusts, or doubts, or +denials, or dismissals, but came again and again. It rose before her, in +spite of the contempt, reproach, and persecution which the profession of +it involved. It smiled upon her; it made promises to her; it opened +eternal views to her; and it grew upon her convictions in clearness of +perception, in congruity, and in persuasiveness. + +Moreover, the more she thought of Chione, of Agellius, and of Cæcilius the +more surely did she discern that this teaching wrought in them a something +which she had not. They had about them a simplicity, a truthfulness, a +decision, an elevation, a calmness, and a sanctity to which she was a +stranger, which spoke to her heart and absolutely overcame her. The image +of Cæcilius, in particular, came out prominently and eloquently in her +memory,—not in his words so much as in his manner. In spite of what she +had injuriously said to him, she really felt drawn to worship him, as if +he were the shrine and the home of that Presence to which he bore such +solemn witness. + +O the change, when, as if in punishment for her wild words against him, +she found herself actually in the hands of lawless men, who were as far +below her in sentiment as he was above her! O the change, when she was +dizzied by their brutal vociferations and rapid motion, and that breath +and atmosphere of evil which steamed up from the rankness of their +impiety! O the thankfulness which rose up in her heart, though but vaguely +directed to an object, when she found the repose and quiet, though it was +that of a prison! for young as she was, she had become tired of all things +that were seen, and had no strong desire, except for meditation on the +great truths which she did not know. + +One day passes and then another; and now the morning and the hour is come +when she must appear before the magistrates of Sicca. With dread, with +agitation, she looks forward to the moment. She has not yet a peace within +her. Her peace is the stillness of the room in which she is imprisoned. +She knows it will pass away when she leaves it; she knows that again she +must be in the hands of cruel, godless men, with whom she has no sympathy; +but she has no stay whereon to lean in the terrible trial. Her brother +comes to her: he affects to forget her perverseness or delusion. He comes +to her with a smile, and throws his arms around her; and Callista repels, +from some indescribable feeling, his ardent caress, as if she were no +longer his. He has come to accompany her to court, by an indulgence which +he had obtained; to support her there,—to carry her through, and to take +her back in triumph home. My sister,—why that strange, piteous look upon +thy countenance?—why that paleness of thy cheek?—why that whisper of thy +lips?—why those wistful, gentle pleadings of thine eyes? Sweet eyes, and +brow, and cheek, in which I have ever prided myself! Why so backward?—why +so distant and unfriendly? Am I not come to rescue thee from a place where +thou never shouldst have been?—where thou ne’er shalt be again? Callista, +what is this mystery?—speak! + +Such as this was the mute expostulation conveyed in Aristo’s look, and in +the fond grasp of his hand; while treading down forcibly within him his +memory and his fears of her great change, he determined she should be to +him still all that she had ever been. But how altered was that look, and +how relaxed that grasp, when at length her misery found words, and she +said to him in agitation, “My time is short: I want some Christian, a +Christian priest!” + +It was as though she had never shown any tendency before to the proscribed +religion. The words came to him with the intensity of something new and +unimagined hitherto. He clasped his hands in emotion, turned white, and +could but say, “Callista!” If she had made confession of the most heinous +of crimes,—if she had spoken of murder, or some black treachery against +himself,—of some enormity too great for words, it might have been; but his +sister!—his pride and delight, after all and certainly a Christian! Better +far had she said she was leaving him for ever, to abandon herself to the +degrading service of the temples; better had she said she had taken +hemlock, or had an asp in her bosom, than that she should choose to go out +of the world with the tortures, the ignominy, the malediction of the +religion of slaves. + +Time waits for no man, nor does the court of justice, nor the _subsellia_ +of the magistrate. The examination is to be held in the Basilica at the +Forum, and it requires from us a few words of explanation beforehand. The +local magistrates then could only try the lesser offences, and decide +civil suits; cases of suspected Christianity were reserved for the Roman +authorities. Still, preliminary examinations were not unfrequently +conducted by the city Duumvirs, or even in what may be called the police +courts. And this may have especially been the case in the Proconsulates. +Proprætors and Presidents were in the appointment of the Emperor, and +joined in their persons the supreme civil and military authority. Such +provinces, perhaps, were better administered; but there would be more of +arbitrariness in their rule, and it would not be so acceptable to the +ruled. The Proconsuls, on the other hand, were representatives of the +Senate, and had not the military force directly in their hands. The +natural tendency of this arrangement was to create, on the one hand, a +rivalry between the civil and military establishments; and, on the other, +to create a friendly feeling between the Proconsul and the local +magistracy. Thus, not long before the date of this history, we read of +Gordian, the Proconsul, enjoying a remarkable popularity in his African +province; and when the people rose against the exactions of the imperial +Procurator, as referred to in a former page, they chose and supported +Gordian against him. But however this might be in general, so it was at +this time at Sicca, that the Proconsular _Officium_ and the city +magistrates were on a good understanding with each other, whereas there +was some collision between the latter and the military. Not much depends +in the conduct of our story upon this circumstance; but it must be taken +to account for the examination of Callista in the Forum, and for some +other details which may follow before we come to the end of it. + +The populace was collected about the gates and within the ample space of +the Basilica, but they gave expression to no strong feeling on the subject +of a Christian delinquent. The famine, the sickness, and, above all, the +lesson which they had received so lately from the soldiers, had both +diminished their numbers and cowed their spirit. They were sullen, too, +and resentful; and, with the changeableness proverbial in a multitude, had +rather have witnessed the beheading of a magistrate, or the burning of a +tribune, than the torture and death of a dozen of wretched Christians. +Besides, they had had a glut of Christian blood; a reaction of feeling had +taken place, and, in spite of the suspicion of witchcraft, the youth and +the beauty of Callista recommended her to their compassion. + +The magistrates were seated on the _subsellia_, one of the Duumvirs +presiding, in his white robe bordered with purple; his lictors, with +staves, not fasces, standing behind him. In the vestibule of the court, to +confront the prisoner on her first entrance, were the usual instruments of +torture. The charge was one which can only be compared, in the estimation +of both state and people in that day, to that of witchcraft, poisoning, +parricide, or other monstrous iniquity in Christian times. There were the +heavy _boiæ_, a yoke for the neck, of iron, or of wood; the fetters; the +_nervi_, or stocks, in which hands and feet were inserted, at distances +from each other which strained or dislocated the joints. There, too, were +the _virgæ_, or rods with thorns in them; the _flagra_, _lori_, and +_plumbati_, whips and thongs, cutting with iron or bruising with lead; the +heavy clubs; the hook for digging into the flesh; the _ungula_, said to +have been a pair of scissors; the _scorpio_, and _pecten_, iron combs or +rakes for tearing. And there was the wheel, fringed with spikes, on which +the culprit was stretched; and there was the fire ready lighted, with the +water hissing and groaning in the large caldrons which were placed upon +it. Callista had lost for ever that noble intellectual composure of which +we have several times spoken; she shuddered at what she saw, and almost +fainted, and, while waiting for her summons, leaned heavily against the +merciless _cornicularius_ at her side. + + + +At length the judge began—“Let the servant from the _Officium_ stand +forth.” The _officialis_ answered that he had brought a prisoner charged +with Christianity; she had been brought to him by the military on the +night of the riot. + +The _scriba_ then read out the deposition of one of the _stationarii_, to +the effect that he and his fellow-soldiers had received her from the hands +of the civic force on the night in question, and had brought her to the +office of the Triumvirs. + +“Bring forward the prisoner,” said the judge; she was brought forward. + +“Here she is,” answered the _officialis_, according to the prescribed +form. + +“What is your name?” said the judge. + +She answered, “Callista.” + +The judge then asked if she was a freewoman or a slave. + +She answered, “Free; the daughter of Orsilochus, lapidary, of +Proconnesus.” + +Some conversation then went on among the magistrates as to her advocate or +_defensor_. Aristo presented himself, but the question arose whether he +was _togatus_. He was known, however, to several magistrates, and was +admitted to stand by his sister. + +Then the _scriba_ read the charge—viz., that Callista was a Christian, and +refused to sacrifice to the gods. + +It was a plain question of fact, which required neither witnesses nor +speeches. At a sign from the Duumvir in came two priests, bringing in +between them the small altar of Jupiter; the charcoal was ready lighted, +the incense at the side, and the judge called to the prisoner to sprinkle +it upon the flame for the good fortune of Decius and his son. All eyes +were turned upon her. + +“I am not a Christian,” she said; “I told you so before. I have never been +to a Christian place of worship, nor taken any Christian oath, nor joined +in any Christian sacrifice. And I should lie did I say that I was in any +sense a Christian.” + +There was a silence; then the judge said, “Prove your words; there is the +altar, the flame, and the incense; sacrifice to the genius of the +Emperor.” + +She said, “What can I do? I am not a Christian.” The judges looked at each +other, as much as to say, “It is the old story; it is that inexplicable, +hateful obstinacy, which will neither yield to reason, common sense, +expediency, or fear.” + +The Duumvir only repeated the single word, “Sacrifice.” + +She stopped awhile; then she came forward with a hurried step. “O my +fate!” she cried, “why was I born? why am I in this strait? I have no god. +What can I do? I am abandoned; why should I not do it?” She stopped; then +she went right on to the altar; she took the incense: suddenly she looked +up to heaven and started, and threw it away. “I cannot! I dare not!” she +cried out. There was a great sensation in court. “Evidently insane,” said +some of the more merciful of the Decurions; “poor thing, poor thing!” Her +brother ran up to her; talked to her, conjured her, fell down on his knees +to her; took her hand violently, and would have forced her to offer. In +vain; all he could get from her was, “I am not a Christian; indeed, I am +not a Christian. I have nothing to do with them. O the misery!” + +“She is mad!” cried Aristo; “my lord judges, listen to me. She was seized +by brutal ruffians during the riot, and the fright and shock have overcome +her. Give her time, oh! give her time, and she will get right. She’s a +good religious girl; she has done more work for the temples than any girl +in Sicca; half the statues in the city are her finishing. Many of you, my +lords, have her handiwork. She works with me. Do not add to my anguish in +seeing her deranged, by punishing her as a criminal, a Christian: do not +take her from me. Sentence her, and you end the whole matter; give her a +chance, and she will certainly be restored to the gods and to me. Will you +put her to death because she is mad?” + +What was to be done? The court was obsequious to the Proconsul, afraid of +Rome; jealous that the mob should have been more forward than the +magistracy. Had the city moved sooner, as soon as the edict came, there +would have been no rising, no riot. Already they had been called on for a +report about that riot and an explanation; if ever they had need to look +sharp what they were doing, it was now. On the other hand, Callista and +her brother had friends among the judges, as we have said, and their plea +was at once obvious and reasonable. “If she persists, she persists, and +nothing can be said; we don’t wish to be disloyal, or careless of the +emperor’s commands. If she is obstinate, she must die; but she dies quite +as usefully to us, with quite as much effect, a month hence as now. Not +that we ask you to define a time on your own authority; simply do this, +write to Carthage for advice. The government can answer within an hour, if +it chooses. Merely say, ‘Here is a young woman, who has ever been +religious and well conducted, of great accomplishments, and known +especially for her taste and skill in religious art, who since the day of +the riot has suddenly refused to take the test. She can give no reason for +her refusal, and protests she is not a Christian. Her friends say that the +fright has turned her brain, but that if kindly treated and kept quiet, +she will come round, and do all that is required of her. What are we to +do?’ ” + +At last Callista’s friends prevailed. It was decided that the judges +should pass over this examination altogether, as if it had been rendered +informal by Callista’s conduct. Had they recognised it as a proper legal +process, they must have sentenced and executed her. Such a decision was of +this further advantage to her, that nothing was altered as to her place of +confinement. Instead of being handed over to the state prison, she +remained in her former lodging, though in custody, and was allowed to see +her friends. There had been very little chance of her recovery, supposing +she was mad, or of ever coming out, if she had once gone into the +formidable _Carcer_. Meanwhile the magistrates sent to Carthage for +instructions. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXVIII. + + + A SICK CALL. + + +Aristo was not a fellow to have very long distresses; he never would have +died of love or of envy, for honour or for loss of property; but his +present calamity was one of the greatest he could ever have, and weighed +upon him as long as ever any one could. His love for his sister was real, +but it would not do to look too closely into the grounds of it; if we are +obliged to do so, we must confess to a suspicion that it lay rather in +certain outward, nay, accidental attributes of Callista, than in Callista +herself. Did she lose her good looks, or her amiable unresisting +submission to his wishes, whatever they were, she would also lose her hold +upon his affections. This is not to make any severe charge against him, +considering how it is with the common run of brothers and sisters, +husbands and wives; at the same time, most people certainly are haunted by +the memory of the past, and love for “Auld lang syne,” and this Aristo +might indeed have had, and perhaps had not. He loved chiefly for the +present, and by the hour. + +However, at the present time he was in a state of acute suffering, and, +under its paroxysm, he bethought him again of Cornelius’s advice, which he +had rejected, to betake himself to Polemo. He had a distant acquaintance +with him, sufficient for his purpose, and he called on him at the Mercury +after the latter’s lecture. Polemo was no fool, though steeped in +affectation and self-conceit, and Aristo fancied that his sister might be +more moved by a philosophical compatriot than any one else. Polemo’s +astonishment, however, when the matter was proposed to him surpassed +words, and it showed how utterly Aristo was absorbed in his own misery, +that the possibility of such a reception should not have occurred to him. +What, he, the friend of Plotinus, of Rogatian, and the other noble men and +women who were his fellow-disciples at Rome; he, a member of the +intellectual aristocracy of the metropolis of the world; what, he to visit +a felon in prison! and when he found the felon was a Christian, he fully +thought that Aristo had come to insult him, and was on the point of +bidding him leave him to himself. Aristo, however, persisted; and his +evident anguish, and some particulars which came out, softened him. +Callista was a Greek; a literate, or blue stocking. She had never indeed +worn the philosophic pallium (as some Christian martyrs afterwards, if not +before, have done—St. Catherine and St. Euphemia), but there was no reason +why she should not do so. Polemo recollected having heard of her at the +Capitol, and in the triclinium of one of the Decurions, as a lady of +singular genius and attainments; and he lately had made an attempt to form +a female class of hearers, and it would be a feather in his cap to make a +convert of her. So, not many days after, one evening, accompanied by +Aristo, he set out in his litter to the lodging where she was in custody; +not, however, without much misgiving when it came to the point, some +shame, and a consequent visible awkwardness and stiffness in his manner. +All the perfumes he had about him could not hinder the disgust of such a +visit rising up into his nostrils. + +Callista’s room was very well for a prison; it was on the ground-floor of +a house of many stories, close to the _Officium_ of the Triumvirate. +Though not any longer under their strict jurisdiction, she was allowed to +remain where she had first been lodged. She was in one of the rooms +belonging to an apparitor of that _Officium_, and, as he had a wife, or at +least a partner, to take care of her, she might consider herself very well +off. However, the reader must recollect that we are in Africa, in the +month of July, and our young Greek was little used to heats, which made +the whole city nothing less than one vast oven through the greater part of +the twenty-four hours. In lofty spacious apartments the resource adopted +is to exclude the external air, and to live as Greenlanders, with closed +windows and doors; this was both impossible, and would have been +unsuccessful, if attempted in the small apartment of Callista. But fever +of mind is even worse than the heat of the sky; and it is undeniable that +her health, and her strength, and her appearance are affected by both the +physical and the moral enemy. The beauty, which was her brother’s delight, +is waning away; and the shadows, if not the rudiments of a diviner +loveliness, which is of expression, not of feature, which inspires not +human passion, but diffuses chaste thoughts and aspirations, are taking +its place. Aristo sees the change with no kind of satisfaction. The room +has a bench, two or three stools, and a bed of rushes in one corner. A +staple is firmly fixed in the wall; and an iron chain, light, however, and +long, if the two ideas can be reconciled, reaches to her slender arm, and +is joined to it by an iron ring. + +On Polemo’s entering the room, his first exclamation was to complain of +its closeness; but he had to do a work, so he began it without delay. +Callista, on her part, started; she had no wish for his presence. She was +reclining on her couch, and she sat up. She was not equal to a +controversy, nor did she mean to have one, whatever might be the case with +_him_. + +“Callista, my life and joy, dear Callista,” said her brother, “I have +brought the greatest man in Sicca to see you.” + +Callista cast upon him an earnest look, which soon subsided into +indifference. He had a rose of Cyrene in his hand, whose perfume he +diffused about the small room. + +“It is Polemo,” continued Aristo, “the friend of the great Plotinus, who +knows all philosophies and all philosophers. He has come out of kindness +to you.” + +Callista acknowledged his presence; it was certainly, she said, a great +kindness for any one to visit her, and there. + +Polemo replied by a compliment; he said it was Socrates visiting Aspasia. +There had always been women above the standard of their sex, and they had +ever held an intellectual converse with men of mind. He saw one such +before him. + +Callista felt it would be plunging her soul still deeper into shadows, +when she sought realities, if she must take part in such an argument. She +remained silent. + +“Your sister has not the fit upon her?” asked Polemo of Aristo aside, +neither liking her reception of him, nor knowing what to say. “Not at all, +dear thing,” answered Aristo; “she is all attention for you to begin.” + +“Natives of Greece,” at length said he, “natives of Greece should know +each other; they deserve to know each other; there is a secret sympathy +between them. Like that mysterious influence which unites magnet to +magnet; or like the echo which is a repercussion of the original voice. +So, in like manner, Greeks are what none but they can be,” and he smelt at +his rose and bowed. + +She smiled faintly when he mentioned Greece. “Yes,” she said, “I am fonder +of Greece than of Africa.” + +“Each has its advantages,” said Polemo; “there is a pleasure in imparting +knowledge, in lighting flame from flame. It would be selfish did we not +leave Greece to communicate what they have not here. But you,” he added, +“lady, neither can learn in Greece nor teach in Africa, while you are in +this vestibule of Orcus. I understand, however, it is your own choice; can +that be possible?” + +“Well, I wish to get out, if I could, most learned Polemo,” said Callista +sadly. + +“May Polemo of Rhodes speak frankly to Callista of Proconnesus?” asked +Polemo. “I would not speak to every one. If so, let me ask, what keeps you +here?” + +“The magistrates of Sicca and this iron chain,” answered Callista. “I +would I could be elsewhere; I would I were not what I am.” + +“What could you wish to be more than you are?” answered Polemo; “more +gifted, accomplished, beautiful than any daughter of Africa.” + +“Go to the point, Polemo,” said Aristo, nervously, though respectfully; +“she wants home-thrusts.” + +“I see my brother wants you to ask how far it depends on me that I am +here,” said Callista, wishing to hasten his movements; “it is because I +will not burn incense upon the altar of Jupiter.” + +“A most insufficient reason, lady,” said Polemo. + +Callista was silent. + +“What does that action mean?” said Polemo; “it proposes to mean nothing +else than that you are loyal to the Roman power. You are not of those +Greeks, I presume, who dream of a national insurrection at this time? then +you are loyal to Rome. Did I believe a Leonidas could now arise, an +Harmodius, a Miltiades, a Themistocles, a Pericles, an Epaminondas, I +should be as ready to take the sword as another; but it is hopeless. +Greece, then, makes no claim on you just now. Nor will I believe, though +you were to tell me so yourself, that you are leagued with any obscure, +fanatic sect who desire Rome’s downfall. Consider what Rome is;” and now +he had got into the magnificent commonplace, out of his last panegyrical +oration with which he had primed himself before he set out. “I am a +Greek,” he said, “I love Greece, but I love truth better; and I look at +facts. I grasp them, and I confess to them. The wide earth, through untold +centuries, has at length grown into the imperial dominion of One. It has +converged and coalesced in all its various parts into one Rome. This, +which we see, is the last, the perfect state of human society. The course +of things, the force of natural powers, as is well understood by all great +lawyers and philosophers, cannot go further. Unity has come at length, and +unity is eternity. It will be for ever, because it is a whole. The +principle of dissolution is eliminated. We have reached the _apotelesma_ +of the world. Greece, Egypt, Assyria, Libya, Etruria, Lydia, have all had +their share in the result. Each of them, in its own day, has striven in +vain to stop the course of fate, and has been hurried onwards at its +wheels as its victim or its instrument. And shall Judæa do what profound +Egypt and subtle Greece have tried in vain? If even the freedom of +thought, the liberal scepticism, nay, the revolutionary theories of Hellas +have proved unequal to the task of splitting up the Roman power, if the +pomp and luxury of the East have failed, shall the mysticism of Syria +succeed?” + +“Well, dear Callista, are you listening?” cried Aristo, not over-confident +of the fact, though Polemo looked round at him with astonishment. + +“Ten centuries,” he continued, “ten centuries have just been completed +since Rome began her victorious career. For ten centuries she has been +fulfilling her high mission in the dispositions of Destiny, and perfecting +her maxims of policy and rules of government. For ten centuries she has +pursued one track with an ever-growing intensity of zeal, and an +ever-widening extent of territory. What can she not do? just one thing; +and that one thing which she has not presumed to do, you are attempting. +She has maintained her own religion, as was fitting; but she has never +thrown contempt on the religion of others. This you are doing. Observe, +Callista, Rome herself, in spite of her great power, has yielded to that +necessity which is greater. She does not meddle with the religions of the +peoples. She has opened no war against their diversities of rite. The +conquering power found, especially in the East, innumerable traditions, +customs, prejudices, principles, superstitions, matted together in one +hopeless mass; she left them as they were; she recognised them; it would +have been the worse for her if she had done otherwise. All she said to the +peoples, all she dared say to them, was, ‘You bear with me, and I will +bear with you.’ Yet this you will not do; you Christians, who have no +pretence to any territory, who are not even the smallest of the peoples, +who are not even a people at all, you have the fanaticism to denounce all +other rites but your own, nay, the religion of great Rome. Who are you? +upstarts and vagabonds of yesterday. Older religions than yours, more +intellectual, more beautiful religions, which have had a position, and a +history, and a political influence, have come to nought; and shall you +prevail, you, a _congeries_, a hotch-potch of the leavings, and scraps, +and broken meat of the great peoples of the East and West? Blush, blush, +Grecian Callista, you with a glorious nationality of your own to go shares +with some hundred peasants, slaves, thieves, beggars, hucksters, tinkers, +cobblers, and fishermen! A lady of high character, of brilliant +accomplishments, to be the associate of the outcasts of society!” + +Polemo’s speech, though cumbrous, did execution, at least the termination +of it, upon minds constituted like the Grecian. Aristo jumped up, swore an +oath, and looked round triumphantly at Callista, who felt its force also. +After all, what did she know of Christians?—at best she was leaving the +known for the unknown: she was sure to be embracing certain evil for +contingent good. She said to herself, “No, I never can be a Christian.” +Then she said aloud, “My Lord Polemo, I am not a Christian;—I never said I +was.” + +“That is her absurdity!” cried Aristo. “She is neither one thing nor the +other. She won’t say she’s a Christian, and she won’t sacrifice!” + +“It is my misfortune,” she said, “I know. I am losing both what I see, and +what I don’t see. It is most inconsistent: yet what can I do?” + +Polemo had said what he considered enough. He was one of those who sold +his words. He had already been over-generous, and was disposed to give +away no more. + +After a time, Callista said, “Polemo, do you believe in one God?” + +“Certainly,” he answered; “I believe in one eternal, self-existing +something.” + +“Well,” she said, “I feel that God within my heart. I feel myself in His +presence. He says to me, ‘Do this: don’t do that,’ You may tell me that +this dictate is a mere law of my nature, as is to joy or to grieve. I +cannot understand this. No, it is the echo of a person speaking to me. +Nothing shall persuade me that it does not ultimately proceed from a +person external to me. It carries with it its proof of its divine origin. +My nature feels towards it as towards a person. When I obey it, I feel a +satisfaction; when I disobey, a soreness—just like that which I feel in +pleasing or offending some revered friend. So you see, Polemo, I believe +in what is more than a mere ‘something.’ I believe in what is more real to +me than sun, moon, stars, and the fair earth, and the voice of friends. +You will say, Who is He? Has He ever told you anything about Himself? +Alas! no!—the more’s the pity! But I will not give up what I have, because +I have not more. An echo implies a voice; a voice a speaker. That speaker +I love and I fear.” + +Here she was exhausted, and overcome too, poor Callista! with her own +emotions. + +“O that I could find Him!” she exclaimed, passionately. “On the right hand +and on the left I grope, but touch Him not. Why dost Thou fight against +me?—why dost Thou scare and perplex me, O First and Only Fair? I have Thee +not, and I need Thee.” She added, “I am no Christian, you see, or I should +have found Him; or at least I should say I had found Him.” + +“It is hopeless,” said Polemo to Aristo, in much disgust, and with some +hauteur of manner: “she is too far gone. You should not have brought me to +this place.” + +Aristo groaned. + +“Shall I,” she continued, “worship any but Him? Shall I say that He whom I +see not, whom I seek, is our Jupiter, or Cæsar, or the goddess Rome? They +are none of them images of this inward guide of mine. I sacrifice to Him +alone.” + +The two men looked at each other in amazement: one of them in anger. + +“It’s like the demon of Socrates,” said Aristo, timidly. + +“I will acknowledge Cæsar in every fitting way,” she repeated; “but I will +not make him my God.” + +Presently she added, “Polemo, will not that invisible Monitor have +something to say to all of us,—to you,—at some future day?” + +“Spare me! spare me, Callista!” cried Polemo, starting up with a violence +unsuited to his station and profession. “Spare my ears, unhappy +woman!—such words have never hitherto entered them. I did not come to be +insulted. Poor, blind, hapless, perverse spirit—I separate myself from you +for ever! Desert, if you will, the majestic, bright, beneficent traditions +of your forefathers, and live in this frightful superstition! Farewell!” + +He did not seem better pleased with Aristo than with Callista, though +Aristo helped him into his litter, walked by his side, and did what he +could to propitiate him. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXIX. + + + CONVERSION. + + +If there is a state of mind utterly forlorn, it is that in which we left +the poor prisoner after Polemo had departed. She was neither a Christian, +nor was she not. She was in the midway region of inquiry, which as surely +takes time to pass over, except there be some almost miraculous +interference, as it takes time to walk from place to place. You see a +person coming towards you, and you say, impatiently, “Why don’t you come +faster?—why are you not here already?” Why?—because it takes time. To see +that heathenism is false,—to see that Christianity is true,—are two acts, +and involve two processes. They may indeed be united, and the truth may +supplant the error; but they may not. Callista obeyed, as far as truth was +brought home to her. She saw the vanity of idols before she had faith in +Him who came to destroy them. She could safely say, “I discard Jupiter:” +she could not say, “I am a Christian.” Besides, what did she know of +Christians? How did she know that they would admit her, if she wished it? +They were a secret society, with an election, an initiation, and +oaths;—not a mere philosophical school, or a profession of opinion, open +to any individual. If they were the good people that she fancied them to +be,—and if they were not, she would not think of them at all,—they were +not likely to accept of her. + +Still, though we may account for her conduct, its issue was not, on that +account, the less painful. She had neither the promise of this world, nor +of the next, and was losing earth without gaining heaven. Our Lord is +reported to have said, “Be ye good money-changers.” Poor Callista did not +know how to turn herself to account. It had been so all through her short +life. She had ardent affections, and keen sensibilities, and high +aspirations; but she was not fortunate in the application of them. She had +put herself into her brother’s hands, and had let him direct her course. +It could not be expected that he would be very different from the world. +We are cautioned against “rejoicing in our youth.” Aristo rejoiced in his +without restraint; and he made his sister rejoice in hers, if enjoyment it +was. He himself found in the pleasures he pointed out a banquet of +fruits:—she dust and ashes. And so she went on; not changing her life, +from habit, from the captivity of nature, but weary, disappointed, +fastidious, hungry, yet not knowing what she would have; yearning after +something, she did not well know what. And as heretofore she had cast her +lot with the world, yet had received no price for her adhesion, so now she +had bid it farewell; yet had nothing to take in its place. + +As to her brother, after the visit of Polemo, he got more and more +annoyed—angry rather than distressed, and angry with her. One more +opportunity occurred of her release, and it was the last effort he made to +move her. Cornelius, in spite of his pomposity, had acted the part of a +real friend. He wrote from Carthage, that he had happily succeeded in his +application to government, and, difficult and unusual as was the grace, +had obtained her release. He sent the formal documents for carrying it +through the court, and gained the eager benediction of the excitable +Aristo. He rushed with the parchments to the magistrates, who recognised +them as sufficient, and got an order for admission to her room. + +“Joy, my dearest,” he cried; “you are free! We will leave this loathsome +country by the first vessel. I have seen the magistrates already.” + +The colour came into her wan face, she clasped her hands together, and +looked earnestly at Aristo. He proceeded to explain the process of +liberation. She would not be called on to sacrifice, but must sign a +writing to the effect that she had done so, and there would be an end of +the whole matter. On the first statement she saw no difficulty in the +proposal, and started up in animation. Presently her countenance fell; how +could she say that she had done what it was treason to her inward Guide to +do? What was the difference between acknowledging a blasphemy by a +signature or by incense? She smiled sorrowfully at him, shook her head, +and lay down again upon her rushes. She had anticipated the Church’s +judgment on the case of the _Libellatici_. + +Aristo could not at first believe he heard aright, that she refused to be +saved by what seemed to him a matter of legal form; and his anger grew so +high as to eclipse and to shake his affection. “Lost girl,” he cried, “I +abandon you to the Furies!” and he shook his clenched hand at her. He +turned away, and said he would never see her again, and he kept his word. +He never came again. He took refuge, with less restraint than was usual to +him, in such pleasures as the city could supply, and strove to drive his +sister from his mind by dissipation. He mixed in the games of the Campus +Martius under the shadow of the mountain; took part with the revellers in +the Forum, and ended the evening at the Thermæ. Sometimes the image of +dear Callista, as once she looked, would rush into his mind with a force +which would not be denied, and he would weep for a whole night. + +At length he determined to destroy himself, after the example of so many +great men. He gave a sumptuous entertainment, expending his means upon it, +and invited his friends to partake of it. It passed off with great gaiety; +nothing was wanting to make it equal to an occasion so special and +singular. He disclosed to his guests his purpose, and they applauded; the +last libations were made—the revellers departed—the lights were +extinguished. Aristo disappeared that night: Sicca never saw him again. +After some time it was found that he was at Carthage, and he had been +provident enough to take with him some of his best working tools, and some +specimens of his own and poor Callista’s skill. + +Strange to say, Jucundus proved a truer friend to the poor girl than her +brother. In spite of his selfishness and hatred of Christians, he was +considerably affected as her case got more and more serious, and it became +evident that only one answer could be returned to the magistrates from +Carthage. He was quite easy about Agellius, who had, as he considered, +successfully made off with himself, and he was reconciled to the thought +of never seeing him again. Had it not been for this, one might have +fancied that some lurking anxiety about the fate of his nephew might have +kept alive the fidget which Callista’s dismal situation gave him, for the +philosopher tells us, that pity always has something in it of self; but, +under the circumstances, it would be rash judgment to have any such +suspicion of his motives. He was not a cruel man: even the “hoary-headed +Fabian,” or Cyprian, or others whom he so roundly abused, would have +found, when it came to the point, that his bluster was his worst weapon +against them; at any rate he had enough of the “milk of human kindness” to +feel considerable distress about that idiotic Callista. + +Yet what could he do? He might as well stop the passage of the sun, as the +movements of mighty Rome, and a rescript would be coming to a certainty in +due time from Carthage, and would just say one thing, which would +forthwith be passing into the region of fact. He had no one to consult, +and to tell the truth, Callista’s fate was more than acquiesced in by the +public of Sicca. Her death seemed a solution of various perplexities and +troubles into which the edict had brought them; it would be purchasing the +praise of loyalty cheaply. Moreover, there were sets of men actually +hostile to her and her brother; the companies of statuaries, lapidaries, +and goldsmiths, were jealous of foreign artists like them, who showed +contempt for Africa, and who were acquainted, or rather intimate, with +many of the higher classes, and even high personages in the place. Well, +but could not some of those great people help her now? His mind glanced +towards Calphurnius, whom he had heard of as in some way or other +protecting her on the evening of the riot, and to him he determined to +betake himself. + +Calphurnius and the soldiery were still in high dudgeon with the populace +of Sicca, displeased with the magistrates, and full of sympathy for +Callista. Jucundus opened his mind fully to the tribune, and persuaded him +to take him to Septimius, his military superior, and in the presence of +the latter many good words were uttered both by Calphurnius and Jucundus. +Jucundus gave it as his opinion that it was a very great mistake to strike +at any but the leaders of the Christian sect; he quoted the story of King +Tarquin and the poppies, and assured the great man that it was what he had +always said and always prophesied, and that, depend upon it, it was a +great mistake not to catch Cyprianus. + +“The strong arm of the law,” he said, “should not, on the other hand, be +put forth against such butterflies as this Callista, a girl who, he knew +from her brother, had not yet seen eighteen summers. What harm could such +a poor helpless thing possibly do? She could not even defend herself, much +less attack anybody else. No,” he continued, “your proper policy with +these absurd people is a smiling face and an open hand. Recollect the +fable of the sun and the wind; which made the traveller lay aside his +cloak? Do you fall in with some sour-visaged, stiff-backed worshipper of +the Furies? fill his cup for him, crown his head with flowers, bring in +the flute-women. Observe him—he relaxes; a smile spreads on his +countenance; he laughs at a jest; ‘captus est; habet:’ he pours a +libation. Great Jove has conquered! he is loyal to Rome; what can you +desire more? But beat him, kick him, starve him, turn him out of doors; +and you have a natural enemy to do you a mischief whenever he can.” + +Calphurnius took his own line, and a simple one. “If it was some vile +slave or scoundrel African,” he said, “no harm would have been done; but, +by Jupiter Tonans, it’s a Greek girl, who sings like a Muse, dances like a +Grace, and spouts verses like Minerva. ’Twould be sacrilege to touch a +hair of her head; and we forsooth are to let these cowardly dogs of +magistrates entrap Fortunianus at Carthage into this solecism.” + +Septimius said nothing, as became a man in office; but he came to an +understanding with his visitors. It was plain that the Duumvirs of Sicca +had no legal custody of Callista; in a criminal matter she might seem to +fall under the jurisdiction of the military; and Calphurnius gained leave +to claim his right at the proper moment. The rest of his plan the tribune +kept to himself, nor did Septimius wish to know it. He intended to march a +guard into the prison shortly before Callista was brought out for +execution, and then to make it believed that she had died under the +horrors of the Barathrum. The corpse of another woman could without +difficulty be found to be her representative, and she herself would be +carried off to the camp. + + + +Meanwhile, to return to the prisoner herself, what was the consolation, +what the occupation of Callista in this waiting time, ere the Proconsul +had sent his answer? Strange to say, and, we suppose, from a sinful +waywardness in her, she had, up to this moment, neglected to avail herself +of a treasure, which by a rare favour had been put into her possession. A +small parchment, carefully written, elaborately adorned, lay in her bosom, +which might already have been the remedy of many a perplexity, many a woe. +It is difficult to say under what feelings she had been reluctant to open +the Holy Gospel, which Cæcilius had intrusted to her care. Whether she was +so low and despondent that she could not make the effort, or whether she +feared to convince herself further, or whether she professed to be waiting +for some calmer time, as if that were possible, or whether her +unwillingness was that which makes sick people so averse to eating, or to +remedies which they know would be useful to them, cannot well be +determined; but there are many of us who may be able, from parallel +instances of infirmity, to enter into that state of mind, which led her at +least to procrastinate what she might do any minute. However, now left +absolutely to herself, Aristo gone, and the answer of the government to +the magistracy not having yet come, she recurred to the parchment, and to +the Bishop’s words, which ran, “Here you will see who it is we love,” or +language to that effect. It was tightly lodged under her girdle, and so +had escaped in the confusion of that terrible evening. She opened it at +length and read. + +It was the writing of a provincial Greek; elegant, however, and marked +with that simplicity which was to her taste the elementary idea of a +classic author. It was addressed to one Theophilus, and professed to be a +carefully digested and verified account of events which had been already +attempted by others. She read a few paragraphs, and became interested, and +in no long time she was absorbed in the volume. When she had once taken it +up, she did not lay it down. Even at other times she would have prized it, +but now, when she was so desolate and lonely, it was simply a gift from an +unseen world. It opened a view of a new state and community of beings, +which only seemed too beautiful to be possible. But not into a new state +of things alone, but into the presence of One who was simply distinct and +removed from anything that she had, in her most imaginative moments, ever +depicted to her mind as ideal perfection. Here was that to which her +intellect tended, though that intellect could not frame it. It could +approve and acknowledge, when set before it, what it could not originate. +Here was He who spoke to her in her conscience; whose Voice she heard, +whose Person she was seeking for. Here was He who kindled a warmth on the +cheek of both Chione and Agellius. That image sank deep into her; she felt +it to be a reality. She said to herself, “This is no poet’s dream; it is +the delineation of a real individual. There is too much truth and nature, +and life and exactness about it, to be anything else.” Yet she shrank from +it; it made her feel her own difference from it, and a feeling of +humiliation came upon her mind, such as she never had had before. She +began to despise herself more thoroughly day by day; yet she recollected +various passages in the history which reassured her amid her +self-abasement, especially that of His tenderness and love for the poor +girl at the feast, who would anoint His feet; and the full tears stood in +her eyes, and she fancied she was that sinful child, and that He did not +repel her. + +O what a new world of thought she had entered! it occupied her mind from +its very novelty. Everything looked dull and dim by the side of it; her +brother had ever been dinning into her ears that maxim of the heathen, +“Enjoy the present, trust nothing to the future.” She indeed could not +enjoy the present with that relish which he wished, and she had not any +trust in the future either; but this volume spoke a different doctrine. +There she learned the very opposite to what Aristo taught—viz., that the +present must be sacrificed for the future; that what is seen must give way +to what is believed. Nay, more, she drank in the teaching which at first +seemed so paradoxical, that even present happiness and present greatness +lie in relinquishing what at first sight seems to promise them; that the +way to true pleasure is, not through self-indulgence, but through +mortification; that the way to power is weakness, the way to success +failure, the way to wisdom foolishness, the way to glory dishonour. She +saw that there was a higher beauty than that which the order and harmony +of the natural world revealed, and a deeper peace and calm than that which +the exercise, whether of the intellect or of the purest human affection, +can supply. She now began to understand that strange, unearthly composure, +which had struck her in Chione, Agellius, and Cæcilius; she understood +that they were detached from the world, not because they had not the +possession, nor the natural love of its gifts, but because they possessed +a higher blessing already, which they loved above everything else. Thus, +by degrees, Callista came to walk by a new philosophy; and had ideas, and +principles, and a sense of relations and aims, and a susceptibility of +arguments, to which before she was an utter stranger. Life and death, +action and suffering, fortunes and abilities, all had now a new meaning +and application. As the skies speak differently to the philosopher and the +peasant, as a book of poems to the imaginative and to the cold and narrow +intellect, so now she saw her being, her history, her present condition, +her future, in a new light, which no one else could share with her. But +the ruling sovereign thought of the whole was He, who exemplified all this +wonderful philosophy in Himself. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXX. + + + TORRES VEDRAS. + + +There were those, however, whom Callista could understand, and who could +understand her; there were those who, while Aristo, Cornelius, Jucundus, +and Polemo were moving in her behalf, were interesting themselves also in +her, and in a more effectual way. Agellius had joined Cæcilius, and, if in +no other way, by his mouth came to the latter and his companions the news +of her imprisonment. On the morning that Agellius had been so strangely +let out of confinement by his brother, and found himself seated at the +street-door, with his tunic on his arm and his boots on the ground before +him, his first business was to recollect where he was, and to dispose of +those articles of dress according to their respective uses. What should he +do with himself, was of course his second thought. He could not stay there +long without encountering the early risers of Sicca, the gates being +already open. To attempt to find out where Callista was, and then to see +her or rescue her, would have ended at once in his own capture. To go to +his own farm would have been nearly as dangerous, and would have had less +meaning. Cæcilius too had said, that they were not long to be separated, +and had given him directions for finding him. + +Immediately then he made his way to one of the eastern gates, which led to +Thibursicumbur. There was indeed no time to be lost, as he soon had +indications; he met several men who knew him by sight, and one of the +apparitors of the Duumviri, who happily did not. An apostate Christian, +whose zeal for the government was notorious, passed him and looked back +after him. However, he would soon be out of pursuit, if he had the start +of them until the sun got round the mountains he was seeking. He walked on +through a series of rocky and barren hills, till he got some way past the +second milestone. Before he had reached the third he had entered a defile +in the mountains. Perpendicular rocks rose on each side of him, and the +level road, reaching from rock to rock, was not above thirty feet across. +He felt that if he was pursued here, there was no escape. The third +milestone passed, he came to the country road; he pursued it, counting out +his thousand steps, as Cæcilius had instructed him. By this time it had +left the stony bottom, and was rising up the side of the precipice. +Brushwood and dwarf pines covered it, mingled with a few olives and +caroubas. He said out his seven pater nosters as he walked, and then +looked around. He had just passed a goatherd, and they looked hard at each +other. Agellius wished him good morning. + +“You are wishing a kid for Bacchus, sir,” said the man to him as he was +running his eye over the goats. On Agellius answering in the negative, he +said in a clownish way, “He who does not sacrifice to Bacchus does not +sacrifice goats.” + +Agellius, bearing in mind Cæcilius’s directions, saw of course there was +something in the words which did not meet the ear, and answered +carelessly, “He who does not sacrifice, does not sacrifice to Bacchus.” + +“True,” said the man, “but perhaps you prefer a lamb for a sacrifice.” + +Agellius replied, “If it is the right one; but the one I mean was slain +long since.” + +The man, without any change of manner, went on to say that there was an +acquaintance of his not far up the rock, who could perhaps satisfy him on +the point. He said, “Follow those wild olives, though the path seems +broken, and you will come to him at the nineteenth.” + +Agellius set out, and never was path so untrue to its own threats. It +seemed ending in abrupt cliffs every turn, but never fulfilled the +anticipation; that is, while he kept to the olive-trees. After ascending +what was rather a flight of marble steps, washed and polished by the +winter torrents, than a series of crags, he fulfilled the number of trees, +and looked round at the man sitting under it. O the joy and surprise! it +was his old servant Aspar. + +“You are safe, then, Aspar,” he said, “and I find you here. O what a +tender Providence!” + +“I have taken my stand here, master,” returned Aspar, “day after day, +since I got here, in hopes of seeing you. I could not get back to you from +Jucundus’s that dreadful morning, and so I made my way here. Your uncle +sent for you in my presence, but at the time I did not know what it meant. +I was able to escape.” + +“And now for Cæcilius,” said Agellius. + +Behind the olive-tree a torrent’s bed descended; the descent being so +easy, and yet so natural, that art had evidently interfered with nature, +yet concealed its interference. After tracing it some yards, they came to +a chasm on the opposite side; and, passing through it, Agellius soon found +himself, to his surprise, on a bleak open hill, to which the huge mountain +formed merely a sort of _façade_. Its surface was half rock, half moor, +and it was surrounded by precipices. It was such a place as some hermit of +the middle ages might have chosen for his solitude. The two walked briskly +across it, and at length came to a low, broad yawning opening, branching +out into several passages which, if pursued, would have been found to end +in nothing. Aspar, however, made straight for what appeared a dead wall of +rock, in which, on his making a signal, a door, skilfully hidden, was +opened from within, and was shut behind them by the porter. They now stood +in a gallery running into the mountain. It was very long, and a stream of +cold air came along it. Aspar told him that at the extremity of it they +should find Cæcilius. + +Agellius was indeed in the vestibule of a remarkable specimen of those +caves which had been used for religious purposes, first by the aborigines +of the country, then by the Phœnician colonists, and in the centuries +which had just passed, for the concealment of the Christians. The passage +along which they were proceeding might itself be fitly called a cave, but +still it was only one of several natural subterraneans, of different +shapes, and opening into each other. Some of them lay along the face of a +ravine, from which they received light and air; and here in one place +there were indications of a fortified front. They were perfectly dry, +though the water had at some remote period filtered through the roof, and +had formed pendants and pillars of semi-transparent stalactite, of great +beauty. It was another and singular advantage that a particular spot in +one of the caverns, which bordered on the ravine, was the focus of an +immense ear or whispering-gallery, such, that whatever took place in the +public road in which the ravine terminated, could be distinctly heard +there, and thus they were always kept on guard against the attack of an +enemy, if expected. Had either Agellius or Aspar been curious about such a +matter, the latter might have pointed out the place where a Punic altar +once had been discovered, with a sort of _tumulus_ of bones of mice near +at hand, that animal coming into the list of victims in the Phœnician +worship. + +But the two Christians were engaged, as they first halted, and then walked +along the corridor, in other thoughts, than in asking and answering +questions about the history of the place of refuge in which they found +themselves. We have already remarked on the central position of Sicca for +the purpose of missionary work and of retreat in persecution; such a +dwelling in the rocks did but increase its advantageousness, and in +consequence at this moment many Christians had availed themselves of it. +It is an English proverb that three removes are as bad as a fire; and so +great were the perils and the hardships of flight in those times, that it +was a question, in a merely earthly point of view, whether the risk of +being apprehended at home was not a far less evil than the evils which +were certain upon leaving it. There was nothing, then, ungenerous in the +ecclesiastical rule that they alone should flee, in persecution, who were +marked out for death, if they stayed. The laity, private families, and the +priests, on whose ministrations they depended, remained; bishops, deacons, +and what may be called the staff of the episcopate, notaries, messengers, +seminarists, and ascetics, would disappear from the scene of persecution. + +Agellius learned from his slave that the cave had been known to him from +the time he was a boy, and that it was one of the secrets which all who +shared it religiously observed. Holy men, it seemed, had had intimations +of the present trial for several years past; and it was the full +persuasion of the heads of the Church, that, though it might blow over for +a short time, it would recur at intervals for many years, ending in a +visitation so heavy and long, that the times of Antichrist would seem to +have arrived. However, the impression upon their minds was, that then +would come a millennium, or, in some sort, a reign of the saints upon the +earth. That, however, was a date which even Agellius himself, young as he +was, would not be likely to reach; indeed, who could expect to escape, who +might not hope to gain, a Martyr’s death, in the interval, in the series +of assaults, between which Christianity had to run the gauntlet? Aspar +said, moreover, that some martyrs lay in the chapels within, and that +various confessors had ended their days there. At the present time there +were representatives, there collected, of a large portion of the Churches +of the Proconsulate. A post, so to call it, went between them and Carthage +every week, and his friend and father, the bishop of that city, was +especially busy in correspondence. + +Moreover, Agellius learned from him that they had many partisans, +well-wishers, and sympathizers, about the country, whom no one suspected; +the families of parents who had conformed to the established worship, nay, +sometimes the apostates themselves, and that this was the case in Sicca as +well as elsewhere. For himself, old and ignorant as he was, the +persecution had proved to him an education. He had been brought near great +men, and some who, he was confident, would be martyrs in the event. He had +learned a great deal about his religion which he did not know before, and +had drunk in the spirit of Christianity, with a fulness which he trusted +would not turn to his ultimate condemnation. He now too had a +consciousness of the size and populousness of the Church, of her +diffusion, of the promises made to her, of the essential necessity of what +seemed to be misfortune, of the episcopal regimen, and of the power and +solidity of the see of Peter afar off in Rome, all which knowledge had +made him quite another being. We have put all this into finer language +than the good old man used himself, and we have grouped it more exactly, +but this is what his words would come to, when explained. + +Coming down to sublunary matters, Aspar said the cave was well +provisioned; they had bread, oil, figs, dried grapes, and wine. They had +vessels and vestments for the Holy Sacrifice. Their serious want was a +dearth of water at that season, but they relied on Divine Providence to +give them by miracle, if in no other way, a supply. The place was +piercingly cold too in the winter. + +By this time they had gained the end of the long gallery, and passed +through a second apartment, when suddenly the sounds of the ecclesiastical +chant burst on the ear of Agellius. How strange, how transporting to him! +he was almost for the first time coming home to his father’s house, though +he had been a Christian from a child, and never, as he trusted, to leave +it, now that it was found. He did not know how to behave himself, nor +indeed where to go. Aspar conducted him into the seats set apart for the +faithful; he knelt down and burst into tears. + +It was approaching the third hour, the hour at which the Paraclete +originally descended upon the Apostles, and which, when times of +persecution were passed, was appointed in the West for the solemn mass of +the day. In that early age, indeed, the time of the solemnity was +generally midnight, in order to elude observation; but even then such an +hour was considered of but temporary arrangement. Pope Telesphorus is said +to have prescribed the hour, afterwards in use, as early even as the +second century; and in a place of such quiet and security as the cavern in +which we just now find ourselves, there was no reason why it should not be +selected. At the lower end of the chapel was a rail extending across it, +and open in the middle, where its two portions turned up at right angles +on each side towards the altar. The enclosure thus made was the place +proper for the faithful, into which Agellius had been introduced, and +about fifty persons were collected about him. Where the two side-rails +which ran up the chapel ceased, there was a broad step; and upon it two +pulpits, one on each side. Then came a second elevation, carrying the eye +on to the extremity of the upper end. + +In the middle of the wall at that upper end is a recess, occupied by a +tomb. On the front of it is written the name of some glorious champion of +the faith who lies there. It is one of the first bishops of Sicca, and the +inscription attests that he slept in the Lord under the Emperor Antoninus. +Over the sacred relics is a slab, and on the slab the Divine Mysteries are +now to be celebrated. At the back is a painting on the wall, very similar +to that in Agellius’s cottage. The ever-blessed immaculate Mother of God +is exercising her office as the Advocate of sinners, standing by the +sacrifice as she stood at the cross itself, and offering up and applying +its infinite merits and incommunicable virtue in union with priest and +people. So instinctive in the Christian mind is the principle of +decoration, as it may be called, that even in times of suffering, and +places of banishment, we see it brought into exercise. Not only is the +arch which overspans the altar ornamented with an arabesque pattern, but +the roof or vault is coloured with paintings. Our Lord is in the centre, +with two figures of Moses on each side, on the right unloosing his +sandals, on the left striking the rock. Between the centre figure and the +altar may be seen the raising of Lazarus; in the opposite partition the +healing of the paralytic; at the four angles are men and women alternately +in the attitude of prayer. + +At this time the altar-stone was covered with a rich crimson silk, with +figures of St. Peter and St. Paul worked in gold upon it, the gift of a +pious lady of Carthage. Beyond the altar, but not touching it, was a +cross; and on one side of the altar a sort of basin or _piscina_ cut in +the rock, with a linen cloth hanging up against it. There were no candles +upon the altar itself, but wax lights fixed into silver stands were placed +at intervals along the edge of the presbytery or elevation. + +The mass was in behalf of the confessors for the faith then in prison in +Carthage; and the sacred ministers, some half-hour after Agellius’s +entrance, made their appearance. Their vestments already varied somewhat +from the ordinary garments of the day, and bespoke antiquity; and, though +not so simply _sui generis_ as they are now, they were so far special, +that they were never used on any other occasion, but were reserved for the +sacred service. The neck was bare, the amice being as yet unknown; instead +of the stole was what was called the _orarium_, a sort of handkerchief +resting on the shoulders, and falling down on each side. The alb had been +the inner garment, or _camisium_, which in civil use was retained at night +when the other garments were thrown off; and, as at the present day, it +was confined round the waist by a zone or girdle. The maniple was a +napkin, supplying the place of a handkerchief; and the chasuble was an +ample _pænula_, such as was worn by the judges, a cloak enveloping the +whole person round, when spread out, with an opening in the centre, +through which the head might pass. The deacon’s dalmatic was much longer +than it is now, and the subdeacon’s tunicle resembled the alb. All the +vestments were of the purest white. + +The mass began by the bishop giving his blessing; and then the Lector, a +man of venerable age, taking the roll called _Lectionarium_, and +proceeding to a pulpit, read the Prophets to the people, much in the way +observed among ourselves still on holy Saturday and the vigil of +Pentecost. These being finished, the people chanted the first verse of the +_Gloria Patri_, after which the clergy alternated with the people the +_Kyrie_, pretty much as the custom is now. + +Here a fresh roll was brought to the Lector, then or afterwards called +_Apostolus_, from which he read one of the canonical epistles. A psalm +followed, which was sung by the people; and, after this, the Lector +received the _Evangeliarium_, and read a portion of the Gospel, at which +lights were lighted, and the people stood. When he had finished, the +Lector opened the roll wide, and, turning round, presented it to bishop, +clergy, and people to kiss. + +The deacon then cried out, “Ite in pace, catechumeni,” “Depart in peace, +catechumens;” and then the kiss of peace was passed round, and the people +began to sing some psalms or hymns. While they were so engaged, the deacon +received from the acolyte the _sindon_, or corporal, which was of the +length of the altar, and perhaps of greater breadth, and spread it upon +the sacred table. Next was placed on the _sindon_ the _oblata_, that is, +the small loaves, according to the number of communicants, with the paten, +which was large, and a gold chalice, duly prepared. And then the _sindon_, +or corporal, was turned back over them, to cover them as a pall. + +The celebrant then advanced: he stood at the further side of the altar, +where the candles are now, with his face to the people, and then began the +holy sacrifice. First he incensed the _oblata_, that is, the loaves and +chalice, as an acknowledgment of God’s sovereign dominion, and as a token +of uplifted prayer to Him. Then the roll of prayers was brought him, while +the deacon began what is sometimes called the bidding prayer, being a +catalogue of the various subjects for which intercession is to be made, +after the manner of the _Oremus dilectissimi_, now used on Good Friday. +This catalogue included all conditions of men, the conversion of the +world, the exaltation of Holy Church, the maintenance of the Roman empire, +the due ripening and gathering of the fruits of the earth, and other +spiritual and temporal blessings,—subjects very much the same as those +which are now called the Pope’s intentions. The prayers ended with a +special reference to those present, that they might persevere in the Lord +even to the end. And then the priest began the _Sursum corda_, and said +the _Sanctus_. + +The Canon or _Actio_ seems to have run, in all but a few words, as it does +now, and the solemn words of consecration were said secretly. Great stress +was laid on the Lord’s prayer, which in one sense terminated the function. +It was said aloud by the people, and when they said, “Forgive us our +trespasses,” they beat their breasts. + +It is not wonderful that Agellius, assisting for almost the first time at +this wonderful solemnity, should have noted everything as it occurred; and +we must be considered as giving our account of it from his mouth. + +It needs not to enlarge on the joy of the meeting which followed between +Cæcilius and his young penitent. “O my father,” he said, “I come to thee, +never to leave thee, to be thy dutiful servant, and to be trained by thee +after the pattern of Him who made thee what thou art. Wonderful things +have happened; Callista is in prison on the charge of Christianity; I was +in a sort of prison myself, or what was worse for my soul; and Juba, my +brother, in the strangest of ways, has this morning let me out. Shall she +not be saved, my father, in God’s own way, as well as I? At least we can +all pray for her; but surely we can do more—so precious a soul must not be +left to herself and the world. If she has the trials, she may claim the +blessings of a Christian. Is she to go back to heathenism? Is she, alas! +to suffer without baptism? Shall we not hazard death to bestow on her that +grace?” + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXI. + + + THE BAPTISM. + + +We have already had occasion to mention that there were many secret +well-wishers, or at least protectors, of Christians, as in the world at +large, so also in Sicca. There were many persons who had received benefits +from their charity, and had experience of the scandalous falsehood of the +charges now circulated against them. Others would feel a generosity +towards a cruelly persecuted body; others, utterly dead to the subject of +religion, or rather believing all religions to be impostures, would not +allow it to be assumed that only one was worthy of bad treatment. Others +liked what they heard of the religion itself, and thought there was truth +in it, though it had no claim to a monopoly of truth. Others felt it to be +true, but shrank from the consequences of openly embracing it. Others, who +had apostatised through fear of the executioner, intended to come back to +it at the last. It must be added that in the African Church confessors in +prison had, or were considered to have, the remarkable privilege of +gaining the public forgiveness of the Church for those who had lapsed; it +was an object, then, for all those who, being in that miserable case, +wished some day to be restored, to gain their promise of assistance, or +their good-will. To these reasons was added, in Callista’s case, the +interest which naturally attached to a woman, young and defenceless. + +The burning sun of Africa is at the height of its power. The population is +prostrated by heat, by scarcity, by pestilence, and by the decimation +which their riot brought upon them. They care neither for Christianity, +nor for anything else just now. They lie in the porticoes, in the caverns +under the city, in the baths. They are more alive at night. The +_apparitor_, in whose dwelling Callista was lodged, who was himself once a +Christian, lies in the shade of the great doorway, into which his rooms +open, asleep, or stupefied. Two men make their appearance about two hours +before sunset, and demand admittance to Callista. The jailor asks if they +are not the two Greeks, her brother and the rhetorician, who had visited +her before. The junior of the strangers drops a purse heavy with coin into +his lap, and passes on with his companion. When the mind is intent on +great subjects or aims, heat and cold, hunger and thirst, lose their power +of enfeebling it; thus perhaps we must account for the energy now +displayed both by the two ecclesiastics and by Callista herself. + +She too thought it was the unwelcome philosopher come again; she gave a +start and a cry of delight when she saw it was Cæcilius. “My father,” she +said, “I want to be a Christian, if I may; He came to save the lost sheep. +I have learnt such things from this book—let me give it you while I can. I +am not long for this world. Give me Him who spoke so kindly to that woman. +Take from me my load of sin, and then I will gladly go.” She knelt at his +feet, and gave the roll of parchment into his hand. + +“Rise and sit,” he answered. “Let us think calmly over the matter.” + +“I am ready,” she insisted. “Deny me not my wish, when time is so +urgent—if I may have it.” + +“Sit down calmly,” he said again; “I am not refusing you, but I wish to +know about you.” He could hardly keep from tears, of pain, or of joy, or +of both, when he saw the great change which trial had wrought in her. What +touched him most was the utter disappearance of that majesty of mien, +which once was hers, a gift, so beautiful, so unsuitable to fallen man. +There was instead of it a frank humility, a simplicity without +concealment, an unresisting meekness, which seemed as if it would enable +her, if trampled on, to smile and to kiss the feet that insulted her. She +had lost every vestige of what the world worships under the titles of +proper pride and self-respect. Callista was now living, not in the thought +of herself, but of Another. + +“God has been very good to you,” he continued; “but in the volume you have +returned to me He bids us ‘reckon the charges.’ Can you drink of His +chalice? Recollect what is before you.” + +She still continued kneeling, with a touching earnestness of face and +demeanour, and with her hands crossed upon her breast. + +“I _have_ reckoned,” she replied; “heaven and hell: I prefer heaven.” + +“You are on earth,” said Cæcilius; “not in heaven or hell. You must bear +the pangs of earth before you drink the blessedness of heaven.” + +“He has given me the firm purpose,” she said, “to gain heaven, to escape +hell; and He will give me too the power.” + +“Ah, Callista!” he answered, in a voice broken with distress, “you know +not what you will have to bear, if you join yourself to Him.” + +“He has done great things for me already; I am wonderfully changed; I am +not what I was. He will do more still.” + +“Alas, my child!” said Cæcilius, “that feeble frame, ah! how will it bear +the strong iron, or the keen flame, or the ruthless beast? My child, what +do _I_ feel, who am free, thus handing you over to be the sport of the +evil one?” + +“Father, I have chosen Him,” she answered, “not hastily, but on +deliberation. I believe Him most absolutely. Keep me not from Him; give +Him to me, if I may ask it; give me my Love.” + +Presently she added, “I have never forgotten those words of yours since +you used them; ‘Amor meus crucifixus est.’ ” + +She began again, “I will be a Christian; give me my place among them. Give +me my place at the feet of Jesus, Son of Mary, my God. I wish to love Him. +I think I can love Him. Make me His.” + +“He has loved you from eternity,” said Cæcilius, “and, therefore, you are +now beginning to love Him.” + +She covered her eyes with her hands, and remained in profound meditation. +“I am very ignorant—very sinful,” she said at length; “but one thing I +know, that there is but One to love in the whole world, and I wish to love +him. I surrender myself to Him, if He will take me; and He shall teach me +about Himself.” + +“The angry multitude, their fierce voices, the brutal executioner, the +prison, the torture, the slow, painful death.” He was speaking, not to +her, but to himself. She was calm, in spite of her fervour; but he could +not contain himself. His heart melted within him; he felt like Abraham, +lifting up his hand to slay his child. + +“Time passes,” she said; “what may happen? you may be discovered. But, +perhaps,” she added, suddenly changing her tone, “it is a matter of long +initiation. Woe is me!” + +“We must gird ourselves to the work, Victor,” he said to his deacon who +was with him. Cæcilius fell back and sat down, and Victor came forward. He +formally instructed her so far as the circumstances allowed. Not for +baptism only, but for confirmation, and Holy Eucharist; for Cæcilius +determined to give her all three sacraments at once. + +It was a sight for angels to look down upon, and they did; when the poor +child, rich in this world’s gifts, but poor in those of eternity, knelt +down to receive that sacred stream upon her brow, which fell upon her with +almost sensible sweetness, and suddenly produced a serenity different in +kind from anything she had ever before even had the power of conceiving. + +The bishop gave her confirmation, and then the Holy Eucharist. It was her +first and last communion; in a few days she renewed it, or rather +completed it, under the very Face and Form of Him whom she now believed +without seeing. + +“Farewell, my dearest of children,” said Cæcilius, “till the hour when we +both meet before the throne of God. A few sharp pangs which you can count +and measure, and all will be well. You will be carried through joyously, +and like a conqueror. I know it. You could face the prospect before you +were a Christian, and you will be equal to the actual trial, now that you +are.” + +“Never fear me, father,” she said in a clear, low voice. The bishop and +his deacon left the prison. + + + +The sun had all but set, when Cæcilius and Victor passed the city gate; +and it was more than twilight as they crossed the wild hills leading to +the precipitous pass. Evil men were not their only peril in this work of +charity. They were also in danger from wild beasts in these lone wastes, +and, the heathen would have added, from bad spirits. Bad spirits Cæcilius +recognised too; but he would not have granted that they were perilous. The +two went forward, saying prayers lowly, and singing psalms, when a sudden +cry was heard, and a strong tall form rushed past them. It might be some +robber of the wild, or dangerous outcast, or savage fanatic, who knew and +hated their religion; however, while they stopped and looked, he had come, +and he was gone. But he came again, more slowly; and from his remarkable +shape Cæcilius saw that it was the brother of Agellius. He said, “Juba;” +Juba started back, and stood at a distance. Cæcilius held out his hand, +and called him on, again mentioning his name. The poor fellow came nearer: +Cæcilius’s day’s work was not at an end. + +Since we last heard of him, Juba had dwelt in the mountainous tract over +which the two Christians were now passing; roaming to and fro, or beating +himself in idle fury against the adamantine rocks, and fighting with the +stern necessity of the elements. How he was sustained can hardly be +guessed, unless the impulse, which led him on the first accession of his +fearful malady, to fly upon the beasts of the desert, served him here +also. Roots too and fruits were scattered over the wild; and still more so +in the ravines, wherever any quantity of soil had been accumulated. Alas! +had the daylight lasted, in him too, as well as in Callista, Cæcilius +would have found changes, but of a very different nature; yet even in him +he would have seen a change for the better, for that old awful expression +of pride and defiance was gone. What was the use of parading a self-will, +which every moment of his life belied? His actions, his words, his hands, +his lips, his feet, his place of abode, his daily course, were in the +dominion of another, who inexorably ruled him. It was not the gentle +influence which draws and persuades; it was not the power which can be +propitiated by prayer; it was a tyranny which acted without reaction, +energetic as mind, and impenetrable as matter. + +“Juba,” said Cæcilius a third time. The maniac came nearer, and then again +suddenly retreated. He stood at a short distance from Cæcilius, as if +afraid to come on, and cried out, tossing his hands wildly, “Away, black +hypocrite, come not near me! Away! hound of a priest, cross not my path, +lest I tear you to shreds!” Such visitations were no novelties to +Cæcilius; he raised his hand and made the sign of the cross, then he said, +“Come.” Juba advanced, shrieked, and used some terrible words, and rushed +upon Cæcilius, as if he would treat him as he had treated the savage wolf. +“Come?” he cried, “yes, I come!” and Victor ran up, fearing his teeth +would be in Cæcilius’s throat, if he delayed longer. The latter stood his +ground, quailing neither in eye nor in limb; he made the sign of the cross +a second time; and in spite of a manifest antagonism within him, the +stricken youth, with horrid cries, came dancing after him. + +Thus they proceeded, with some signs of insurrection from time to time on +Juba’s part, but with a successful reduction of it as often on the part of +Cæcilius, till they got to the ascent by the olive-trees, where careful +walking was necessary. Then Cæcilius turned round, and beckoned him. He +came. He said, “Kneel down.” He knelt down. Cæcilius put his hand on his +head, saying to him, “Follow me close and without any disturbance.” The +three pursued their journey, and all arrived safe at the cavern. There +Cæcilius gave Juba in charge to Romanus, who had been intrusted with the +_energumens_ at Carthage. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXII. + + + THE IMPERIAL RESCRIPT. + + +Had the imperial edict been acted on by the magistrates of Sicca, without +a reference to Carthage, it is not easy to suppose that Callista would +have persevered in her refusal to commit the act of idolatry required of +her. But, to speak of second causes, the hesitation of her judges was her +salvation. Once baptised, there was no reason she should desire any +further delay of her conflict. Come it must, and come it did. While +Cæcilius was placing her beyond danger, the rescript of the Proconsul had +been received at the office of the Duumvirs. + +The absence of the Proconsul from Carthage had been the cause of the +delay; and then, some investigation was needed to understand the relation +of Callista’s seizure to the riot on the one hand, and to the strong act +of the military on the other, in quelling it. It was thought that +something or other might come to light to account for the anomalous and +unaccountable position which she had taken up. The imperial government +considered it had now a clear view of her case, and its orders were +distinct and peremptory. Christianity was to cease to be. It was a subtle +foe, sapping the vitals of the state. Rome must perish, or this illegal +association. Such evasions as Callista had used were but instances of its +craft. Its treason lay, not in its being Christianity, but in its not +sacrificing to the gods of Rome. Callista was but throwing dust in their +eyes. There had been no blow struck against the treason in inland Africa. +Women had often been the most dangerous of conspirators. As she was a +stranger, there was more probability of her connection with secret +societies, and also less inconvenience in her execution. Whatever +happened, she was to be got rid of; but first her resolution was to be +broken, for the sake of the example. First, let her be brought before the +tribunal and threatened: then thrust into the Tullianum; then put upon the +rack, and returned to prison; then scorched over a slow fire; last of all, +beheaded, and left for beasts of prey. She would sacrifice ere the last +stage was reached. When she had given way, let her be given up to the +gladiators. The message ended by saying that the Proconsular Procurator, +who came by the same carriages, would preside at the process. + +O wisdom of the world! and strength of the world! what are you when +matched beside the foolishness and the weakness of the Christian? You are +great in resources, manifold in methods, hopeful in prospects; but one +thing you have not,—and that is peace. You are always tumultuous, +restless, apprehensive. You have nothing you can rely upon. You have no +rock under your feet. But the humblest, feeblest Christian has that which +is impossible to you. Callista had once felt the misery of maladies akin +to yours. She had passed through doubt, anxiety, perplexity, despondency, +passion; but now she was in peace. Now she feared the torture or the flame +as little as the breeze which arose at nightfall, or the busy chatter of +the grasshoppers at the noonday. Nay, rather, she did not think of torture +and death at all, but was possessed by a peace which bore her up, as if +bodily, on its mighty wings. For hours she remained on her knees, after +Cæcilius left her: then she lay down on her rushes and slept her last +sleep. + +She slept sound; she dreamed. She thought she was no longer in Africa, but +in her own Greece, more sunny and bright than before; but the inhabitants +were gone. Its majestic mountains, its rich plains, its expanse of waters, +all silent: no one to converse with, no one to sympathize with. And, as +she wandered on and wondered, suddenly its face changed, and its colours +were illuminated tenfold by a heavenly glory, and each hue upon the scene +was of a beauty she had never known, and seemed strangely to affect all +her senses at once, being fragrance and music, as well as light. And there +came out of the grottoes and glens and woods, and out of the seas, myriads +of bright images, whose forms she could not discern; and these came all +around her, and became a sort of scene or landscape, which she could not +have described in words, as if it were a world of spirits, not of matter. +And as she gazed, she thought she saw before her a well-known face, only +glorified. She, who had been a slave, now was arrayed more brilliantly +than an oriental queen; and she looked at Callista with a smile so sweet, +that Callista felt she could but dance to it. + +And as she looked more earnestly, doubting whether she should begin or +not, the face changed, and now was more marvellous still. It had an +innocence in its look, and also a tenderness, which bespoke both Maid and +Mother, and so transported Callista, that she must needs advance towards +her, out of love and reverence. And the lady seemed to make signs of +encouragement: so she began a solemn measure, unlike all dances of earth, +with hands and feet, serenely moving on towards what she heard some of +them call a great action and a glorious consummation, though she did not +know what they meant. At length she was fain to sing as well as dance; and +her words were, “In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the +Holy Ghost;” on which another said, “A good beginning of the sacrifice.” +And when she had come close to this gracious figure, there was a fresh +change. The face, the features were the same; but the light of Divinity +now seemed to beam through them, and the hair parted, and hung down long +on each side of the forehead; and there was a crown of another fashion +than the Lady’s round about it, made of what looked like thorns. And the +palms of the hands were spread out as if towards her, and there were marks +of wounds in them. And the vestment had fallen, and there was a deep +opening in the side. And as she stood entranced before Him, and +motionless, she felt a consciousness that her own palms were pierced like +His, and her feet also. And she looked round, and saw the likeness of His +face and of His wounds upon all that company. And now they were suddenly +moving on, and bearing something or some one, heavenwards; and they too +began to sing, and their words seemed to be, “Rejoice with Me, for I have +found My sheep,” ever repeated. They went up through an avenue or long +grotto, with torches of diamonds, and amethysts, and sapphires, which lit +up its spars and made them sparkle. And she tried to look, but could not +discover what they were carrying, till she heard a very piercing cry, +which awoke her. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXIII. + + + A GOOD CONFESSION. + + +The cry came from the keeper’s wife, whom we have described as kindly +disposed to her. She was a Lybo-Phœnician, and spoke a broken Latin; but +the language of sympathy is universal, in spite of Babel. “Callista,” she +exclaimed; “girl, they have sent for you; you are to die. O frightful! +worse than a runaway slave,—the torture! Give in. What’s the harm? you are +so young: those terrible men with the pincers and hot bars!” + +Callista sat up, and passed from her vision to her prison. She smiled and +said, “I am ready; I am going home.” The woman looked almost frightened, +and with some shade of disgust and disappointment. She, as others, might +have thought it impossible, as it was unaccountable, that when it came to +the point Callista would hold out. “She’s crazed,” she said. “I am ready, +mother,” Callista said, and she got up. “You have been very good to me,” +she continued; “I have been saying many prayers for you, while my prayers +were of no good, for then He was not mine. But now I have espoused Him, +and am going to be married to-day, and He will hear me.” The woman stared +at her stupidly, as much as to make it evident that if afterwards a change +took place in her, as in Callista, that change too, though in so different +a soul, must come of something beyond nature. She had something in her +hand, and said, “It’s useless to give a mad woman like her the packet, +which my man has brought me.” + +Callista took the packet, which was directed to her, and broke the seal. +It was from her brother. The little roll of worn parchment opened; a +dagger fell out. Some lines were written on the parchment; they were dated +Carthage, and ran as follows:— + +“Aristo to his dearest Callista. I write through Cornelius. You have not +had it in your power to kill me, but you have taken away half my life. For +me, I will cherish the other half, for I love life better than death. But +you love annihilation; yet, if so, die not like a slave. Die nobly, +mindful of your country; I send you the means.” + +Callista was beyond reflecting on anything around her, except as in a sort +of dream. As common men think and speak of heaven, so she now thought and +spoke of earth. “I wish _Him_ to kill me, not myself,” she said. “I am His +victim. My brother! I have no brother, except One, who is calling me.” + +She was carried to court, and the examination followed. We have already +given a specimen of such a process; here it will be sufficient to make use +of two documents, different in kind, as far as they go, which have come +down to us. The first is an alto-relief, which once was coloured, not +first-rate in art or execution, and of the date of the Emperor +Constantius, about a century later. It was lately discovered in the course +of excavations made at El Kaf, the modern Sicca, on the ruins of a church +or Roman basilica, for the building in question seems to have served each +purpose successively. In this sculpture the prætorium is represented, and +the tribunal of the president in it. The tribunal is a high throne, with +wings curving round on each side, making the whole construction extend to +almost a semicircle, and it is ascended by steps between the wings. The +curule chair is at the top of the steps; and in the middle and above it +are purple curtains, reaching down to the platform, drawn back on each +side, and when drawn close together running behind the chair, and +constituting what was called the _secretarium_. On one side of the +tribunal is a table covered with carpeting, and looking something like a +modern ottoman, only higher, and not level at top; and it has upon it the +Book of Mandates, the sign of jurisdiction. The sword too is represented +in the sculpture, to show a criminal case is proceeding. The procurator is +seated on the chair; he is in purple, and has a gold chain of triple +thread. We can also distinguish his lawyers, whether assessors or +_consiliarii_; also his lictors and soldiers. There, too, are the notaries +in a line below him; they are writing down the judge’s questions and the +prisoner’s answers: and one of them is turning round to her, as if to make +her speak more loudly. She herself is mounted upon a sort of platform, +called _catasta_, like that on which slaves were put up for sale. Two +soldiers are by her, who appear to have been dragging her forwards. The +executioners are also delineated, naked to the waist, with instruments of +torture in their hands. + + + +The second document is a fragment of the _Acta Proconsularia_ of her +Passion. If, indeed, it could be trusted to the letter, as containing +Callista’s answers word for word, it would have a distinctly sacred +character, in consequence of our Lord’s words, “It shall be given you in +that hour what to speak.” However, we attach no such special value to this +document, since it comes to us through heathen notaries, who may not have +been accurate reporters; not to say that before we did so we ought to look +very carefully into its genuineness. As it is, we believe it to be as true +as any part of our narrative, and not truer. It runs as follows:— + + + +“Cneius Messius Decius Augustus II., and Gratus, Consuls, on the seventh +before the Calends of August, in Sicca Veneria, a colony, in the Secretary +at the Tribunal, Martianus, procurator, sitting; Callista, a maker of +images, was brought up by the Commentariensis on a charge of Christianity, +and when she was placed, + +“MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: This folly has been too long; you have +made images, and now you will not worship them. + +“CALLISTA answered: For I have found my true Love, whom before I knew not. + +“MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: Your true love is, I ween, your last +love; for all were true in their time. + +“CALLISTA said: I worship my true Love, who is the Only True; and He is +the Son of God, and I know none but Him. + +“MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: You will not worship the gods, but you +are willing to love their sons. + +“CALLISTA said: He is the true Son of the True God; and I am His, and He +is mine. + +“MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: Let alone your loves, and swear by the +genius of the emperor. + +“CALLISTA said: I have but one Lord, the King of kings, the Ruler of all. + +“MARTIANUS, the procurator, turned to the lictor and said: This folly is +madness; take her hand, put incense in it, and hold it over the flame. + +“CALLISTA said: You may compel me by your great strength, but my own true +Lord and Love is stronger. + +“MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: You are bewitched; but we must undo the +spell. Take her to the Lignum (the prison for criminals). + +“CALLISTA said: He has been there before me, and He will come to me there. + +“MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: The jailer will see to that. Let her be +brought up to-morrow. + +“On the day following, Martianus, the procurator, sitting at the tribunal, +called up Callista. He said: Honour our lord, and sacrifice to the gods. + +“CALLISTA said: Let me alone; I am content with my One and only Lord. + +“MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: What? did he come to you in prison, as +you hoped? + +“CALLISTA said: He came to me amid much pain; and the pain was pleasant, +for He came in it. + +“MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: You have got worn and yellow, and he +will leave you. + +“CALLISTA said: He loves me the more, for I am beautiful when I am black. + +“MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: Throw her into the Tullianum; perhaps +she will find her god there also. + +“Then the procurator entered into the Secretary, and drew the veil; and +dictated the sentence for the tabella. Then he came out, and the præco +read it:—Callista, a senseless and reprobate woman, is hereby sentenced to +be thrown into the Tullianum; then to be stretched on the equuleus; then +to be placed on a slow fire; lastly, to be beheaded, and left to the dogs +and birds. + +“CALLISTA said: Thanks to my Lord and King.” + + + +Here the Acta end: and though they seem to want their conclusion, yet they +supply nearly every thing which is necessary for our purpose. The one +subject on which a comment is needed, is the state prison, which, though +so little is said of it in the above Report, is in fact the real _medium_, +as we may call it, for appreciating its information; a few words will +suffice for our purpose. + +The state prison, then, was arranged on pretty much one and the same plan +through the Roman empire, nay, we may say, throughout the ancient world. +It was commonly attached to the government buildings, and consisted of two +parts. The first was the vestibule, or outward prison, which was a hall, +approached from the prætorium, and surrounded by cells, opening into it. +The prisoners, who were confined in these cells, had the benefit of the +air and light, which the hall admitted. Such was the place of confinement +allotted to St. Paul at Cæsarea, which is said to be the “prætorium of +Herod.” And hence, perhaps, it is that, in the touching Passion of St. +Perpetua and St. Felicitas, St. Perpetua tells us that, when permitted to +have her child, though she was in the inner portion, which will next be +described, “suddenly the prison seemed to her like the prætorium.” + +From this vestibule there was a passage into the interior prison, called +Robur or Lignum, from the beams of wood, which were the instruments of +confinement, or from the character of its floor. It had no window or +outlet, except this door, which, when closed, absolutely shut out light +and air. Air, indeed, and coolness might be obtained for it by the +_barathrum_, presently to be spoken of, but of what nature we shall then +see. The apartment, called Lignum, was the place into which St. Paul and +St. Silas were cast at Philippi, before it was known that they were +Romans. After scourging them severely, the magistrates, who nevertheless +were but the local authorities, and had no proper jurisdiction in criminal +cases, “put them in prison, bidding the jailer to keep them carefully; +who, on receiving such a command, put them in the inner prison, and +fastened them in the lignum.” And in the Acts of the Scillitane Martyrs we +read of the Proconsul giving sentence, “Let them be thrown into prison, +let them be put into the Lignum, till to-morrow.” + +The utter darkness, the heat, and the stench of this miserable place, in +which the inmates were confined day and night, is often dwelt upon by the +martyrs and their biographers. “After a few days,” says St. Perpetua, “we +were taken to the prison, and I was frightened, for I never had known such +darkness. O bitter day! the heat was excessive by reason of the crowd +there.” In the Acts of St. Pionius, and others of Smyrna, we read that the +jailers “shut them up in the inner part of the prison, so that, bereaved +of all comfort and light, they were forced to sustain extreme torment, +from the darkness and stench of the prison.” And, in like manner, other +martyrs of Africa, about the time of St. Cyprian’s martyrdom, that is, +eight or ten years later than the date of this story, say, “We were not +frightened at the foul darkness of that place; for soon that murky prison +was radiant with the brightness of the Spirit. What days, what nights we +passed there no words can describe. The torments of that prison no +statement can equal.” + +Yet there was a place of confinement even worse than this. In the floor of +this inner prison was a sort of trap-door, or hole, opening into the +_barathrum_, or pit, and called, from the original prison at Rome, the +Tullianum. Sometimes prisoners were confined here, sometimes despatched by +being cast headlong into it through the opening. It was into this pit at +Rome that St. Chrysanthus was cast; and there, and probably in other +cities, it was nothing short of the public cesspool. + +It may be noticed that the Prophet Jeremiah seems to have had personal +acquaintance with Vestibule, Robur, and Barathrum. We read in one place of +his being shut up in the “atrium,” that is, the vestibule, “of the prison, +which was in the house of the king.” At another time he is in the +“ergastulum,” which would seem to be the inner prison. Lastly his enemies +let him down by ropes into the lacus or pit, in which “there was no water, +but mud.” + +As to Callista, then, after the first day’s examination, she was thrown +for nearly twenty-four hours into the stifling Robur, or inner prison. +After the sentence, on the second day, she was let down, as the +commencement of her punishment, that is, of her martyrdom, into the +loathsome Barathrum, lacus, or pit, called Tullianum, there to lie for +another twenty hours before she was brought out to the equuleus or rack. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXIV. + + + THE MARTYRDOM. + + +Callista had sighed for the bright and clear atmosphere of Greece, and she +was thrown into the Robur and plunged into the Barathrum of Sicca. But in +reality, though she called it Greece, she was panting after a better +country and a more lasting home, and this country and home she had found. +She was now setting out for it. + +It was, indeed, no slight marvel that she was not already there. She had +been lowered into that pit of death before noon on the day of her second +examination, and, excepting some unwholesome bread and water, according to +the custom of the prison, had had no food since she came into the custody +of the _commentariensis_ the day before. The order came from the +magistrates to bring her out earlier in the morning than was intended, or +the prison might have really effected that death which Calphurnius had +purposed to pretend. When the apparitors attempted to raise her, she +neither spoke or moved, nor could well be seen. “Black as Orcus,” said one +of the fellows, “another torch there! I can’t see where she nestles.” +“There she is, like a bundle of clothes,” said another. “Madam gets up +late this morning,” said a third. “She’s used to softer couches,” said a +fourth. “Ha! ha! ’tis a spoiler of beauty, this hole,” said a fifth. “She +is the demon of stubbornness, and must be crushed,” said the jailer; “she +likes it, or she would not choose it.” “The plague take the witch,” said +another; “we shall have better seasons when a few like her are ferreted +out.” + +They got her out like a corpse, and put her on the ground outside the +prison. When she still did not move, two of them took her between them on +their shoulders and arms, and began to move forward, the instrument of +torture preceding her. The fresh air of the morning revived her; she soon +sat up. She seemed to drink in life again, and became conscious. “O +beautiful Light!” she whispered, “O lovely Light, my light and my life! O +my Light and my Life, receive me!” Gradually she became fully alive to all +that was going on. She was going to death, and that rather than deny Him +who had bought her by His own death. He had suffered for her, and she was +to suffer for Him. He had been racked on the Cross, she too was to have +her limbs dislocated after His pattern. She scarcely rested on the men’s +shoulders; and they vowed afterwards that they thought she was going to +fly away, vile witch as she was. + +“The witch, the witch,” the mob screamed out, for she had now come to the +place of her conflict. “_We’ll_ pay you off for blight and pestilence! +Where’s our bread, where’s the maize and barley, where are the grapes?” +And they uttered fierce yells of execration, and seemed disposed to break +through the line of apparitors, and to tear her to pieces. Yet, after all, +it was not a very hearty uproar, but got up for the occasion. The populace +had spent their force, not to say their lives, in the riot in which she +was apprehended. The priests and priestesses of the temples had sent the +poor wretches and paid them. + +The place of execution was on the north-east of the city, outside the +walls, and towards the mountain. It was where slaves were buried, and it +was as hideous as such spots usually were. The neighbourhood was wild, +open to the beasts of prey, who at night used to descend and feast upon +the corpses. As Callista approached to the scene of her suffering, the +expression of her countenance had so altered that a friend would scarce +have known it. There was a tenderness in it and a modesty which never had +been there in that old time. Her cheek had upon it a blush, as when the +rising sun suddenly touches some grey rock or tower yet it was white and +glistening too, so much so that others might have said it was like silver. +Her eyes were larger than they had been, and gazed steadfastly, as if at +what the multitude did not see. Her lips spoke of sweet peace and deep +composure. When at length she came close upon the rabble, who had been +screaming and yelling so fiercely, men, women, and boys suddenly held +their peace. It was first from curiosity, then from amazement, then from +awe. At length a fear smote through them, and a strange pity and +reverence. They almost seemed inclined to worship what stirred them so +much, they knew not how; a new idea had visited those poor ignorant souls. + +A few minutes sufficed to put the rack into working order. She was laid +down upon its board in her poor bedimmed tunic, which once flashed so +bright in the sun,—she who had been ever so delicate in her apparel. Her +wrists and ankles were seized, extended, fastened to the moveable blocks +at the extremities of the plank. She spoke her last word, “For Thee, my +Lord and Love, for Thee!... Accept me, O my Love, upon this bed of pain! +And come to me, O my Love, make haste and come!” The men turned round the +wheels rapidly to and fro; the joints were drawn out of their sockets, and +then snapped in again. She had fainted. They waited for her coming-to; +they still waited; they got impatient. + +“Dash some water on her,” said one. “Spit in her face, and it will do,” +said a second. “Prick her with your spike,” said a third. “Hold your wild +talk,” said a fourth; “she’s gone to the shades.” They gathered round, and +looked at her attentively. They could not bring her back. So it was: she +had gone to her Lord and her Love. + +“Lay her out for the wolves and vultures,” said the _cornicularius_, and +he was going to appoint guards till nightfall, when up came the +_stationarii_ and Calphurnius in high wrath. + +“You dogs!” he cried, “what trick have you been practising against the +soldiers of Rome?” However, expostulation and reproach were bootless; nor +would it answer here to go into the quarrel which ensued over the dead +body. The magistrates, having got scent of Calphurnius’s scheme, had +outwitted the tribune by assigning an earlier hour than was usual for the +execution. Life could not be recalled; nor did the soldiers of course dare +publicly to disobey the Proconsul’s order for the exposure of the corpse. +All that could be done, they did. They took her down with rude reverence +from the rack, and placed her on the sand; and then they set guards to +keep off the rabble, and to avail themselves of any opportunity which +might occur to show consideration towards her. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXV. + + + THE CORPO SANTO. + + +The sun of Africa has passed over the heavens, but has not dared with one +of his fierce rays to profane the sacred relics which lie out before him. +The mists of evening rise up, and the heavy dews fall, but they neither +bring the poison of decay to that gracious body, nor receive it thence. +The beasts of the wild are roaming and roaring at a distance, or nigh at +hand: not any one of them presumes to touch her. No vultures may promise +themselves a morning meal from such a victim, as they watch through the +night upon the high crags which overlook her. The stars have come out on +high, and, they too look down upon Callista, as if they were funeral +lights in her honour. Next the moon rises up to see what has been going +on, and edges the black hangings of the night with silver. Yet mourning +and dirge are but of formal observance, when a brave champion has died for +her God. The world of ghosts has as little power over such an one as the +world of nature. No evil spirit has aught to say to her, who has gone in +her baptismal white before the Throne. No penal fire shall be her robe, +who has been carried in her bright _flammeum_ to the Bridal Chamber of the +Lamb. A divine odour fills the air, issuing from that senseless, +motionless, broken frame. A circle of light gleams round her brow, and, +even when the daylight comes again, it there is faintly seen. Her features +have reassumed their former majesty, but with an expression of childlike +innocence and heavenly peace. The thongs have drawn blood at the wrists +and ankles, which has run and soaked into the sand; but angels received +the body from the soldiers when they took it off the rack, and it lies, +sweetly and modestly composed, upon the ground. + +Passers-by stand still and gaze; idlers gather round. The report spreads +in Sicca that neither sun by day, nor moon by night, nor moist atmosphere, +nor beast of prey, has power over the wonderful corpse. Nay, that they +cannot come near it without falling under some strange influence, which +makes them calm and grave, expels bad passions, and allays commotion of +mind. Many come again and again, for the mysterious and soothing effect +she exerts upon them. They cannot talk freely about it to each other, and +are seized with a sacred fear when they attempt to do so. Those who have +merely heard their report without seeing her, say that these men have been +in a grove of the Eumenides, or have suddenly encountered the wolf. The +popular sensation continues and extends; some say it is magical, others +that it is from the great gods. Day sinks again into evening, evening +becomes night; the night wears out, and morning is coming again. + +It begins to dawn: a glimmer is faintly spread abroad, and, mixing with +the dark, makes twilight, which gradually brightens, and the outlines of +nature rise dimly out of the night. Gradually the sacred body comes to +sight; and, as the light grows stronger around it, gradually too the forms +of five men emerge, who had not been there the night before. One is in +front; the rest behind with a sort of bier or litter. They stand on the +mountain side of her, and must have come from the country. It has been a +bold enterprise theirs, to expose themselves to the nightly beasts, and +now again to the rabble and the soldiers. The soldiers are at some little +distance, silent and watchful; such of the rabble as have passed the night +there have had some superstitious object in their stay. They have thought +to get portions of the flesh for magical purposes; a finger, or a tooth, +or some hair, or a portion of her tunic, or the blood-stained rope which +was twisted round her wrist and ankle. + +As the light makes her at length quite visible to the youth on the other +side, who stands by himself with clasped hands and tearful eyes, he +shrinks from the sight. He turns round to his companions who are provided +with a large winding-sheet or pall, and with the help of one of them, to +the surprise of the populace, he spreads it all over the body. And having +done this, he stands again trembling, just for a few seconds, absorbed in +his meditations, praying and weeping, and nerving himself for what is to +follow. Ah, poor Agellius! you have not risen yet to the pitch of triumph; +and other thoughts must be let to range through your breast, other +emotions must spend themselves, before you are prepared simply to rejoice, +exult, and glory in the lifeless form which lies before you. You are upon +a brave work, but your heart is torn while you set hand to it, and you +linger before you begin. + +It was in the pride of her earthly beauty and the full vigour and +elevation of her mind, that he last had seen her. It seemed an age since +that morning, as if a chasm ran between the now and the then, when she so +fascinated him with her presence, and so majestically rebuked him for +bowing to that fascination. Yet on his memory every incident of that +interview was fixed, and was indelible. O why should the great Creator +shatter one of His most admirable works! If the order of the sun and stars +is adorable, if the laws by which earth and sea are kept together mark the +Hand of supreme Wisdom and Power, how much nobler perfection of beauty is +manifested in man! And of human nature itself here was the supereminent +crown, a soul full of gifts, full of greatness, full of intellect, placed +in an outward form, equally surpassing in its kind, and still more +surpassingly excellent from its intimate union and subordination to the +soul, so as almost to be its simple expression; yet this choicest, rarest +specimen of Almighty skill, the Almighty had pitilessly shattered, in +order that it might inherit a higher, an eternal perfection. O mystery of +mysteries, that heaven should not be possibly obtained without such +grinding down and breaking up of our original nature! O mysterious, that +principle in us, whatever it is, and however it came there, which is so +antagonistic to God, which has so spoilt what seems so good, that all must +be undone, and must begin anew! “An enemy hath done this;” and, knowing as +much as this, and no more, we must leave the awful mystery to that day +when all things shall be made light. + +Agellius has not been idle while these thoughts pass through his mind. He +has stooped down and scooped up such portions of the sand as are moistened +with her blood, and has committed them to a small bag which he has taken +out of his bosom. Then without delay, looking round to his attendants, and +signing to them, with two of the party he resolutely crossed over to the +other side of the corpse, covering it from attack, while his two +assistants who were left proceeded quickly to lay hold of it. They had +raised it, laid it on the bier, and were setting off by an unusual track +across the waste, while Agellius, Aspar, and the third were grappling with +some ruffians who had rushed upon them. Few, however, were there as yet to +take part against them, but their cries of alarm were bringing others up, +and the Christians were in growing danger of being worsted and carried +off, when suddenly the soldiers interfered. Under pretence of keeping the +peace, they laid about them with their heavy maces; and so it was, the +blows took effect on the heads and shoulders of the rabble, with but +slight injury to Agellius and his companions. The latter took instant +advantage of the diversion, and vanished out of view by the same +misleading track which their comrades had already chosen. If they, or the +party who had preceded them, came within the range of sight of any +goatherds upon the mountains, we must suppose that angels held those +heathen eyes that they should not recognise them. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXVI. + + + LUX PERPETUA SANCTIS TUIS, DOMINE. + + +The bier and its bearers, and its protectors, have reached the cave in +safety, and pace down the gallery, preceded by its Christian hosts, with +lighted tapers, singing psalms. They place the sacred body before the +altar, and the mass begins. St. Cyprian celebrates, and after the Gospel, +he adds a few words of his own. + +He said that they were engaged in praising, blessing, and exalting the +adorable Grace of God, which had snatched so marvellously a brand out of +the furnace. Benedicamus Patrem et Filium cum Sancto Spiritu. Benedictus, +et laudabilis, et gloriosus, et superexaltatus in sæcula. Every day doing +marvels and exceeding all that seemed possible in power and love, by new +and still newer manifestations. A Greek had come to Africa to embellish +the shrines of heathenism, to minister to the usurpation of the evil one, +and to strengthen the old ties which connected genius with sin; and she +had suddenly found salvation. But yesterday a poor child of earth, and +to-day an inhabitant of the heavens. But yesterday without God and without +hope; and to-day a martyr with a green palm and golden vestment, +worshipping before the Throne. But yesterday the slave of Satan, and +spending herself on the vanities of time; and to-day drinking of the +never-cloying torrents of bliss everlasting. But yesterday one of a +number, a grain of a vast heap, destined indiscriminately for the flame; +to-day one of the elect souls, written from eternity in the book of life, +and predestined to glory. But yesterday, hungry and thirsty, and restless +for some object worthy an immortal spirit; to-day enjoying the ineffable +ecstasy of the Marriage Feast and the espousals of Emmanuel. But yesterday +tossed about on a sea of opinion; and to-day entranced in the vision of +infallible truth and immutable sanctity. And yet what was she but only one +instance out of ten thousand, of the Almighty and All-manifold Grace of +the Redeemer? And who was there of all of them, there assembled, from the +most heroic down to the humblest beginner, from the authoritative preacher +down to the slave or peasant, but was equally, though in his own way, a +miracle of mercy, and a vessel, once of wrath, if now of glory? Only might +he and all who heard him persevere as they had begun, so that if (as was +so probable) their trial was to be like hers, its issue might be like hers +also. + +St. Cyprian ceased; and, while the deacon opened the _sindon_ for the +offertory, the faithful took up alternately the verses of a hymn, which we +here insert in a most unworthy translation:— + + “The number of Thine own complete, + Sum up and make an end; + Sift clean the chaff, and house the wheat,— + And then, O Lord, descend. + + “Descend, and solve by that descent, + This mystery of life; + Where good and ill, together blent, + Wage an undying strife. + + “For rivers twain are gushing still, + And pour a mingled flood; + Good in the very depths of ill— + Ill in the heart of good. + + “The last are first, the first are last, + As angel eyes behold; + These from the sheepcote sternly cast, + Those welcomed to the fold. + + “No Christian home, no pastor’s eye, + No preacher’s vocal zeal, + Moved Thy dear martyr to defy + The prison and the wheel. + + “Forth from the heathen ranks she stepped + The forfeit throne to claim + Of Christian souls who had not kept + Their birthright and their name. + + “Grace formed her out of sinful dust; + She knelt a soul defiled; + She rose in all the faith and trust + And sweetness of a child. + + “And in the freshness of that love + She preached by word and deed, + The mysteries of the world above— + Her new-found glorious creed. + + “And running, in a little hour, + Of life the course complete, + She reached the throne of endless power, + And sits at Jesus’ feet. + + “Her spirit there, her body here, + Make one the earth and sky; + We use her name, we touch her bier, + We know her God is nigh.” + +The last sentiment of the yet unfinished hymn was receiving an answer +while they sang it. Juba had been brought into the chapel in the hands of +his brother and the exorcists. Since he had been under their care, he had +been, on the whole, calm and manageable, with intervals of wild tempest +and mad terror. He spoke, at times, of an awful incubus weighing on his +chest, which he could not throw off, and said he hoped that they would not +think all the blasphemies he uttered were his own. On this occasion, he +struggled most violently, and shook with distress; and, as they brought +him towards the sacred relics, a thick, cold dew stood upon his brow, and +his features shrank and collapsed. He held back, and exerted himself with +all his might to escape, foaming at the mouth, and from time to time +uttering loud shrieks and horrible words, which disturbed, though they +could not interrupt, the hymn. His bearers persevered; they brought him +close to Callista, and made him touch her feet with his hands. Immediately +he screamed fearfully, and was sent up into the air with such force that +he seemed discharged from some engine of war: then he fell back upon the +earth apparently lifeless. + +The long prayer was ended; the _Sursum corda_ was uttered. Juba raised +himself from the ground. When the words of consecration had been said, he +adored with the faithful. After the mass, his attendants came to him; he +was quite changed; he was quiet, harmless, and silent: the evil spirit had +gone out; but he was an idiot. + +This wonderful deliverance was but the beginning of the miracles which +followed the martyrdom of St. Callista. It may be said to have been the +resurrection of the Church at Sicca. In not many months Decius was killed, +and the persecution ceased there. Castus was appointed bishop, and numbers +began to pour into the fold. The lapsed asked for peace, or at least such +blessings as they could have. Heathens sought to be received. When asked +for their reason, they could only say that Callista’s history and death +had affected them with constraining force, and that they could not help +following her steps. Increasing in boldness, as well as numbers, the +Christians cowed both magistrates and mob. The spirit of the populace had +been already broken; and the continual change of masters, and measures +with them, in the imperial government, inflicted a chronic timidity on the +magistracy. A handsome church was soon built, to which Callista’s body was +brought, and which remained till the time of the Diocletian persecution. + +Juba attached himself to this church; and, though he could not be taught +even to sweep the sacred pavement, still he never was troublesome or +mischievous. He continued in this state for about ten years. At the end of +that time, one morning, after mass, which he always attended in the church +porch, he suddenly went to the bishop, and asked for baptism. He said that +Callista had appeared to him, and had restored to him his mind. On +conversing with him, the holy Castus found that his recovery was beyond +all doubt: and not knowing how long his lucid state would last, he had no +hesitation, with such instruction as the time admitted, in administering +the sacred rite, as Juba wished. After receiving it, he proceeded to the +tomb, within which lay St. Callista, and remained on his knees before his +benefactress till nightfall. Not even then was he disposed to rise; and so +he was left there for the night. Next morning he was found still in the +attitude of prayer, but lifeless. He had been taken away in his baptismal +robe. + +As to Agellius, if he be the bishop of that name who suffered at Sicca in +his old age, in the persecution of Diocletian, we are possessed in this +circumstance of a most interesting fact to terminate his history withal. +What makes this more likely is, that this bishop is recorded to have +removed the body of St. Callista from its original position, and placed it +under the high altar, at which he said mass daily. After his own +martyrdom, St. Agellius was placed under the high altar also. + + + THE END. + + + THE ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS LIMITED + + + + + + + FOOTNOTES + + +_ 1 Vide_ Oxford transl. of St. Cyprian. + + 2 Here is an anachronism, as regards Arnobius and Lactantius of some + twenty or thirty years. + + 3 Bacon. + + + + + + TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE + + +The author’s footnotes have been moved to the end of the volume. + +The following typographical errors were corrected: + + page 10, single quote changed to double quote after “pilum,” + page 34, “off?” changed to “off!” + page 42, “tomatos” changed to “tomatoes” + page 69, comma removed after “spirit” + page 135, “lees” changed to “less” + page 137, “do!” changed to “do?” + page 157, single quote changed to double quote after “stronger,” + page 181, “aud” changed to “and” + page 201, period changed to question mark after “Carthage” + page 207, “throughont” changed to “throughout” + page 228, “Saturu” changed to “Saturn” + page 230, period added after “best” + page 232, period added after “again” + page 239, “ou” changed to “on” + page 240, “be” changed to “he” + page 248, “you” changed to “your” + page 255, “to” changed to “too” + page 256, “n” changed to “in” + page 263, period changed to comma after “said” + page 278, period changed to question mark after “it” + page 300, period added after “gods” + page 303, single quote added after “do?” + page 310, quote removed before “If”, added before “it” + page 313, comma changed to period after “was” + page 333, “corrider” changed to “corridor” + page 347, comma changed to period after “initiation” + page 348, period added after “voice” + page 379, “Jesu’s” changed to “Jesus’” + +Variations in spelling (like “jailer” and “jailor”, “Asper” and “Aspar”, +“Phenician” and “Phœnician”, “Thibursicumber” and “Thibursicumbur”) and +hyphenation (e.g. “farm-house” and “farmhouse”, “goodwill” and +“good-will”) were not changed. + + + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Callista by John Henry Cardinal Newman + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALLISTA *** + +***** This file should be named 30664-h.htm or 30664-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/6/6/30664/ + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. 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Thus, we do not +necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper +edition. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search +facility: www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + diff --git a/30664-0.zip b/30664-0.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0577c8c --- /dev/null +++ b/30664-0.zip diff --git a/30664-8.txt b/30664-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..382e776 --- /dev/null +++ b/30664-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9895 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Callista by John Henry Cardinal Newman + + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no +restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under +the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or +online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license + + + +Title: Callista + +Author: John Henry Cardinal Newman + +Release Date: December 13, 2009 [Ebook #30664] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO 8859-1 + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALLISTA*** + + + + + + CALLISTA + + A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY + + + + + + CALLISTA + + A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY + + + BY + + JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN + + + "Love thy God, and love Him only, + And thy breast will ne'er be lonely. + In that One Great Spirit meet + All things mighty, grave, and sweet. + Vainly strives the soul to mingle + With a being of our kind; + Vainly hearts with hearts are twined: + For the deepest still is single. + An impalpable resistance + Holds like natures still at distance. + Mortal: love that Holy One, + Or dwell for aye alone." + DE VERE + + +_NEW IMPRESSION_ + + +LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. +39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON +NEW YORK AND BOMBAY +1904 + +_All rights reserved_ + + + + + + _To_ + + _HENRY WILLIAM WILBERFORCE._ + +_To you alone, who have known me so long, and who love me so well, could I +venture to offer a trifle like this. But you will recognise the author in +his work, and take pleasure in the recognition._ + + _J. H. N._ + + + + + + ADVERTISEMENT. + + + + +It is hardly necessary to say that the following Tale is a simple fiction +from beginning to end. It has little in it of actual history, and not much +claim to antiquarian research; yet it has required more reading than may +appear at first sight. + +It is an attempt to imagine and express, from a Catholic point of view, +the feelings and mutual relations of Christians and heathens at the period +to which it belongs, and it has been undertaken as the nearest approach +which the Author could make to a more important work suggested to him from +a high ecclesiastical quarter. + +_September 13, 1855._ + + + + + POSTSCRIPTS TO LATER EDITIONS. + + +_February 8, 1856._--Since the volume has been in print, the Author finds +that his name has got abroad. This gives him reason to add, that he wrote +great part of Chapters I., IV., and V., and sketched the character and +fortunes of Juba, in the early spring of 1848. He did no more till the end +of last July, when he suddenly resumed the thread of his tale, and has +been successful so far as this, that he has brought it to an end. + +Without being able to lay his finger upon instances in point, he has some +misgiving lest, from a confusion between ancient histories and modern +travels, there should be inaccuracies, antiquarian or geographical, in +certain of his minor statements, which carry with them authority when they +cease to be anonymous. + + + +_February 2, 1881.--October, 1888._--In a tale such as this, which professes +in the very first sentence of its Advertisement to be simple fiction from +beginning to end, details may be allowably filled up by the writer's +imagination and coloured by his personal opinions and beliefs, the only +rule binding on him being this--that he has no right to contravene +acknowledged historical facts. Thus it is that Walter Scott exercises a +poet's licence in drawing his Queen Elizabeth and his Claverhouse, and the +author of "Romola" has no misgivings in even imputing hypothetical motives +and intentions to Savonarola. Who, again, would quarrel with Mr. Lockhart, +writing in Scotland, for excluding Pope, or Bishops, or sacrificial rites +from his interesting Tale of Valerius? + +Such was the understanding, as to what I might do and what I might not, +with which I wrote this story; and to make it clearer, I added in the +later editions of this Advertisement, that it was written "from a Catholic +point of view;" while in the earlier, bearing in mind the interests of +historical truth, and the anachronism which I had ventured on at page 82 +in the date of Arnobius and Lactantius, I said that I had not "admitted +any actual interference with known facts without notice," questions of +religious controversy, when I said it, not even coming into my thoughts. I +did not consider my Tale to be in any sense controversial, but to be +specially addressed to Catholic readers, and for their edification. + +This being so, it was with no little surprise I found myself lately +accused of want of truth, because I have followed great authorities in +attributing to Christians of the middle of the third century what is +certainly to be found in the fourth,--devotions, representations, and +doctrines, declaratory of the high dignity of the Blessed Virgin. If I had +left out all mention of these, I should have been simply untrue to my idea +and apprehension of Primitive Christianity. To what positive and certain +facts do I run counter in so doing, even granting that I am indulging my +imagination? But I have allowed myself no such indulgence; I gave good +reasons long ago, in my "Letter to Dr. Pusey" (pp. 53-76), for what I +believe on this matter and for what I have in "Callista" described. + + + + + + CONTENTS. + + + CHAP. PAGE + I. SICCA VENERIA 1 + II. CHRISTIANITY IN SICCA 14 + III. AGELLIUS IN HIS COTTAGE 25 + IV. JUBA 30 + V. JUCUNDUS AT SUPPER 39 + VI. GOTHS AND CHRISTIANS 51 + VII. PERSECUTION IN THE OFFING 64 + VIII. THE NEW GENERATION 80 + IX. JUCUNDUS BAITS HIS TRAP 92 + X. THE DIVINE CALLISTA 111 + XI. CALLISTA'S PREACHING, AND WHAT CAME OF IT 122 + XII. A DEATH 135 + XIII. AND RESURRECTION 145 + XIV. A SMALL CLOUD 159 + XV. A VISITATION 168 + XVI. WORSE AND WORSE 178 + XVII. CHRISTIANOS AD LEONES 189 + XVIII. AGELLIUS FLITS 199 + XIX. A PASSAGE OF ARMS 212 + XX. HE SHALL NOT LOSE HIS REWARD 226 + XXI. STARTLING RUMOURS 235 + XXII. JUCUNDUS PROPOUNDS HIS VIEW OF THE SITUATION 239 + XXIII. GURTA 256 + XXIV. A MOTHER'S BLESSING 266 + XXV. CALLISTA IN DURANCE 274 + XXVI. WHAT CAN IT ALL MEAN? 281 + XXVII. AM I A CHRISTIAN? 291 + XXVIII. A SICK CALL 305 + XXIX. CONVERSION 317 + XXX. TORRES VEDRAS 329 + XXXI. THE BAPTISM 343 + XXXII. THE IMPERIAL RESCRIPT 352 + XXXIII. A GOOD CONFESSION 357 + XXXIV. THE MARTYRDOM 366 + XXXV. THE CORPO SANTO 371 + XXXVI. LUX PERPETUA SANCTIS TUIS, DOMINE 377 + + + + + + + CALLISTA; + + + A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY. + + + + + + CHAPTER I. + + + SICCA VENERIA. + + +In no province of the vast Roman empire, as it existed in the middle of +the third century, did Nature wear a richer or a more joyous garb than she +displayed in Proconsular Africa, a territory of which Carthage was the +metropolis, and Sicca might be considered the centre. The latter city, +which was the seat of a Roman colony, lay upon a precipitous or steep +bank, which led up along a chain of hills to a mountainous track in the +direction of the north and east. In striking contrast with this wild and +barren region was the view presented by the west and south, where for many +miles stretched a smiling champaign, exuberantly wooded, and varied with a +thousand hues, till it was terminated at length by the successive tiers of +the Atlas, and the dim and fantastic forms of the Numidian mountains. The +immediate neighbourhood of the city was occupied by gardens, vineyards, +corn-fields, and meadows, crossed or encircled here by noble avenues of +trees or the remains of primeval forests, there by the clustering groves +which wealth and luxury had created. This spacious plain, though level +when compared with the northern heights by which the city was backed, and +the peaks and crags which skirted the southern and western horizon, was +discovered, as light and shadow travelled with the sun, to be diversified +with hill and dale, upland and hollow; while orange gardens, orchards, +olive and palm plantations held their appropriate sites on the slopes or +the bottoms. Through the mass of green, which extended still more thickly +from the west round to the north, might be seen at intervals two solid +causeways tracking their persevering course to the Mediterranean coast, +the one to the ancient rival of Rome, the other to Hippo Regius in +Numidia. Tourists might have complained of the absence of water from the +scene; but the native peasant would have explained to them that the eye +alone had reason to be discontented, and that the thick foliage and the +uneven surface did but conceal what mother earth with no niggard bounty +supplied. The Bagradas, issuing from the spurs of the Atlas, made up in +depth what it wanted in breadth of bed, and ploughed the rich and yielding +mould with its rapid stream, till, after passing Sicca in its way, it fell +into the sea near Carthage. It was but the largest of a multitude of +others, most of them tributaries to it, deepening as much as they +increased it. While channels had been cut from the larger rills for the +irrigation of the open land, brooks, which sprang up in the gravel which +lay against the hills, had been artificially banked with cut stones or +paved with pebbles; and where neither springs nor rivulets were to be +found, wells had been dug, sometimes to the vast depth of as much as 200 +fathoms, with such effect that the spurting column of water had in some +instances drowned the zealous workmen who had been the first to reach it. +And, while such were the resources of less favoured localities or seasons, +profuse rains descended over the whole region for one half of the year, +and the thick summer dews compensated by night for the daily tribute +extorted by an African sun. + +At various distances over the undulating surface, and through the woods, +were seen the villas and the hamlets of that happy land. It was an age +when the pride of architecture had been indulged to the full; edifices, +public and private, mansions and temples, ran off far away from each +market-town or borough, as from a centre, some of stone or marble, but +most of them of that composite of fine earth, rammed tight by means of +frames, for which the Saracens were afterwards famous, and of which +specimens remain to this day, as hard in surface, as sharp at the angles, +as when they first were finished. Every here and there, on hill or crag, +crowned with basilicas and temples, radiant in the sun, might be seen the +cities of the province or of its neighbourhood, Thibursicumber, Thugga, +Laribus, Siguessa, Sufetula, and many others; while in the far distance, +on an elevated table-land under the Atlas, might be discerned the Colonia +Scillitana, famous about fifty years before the date of which we write for +the martyrdom of Speratus and his companions, who were beheaded at the +order of the proconsul for refusing to swear by the genius of Rome and the +emperor. + +If the spectator now takes his stand, not in Sicca itself, but about a +quarter of a mile to the south-east, on the hill or knoll on which was +placed the cottage of Agellius, the city itself will enter into the +picture. Its name, Sicca Veneria, if it be derived (as some suppose) from +the Succoth benoth, or "tents of the daughters," mentioned by the inspired +writer as an object of pagan worship in Samaria, shows that it owed its +foundation to the Phoenician colonists of the country. At any rate, the +Punic deities retained their hold upon the place; the temples of the +Tyrian Hercules and of Saturn, the scene of annual human sacrifices, were +conspicuous in its outline, though these and all other religious buildings +in it looked small beside the mysterious antique shrine devoted to the +sensual rites of the Syrian Astarte. Public baths and a theatre, a +capitol, imitative of Rome, a gymnasium, the long outline of a portico, an +equestrian statue in brass of the Emperor Severus, were grouped together +above the streets of a city, which, narrow and winding, ran up and down +across the hill. In its centre an extraordinary spring threw up +incessantly several tons of water every minute, and was inclosed by the +superstitious gratitude of the inhabitants with the peristylium of a +sacred place. At the extreme back, towards the north, which could not be +seen from the point of view where we last stationed ourselves, there was a +sheer descent of rock, bestowing on the city, when it was seen at a +distance on the Mediterranean side, the same bold and striking appearance +which attaches to Castro Giovanni, the ancient Enna, in the heart of +Sicily. + +And now, withdrawing our eyes from the panorama, whether in its distant or +nearer objects, if we would at length contemplate the spot itself from +which we have been last surveying it, we shall find almost as much to +repay attention, and to elicit admiration. We stand in the midst of a farm +of some wealthy proprietor, consisting of a number of fields and gardens, +separated from each other by hedges of cactus or the aloe. At the foot of +the hill, which sloped down on the side furthest from Sicca to one of the +tributaries of the rich and turbid river of which we have spoken, a large +yard or garden, intersected with a hundred artificial rills, was devoted +to the cultivation of the beautiful and odoriferous _khennah_. A thick +grove of palms seemed to triumph in the refreshment of the water's side, +and lifted up their thankful boughs towards heaven. The barley harvest in +the fields which lay higher up the hill was over, or at least was +finishing; and all that remained of the crop was the incessant and +importunate chirping of the _cicad_, and the rude booths of reeds and +bulrushes, now left to wither, in which the peasant boys found shelter +from the sun, while in an earlier month they frightened from the grain the +myriads of linnets, goldfinches, and other small birds who, as in other +countries, contested with the human proprietor the possession of it. On +the south-western slope lies a neat and carefully dressed vineyard, the +vine-stakes of which, dwarfish as they are, already cast long shadows on +the eastern side. Slaves are scattered over it, testifying to the +scorching power of the sun by their broad _petasus_, and to its oppressive +heat by the scanty _subligarium_, which reached from the belt or girdle to +the knees. They are engaged in cutting off useless twigs to which the last +showers of spring have given birth, and are twisting those which promise +fruit into positions where they will be safe both from the breeze and from +the sun. Everything gives token of that gracious and happy season which +the great Latin poets have hymned in their beautiful but heathen strains; +when, after the heavy rains, and raw mists, and piercing winds, and fitful +sun-gleams of a long six months, the mighty mother manifests herself anew, +and pours out the resources of her innermost being for the life and +enjoyment of every portion of the vast whole;--or, to apply the lines of a +modern bard-- + + "When the bare earth, till now + Desert and bare, unsightly, unadorned, + Brings forth the tender grass, whose verdure clads + Her universal face with pleasant green; + Then herbs of every leaf, that sudden flower, + Opening their various colours, and make gay + Her bosom, swelling sweet; and, these scarce blown, + Forth flourishes the clustering vine, forth creeps + The swelling gourd, up stands the corny reed + Embattled in her fields, and the humble shrub, + And bush with frizzled hair implicit; last + Rise, as in dance, the stately trees, and spread + Their branches hung with copious fruit, or gem + Their blossoms; with high woods the hills are crowned + With tufts the valleys, and each fountain side + With borders long the rivers; that earth now + Seems like to heaven, a seat where gods might dwell, + Or wander with delight, and love to haunt + Her sacred shades." + +A snatch from some old Greek chant, with something of plaintiveness in the +tone, issues from the thicket just across the mule-path, cut deep in the +earth, which reaches from the city gate to the streamlet; and a youth, who +had the appearance of the assistant bailiff or _procurator_ of the farm, +leaped from it, and went over to the labourers, who were busy with the +vines. His eyes and hair and the cast of his features spoke of Europe; his +manner had something of shyness and reserve, rather than of rusticity; and +he wore a simple red tunic with half sleeves, descending to the knee, and +tightened round him by a belt. His legs and feet were protected by boots +which came half up his calf. He addressed one of the slaves, and his voice +was gentle and cheerful. + +"Ah, Sansar!" he cried, "I don't like your way of managing these branches +so well as my own; but it is a difficult thing to move an old fellow like +you. You never fasten together the shoots which you don't cut off, they +are flying about quite wild, and the first ox that passes through the +field next month for the ploughing will break them off." + +He spoke in Latin; the man understood it, and answered him in the same +language, though with deviations from purity of accent and syntax, not +without parallel in the _talkee-talkee_ of the West Indian negro. + +"Ay, ay, master," he said, "ay, ay; but it's all a mistake to use the +plough at all. The fork does the work much better, and no fear for the +grape. I hide the tendril under the leaf against the sun, which is the +only enemy we have to consider." + +"Ah! but the fork does not raise so much dust as the plough and the heavy +cattle which draw it," returned Agellius; "and the said dust does more for +the protection of the tendril than the shade of the leaf." + +"But those huge beasts," retorted the slave, "turn up great ridges, and +destroy the yard." + +"It's no good arguing with an old vinedresser, who had formed his theory +before I was born," said Agellius good-humouredly; and he passed on into a +garden beyond. + +Here were other indications of the happy month through which the year was +now travelling. The garden, so to call it, was a space of several acres in +extent; it was one large bed of roses, and preparation was making for +extracting their essence, for which various parts of that country are to +this day celebrated. Here was another set of labourers, and a man of +middle age was surveying them at his leisure. His business-like, severe, +and off-hand manner bespoke the _villicus_ or bailiff himself. + +"Always here," said he, "as if you were a slave, not a Roman, my good +fellow; yet slaves have their Saturnalia; always serving, not worshipping +the all-bounteous and all-blessed. Why are you not taking holiday in the +town?" + +"Why should I, sir?" asked Agellius; "don't you recollect old Hiempsal's +saying about 'one foot in the slipper, and one in the shoe.' Nothing would +be done well if I were a town-goer. You engaged me, I suppose, to be here, +not there." + +"Ah!" answered he, "but at this season the empire, the genius of Rome, the +customs of the country, demand it, and above all the great goddess Astarte +and her genial, jocund month. 'Parturit almus ager;' you know the verse; +do not be out of tune with Nature, nor clash and jar with the great system +of the universe." + +A cloud of confusion, or of distress, passed over Agellius's face. He +seemed as if he wished to speak; at length he merely said, "It's a fault +on the right side in a servant, I suppose." + +"I know the way of your people," Vitricus replied, "Corybantians, +Phrygians, Jews, what do you call yourselves? There are so many fantastic +religions now-a-days. Hang yourself outright at your house-door, if you +are tired of living--and you are a sensible fellow. How can any man, whose +head sits right upon his shoulders, say that life is worth having, and not +worth enjoying?" + +"I am a quiet being," answered Agellius, "I like the country, which you +think so tame, and care little for the flaunting town. Tastes differ." + +"Town! you need not go to Sicca," answered the bailiff, "all Sicca is out +of town. It has poured into the fields, and groves, and river side. Lift +up your eyes, man alive, open your ears, and let pleasure flow in. Be +passive under the sweet breath of the goddess, and she will fill you with +ecstasy." + +It was as Vitricus had said; the solemn feast-days of Astarte were in +course of celebration; of Astarte, the well-known divinity of Carthage and +its dependent cities, whom Heliogabalus had lately introduced to Rome, who +in her different aspects was at once Urania, Juno, and Aphrodite, +according as she embodied the idea of the philosopher, the statesman, or +the vulgar; lofty and intellectual as Urania, majestic and commanding as +Juno, seductive as the goddess of sensuality and excess. + +"There goes the son of as good and frank a soldier as ever brandished +pilum," said Vitricus to himself, "till in his last years some infernal +god took umbrage at him, and saddled him and his with one of those absurd +superstitions which are as plentiful here as serpents. He indeed was too +old himself to get much harm from it; but it shows its sour nature in +these young shoots. A good servant, but the plague's in his bones, and he +will rot." + +His subordinate's reflections were of a different character: "The very air +breathes sin to-day," he cried; "oh that I did not find the taint of the +city in these works of God! Alas! sweet Nature, the child of the Almighty, +is made to do the fiend's work, and does it better than the town. O ye +beautiful trees and fair flowers, O bright sun and balmy air, what a +bondage ye are in, and how do ye groan till you are redeemed from it! Ye +are bond-slaves, but not willingly, as man is; but how will you ever be +turned to nobler purpose? How is this vast, this solid establishment of +error, the incubus of many thousand years, ever to have an end? You +yourselves, dear ones, will come to nought first. Anyhow, the public way +is no place for me this evening. They'll soon be back from their accursed +revelry." + +A sound of horns and voices had been heard from time to time through the +woods, as if proceeding from parties dispersed through them; and in the +growing twilight might be seen lights, glancing and wandering through the +foliage. The cottage in which Agellius dwelt was on the other side of the +hollow bridle-way which crossed the hill. To make for home he had first to +walk some little distance along it; and scarcely had he descended into it +for that purpose, when he found himself in the front of a band of +revellers, who were returning from some scene of impious festivity. They +were arrayed in holiday guise, as far as they studied dress at all; the +symbols of idolatry were on their foreheads and arms; some of them were +intoxicated, and most of them were women. + +"Why have you not been worshipping, young fellow?" said one. + +"Comely built," said another, "but struck by the furies. I know the cut of +him." + +"By Astarte," said a third, "he's one of those sly Gnostics! I have seen +the chap before, with his hangdog look. He is one of Pluto's whelps, first +cousin to Cerberus, and his name's Channibal." + +On which they all began to shout out, "I say, Channibal, Channibal, here's +a lad that knows you. Old fellow, come along with us;" and the speaker +made a dash at him. + +On this Agellius, who was slowly making his way past them on the broken +and steep path, leapt up in two or three steps to the ridge, and went away +in security; when one woman cried out, "O the toad, I know him now; he is +a wizard; he eats little children; didn't you see him make that sign? it's +a charm. My sister did it; the fool left me to be one of them. She was +ever doing so" (mimicking the sign of the cross). "He's a Christian, +blight him! he'll turn us into beasts." + +"Cerberus, bite him!" said another, "he sucks blood;" and taking up a +stone, she made it whiz past his ear as he disappeared from view. A +general scream of contempt and hatred followed. "Where's the ass's head? +put out the lights, put out the lights! gibbet him! that's why he has not +been with honest people down in the vale." And then they struck up a +blasphemous song, the sentiments of which we are not going even to +conceive, much less to attempt in words. + + + + + + CHAPTER II. + + + CHRISTIANITY IN SICCA. + + +The revellers went on their way; Agellius went on his, and made for his +lowly and lonely cottage. He was the elder of the two sons of a Roman +legionary of the Secunda Italica, who had settled with them in Sicca, +where he lost their mother, and died, having in his old age become a +Christian. The fortitude of some confessors at Carthage in the persecution +of Severus had been the initial cause of his conversion. He had been +posted as one of their guards, and had attended them to the scene of their +martyrdom, in addition to the civil force, to whom in the proconsulate the +administration of the law was committed. Therefore, happily for him, it +could not fall to his duty to be their executioner, a function which, +however revolting to his feelings, he might not have had courage to +decline. He remained a pagan, though he could not shake off the impression +which the martyrs had made upon him; and, after completing his time of +service, he retired to the protection of some great friends in Sicca, his +brother's home already. Here he took a second wife of the old Numidian +stock, and supported himself by the produce of a small piece of land which +had been given to him for life by the imperial government. If trial were +necessary in order to keep alive the good seed which had been sown in his +heart, he found a never-failing supply of that article in the companion of +his declining years. In the hey-day of her youth she might have been +fitted to throw a sort of sunshine, or rather torchlight, on a military +carouse; but now, when poor Strabo, a man well to do in the world, looking +for peace, had fallen under her arts, he found he had surrendered his +freedom to a malignant, profligate woman, whose passions made her better +company for evil spirits than for an invalided soldier. Indeed, as time +went on, the popular belief, which she rather encouraged, went to the +extent that she actually did hold an intercourse with the unseen world; +and certainly she matured in a hatred towards God and man, which would +naturally follow, and not unnaturally betoken, such intercourse. The more, +then, she inflicted on him her proficiency in these amiable +characteristics, the more he looked out for some consolation elsewhere; +and the more she involved herself in the guilt or the repute of unlawful +arts, the more was he drawn to that religion, where alone to commune with +the invisible is to hold intercourse with heaven, not with hell. Whether +so great a trial supplied a more human inducement for looking towards +Christianity, it is impossible to say. Most men, certainly Roman soldiers, +may be considered to act on mixed motives; but so it was in fact, that, on +his becoming in his last years a Christian, he found, perhaps discovered, +to his great satisfaction, that the Church did not oblige him to continue +or renew a tie which bound him to so much misery, and that he might end +his days in a tranquillity which his past life required, and his wife's +presence would have precluded. He made a good end; he had been allowed to +take the blessed sacrament from the altar to his own home on the last time +he had been able to attend a _synaxis_ of the faithful, and thus had +communicated at least six months within his decease; and the priest who +anointed him at the beginning of his last illness also took his +confession. He died, begging forgiveness of all whom he had injured, and +giving large alms to the poor. This was about the year 236, in the midst +of that long peace of the Church, which was broken at length by the Decian +persecution. + +This peace of well-nigh fifty years had necessarily a peculiar, and not a +happy effect upon the Christians of the proconsulate. They multiplied in +the greater and the maritime cities, and made their way into positions of +importance, whether in trade or the governmental departments; they +extended their family connections, and were on good terms with the +heathen. Whatever jealousy might be still cherished against the Christian +name, nevertheless, individual Christians were treated with civility, and +recognised as citizens; though among the populace there would be +occasions, at the time of the more solemn pagan feasts, when accidental +outbursts might be expected of the antipathy latent in the community, as +we have been recording in the foregoing chapter. Men of sense, however, +began to understand them better, and to be more just to the reasonableness +of their faith. This would lead them to scorn Christianity less, but it +would lead them to fear it more. It was no longer a matter merely for the +populace to insult, but for government deliberately to put down. The +prevailing and still growing unbelief among the lower classes of the +population did but make a religion more formidable, which, as heathen +statesmen felt, was able to wield the weapons of enthusiasm and zeal with +a force and success unknown even to the most fortunate impostors among the +Oriental or Egyptian hierophants. The philosophical schools were impressed +with similar apprehensions, and had now for fifty years been employed in +creating and systematising a new intellectual basis for the received +paganism. + +But, while the signs of the times led to the anticipation that a struggle +was impending between the heads of the state religion and of the new +worship which was taking its place, the great body of Christians, laymen +and ecclesiastics, were on better and better terms, individually, with the +members of society, or what is now called the public; and without losing +their faith or those embers of charity which favourable circumstances +would promptly rekindle, were, it must be confessed, in a state of +considerable relaxation; they often were on the brink of deplorable sins, +and sometimes fell over the brink. And many would join the Church on +inferior motives as soon as no great temporal disadvantage attached to the +act; or the families of Christian parents might grow up with so little of +moral or religious education as to make it difficult to say why they +called themselves members of a divine religion. Mixed marriages would +increase both the scandal and the confusion. + +"A long repose," says St. Cyprian, speaking of this very period, "had +corrupted the discipline which had come down to us. Every one was applying +himself to the increase of wealth; and, forgetting both the conduct of the +faithful under the Apostles, and what ought to be their conduct in every +age, with insatiable eagerness for gain devoted himself to the multiplying +of possessions. The priests were wanting in religious devotedness, the +ministers in entireness of faith; there was no mercy in works, no +discipline in manners. Men wore their beards disfigured, and woman dyed +their faces. Their eyes were changed from what God made them, and a lying +colour was passed upon the hair. The hearts of the simple were misled by +treacherous artifices, and brethren became entangled in seductive snares. +Ties of marriage were formed with unbelievers; members of Christ abandoned +to the heathen. Not only rash swearing was heard, but even false; persons +in high place were swollen with contemptuousness; poisoned reproaches fell +from their mouths, and men were sundered by unabating quarrels. Numerous +bishops, who ought to be an encouragement and example to others, despising +their sacred calling, engaged themselves in secular vocations, +relinquished their sees, deserted their people, strayed among foreign +provinces, hunted the markets for mercantile profits, and tried to amass +large sums of money, while they had brethren starving within the Church; +took possession of estates by fraudulent proceedings, and multiplied their +gains by accumulated usuries."(1) + +The relaxation which would extend the profession of Christianity in the +larger cities would contract or extinguish it in remote or country places. +There would be little zeal to keep up Churches, which could not be served +without an effort or without secular loss. Carthage, Utica, Hippo, +Milevis, or Curubis, was a more attractive residence than the towns with +uncouth African names, which amaze the ecclesiastical student in the Acts +of the Councils. Vocations became scarce; sees remained vacant; +congregations died out. This was pretty much the case with the Church and +see of Sicca. At the time of which we write, history preserves no record +of any bishop as exercising his pastoral functions in that city. In matter +of fact there was none. The last bishop, an amiable old man, had in the +course of years acquired a considerable extent of arable land, and +employed himself principally, for lack of more spiritual occupation, in +reaping, stacking, selling, and sending off his wheat for the Roman +market. His deacon had been celebrated in early youth for his boldness in +the chase, and took part in the capture of lions and panthers (an act of +charity towards the peasants round Sicca) for the Roman amphitheatre. No +priests were to be found, and the bishop became _parochus_ till his death. +Afterwards infants and catechumens lost baptism; parents lost faith, or at +least love; wanderers lost repentance and conversion. For a while there +was a flourishing meeting-house of Tertullianists, who had scared more +humble minds by pronouncing the eternal perdition of every Catholic; there +had also been various descriptions of Gnostics, who had carried off the +clever youths and restless speculators; and then there had been the lapse +of time, gradually consuming the generation which had survived the +flourishing old days of the African Church. And the result was, that in +the year 250 it was difficult to say of whom the Church of Sicca +consisted. There was no bishop, no priest, no deacon. There was the old +_mansionarius_ or sacristan; there were two or three pious women, married +or single, who owed their religion to good mothers; there were some slaves +who kept to their faith, no one knew how or why; there were a vast many +persons who ought to be Catholics, but were heretics, or nothing at all, +or all but pagans, and sure to become pagans on the asking; there were +Agellius and his brother Juba, and how far these two had a claim to the +Christian name we now proceed to explain. + +They were about the ages of seven and eight when their father died, and +they fell under the guardianship of their uncle, whose residence at Sicca +had been one of the reasons which determined Strabo to settle there. This +man, being possessed of some capital, drove a thriving trade in idols, +large and small, amulets, and the like instruments of the established +superstition. His father had come to Carthage in the service of one of the +assessors of the proconsul of the day; and his son, finding competition +ran too high to give him prospect of remuneration in the metropolis, had +opened his statue-shop in Sicca. Those modern arts which enable an English +town in this day to be so fertile in the production of ware of this +description for the markets of the pagan East, were then unknown; and +Jucundus depended on certain artists whom he imported, especially on two +Greeks, brother and sister, who came from some isle on the Asian coast, +for the supply of his trade. He was a good-natured man, self-indulgent, +positive, and warmly attached to the reigning paganism, both as being the +law of the land and the vital principle of the state; and, while he was +really kind to his orphan nephews, he simply abominated, as in duty bound, +the idiotic cant and impudent fee-fa-fum, to which, in his infallible +judgment, poor old Strabo had betrayed his children. He would have +restored them, you may be quite sure, to their country and to their +country's gods, had they acquiesced in the restoration: but in different +ways these little chaps, and he shook his head as he said it, were +difficult to deal with. Agellius had a very positive opinion of his own on +the matter; and as for Juba, though he had no opinion at all, yet he had +an equally positive aversion to have thrust on him by another any opinion +at all, even in favour of paganism. He had remained in his catechumen +state since he grew up, because he found himself in it; and though nothing +would make him go forward in his profession of Christianity, no earthly +power would be able to make him go back. So there he was, like a mule, +struck fast in the door of the Church, and feeling a gratification in his +independence of mind. However, whatever his profession might be, still, as +time went on, he plainly took after his step-mother, renewed his +intercourse with her after his father's death, and at length went so far +as to avow that he believed in nothing but the devil, if even he believed +in him. It was scarcely safe, however, to affirm that the senses of this +hopeful lad were his own. + +Agellius, on the other hand, when a boy of six years old, had insisted on +receiving baptism; had perplexed his father by a manifestation of zeal to +which the old man was a stranger; and had made the good bishop lose the +corn-fleet which was starting for Italy from his importunity to learn the +Catechism. Baptized he was, confirmed, communicated; but a boy's nature is +variable, and by the time Agellius had reached adolescence, the gracious +impulses of his childhood had in some measure faded away, though he still +retained his faith in its first keenness and vigour. But he had no one to +keep him up to his duty; no exhortations, no example, no sympathy. His +father's friends had taken him up so far as this, that by an extraordinary +favour they had got him a lease for some years of the property which +Strabo, a veteran soldier, had held of the imperial government. The care +of this small property fell upon him, and another and more serious charge +was added to it. The long prosperity of the province had increased the +opulence and enlarged the upper class of Sicca. Officials, contractors, +and servants of the government had made fortunes, and raised villas in the +neighbourhood of the city. Natives of the place, returning from Rome, or +from provincial service elsewhere, had invested their gains in long leases +of state lands, or of the farms belonging to the imperial _res privata_ or +privy purse, and had become virtual proprietors of the rich fields or +beautiful gardens in which they had played as children. One of such +persons, who had had a place in the _officium_ of the qustor, or rather +procurator, as he began to be called, was the employer of Agellius. His +property adjoined the cottage of the latter; and, having first employed +the youth from recollection of his father, he confided to him the place of +under-bailiff from the talents he showed for farm-business. + +Such was his position at the early age of twenty-two; but honourable as it +was in itself, and from the mode in which it was obtained, no one would +consider it adapted, under the circumstances, to counteract the religious +languor and coldness which had grown upon him. And in truth he did not +know where he stood further than that he was firm in faith, as we have +said, and had shrunk from a boy upwards, from the vice and immorality +which was the very atmosphere of Sicca. He might any day be betrayed into +some fatal inconsistency, which would either lead him into sin, or oblige +him abruptly to retrace his steps, and find a truer and safer position. He +was not generally known to be a Christian, at least for certain, though he +was seen to keep clear of the established religion. It was not that he +hid, so much as that the world did not care to know, what he believed. In +that day there were many rites and worships which kept to themselves--many +forms of moroseness or misanthropy, as they were considered, which +withdrew their votaries from the public ceremonial. The Catholic faith +seemed to the multitude to be one of these; it was only in critical times, +when some idolatrous act was insisted on by the magistrate, that the +specific nature of Christianity was tested and detected. Then at length it +was seen to differ from all other religious varieties by that irrational +and disgusting obstinacy, as it was felt to be, which had rather suffer +torments and lose life than submit to some graceful, or touching, or at +least trifling observance which the tradition of ages had sanctioned. + + + + + + CHAPTER III. + + + AGELLIUS IN HIS COTTAGE. + + +The cottage for which Agellius was making, when last we had sight of him, +was a small brick house consisting of one room, with a loft over it, and a +kitchen on the side, not very unlike that holy habitation which once +contained the Eternal Word in human form with His Virgin Mother, and +Joseph, their guardian. It was situated on the declivity of the hill, and, +unlike the gardens of Italy, the space before it was ornamented with a +plot of turf. A noble palm on one side, in spite of its distance from the +water, and a group of orange-trees on the other, formed a foreground to +the rich landscape which was described in our opening chapter. The borders +and beds were gay with the lily, the bacchar, amber-coloured and purple, +the golden abrotomus, the red chelidonium, and the variegated iris. +Against the wall of the house were trained pomegranates, with their +crimson blossoms, the star-like pothos or jessamine, and the symbolical +passionflower, which well became a Christian dwelling. + +And it was an intimation of what would be found within; for on one side of +the room was rudely painted a red cross, with doves about it, as is found +in early Christian shrines to this day. So long had been the peace of the +Church, that the tradition of persecution seemed to have been lost; and +Christians allowed themselves in the profession of their faith at home, +cautious as they might be in public places; as freely as now in England, +where we do not scruple to raise crucifixes within our churches and +houses, though we shrink from doing so within sight of the hundred cabs +and omnibuses which rattle past them. Under the cross were two or three +pictures, or rather sketches. In the centre stood the Blessed Virgin with +hands spread out in prayer, attended by the holy Apostles Peter and Paul +on her right and left. Under this representation was rudely scratched upon +the wall the word, "Advocata," a title which the earliest antiquity +bestows upon her. On a small shelf was placed a case with two or three +rolls or sheets of parchment in it. The appearance of them spoke of use +indeed, but of reverential treatment. These were the Psalms, the Gospel +according to St. Luke, and St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, in the old +Latin version, The Gospel was handsomely covered, and ornamented with +gold. + +The apartment was otherwise furnished with such implements and materials +as might be expected in the cottage of a countryman: one or two stools and +benches for sitting, a table, and in one corner a heap of dried leaves and +rushes, with a large crimson coverlet, for rest at night. Elsewhere were +two millstones fixed in a frame, with a handle attached to the rim of one +of them, for grinding corn. Then again, garden tools; boxes of seeds; a +vessel containing syrup for assuaging the sting of the scorpion; the +_asir-rese_ or _anagallis_, a potent medicine of the class of poisons, +which was taken in wine for the same mischance. It hung from the beams, +with a large bunch of _atsirtiphua_, a sort of camomile, smaller in the +flower and more fragrant than our own, which was used as a febrifuge. +Thence, too, hung a plentiful gathering of dried grapes, of the kind +called _duracin_; and near the door a bough of the green _bargut_ or +_psyllium_, to drive away the smaller insects. + +Poor Agellius felt the contrast between the ungodly turmoil from which he +had escaped, and the deep stillness into which he now had entered; but +neither satisfied him quite. There was no repose out of doors, and no +relief within. He was lonely at home, lonely in the crowd. He needed the +sympathy of his kind; hearts which might beat with his heart; friends with +whom he might share his joys and griefs; advisers whom he might consult; +minds like his own, who would understand him--minds unlike his own, who +would succour and respond to him. A very great trial certainly this, in +which the soul is flung back upon itself; and that especially in the case +of the young, for whom memory and experience do so little, and wayward and +excited feelings do so much. Great gain had it been for Agellius, even in +its natural effect, putting aside higher benefits, to have been able to +recur to sacramental confession; but to confession he had never been, +though once or twice he had attended the public _homologesis_ of the +Church. Shall we wonder that the poor youth began to be despondent and +impatient under his trial? Shall we not feel for him, though we may be +sorry for him, should it turn out that he was looking restlessly into +every corner of the small world of acquaintance in which his lot lay, for +those with whom he could converse easily, and interchange speculation, +argument, aspiration, and affection? + +"No one cares for me," he said, as he sat down on his rustic bench. "I am +nothing to any one; I am a hermit, like Elias or John, without the call to +be one. Yet even Elias felt the burden of being one against many; even +John asked at length in expostulation, 'Art Thou He that shall come?' Am I +for ever to have the knowledge, without the consolation, of the truth? am +I for ever to belong to a great divine society, yet never see the face of +any of its members?" + +He paused in his thoughts, as if drinking in the full taste and measure of +his unhappiness. And then his reflections took a turn, and he said, +suddenly, "Why do I not leave Sicca? What binds me to my father's farm? I +am young, and my interest in it will soon expire. What keeps me from +Carthage, Hippo, Cirtha, where Christians are so many?" But here he +stopped as suddenly as he had begun; and a strange feeling, half pang, +half thrill, went through his heart. And he felt unwilling to pursue his +thought, or to answer the question which he had asked; and he settled into +a dull, stagnant condition of mind, in which he seemed hardly to think at +all. + +Be of good cheer, solitary one, though thou art not a hero yet! There is +One that cares for thee, and loves thee, more than thou canst feel, love, +or care for thyself. Cast all thy care upon Him. He sees thee, and is +watching thee; He is hanging over thee, and smiles in compassion at thy +troubles. His angel, who is thine, is whispering good thoughts to thee. He +knows thy weakness; He foresees thy errors; but He holds thee by thy right +hand, and thou shalt not, canst not escape Him. By thy faith, which thou +hast so simply, resolutely retained in the midst of idolatry; by thy +purity, which, like some fair flower, thou hast cherished in the midst of +pollution, He will remember thee in thy evil hour, and thine enemy shall +not prevail against thee! + +What means that smile upon Agellius's face? It is the response of the +child to the loving parent. He knows not why, but the cloud is past. He +signs himself with the holy cross, and sweet reviving thoughts enliven +him. He names the sacred Name, and it is like ointment poured out upon his +soul. He rises; he kneels down under the dread symbol of his salvation; +and he begins his evening prayer. + + + + + + CHAPTER IV. + + + JUBA. + + +There was more of heart, less of effort, less of mechanical habit, in +Agellius's prayers that night, than there had been for a long while +before. He got up, struck a light, and communicated it to his small +earthen lamp. Its pale rays feebly searched the room and discovered at the +other end of it Juba, who had silently opened the door, and sat down near +it, while his brother was employed upon his devotions. The countenance of +the latter fell, for he was not to go to sleep with the resignation and +peace which had just before been poured into his breast. Yet why should he +complain? we receive consolation in this world for the very purpose of +preparing us against trouble to come. Juba was a tall, swarthy, +wild-looking youth. He was holding his head on one side as he sat, and his +face towards the roof; he nodded obliquely, arched his eyebrows, pursed up +his lips, and crossed his arms, while he gave utterance to a strange, +half-whispered laugh. + +"He, he, he!" he cried; "so you are on your knees, Agellius." + +"Why shouldn't I be at this hour," answered Agellius, "and before I go to +bed?" + +"O, every one to his taste, of course," said Juba; "but to an unprejudiced +mind there is something unworthy in the act." + +"Why, Juba?" said his brother somewhat sharply; "don't you profess any +religion at all?" + +"Perhaps I do, and perhaps I don't," answered Juba; "but never shall it be +a bowing and scraping, crawling and cringing religion. You may take your +oath of that." + +"What ails you to come here at this time of night?" asked Agellius; "who +asked for your company?" + +"I will come just when I please," said the other, "and go when I please. I +won't give an account of my actions to any one, God or man, devil or +priest, much less to you. What right have you to ask me?" + +"Then," said Agellius, "you'll never get peace or comfort as long as you +live, that I can tell you, let alone the life to come." + +Juba kept silent for awhile, and bit his nails with a smile on his face, +and his eyes looking askance upon the ground. "I want no more than I have; +I am well content," he said. + +"Contented with yourself," retorted Agellius. + +"Of course," Juba replied; "whom ought one to wish rather to content?" + +"I suppose, your Creator." + +"Creator," answered Juba, tossing back his head with an air of +superiority; "Creator;--that, I consider, is an assumption." + +"O, my dear brother," cried Agellius, "don't go on in that dreadful way!" + +" 'Go on!' who began? Is one man to lay down the law, and not the other +too? Is it so generally received, this belief of a Creator? Who have +brought in the belief? The Christians. 'Tis the Christians that began it. +The world went on very well without it before their rise. And now, who +began the dispute but you?" + +"Well, if I did," answered Agellius; "but I didn't. You began in coming +here; what in the world are you come for? by what right do you disturb me +at this hour?" + +There was no appearance of anger in Juba; he seemed as free from feeling +of every kind, from what is called _heart_, as if he had been a stone. In +answer to his brother's question, he quietly said, "I have been down +there," pointing in the direction of the woods. + +An expression of sharp anguish passed over his brother's face, and for a +moment he was silent. At length he said, "You don't mean to say you have +been down to poor mother?" + +"I do," said Juba. + +There was again a silence for a little while; then Agellius renewed the +conversation. "You have fallen off sadly, Juba, in the course of the last +several years." + +Juba tossed his head, and crossed his legs. + +"At one time I thought you would have been baptized," his brother +continued. + +"That was my weakness," answered Juba; "it was a weak moment: it was just +after the old bishop's death. He had been kind to me as a child; and he +said some womanish words to me, and it was excusable in me." + +"Oh that you had yielded to your wish!" cried Agellius. + +Juba looked superior. "The fit passed," he said. "I have come to a juster +view of things. It is not every one who has the strength of mind. I +consider that a logical head comes to a very different conclusion;" and he +began wagging his own, to the right and left, as if it were coming to a +great many. + +"Well," said Agellius, gaping, and desiring at least to come to a +conclusion of the altercation, "what brings you here so late?" + +"I was on my way to Jucundus," he answered, "and have been delayed by the +Succoth-benoth in the grove across the river." + +Here they were thrown back upon their controversy. Agellius turned quite +white. "My poor fellow," he said, "what were you there for?" + +"To see the world," answered Juba; "it's unmanly not to see it. Why +shouldn't I see it? It was good fun. I despise them all, fools and idiots. +There they were, scampering about, or lying like hogs, all in liquor. Apes +and swine! However, I will do as others do, if I please. I will be as +drunk as they, when I see good. I am my own master, and it would be no +kind of harm." + +"No harm! why, is it no harm to become an ape or a hog?" + +"You don't take just views of human nature," answered Juba, with a +self-satisfied air. "Our first duty is to seek our own happiness. If a man +thinks it happier to be a hog, why, let him be a hog," and he laughed. +"This is where you are narrow-minded. I shall seek my own happiness, and +try this way, if I please." + +"Happiness!" cried Agellius; "where have you been picking up all this +stuff? Can you call such detestable filth happiness?" + +"What do you know about such matters?" asked Juba. "Did you ever see them? +Did you ever try them? You would be twice the man you are if you had. You +will not be a man till you do. You are carried off your legs in your own +way. I'd rather get drunk every day than fall down on all fours as you do, +crawling on your stomach like a worm, and whining like a hound that has +been beaten." + +"Now, as I live, you shan't stop here one instant longer!" cried out +Agellius, starting up. "Be off with you! get away! what do you come here +to blaspheme for? who wants you? who asked for you? Go! go, I say! take +yourself off! Why don't you go? Keep your ribaldry for others." + +"I am as good as you any day," said Juba. + +"I don't set myself up," answered Agellius, "but it's impossible to +confound Christian and unbeliever as you do." + +"Christian and unbeliever!" said Juba, slowly. "I suppose, when they are +a-courting each other, they _are_ confounded." He looked hard at Agellius, +as if he thought he had hit a blot. Then he continued, "If I _were_ a +Christian, I'd be so in earnest: else I'd be an honest heathen." + +Agellius coloured somewhat, and sat down, as if under embarrassment. + +"I despise you," said Juba; "you have not the pluck to be a Christian. Be +consistent, and fizz upon a stake; but you're not made of that stuff. +You're even afraid of uncle. Nay, you can be caught by those painted +wares, about which, when it suits your purpose, you can be so grave. I +despise you," he continued, "I despise you, and the whole kit of you. +What's the difference between you and another? Your people say, 'Earth's a +vanity, life's a dream, riches a deceit, pleasure a snare. Fratres +charissimi, the time is short;' but who love earth and life and riches and +pleasure better than they? You are all of you as fond of the world, as set +upon gain, as chary of reputation, as ambitious of power, as the jolly old +heathen, who, you say, is going the way of the pit." + +"It is one thing to have a conscience," answered Agellius; "another thing +to act upon it. The conscience of these poor people is darkened. You had a +conscience once." + +"Conscience, conscience," said Juba. "Yes, certainly, once I had a +conscience. Yes, and once I had a bad chill, and went about chattering and +shivering; and once I had a game leg, and then I went limping; and so, you +see, I once on a time had a conscience. O yes, I have had many consciences +before now--white, black, yellow, and green; they were all bad; but they +are all gone, and now I have none." + +Agellius said nothing; his one wish, as may be supposed, was to get rid of +so unwelcome a visitor. + +"The truth is," continued Juba, with the air of a teacher--"the truth is, +that religion was a fashion with me, which is now gone by. It was the +complexion of a particular stage of my life. I was neither the better nor +the worse for it. It was an accident, like the bloom on my face, which +soon," he said, spreading his fingers over his dirty-coloured cheeks, and +stroking them, "which soon will disappear. I acted according to the +feeling, while it lasted; but I can no more recall it than my first teeth, +or the down on my chin. It's among the things that were." + +Agellius still keeping silence from weariness and disgust, he looked at +him in a significant way, and said, slowly, "I see how it is; I have +penetration enough to perceive that you don't believe a bit more about +religion than I do." + +"You must not say that under my roof," cried Agellius, feeling he must not +let his brother's charge pass without a protest. "Many are my sins, but +unbelief is not one of them." + +Juba tossed his head. "I think I can see through a stone slab as well as +any one," he said. "It is as I have said; but you're too proud to confess +it. It's part of your hypocrisy." + +"Well," said Agellius coldly, "let's have done. It's getting late, Juba; +you'll be missed at home. Jucundus will be inquiring for you, and some of +those revelling friends of yours may do you a mischief by the way. Why, my +good fellow," he continued, in surprise, "you have no leggings. The +scorpions will catch hold of you to a certainty in the dark. Come, let me +tie some straw wisps about you." + +"No fear of scorpions for me," answered Juba; "I have some real good +amulets for the occasion, which even _boola-kog_ and _uffah_ will +respect." + +Saying this, he passed out of the room as unceremoniously as he had +entered it, and took the direction of the city, talking to himself, and +singing snatches of wild airs as he went along, throwing back and shaking +his head, and now and then uttering a sharp internal laugh. Disdaining to +follow the ordinary path, he dived down into the thick and wet grass, and +scrambled through the ravine, which the public road crossed before it +ascended the hill. Meanwhile he accompanied his quickened pace with a +louder strain, and it ran as follows:-- + + "The little black Moor is the mate for me, + When the night is dark, and the earth is free, + Under the limbs of the broad yew-tree. + + "'Twas Father Cham that planted that yew, + And he fed it fat with the bloody dew + Of a score of brats, as his lineage grew. + + "Footing and flaunting it, all in the night, + Each lock flings fire, each heel strikes light; + No lamps need they, whose breath is bright." + +Here he was interrupted by a sudden growl, which sounded almost under his +feet, and some wild animal was seen to slink away. Juba showed no +surprise; he had taken out a small metal idol, and whispering some words +to it, had presented it to the animal. He clambered up the bank, gained +the city gate, and made his way for his uncle's dwelling, which was near +the temple of Astarte. + + + + + + CHAPTER V. + + + JUCUNDUS AT SUPPER. + + +The house of Jucundus was closed for the night when Juba reached it, or +you would see, were you his companion, that it was one of the most showy +shops in Sicca. It was the image-store of the place, and set out for sale, +not articles of statuary alone, but of metal, of mosaic work, and of +jewellery, as far as they were dedicated to the service of paganism. It +was bright with the many colours adopted in the embellishment of images, +and the many lights which silver and gold, brass and ivory, alabaster, +gypsum, talc, and glass reflected. Shelves and cabinets were laden with +wares; both the precious material, and the elaborated trinket. All tastes +were suited, the popular and the refined, the fashion of the day and the +love of the antique, the classical and the barbarian devotion. There you +might see the rude symbols of invisible powers, which, originating in +deficiency of art, had been perpetuated by reverence for the past: the +mysterious cube of marble sacred among the Arabs, the pillar which was the +emblem of Mercury or Bacchus, the broad-based cone of Heliogabalus, the +pyramid of Paphos, and the tile or brick of Juno. + +There, too, were the unmeaning blocks of stone with human heads, which +were to be dressed out in rich robes, and to simulate the human form. +There were other articles besides, as portable as these were unmanageable: +little Junos, Mercuries, Dianas, and Fortunas, for the bosom or the +girdle. Household gods were there, and the objects of personal devotion: +Minerva or Vesta, with handsome niches or shrines in which they might +reside. There, too, were the brass crowns, or _nimbi_ which were intended +to protect the heads of the gods from bats and birds. There you might buy, +were you a heathen, rings with heads on them of Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, +Serapis, and above all Astarte. You would find there the rings and signets +of the Basilidians; amulets too of wood or ivory: figures of demons, +preternaturally ugly; little skeletons, and other superstitious devices. +It would be hard, indeed, if you could not be pleased, whatever your +religious denomination--unless indeed you were determined to reject all the +appliances and objects of idolatry indiscriminately--and in that case you +would rejoice that it was night when you arrived there, and, in +particular, that darkness swallowed up other appliances and objects of +pagan worship, which to darkness were due by a particular title, and by +darkness were best shrouded, till the coming of that day when all things, +good and evil, shall be made light. + +The shop, as we have said, was closed, concealed from view by large +lumbering shutters, and made secure by heavy bars of wood. So we must +enter by the passage or vestibule on the right side, and that will conduct +us into a modest _atrium_, with an _impluvium_ on one side, and on the +other the _triclinium_ or supper-room, backing the shop. Jucundus had been +pleasantly engaged in a small supper-party; and, mindful that a +_symposium_ should lie within the number of the Graces and of the Muses, +he had confined his guests to two, the young Greek Aristo, who was one of +his principal artists, and Cornelius the son of a freedman of a Roman of +distinction, who had lately got a place in one of the _scrinia_ of the +proconsular _officium_, and had migrated into the province from the +imperial city where he had spent his best days. + +The dinner had not been altogether suitable to modern ideas of good +living. The grapes from Tacape, and the dates from the lake Tritonis, the +white and black figs, the nectarines and peaches, and the watermelons, +address themselves to the imagination of an Englishman, as well as of an +African of the third century. So also might the liquor derived from the +sap or honey of the Getulian palm, and the sweet wine, called _melilotus_, +made from the poetical fruit found upon the coast of the Syrtis. He would +have been struck, too, with the sweetness of the mutton; but he would have +asked what the sheep's tails were before he tasted them, and found how +like marrow the firm substance ate of which they consisted. He would have +felt he ought to admire the roes of mullets, pressed and dried, from +Mauritania; but he would have thought twice before he tried the lion +cutlets though they had the flavour of veal, and the additional _got_ of +being imperial property, and poached from a preserve. But when he saw the +indigenous dish, the very haggis and cock-a-leekie of Africa, in the shape +of--(alas! alas! it _must_ be said, with whatever apology for its +introduction)--in shape, then, of a delicate puppy, served up with +tomatoes, with its head between its fore-paws, we consider he would have +risen from the unholy table, and thought he had fallen upon the +hospitality of some sorceress of the neighbouring forest. However, to that +festive board our Briton was not invited, for he had some previous +engagement that evening, either of painting himself with woad, or of +hiding himself to the chin in the fens; so that nothing occurred to +disturb the harmony of the party, and the good humour and easy +conversation which was the effect of such excellent cheer. + +Cornelius had been present at the Secular Games in the foregoing year, and +was full of them, of Rome, and of himself in connection with it, as became +so genuine a cockney of the imperial period. He was full of the high +patriotic thoughts which so solemn a celebration had kindled within him. +"O great Rome!" he said, "thou art first, and there is no second. In that +wonderful pageant which these eyes saw last year was embodied her majesty, +was promised her eternity. We die, she lives. I say, _let_ a man die. It's +well for him to take hemlock, or open a vein, after having seen the +Secular Games. What was there to live for? I felt it; life was gone; its +best gifts flat and insipid after that great day. Excellent--Tauromenian, I +suppose? We know it in Rome. Fill up my cup. I drink to the genius of the +emperor." + +He was full of his subject, and soon resumed it. "Fancy the Campus Martius +lighted up from one end to the other. It was the finest thing in the +world. A large plain, covered, not with streets, not with woods, but +broken and crossed with superb buildings in the midst of groves, avenues +of trees, and green grass, down to the water's edge. There's nothing that +isn't there. Do you want the grandest temples in the world, the most +spacious porticoes, the longest racecourses? there they are. Do you want +_gymnasia_? there they are. Do you want arches, statues, obelisks? you +find them there. There you have at one end the stupendous mausoleum of +Augustus, cased with white marble, and just across the river the huge +towering mound of Hadrian. At the other end you have the noble Pantheon of +Agrippa, with its splendid Syracusan columns, and its dome glittering with +silver tiles. Hard by are the baths of Alexander, with their beautiful +groves. Ah! my good friend! I shall have no time to drink if I go on. +Beyond are the numerous chapels and fanes which fringe the base of the +Capitoline hill; the tall column of Antoninus comes next, with its +adjacent basilica, where is kept the authentic list of the provinces of +the empire, and of the governors, each a king in power and dominion, who +are sent out to them. Well, I am now only beginning. Fancy, I say, this +magnificent region all lighted up; every temple to and fro, every bath, +every grove, gleaming with innumerable lamps and torches. No, not even the +gods of Olympus have anything that comes near it. Rome is the greatest of +all divinities. In the dead of night all was alive; then it was, when +nature sleeps exhausted, Rome began the solemn sacrifices to commemorate +her thousand years. On the banks of the Tiber, which had seen neas land, +and Romulus ascend to the gods, the clear red flame shot up as the victims +burned. The music of ten thousand horns and flutes burst forth, and the +sacred dances began upon the greensward. I am too old to dance; but, I +protest, even I stood up and threw off. We danced through three nights, +dancing the old millenary out, dancing the new millenary in. We were all +Romans, no strangers, no slaves. It was a solemn family feast, the feast +of all the Romans." + +"Then we came in for the feast," said Aristo; "for Caracalla gave Roman +citizenship to all freemen all over the world. We are all of us Romans, +recollect, Cornelius." + +"Ah! that was another matter--a condescension," answered Cornelius. "Yes, +in a certain sense, I grant it; but it was a political act." + +"I warrant you," retorted Aristo, "most political. We were to be fleeced, +do you see? so your imperial government made us Romans, that we might have +the taxes of Romans, and that in addition to our own. You've taxed us +double; and as for the privilege of citizenship, much it is, by Hercules, +when every snob has it who can wear a _pileus_ or cherish his hair." + +"Ah! but you should have seen the procession from the Capitol," continued +Cornelius, "on, I think, the second day; from the Capitol to the Circus, +all down the Via Sacra. Hosts of strangers there, and provincials from the +four corners of the earth, but not in the procession. There you saw, all +in one _coup-d'oeil_, the real good blood of Rome, the young blood of the +new generation, and promise of the future; the sons of patrician and +consular families, of imperators, orators, conquerors, statesmen. They +rode at the head of the procession, fine young fellows, six abreast; and +still more of them on foot. Then came the running horses and the chariots, +the boxers, the wrestlers, and other combatants, all ready for the +competition. The whole school of gladiators then turned out, boys and all, +with their masters, dressed in red tunics, and splendidly armed. They +formed three bands, and they went forward gaily, dancing and singing the +Pyrrhic. By-the-bye, a thousand pair of gladiators fought during the +games--a round thousand, and such clean-made, well-built fellows, and they +came against each other so gallantly! You should have see it; _I_ can't go +through it. There was a lot of satyrs, jumping and frisking, in burlesque +of the martial dances which preceded them. There was a crowd of trumpeters +and horn-blowers; ministers of the sacrifices with their victims, bulls +and rams, dressed up with gay wreaths; drivers, butchers, haruspices, +heralds; images of gods with their cars of ivory or silver, drawn by tame +lions and elephants. I can't recollect the order. O! but the grandest +thing of all was the Carmen, sung by twenty-seven noble youths, and as +many noble maidens, taken for the purpose from the bosoms of their +families to propitiate the gods of Rome. The flamens, augurs, colleges of +priests, it was endless. Last of all came the emperor himself." + +"That's the late man," observed Jucundus, "Philip; no bad riddance his +death, if all's true that's said of him." + +"All emperors are good in their time and way," answered Cornelius; "Philip +was good then, and Decius is good now;--whom the gods preserve!" + +"True," said Aristo, "I understand; an emperor cannot do wrong, except in +dying, and then everything goes wrong with him. His death is his first bad +deed; he ought to be ashamed of it; it somehow turns all his great virtues +into vices." + +"Ah! no one was so good an emperor as our man, Gordianus," said Jucundus, +"a princely old man, living and dead; patron of trade and of the arts; +such villas! he had enormous revenues. Poor old gentleman! and his son +too. I never shall forget the day when the news came that he was gone. Let +me see, it was shortly after that old fool Strabo's death--I mean my +brother; a good thirteen years ago. All Africa was in tears; there was no +one like Gordianus." + +"That's old world philosophy," said Aristo; "Jucundus, you must go to +school. Don't you see that all that is, is right; and all that was, is +wrong? 'Te nos facimus, Fortuna, deam,' says your poet; well, I drink 'to +the fortunes of Rome,'--while it lasts." + +"You're a young man," answered Cornelius, "a very young man, and a Greek. +Greeks never understand Rome. It's most difficult to understand us. It's a +science. Look at this medal, young gentleman; it was one of those struck +at the games. Is it not grand? 'Novum sculum,' and on the reverse, +'ternitati.' Always changing, always imperishable. Emperors rise and +fall; Rome remains. The eternal city! Isn't this good philosophy?" + +"Truly, a most beautiful medal," said Aristo, examining it, and handing it +on to his host. "You might make an amulet of it, Jucundus. But as to +eternity, why, that is a very great word; and, if I mistake not, other +states have been eternal before Rome. Ten centuries is a very respectable +eternity; be content, Rome is eternal already, and may die without +prejudice to the medal." + +"Blaspheme not," replied Cornelius: "Rome is healthier, more full of life, +and promises more, than at any former time, you may rely upon it. 'Novum +sculum!' she has the age of the eagle, and will but cast her feathers to +begin a fresh thousand." + +"But Egypt," interposed Aristo, "if old Herodotus speaks true, scarcely +had a beginning. Up and up, the higher you go, the more dynasties of +Egyptian kings do you find. And we hear strange reports of the nations in +the far east, beyond the Ganges." + +"But I tell you, man," rejoined Cornelius, "Rome is a city of kings. That +one city, in this one year, has as many kings at once as those of all the +kings of all the dynasties of Egypt put together. Sesostris, and the rest +of them, what are they to imperators, prefects, proconsuls, _vicarii_, and +_rationales_? Look back at Lucullus, Csar, Pompey, Sylla, Titus, Trajan. +What's old Cheops' pyramid to the Flavian amphitheatre? What is the +many-gated Thebes to Nero's golden house, while it was? What the grandest +palace of Sesostris or Ptolemy but a second-rate villa of any one of ten +thousand Roman citizens? Our houses stand on acres of ground, they ascend +as high as the Tower of Babylon; they swarm with columns like a forest; +they pullulate into statues and pictures. The walls, pavements, and +ceilings are dazzling from the lustre of the rarest marble, red and +yellow, green and mottled. Fountains of perfumed water shoot aloft from +the floor, and fish swim in rocky channels round about the room, waiting +to be caught and killed for the banquet. We dine; and we feast on the head +of the ostrich, the brains of the peacock, the liver of the bream, the +milk of the murena, and the tongue of the flamingo. A flight of doves, +nightingales, beccaficoes are concentrated into one dish. On great +occasions we eat a phoenix. Our saucepans are of silver, our dishes of +gold, our vases of onyx, and our cups of precious stones. Hangings and +carpets of Tyrian purple are around us and beneath us, and we lie on ivory +couches. The choicest wines of Greece and Italy crown our goblets, and +exotic flowers crown our heads. In come troops of dancers from Lydia, or +pantomimes from Alexandria, to entertain both eye and mind; or our noble +dames and maidens take a place at our tables; they wash in asses' milk, +they dress by mirrors as large as fish-ponds, and they glitter from head +to foot with combs, brooches, necklaces, collars, ear-rings, armlets, +bracelets, finger-rings, girdles, stomachers, and anklets, all of diamond +and emerald. Our slaves may be counted by thousands, and they come from +all parts of the world. Everything rare and precious is brought to Rome: +the gum of Arabia, the nard of Assyria, the papyrus of Egypt, the +citron-wood of Mauretania, the bronze of gina, the pearls of Britain, the +cloth of gold of Phrygia, the fine webs of Cos, the embroidery of Babylon, +the silks of Persia, the lion-skins of Getulia, the wool of Miletus, the +plaids of Gaul. Thus we live, an imperial people, who do nothing but enjoy +themselves and keep festival the whole year; and at length we die--and then +we burn: we burn--in stacks of cinnamon and cassia, and in shrouds of +_asbestos_, making emphatically a good end of it. Such are we Romans, a +great people. Why, we are honoured wherever we go. There's my master, +there's myself; as we came here from Italy, I protest we were nearly +worshipped as demi-gods." + +"And perhaps some fine morning," said Aristo, "Rome herself will burn in +cinnamon and cassia, and in all her burnished Corinthian brass and scarlet +bravery, the old mother following her children to the funeral pyre. One +has heard something of Babylon, and its drained moat, and the soldiers of +the Persian." + +A pause occurred in the conversation as one of Jucundus's slaves entered +with fresh wine, larger goblets, and a vase of snow from the Atlas. + + + + + + CHAPTER VI. + + + GOTHS AND CHRISTIANS. + + +Cornelius was full of his subject, and did not attend to the Greek. "The +wild-beasts hunts," he continued, "ah, those hunts during the games, +Aristo! they were a spectacle for the gods. Twenty-two elephants, ten +panthers, ten hynas (by-the-bye, a new beast, not strange, however, to +you here, I suppose), ten camelopards, a hippopotamus, a rhinoceros--I +can't go through the list. Fancy the circus planted throughout for the +occasion, and turned into a park, and then another set of wild animals, +Getes and Sarmatians, Celts and Goths, sent in against them, to hunt down, +capture and kill them, or to be killed themselves." + +"Ah, the Goths!" answered Aristo; "those fellows give you trouble, though, +now and then. Perhaps they will give you more. There is a report in the +prtorium to-day that they have crossed the Danube." + +"Yes, they _will_ give us trouble," said Cornelius, drily; "they _have_ +given us trouble, and they will give us more. The Samnites gave us +trouble, and our friends of Carthage here, and Jugurtha, and Mithridates; +trouble, yes, that is the long and the short of it; they will give us +trouble. Is trouble a new thing to Rome?" he asked, stretching out his +arm, as if he were making a speech after dinner, and giving a toast. + +"The Goths give trouble, and take a bribe," retorted Aristo; "this is what +trouble means in their case: it's a troublesome fellow who hammers at our +door till we pay his reckoning. It is troublesome to raise the means to +buy them off. And the example of these troublesome savages is catching; it +was lately rumoured that the Carpians had been asking the same terms for +keeping quiet." + +"It would ill become the majesty of Rome to soil her fingers with the +blood of such vermin," said Cornelius; "she ignores them." + +"And therefore she most majestically bleeds us instead," answered Aristo, +"that she may have treasure to give them. We are not so troublesome as +they; the more's the pity. No offence to you, however, or to the emperor, +or to great Rome, Cornelius. We are over our cups; it's only a game of +politics, you know, like chess or the _cottabus_. Maro bids you 'parcere +subjectis, et debellare superbos;' but you have changed your manners. You +coax the Goths and bully the poor African." + +"Africa can show fight, too," interposed Jucundus, who had been calmly +listening and enjoying his own wine; "witness Thysdrus. That was giving +every rapacious Qustor a lesson that he may go too far, and find a dagger +when he demands a purse." + +He was alluding to the revolt of Africa, which led to the downfall of the +tyrant Maximin and the exaltation of the Gordians, when the native +landlords armed their peasantry, killed the imperial officer, and raised +the standard of rebellion in the neighbouring town from impatience of +exactions under which they suffered. + +"No offence, I say, Cornelius, no offence to eternal Rome," said Aristo, +"but you have explained to us why you weigh so heavy on us. I've always +heard it was a fortune at Rome for a man to have found out a new tax. +Vespasian did his best; but now you tax our smoke, and our very shadow; +and Pescennius threatened to tax the air we breathe. We'll play at +riddles, and you shall solve the following:--Say who is she that eats her +own limbs, and grows eternal upon them? Ah, the Goths will take the +measure of her eternity!" + +"The Goths!" said Jucundus, who was warming into conversational life, "the +Goths! no fear of the Goths; but," and he nodded significantly, "look at +home; we have more to fear indoors than abroad." + +"He means the prtorians," said Cornelius to Aristo, condescendingly; "I +grant you that there have been several untoward affairs; we have had our +problem, but it's a thing of the past, it never can come again. I venture +to say that the power of the prtorians is at an end. That murder of the +two emperors the other day was the worst job they ever did; it has turned +the public opinion of the whole world against them. I have no fear of the +prtorians." + +"I don't mean prtorians more than Goths," said Jucundus; "no, give me the +old weapons, the old maxims of Rome, and I defy the scythe of Saturn. Do +the soldiers march under the old ensign? do they swear by the old gods? do +they interchange the good old signals and watchwords? do they worship the +fortune of Rome; then I say we are safe. But do we take to new ways? do we +trifle with religion? do we make light of Jupiter, Mars, Romulus, the +augurs, and the ancilia? then I say, not all our shows and games, our +elephants, hynas, and hippopotamuses, will do us any good. It was not the +best thing, no, not the best thing that the soldiers did, when they +invested that Philip with the purple. But he is dead and gone." And he sat +up and leant on his elbow. + +"Ah! but it will be all set right now," said Cornelius, "_you'll_ see." + +"He'd be a reformer, that Philip," continued Jucundus, "and put down an +enormity. Well, they call it an enormity; let it be an enormity. He'd put +it down; but why? there's the point; why? It's no secret at all," and his +voice grew angry, "that that hoary-headed Atheist Fabian was at the bottom +of it; Fabian, the Christian. I hate reforms." + +"Well, we had long wished to do it," answered Cornelius, "but could not +manage it. Alexander attempted it near twenty years ago. It's what +philosophers have always aimed at." + +"The gods consume philosophers and the Christians together!" said Jucundus +devoutly. "There's little to choose between them, except that the +Christians are the filthier animal of the two. But both are ruining the +most glorious political structure that the world ever saw. I am not +over-fond of Alexander either." + +"Thank you in the name of philosophy," said the Greek. + +"And thank you in the name of the Christians," chimed in Juba. + +"That's good!" cried Jucundus; "the first word that hopeful youth has +spoken since he came in, and he takes on him to call himself a Christian." + +"I've a right to do so, if I choose," said Juba; "I've a right to be a +Christian." + +"Right! O yes, right! ha, ha!" answered Jucundus, "right! Jove help the +lad! by all manner of means. Of course, you have a right to go _in malam +rem_ in whatever way you please." + +"I am my own master," said Juba; "my father was a Christian. I suppose it +depends on myself to follow him or not, according to my fancy, and as long +as I think fit." + +"Fancy! think fit!" answered Jucundus, "you pompous little mule! Yes, go +and be a Christian, my dear child, as your doting father went. Go, like +him, to the priest of their mysteries; be spit on, stripped, dipped; feed +on little boys' marrow and brains; worship the ass; and learn all the foul +magic of the sect. And then be delated and taken up, and torn to shreds on +the rack, or thrown to the lions and so go to Tartarus, if Tartarus there +be, in the way you think fit. You'll harm none but yourself, my boy. I +don't fear such as you, but the deeper heads." + +Juba stood up with a look of offended dignity, and, as on former +occasions, tossed the head which had been by implication disparaged. "I +despise you," he said. + +"Well, but you are hard on the Christians," said Aristo. "I have heard +them maintain that their superstition, if adopted, would be the salvation +of Rome. They maintain that the old religion is gone or going out; that +something new is wanted to keep the empire together; and that their +worship is just fitted to the times." + +"All I say to the vipers," said Jucundus, "is, 'Let well alone. We did +well enough without you; we did well enough till you sprang up.' A plague +on their insolence; as if Jew or Egyptian could do aught for us when Numa +and the Sibyl fail. That is what I say, Let Rome be true to herself and +nothing can harm her; let her shift her foundation, and I would not buy +her for this water-melon," he said, taking a suck at it. "Rome alone can +harm Rome. Recollect old Horace, 'Suis et ipsa Roma viribus ruit.' He was +a prophet. If she falls, it is by her own hand." + +"I agree," said Cornelius; "certainly, to set up any new worship is +treason; not a doubt of it. The gods keep us from such ingratitude! We +have grown great by means of them, and they are part and parcel of the law +of Rome. But there is no great chance of our forgetting this; Decius +won't; that's a fact. You will see. Time will show; perhaps to-morrow, +perhaps next day," he added, mysteriously. + +"Why in the world should you have this frantic dread of these poor +scarecrows of Christians," said Aristo, "all because they hold an opinion? +Why are you not afraid of the bats and the moles? It's an opinion: there +have been other opinions before them, and there will be other opinions +after. Let them alone and they'll die away; make a hubbub about them and +they'll spread." + +"Spread?" cried Jucundus, who was under the twofold excitement of personal +feeling and of wine, "spread, they'll spread? yes, they'll spread. Yes, +grow, like scorpions, twenty at a birth. The country already swarms with +them; they are as many as frogs or grasshoppers; they start up everywhere +under one's nose, when one least expects them. The air breeds them like +plague-flies; the wind drifts them like locusts. No one's safe; any one +may be a Christian; it's an epidemic. Great Jove! _I_ may be a Christian +before I know where I am. Heaven and earth! is it not monstrous?" he +continued, with increasing fierceness. "Yes, Jucundus, my poor man, you +may wake and find yourself a Christian, without knowing it, against your +will. Ah! my friends, pity me! I may find myself a beast, and obliged to +suck blood and live among the tombs as if I liked it, without power to +tell you how I loathe it, all through their sorcery. By the genius of Rome +something must be done. I say, no one is safe. You call on your friend; he +is sitting in the dark, unwashed, uncombed, undressed. What is the matter? +Ah! his son has turned Christian. Your wedding-day is fixed, you are +expecting your bride; she does not come; why? she will not have you; she +has become a Christian. Where's young Nomentanus? Who has seen Nomentanus? +in the forum, or the campus, in the circus, in the bath? Has he caught the +plague or got a sunstroke? Nothing of the kind; the Christians have caught +hold of him. Young and old, rich and poor, my lady in her litter and her +slave, modest maid and Lydia at the Therm, nothing comes amiss to them. +All confidence is gone; there's no one we can reckon on. I go to my +tailor's: 'Nergal,' I say to him, 'Nergal, I want a new tunic,' The +wretched hypocrite bows, and runs to and fro, and unpacks his stuffs and +cloths, like another man. A word in your ear. The man's a Christian, +dressed up like a tailor. They have no dress of their own. If I were +emperor, I'd make the sneaking curs wear a badge, I would; a dog's collar, +a fox's tail, or a pair of ass's ears. Then we should know friends from +foes when we meet them." + +"We should think that dangerous," said Cornelius; "however, you are taking +it too much to heart; you are making too much of them, my good friend. +They have not even got the present, and you are giving them the future, +which is just what they want." + +"If Jucundus will listen to me," said Aristo, "I could satisfy him that +the Christians are actually falling off. They once were numerous in this +very place; now there are hardly any. They have been declining for these +fifty years; the danger from them is past. Do you want to know how to +revive them? Put out an imperial edict, forbid them, denounce them. Do you +want them to drop away like autumn leaves? Take no notice of them." + +"I can't deny that in Italy they _have_ grown," said Cornelius; "they +_have_ grown in numbers and in wealth, and they intermarry with us. Thus +the upper class becomes to a certain extent infected. We may find it +necessary to repress them; but, as you would repress vermin, without +fearing them." + +"The worshippers of the gods are the many, and the Christians are the +few," persisted Aristo; "if the two parties intermarry, the weaker will +get the worst of it. You will find the statues of the gods gradually +creeping back into the Christian chapel; and a man must be an honest +fellow who buys our images, eh, Jucundus?" + +"Well, Aristo," said the paterfamilias, whose violence never lasted long, +"if your sister's bright eyes win back my poor Agellius you will have +something more to say for yourself than, at present, I grant." + +"I see," said Cornelius, gravely, "I begin to understand it. I could not +make out why our good host had such great fear for the stability of Rome. +But it is one of those things which the experience of life has taught me. +I have often seen it in the imperial city itself. Whenever you find a man +show special earnestness against these fanatics, depend on it there is +something that touches him personally in the matter. There was a very +great man, the present Flamen Dialis, for whom I have unbounded respect; +for a long time I was at a loss to conceive why a person of his weight, +sound, sensible, well-judging, should have such a fear of the Christians. +One day he made an oration against them in the senate-house; he wanted to +send them to the rack. But the secret came out; the good man was on the +rack himself about his daughter, who persisted in calling herself a +Christian, and refused to paint her face or go to the amphitheatre. To be +sure, a most trying affair this for the old gentleman. The venerable Pater +Patratus, too, what suppers he gave! a fine specimen of the Lucullus type; +yet he was always advocating the lictor and the _commentariensis_ in the +instance of the Christian. No wonder; his wife and son were disgracing him +in the eyes of the whole world by frequenting the meetings of these +Christians. However, I agree with Decius, they must be put down. They are +not formidable, but they are an eyesore." + +Here the rushing of the water-clock which measured time in the +neighbouring square, ceased, signifying thereby that the night was getting +on. Juba had already crept into the dark closet which served him for a +sleeping-place; had taken off his sandals, and loosened his belt; had +wrapt the serpent he had about him round his neck, and was breathing +heavily. Jucundus made the parting libation, and Cornelius took his leave. +Aristo rose too; and Jucundus, accompanying them to the entrance, paid the +not uncommon penalty of his potations, for the wine mounted to his head, +and he returned into the room, and sat him down again with an impression +that Aristo was still at table. + +"My dear boy," he said, "Agellius is but a wet Christian; that's all, not +obstinate, like his brother there. 'Twas his father; the less we say about +him the better; he's gone. The Furies make his bed for him! an odious set! +Their priests, little ugly men. I saw one when I was a boy at Carthage. So +unlike your noble Roman Saliares, or your fine portly priest of Isis, clad +in white, breathing odours like spring flowers; men who enjoyed this life, +not like that sour hypocrite. He was as black as an Ethiopian, and as +withered as a Saracen, and he never looked you in the face. And, after +all, the fellow must die for his religion, rather than put a few grains of +golden incense on the altar of great Jove. Jove's the god for me; a +glorious, handsome, curly god--but they are all good, all the gods are +good. There's Bacchus, he's a good, comfortable god, though a sly, +treacherous fellow--a treacherous fellow. There's Ceres, too; Pomona; the +Muses; Astarte, too, as they call her here; all good;--and Apollo, though +he's somewhat too hot in this season, and too free with his bow. He gave +me a bad fever once. Ah! life's precious, most precious; so I felt it +then, when I was all but gone to Pluto. Life never returns, it's like +water spilt; you can't gather it up. It is dispersed into the elements, to +the four winds. Ah! there's something more there than I can tell; more +than all your philosophers can determine." + +He seemed to think awhile, and began again: "Enjoyment's the great rule; +ask yourself, 'Have I made the most of things?' that's what I say to the +rising generation. Many and many's the time when I have not turned them to +the best account. Oh, if I had now to begin life again, how many things +should I correct! I might have done better this evening. Those abominable +pears! I might have known they would not be worth the eating. Mutton, that +was all well; doves, good again; crane, kid; well, I don't see that I +could have done much better." + +After a few minutes he got up half asleep, and put out all the lights but +one small lamp, with which he made his way into his own bed-closet. "All +is vanity," he continued, with a slow, grave utterance, "all is vanity but +eating and drinking. It does not pay to serve the gods except for this. +What's fame? what's glory? what's power? smoke. I've often thought the hog +is the only really wise animal. We should be happier if we were all hogs. +Hogs keep the end of life steadily in view; that's why those toads of +Christians will not eat them, lest they should get like them. Quiet, +respectable, sensible enjoyment; not riot, or revel, or excess, or +quarrelling. Life is short." And with this undeniable sentiment he fell +asleep. + + + + + + CHAPTER VII. + + + PERSECUTION IN THE OFFING. + + +Next morning, as Jucundus was dusting and polishing his statues and other +articles of taste and devotion, supplying the gaps in their ranks, and +grouping a number of new ones which had come in from his workmen, Juba +strutted into the shop, and indulged himself from time to time in an +inward laugh or snigger at the various specimens of idolatry which grinned +or frowned or frisked or languished on all sides of him. + +"Don't sneer at that Anubis," said his uncle; "it is the work of the +divine Callista." + +"That, I suppose, is why she brings into existence so many demons," +answered Juba; "nothing more can be done in the divine line; like the +queen who fell in love with a baboon." + +"Now I come to think," retorted Jucundus, "that god of hers is something +like _you_. She must be in love with you, Juba." + +The youth, as was usual with him, tossed his head with an air of lofty +displeasure; at length he said, "And why should she not fall in love with +me, pray?" + +"Why, because you are too good or too bad to need her plastic hand. She +could not make anything out of you. 'Non ex quovis ligno.' But she'd be +doing a good work if she wiled back your brother." + +"_He_ does not want wiling any more than I," said Juba, "_I_ dare say! +he's no Christian." + +"What's that?" said his uncle, looking round at him in surprise; "Agellius +no Christian?" + +"Not a bit of it," answered Juba; "rest assured. I taxed him with it only +last night; let him alone, _he'll_ come round. He's too proud to change, +that's all. Preach to him, entreat him, worry him, try to turn him, work +at the bit, whip him, and he will turn restive, start aside, or run away; +but let him have his head, pretend not to look, seem indifferent to the +whole matter, and he will quietly sit down in the midst of your images +there. Callista has an easy task; she'll bribe him to do what he would +else do for nothing." + +"The very best news I have heard since your silly old father died," cried +Jucundus; "the very best--if true. Juba, I'll give you an handsome present +the first sow your brother sacrifices to Ceres. Ha, ha, what fine fun to +see the young farmer over his cups at the Nundin! Ha, ha, no Christian! +bravo, Juba! ha, ha, I'll make you a present, I say, an Apollo to teach +you manners, or a Mercury to give you wit." + +"It's quite true," said Juba; "he would not be thinking of Callista, if he +were thinking of his saints and angels." + +"Ha, ha! to be sure!" returned Jucundus; "to be sure! yet why shouldn't he +worship a handsome Greek girl as well as any of those mummies and death's +heads and bogies of his, which I should blush to put up here alongside +even of Anubis, or a scarabus?" + +"Mother thinks she is not altogether the girl you take her for," said his +nephew. + +"No matter, no matter," answered Jucundus, "no matter at all; she may be a +Lais or Phryne for me; the surer to make a man of him." + +"Why," said Juba, "mother thinks her head is turning in the opposite way. +D'you see? Strange, isn't it?" he added, annoyed himself yet not unwilling +to annoy his uncle. + +"Hm!" exclaimed Jucundus, making a wry face and looking round at him, as +if to say, "What on earth is going to turn up now?" + +"To tell the truth," said Juba, gloomily, "I did once think of her myself. +I don't see why I have not as much right to do so as Agellius, if I +please. So I thought old mother might do something for me; and I asked her +for a charm or love potion, which would bring her from her brother down to +the forest yonder. Gurta took to it kindly, for she has a mortal hatred of +Callista, because of her good looks, though she won't say so, and because +she's a Greek! and she liked the notion of humbling the haughty minx. So +she began one of the most tremendous spells," he shrieked out with a +laugh, "one of the most tremendous spells in her whole budget. All and +everything in the most exact religious way: wine, milk, blood, meal, wax, +old rags, gods, Numidian as well as Punic; such names; one must be +barbarian to boot, as well as witch, to pronounce them: a score of things +there were besides. And then to see the old woman, with her streaming grey +hair, twinkling eyes, and grim look, twirl about as some flute girl at a +banquet; it was enough to dance down, not only the moon, but the whole +milky way. But it did not dance down Callista; at which mother got savage, +and protested that Callista was a Christian." + +Jucundus looked much perplexed. "Medius fidius!" he said, "why, unless we +look sharp, she will be converting him the wrong way;" and he began pacing +up and down the small room. + +Juba on his part began singing-- + + "Gurta the witch would have part in the jest; + Though lame as a gull, by his highness possessed, + She shouldered her crutch, and danced with the rest. + + "Sporting and snorting, deep in the night, + Their beards flashing fire, and their hoofs striking light, + And their tails whisking round in the heat of their flight." + +By this time Jucundus had recovered from the qualm which Juba's +intelligence had caused him, and he cried out, "Cease your rubbish; old +Gurta's jealous; I know her spite; Christian is the most blackguard word +in her vocabulary, its Barbar for toad or adder. I see it all; no, +Callista, the divine Callista, must take in hand this piece of wax, sing a +charm, and mould him into a Vertumnus. She'll show herself the more potent +witch of the two. The new emperor too will help the incantation." + +"What! something is coming?" asked Juba, with a grin. + +"Coming, boy? yes, I warrant you," answered his uncle. "_We'll_ make them +squeak. If gentle means don't do, then we'll just throw in another +ingredient or two: an axe, or a wild cat, or a firebrand." + +"Take care what you are about, if you deal with Agellius," said Juba. +"He's a sawney, but you must not drive him to bay. Don't threaten; keep to +the other line; he's weak-hearted." + +"Only as a background to bring out the painting; the Muse singing, all in +light, relieved by sardix or sepia. It _must_ come; but perhaps Agellius +will come first." + + + +It was indeed as Jucundus had hinted; a new policy, a new era was coming +upon Christianity, together with the new emperor. Christians had hitherto +been for the most part the objects of popular fury rather than of imperial +jealousy. Nero, indeed, from his very love of cruelty, had taken pleasure +in torturing them: but statesmen and philosophers, though at times +perplexed and inconsistent, yet on the whole had despised them; and the +superstition of priests and people, with their "Christianos ad leones," +had been the most formidable enemy of the faith. Accordingly, atrocious as +the persecution had been at times, it had been conducted on no plan, and +had been local and fitful. But even this trial had been suspended, with +but few interruptions, during the last thirty, nay, fifty years. So +favourable a state of things had been more or less brought about by a +succession of emperors, who had shown an actual leaning to Christianity. +While the vigorous rule of the five good emperors, as they are called, had +had many passages in its history of an adverse character, those who +followed after, being untaught in the traditions, and strangers to the +spirit of old Rome, foreigners, or adventurers, or sensualists, were +protectors of the new religion. The favourite mistress of Commodus is even +said to have been a Christian; so is the nurse of Caracalla. The wretched +Heliogabalus, by his taste for Oriental superstitions, both weakened the +influence of the established hierarchy, and encouraged the toleration of a +faith which came from Palestine. The virtuous Alexander, who followed him, +was a philosopher more than a statesman; and, in pursuance of the +syncretism which he had adopted, placed the images of Abraham and our Lord +among the objects of devotion which his private chapel contained. What is +told us of the Emperor Philip is still more to the point: the gravest +authorities report that he was actually a Christian; and, since it cannot +be doubted that Christians were persuaded of the fact, the leaning of his +government must have been emphatically in their favour to account for such +a belief. In consequence, Christians showed themselves without fear; they +emerged from the catacombs, and built churches in public view; and, though +in certain localities, as in the instance of Africa, they had suffered +from the contact of the world, they spread far and wide, and faith became +the instrument at least of political power, even where it was wanting in +charity, or momentarily disowned by cowardice. In a word, though Celsus a +hundred years before had pronounced "a man weak who should hope to unite +the three portions of the earth in a common religion," that common +Catholic faith had been found, and a principle of empire was created which +had never before existed. The phenomenon could not be mistaken; and the +Roman statesman saw he had to deal with a rival. Nor must we suppose, +because on the surface of the history we read so much of the vicissitudes +of imperial power, and of the profligacy of its possessors, that the +fabric of government was not sustained by traditions of the strongest +temper, and by officials of the highest sagacity. It was the age of +lawyers and politicians; and they saw more and more clearly that if +Christianity was not to revolutionize the empire, they must follow out the +line of action which Trajan and Antoninus had pointed out. + +Decius then had scarcely assumed the purple, when he commenced that new +policy against the Church which was reserved to Diocletian, fifty years +later, to carry out to its own final refutation. He entered on his power +at the end of the year 249; and on the January 20th following, the day on +which the Church still celebrates the event, St. Fabian, Bishop of Rome, +obtained the crown of martyrdom. He had been pope for the unusually long +space of fourteen years, having been elected in consequence of one of +those remarkable interpositions of Divine Providence of which we now and +then read in the first centuries of the Church. He had come up to Rome +from the country, in order to be present at the election of a successor to +Pope Anteros. A dove was seen to settle on his head, and the assembly rose +up and forced him, to his surprise, upon the episcopal throne. After +bringing back the relics of St. Pontian, his martyred predecessor, from +Sardinia, and having become the apostle of great part of Gaul, he seemed +destined to end his history in the same happy quiet and obscurity in which +he had lived; but it did not become a pope of that primitive time to die +upon his bed, and he was reserved at length to inaugurate in his own +person, as chief pastor of the Church, a fresh company of martyrs. + +Suddenly an edict appeared for the extermination of the name and religion +of Christ. It was addressed to the proconsuls and other governors of +provinces; and alleged or implied that the emperors, Decius and his son, +being determined to give peace to their subjects, found the Christians +alone an impediment to the fulfilment of their purpose; and that, by +reason of the enmity which those sectaries entertained towards the gods of +Rome,--an enmity which was bringing down upon the world multiplied +misfortunes. Desirous, then, above all things, of appeasing the divine +anger, they made an irrevocable ordinance that every Christian, without +exception of rank, sex, or age, should be obliged to sacrifice. Those who +refused were to be thrown into prison, and in the first instance submitted +to moderate punishments. If they conformed to the established religion, +they were to be rewarded; if not, they were to be drowned, burned alive, +exposed to the beasts, hung upon the trees, or otherwise put to death. +This edict was read in the camp of the prtorians, posted up in the +Capitol, and sent over the empire by government couriers. The authorities +in each province were themselves threatened with heavy penalties, if they +did not succeed in frightening or tormenting the Christians into the +profession of paganism. + +St. Fabian, as we have said, was the first-fruits of the persecution, and +eighteen months passed before his successor could be appointed. In the +course of the next two months St. Pionius was burned alive at Smyrna, and +St. Nestor crucified in Pamphylia. At Carthage some perplexity and delay +were occasioned by the absence of the proconsul. St. Cyprian, its bishop, +took advantage of the delay, and retired into a place of concealment. The +populace had joined with the imperial government in seeking his life, and +had cried out furiously in the circus, demanding him "ad leonem," for the +lion. A panic seized the Christian body, and for a while there were far +more persons found to compromise their faith than to confess it. It seemed +as if Aristo's anticipation was justified, that Christianity was losing +its hold upon the mind of its subjects, and that nothing more was needed +for those who had feared it, than to let it die a natural death. And at +Sicca the Roman officials, as far as ever they dared, seemed to act on +this view. Here Christians did no harm, they made no show, and there was +little or nothing in the place to provoke the anger of the mob or to +necessitate the interference of the magistrate. The proconsul's absence +from Carthage was both an encouragement and an excuse for delay; and hence +it was that, though we are towards the middle of the year 250, and the +edict was published at Rome at its commencement, the good people of Sicca +had, as we have said, little knowledge of what was taking place in the +political world, and whispered about vague presages of an intended +measure, which had been in some places in operation for many months. +Communication with the seat of government was not so very frequent or +rapid in those days, and public curiosity had not been stimulated by the +facilities of gratifying it. And thus we must account for a phenomenon, +which we uphold to be a fact in the instance of Sicca, in the early summer +of A.D. 250, even though it prove unaccountable, and history has nothing +to say about it, and in spite of the _Acta Diurna_. + +The case, indeed, is different now. In these times, newspapers, railroads, +and magnetic telegraphs make us independent of government messengers. The +proceedings at Rome would have been generally and accurately known in a +few seconds; and then, by way of urging forward the magistracy, a question +of course would have been asked in the parliament of Carthage by the +member for Sicca, or Laribus, or Thugga, or by some one of the pagani, or +country party, whether the popular report was true, that an edict had been +promulgated at Rome against the Christians, and what steps had been taken +by the local authorities throughout the proconsulate to carry out its +provisions. And then the "Colonia Siccensis" would have presented some +good or bad reason for the delay: that it arose from the absence of the +proconsul from the seat of government, or from the unaccountable loss of +the despatch on its way from the coast; or, perhaps, on the other hand, +the under-secretary would have maintained, amid the cheers of his +supporters, that the edict had been promulgated and carried out at Sicca +to the full, that crowds of Christians had at once sacrificed, and that, +in short, there was no one to punish; assertions which at that moment were +too likely to be verified by the event. + +In truth, there were many reasons to make the magistrates, both Roman and +native, unwilling to proceed in the matter, till they were obliged. No +doubt they one and all detested Christianity, and would have put it down, +if they could; but the question was, when they came to the point, _what_ +they should put down. If, indeed, they could have got hold of the +ringleaders, the bishops of the Church, they would have tortured and +smashed them _con amore_, as you would kill a wasp; and with the greater +warmth and satisfaction, just because it was so difficult to get at them. +Those bishops were a set of fellows as mischievous as they were cowardly; +they would not come out and be killed, but they skulked in the desert, and +hid in masquerade. But why should gentlemen in office, opulent and happy, +set about worrying a handful of idiots, old, or poor, or boys, or women, +or obscure, or amiable and well-meaning men, who were but a remnant of a +former generation, and as little connected with the fanatics of Carthage, +Alexandria, or Rome, as the English freemasons may seem to be with their +namesakes on the continent? True, Christianity was a secret society, and +an illegal religion; but would it cease to be so when those harmless or +respectable inhabitants of the place had been mounted on the rack or the +gibbet? + +And then, too, it was a most dangerous thing to open the door to popular +excitement;--who would be able to shut it? Once rouse the populace, and it +was all over with the place. It could not be denied that the bigoted and +ignorant majority, not only of the common people, but of the better +classes, was steeped in a bitter prejudice, and an intense, though latent, +hatred of Christianity. Besides the antipathy which arose from the +extremely different views of life and duty taken by pagans and Christians, +which would give a natural impulse to persecution in the hearts of the +former, there were the many persons who wished to curry favour at Rome +with the government, and had an eye to preferment or reward. There was the +pagan interest, extended and powerful, of that numerous class which was +attached to the established religions by habit, position, interest, or the +prospect of advantage. There were all the great institutions or +establishments of the place; the law courts, the schools of grammar and +rhetoric, the philosophic _exedr_ and lecture-rooms, the theatre, the +amphitheatre, the market--all were, for one reason or another, opposed to +Christianity; and who could tell where they would stop in their onward +course, if they were set in motion? "Quieta non movenda" was the motto of +the local government, native and imperial, and that the more, because it +was an age of revolutions, and they might be most unpleasantly compromised +or embarrassed by the direction which the movement took. Besides, Decius +was not immortal; in the last twelve years eight emperors had been cut +off, six of them in a few months; and who could tell but the successor of +the present might revert to the policy of Philip, and feel no thanks to +those who had suddenly left it for a policy of blood. + +In this cautious course they would be powerfully supported by the +influence of personal considerations. The Roman _officia_, the city +magistrates, the heads of the established religions, the lawyers, and the +philosophers, all would have punished the Christians, if they could; but +they could not agree whom to punish. They would have agreed with great +satisfaction, as we have said, to inflict condign and capital punishment +upon the heads of the sect; and they would have had no objection, if +driven to do something, to get hold of some strangers or slaves, who might +be a sort of scapegoats for the rest; but it was impossible, when they +once began to persecute, to make distinctions, and not a few of them had +relations who were Christians, or at least were on that border-land which +the mob might mistake for the domain of Christianity--Marcionites, +Tertullianists, Montanists, or Gnostics. When once the cry of "the gods of +Rome" was fairly up, it would apply to tolerated religions as well as to +illicit, and an unhappy votary of Isis or Mithras might suffer, merely +because there were few Christians forthcoming. A duumvir of the place had +a daughter whom he had turned out of his house for receiving baptism, and +who had taken refuge at Vacca. Several of the decurions, the _tabularius_ +of the district, the _scriba_, one of the exactors, who lived in Sicca, +various of the retired gentry, whom we spoke of in a former chapter, and +various _attachs_ of the prtorium, were in not dissimilar circumstances. +Nay, the priest of Esculapius had a wife, whom he was very fond of, who, +though she promised to keep quiet, if things continued as they were, +nevertheless had the madness to vow that, if there were any severe +proceedings instituted against her people, she would at once come forward, +confess herself a Christian, and throw water, instead of incense, upon the +sacrificial flame. Not to speak of the venerable man's tenderness for her, +such an exposure would seriously compromise his respectability, and, as he +was infirm and apoplectic, it was a question whether Esculapius himself +could save him from the shock which would be the consequence. + +The same sort of feeling operated with our good friend Jucundus. He was +attached to his nephew; but, be it said without disrespect to him, he was +more attached to his own reputation; and, while he would have been +seriously annoyed at seeing Agellius exposed to one of the panthers of the +neighbouring forest, or hung up by the feet, with the blood streaming from +his nose and mouth, as one of the dogs or kids of the market, he would +have disliked the _clat_ of the thing still more. He felt both anger and +alarm at the prospect; he was conscious he did not understand his nephew, +or (to use a common phrase) know where to find him; he was aware that a +great deal of tact was necessary to manage him; and he had an instinctive +feeling that Juba was right in saying that it would not do to threaten him +with the utmost severity of the law. He considered Callista's hold on him +was the most promising quarter of the horizon; so he came to a resolution +to do as little as he could personally, but to hold Agellius's head, as +far as he could, steadily in the direction of that lady, and to see what +came of it. As to Juba's assurance that Agellius was not a Christian at +heart, it was too good news to be true; but still it might be only an +anticipation of what would be, when the sun of Greece shone out upon him, +and dispersed the remaining mists of Oriental superstition. + +In this state of mind the old gentleman determined one afternoon to leave +his shop to the care of a slave, and to walk down to his nephew, to judge +for himself of his state of mind; to bait his hook with Callista, and to +see if Agellius bit. There was no time to be lost, for the publication of +the edict might be made any day; and then disasters might ensue which no +skill could remedy. + + + + + + CHAPTER VIII. + + + THE NEW GENERATION. + + +Jucundus, then, set out to see how the land lay with his nephew, and to do +what he could to prosper the tillage. His way led him by the temple of +Mercury, which at that time subserved the purpose of a boy's school, and +was connected with some academical buildings, the property of the city, +which lay beyond it. It cannot be said that our friend was any warm patron +of literature or education, though he had not neglected the schooling of +his nephews. Letters seemed to him in fact to unsettle the mind; and he +had never known much good come of them. Rhetoricians and philosophers did +not know where they stood, or what were their bearings. They did not know +what they held, and what they did not. He knew his own position perfectly +well, and, though the words "belief" or "knowledge" did not come into his +religious vocabulary, he could at once, without hesitation, state what he +professed and maintained. He stood upon the established order of things, +on the traditions of Rome, and the laws of the empire; but as to Greek +sophists and declaimers, he thought very much as old Cato did about them. +The Greeks were a very clever people, unrivalled in the fine arts; let +them keep to their strong point; they were inimitable with the chisel, the +brush, the trowel, and the fingers; but he was not prepared to think much +of their _calamus_ or _stylus_, poetry excepted. What did they ever do but +subvert received principles without substituting any others? And then they +were so likely to take some odd turn themselves; you never could be sure +of them. Socrates, their patriarch, what was he after all but a culprit, a +convict, who had been obliged to drink hemlock, dying under the hands of +justice? Was this a reputable end, a respectable commencement of the +philosophic family? It was very well for Plato or Xenophon to throw a veil +of romance over the transaction, but this was the plain matter of fact. +Then Anaxagoras had been driven out of Athens for his revolutionary +notions; and Diogenes had been accused, like the Christians, of atheism. +The case had been the same in more recent times. There had been that +madman, Apollonius, roaming about the world; Apuleius, too, their +neighbour, fifty years before, a man of respectable station, a gentleman, +but a follower of the Greek philosophy, a dabbler in magic, and a +pretender to miracles. And so, in fact, of letters generally; as in their +own country Minucius, a contemporary of Apuleius, became a Christian. +Such, too, had been his friend Octavius; such Ccilius, who even became +one of the priests of the sect, and seduced others from the religion he +had left. One of them had been the public talk for several years, and he +too originally a rhetorician, Thascius Cyprianus of Carthage. It was the +one thing which gave him some misgiving about that little Callista, that +she was a Greek. + +As he passed the temple, the metal plate was sounding as a signal for the +termination of the school, and on looking towards the portico with an +ill-natured curiosity, he saw a young acquaintance of his, a youth of +about twenty, coming out of it, leading a boy of about half that age, with +his satchel thrown over his shoulder. + +"Well, Arnobius,"(2) he cried, "how does rhetoric proceed? are we to take +the law line, or turn professor? Who's the boy? some younger brother?" + +"I've taken pity on the little fool," answered Arnobius; "these +schoolmasters are a savage lot. I suffered enough from them myself, and +'miseris succurrere disco.' So I took him from under the roof of friend +Rupilius, and he's under my tutelage. How did he treat thee, boy?" + +"He treated me like a slave or a Christian," answered he. + +"He deserved it, I'll warrant," said Jucundus; "a pert, forward imp. 'Twas +Gete against Briton. Much good comes of schooling! He's a wicked one +already. Ah, the new generation! I don't know where the world's going." + +"Tell the gentleman," said Arnobius, "what he did first to you, my boy." + +"As the good gentleman says," answered the boy, "first I did something to +him, and then he did something to me." + +"I told you so," said Jucundus; "a sensible boy, after all; but the +schoolmaster had the best of it, I'll wager." + +"First," answered he, "I grinned in his face, and he took off his wooden +shoe, and knocked out one of my teeth." + +"Good," said Jucundus, "the justice of Pythagoras. Zaleuchus could not +have done better. The mouth sins, and the mouth suffers." + +"Next," continued he, "I talked in school-time to my chum; and Rupilius +put a gag in my jaws, and kept them open for an hour." + +"The very Rhadamanthus of schoolmasters!" cried Jucundus: "and thereupon +you struck up a chant, divine though inarticulate, like the statue of +Memnon." + +"Then," said the boy, "I could not say my Virgil, and he tore the shirt +from off my back, and gave it me with the leather." + +"Ay," answered Jucundus, " 'arma virumque' branded on your hide." + +"Afterwards I ate his dinner for him," continued the boy, "and then he +screwed my head, and kept me without food for two days." + +"Your throat, you mean," said Jucundus; "a cautious man! lest you should +steal a draught or two of good strong air." + +"And lastly," said he, "I did not bring my pence, and then he tied my +hands to a gibbet, and hung me up _in terrorem_." + +"There I came in," said Arnobius; "he seemed a pretty boy, so I cut him +down, paid his ra, and took him home." + +"And now he is your pupil?" asked Jucundus. + +"Not yet," answered Arnobius; "he is still a day-scholar of the old +wolf's; one is like another; he could not change for the better: but I am +his bully, and shall tutorize him some day. He's a sharp lad, isn't he, +Firmian?" turning to the boy; "a great hand at composition for his years; +better than I am, who never shall write Latin decently. Yet what can I do? +I must profess and teach, for Rome is the only place for the law, and +these city professorships are not to be despised." + +"Whom are you attending here?" asked Jucundus, drily. + +"You are the only man in Sicca who needs to ask the question. What! not +know the great Polemo of Rhodes, the friend of Plotinus, the pupil of +Theagenes, the disciple of Thrasyllus, the hearer of Nicomachus, who was +of the school of Secundus, the doctor of the new Pythagoreans? Not feel +the presence in Sicca of Polemo, the most celebrated, the most intolerable +of men? That, however, is not his title, but the 'godlike,' or the +'oracular,' or the 'portentous,' or something else as impressive. Every +one goes to him. He is the rage. I should not have a chance of success if +I could not say that I had attended his lectures; though I'd be bound our +little Firmian here would deliver as good. He's the very cariophyllus of +human nature. He comes to the schools in a litter of cedar, ornamented +with silver and covered with a lion's skin, slaves carrying him, and a +crowd of friends attending, with the state of a proconsul. He is dressed +in the most exact style; his pallium is of the finest wool, white, picked +out with purple; his tresses flow with unguent, his fingers glitter with +rings, and he smells like Idalium. As soon as he puts foot on earth, a +great hubbub of congratulation and homage breaks forth. He takes no +notice; his favourite pupils form a circle round him, and conduct him into +one of the _exedr_, till the dial shows the time for lecture. Here he +sits in silence, looking at nothing, or at the wall opposite him, talking +to himself, a hum of admiration filling the room. Presently one of his +pupils, as if he were prco to the duumvir, cries out, 'Hush, gentlemen, +hush! the godlike'--no, it is not that. I've not got it. What _is_ his +title? 'the Bottomless,' that's it--'the Bottomless speaks.' A dead silence +ensues; a clear voice and a measured elocution are the sure token that it +is the outpouring of the oracle. 'Pray,' says the little man, 'pray, which +existed first, the egg or the chick? Did the chick lay the egg, or the egg +hatch the chick?' Then there ensues a whispering, a disputing, and after a +while a dead silence. At the end of a quarter of an hour or so, our prco +speaks again, and this time to the oracle. 'Bottomless man,' he says, 'I +have to represent to you that no one of the present company finds himself +equal to answer the question, which your condescension has proposed to our +consideration!' On this there is a fresh silence, and at length a fresh +_effatum_ from the hierophant: 'Which comes first, the egg or the chick? +The egg comes first in relation to the causativity of the chick, and the +chick comes first in relation to the causativity of the egg,' on which +there is a burst of applause; the ring of adorers is broken through, and +the shrinking professor is carried in the arms or on the shoulders of the +literary crowd to his chair in the lecture-room." + +Much as there was in Arnobius's description which gratified Jucundus's +prejudices, he had suspicions of his young acquaintance, and was not in +the humour to be pleased unreservedly with those who satirized anything +whatever that was established, or was appointed by government, even +affectation and pretence. He said something about the wisdom of ages, the +reverence due to authority, the institutions of Rome, and the magistrates +of Sicca. "Do not go after novelties," he said to Arnobius; "make a daily +libation to Jove, the preserver, and to the genius of the emperor, and +then let other things take their course." + +"But you don't mean I must believe all this man says, because the +decurions have put him here?" cried Arnobius. "Here is this Polemo saying +that Proteus is matter, and that minerals and vegetables are his flock; +that Proserpine is the vital influence, and Ceres the efficacy of the +heavenly bodies; that there are mundane spirits, and supramundane; and +then his doctrine about triads, monads, and progressions of the celestial +gods?" + +"Hm!" said Jucundus; "they did not say so when I went to school; but keep +to my rule, my boy, and swear by the genius of Rome and the emperor." + +"I don't believe in god or goddess, emperor or Rome, or in any philosophy, +or in any religion at all," said Arnobius. + +"What!" cried Jucundus, "you're not going to desert the gods of your +ancestors?" + +"Ancestors?" said Arnobius; "I've no ancestors. I'm not African certainly, +not Punic, not Libophoenician, not Canaanite, not Numidian, not Gtulian. +I'm half Greek, but what the other half is I don't know. My good old +gaffer, you're one of the old world. I believe nothing. Who can? There is +such a racket and whirl of religions on all sides of me that I am sick of +the subject." + +"Ah, the rising generation!" groaned Jucundus; "you young men! I cannot +prophesy what you will become, when we old fellows are removed from the +scene. Perhaps you're a Christian?" + +Arnobius laughed. "At least I can give you comfort on that head, old +grandfather. A pretty Christian _I_ should make, indeed! seeing visions, +to be sure, and rejoicing in the rack and dungeon! I wish to enjoy life; I +see wealth, power, rank, and pleasure to be worth living for, and I see +nothing else." + +"Well said, my lad," cried Jucundus, "well said; stick to that. I declare +you frightened me. Give up all visions, speculations, conjectures, +fancies, novelties, discoveries; nothing comes of them but confusion." + +"No, no," answered the youth; "I'm not so wild as you seem to think, +Jucundus. It is true I don't believe one single word about the gods; but +in their worship was I born, and in their worship I will die." + +"Admirable!" cried Jucundus in a transport; "well, I'm surprised; you have +taken me by surprise. You're a fine fellow; you are a boy after my heart. +I've a good mind to adopt you." + +"You see I can't believe one syllable of all the priests' trash," said +Arnobius; "who does? not they. I don't believe in Jupiter or Juno, or in +Astarte or in Isis; but where shall I go for anything better? or why need +I seek anything good or bad in that line? Nothing's known anywhere, and +life would go while I attempted what is impossible. No, better stay where +I am; I may go further, and gain a loss for my pains. So you see I am for +myself, and for the genius of Rome." + +"That's the true principle," answered the delighted Jucundus. "Why, +really, for so young a man, surprising! Where _did_ you get so much good +sense, my dear fellow? _I've_ seen very little of you. Well, this I'll +say, you are a youth of most mature mind. To be sure! Well! Such youths +are rare now-a-days. I congratulate you with all my heart on your strong +sense and your admirable wisdom. Who'd have thought it? I've always, to +tell the truth, had a little suspicion of you; but you've come out nobly. +Capital! I don't wish you to believe in the gods if you can't; but it's +your duty, dear boy, your duty to Rome to maintain them, and to rally +round them when attacked." Then with a changed voice, he added, "Ah, that +a young friend of mine had your view of the matter!" and then, fearing he +had said too much, he stopped abruptly. + +"You mean Agellius," said Arnobius. "You've heard, by-the-bye," he +continued in a lower tone, "what's the talk in the Capitol, that at Rome +they are proceeding on a new plan against the Christians with great +success. They don't put to death, at least at once; they keep in prison, +and threaten the torture. It's surprising how many come over." + +"The Furies seize them!" exclaimed Jucundus: "they deserve everything bad, +always excepting my poor boy. So they are cheating the hangman by giving +up their atheism, the vile reptiles, giving in to a threat. However," he +added gravely, "I wish threats would answer with Agellius; but I greatly +fear that menace would only make him stubborn. That stubbornness of a +Christian! O Arnobius!" he said, shaking his head and looking solemn, +"it's a visitation from the gods, a sort of _nympholepsia_." + +"It's going out," said Arnobius, "mark my words; the frenzy is dying. It's +only wonderful it should have lasted for three centuries. The report runs +that in some places, when the edict was published, the Christians did not +wait for a summons, but swept up to the temples to sacrifice, like a shoal +of tunnies. The magistrates were obliged to take so many a day; and, as +the days went on, none so eager to bring over the rest as those who have +already become honest men. Nay, not a few of their mystic or esoteric +class have conformed." + +"If so, unless Agellius looks sharp," said Jucundus, "his sect will give +him up before he gives up his sect. Christianity will be converted before +him." + +"Oh, don't fear for him!" said Arnobius; "I knew him at school. Boys +differ; some are bold and open. They like to be men, and to dare the deeds +of men; they talk freely, and take their swing in broad day. Others are +shy, reserved, bashful, and are afraid to do what they love quite as much +as the others. Agellius never could rub off this shame, and it has taken +this turn. He's sure to outgrow it in a year or two. I should not wonder +if, when once he had got over it, he went into the opposite fault. You'll +find him a drinker and a swaggerer and a spendthrift before many years are +over." + +"Well, that's good news," said Jucundus; "I mean, I am glad you think he +will shake off these fancies. I don't believe they sit very close to him +myself." + +He walked on for a while in silence; then he said, "That seems a sharp +child, Arnobius. Could he do me a service if I wanted it? Does he know +Agellius?" + +"Know him?" answered the other; "yes, and his farm too. He has rambled +round Sicca, many is the mile. And he knows the short cuts, and the blind +ways, and safe circuits." + +"What's the boy's name?" asked Jucundus. + +"Firmian," answered Arnobius. "Firmian Lactantius." + +"I say, Firmian," said Jucundus to him, "where are you to be found of a +day, my boy?" + +"At class morning and afternoon," answered Firmian, "sleeping in the +porticoes in midday, nowhere in the evening, and roosting with Arnobius at +night." + +"And you can keep a secret, should it so happen?" asked Jucundus, "and do +an errand, if I gave you one?" + +"I'll give him the stick worse than Rupilius, if he does not," said +Arnobius. + +"A bargain," cried Jucundus; and, waving his hand to them, he stept +through the city gate, and they returned to their afternoon amusements. + + + + + + CHAPTER IX. + + + JUCUNDUS BAITS HIS TRAP. + + +Agellius is busily employed upon his farm. While the enemies of his faith +are laying their toils for him and his brethren in the imperial city, in +the proconsular _officium_, and in the municipal curia,--while Jucundus is +scheming against him personally in another way and with other +intentions,--the unconscious object of these machinations is busy about his +master's crops, housing the corn in caves or pits, distilling the roses, +irrigating the _khennah_, and training and sheltering the vines. And he +does so, not only from a sense of duty, but the more assiduously, because +he finds in constant employment a protection against himself, against idle +thoughts, wayward wishes, discontent, and despondency. It is doubtless +very strange to the reader how any one who professed himself a Christian +in good earnest should be open to the imputation of resting his hopes and +his heart in the tents of paganism; but we do not see why Agellius has not +quite as much right to be inconsistent in one way as Christians of the +present time in another, and perhaps he has more to say for himself than +they. They have not had the trial of solitude, nor the consequent +temptation to which he has been exposed, of seeking relief from his own +thoughts in the company of unbelievers. When a boy he had received his +education at that school in the Temple of Mercury of which we heard in the +foregoing chapter; and though happily he had preserved himself from the +contagion of idolatry and sin, he had on that very account formed no +friendships with his schoolfellows. Whether there were any Christians +there besides himself he did not know; but while the worst of his +schoolfellows were what heathen boys may be supposed to be, the lightest +censure which could be passed on any was that they were greedy, or +quarrelsome, or otherwise unamiable. He had learned there enough to open +his mind, and to give him materials for thinking, and instruments for +reflecting on his own religion, and for drawing out into shape his own +reflections. He had received just that discipline which makes solitude +most pleasant to the old, and most insupportable to the young. He had got +a thousand questions which needed answers, a thousand feelings which +needed sympathy. He wanted to know whether his guesses, his perplexities, +his trials of mind, were peculiar to himself, or how far they were shared +by others, and what they were worth. He had capabilities for intellectual +enjoyment unexercised, and a thirst after knowledge unsatisfied. And the +channels of supernatural assistance were removed from him at a time when +nature was most impetuous and most clamorous. + +It was under circumstances such as these that two young Greeks, brother +and sister, the brother older, the sister younger, than Agellius, came to +Sicca at the invitation of Jucundus, who wanted them for his trade. His +nephew in time got acquainted with them, and found in them what he had +sought in vain elsewhere. It is not that they were oracles of wisdom or +repositories of philosophical learning; their age and their calling +forbade it, nor did he require it. For an oracle, of course, he would have +looked in another direction; but he desiderated something more on a level +with himself, and that they abundantly supplied. He found, from his +conversations with them, that a great number of the questions which had +been a difficulty to him had already been agitated in the schools of +Greece. He found what solutions were possible, what the hinge was on which +questions turned, what the issue to which they led, and what the principle +which lay at the bottom of them. He began better to understand the +position of Christianity in the world of thought, and the view which was +taken of it by the advocates of other religions or philosophies. He gained +some insight into its logic, and advanced, without knowing it, in the +investigation of its evidences. + +Nor was this all; he acquired by means of his new friends a great deal +also of secular knowledge as well as philosophical. He learned much of the +history of foreign countries, especially of Greece, of its heroes and +sages, its poets and its statesmen, of Alexander, of the Syro-Macedonic +empire, of the Jews, and of the series of conquests through which Rome +advanced to universal dominion. + +To impart knowledge is as interesting as to acquire it; and Agellius was +called upon to give as well as to take. The brother and sister, without +showing any great religious earnestness, were curious to know about +Christianity, and listened with the more patience that they had no special +attachment to any other worship. In the debates which ensued, though there +was no agreement, there was the pleasure of mental exercise and +excitement; he found enough to tell them without touching upon the more +sacred mysteries; and while he never felt his personal faith at all +endangered by their free conversation, his charity, or at least his +good-will and his gratitude, led him to hope, or even to think, that they +were in the way of conversion themselves. In this thought he was aided by +his own innocence and simplicity; and though, on looking back afterwards +to this eventful season, he recognized many trivial occurrences which +ought to have put him on his guard, yet he had no suspicion at the time +that those who conversed so winningly, and sustained so gracefully and +happily the commerce of thought and sentiment, might in their actual +state, nay, in their governing principles, be in utter contrariety to +himself when the veil was removed from off their hearts. + +Nor was it in serious matters alone, but still more on lighter occasions +of intercourse, that Aristo and Callista were attractive to the solitary +Agellius. She had a sweet thrilling voice, and accompanied herself on the +lyre. She could act the _improvisatrice_, and her expressive features were +a running commentary on the varied meaning, the sunshine and the shade, of +her ode or her epic. She could relate how the profane Pentheus and the +self-glorious Hippolytus gave a lesson to the world of the feebleness of +human virtue when it placed itself in opposition to divine power. She +could teach how the chaste Diana manifests herself to the simple shepherd +Endymion, not to the great or learned; and how Tithonus, the spouse of the +Morn, adumbrates the fate of those who revel in their youth, as if it were +to last for ever; and who, when old, do nothing but talk of the days when +they were young, wearying others with tales of "their amours or their +exploits, like grasshoppers that show their vigour only by their +chirping."(3) The very allegories which sickened and irritated Arnobius +when spouted out by Polemo, touched the very chords of poor Agellius's +heart when breathed forth from the lips of the beautiful Greek. + +She could act also; and suddenly, when conversation flagged or suggested +it, she could throw herself into the part of Medea or Antigone, with a +force and truth which far surpassed the effect produced by the male and +masked representations of those characters at the theatre. Brother and +sister were OEdipus and Antigone, Electra and Orestes, Cassandra and the +Chorus. Once or twice they attempted a scene in Menander; but there was +something which made Agellius shrink from the comedy, beautiful as it was, +and clever as was the representation. Callista could act Thais as truly as +Iphigenia, but Agellius could not listen as composedly. There are certain +most delicate instincts and perceptions in us which act as first +principles, and which, once effaced, can never, except from some +supernatural source, be restored to the mind. When men are in a state of +nature, these are sinned against, and vanish very soon, at so early a date +in the history of the individual that perhaps he does not recollect that +he ever possessed them; and since, like other first principles, they are +but very partially capable of proof, a general scepticism prevails both as +to their existence and their truth. The Greeks, partly from the vivacity +of their intellect, partly from their passion for the beautiful, lost +these celestial adumbrations sooner than other nations. When a collision +arose on such matters between Agellius and his friends, Callista kept +silence; but Aristo was not slow to express his wonder that the young +Christian should think customs or practices wrong which, in his view of +the matter, were as unblamable and natural as eating, drinking, or +sleeping. His own face became almost satirical as Agellius's became grave; +however, he was too companionable and good-natured to force another to be +happy in his own way; he imputed to the extravagance of his friend's +religion what in any but a Christian he would have called moroseness and +misanthropy; and he bade his sister give over representations which, +instead of enlivening the passing hour, did but inflict pain. + +This friendly intercourse had now gone on for some months, as the leisure +of both parties admitted. Once or twice brother and sister had come to the +suburban farm; but for the most part, in spite of his intense dislike of +the city, he had for their sake threaded its crowded and narrow +thoroughfares, crossed its open places, and presented himself at their +apartments. And was it very strange that a youth so utterly ignorant of +the world, and unsuspicious of evil, should not have heard the warning +voice which called him to separate himself from heathenism, even in its +most specious form? Was it very strange, under these circumstances, that a +sanguine hope, the hope of the youthful, should have led Agellius to +overlook obstacles, and beguile himself into the notion that Callista +might be converted, and make a good Christian wife? Well, we have nothing +more to say for him; if we have not already succeeded in extenuating his +offence, we must leave him to the mercy, or rather to the justice, of his +severely virtuous censors. + +But all this while Jucundus had been conversing with him; and, unless we +are quick about it, we shall lose several particulars which are necessary +for those who wish to pursue without a break the thread of his history. +His uncle had brought the conversation round to the delicate point which +had occasioned his visit, and had just broken the ice. With greater tact, +and more ample poetical resources than we should have given him credit +for, he had been led from the scene before him to those prospects of a +moral and social character which ought soon to employ the thoughts of his +dear Agellius. He had spoken of vines and of their culture, _apropos_ of +the dwarf vines around him, which stood about the height of a +currant-bush. Thence he had proceeded to the subject of the more common +vine of Africa, which crept and crawled along the ground, the extremity of +each plant resting in succession on the stock of that which immediately +preceded it. And now, being well into his subject, he called to mind the +high vine of Italy, which mounts by the support of the slim tree to which +it clings. Then he quoted Horace on the subject of the marriage of the elm +and the vine. This lodged him _in medias res_; and Agellius's heart beat +when he found his uncle proposing to him, as a thought of his own, the +very step which he had fancied was almost a secret of his own breast, +though Juba had seemed to have some suspicion of it. + +"My dear Agellius," said Jucundus, "it would be a most suitable +proceeding. I have never taken to marrying myself; it has not lain in my +way, or been to my taste. Your father did not set me an encouraging +example; but here you are living by yourself, in this odd fashion, unlike +any one else. Perhaps you may come in time and live in Sicca. We shall +find some way of employing you, and it will be pleasant to have you near +me as I get old. However, I mean it to be some time yet before Charon +makes a prize of me; not that I believe all that rubbish more than you, +Agellius, I assure you." + +"It strikes me," Agellius began, "that perhaps you may think it +inconsistent in me taking such a step, but--" + +"Ay, ay, that's the rub," thought Jucundus; then aloud, "Inconsistent, my +boy! who talks of inconsistency? what superfine jackanapes dares to call +it inconsistent? You seem made for each other, Agellius--she town, you +country; she so clever and attractive, and up to the world, you so fresh +and Arcadian. You'll be quite the talk of the place." + +"That's just what I don't want to be," said Agellius. "I mean to say," he +continued, "that if I thought it inconsistent with my religion to think of +Callista--" + +"Of course, of course," interrupted his uncle, who took his cue from Juba, +and was afraid of the workings of Agellius's human respect; "but who knows +you have been a Christian? no one knows anything about it. I'll be bound +they all think you an honest fellow like themselves, a worshipper of the +gods, without crotchets or hobbies of any kind. I never told them to the +contrary. My opinion is, that if you were to make your libation to Jove, +and throw incense upon the imperial altar to-morrow, no one would think it +extraordinary. They would say for certain that they had seen you do it +again and again. Don't fancy for an instant, my dear Agellius, that you +have anything whatever to get over." + +Agellius was getting awkward and mortified, as may be easily conceived, +and Jucundus saw it, but could not make out why. "My dear uncle," said the +youth, "you are reproaching me." + +"Not a bit of it," said Jucundus, confidently, "not a shadow of reproach; +why should I reproach you? We can't be wise all at once; _I_ had my +follies once, as you may have had yours. It's natural you should grow more +attached to things as they are,--things as they are, you know,--as time goes +on. Marriage, and the preparation for marriage, sobers a man. You've been +a little headstrong, I can't deny, and had your fling in your own way; but +'nuces pueris,' as you will soon be saying yourself on a certain occasion. +Your next business is to consider what kind of a marriage you propose. I +suppose the Roman, but there is great room for choice even there." + +It is a proverb how different things are in theory and when reduced to +practice. Agellius had thought of the end more than of the means, and had +had a vision of Callista as a Christian, when the question of rites and +forms would have been answered by the decision of the Church without his +trouble. He _was_ somewhat sobered by the question, though in a different +way from what his uncle wished and intended. + +Jucundus proceeded--"First, there is _matrimonium confarreationis_. You +have nothing to do with that: strictly speaking, it is obsolete; it went +out with the exclusiveness of the old patricians. I say 'strictly +speaking'; for the ceremonies remain, waiving the formal religious rite. +Well, my dear Agellius, I don't recommend this ceremonial to you. You'd +have to kill a porker, to take out the entrails, to put away the gall, and +to present it to Juno Pronuba. And there's fire, too, and water, and +frankincense, and a great deal of the same kind, which I think +undesirable, and you would too; for there, I am sure, we are agreed. We +put this aside then, the religious marriage. Next comes the marriage _ex +coemptione_, a sort of mercantile transaction. In this case the parties +buy each other, and become each other's property. Well, every man to his +taste; but for me, I don't like to be bought and sold. I like to be my own +master, and am suspicious of anything irrevocable. Why should you commit +yourself (do you see?) for ever, _for ever_, to a girl you know so little +of? Don't look surprised: it's common sense. It's very well to buy _her_; +but to be bought, that's quite another matter. And I don't know that you +can. Being a Roman citizen yourself, you can only make a marriage with a +citizen; now the question is whether Callista is a citizen at all. I know +perfectly well the sweeping measure some years back of Caracalla, which +made all freemen citizens of Rome, whatever might be their country; but +that measure has never been carried out in fact. You'd have very great +difficulty with the law and the customs of the country; and then, after +all, if the world were willing to gratify you, where's your proof she is a +freewoman? My dear boy, I must speak out for your good, though you're +offended with me. I wish you to have her, I do; but you can't do +impossibilities--you can't alter facts. The laws of the empire allow you to +have her in a certain definite way, and no other; and you cannot help the +law being what it is. I say all this, even on the supposition of her being +a freewoman; but it is just possible she may be in law a slave. Don't +start in that way; the pretty thing is neither better nor worse for what +she cannot help. I say it for your good. Well, now I'm coming to my point. +There is a third kind of marriage, and that is what I should recommend for +you. It's the _matrimonium ex usu_, or _consuetudine_; the great advantage +here is, that you have no ceremonies whatever, nothing which can in any +way startle your sensitive mind. In that case, a couple are at length man +and wife _prscriptione_. You are afraid of making a stir in Sicca; in +this case you would make none. You would simply take her home here; if, as +time went on, you got on well together, it would be a marriage; if +not,"--and he shrugged his shoulders--"no harm's done; you are both free." + +Agellius had been sitting on a gate of one of the vineyards; he started on +his feet, threw up his arms, and made an exclamation. + +"Listen, listen, my dear boy!" cried Jucundus, hastening to explain what +he considered the cause of his sudden annoyance; "listen, just one moment, +Agellius, if you can. Dear, dear, how I wish I knew where to find you! +What _is_ the matter? I'm not treating her ill, I'm not indeed. I have not +had any notion at all even of hinting that you should leave her, unless +you both wished the bargain rescinded. No, but it is a great rise for her; +you are a Roman, with property, with position in the place; she's a +stranger, and without a dower: nobody knows whence she came, or anything +about her. She ought to have no difficulty about it, and I am confident +will have none." + +"O my good, dear uncle! O Jucundus, Jucundus!" cried Agellius, "is it +possible? do my ears hear right? What is it you ask me to do?" and he +burst into tears. "Is it conceivable," he said, with energy, "that you are +in earnest in recommending me--I say in recommending me--a marriage which +really would be no marriage at all?" + +"Here is some very great mistake," said Jucundus, angrily; "it arises, +Agellius, from your ignorance of the world. You must be thinking I +recommend you mere _contubernium_, as the lawyers call it. Well, I confess +I did think of that for a moment, it occurred to me; I should have liked +to have mentioned it, but knowing how preposterously touchy and skittish +you are on supposed points of honour, or sentiment, or romance, or of +something or other indescribable, I said not one word about that. I have +only wished to consult for your comfort, present and future. You don't do +me justice, Agellius. I have been attempting to smooth your way. You +_must_ act according to the received usages of society! you cannot make a +world for yourself. Here have I proposed three or four ways for your +proceeding: you will have none of them. What _will_ you have? I thought +you didn't like ceremonies; I thought you did not like the established +ways. Go, then, do it in the old fashion; kill your sheep, knead your +meal, light your torches, sing your song, summon your flamen, if he'll +come. Any how, take your choice; do it either with religion or without." + +"O Jucundus!" said the poor fellow, "am I then come to this?" and he could +say no more. + +His distress was not greater than his uncle's disappointment, perplexity, +and annoyance. The latter had been making everything easy for Agellius, +and he was striking, do what he would, on hidden, inexplicable +impediments, whichever way he moved. He got more and more angry the more +he thought about it. An unreasonable, irrational coxcomb! He had heard a +great deal of the portentous stubbornness of a Christian, and now he +understood what it was. It was in his blood, he saw; an offensive, sour +humour, tainting him from head to foot. A very different recompense had he +deserved. There had he come all the way from his home from purely +disinterested feelings. He had no motive whatever, but a simple desire of +his nephew's welfare; what other motive could he have? "Let Agellius go to +the crows," he thought, "if he will; what is it to me if he is seized for +a Christian, hung up like a dog, or thrown like a dead rat into the +_cloaca_ of the prison? What care I if he is made a hyna's breakfast in +the amphitheatre, all Sicca looking on, or if he is nailed on a cross for +the birds to peck at before my door? Ungrateful puppy! it is no earthly +concern of mine what becomes of him. I shall be neither better nor worse. +No one will say a word against Jucundus; he will not lose a single +customer, or be shunned by a single jolly companion, for the exposure of +his nephew. But a man can't be saved against his will. Here am I, full of +expedients and resources for his good; there is he, throwing cold water on +everything, and making difficulties as if he loved them. It's his +abominable pride, that's the pith of the matter. He could not have behaved +worse though I had played the bully with him, and had reproached him with +his Christianity. But I have studiously avoided every subject which could +put his back up. He's a very Typhon or Enceladus for pride. Here he'd give +his ears to have done with Christianity; he wants to have this Callista; +he wants to buy her at the price of his religion; but he'd rather be +burned than say, I've changed! Let him reap as he has sown; why should I +coax him further to be merciful to himself? Well Agellius," he said aloud, +"I'm going back." + +Agellius, on the other hand, had his own thoughts; and the most urgent of +them at the moment was sorrow that he had hurt his uncle. He was sincerely +attached to him, in consequence of his faithful guardianship, his many +acts of kindness, the reminiscences of childhood, nay, the love he bore to +the good points of his character. To him he owed his education and his +respectable position. He could not bear his anger, and he had a fear of +his authority; but what was to be done? Jucundus, in utter insensibility +to certain instincts and rules which in Christianity are first principles, +had, without intending it, been greatly dishonouring Agellius, and his +passion, and the object of it. Uncle and nephew had been treading on each +other's toes, and each was wincing under the mischance. It was Agellius's +place, as the younger, to make advances, if he could, to an adjustment of +the misunderstanding; and he wished to find some middle way. And, also, it +is evident he had another inducement besides his tenderness to Jucundus to +urge him to do so. In truth, Callista exerted a tremendous sway over him. +The conversation which had just passed ought to have opened his eyes, and +made him understand that the very first step in any negotiations between +them was her _bon fide_ conversion. It was evident he could not, he +literally had not the power of marrying her as a heathen. Roman might +marry a Roman; but a degradation of each party in the transaction was the +only way by which a Roman could make any sort of marriage with a Greek. If +she were converted, they would be both of them under the rules of the +Catholic Church. But what prospect was there of so happy an event? What +had ever fallen from her lips which looked that way? Could not a clever +girl throw herself into the part of Alcestis, or chant the majestic verses +of Cleanthes, or extemporize a hymn upon the spring, or hold an argument +on the _pulchrum_ and _utile_, without having any leaning towards +Christianity? A calm, sweet voice, a noble air, an expressive countenance, +refined and decorous manners, were these specific indications of heavenly +grace? Ah, poor Agellius! a fascination is upon you; and so you are +thinking of some middle term, which is to reconcile your uncle and you; +and therefore you begin as follows:-- + +"I see by your silence, Jucundus, that you are displeased with me, you who +are always so kind. Well, it comes from my ignorance of things; it does +indeed. I ask your forgiveness for anything which seemed ungrateful in my +behaviour, though there is not ingratitude in my heart. I am too much of a +boy to see things beforehand, and to see them in all their bearings. You +took me by surprise by talking on the subject which led to our +misunderstanding. I will not conceal for an instant that I like Callista +very much; and that the more I see her, I like her the more. It strikes me +that, if you break the matter to Aristo, he and I might have some talk +together, and understand each other." + +Jucundus was hot-tempered, but easily pacified; and he really did wish to +be on confidential terms with his nephew at the present crisis; so he +caught at his apology. "Now you speak like a reasonable fellow, Agellius," +he answered. "Certainly, I will speak to Aristo, as you wish; and on this +question of _consuetudo_ or prescription. Well, don't begin looking queer +again. I mean I will speak to him on the whole question and its details. +He and I will talk together for our respective principals. We shall soon +come to terms, I warrant you; and then _you_ shall talk with him. Come, +show me round your fields," he continued, "and let me see how you will be +able to present things to your bride. A very pretty property it is. I it +was who was the means of your father thinking of it. You have heard me say +so before now, and all the circumstances. + +"He was at Carthage at this time, undecided what to do with himself. It so +happened that Julia Clara's estates were just then in the market. An +enormous windfall her estates were. Old Didius was emperor just before my +time; he gave all his estates to his daughter as soon as he assumed the +purple. Poor lady! she did not enjoy them long; Severus confiscated the +whole, not, however, for the benefit of the state, but of the _res +privata_. They are so large in Africa alone, that, as you know, you are +under a special procurator. Well, they did not come into the market at +once; the existing farmers were retained. Marcus Juventius farmed a very +considerable portion of them; they were contiguous, and dovetailed into +his own lands, and accordingly, when he got into trouble, and had to sell +his leases, there were certain odds and ends about Sicca which it was +proposed to lease piecemeal. Your employer, Varius, would have given any +money for them, but I was beforehand with him. Nothing like being on the +spot; he was on business of the proconsul at Adrumetum. I sent off Hispa +instantly to Strabo; not an hour's delay after I heard of it. The sale was +at Carthage; he went to his old commander, who used his influence, and the +thing was done. + +"I venture to say there's not such a snug little farm in all Africa; and I +am sanguine we shall get a renewal, though Varius will do his utmost to +outbid us. Ah, my dear Agellius, if there is but a suspicion you are not a +thorough-going Roman! Well, well,--here! ease me through this gate, +Agellius; I don't know what's come to the gate since I was here. +Indeed!--yes! you have improved this very much. That small arbour is +delicious; but you want an image, an Apollo or a Diana. Ah! do now stop +for a moment; why are you going forward at such a pace? I'll give you an +image: it shall be one that you will really like. Well, you won't have it? +I beg you ten thousand pardons. Ha, ha! I mean nothing. Ha, ha, ha! Oh, +what an odd world it is! Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha! Well, I am keeping you from +your labourers. Ha, ha, ha!" + +And having thus smoothed his own ruffled temper, and set things right, as +he considered, with Agellius, the old pagan took his journey homewards, +assuring Agellius that he would make all things clear for him in a very +short time, and telling him to be sure to make a call upon Aristo before +the ensuing calends. + + + + + + CHAPTER X. + + + THE DIVINE CALLISTA. + + +The day came which Agellius had fixed for paying his promised visit to +Aristo. It is not to be denied that, in the interval, the difficulties of +the business which occasioned his visit had increased upon his +apprehensions. Callista was not yet a Christian, nor was there any reason +for saying that a proposal of marriage would make her one; and a strange +sort of convert she would be, if it did. He would not suffer himself to +dwell upon difficulties which he was determined never should be realized. +No; of course a heathen he could not marry, but a heathen Callista should +not be. He did not see the process, but he was convinced she would become +a Christian. Yet somehow so it was, that, if he was able to stultify his +reason, he did not quite succeed to his satisfaction with his conscience. +Every morning found him less satisfied with himself, and more disposed to +repent of having allowed his uncle to enter on the subject with Aristo. +But it was a thing done and over; he must either awkwardly back out, or he +must go on. His middle term, as he hastily had considered it, was nothing +else than siding with his uncle, and committing himself to go all lengths, +unless some difficulty rose with the other party. Yet could he really wish +that the step had not been taken? Was it not plain that if he was to put +away Callista from his affections, he must never go near her? And was he +to fall back on his drear solitude, and lose that outlet of thought and +relief of mind which he had lately found in the society of his Greek +friends? + +We may easily believe that he was not very peaceful in heart when he set +out on that morning to call upon Aristo; yet he would not allow that he +was doing wrong. He recurred to the pleasant imagination that Callista +would certainly become a Christian, and dwelt pertinaciously upon it. He +could not tell on what it was founded; he knew enough of his religion not +to mean that she was too good to be a heathen; so it is to be supposed he +meant that he discerned what he hoped were traces of some supernatural +influence operating upon her mind. He had a perception, which he could not +justify by argument, that there was in Callista a promise of something +higher than anything she yet was. He felt a strange sympathy with her, +which certainly unless he utterly deceived himself, was not based on +anything merely natural or human,--a sympathy the more remarkable from the +contrariety which existed between them in matters of religious belief. And +hope having blown this large and splendid bubble, sent it sailing away, +and it rose upon the buoyant atmosphere of youth, beautiful to behold. + +And yet, as Agellius ascended the long flight of marble steps which led +the foot-passenger up into that fair city, while the morning sun was +glancing across them, and surveyed the outline of the many sumptuous +buildings which crested and encircled the hill, did he not know full well +that iniquity was written on its very walls, and spoke a solemn warning to +a Christian heart to go out of it, to flee it, not to take up a home in +it, not to make alliance with anything in it? Did he not know from +experience full well that, when he got into it, his glance could no longer +be unrestrained, or his air free; but that it would be necessary for him +to keep a control upon his senses, and painfully guard himself against +what must either be a terror to him and an abhorrence, or a temptation? +Enter in imagination into a town like Sicca, and you will understand the +great Apostle's anguish at seeing a noble and beautiful city given up to +idolatry. Enter it, and you will understand why it was that the poor +priest, of whom Jucundus spoke so bitterly, hung his head, and walked with +timid eyes and clouded brow through the joyous streets of Carthage. +Hitherto we have only been conducting heathens through it, boys or men, +Jucundus, Arnobius, and Firmian; but now a Christian enters it with a +Christian's heart and a Christian's hope. + +Well is it for us, dear reader, that we in this age do not experience--nay, +a blessed thing that we cannot even frame to ourselves in imagination--the +actual details of evil which hung as an atmosphere over the cities of +Pagan Rome. An Apostle calls the tongue "a fire, a world of iniquity, +untameable, a restless evil, a deadly poison;" and surely what he says +applies to hideous thoughts represented to the eye, as well as when they +are made to strike upon the ear. Unfortunate Agellius! what takes you into +the city this morning? Doubtless some urgent, compulsive duty; otherwise +you would not surely be threading its lanes or taking the circuit of its +porticoes, amid sights which now shock and now allure; fearful sights--not +here and there, but on the stateliest structures and in the meanest +hovels, in public offices and private houses, in central spots and at the +corners of the streets, in bazaars and shops and house-doors, in the +rudest workmanship and in the highest art, in letters or in emblems or in +paintings--the insignia and the pomp of Satan and of Belial, of a reign of +corruption and a revel of idolatry which you can neither endure nor +escape. Wherever you go it is all the same; in the police-court on the +right, in the military station on the left, in the crowd around the +temple, in the procession with its victims and its worshippers who walk to +music, in the language of the noisy market-people; wherever you go, you +are accosted, confronted, publicly, shamelessly, now as if a precept of +religion, now as if a homage to nature, by all which, as a Christian, you +shrink from and abjure. + +It is no accident of the season or of the day; it is the continuous +tradition of some thousands of years; it is the very orthodoxy of the +myriads who have lived and died there. There was a region once, in an +early age, lying upon the Eastern Sea, which is said at length to have +vomited out its inhabitants for their frightful iniquity. They, thus cast +forth, took ship, and passed over to the southern coast; and then, +gradually settling and spreading into the interior, they peopled the woody +plains and fertile slopes of Africa, and filled it with their cities. +Sicca is one of these set up in sin; and at the time of which we write +that sin was basking under the sun, and rioting and extending itself to +its amplest dimensions, like some glittering serpent or spotted pard of +the neighbourhood, without interposition from heaven or earth in +correction of so awful a degradation. In such scenes of unspeakable +pollution, our Christian forefathers perforce lived; through such a scene, +though not taking part in it, Agellius, blessed with a country home, is +unnecessarily passing. + +He has reached the house, or rather the floor, to which he has been making +his way. It is at the back of the city, where the rock is steep; and it +looks out upon the plain and the mountain range to the north. Its inmates, +Aristo and Callista, are engaged in their ordinary work of moulding or +carving, painting or gilding the various articles which the temples or the +private shrines of the established religion required. Aristo has received +from Jucundus the overtures which Agellius had commissioned him to make, +and finds, as he anticipated, that they are no great news to his sister. +She perfectly understands what is going on, but does not care to speak +much upon it, till Agellius makes his appearance. As they sit at work, +Aristo speaks:-- + +"Agellius will make his appearance here this morning. I say, Callista, +what can he be coming for?" + +"Why, if your news be true, that the Christians are coming into trouble, +of course he means to purchase, as a blessing on him, some of these bits +of gods." + +"You are sharp enough, my little sister," answered Aristo, "to know +perfectly well who is the goddess he is desirous of purchasing." + +Callista laughed carelessly, but made no reply. + +"Come, child," Aristo continued, "don't be cruel to him. Wreath a garland +for him by the time he comes. He's well to do, and modest withal, and +needs encouragement." + +"He's well enough," said Callista. + +"I say he's a fellow too well off to be despised as a lover," proceeded +her brother, "and it would be a merit with the gods to rid him of his +superstition." + +"Not much of a Christian," she made answer, "if he is set upon me." + +"For whose sake has he been coming here so often, mine or yours, +Callista?" + +"I am tired of such engagements," she replied. She went on with her +painting, and several times seemed as if she would have spoken, but did +not. Then, without interrupting her work, she said calmly, "Time was, it +gratified my conceit and my feelings to have hangers on. Indeed, without +them, how should we have had means to come here? But there's a weariness +in all things." + +"A weariness! Where is this bad humour to end?" cried Aristo; "it has been +a long fit; shake it off while you can, or it will be too much for you. +What can you mean? a weariness! You are over young to bid youth farewell. +Aching hearts for aching bones. So young and so perverse! We must take +things as the gods give them. You will ask for them in vain when you are +old. One day above, another day beneath; one while young, another while +old. Enjoy life while you have it in your hand." He had said this as he +worked. Then he stopped, and turned round to her, with his graving-tool in +his hand. "Recollect old Lesbia, how she used to squeak out to me, with +her nodding head and trembling limbs"--here he mimicked the old crone--" 'My +boy, take your pleasure while you can. I can't take pleasure--my day is +over; but I don't reproach myself. I had a merry time of it while it +lasted. Time stops for no one, but I did my best; I don't reproach +myself.' There's the true philosopher, though a slave; more outspoken than +sop, more practical than Epictetus." + +Callista began singing to herself:-- + + "I wander by that river's brink + Which circles Pluto's drear domain; + I feel the chill night breeze, and think + Of joys which ne'er shall be again. + + "I count the weeds that fringe the shore, + Each sluggish wave that rolls and rolls; + I hear the ever-splashing oar + Of Charon, ferryman of souls. + +"Heigho!" she continued, "little regret, but much dread. The young have to +fear more than the old have to mourn over. The future outweighs the past. +Life is not so sweet as death is bitter. It is hard to quit the light, the +light of heaven." + +"Callistidion!" he said, impatiently; "my girl, this is preposterous. How +long is this to go on? We must take you to Carthage; there is more trade +there, if we can get it; and it will be on the bright, far-resounding sea. +And I will turn rhetorician, and you shall feed my classes." + +"O beautiful, divine light," she continued, "what a loss! O, to think that +one day I must lose you for ever! At home I used to lie awake at night +longing for the morning, and crying out for the god of day. It was like +choice wine to me, a cup of Chian, the first streaks of the Aurora, and I +could hardly bear his bright coming, when he came to me like Semele, for +rapture. How gloriously did he shoot over the hills! and then anon he +rested awhile on the snowy summit of Olympus, as in some luminous shrine, +gladdening the Phrygian plain. Fair, bright-haired god! thou art my +worship, if Callista worships aught: but somehow I worship nothing now. I +am weary." + +"Well," said her brother in a soothing tone, "it is a change. That light, +elastic air, that transparent heaven, that fresh temperate breeze, that +majestic sea! Africa is not Greece; O, the difference! That's it, +Callista; it is the _nostalgia_; you are home-sick." + +"It may be so," she said; "I do not well know what I would have. Yes, the +poisonous dews, the heavy heat, the hideous beasts, the green +fever-gendering swamps. This vast thickly-wooded plain, like some +mysterious labyrinth, oppresses and disquiets me with its very richness. +The luxuriant foliage, the tall, rank plants, the deep, close lanes, I do +not see my way through them, and I pant for breath. I only breathe freely +on this hill. O, how unlike Greece, with the clear, soft, delicate +colouring of its mountains, and the pure azure or the purple of its +waters!" + +"But, my dear Callista," interrupted her brother, "recollect you are not +in those oppressive, gloomy forests, but in Sicca, and no one asks you to +penetrate them. And if you want mountains, I think those on the horizon +are bare enough." + +"And the race of man," she continued, "is worse than all. Where is the +genius of our bright land? where its intelligence, playfulness, grace, and +noble bearing? Here hearts are as black as brows, and smiles as +treacherous as the adders of the wood. The natives are crafty and +remorseless; they never relax; they have no cheerfulness or mirth; their +very love is a furnace, and their sole ecstasy is revenge." + +"No country like home to any of us," said Aristo; "yet here you are. Habit +would be a second nature if you were here long enough; your feelings would +become acclimated, and would find a new home. People get to like the +darkness of the extreme north in course of time. The painted Britons, the +Cimmerians, the Hyperboreans, are content never to see the sun at all, +which is your god. Here your own god reigns; why quarrel with him?" + +"The sun of Greece is light," answered Callista; "the sun of Africa is +fire. I am no fire-worshipper." + +"I suspect even Styx and Phlegethon are tolerable, at length," said her +brother, "if Phlegethon and Styx there be, as the poets tell us." + +"The cold, foggy Styx is the north," said Callista, "and the south is the +scorching, blasting Phlegethon, and Greece, clear, sweet, and sunny, is +the Elysian fields." And she continued her improvisations:-- + + "Where are the islands of the blest? + They stud the gean sea; + And where the deep Elysian rest? + It haunts the vale where Peneus strong + Pours his incessant stream along, + While craggy ridge and mountain bare + Cut keenly through the liquid air, + And, in their own pure tints arrayed, + Scorn earth's green robes which change and fade, + And stand in beauty undecayed, + Guards of the bold and free." + +"A lower flight, if you please, just now," said Aristo, interrupting her. +"I do really wish a serious word with you about Agellius. He's a fellow I +can't help liking, in spite of his misanthropy. Let me plead his cause. +Like him or not yourself, still he has a full purse; and you will do a +service to yourself and to the gods of Greece, and to him too, if you will +smile on him. Smile on him at least for a time; we will go to Carthage +when you are tired. His looks have very little in them of a Christian +left; you may blow it away with your breath." + +"One might do worse than be a Christian," she answered slowly, "if all is +true that I have heard of them." + +Aristo started up in irritation. "By all the gods of Olympus," he said, +"this is intolerable! If a man wants a tormentor, I commend him to a girl +like you. What has ailed thee some time past, you silly child? What have I +done to you that you should have got so cross and contrary and so hard to +please?" + +"I mean," she said, "if I were a Christian, life would be more bearable." + +"Bearable!" he echoed; "bearable! ye gods! more bearable to have Styx and +Tartarus, the Furies and their snakes, in this world as well as in the +next? to have evil within and without, to hate one's self and to be hated +of all men! to live the life of an ass, and to die the death of a dog! +Bearable! But hark! I hear Agellius's step on the staircase. Callista, +dear Callista, be yourself. Listen to reason." + +But Callista would not listen to reason, if her brother was its +embodiment; but went on with her singing:-- + + "For what is Afric but the home + Of burning Phlegethon? + What the low beach and silent gloom, + And chilling mists of that dull river, + Along whose bank the thin ghosts shiver, + The thin, wan ghosts that once were men, + But Tauris, isle of moor and fen; + Or, dimly traced by seaman's ken, + The pale-cliffed Albion?" + +Here she stopped, looked down, and busied herself with her work. + + + + + + CHAPTER XI. + + + CALLISTA'S PREACHING, AND WHAT CAME OF IT. + + +It is undeniably a solemn moment, under any circumstances, and requires a +strong heart, when any one deliberately surrenders himself, soul and body, +to the keeping of another while life shall last; and this, or something +like this, reserving the supreme claim of duty to the Creator, is the +matrimonial contract. In individual cases it may be made without thought +or distress, but surveyed objectively, and as carried out into a +sufficient range of instances, it is so tremendous an undertaking that +nature seems to sink under its responsibilities. When the Christian binds +himself by vows to a religious life, he makes a surrender to Him who is +all-perfect, and whom he may unreservedly trust. Moreover, looking at that +surrender on its human side, he has the safeguard of distinct _provisos_ +and regulations, and of the principles of theology, to secure him against +tyranny on the part of his superiors. But what shall be his encouragement +to make himself over, without condition or stipulation, as an absolute +property, to a fallible being, and that not for a season, but for life? +The mind shrinks from such a sacrifice, and demands that, as religion +enjoins it, religion should sanction and bless it. It instinctively +desires that either the bond should be dissoluble, or that the subjects of +it should be sacramentally strengthened to maintain it. "So help me God," +the formula of every oath, is emphatically necessary here. + +But Agellius is contemplating a superhuman engagement without superhuman +assistance; and that in a state of society in which public opinion, which +in some sense compensates for the absence of religion, supplied human +motives, not for, but against keeping it, and with one who had given no +indication that she understood what marriage meant. No wonder then, that, +in spite of his simplicity, his sanguine temperament, and his delusion, +the more he thought of the step he had taken, the more unsatisfactory he +found it, and the nearer he grew to the time when he must open the subject +with Aristo, the less he felt able to do so. In consequence he was in a +distress of mind, as he ascended the staircase which led to his friend's +lodging, to which his anxiety, as he mounted the hill on the other side of +the city, was tranquillity itself; and, except that he was coming by +engagement, he would have turned back, and for the time at least have put +the whole subject from his thoughts. Yet even then, as often as Callista +rose in his mind's eye, his scruples and misgivings vanished before the +beauty of that image, as mists before the sun; and when he actually stood +in her sweet presence, it seemed as if some secret emanation from her +flowed in upon his heart, and he stood breathless and giddy under the +intensity of the fascination. + +However, the reader must not suppose that in the third century of our era +such negotiations as that which now seems to be on the point of coming off +between Callista and Agellius, were embellished with those transcendental +sentiments and that magnificent ceremonial with which chivalry has +invested them in these latter ages. There was little occasion then for +fine speaking or exquisite deportment; and if there had been, we, who are +the narrators of these hitherto unrecorded transactions, should have been +utterly unable to do justice to them. At that time of day the Christian +had too much simplicity, the heathen too little of real delicacy, to +indulge in the sublimities of modern love-making, at least as it is found +in novels; and in the case before us both gentleman and lady will be +thought, we consider, sadly matter-of-fact, or rather semi-barbarous, by +the votaries of what is just now called European civilization. + +On Agellius's entering the room, Aristo was pacing to and fro in some +discomposure; however, he ran up to his friend, embraced him, and, looking +at him with significance, congratulated him on his good looks. "There is +more fire in your eye," he said, "dear Agellius, and more eloquence in the +turn of your lip, than I have ever yet seen. A new spirit is in you. So +you are determined to come out of your solitude? That you should have been +able to exist in it so long is the wonderment to me." + +Agellius had recovered himself, yet he dared not look again on Callista. +"Do not jest, Aristo," he said; "I am come, as you know, to talk to you +about your sister. I have brought her a present of flowers; they are my +best present, or rather not mine, but the birth of the opening year, as +fair and fragrant as herself." + +"We will offer them to our Pallas Athene," said his friend, "to whom we +artists are especially devout." And he would have led Agellius on, and +made him place them in her niche in the opposite wall. + +"I am more serious than you are," said Agellius; "and I have brought the +best my garden contains as an offering to your sister. _She_ will not +think I bring them for any other purpose. Where are you going?" he +continued, as he saw his friend take down his broad _petasus_. + +"Why," answered Aristo, "since I am so poor an interpreter of your +meaning, you can dispense with me altogether. I will leave you to speak +for yourself, and meanwhile will go and see what old Dromo has to tell, +before the sun is too high in the heavens." + +Saying this, with a half-imploring, half-satirical look at his sister, he +set off to the barber's at the Forum. + +Agellius took up the flowers, and laid them on the table before her, as +she sat at work. "Do you accept my flowers, Callista?" he asked. + +"Fair and fragrant, like myself, are they?" she made reply. "Give them to +me." She took them, and bent over them. "The blushing rose," she said, +gravely, "the stately lily, the royal carnation, the golden moly, the +purple amaranth, the green bryon, the diosanthos, the sertula, the sweet +modest saliunca, fit emblems of Callista. Well, in a few hours they will +have faded; yes, they will get more and more like her." + +She paused and looked him steadily in the face, and then continued: +"Agellius, I once had a slave who belonged to your religion. She had been +born in a Christian family, and came into my possession on her master's +death. She was unlike any one I have seen before or since; she cared for +nothing, yet was not morose or peevish or hard-hearted. She died young in +my service. Shortly before her end she had a dream. She saw a company of +bright shades, clothed in white, like the hours which circle round the god +of day. They were crowned with flowers, and they said to each other, +'_She_ ought to have a token too.' So they took her hand, and led her to a +most beautiful lady, as stately as Juno and as sweet as Ariadne, so +radiant in countenance that they themselves suddenly looked like +Ethiopians by the side of her. She, too, was crowned with flowers, and +these so dazzling that they might be the stars of heaven or the gems of +Asia for what Chione could tell. And that fair goddess (angel you call +her) said, 'My dear, here is something for you from my Son. He sends you +by me a red rose for your love, a white lily for your chastity, purple +violets to strew your grave, and green palms to flourish over it.' Is this +the reason why you give me flowers, Agellius, that I may rank with Chione? +and is this their interpretation?" + +"Callista," he answered, "it is my heart's most fervent wish, it is my +mind's vivid anticipation, that the day may come when you will receive +such a crown, nay, a brighter one." + +"And you are come, of course, to philosophize to me, and to put me in the +way of dying like Chione," she made answer. "I implore your pardon. You +are offering me flowers, it seems, not for a bridal wreath, but for a +funeral urn." + +"Is it wonderful," said Agellius, "that the two wishes should have gone +together in my heart; and that while I trusted and prayed that you might +have the same Master in heaven as I have myself, I also hoped you would +have the same service, the same aims, the same home upon earth?" + +"And that you should speak one word for your Master and two for yourself!" +she retorted. + +"It has been by feeling how much you could be to me," he answered, "that I +have been led to think how much my Master may be doing for you already, +and how much in time to come you might do for Him. Callista, do not urge +me with your Greek subtlety, or expect me to analyze my feelings more +precisely than I have the ability to do. May I calmly tell you the state +of my mind, as I do know it, and will you patiently listen?" + +She signified her willingness, and he continued--"This only I know," he +said, "what I have experienced ever since I first heard you converse, that +there is between you and me a unity of thought so strange that I should +have deemed it could not have been, before I found it actually to exist, +between any two persons whatever; and which, widely as we are separated in +opinion and habit, and differently as we have been brought up, is to me +inexplicable. I find it difficult to explain what I mean; we disagree +certainly on the most important subjects, yet there is an unaccountable +correspondence in the views we take of things, in our impressions, in the +line in which our minds move, and the issues to which they come, in our +judgment of what is great and little, and the manner in which objects +affect our feelings. When I speak to my uncle, when I speak to your +brother, I do not understand them, nor they me. We are moving in different +spheres, and I am solitary, however much they talk. But to my +astonishment, I find between you and me one language. Is it wonderful +that, in proportion to my astonishment, I am led to refer it to one cause, +and think that one Master Hand must have engraven those lines on the soul +of each of us? Is it wonderful that I should fancy that He who has made us +alike has made us for each other, and that the very same persuasives by +which I bring you to cast your eyes on me, may draw you also to cast +yourself in adoration at the feet of my Master?" + +For an instant tears seemed about to start from Callista's eyes, but she +repressed the emotion, if it were such, and answered with impetuosity, +"Your Master! who is your Master? what know I of your Master? what have +you ever told me of your Master? I suppose it is an esoteric doctrine +which I am not worthy to know; but so it is, here you have been again and +again, and talked freely of many things, yet I am in as much darkness +about your Master as if I had never seen you. I know He died; I know too +that Christians say He lives. In some fortunate island, I suppose; for, +when I have asked, you have got rid of the subject as best you could. You +have talked about your law and your various duties, and what you consider +right, and what is forbidden, and of some of the old writers of your sect, +and of the Jews before them; but if, as you imply, my wants and +aspirations are the same as yours, what have you done towards satisfying +them? what have you done for that Master towards whom you now propose to +lead me? No!" she continued, starting up, "you have watched those wants +and aspirations for yourself, not for Him; you have taken interest in +them, you have cherished them, as if you were the author, you the object +of them. You profess to believe in One True God, and to reject every +other; and now you are implying that the Hand, the Shadow of that God is +on my mind and heart. Who is this God? where? how? in what? O Agellius, +you have stood in the way of Him, ready to speak for yourself, using Him +as a means to an end." + +"O Callista," said Agellius, in an agitated voice, when he could speak, +"do my ears hear aright? do you really wish to be taught who the true God +is?" + +"No, mistake me not," she cried passionately, "I have no such wish. I +could not be of your religion. Ye Gods! how have I been deceived! I +thought every Christian was like Chione. I thought there could not be a +cold Christian. Chione spoke as if a Christian's first thoughts were +goodwill to others; as if his state were of such blessedness, that his +dearest heart's wish was to bring others into it. Here is a man who, so +far from feeling himself blest, thinks I can bless him! comes to me--me, +Callista, a herb of the field, a poor weed, exposed to every wind of +heaven, and shrivelling before the fierce sun--to me he comes to repose his +heart upon. But as for any blessedness he has to show me, why, since he +does not feel any himself, no wonder he has none to give away. I thought a +Christian was superior to time and place; but all is hollow. Alas, alas, I +am young in life to feel the force of that saying, with which sages go out +of it, 'Vanity and hollowness!' Agellius, when I first heard you were a +Christian, how my heart beat! I thought of her who was gone; and at first +I thought I saw her in you, as if there had been some magical sympathy +between you and her; and I hoped that from you I might have learned more +of that strange strength which my nature needs, and which she told me she +possessed. Your words, your manner, your looks were altogether different +from others who came near me. But so it was; you came, and you went, and +came again; I thought it reserve, I thought it timidity, I thought it the +caution of a persecuted sect; but O, my disappointment, when first I saw +in you indications that you were thinking of me only as others think, and +felt towards me as others may feel; that you were aiming at me, not at +your God; that you had much to tell of yourself, but nothing of Him! Time +was I might have been led to worship you, Agellius; you have hindered it +by worshipping _me_." + +It is not often, we suppose, that such deep offence is given to a lady by +the sort of admiration of which Agellius had been guilty in the case of +Callista; however, startled as he might be, and startled and stung he was, +there was too much earnestness in her distress, too much of truth in her +representations, too much which came home to his heart and conscience, to +allow of his being affronted or irritated. She had but supplied the true +interpretation of the misgiving which had haunted him that morning, from +the time he set out till the moment of his entering the room. Jucundus +some days back had readily acquiesced in his assurance that he was not +inconsistent; but Callista had not been so indulgent, though really more +merciful. There was a pause in the conversation, or rather in her +outpouring; each had bitter thoughts, and silently devoured them. At +length, she began again:-- + +"So the religion of Chione is a dream; now for four years I had hoped it +was a reality. All things again are vanity; I had hoped there was +something somewhere more than I could see; but there is nothing. Here am I +a living, breathing woman, with an over-flowing heart, with keen +affections, with a yearning after some object which may possess me. I +cannot exist without something to rest upon. I cannot fall back upon that +drear, forlorn state, which philosophers call wisdom, and moralists call +virtue. I cannot enrol myself a votary of that cold Moon, whose arrows do +but freeze me. I cannot sympathize in that majestic band of sisters whom +Rome has placed under the tutelage of Vesta. I must have something to +love; love is my life. Why do you come to me, Agellius, with your +every-day gallantry. Can you compete with the noble Grecian forms which +have passed before my eyes? Is your voice more manly, are its tones more +eloquent, than those which have thrilled through my ears since I ceased to +be a child? Can you add perfume to the feast by your wit, or pour sunshine +over grot and rushing stream by your smile? _What_ can you give me? There +was one thing which I thought you _could_ have given me, better than +anything else; but it is a shadow. You have nothing to give. You have +thrown me back upon my dreary, dismal self, and the deep wounds of my +memory.... Poor, poor Agellius! but it was not his fault, it could not be +helped," she continued, as if in thought; "it could not be helped; for, if +he had nothing to give, how could he give it? After all, he wanted +something to love, just as I did; and he could find nothing better than +me.... And they thought to persuade her to spend herself upon him, as she +had spent herself upon others. Yes, it was Jucundus and Aristo--my brother, +even my own brother. They thought not of _me_." Here her tears gushed out +violently, and she abandoned herself to a burst of emotion. "They were +thinking of _him_. I had hoped he could lead me to what was higher; but +woe, woe!" she cried, wringing her hands, "they thought I was only fit to +bring him low. Well; after all, _is_ Callista really good for much more +than the work they have set her to do?" + +She was absorbed in her own misery in an intense sense of degradation, in +a keen consciousness of the bondage of nature, in a despair of ever +finding what alone could give meaning to her existence, and an object to +her intellect and affections. And Agellius on the other hand, what +surprise, remorse, and humiliation came upon him! It was a strange +contrast, the complaint of nature unregenerate on the one hand, the +self-reproach of nature regenerate and lapsing on the other. At last he +spoke, and they were his last words. + +"Callista," he said, "whatever injury I may have unwillingly inflicted +upon you, you at least have returned me good for evil, and have made +yourself my benefactress. Certainly, I now know myself better than I did; +and He who has made use of you as His instrument of mercy towards me, will +not forget to reward you tenfold. One word will I say for myself; nay, not +for myself, but for my Master. Do not for an instant suppose that what you +thought of the Christian religion is not true. It reveals a present God, +who satisfies every affection of the heart, yet keeps it pure. I serve a +Master," he continued, blushing from modesty and earnestness as he spoke, +"I serve a Master whose love is stronger than created love. God help my +inconsistency! but I never meant to love you as I love Him. You are +destined for His love. I commit you to Him, your true Lord, whom I never +ought to have rivalled, for whom I ought simply to have pleaded. Though I +am not worthy to approach you, I shall trace you at a distance, who knows +where? perhaps even to the prison and to the arena of those who confess +the Saviour of men, and dare to suffer and die for His name. And now, +farewell; to His keeping and that of His holy martyrs I commit you." + +He did not trust himself to look at her as he turned to the door, and left +the room. + + + + + + CHAPTER XII. + + + A DEATH. + + +The first stages of repentance are but a fever, in which there is +restlessness and thirst, hot and cold fits, vague, dreary dreams, long +darkness which seems destined never to have a morning, effort without +result, and collapse without reaction. These symptoms had already +manifested themselves in Agellius; he spoke calmly to Callista, and +sustained himself by the claims of the moment; but no sooner had he left +the room and was thrown upon himself, than his self-possession left him, +and he fell into an agony, or rather anarchy of tumultuous feelings. Then +rose up before his mind a hundred evil spectres, not less scaring and more +real than the dreams of the delirious. He thought of the singular favour +which had been shown him in his reception into the Christian fold, and +that at so early a date; of the myriads all around who continued in +heathenism as they had been born, and of his utter insensibility to his +own privilege. He felt how much would be required of him, and how little +hitherto had been forthcoming. He thought of the parable of the barren +fig-tree, and the question was whispered in his ear whether it would not +be fulfilled in him. He asked himself in what his heart and his conduct +differed from the condition of a fairly virtuous heathen. And then he +thought of Callista in contrast with himself, as having done more with the +mite which she possessed than he had done with many pounds. He felt that +Tyre and Sidon were rising up against him in her person; or rather how the +saying seemed about to be verified in her, that strangers should sit down +in the kingdom from far countries, while those who were the heirs should +be thrust out. He had been rebuked by one to whom he rather ought to have +brought self-knowledge and compunction, and she was sensitively alive to +his want of charity. She had felt bitterly that she was left in ignorance +and sin by one who had what she had not. She had accused him of being +zealous enough to win her to himself, when he had shown no zeal at all to +win her to her Maker. If she was brought to the truth at length, there +would be no thanks to him for the happy change; yet on the other hand, +though he had predicted it, alas! was it likely that it would be granted? +Had she not had her opportunity, which was lost because he had not +improved it? Yes, she had with a deliberate mind and in set words put +aside and taken leave of that which she once desired and hoped might have +been her own, sorrowfully indeed, but peremptorily, as firmly persisting +in rejecting it, as she might have persisted in maintaining it; and, if +she died in infidelity, horrible thought! would not the burden lie on him, +and was this to be the token of the love which he pretended to entertain +for her? + +What was he living for? what was the work he had set himself to do? Did he +live to plant flowers, or to rear fruit, to maintain himself and to make +money? Was that a time to pride himself on vineyards and oliveyards, when, +like Eliseus, he was one among myriads who were in unbelief? Ah, the +difference between a saint and him? Of what good was he on earth; why +should not he die? why so chary of his life? why preserve his wretched +life at all? Could he not do more by giving it than by keeping it? Might +it not have been given him perchance for the very purpose that he might +sacrifice it for Him who had given it? He had been timid about making a +profession of his faith, which might have led to prison and death; but +perhaps the very object of his life in the divine purpose, the very reason +of his birth, had been that, as soon as he was grown, he should die for +the truth. He might have been cut off by disease; he was not; and why, +except that he might merit in his death, and that what, in the ordinary +course of things, was a mere suffering, might in his case be an act of +service? His death might have been the conversion of thousands, of +Callista; and the fewness of his days here would have been his claim to a +blessed eternity hereafter. + +Nor Callista alone; he had natural friends, with nearer claims upon his +charity. Had he been other than he was, he might have prevailed with his +uncle; at least he might have taught him to respect the Christian Faith +and Name, and restrained him from daring to attempt, for he now saw that +it was an attempt, to seduce him into sin. He might have lodged a good +seed in his heart, which in the hour of sickness might have germinated. +And his brother again had learned to despise him; indeed he had raised in +every one who came near him the suspicion that he was not really a +Christian, that he was an apostate (he could not help uttering a cry of +anguish as he used the word), an apostate from that which was his real +life and supreme worship. + +Why did he not at once go into the Basilica or the Gymnasium, and proclaim +himself a Christian? There were rumours abroad that the new emperor was +beginning a new policy towards his religion; let him inaugurate it in +Agellius. Might he not thus perchance wash out his sin? He would be led +into the amphitheatre, as his betters had been led before him; the crowds +would yell, and the lion would be let loose upon him. He would confront +the edict, tear it down, be seized by the apparitor, and hurried to the +rack or the slow fire. Callista would hear of it, and would learn at +length he was not quite the craven and the recreant which she thought him. + +Then his thoughts took a turn. Callista! what was Callista to him? Why +should he think of her, when she was girding him to martyrdom? Was she to +be the motive which was to animate him, and her praise his reward? Alas, +alas! could he gain heaven by pleasing a heathen? "But to whom then," he +continued, "am I to look up? who is to give me sympathy? who is to +encourage, to advise me? O my Father, pity me! a feeble child, a poor, +outcast, wandering sheep, away from the fold, torn by the briars and +thorns, and no one to bind his wounds and retrace his steps for him. Why +am I thus alone in the world? why am I without a pastor and guide? Ah, was +not this my fault in remaining in Sicca? I have no tie here; let me go to +Carthage, or to Tagaste, or to Madaura, or to Hippo. I am not fit to walk +the world by myself; I am too simple, and am no match for its artifices." + +Here another thought took possession of him, which had as yet but crossed +his mind, and it made him colour up with confusion and terror. "They were +laying a plot for me," he said, "my uncle and Aristo; and it is Callista +who has defeated it." And as he spoke, he felt how much he owed to her, +and how dangerous too it was to think of his debt. Yet it would not be +wrong to pray for her; she had marred the device of which she was to have +been the agent. "Laqueus contritus est, et nos liberati sumus:" the net +was broken and he was delivered. She had refused his devotion, that he +might give it to his God; and now he would only think of her, and whisper +her name, when he was kneeling before the Blessed Mary, his advocate. O +that that second and better Eve, who brought salvation into the world, as +our first mother brought death, O that she might bear Callista's name in +remembrance, and get it written in the Book of life! + +It was high noon; and all this time Agellius was walking in his present +excited mood, without covering to his head, under the burning rays of the +sun, not knowing which way he went, and retracing his steps, as he +wandered about at random, with a vague notion he was going homewards. The +few persons whom he met, creeping about under the shadow of the lofty +houses, or under the porticoes of the temples, looked at him with wonder, +and thought him furious or deranged. The shafts of the sun were not so hot +as his own thoughts, or as the blood which shot to and fro so fiercely in +his veins; but they were working fearfully on his physical frame, though +they could not increase the fever of his mind. He had come to the Forum; +the market people were crouching under their booths or the shelter of +their baskets. The riffraff of the city, who lived by their wits, or by +odd jobs, or on the windfalls of the market; lazy fellows who did nothing, +who did not move till hunger urged them, like the brute; half-idiotic +chewers of opium, ragged or rather naked children, the butcher boys and +scavengers of the temples, lay at their length at the mouth of the caverns +formed by the precipitous rock, or under the Arch of Triumph, or amid the +columns of the Gymnasium and the Heracleum, or in the doorways of the +shops. A scattering of beggars were lying, poor creatures, on their backs +in the blazing sun, reckless of the awful maladies, the fits, the +seizures, and the sudden death, which might be the consequence. + +Numbers out of this mixed multitude were asleep; some were looking with +dull listless eyes at the still scene, or at any accidental movements +which might vary it. They saw a figure coming nearer and nearer and wildly +passing by. Just then Agellius was diverted from his painful meditations +by hearing one of these fellows say to another, as he roused from a sort +of doze, "That's one of them. We know them all, but very poor pickings can +be got out of them; but he has more than most. They're a low set in +Sicca." And then the man cried out, "Look sharp, young chap! the Furies +are at your heels, and the Fates are going before you. Look there at the +emperor; he is looking at you, as grim and sour as you could wish him." He +spoke of the equestrian statue of Severus before the Basilica on the +right; and, attracted by his words, Agellius went up to a board which was +fixed to its base. It was an imperial edict, and it ran as follows:-- + +"Cneius Trajanus Decius, Augustus; and Quintus Herennius Etruscus Decius, +Csar; Emperors, unconquerable and pious; by united council these:-- + +"Whereas we have experienced the benefits and the gifts of the gods, and +do also enjoy the victory which they have given us over our enemies, and +moreover salubrity of seasons, and abundance in the fruits of the earth; + +"Therefore, acknowledging the aforesaid as our benefactors and the +providers of those things which are necessary for the commonwealth, we +make this our decree, that every class of the state, freemen and slaves, +the army and civilians, offer to the gods expiatory sacrifices, falling +down in supplication before them; + +"And if any one shall presume to disobey this our divine command, which we +unite in promulgating, we order that man to be thrown into chains, and to +be subjected to various tortures; + +"And should he thereupon be persuaded to reverse his disobedience, he +shall receive from us no slight honours; + +"But should he hold out in opposition, first he shall have many tortures, +and then shall be executed by the sword, or thrown into the deep sea, or +given as a prey to birds and dogs; + +"And more than all if such a person be a professor of the Christian +religion. + +"Farewell, and live happy." + +The old man in the fable called on Death, and Death made his appearance. +We are very far indeed from meaning that Agellius uttered random words, or +spoke impatiently, when he just now expressed a wish to have the +opportunity of dying for the Faith. Nevertheless, what now met his eyes +and was transmitted through them, sentence by sentence, into his mind, was +not certainly of a nature to calm the tumult which was busy in breast and +brain; a sickness came over him, and he staggered away. The words of the +edict still met his eyes, and were of a bright red colour. The sun was +right before him, but the letters were in the sun, and the sun in his +brain. He reeled and fell heavily on the pavement. No notice was taken of +the occurrence by the spectators around him. They lazily or curiously +looked on, and waited to see if he would recover. + +How long he lay there he could not tell, when he came to himself; if it +could really be said to be coming to himself to have the power of motion, +and an instinct that he must move, and move in one direction. He managed +to rise and lean against the pedestal of the statue, and its shade by this +time protected him. Then an intense desire came upon him to get home, and +that desire gave him a temporary preternatural strength. It came upon him +as a duty to leave Sicca for his cottage, and he set off. He had a +confused notion that he must do his duty, and go straight forward, and +turn neither to the right, nor the left, and stop nowhere, but move on +steadily for his true home. But next an impression came upon him that he +was running away from persecution, and that this ought not to be, and that +he ought to face the enemy, or at least not to hide from him, but meekly +wait for him. + +As he went along the narrow streets which led down the hill towards the +city gate this thought came so powerfully upon him that at length he sat +down on a stone which projected from an open shop, and thought of +surrendering himself. He felt the benefit of the rest, and this he fancied +to be the calm of conscience consequent upon self-surrender and +resignation. It was a fruiterer's stall, and the owner, seeing his +exhaustion, offered him some slices of a water-melon for his refreshment. +He ate one of them, and then again a vague feeling came on him that he was +in danger of idolatry, and must protest against idolatry, and that he +ought not to remain in the neighbourhood of temptation. So, throwing down +the small coin which was sufficient for payment, he continued his journey. +The rest and the refreshment of the fruit, and the continued shade which +the narrow street allowed him, allayed the fever, and for the time +recruited him, and he moved on languidly. The sun, however, was still high +in heaven, and when he got beyond the city beat down upon his head from a +cloudless sky. He painfully toiled up the ascent which led to his cottage. +He had nearly gained the gate of his homestead; he saw his old household +slave, born in his father's house, a Christian like himself, coming to +meet him. A dizziness came over him, he lost his senses, and fell down +helplessly upon the bank. + + + + + + CHAPTER XIII. + + + AND RESURRECTION. + + +Jucundus was quite as much amused as provoked at the result of the +delicate negotiation in which he had entangled his nephew. It was a +gratification to him to find that its ill success had been owing in no +respect to any fault on the side of Agellius. He had done his part without +shrinking, and the view which he, Jucundus, had taken of his state of +mind, was satisfactorily confirmed. He had nothing to fear from Agellius, +and though he had failed in securing the guarantee which he had hoped for +his attachment to things as they were, yet in the process of failure it +had been proved that his nephew might be trusted without it. And it was a +question, whether a girl so full of whims and caprices as Callista might +after all have done him any permanent good. The absurd notion, indeed, of +her having a leaning for Christianity had been refuted by her conduct on +the occasion; still, who could rely on a clever and accomplished Greek? +There were secret societies and conspiracies in abundance, and she might +have involved so weak and innocent a fellow in some plans against the +government, now or at a future time; or might have alienated him from his +uncle, or in some way or other made a fool of him, if she had consented to +have him for her slave. Why she had rejected so eligible a suitor it was +now useless and idle to inquire; it might be that the haughty or greedy +Greek had required him to bid higher for her favourable notice. If the +negotiation had taken such a turn, then indeed there was still more +gratifying evidence of Agellius having broken from his fantastic and +peevish superstition. + +Still, however, he was not without anxiety, now that the severe measures +directed against the Christians were in progress. No overt act, indeed, +beyond the publication of the edict, had been taken in Sicca--probably +would be taken at all. The worst was, that something must be done to make +a show; he could have wished that some of the multitude of townspeople, +half suspected of Christianity, had stood firm, and suffered themselves to +be tortured and executed. One or two would have been enough; but the +magistracy got no credit with the central government for zeal and activity +if no Christians were made an example of. Yet still it was a question +whether the strong acts at Carthage and elsewhere would not suffice, +though the lesser towns did nothing. At least, while the populace was +quiet, there was nothing to press for severity. There were no rich +Christians in Sicca to tempt the cupidity of the informer or of the +magistrate; no political partisans among them, who had made enemies with +this or that class of the community. But, supposing a bad feeling to rise +in the populace, supposing the magistrates to have ill-wishers and +rivals--and what men in power had not?--who might be glad to catch them +tripping, and make a case against them at Rome, why, it must be confessed +that Agellius was nearly the only victim who could be pitched upon. He +wished Callista no harm, but, if a Christian must be found and held up _in +terrorem_, he would rather it was a person like her, without connections +and home, than the member of any decent family of Sicca, whose fair fame +would be compromised by a catastrophe. However, she was _not_ a Christian, +and Agellius _was_, at least by profession; and his fear was lest Juba +should be right in his estimate of his brother's character. Juba had said +that Agellius could be as obstinate as he was ordinarily indolent and +yielding, and Jucundus dreaded lest, if he were rudely charged with +Christianity, and bidden to renounce it under pain of punishment, he would +rebel against the tyrannical order, and go to prison and to death out of +sheer perverseness or sense of honour. + +With these perplexities before him, he could find nothing better than the +following plan of action, which had been in his mind for some time. While +the edict remained inoperative, he would do nothing at all, and let +Agellius go on with his country occupations, which would keep him out of +the way. But if any disposition appeared of a popular commotion, or a +movement on the part of the magistracy, he determined to get possession of +Agellius, and forcibly confine him in his own house in Sicca. He hoped +that in the case of one so young, so uncommitted, he should have influence +with the municipal authorities, or at the prtorium, or in the camp (for +the camp and the prtorium were under different jurisdictions in the +proconsulate), to shelter Agellius from a public inquiry into his +religious tenets, or if this could not be, to smuggle him out of the city. +He was ready to affirm solemnly that his nephew was no Christian, though +he was touched in the head, and, from an affection parallel to +hydrophobia, to which the disciples of Galen ought to turn their +attention, was sent into convulsions on the sight of an altar. His father, +indeed, was a malignant old atheist--there was no harm in being angry with +the dead--but it was very hard the son should suffer for his father's +offence. If he must be judged of by his parents, let him rather have the +advantage of the thorough loyalty and religiousness of his mother, a most +zealous old lady, in high repute in the neighbourhood of Sicca for her +theurgic knowledge, a staunch friend of the imperial government, which had +before now been indebted to her for important information, and as staunch +a hater of the Christians. Such was the plan of proceedings resolved on by +Jucundus before he received the news of his nephew's serious malady. It +did not reach him till many days after; and then he did not go to see him, +first, lest he should be supposed to be in communication with him, next, +as having no respect for that romantic sort of generosity which risks the +chances of contagion for the absurd ceremony of paying a compliment. + +It was thus that Jucundus addressed himself to the present state of +affairs, and anticipated the chances of the future. As to Aristo, he had +very little personal interest in the matter. His sister might have +thwarted him in affairs which lay nearer his heart than the moral +emancipation of Agellius; and as she generally complied with his +suggestions and wishes, whatever they were, he did not grudge her her +liberty of action in this instance. Nor had the occurrence which had taken +place any great visible effect upon Callista herself. She had lost her +right to be indignant with her brother, and she resigned or rather +abandoned herself to her destiny. Her better feelings had been brought out +for the moment in her conversation with Agellius; but they were not +ordinary ones. True, she was tired, but she was the slave of the world; +and Agellius had only made her more sceptical than before that there was +any service better. So at least she said to herself; she said it was +fantastic to go elsewhere for good, and that, if life was short, then, as +her brother said, it was necessary to make the most of it. + + + +And meanwhile, what of Agellius himself? Why, it will be some little time +before Agellius will be in a condition to moralize upon anything. His +faithful slave half-carried, half-drew him into the cottage, and stretched +him upon his bed. Then, having sufficient skill for the ordinary illnesses +of the country, though this was more than an ordinary fever, he drew blood +from him, gave him a draught of herbs, and left him to the slow but safe +processes of nature to restore him. It could not be affirmed that he was +not in considerable danger of life, yet youth carries hope with it, and +his attendant had little to fear for his recovery. For some days certainly +Agellius had no apprehension of anything, except of restlessness and +distress, of sleepless nights, or dreary, miserable dreams. At length one +morning, as he was lying on his back with his eyes shut, it came into his +mind to ask himself whether Sunday would ever come. He had been accustomed +upon the first day of the week to say some particular prayers and psalms, +and unite himself in spirit with his brethren beyond seas. And then he +tried to remember the last Sunday; and the more he thought, the less he +could remember it, till he began to think that months had gone without a +Sunday. This he was certain of, that he had lost reckoning, for he had +made no notches for the days for a long while past, and unless his slave +Asper knew, there was no one to tell him. Here he got so puzzled, that it +was like one of the bad dreams which had worried him. He felt it affect +his head, and he was obliged to give up the inquiry. + +From this time his sleep was better and more refreshing for several days; +he was more collected when he was awake, and was able to ask himself why +he lay there, and what had happened to him. Then gradually his memory +began to return like the dawning of the day; the cause and the +circumstances of his recent visit to the city, point after point came up, +and he felt first wonder, and then certainty. He recollected the Forum, +and then the edict; a solemn, overpowering emotion here seized him, and +for a while he dared not think more. When he recovered, and tried to +pursue the events of the day, he found himself unequal to the task; all +was dark, except that he had some vague remembrance of thirsting, and some +one giving him to drink, and then his saying with the Psalmist, +"Transivimus per ignem et aquam." + +He opened his eyes and looked about him. He was at home. There was some +one at the bed-head whom he could not see hanging over him, and he was too +weak to raise himself and so command a view of him. He waited patiently, +being too feeble to have any great anxiety on the subject. Presently a +voice addressed him: "You are recovering, my son," it said. + +"Who are _you_?" said Agellius abruptly. The person spoken to applied his +mouth to Agellius's ear, and uttered lowly several sacred names. + +Agellius would have started up had he been strong enough; he could but +sink down upon his rushes in agitation. + +"Be content to know no more at present," said the stranger, "praise God, +as I do. You know enough for your present strength. It is your act of +obedience for the day." + +It was a deep, clear, peaceful, authoritative voice. In his present state, +as we have said, it cost Agellius no great effort to mortify curiosity; +and the accents of that voice soothed him, and the mystery employed his +mind, and had something pleasing and attractive in it. Moreover, about the +main point there was no mystery, and could be no mistake, that he was in +the hands of a Christian ecclesiastic. + +The stranger occupied himself for a time with a book of prayers which he +carried about him, and then again with the duties of a sick-bed. He +sprinkled vinegar over Agellius's face and about the room, and supplied +him with the refreshment of cooling fruit. He kept the flies from +tormenting him, and did his best so to arrange his posture that he might +suffer least from his long lying. In the morning and evening he let in the +air, and he excluded the sultry noon. In these various occupations he was +from time to time removed to a distance from the patient, who thus had an +opportunity of observing him. The stranger was of middle height, upright, +and well proportioned; he was dressed in a peasant's or slave's dark +tunic. His face was rather round than long; his hair black, yet with the +promise of greyness, with what might be baldness in the crown, or a +priest's tonsure. His short beard curled round his chin; his complexion +was very clear. But the most striking point about him was his eyes; they +were of a light or greyish blue, transparent, and shining like precious +stones. + +From the day that they first interchanged words, the priest said some +short prayers from time to time with Agellius--the Lord's Prayer, and +portions of the Psalms. Afterwards, when he was well enough to converse, +Agellius was struck with the inexpressible peculiarity of his manner. It +was self-collected, serene, gentle, tender, unobtrusive, unstudied. It +enabled him to say things severe and even stern, without startling, +offending, or repelling the hearer. He spoke very little about himself, +though from time to time points of detail were elicited of his history in +the course of conversation. He said that his name was Ccilius. Asper, +when he entered the room, would kneel down and offer to kiss the +stranger's sandal, though the latter generally managed to prevent it. + +Ccilius did not speak much about himself; but Agellius, on the other +hand, found it a relief to tell out his own history, and reflect upon and +describe his own feelings. As he lay on his bed, he half soliloquized, +half addressed himself to the stranger. Sometimes he required an answer; +sometimes he seemed to require none. Once he asked suddenly, after a long +silence, whether a man could be baptized twice; and when the priest +answered distinctly in the negative, Agellius replied that if so, he +thought it would be best never to be baptized till the hour of death. It +was a question, he said, which had perplexed him a good deal, but he never +had had any one to converse with on the subject. + +Ccilius answered, "But how could you promise yourself that you would be +able to obtain the sacrament at the last moment? The water and the +administrator might come just too late; and then where would you be, my +son? And then again, how do you know you would wish it? Is your will +simply in your own power? 'Carpe diem;' take God's gift while you can." + +"The benefit is so immense," answered Agellius, "that one would wish, if +one could, to enter into the unseen world without losing its fulness. This +cannot be, if a long time elapses between baptism and death." + +"You are, then, of the number of those," said Ccilius, "who would cheat +their Maker of His claim on their life, provided they could (as it is +said) in their last moment cheat the devil." + +Agellius continuing silent, Ccilius added, "You want to enjoy this world, +and to inherit the next; is it so?" + +"I am puzzled, my head is weak, father; I do not see my way to speak." +Presently he said, "Sin after baptism is so awful a matter; there is no +second laver for sin; and then again, to sin against baptism is so great a +sin." + +The priest said, "In baptism God becomes your Father; your own God; your +worship; your love--can you give up this great gift all through your life? +Would you live 'without God in this world'?" + +Tears came into Agellius's eyes, and his throat became oppressed. At last +he said, distinctly and tenderly, "No." + +After a while the priest said, "I suppose what you fear is the fire of +judgment, and the prison; not lest you should fall away and be lost." + +"I know, my dear father," answered the sick youth, "that I have no right +to reckon on anything, or promise myself anything; yet somehow I have +never feared hell--though I ought, I know I ought; but I have not. I +deserve the worst, but somehow I have thought that God would lead me on. +He ever has done so." + +"Then you fear the fire of judgment," said Ccilius; "you'd put off +baptism for fear of that fire." + +"I did not say I _would_," answered Agellius; "I wanted _you_ to explain +the thing to me." + +"Which would you rather, Agellius, be without God here, or suffer the fire +there?" + +Agellius smiled; he said faintly, "I take Him for my portion here _and_ +there: _He_ will be in the fire with me." + +Agellius lay quiet for some hours, and seemed asleep. Suddenly he began +again, "I was baptized when I was only six years old. I'm glad you do not +think it was wilful in me, and wrong. I cannot tell what took me," he +presently continued. "It was a fervour; I have had nothing of the kind +since. What does our Lord say? I can't remember: 'Novissima pejora +prioribus.' " + +He continued the train of thought another day, or rather the course of his +argument; for on the thought itself his mind seemed ever to be working. +"My spring is gone," he said, "and I have no summer. Nay, I have had no +spring; it was a day, not a season. It came, and it went; where am I now? +Can spring ever return? I wish to begin again in right earnest." + +"Thank God, my son, for this great mercy," said Ccilius, "that, though +you have relaxed, you have never severed yourself from the peace of the +Church, you have not denied your God." + +Agellius sighed bitterly. "O my father," he said, " 'Erravi, sicut ovis +qu periit.' I have been very near denying Him, at least by outward act. +You do not know me; you cannot know what has come on me lately. And I dare +not look back on it, my heart is so weak. My father, how am I to repent of +what is past, when I dare not think of it? To think of it is to renew the +sin." + +" 'Puer meus, noli timere,' " answered the priest; " 'si transieris per +ignem, odor ejus non erit in te.' In penance, the grace of God carries you +without harm through thoughts and words which _would_ harm you apart from +it." + +"Ah, penance!" said Agellius; "I recollect the catechism. What is it, +father? a new grace, I know; a plank after baptism. May I have it?" + +"You are not strong enough yet to think of these things, Agellius," +answered Ccilius. "Please God, you shall get well. Then you shall review +all your life, and bring it out in order before Him; and He, through me, +will wipe away all that has been amiss. Praise Him who has spared you for +this." + +It was too much for the patient in his weak state; he could but shed happy +tears. + +Another day he had sat up in bed. He looked at his hands, from which the +skin was peeling; he felt his lips, and it was with them the same; and his +hair seemed coming off also. He smiled and said, "Renovabitur, ut aquila, +juventus mea." + +Ccilius responded, as before, with sacred words which were new to +Agellius: " 'Qui sperant in Domino mutabunt fortitudinem; assument pennas, +sicut aquil,' 'Sursum corda!' you must soar, Agellius." + +" 'Sursum corda!' " answered he; "I know those words. They are old +friends; where have I heard them? I can't recollect; but they are in my +earliest memories. Ah! but, my father, my heart is below, not above. I +want to tell you all. I want to tell you about one who has enthralled my +heart; who has divided it with my True Love. But I daren't speak of her, +as I have said; I dare not speak, lest I be carried away. O, I blush to +say it; she is a heathen! May God save her soul! Will He come to me, and +not to her? 'Investigabiles vi ejus.' " + +He remained silent for some time; then he said, "Father, I mean to +dedicate myself to God, simply, absolutely, with His grace. I will be His, +and He shall be mine. No one shall come between us. But O this weak +heart!" + +"Keep your good resolves till you are stronger," said the priest. "It is +easy to make them on a sick-bed. You must first reckon the charges." + +Agellius smiled. "I know the passage, father," he said, and he repeated +the sacred words: "If any man come to Me, and hate not his father and +mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his +own life also, he cannot be My disciple." + +Another time Agellius said: "The Martyrs; surely the old bishop used to +say something about the Martyrs. He spoke of a second baptism, and called +it a baptism of blood; and said, 'Might his soul be with the Martyrs!' +Father, would not this wash out every thing, as the first?" + +It was now Ccilius who smiled, and his eyes shone like the sapphires of +the Holy City; and he seemed the ideal of him who, when + + "Called upon to face + Some awful moment to which heaven has joined + Great issues, good or bad for humankind, + Is happy as a lover, and attired + With sudden brightness, like a man inspired." + +However, he soon controlled himself, and said, "Quo ego vado, non potes me +modo sequi; sequeris autem postea." + + + + + + CHAPTER XIV. + + + A SMALL CLOUD. + + +This sort of intercourse, growing in frequency and fulness, went on for +about a week, till Agellius was able to walk with support, and to leave +the cottage. The priest and his own slave took him between them, and +seated him one evening in sight of the glorious prospect, traversed by the +long shadow of the far mountains, behind which the sun was making its way. +The air was filled with a thousand odours; the brilliant colouring of the +western heavens was contrasted with the more sober but varied tints of the +rich country. The wheat and barley harvest was over; but the beans were +late, and still stood in the fields. The olives and chestnut-trees were +full of fruit; the early fig was supplying the markets with food; and the +numerous vineyards were patiently awaiting the suns of the next month +slowly to perfect their present promise. The beautiful scene had a moral +dignity, from its associations with human sustenance and well-being. The +inexpressible calmness of evening was flung, like a robe, over it. Its +sweetness was too much for one who had been confined to the monotony of a +sick-room, and was still an invalid. He sat silent, and in tears. It was +life from the dead; and he felt he had risen to a different life. And thus +he came out evening after evening convalescent, gradually and surely +advancing to perfect restoration of his health. + +One evening he said, after feeding his eyes and thoughts for some time +with the prospect, " 'Mansueti hereditabunt terram.' They alone have real +enjoyment of this earth who believe in its Maker. Every breath of air +seems to whisper how good He is to me." + +Ccilius answered, "These sights are the shadows of that fairer Paradise +which is our home, where there is no beast of prey, no venomous reptile, +no sin. My child, should _I_ not feel this more than you? Those who are +shut up in crowded cities see but the work of man, which is evil. It is +the compensation of my flight from Carthage that I am brought before the +face of God." + +"The heathen worship all this, as if God Himself," said Agellius; "how +strange it seems to me that any one can forget the Creator in His works!" + +Ccilius was silent for a moment, and sighed; he then said, "You have ever +been a Christian, Agellius." + +"And you have not, my father?" answered he; "well, you have earned that +grace which came to me freely." + +"Agellius," said the priest, "it comes freely to all; and is only merited +when it has already prevailed. Yet I think you earned it too, else why the +difference between you and your brother?" + +"What do you know of us?" asked Agellius quickly. + +"Not a great deal," answered he, "yet something. Three or four years back +an effort was made to rekindle the Christian spirit in these parts, and to +do something for the churches of the proconsulate, and to fill up the +vacant sees. Nothing has come of it as yet; but steps were taken towards +it: one was to obtain a recovery of the Christians who remained in them. I +was sent here for that purpose, and in this way heard of you and your +brother. When my life was threatened by the persecution, and I had to +flee, I thought of your cottage. I was obliged to act secretly, as we did +not know friends from foes." + +"You were led here for other purposes towards _me_, my father," said +Agellius; "yet you cannot have a safer refuge. There is nothing to +disturb, nothing to cause suspicion here. In this harvest time numbers of +strangers pour in from the mountains, of various races; there is nothing +to distinguish you from one of them, and my brother is away convoying some +grain to Carthage. Persecution drove you hither, but you have not been +suffered to be idle, my father, you have brought home a wanderer." He +added, after a pause, "I am well enough to go to confession to you now. +May it be this evening?" + +"It will be well," answered Ccilius; "how long I shall still be here, I +cannot tell. I am expecting my trusty messenger with despatches. It is now +three days since he was here. However, this I say without misgiving, we do +not part for long. What do you here longer? you must come to me. I must +prepare you, and send you back to Sicca, to collect and restore this +scattered flock." + +Agellius turned, and leaned against the priest's shoulder, and laughed. "I +am laughing," he said, "not from lightness of mind, but from the depth of +surprise and of joy that you should so think of me. It was a dream which +once I had; but impossible! you do not think that I, weak I, shall ever be +able to do more than save my own soul?" + +"You will save your own soul by saving the souls of others," said +Ccilius; "my child, I could tell you more things if I thought it good for +you." + +"But, my father, I have so weak, so soft a heart," cried Agellius; "what +am I to do with myself? I am not of the temper of which heroes are made." + +" 'Virtus in infirmitate perficitur,' " said the priest. "What! are you to +do _any_ thing of yourself? or are you to be simply the instrument of +Another? We shall have the same termination, you and myself, but you long +after me." + +"Ah, father, because _you_ will burn out so much more quickly!" said +Agellius. + +"I think," said Ccilius, "I see my messenger; there is some one who has +made his way by stealth into the garden, or at least not by the beaten +way." + +There _was_ a visitor, as Ccilius had said; however, it was not his +messenger, but Juba, who approached, looking with great curiosity at +Ccilius, and absorbed in the sight. Ccilius in turn regarded him +steadfastly, and then said to Agellius, "It is your brother." + +"What brings you here, Juba?" said the latter. + +"I have been away on a distant errand," said Juba; "and find you have been +ill. Is this your nurse?" he eyed him almost sternly, and added, "'Tis a +Christian priest." + +"Has Agellius no acquaintance but Christians?" asked Ccilius. + +"Acquaintance! O surely!" answered Juba; "agreeable, innocent, sweet +acquaintance of another sort; myself to begin with. My lad," he continued, +"you did not rise to their price, but you did your best." + +"Juba," said his brother, "if you have any business here, say it, and have +done. I am not strong enough to hold any altercation with you." + +"Business!" said Juba, "I can find quite business enough here, if I +choose. This is a priest of the Christians. I am sure of it." + +Ccilius looked at him with such calmness and benevolence, that at length +Juba turned away his eyes with something of irritation. He said, "If I +_am_ a priest, I am here to claim you as one of my children." + +Juba winced, but said scornfully, "You are mistaken there, father; speak +to those who own you. I am a free man." + +"My son," Ccilius answered, "you have been under instruction; it is your +duty to go forward, not back." + +"What do you know about me?" said Juba; "he has been telling." + +"Your face, your manner, your voice, tells a tale; I need no information +from others. I have heard of you years ago; now I see you." + +"What do you see in me?" said Juba. + +"I see pride in bodily shape, treading down faith and conviction," said +Ccilius. + +Juba neighed rather than laughed, so fierce and scornful was its +expression. "What you slaves call pride," he said, "I call dignity." + +"You believe in a God, Creator of heaven and earth, as certainly as I do," +said the priest, "but you deliberately set yourself against Him." + +Juba smiled. "I am as free," he said, "in _my_ place, as He in His." + +"You mean," answered Ccilius, "free to do wrong, and free to suffer for +it." + +"You may call it wrong, and call it suffering," replied Juba; "but for me, +_I_ do not call wrong what He calls wrong; and if He puts me to pain, it +is because He is the stronger." + +The priest stopped awhile; there was no emotion on either side. It was +strange to see them so passionless, so antagonistic, like St. Michael and +his adversary. + +"There is that within you," said Ccilius, "which speaks as I speak. That +inward voice takes the part of the Creator, and condemns you." + +"_He_ put it there," said Juba; "and _I_ will take care to put it out." + +"Then He will have justice as well as power on His side," said the priest. + +"I will never fawn or crouch," said Juba; "I will be lord and master in my +own soul. Every faculty shall be mine; there shall be no divided +allegiance." + +Ccilius paused again; he said at length, "My son, my soul tells me, or +rather my Maker tells me, and your Maker, that some heavy judgment is +impending over you. Do penance while you may." + +"Tell your forebodings to women and children," said Juba; "I am prepared +for anything. I will not be crushed." + +Agellius was not strong enough to bear a part in such a scene. "Father," +he said, "it is his way, but don't believe him. He has better thoughts. +Away with you, Juba, you are not wanted here." + +"Agellius," said the priest, "such words are not strange to me. I am not +young, and have seen much of the world; and my very office and position +elicits blasphemies from others from time to time. I knew a man who +carried out his bad thoughts and words into act. Abjuring his Maker, he +abandoned himself to the service of the evil one. He betrayed his brethren +to death. He lived on year after year, and became old. He was smitten with +illness; then I first saw him. I made him contemplate a picture; it was +the picture of the Good Shepherd. I dwelt on the vain efforts of the poor +sheep to get out of the fold; its irrational aversion to its home, and its +desperate resolution to force a way through the prickly fence. It was +pierced and torn with the sharp aloe; at last it lay imprisoned in its +stern embrace, motionless and bleeding. Then the Shepherd, though He had +to wound His own hands in the work, disengaged it, and brought it back. +God has His own times; His power went along with the picture, and the man +was moved. I said, '_This_ is His return for your enmity: He is determined +to have you, cost Him what it will.' I need not go through the many things +that followed, but the issue may be told in few words. He came back; he +lived a life of penance at the Church's door; he received the peace of the +Church in immediate prospect of the persecution, and has within the last +ten days died a martyr's death." + +Juba had listened as if he was constrained against his will. When the +priest stopped he started, and began to speak impetuously, and unlike his +ordinary tone. He placed his hands violently against his ears. "Stop!" he +said, "no more. _I_ will not betray them; no: I _need_ not betray them;" +he laughed; "the black moor does the work himself. Look," he cried, +seizing the priest's arm, and pointing to a part of the forest, which +happened to be to windward. "You are in their number, priest, who can +foretell the destinies of others, and are blind to their own. Read there, +the task is not hard, your coming fortunes." + +His finger was directed to a spot where, amid the thick foliage, the gleam +of a pool or of a marsh was visible. The various waters round about +issuing from the gravel, or drained from the nightly damps, had run into a +hollow, filled with the decaying vegetation of former years, and were +languidly filtered out into a brook, more healthy than the vast reservoir +itself. Its banks were bordered with a deep, broad layer of mud, a +transition substance between the rich vegetable matter which it once had +been, and the multitudinous world of insect life which it was becoming. A +cloud or mist at this time was hanging over it, high in air. A harsh and +shrill sound, a whizzing or a chirping, proceeded from that cloud to the +ear of the attentive listener. What these indications portended was plain. +"There," said Juba, "is what will tell more against you than imperial +edict, informer, or proconsular apparitor; and no work of mine." + +He turned down the bank and disappeared. Agellius and his guest looked at +each other in dismay. "It is the locusts," they whispered to each other, +as they went back into the cottage. + + + + + + CHAPTER XV. + + + A VISITATION. + + +The plague of locusts, one of the most awful visitations to which the +countries included in the Roman empire were exposed, extended from the +Atlantic to Ethiopia, from Arabia to India, and from the Nile and Red Sea +to Greece and the north of Asia Minor. Instances are recorded in history +of clouds of the devastating insect crossing the Black Sea to Poland, and +the Mediterranean to Lombardy. It is as numerous in its species as it is +wide in its range of territory. Brood follows brood, with a sort of family +likeness, yet with distinct attributes, as we read in the prophets of the +Old Testament, from whom Bochart tells us it is possible to enumerate as +many as ten kinds. It wakens into existence and activity as early as the +month of March; but instances are not wanting, as in our present history, +of its appearance as late as June. Even one flight comprises myriads upon +myriads passing imagination, to which the drops of rain or the sands of +the sea are the only fit comparison; and hence it is almost a proverbial +mode of expression in the East (as may be illustrated by the sacred pages +to which we just now referred), by way of describing a vast invading army, +to liken it to the locusts. So dense are they, when upon the wing, that it +is no exaggeration to say that they hide the sun, from which circumstance +indeed their name in Arabic is derived. And so ubiquitous are they when +they have alighted on the earth, that they simply cover or clothe its +surface. + +This last characteristic is stated in the sacred account of the plagues of +Egypt, where their faculty of devastation is also mentioned. The +corrupting fly and the bruising and prostrating hail had preceded them in +that series of visitations, but _they_ came to do the work of ruin more +thoroughly. For not only the crops and fruits, but the foliage of the +forest itself, nay, the small twigs and the bark of the trees are the +victims of their curious and energetic rapacity. They have been known even +to gnaw the door-posts of the houses. Nor do they execute their task in so +slovenly a way, that, as they have succeeded other plagues so they may +have successors themselves. They take pains to spoil what they leave. Like +the Harpies, they smear every thing that they touch with a miserable +slime, which has the effect of a virus in corroding, or, as some say, in +scorching and burning it. And then, as if all this were little, when they +can do nothing else, they die;--as if out of sheer malevolence to man, for +the poisonous elements of their nature are then let loose, and dispersed +abroad, and create a pestilence; and they manage to destroy many more by +their death than in their life. + +Such are the locusts,--whose existence the ancient heretics brought forward +as their palmary proof that there was an evil creator, and of whom an +Arabian writer shows his national horror, when he says that they have the +head of a horse, the eyes of an elephant, the neck of a bull, the horns of +a stag, the breast of a lion, the belly of a scorpion, the wings of an +eagle, the legs of a camel, the feet of an ostrich, and the tail of a +serpent. + +And now they are rushing upon a considerable tract of that beautiful +region of which we have spoken with such admiration. The swarm to which +Juba pointed grew and grew till it became a compact body, as much as a +furlong square; yet it was but the vanguard of a series of similar hosts, +formed one after another out of the hot mould or sand, rising into the air +like clouds, enlarging into a dusky canopy, and then discharged against +the fruitful plain. At length the huge innumerous mass was put into +motion, and began its career, darkening the face of day. As became an +instrument of divine power, it seemed to have no volition of its own; it +was set off, it drifted, with the wind, and thus made northwards, straight +for Sicca. Thus they advanced, host after host, for a time wafted on the +air, and gradually declining to the earth, while fresh broods were carried +over the first, and neared the earth, after a longer flight, in their +turn. For twelve miles did they extend from front to rear, and their +whizzing and hissing could be heard for six miles on every side of them. +The bright sun, though hidden by them, illumined their bodies, and was +reflected from their quivering wings; and as they heavily fell earthward, +they seemed like the innumerable flakes of a yellow-coloured snow. And +like snow did they descend, a living carpet, or rather pall, upon fields, +crops, gardens, copses, groves, orchards, vineyards, olive woods, +orangeries, palm plantations, and the deep forests, sparing nothing within +their reach, and where there was nothing to devour, lying helpless in +drifts, or crawling forward obstinately, as they best might, with the hope +of prey. They could spare their hundred thousand soldiers twice or thrice +over, and not miss them; their masses filled the bottoms of the ravines +and hollow ways, impeding the traveller as he rode forward on his journey, +and trampled by thousands under his horse-hoofs. In vain was all this +overthrow and waste by the road-side; in vain their loss in river, pool, +and watercourse. The poor peasants hastily dug pits and trenches as their +enemy came on; in vain they filled them from the wells or with lighted +stubble. Heavily and thickly did the locusts fall: they were lavish of +their lives; they choked the flame and the water, which destroyed them the +while, and the vast living hostile armament still moved on. + +They moved right on like soldiers in their ranks, stopping at nothing, and +straggling for nothing: they carried a broad furrow or wheal all across +the country, black and loathsome, while it was as green and smiling on +each side of them and in front, as it had been before they came. Before +them, in the language of prophets, was a paradise; and behind them a +desert. They are daunted by nothing; they surmount walls and hedges, and +enter enclosed gardens or inhabited houses. A rare and experimental +vineyard has been planted in a sheltered grove. The high winds of Africa +will not commonly allow the light trellis or the slim pole; but here the +lofty poplar of Campania has been possible, on which the vine plant mounts +so many yards into the air, that the poor grape-gatherers bargain for a +funeral pile and a tomb as one of the conditions of their engagement. The +locusts have done what the winds and lightning could not do, and the whole +promise of the vintage, leaves and all, is gone, and the slender stems are +left bare. There is another yard, less uncommon, but still tended with +more than common care; each plant is kept within due bounds by a circular +trench round it, and by upright canes on which it is to trail; in an hour +the solicitude and long toil of the vine-dresser are lost, and his pride +humbled. There is a smiling farm; another sort of vine, of remarkable +character, is found against the farm-house. This vine springs from one +root, and has clothed and matted with its many branches the four walls; +the whole of it is covered thick with long clusters, which another month +will ripen:--on every grape and leaf there is a locust. Into the dry caves +and pits, carefully strewed with straw, the harvest-men have (safely, as +they thought just now) been lodging the far-famed African wheat. One grain +or root shoots up into ten, twenty, fifty, eighty, nay, three or four +hundred stalks: sometimes the stalks have two ears apiece, and these again +shoot into a number of lesser ones. These stores are intended for the +Roman populace, but the locusts have been beforehand with them. The small +patches of ground belonging to the poor peasants up and down the country, +for raising the turnips, garlic, barley, watermelons, on which they live, +are the prey of these glutton invaders as much as the choicest vines and +olives. Nor have they any reverence for the villa of the civic decurion or +the Roman official. The neatly arranged kitchen-garden, with its cherries, +plums, peaches, and apricots, is a waste; as the slaves sit round, in the +kitchen in the first court, at their coarse evening meal, the room is +filled with the invading force, and news comes to them that the enemy has +fallen upon the apples and pears in the basement, and is at the same time +plundering and sacking the preserves of quince and pomegranate, and +revelling in the jars of precious oil of Cyprus and Mendes in the +store-rooms. + +They come up to the walls of Sicca, and are flung against them into the +ditch. Not a moment's hesitation or delay; they recover their footing, +they climb up the wood or stucco, they surmount the parapet, or they have +entered in at the windows, filling the apartments, and the most private +and luxurious chambers, not one or two, like stragglers at forage or +rioters after a victory, but in order of battle, and with the array of an +army. Choice plants or flowers about the _impluvia_ and _xysti_, for +ornament or refreshment, myrtles, oranges, pomegranates, the rose and the +carnation, have disappeared. They dim the bright marbles of the walls and +the gilding of the ceilings. They enter the triclinium in the midst of the +banquet; they crawl over the viands and spoil what they do not devour. +Unrelaxed by success and by enjoyment, onward they go; a secret mysterious +instinct keeps them together, as if they had a king over them. They move +along the floor in so strange an order that they seem to be a tesselated +pavement themselves, and to be the artificial embellishment of the place; +so true are their lines, and so perfect is the pattern they describe. +Onward they go, to the market, to the temple sacrifices, to the baker's +stores, to the cook-shops, to the confectioner's, to the druggists; +nothing comes amiss to them; wherever man has aught to eat or drink, there +are they, reckless of death, strong of appetite, certain of conquest. + +They have passed on; the men of Sicca sadly congratulate themselves, and +begin to look about them, and to sum up their losses. Being the +proprietors of the neighbouring districts, or the purchasers of its +produce, they lament over the devastation, not because the fair country is +disfigured, but because income is becoming scanty, and prices are becoming +high. How is a population of many thousands to be fed? where is the grain, +where the melons, the figs, the dates, the gourds, the beans, the grapes, +to sustain and solace the multitudes in their lanes, caverns, and garrets? +This is another weighty consideration for the class well-to-do in the +world. The taxes, too, and contributions, the capitation tax, the +percentage upon corn, the various articles of revenues due to Rome, how +are they to be paid? How are cattle to be provided for the sacrifices and +for the tables of the wealthy? One-half, at least, of the supply of Sicca +is cut off. No longer slaves are seen coming into the city from the +country in troops with their baskets on their shoulders, or beating +forward the horse, or mule, or ox, overladen with its burden, or driving +in the dangerous cow, or the unresisting sheep. The animation of the place +is gone; a gloom hangs over the Forum; and if its frequenters are still +merry there is something of sullenness and recklessness in their mirth. +The gods have given the city up; something or other has angered them. +Locusts, indeed, are no uncommon visitation, but at an earlier season. +Perhaps some temple has been polluted, or some unholy rite practised, or +some secret conspiracy has spread. + +Another and a still worse calamity. The invaders, as we have already +intimated, could be more terrible still in their overthrow than in their +ravages. The inhabitants of the country had attempted, where they could, +to destroy them by fire and water. It would seem as if the malignant +animals had resolved that the sufferers should have the benefit of this +policy to the full; for they had not got more than twenty miles beyond +Sicca when they suddenly sickened and died. Thus after they had done all +the mischief they could by their living, when they had made their foul +maws the grave of every living thing, then they died themselves, and made +the desolated land their own grave. They took from it its hundred forms +and varieties of beautiful life, and left it their own fetid and poisonous +carcases in payment. It was a sudden catastrophe; they seemed making for +the Mediterranean, as if, like other great conquerors, they had other +worlds to subdue beyond it; but whether they were overgorged, or struck by +some atmospheric change, or that their time was come and they paid the +debt of nature, so it was that suddenly they fell, and their glory came to +nought, and all was vanity to them as to others, and "their stench rose +up, and their corruption rose up, because they had done proudly." + +The hideous swarms lay dead in the moist steaming underwoods, in the green +swamps, in the sheltered valleys, in the ditches and furrows of the +fields, amid the monuments of their own prowess, the ruined crops and the +dishonoured vineyards. A poisonous element, issuing from their remains, +mingled with the atmosphere, and corrupted it. The dismayed peasant found +that a pestilence had begun; a new visitation, not confined to the +territory which the enemy had made its own, but extending far and wide, as +the atmosphere extends, in all directions. Their daily toil, no longer +claimed by the produce of the earth, which has ceased to exist, is now +devoted to the object of ridding themselves of the deadly legacy which +they have received in its stead. In vain; it is their last toil; they are +digging pits, they are raising piles, for their own corpses, as well as +for the bodies of their enemies. Invader and victim lie in the same grave, +burn in the same heap; they sicken while they work, and the pestilence +spreads. A new invasion is menacing Sicca, in the shape of companies of +peasants and slaves, (the panic having broken the bonds of discipline,) +with their employers and overseers, nay the farmers themselves and +proprietors, rushing thither from famine and infection as to a place of +safety. The inhabitants of the city are as frightened as they, and more +energetic. They determine to keep them at a distance; the gates are +closed; a strict _cordon_ is drawn; however, by the continued pressure, +numbers contrive to make an entrance, as water into a vessel, or light +through the closed shutters, and anyhow the air cannot be put into +quarantine; so the pestilence has the better of it, and at last appears in +the alleys, and in the cellars of Sicca. + + + + + + CHAPTER XVI. + + + WORSE AND WORSE. + + +"O wretched minds of men! O blind hearts!" truly cries out a great heathen +poet, but on grounds far other than the true ones. The true ground of such +a lamentation is, that men do not interpret the signs of the times and of +the world as He intends who has placed these signs in the heavens; that +when Mane, Thecel, Phares, is written upon the ethereal wall, they have no +inward faculty to read them withal; and that when they go elsewhere for +one learned in tongues, instead of taking Daniel, who is used to converse +with Angels, they rely on Magi or Chaldeans, who know only the languages +of earth. So it was with the miserable population of Sicca now; half +famished, seized with a pestilence which was sure to rage before it +assuaged, perplexed and oppressed by the recoil upon them of the +population whom they had from time to time sent out into the surrounding +territory, or from whom they had supplied their markets, they never +fancied that the real cause of the visitation which we have been +describing was their own iniquity in their Maker's sight, that His arm +inflicted it, and that its natural and direct interpretation was, "Do +penance, and be converted." On the contrary, they looked only at their own +vain idols, and at the vain rites which these idols demanded, and they +thought there was no surer escape from their misery than by upholding a +lie, and putting down all who revolted from it; and thus the visitation +which was sent to do them good turned through their wilful blindness to +their greater condemnation. + +The Forum, which at all times was the resort of idleness and dissipation, +now became more and more the haunt of famine and sickness, of robust +frames without work, of slavish natures virtually and for the time +emancipated and uncontrolled, of youth and passion houseless and +shelterless. In groups and companies, in and out of the porticoes, on the +steps of the temples, and about the booths and stalls of the market, a +multitude grows day by day, from the town and from the country, and of all +the various races which town and country contain. The civil magistracy and +the civil force to which the peace of the city was committed, were not +equal to such an emergency as the present; and the _milites stationarii_, +a sort of garrison who represented the Roman power, though they were ready +to act against either magistrates or mob impartially, had no tenderness +for either, when in collision with each other. Indeed the bonds of society +were broken, and every political element was at war with every other, in a +case of such great common calamity, when every one was angry with every +one else, for want of some clearly defined object against which the common +anger might be discharged with unanimity. + +They had almost given over sacrificing and consulting the flame or the +entrails; for no reversal or respite of their sufferings had followed +their most assiduous acts of deprecation. Moreover the omens were +generally considered by the priests to have been unpropitious or adverse. +A sheep had been discovered to have, instead of a liver, something very +like a gizzard; a sow had chewed and swallowed the flowers with which it +had been embellished for the sacrifice; and a calf, after receiving the +fatal blow, instead of lying down and dying, dashed into the temple, +dripping blood upon the pavement as it went, and at last fell and expired +just before the sacred _adytum_. In despair the people took to +fortune-telling and its attendant arts. Old crones were found in plenty +with their strange rites, the stranger the more welcome. Trenches were dug +in by-places for sacrifices to the infernal gods; amulets, rings, +counters, tablets, pebbles, nails, bones, feathers, Ephesian or Egyptian +legends, were in request, and raised the hopes, or beguiled and occupied +the thoughts, of those who else would have been directly dwelling on their +sufferings, present or in prospect. + +Others were occupied, whether they would or no, with diversions fiercer +and more earnest. There were continual altercations between farmers, small +proprietors of land, government and city officials,--altercations so +manifold and violent, that, even were there no hubbub of voices, and no +incoherence of wrath and fear to complicate them, we should despair of +setting them before the reader. An officer from the camp was expostulating +with one of the municipal authorities that no corn had been sent thither +for the last six or seven days, and the functionary attacked had thrown +the blame on the farmer, and he in turn had protested that he could not +get cattle to bring the waggons into Sicca; those which he had set out +with had died of exhaustion on the journey. A clerk, as we now speak, in +the _Officium_ of the society of publicans or collectors of _annona_ was +threatening a number of small tenants with ejection for not sending in +their rated portion of corn for the Roman people:--the _Officium_ of the +_Notarius_, or assistant prefect, had written up to Sicca from Carthage in +violent terms; and come it must, though the locusts had eaten up every +stack and granary. A number of half-starved peasants had been summoned for +payment of their taxes, and in spite of their ignorance of Latin, they had +been made to understand that death was the stern penalty of neglecting to +bring the coin. They, on the other hand, by their fierce doggedness of +manner, seemed to signify by way of answer that death was not a penalty, +unless life was a boon. + +The _villicus_ of one of the decurions, who had an estate in the +neighbourhood, was laying his miseries before the man of business of his +employer. "What are we to do?" he said. "Half the gang of slaves is dead, +and the other half is so feeble, that I can't get through the work of the +month. We ought to be sheep-shearing; you have no chance of wool. We ought +to be swarming the bees, pressing the honey, boiling and purifying the +wax. We ought to be plucking the white leaves of the camomile, and +steeping the golden flowers in oil. We ought to be gathering the wild +grapes, sifting off the flowers, and preserving the residue in honey. We +ought to be sowing brassicum, parsley, and coriander against next spring. +We ought to be cheese-making. We ought to be baking white and red bricks +and tiles in the sun; we have no hands for the purpose. The _villicus_ is +not to blame, but the anger of the gods." The country _employ_ of the +procurator of the imperial _Baphia_ protests that the insect cannot be +found from which the dye is extracted; and argues that the locusts must +have devoured them, or the plant on which they feed, or that they have +been carried off by the pestilence. Here is old Corbulus in agonies for +his febrifuge, and a slave of his is in high words with the +market-carrier, who tells him that Mago, who supplied it, is dead of a +worse fever than his master's. "The rogue," cried the slave, "my master +has contracted with him for the year, and has paid him the money in +advance." A jeering and mocking from the crowd assailed the unfortunate +domestic, who so truly foreboded that his return without the medicine +would be the signal for his summary committal to the _pistrinum_. "Let old +Corbulus follow Mago in his passage to perdition," said one of the rabble; +"let him take his physic with Pluto, and leave us the bread and wine on +which he's grown gouty." "Bread, bread!" was the response elicited by this +denunciation, and it spread into a circle larger than that of which the +slave and the carrier were part. + +"Wine and bread, Ceres and Liber!" cried a young legionary, who, after a +night of revelry, was emerging still half-intoxicated from one of the low +wine-shops in the vaults which formed the basement of the _Therm_ or hot +baths; "make way there, you filthy slime of the earth, you half-kneaded, +half-fermented Africans, who never yet have quite been men, but have ever +smelt strong of the baboon, who are three quarters _must_, and two +vinegar, and a fifth water,--as I was saying, you are like bad liquor, and +the sight of you disagrees with the stomach and affects the eyes." + +The crowd looked sullenly, and without wincing, at his shield, which was +the only portion of his military accoutrements which he had preserved +after his carouse. The white surface, with a silver boss in the centre, +surrounded by first a white and then a red circle, and the purple border, +showed that he belonged to the Tertiani or third Italic Legion, which had +been stationed in Africa since the time of Augustus. "Vile double-tongued +mongrels," he continued, "what are you fit for but to gather the fruits of +the earth for your owners and lords, 'Romanos dominos rerum'? And if there +are now no fruits to reap, why your service is gone. Go home and die, and +drown yourselves, for what are you fit for now, except to take your dead +corpses away from the nostrils of a Roman, the cream of humankind? Ye +base-born apes, that's why you catch the pestilence, because our blood +mantles and foams in our ruddy veins like new milk in the wine cup, which +is too strong for this clime, and my blood is up, and I drink a full +measure of it to great Rome; for what does old Horace say, but 'Nunc est +bibendum'? and so get out of my way." + +To a good part of the multitude, both peasantry and town rabble, Latin was +unintelligible; but they all understood vocabulary and syntax and logic, +as soon as he drew his knuckles across one fellow's face who refused to +move from his path, and as soon as his insult was returned by the latter +with a thrust of the dagger. A rush was made upon him, on which he made a +face at them, shook his fist, and leaping on one side, ran with great +swiftness to an open space in advance. From his quarrelsome humour rather +than from fear, he raised a cry of alarm; on which two or three +fellow-soldiers made their appearance from similar dens of intoxication +and vice, and came up to the rescue. The mob assailed them with stones, +and the cream of human nature was likely to be roughly churned, when, +seeing matters were becoming serious, they suddenly took to their heels, +and got into the Temple of Esculapius on one side of the Forum. The mob +followed, the ministers of the sacred place attempted to shut the gates, a +scuffle ensued, and a riot was in progress. Self-preservation is the first +law of man; trembling for the safety of his noble buildings, and +considering that it was a bread riot, as it really was, the priest of the +god came forward, rebuked the mob for its impiety, and showed the +absurdity of supposing that there were loaves in his enclosure to satisfy +its wants; but he reminded them that there was a baker's shop at the other +end of the Forum, which was one of the most considerable in Sicca. + +A slight impulse determines the movements of an excited multitude. Off +they went to the quarter in question, where certainly there was the very +large and handsome store of a substantial dealer in grain of all sorts, +and in other produce. The shop, however, seemed on this occasion to be but +poorly furnished; for the baker was a prudent man, and feared a display of +provisions which would be an invitation to a hungry multitude. The +assailants, however, were not to be baffled; some one cried out that the +man had withdrawn his corn from the market for his own ends, and that +great stores were accumulated within. They avail themselves of the hint; +they pour in through the open front, the baker escapes as he may, his +mills and ovens are smashed, the house is ransacked; whatever is found is +seized, thrown about, wasted, eaten, as the case may be; and the mob gains +strength and appetite for fresh exploits. + +However, the rioters have no definite plan of action yet. Some of them +have penetrated into the stable behind the house in search of corn. They +find the mill-ass which ground for the baker, and bring it out. It is a +beast of more than ordinary pretensions, such as you would not often see +in a mill, showing both the wealth of the owner and the flourishing +condition of his trade. The asses of Africa are finer than those in the +north; but this is fine for an African. One fellow mounts upon it, and +sets off with the world before him, like a knight-errant, seeking an +adventure, the rabble at his tail acting as squire. He begins the circuit +of the Forum, and picks up its riff-raff as he goes along--here some rascal +boys, there some drunken women, here again a number of half-brutalized +country slaves and peasants. Partly out of curiosity, partly from +idleness, from ill temper, from hope of spoil, from a vague desire to be +doing something or other, every one who has nothing to lose by the +adventure crowds around and behind him. And on the contrary, as he +advances, and the noise and commotion increase, every one who has a +position of any sort, the confidential _vern_ of great families, farmers, +shopkeepers, men of business, officials, vanish from the scene of action +without delay. + +"Africa, Africa!" is now the cry; the signal in that country, as an +ancient writer tells us, that the parties raising it have something new in +hand, and have a mind to do it. + +Suddenly, as they march on, a low and awful growl is heard. It comes from +the booth of a servant of the imperial court. He is employed as a +transporter of wild beasts from the interior to the coast, where they are +shipped for Rome; and he has charge at present of a noble lion, who is +sitting majestically, looking through the bars of his cage at the rabble, +who now begin to look at him. In demeanour and in mental endowments he has +the advantage of them. It was at this moment, while they were closing, +hustling each other, staring at the beast, and hoping to provoke him, that +a shrill voice cried out, "Christianos ad leones, Christianos ad leones!" +the Christians to the lions! A sudden and dead silence ensued, as if the +words had struck the breath out of the promiscuous throng. An interval +passed; and then the same voice was heard again, "Christianos ad leones!" +This time the whole Forum took it up from one end to the other. The fate +of the day, the direction of the movement, was decided; a distinct object +was obtained, and the only wonder was that the multitude had been so long +to seek and so slow to find so obvious a cause of their misfortunes, so +adequate a subject of their vengeance. "Christianos ad leones!" was +shouted out by town and country, priests and people. "Long live the +emperor! long live Decius! he told us this long ago. There's the edict; it +never has been obeyed. Death to the magistrates! To the Christians! to the +Christians! Up with great Jove, down with the atheists!" + +They were commencing their march when the ass caught their eye. "The +Christians' god!" they shouted out; "the god of the Christians!" Their +first impulse was to give the poor beast to the lion, their next to +sacrifice it, but they did not know to whom. Then they said they would +make the Christians worship it; and dressing it up in tawdry finery, they +retained it at the head of their procession. + + + + + + CHAPTER XVII. + + + CHRISTIANOS AD LEONES. + + +By the time that they had got round again to the unlucky baker's, the mob +had been swollen to a size which even the area of the Forum would not +contain, and it filled the adjacent streets. And by the same time it had +come home to its leaders, and, indeed, to every one who used his reason at +all, that it was very far from certain that there were any Christians in +Sicca, and if so, still very far from easy to say where they were. And the +difficulty was of so practical a character as to keep them inactive for +the space of several hours. Meanwhile their passions were excited to the +boiling point by the very presence of the difficulty, as men go mad of +thirst when water is denied them. At length, after a long season of such +violent commotion, such restless pain, such curses, shrieks, and +blasphemies, such bootless gesticulations, such aimless contests with each +other, that they seemed to be already inmates of the prison beneath, they +set off in a blind way to make the circuit of the city as before they had +paraded round the Forum, still in the knight-errant line, looking out for +what might turn up where they were sure of nothing, and relieving the +intense irritation of their passions by locomotion, if nothing more +substantial was offered to them. + +It was an awful day for the respectable inhabitants of the place; worse +than anything that even the most timid of them had anticipated, when they +had showed their jealousy of a popular movement against the proscribed +religion; for the stimulus of famine and pestilence was added to hatred of +Christianity, in that unreasoning multitude. The magistrates shut +themselves up in dismay; the small body of Roman soldiery reserved their +strength for the defence of themselves; and the poor wretches, not a few, +who had fallen from the faith, and offered sacrifice, hung out from their +doors sinful heathen symbols, to avert a storm against which apostasy was +no sufficient safeguard. In this conduct the Gnostics and other sectaries +imitated them, while the Tertullianists took a more manly part, from +principle or pride. + +It would require the brazen voice which Homer speaks of, or the magic pen +of Sir Walter, to catalogue and to picture, as far as it is lawful to do +either, the figures and groups of that most miserable procession. As it +went forward it gained a variety and strength, which the circuit of the +Forum could not furnish. The more respectable religious establishments +shut their gates, and would have nothing to do with it. The priests of +Jupiter, the educational establishments of the Temple of Mercury, the +Temple of the Genius of Rome near the Capitol, the hierophants of Isis, +the Minerva, the Juno, the Esculapius, viewed the popular rising with +terror and disgust; but these were not the popular worships. The vast +homestead of Astarte, which in the number and vowed profligacy of its +inhabitants rivalled the vaults upon the Forum; the old rites, many and +diversified, if separately obscure, which came from Punic times; the new +importations from Syria and Phrygia, and a number of other haunts and +schools of depravity and crime, did their part in swelling or giving +character to the concourse. The hungry and idle rabble, the filthy beggars +who fed on the offal of the sacrifices, the drivers and slaughterers of +the beasts sacrificed; the tumblers and mountebanks who amused the gaping +market-people; dancers, singers, pipers from low taverns and +drinking-houses; infamous creatures, young and old, men and boys, half +naked and not half sober; brutal blacks, the aboriginal race of the Atlas, +with their appetites written on their skulls and features; Canaanites, as +they called themselves, from the coast; the wild beast-keepers from the +amphitheatre; troops of labourers from the fields, to whom the epidemic +was a time of Saturnalia; and the degraded company, alas! how numerous and +how pitiable, who took their nightly stand in long succession at the doors +of their several cells in the deep galleries under the Therm; all these, +and many others, had their part and place in the procession. There you +might see the devilish emblems of idolatry borne aloft by wretches from +the great Punic Temple, while frantic forms, ragged and famished, wasted +and shameless, leapt and pranced around them. There too was a choir of +Bacchanals, ready at a moment with songs as noisy as they were +unutterable. And there was the priest of the Punic Saturn, the +child-devourer, a sort of Moloch, to whom the martyrdom of Christians was +a sacred rite; he and all his attendants in fiery-coloured garments, as +became a sanguinary religion. And there, moreover, was a band of fanatics, +devotees of Cybele or of the Syrian goddess, if indeed the two rites were +distinct. They were bedizened with ribbons and rags of various colours, +and smeared over with paint. They had long hair like women, and turbans on +their heads. They pushed their way to the head of the procession, being +quite worthy of the post of honour, and, seizing the baker's ass, put +their goddess on the back of it. Some of them were playing the fife, +others clashing cymbals, others danced, others yelled, others rolled their +heads, and others flogged themselves. Such was the character of the +frenzied host, which progressed slowly through the streets, while every +now and then, when there was an interval in the hubbub, the words +"Christianos ad leones" were thundered out by some ruffian voice, and a +thousand others fiercely responded. + +Still no Christian was forthcoming; and it was plain that the rage of the +multitude must be discharged in other quarters, if the difficulty +continued in satisfying it. At length some one recollected the site of the +Christian chapel, when it existed; thither went the multitude, and +effected an entrance without delay. It had long been turned to other +purposes, and was now a store of casks and leather bottles. The miserable +sacristan had long given up any practical observance of his faith, and +remained on the spot a keeper of the premises for the trader who owned +them. They found him, and dragged him into the street, and brought him +forward to the ass, and to the idol on its back, and bade him worship the +one and the other. The poor wretch obeyed; he worshipped the ass, he +worshipped the idol, and he worshipped the genius of the emperor; but his +persecutors wanted blood; they would not submit to be cheated of their +draught; so when they had made him do whatever they exacted, they flung +him under the feet of the multitude, who, as they passed on, soon trod all +life and breath out of him, and sent him to the powers below, to whom he +had just before been making his profession. + +Their next adventure was with a Tertullianist, who stationed himself at +his shop-door, displayed the sign of the cross, and walking leisurely +forward, seized the idol on the ass's back, broke it over his knee, and +flung the portions into the crowd. For a few minutes they stared on him +with astonishment, then some women fell upon him with their nails and +teeth, and tore the poor fanatic till he fell bleeding and lifeless upon +the ground. + +In the higher and better part of the city, which they now approached, +lived the widow of a Duumvir, who in his day had made a bold profession of +Christianity. The well connected lady was a Christian also, and was +sheltered by her great friends from the persecution. She was bringing up a +family in great privacy, and with straitened means, and with as much +religious strictness as was possible under the circumstances of the place. +She kept them from all bad sights and bad company, was careful as to the +character of the slaves she placed about them, and taught them all she +knew of her religion, which was quite sufficient for their salvation. They +had all been baptized, some by herself in default of the proper minister, +and, as far as they could show at their tender ages, which lay between +thirteen and seven, the three girls and the two boys were advancing in the +love of truth and sanctity. Her husband, some years back, when presiding +in the Forum, had punished with just severity an act of ungrateful fraud; +and the perpetrator had always cherished a malignant hatred of him and +his. The moment of gratifying it had now arrived, and he pointed out to +the infuriated rabble the secluded mansion where the Christian household +dwelt. He could not offer to them a more acceptable service, and the +lady's modest apartment was soon swarming with enemies of her God and His +followers. In spite of her heartrending cries and supplications, her +children were seized, and when the youngest boy clung to her, the mother +was thrown senseless upon the pavement. The whole five were carried off in +triumph; it was the greatest success of the day. There was some hesitation +how to dispose of them; at last the girls were handed over to the +priestesses of Astarte, and the boys to the loathsome votaries of Cybele. + +Revenge upon Christians was the motive principle of the riot; but the +prospect of plunder stimulated numbers, and here Christians could not +minister to their desires. They began the day by the attack upon the +provision-shop, and now they had reached the aristocratic quarter of the +city, and they gazed with envy and cupidity at the noble mansions which +occupied it. They began to shout out, "Bread, bread!" while they uttered +threats against the Christians; they violently beat at the closed gates, +and looked about for means of scaling the high walls which defended them +in front. The cravings of famished men soon take form and organization; +they began to ask relief from house to house. Nothing came amiss; and +loaves, figs, grapes, wine, found their way into the hands and mouths of +those who were the least exhausted and the least enfeebled. A second line +of fierce supplicants succeeded to the first; and it was plain that, +unless some diversion were effected, the respectable quarter of Sicca had +found a worse enemy than the locust. + +The houses of the government _susceptor_, or tax collector, of the +_tabularius_ or registrar, of the _defensor_ or city counsel, and one or +two others, had already been the scene of collisions between the domestic +slaves and the multitude, when a demand was made upon the household of +another of the Curia, who held the office of Flamen Dialis. He was a +wealthy, easy-going man, generally popular, with no appetite for +persecution at all, but still no desire to be persecuted. He had more than +tolerated the Christians, and had at this time a Christian among his +slaves. This was a Greek, a splendid cook and perfumer, and he would not +have lost him for a large sum of money. However, life and limb were nearer +to him even than his dinner, and a Jonah must be cast overboard to save +the ship. In trepidation, yet with greater satisfaction, his +fellow-domestics thrust the poor helpless man out of the house, and +secured the door behind him. He was a man of middle age, of a grave +aspect, and he looked silently and calmly upon the infuriated and yelling +multitude, who were swarming up the hill about him, and swelling the +number of his persecutors. What had been his prospects, had he remained in +his earthly master's service? his fill of meat and drink while he was +strong and skilful, the stocks or scourge if he ever failed to please him, +and the old age and death of the worn-out hack who once has caracoled in +the procession, or snorted at the coming fight. What are his prospects +now? a moment's agony, a martyr's death, and the everlasting beatific +vision of Him for whom he died. The multitude cry out, "To the ass or to +the lion!" worship the ass, or fight the lion. He was dragged to the ass's +head and commanded to kneel down before the irrational beast. In the +course of a minute he had lifted up his eyes to heaven, had signed himself +with the cross, had confessed his Saviour, and had been torn to pieces by +the multitude. They anticipated the lion of the amphitheatre. + +A lull followed, sure to be succeeded by a fresh storm. Not every +household had a Christian cook to make a victim of. Plunder, riot, and +outrage were becoming the order of the day; successive messengers were +sent up in breathless haste to the capitol and the camp for aid, but the +Romans returned for answer that they had enough to do in defending the +government buildings and offices. They suggested measures, however, for +putting the mob on a false scent, or involving them in some difficult or +tedious enterprise, which would give the authorities time for +deliberation, and for taking the rioters at disadvantage. If the +magistrates could get them out of the city, it would be a great point; +they could then shut the gates upon them, and deal with them as they +would. In that case, too, the insurgents would straggle, and divide, and +then they might be disposed of in detail. They were showing symptoms of +returning fury, when a voice suddenly cried out, "Agellius the Christian! +Agellius the sorcerer! Agellius to the lions! To the farm of Varius--to the +cottage of Agellius--to the south-west gate!" A sudden yell burst forth +from the vast multitude when the voice ceased. The impulse had been given +as at the first; the tide of human beings ebbed and retreated, and, +licking the base of the hill, rushed vehemently on one side, and roared +like a torrent towards the south-west. Juba, thy prophecy is soon to be +fulfilled! The locusts will bring more harm on thy brother's home than +imperial edict or local magistrate. The decline of day will hardly prevent +the visitation. + + + + + + CHAPTER XVIII. + + + AGELLIUS FLITS. + + +A change had passed over the fair face of Nature, as seen from the cottage +of Agellius, since that evening on which our story opened; and it is so +painful to contemplate waste, decay, and disappointment, that we mean to +say little about it. There was the same cloudless sky as then; and the sun +travelled in its silent and certain course, with even a more intense +desire than then to ripen grain and fruit for the use of man; but its +occupation was gone, for fruit and grain were not, nor man to collect and +to enjoy them. A dark broad shadow passed across the beautiful prospect +and disfigured it. When you looked more closely, it was as if a fire had +burned up the whole surface included under that shadow, and had stripped +the earth of its clothing. Nothing had escaped; not a head of khennah, not +a rose or carnation, not an orange or an orange blossom, not a _boccone_, +not a cluster of unripe grapes, not a berry of the olive, not a blade of +grass. Gardens, meadows, vineyards, orchards, copses, instead of rejoicing +in the rich variety of hue which lately was their characteristic, were now +reduced to one dreary cinder-colour. The smoke of fires was actually +rising from many points, where the spoilt and poisonous vegetation was +burning in heaps, or the countless corpses of the invading foe, or of the +cattle, or of the human beings whom the pestilence had carried off. The +most furious inroad of savage hordes, of Vandals, or of Saracens, who were +destined at successive eras to come and waste that country, could not have +spread such thorough desolation. The slaves of the farm of Varius were +sorrowfully turning to a new employment, that of clearing away the wreck +and disappointment of the bright spring from flower-bed, vineyard, and +field. + +It was on the forenoon of the eventful day whose course we have been +tracing in the preceding Chapters, that a sharp-looking boy presented +himself to Agellius, who was directing his labourers in their work. "I am +come from Jucundus," he said; "he has instant need of you. You are to go +with me, and by my way; and this is the proof I tell you truth. He sends +you this note, and wishes you in a bad time the best gifts of Bacchus and +Ceres." + +Agellius took the tablets, and went with them across the road to the place +where Ccilius was at work, in appearance a slave. The letter ran +thus:--"Jucundus to Agellius. I trust you are well enough to move; you are +not safe for many days in your cottage; there is a rising this morning +against the Christians, and you may be visited. Unless you are ambitious +of Styx and Tartarus, follow the boy without questioning." Agellius showed +the letter to the priest. + +"We are no longer safe here, my father," he said; "whither shall we go? +Let us go together. Can you take me to Carthage?" + +"Carthage is quite as dangerous," answered Ccilius, "and Sicca is more +central. We can but leap into the sea at Carthage; here there are many +lines to retreat upon. I am known there, I am not known here. Here, too, I +hear all that goes on through the proconsulate and Numidia." + +"But what can we do?" asked Agellius; "here we cannot remain, and you at +least cannot venture into the city. Somewhither we must go, and where is +that?" + +The priest thought. "We must separate," he said. The tears came into +Agellius's eyes. + +"Though I am a stranger," continued Ccilius, "I know more of the +neighbourhood of Sicca than you who are a native. There is a famous +Christian retreat on the north of the city, and by this time, I doubt not, +or rather I know, it is full of refugees. The fury of the enemy is +extending on all hands, and our brethren, from as far as Cirtha round to +Curubis, are falling back upon it. The only difficulty is how to get round +to it without going through Sicca." + +"Let us go together," said Agellius. + +Ccilius showed signs of perplexity, and his mind retired into itself. He +seemed for the moment to be simply absent from the scene about him, but +soon his intelligence returned. "No," he said, "we must separate,--for the +time; it will not be for long. That is, I suppose, your uncle will take +good care of you, and he has influence. We are safest just now when most +independent of each other. It is only for a while. We shall meet again +soon; I tell you so. Did we keep together just now, it would be the worse +for each of us. You go with the boy; I will go off to the place I +mentioned." + +"O my father," said the youth, "how will you get there? What shall I +suffer from my fears about you?" + +"Fear not," answered Ccilius, "mind, I tell you so. It will be a trying +time, but my hour is not yet come. I am good for years yet; so are you, +for many more than mine. He will protect and rescue me, though I know not +how. Go, leave me to myself, Agellius!" + +"O my father, my only stay upon earth, whom God sent me in my extreme +need, to whom I owe myself, must I then quit you; must a layman desert a +priest; the young the old?... Ah! it is I really, not you, who am without +protection. Angels surround you, father; but I am a poor wanderer. Give me +your blessing that evil may not touch me. I go." + +"Do not kneel," said the priest; "they will see you. Stop, I have got to +tell you how and where to find me." He then proceeded to give him the +necessary instructions. "Walk out," he said, "along the road to +Thibursicumbur to the third milestone, you will come to a country road; +pursue it; walk a thousand steps; then again for the space of seven +_paternosters_; and then speak to the man upon your right hand. And now +away with you, God speed you, we shall not long be parted," and he made +the sign of the cross over him. + +"That old chap gives himself airs," said the boy, when Agellius joined +him; "what may he be? one of your slaves, Agellius?" + +"You're a pert boy," answered he, "for asking me the question." + +"They say the Christians brought the locusts," said Firmian, "by their +enchantments; and there's a jolly row beginning in the Forum just now. The +report goes that you are a Christian." + +"That's because your people have nothing better to do than talk against +their neighbours." + +"Because you are so soft, rather," said the boy. "Another man would have +knocked me down for saying it; but you are lackadaisical folk, who bear +insults tamely. Arnobius says your father was a Christian." + +"Father and son are not always the same religion now-a-days," said +Agellius. + +"Ay, ay," answered Firmian, "but the Christians came from Egypt: and as +cook there is the son of cook, and soldier is son of soldier, so +Christian, take my word for it, is the son of a Christian." + +"Christians boast, I believe," answered Agellius, "that they are of no one +race or country, but are members of a large unpatriotic family, whose home +is in the sky." + +"Christians," answered the boy, "would never have framed the great Roman +empire; that was the work of heroes. Great Csar, Marius, Marcus Brutus, +Camillus, Cicero, Sylla, Lucullus, Scipio, could never have been +Christians. Arnobius says they are a skulking set of fellows." + +"I suppose you wish to be a hero," said Agellius. + +"I am to be a pleader," answered Firmian; "I should like to be a great +orator like Cicero, and every one listening to me." + +They were walking along the top of a mud wall, which separated Varius's +farm from his neighbour's, when suddenly Firmian, who led the way, leapt +down into a copse, which reached as far as the ravine in which the knoll +terminated towards Sicca. The boy still went forward by devious paths, +till they had mounted as high as the city wall. + +"You are bringing me where there is no entrance," said Agellius. + +The boy laughed. "Jucundus told me to bring you by a blind way," he said. +"You know best why. This is one of our ways in and out." + +There was an aperture in the wall, and the bricks and stones about it were +loose, and admitted of removal. It was such a private way of passage as +schoolboys know of. On getting through, Agellius found himself in a +neglected garden or small close. Everything was silent about them, as if +the inhabitants were away; there was a great noise in the distance, as if +something unusual were going on in the heart of the town. The boy told him +to follow him as fast as he could without exciting remark; and, leading +him by lanes and alleys unknown to Agellius, at last brought him close +upon the scene of riot. At this time the expedition in search of +Christians had just commenced; to cross the Forum was to shorten his +journey, and perhaps was safer than to risk meeting the mob in the +streets. Firmian took the step; and while their attention was directed +elsewhere, brought Agellius safely through it. They then proceeded +cautiously as before, till they stood before the back door of the house of +Jucundus. + +"Say a good word for me to your uncle," said the boy, "I have done my job. +He must remember me handsomely at the Augustalia," and he ran away. + + + +Meanwhile Ccilius had been anxiously considering the course which it was +safest for him to pursue. He must move, but he must wait till dusk, when +the ways were clear, and the light uncertain. Till then he must keep close +in-doors. There was a remarkable cavern in the mountains above Sicca, +which had been used as a place of refuge for Christians from the very time +they had first suffered persecution in Roman Africa. No spot in its whole +territory seemed more fit for what is called a base of operations, from +which the soldiers of the Cross might advance, or to which they might +retire, according as the fury of their enemy grew or diminished. While it +was in the midst of a wilderness difficult of access, and feared as the +resort of ghosts and evil influences, it was not far from a city near to +which the high roads met from Hippo and from Carthage. A branch of the +Bagradas, navigable for boats, opened a way from it through the woods, +where flight and concealment were easy on a surprise, as far as Madaura, +Vacca, and other places; at the same time it commanded the vast plain on +the south which extended to the roots of the Atlas. Just now, the +persecution growing, many deacons, other ecclesiastics, and prominent +laymen from all parts of the country had fallen back upon this cavern or +grotto; and in no place could Ccilius have better means than here of +learning the general state of affairs, and of communicating with countries +beyond the seas. He was indeed on his way thither, when the illness of +Agellius made it a duty for him to stop and restore him, and attend to his +spiritual needs; and he had received an inward intimation, on which he +implicitly relied, to do so. + +The problem at this moment was how to reach the refuge in question. His +direct road lay through Sicca; this being impracticable at present, he had +to descend into the ravine which lay between him and the city, and, +turning to the left, to traverse the broad plain, the Campus Martius of +Sicca, into which it opened. Here the mountain would rise abruptly on his +right with those steep cliffs which we have already described as rounding +the north side of Sicca. He must traverse many miles before he could reach +the point at which the rock lost its precipitous character, and changed +into a declivity allowing the traveller to ascend. It was a bold +undertaking; for all this he had to accomplish in the dark before the +morning broke, a stranger too to the locality, and directing his movements +only by the information of others, which, however accurate and distinct, +could scarcely be followed, even if without risk of error, at least +without misgiving. However, could he master this point before the morning +he was comparatively safe; he then had to strike into the solitary +mountains, and to retrace his steps for a while towards Sicca along the +road, till he came to a place where he knew that Christian scouts or +_videttes_ (as they may be called) were always stationed. + +This being his plan, and there being no way of mending it, our confessor +retired into the cottage, and devoted the intervening hours to intercourse +with that world from which his succour must come. He set himself to +intercede for the Holy Catholic Church throughout the world, now for the +most part under persecution, and for the Roman Empire, not yet holy, which +was the instrument of the evil powers against her. He had to pray for the +proconsulate, for Numidia, Mauretania, and the whole of Africa; for the +Christian communities throughout it, for the cessation of the trial then +present, and for the fortitude and perseverance of all who were tried. He +had to pray for his own personal friends, his penitents, converts, +enemies; for children, catechumens, neophytes; for those who were +approaching the Church, for those who had fallen away, or were falling +away from her; for all heretics, for all troublers of unity, that they +might be reclaimed. He had to confess, bewail and deprecate the many sins +and offences which he knew of, foreboded, or saw in prospect as to come. +Scarcely had he entered on his charge at Carthage four years before, when +he had had to denounce one portentous scandal in which a sacred order of +the ministry was implicated. What internal laxity did not that scandal +imply! And then again what a low standard of religion, what niggardly +faith, and what worn-out, used-up sanctity in the community at large, was +revealed in the fact of those frequent apostasies of individuals which +then were occurring! He prayed fervently that both from the bright pattern +of martyrs, and from the warning afforded by the lapsed, the Christian +body might be edified and invigorated. He saw with great anxiety two +schisms in prospect, when the persecution should come to an end, one from +the perverseness of those who were too rigid, the other from those who +were too indulgent towards the fallen; and in proportion to his gift of +prescience was the earnestness of his intercession that the wounds of the +Church might be healed with the least possible delay. He then turned to +the thought of his own correspondence then in progress with the Holy Roman +Church, which had lately lost its bishop by martyrdom. This indeed was no +unusual event with the see of Peter, in which the successors of Peter +followed Peter's steps, as Peter had been bidden to follow the King and +Exemplar of Martyrs. But the special trouble was, that months had passed, +full five, since the vacancy occurred, and it had not yet been supplied. +Then he thought of Fabian, who made the vacancy, and who had already +passed through that trial which was to bring to so many Christians life or +condemnation, and he commended himself to his prayers against the hour of +his own combat. He thought of Fabian's work, and went on to intercede for +the remnant of the seven apostles whom that Pope had sent into Gaul, and +some of whom had already obtained the martyr's crown. He prayed that the +day might come, when not the cities only of that fair country, but its +rich champaigns and sunny slopes should hear the voice of the missionary. +He prayed in like manner for Britain, that the successful work of another +Pope, St. Eleutherius, might be extended even to its four seas. And then +he prayed for the neighbouring island on the west, still in heathen +darkness, and for the endless expanse of Germany on the east, that there +too the one saving name and glorious Faith might be known and accepted. + +His thoughts then travelled back to Rome and Italy, and to the martyrdoms +which had followed that of St. Fabian. Two Persians had already suffered +in the imperial city; Maximus had lost his life, and Felix had been +imprisoned, at Nola. Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt had already afforded +victims to the persecution, and cried aloud to all Christians for their +most earnest prayers and for repeated Masses in behalf of those who +remained under the trial. Babylas, Bishop of Antioch, the third see in +Christendom, was already martyred in that city. Here again Ccilius had a +strong call on him for intercession, for a subtle form of freethinking was +there manifesting itself, the issue of which was as uncertain as it might +be frightful. The Bishop of Alexandria, that second of the large divisions +or patriarchates of the Church, the great Dionysius, the pupil of Origen, +was an exile from his see, like himself. The messenger who brought this +news to Carthage had heard at Alexandria a report from Neocsarea, that +Gregory, another pupil of Origen's, the Apostle of Pontus, had also been +obliged to conceal himself from the persecution. As for Origen himself, +the aged, laborious, gifted, zealous teacher of his time, he was just then +engaged in answering the works of an Epicurean called Celsus, and on him +too the persecution was likely to fall; and Ccilius prayed earnestly that +so great a soul might be kept from such high untrue speculations as were +threatening evil at Antioch, and from every deceit and snare which might +endanger his inheriting that bright crown which ought to be his portion in +heaven. Another remarkable report had come, viz., that some young men of +Egypt had retired to the deserts up the country under the stress of the +persecution,--Paul was the name of one of them,--and that they were there +living in the practice of mortification and prayer so singular, and had +combats with the powers of darkness and visitations from above so special, +as to open quite a new era in the spiritual history of the Church. + +And then his thoughts came back to his poor Agellius, and all those +hundred private matters of anxiety which the foes of the Church, occupied +only with her external aspect, little suspected. For Agellius, he prayed, +and for his; for the strange wayward Juba, for Jucundus, for Callista; ah! +that Callista might be brought on to that glorious consummation, for which +she seemed marked out! But the ways of the Most High are not as our ways, +and those who to us seem nearest are often furthest from Him; and so our +holy priest left the whole matter in the hands of Him to whom he prayed, +satisfied that he had done his part in praying. + +This was the course of thought which occupied him for many hours, after +(as we have said) he had closed the door upon him, and knelt down before +the cross. Not merely before the symbol of redemption did he kneel; for he +opened his tunic at the neck, and drew thence a small golden pyx which was +there suspended. In that carefully fastened case he possessed the Holiest, +his Lord and his God. That Everlasting Presence was his stay and guide +amid his weary wanderings, his joy and consolation amid his overpowering +anxieties. Behold the secret of his sweet serenity, and his clear +unclouded determination. He had placed it upon the small table at which he +knelt, and was soon absorbed in meditation and intercession. + + + + + + CHAPTER XIX. + + + A PASSAGE OF ARMS. + + +How many hours passed while Ccilius was thus employed, he did not know. +The sun was declining when he was roused by a noise at the door. He +hastily restored the sacred treasure to its hiding-place in his breast, +and rose up from his knees. The door was thrown back, and a female form +presented itself at the opening. She looked in at the priest, and said, +"Then Agellius is not here?" + +The woman was young, tall, and graceful in person. She was clad in a +yellow cotton tunic, reaching to her feet, on which were shoes. The clasps +at her shoulders, partly visible under the short cloak or shawl which was +thrown over them, and which might, if necessary, be drawn over her head, +seemed to serve the purpose, not only of fastening her dress, but of +providing her with sharp prongs or minute stilettos for her defence, in +case she fell in with ruffians by the way; and though the expression of +her face was most feminine, there was that about it which implied she +could use them for that purpose on an emergency. That face was clear in +complexion, regular in outline, and at the present time pale, whatever +might be its ordinary tint. Its charm was a noble and majestic calm. There +is the calm of divine peace and joy; there is the calm of heartlessness; +there is the calm of reckless desperation; there is the calm of death. +None of these was the calm which breathed from the features of the +stranger who intruded upon the solitude of Ccilius. It was the calm of +Greek sculpture; it imaged a soul nourished upon the visions of genius, +and subdued and attuned by the power of a strong will. There was no +appearance of timidity in her manner; very little of modesty. The evening +sun gleamed across her amber robe, and lit it up till it glowed like fire, +as if she were invested in the marriage _flammeum_, and was to be claimed +that evening as the bride of her own bright god of day. + +She looked at Ccilius, first with surprise, then with anxiety; and her +words were, "You, I fear, are of his people. If so, make the most of these +hours. The foe may be on you to-morrow morning. Fly while you can." + +"If I am a Christian," answered Ccilius, "what are you who are so careful +of us? Have you come all the way from Sicca to give the alarm to mere +atheists and magic-mongers?" + +"Stranger," she said, "if you had seen what I have seen, what I have heard +of to-day, you would not wonder at my wish to save from a like fate the +vilest being on earth. A hideous mob is rioting in the city, thirsting for +the blood of Christians; an accident may turn it in the direction of +Agellius. He is gone; where is he? Murderous outrages have already been +perpetrated; you remain." + +"She who is so tender of Christians," answered the priest, "must herself +have some sparks of the Christian flame in her own breast." + +Callista sat down half unconsciously upon the bench or stool near the +door; but she at once suddenly started up again, and said, "Away, fly! +perhaps they are coming; where is he?" + +"Fear not," said Ccilius; "Agellius has been conveyed away to a safe +hiding-place; for me, I shall be taken care of; there is no need for +hurry; sit down again. But you," he continued, "you must not be found +here." + +"They know _me_," she said; "I am well known here. I work for the temples. +I have nothing to fear. I am no Christian;" and, as if from an +inexplicable overruling influence, she sat down again. + +"Not a Christian yet, you mean," answered Ccilius. + +"A person must be born a Christian, sir," she replied, "in order to take +up the religion. It is a very beautiful idea, as far as I have heard +anything about it; but one must suck it in with one's mother's milk." + +"If so, it never could have come into the world," said the priest. + +She paused for a while. "It is true," she answered at length; "but a new +religion begins by appealing to what is peculiar in the minds of a few. +The doctrine, floating on the winds, finds its own; it takes possession of +their minds; they answer its call; they are brought together by that +common influence; they are strong in each other's sympathy; they create +and throw around them an external form, and thus they found a religion. +The sons are brought up in their fathers' faith; and what was the idea of +a few becomes at length the profession of a race. Such is Judaism; such +the religion of Zoroaster, or of the Egyptians." + +"You will find," said the priest, "that the greater number of African +Christians at this moment, for of them I speak confidently, are converts +in manhood, not the sons of Christians. On the other hand, if there be +those who have left the faith, and gone up to the capitol to sacrifice, +these were Christians by hereditary profession. Such is my experience, and +I think the case is the same elsewhere." + +She seemed to be speaking more for the sake of getting answers than of +objecting arguments. She paused again, and thought; then she said, +"Mankind is made up of classes of very various mental complexion, as +distinct from each other as the colours which meet the eye. Red and blue +are incommensurable; and in like manner, a Magian never can become a +Greek, nor a Greek a Coelicolist. They do but make themselves fools when +they attempt it." + +"Perhaps the most deeply convinced, the most tranquil-minded in the +Christian body," answered Ccilius, "will tell you, on the contrary, that +there was a time when they hated Christianity, and despised and +ill-treated its professors." + +"_I_ never did any such thing," cried Callista, "since the day I first +heard of it. I am not its enemy, but I cannot believe in it. I am sure I +never could; I never, never should be able." + +"What is it you cannot believe?" asked the priest. + +"It seems too beautiful," she said, "to be anything else than a dream. It +is a thing to talk about, but when you come near its professors you see it +is impossible. A most beautiful imagination, _that_ is what it is. Most +beautiful its precepts, as far as I have heard of them; so beautiful, that +in idea there is no difficulty. The mind runs along with them, as if it +could accomplish them without an effort. Well, its maxims are too +beautiful to be realized; and then on the other hand, its dogmas are too +dismal, too shocking, too odious to be believed. They revolt me." + +"Such as what?" asked Ccilius. + +"Such as this," answered Callista. "Nothing will ever make me believe that +all my people have gone and will go to an eternal Tartarus." + +"Had we not better confine ourselves to something more specific, more +tangible?" asked Ccilius, gravely. "I suppose if one individual may have +that terrible lot, another may--both may, many may. Suppose I understand +you to say that you never will believe that _you_ will go to an eternal +Tartarus." + +Callista gave a slight start, and showed some uneasiness or displeasure. + +"Is it not likely," continued he, "that you are better able to speak of +yourself, and to form a judgment about yourself, than about others? +Perhaps if you could first speak confidently about yourself, you would be +in a better position to speak about others also." + +"Do you mean," she said, in a calm tone, "that my place, after this life, +is an everlasting Tartarus?" + +"Are you happy?" he asked in turn. + +She paused, looked down, and in a deep clear voice said, "No." There was a +silence. + +The priest began again: "Perhaps you have been growing in unhappiness for +years; is it so? you assent. You have a heavy burden at your heart, you +don't well know what. And the chance is, that you _will_ grow in +unhappiness for the next ten years to come. You will be more and more +unhappy the longer you live. Did you live till you were an old woman, you +would not know how to bear your existence." + +Callista cried out as if in bodily pain, "It is true, sir, whoever told +you. But how can you have the heart to say it, to insult and mock me!" + +"God forbid!" exclaimed Ccilius, "but let me go on. Listen, my child. Be +brave, and dare to look at things as they are. Every day adds to your +burden. This is a law of your present being, somewhat more certain than +the assertion which you just now so confidently made, the impossibility of +your believing in that law. You cannot refuse to accept what is not an +opinion, but a fact. I say this burden which I speak of is not simply a +dogma of our creed, it is an undeniable fact of nature. You cannot change +it by wishing; if you were to live on earth two hundred years, it would +not be reversed, it would be more and more true. At the end of two hundred +years you would be too miserable even for your worst enemy to rejoice in +it." + +Ccilius spoke, as if half in soliloquy or meditation, though he was +looking towards Callista. The contrast between them was singular: he thus +abstracted; she too, utterly forgetful of self, but absorbed in him, and +showing it by her eager eyes, her hushed breath, her anxious attitude. At +last she said impatiently, "Father, you are speaking to yourself; you +despise me." + +The priest looked straight at her with an open, untroubled smile, and +said, "Callista, do not doubt me, my poor child; you are in my heart. I +was praying for you shortly before you appeared. No; but, in so serious a +matter as attempting to save a soul, I like to speak to you in my Lord's +sight. I am speaking to you, indeed I am, my child; but I am also pleading +with you on His behalf, and before His throne." + +His voice trembled as he spoke, but he soon recovered himself. "Suffer +me," he said. "I was saying that if you lived five hundred years on earth, +you would but have a heavier load on you as time went on. But you will not +live, you will die. Perhaps you will tell me that you will then cease to +be. I don't believe you think so. I may take for granted that you think +with me, and with the multitude of men, that you will still live, that you +will still be _you_. You will still be the same being, but deprived of +those outward stays and reliefs and solaces, which, such as they are, you +now enjoy. You will be yourself, shut up in yourself. I have heard that +people go mad at length when placed in solitary confinement. If, then, on +passing hence, you are cut off from what you had here, and have only the +company of yourself, I think your burden will be, so far, greater, not +less than it is now. + +"Suppose, for instance, you had still your love of conversing, and could +not converse; your love of the poets of your race, and no means of +recalling them; your love of music, and no instrument to play upon; your +love of knowledge, and nothing to learn; your desire of sympathy, and no +one to love: would not that be still greater misery? + +"Let me proceed a step further: supposing you were among those whom you +actually did _not_ love; supposing you did _not_ like them, nor their +occupations, and could not understand their aims; suppose there be, as +Christians say, one Almighty God, and you did not like Him, and had no +taste for thinking of Him, and no interest in what He was and what He did; +and supposing you found that there was nothing else anywhere but He, whom +you did not love and whom you wished away: would you not be still more +wretched? + +"And if this went on for ever, would you not be in great inexpressible +pain for ever? + +"Assuming then, first, that the soul always needs external objects to rest +upon; next, that it has no prospect of any such when it leaves this +visible scene; and thirdly, that the hunger and thirst, the gnawing of the +heart, where it occurs, is as keen and piercing as a flame; it will follow +there is nothing irrational in the notion of an eternal Tartarus." + +"I cannot answer you, sir," said Callista, "but I do not believe the dogma +on that account a whit the more. My mind revolts from the notion. There +_must_ be some way out of it." + +"If, on the other hand," continued Ccilius, not noticing her +interruption, "if all your thoughts go one way; if you have needs, +desires, aims, aspirations, all of which demand an Object, and imply, by +their very existence, that such an Object does exist also; and if nothing +here does satisfy them, and if there be a message which professes to come +from that Object, of whom you already have the presentiment, and to teach +you about Him, and to bring the remedy you crave; and if those who try +that remedy say with one voice that the remedy answers; are you not bound, +Callista, at least to look that way, to inquire into what you hear about +it, and to ask for His help, if He be, to enable you to believe in Him?" + +"This is what a slave of mine used to say," cried Callista, abruptly; "... +and another, Agellius, hinted the same thing.... What is your remedy, what +your Object, what your love, O Christian teacher? Why are you all so +mysterious, so reserved in your communications?" + +Ccilius was silent for a moment, and seemed at a loss for an answer. At +length he said, "Every man is in that state which you confess of yourself. +We have no love for Him who alone lasts. We love those things which do not +last, but come to an end. Things being thus, He whom we ought to love has +determined to win us back to Him. With this object He has come into His +own world, in the form of one of us men. And in that human form He opens +His arms and woos us to return to Him, our Maker. This is our Worship, +this is our Love, Callista." + +"You talk as Chione," Callista answered; "only that she felt, and you +teach. She could not speak of her Master without blushing for joy.... And +Agellius, when he said one word about his Master, he too began to +blush...." + +It was plain that the priest could hardly command his feelings, and they +sat for a short while in silence. Then Callista began, as if musing on +what she had heard. + +"A loved One," she said, "yet ideal; a passion so potent, so fresh, so +innocent, so absorbing, so expulsive of other loves, so enduring, yet of +One never beheld;--mysterious! It is our own notion of the First and only +Fair, yet embodied in a substance, yet dissolving again into a sort of +imagination.... It is beyond me." + +"There is but one Lover of souls," cried Ccilius, "and He loves each one +of us, as though there were no one else to love. He died for each one of +us, as if there were no one else to die for. He died on the shameful +cross. 'Amor meus crucifixus est.' The love which he inspires lasts, for +it is the love of the Unchangeable. It satisfies, for He is inexhaustible. +The nearer we draw to Him, the more triumphantly does He enter into us; +the longer He dwells in us, the more intimately have we possession of Him. +It is an espousal for eternity. This is why it is so easy for us to die +for our faith, at which the world marvels." + +Presently he said, "Why will not _you_ approach Him? why will not you +leave the creature for the Creator?" + +Callista seldom lost her self-possession; for a moment she lost it now; +tears gushed from her eyes. "Impossible!" she said, "what, I? you do not +know me, father!" She paused, and then resumed in a different tone, "No! +_my_ lot is one way, yours another. I am a child of Greece, and have no +happiness but that, such as it is, which my own bright land, my own +glorious race, give me. I may well be content, I may well be resigned, I +may well be proud, if I possess _that_ happiness. I must live and die +where I have been born. I am a tree which will not bear transplanting. The +Assyrians, the Jews, the Egyptians, have their own mystical teaching. They +follow their happiness in their own way; mine is a different one. The +pride of mind, the revel of the intellect, the voice and eyes of genius, +and the fond beating heart, I cannot do without them. I cannot do without +what you, Christian, call sin. Let me alone; such as nature made me I will +be. I cannot change." + +This sudden revulsion of her feelings quite overcame Ccilius; yet, while +the disappointment thrilled through him, he felt a most strange sympathy +for the poor lost girl, and his reply was full of emotion. "Am _I_ a Jew?" +he exclaimed; "am _I_ an Egyptian, or an Assyrian? Have I from my youth +believed and possessed what now is my Life, my Hope, and my Love? Child, +_what_ was once my life? Am not _I_ too a brand plucked out of the fire? +Do _I_ deserve anything but evil? Is it not the Power, the Mighty Power of +the only Strong, the only Merciful, the grace of Emmanuel, which has +changed and won me? If He can change me, an old man, could He not change a +child like you? I, a proud, stern Roman; I, a lover of pleasure, a man of +letters, of political station, with formed habits, and life-long +associations, and complicated relations; was it _I_ who wrought this great +change in me, who gained for myself the power of hating what I once loved, +of unlearning what I once knew, nay, of even forgetting what once I was? +Who has made you and me to differ, but He who can, when He will, make us +to agree? It is His same Omnipotence which will transform _you_, if you +will but come to be transformed." + +But a reaction had come over the proud and sensitive mind of the Greek +girl. "So after all, priest," she said, "you are but a man like others; a +frail, guilty person like myself. I can find plenty of persons who do as I +do; I want some one who does not; I want some one to worship. I thought +there was something in you special and extraordinary. There was a +gentleness and tenderness mingled with your strength which was new to me. +I said, Here is at last a god. My own gods are earthly, sensual; I have no +respect for them, no faith in them. But there is nothing better anywhere +else.... Alas!..." She started up, and said with vehemence, "I thought you +sinless; you confess to crime.... Ah! how do I know," she continued with a +shudder, "that you are better than those base hypocrites, priests of Isis +or Mithras, whose lustrations, initiations, new birth, white robes, and +laurel crowns, are but the instrument and cloak of their intense +depravity?" And she felt for the clasp upon her shoulder. + +Here her speech was interrupted by a hoarse sound, borne upon the wind as +of many voices blended into one and softened by the distance, but which, +under the circumstances, neither of the parties to the above conversation +had any difficulty in assigning to its real cause. "Dear father," she +said, "the enemy is upon you." + + + + + + CHAPTER XX. + + + HE SHALL NOT LOSE HIS REWARD. + + +There was no room for doubt or for delay. "What is to become of you, +Callista?" he said; "they will tear you to pieces." + +"Fear nothing for me, father," she answered; "I am one of them. They know +me. Alas, _I_ am no Christian! _I_ have not abjured their rites! but you, +lose not a moment." + +"They are still at some distance," he said, "though the wind gives us +merciful warning of their coming." He looked about the room, and took up +the books of Holy Scripture which were on the shelf. "There is nothing +else," he said, "of special value here. Agellius could not take them. +Here, my child, I am going to show you a great confidence. To few persons +not Christians would I show it. Take this blessed parchment; it contains +the earthly history of our Divine Master. Here you will see whom we +Christians love. Read it; keep it safely; surrender it, when you have the +opportunity, into Christian keeping. My mind tells me I am not wrong in +lending it to you." He handed to her the Gospel of St. Luke, while he put +the two other volumes into the folds of his own tunic. + +"One word more," she said; "your name, should I want you." + +He took up a piece of chalk from the shelf, and wrote upon the wall in +distinct characters, + + "Thascius Ccilius Cyprianus, Bishop of Carthage." + +Hardly had she read the inscription when the voices of several men were +heard in the very neighbourhood of the cottage; and hoping to effect a +diversion in favour of Ccilius, and being at once unsuspicious of danger +to herself, and careless of her life, she ran quickly forward to meet +them. Ccilius ought to have taken to flight without a moment's delay, but +a last sacred duty detained him. He knelt down and took the pyx from his +bosom. He had eaten nothing that day; but even if otherwise, it was a +crisis which allowed him to consume the sacred species without fasting. He +hastily opened the golden case, adored the blessed sacrament, and consumed +it, purifying its receptacle, and restoring it to its hiding-place. Then +he rose at once and left the cottage. + +He looked about; Callista was nowhere to be seen. She was gone; so much +was certain, no enemy was in sight; it only remained for him to make off +too. In the confusion he turned in the wrong direction; instead of making +off at the back of the cottage from which the voices had scared him, he +ran across the garden into the hollow way. It was all over with him in an +instant; he fell at once into the hands of the vanguard of the mob. + +Many mouths were opened upon him all at once. "The sorcerer!" cried one; +"tear him to shreds; _we'll_ teach him to brew his spells against the +city." "Give us back our grapes and corn," said a second. "Have a guard," +said a third; "he can turn you into swine or asses while there is breath +in him," "Then be the quicker with him," said a fourth, who was lifting up +a crowbar to discharge upon his head. "Hold!" said a tall swarthy youth, +who had already warded off several blows from him, "hold, will you? don't +you see, if you kill him he can't undo the spell. Make him first reverse +it all; make him take the curse off us. Bring him along; take him to +Astarte, Hercules, or old Saturn. We'll broil him on a gridiron till he +turns all these canes into vines, and makes olive berries of the pebbles, +and turns the dust of the earth into fine flour for our eating. When he +has done all this he shall dance a jig with a wild cow, and sit down to +supper with an hyena." + +A loud scream of exultation broke forth from the drunken and frantic +multitude. "Along with him!" continued the same speaker in a jeering tone. +"Here, put him on the ass and tie his hands behind his back. He shall go +back in triumph to the city which he loves. Mind, and don't touch him +before the time. If you kill him, you'll never get the curse off. Come +here, you priests of Cybele," he added, "and be his body-guard." And he +continued to keep a vigilant eye and hand over the old man, in spite of +them. + +The ass, though naturally a good-tempered beast, had been most sadly tried +through the day. He had been fed, indeed, out of mockery, as being the +Christians' god; but he did not understand the shouts and caprices of the +crowd, and he only waited for an opportunity to show that he by no means +acquiesced in the proceedings of the day. And now the difficulty was to +move at all. The people kept crowding up the hollow road, and blocked the +passage, and though the greater part of the rioters had either been left +behind exhausted in Sicca itself, or had poured over the fields on each +side of Agellius's cottage, or gone right over the hill down into the +valley beyond, yet still it was some time before the ass could move a +step, and a time of nervous suspense it was both to Ccilius and the youth +who befriended him. At length what remained of the procession was +persuaded to turn about and make for Sicca, but in a reversed order. It +could not be brought round in so confined a space, so its rear went first +and the ass and its burden came last. As they descended the hill back +again, Ccilius, who was mounted upon the linen and silk which had adorned +the Dea Syra before the Tertullianist had destroyed the idol, saw before +him the whole line of march. In front were flaunted the dreadful emblems +of idolatry, so far as their bearers were able still to raise them. +Drunken women, ragged boys mounted on men's shoulders, ruffians and +bullies, savage-looking Getulians, half-human monsters from the Atlas, +monkeys and curs jabbering and howling, mummers, bacchanals, satyrs, and +gesticulators, formed the staple of the procession. Midway between the +hill which he was descending and the city lay the ravine, of which we have +several times spoken, widening out into the plain or Campus Martius, which +reached round to the steep cliffs on the north. The bridle-path, along +which he was moving, crossed it just where it was opening and became +level, so as to present no abrupt descent and ascent at the place where +the path was lowest. On the left every vestige of the ravine soon ceased, +and a free passage extended to the plain. + +The youth who had placed Ccilius on the ass still kept close to him and +sung at the pitch of his voice, in imitation of the rest-- + + "Sporting and snorting in shades of the night, + His ears pricking up, and his hoofs striking light, + And his tail whisking round, in the speed of his flight." + +"Old man," he continued to Ccilius in a low voice, and in Latin, "your +curse has not worked on me yet." + +"My son," answered the priest, "you are granted one day more for +repentance." + +"Lucky for you as well as for me," was the reply: and he continued his +song:-- + + "Gurta, the witch, was out with the rest; + Though as lame as a gull, by his highness possessed, + She shouldered her crutch, and danced with the best. + + "She stamped and she twirled in the shade of the yew, + Till her gossips and chums of the city danced too; + They never are slack when there's mischief to do. + + "She danced and she coaxed, but he was no fool; + He'd be his own master, he'd not be her tool: + Not the little black moor should send him to school." + +He then turned to Ccilius and whispered, "You see, old father, that +others, besides Christians, can forgive and forget. Henceforth call me +generous Juba." And he tossed his head. + +By this time they had got to the bottom of the hill, and the deep shadows +which filled the hollow showed that the sun was rapidly sinking in the +west. Suddenly, as they were crossing the bottom as it opened into the +plain, Juba seized and broke the thong which bound Ccilius's arms, and +bestowing a tremendous cut with it upon the side of the ass, sent him +forward upon the plain at his greatest speed. The youth's manoeuvre was +successful to the full. The asses of Africa can do more on an occasion of +this kind than our own. Ccilius for the moment lost his seat; but, +instantly recovering it, took care to keep the animal from flagging; and +the cries of the mob, and the howlings of the priests of Cybele cooperated +in the task. At length the gloom, increasing every minute, hid him from +their view; and even in daylight his recapture would have been a difficult +matter for a wearied-out, famished, and intoxicated rabble. Before +Ccilius well had time to return thanks for this unexpected turn of +events, he was out of pursuit, and was ambling at a pace more suitable to +the habits of the beast of burden that carried him, over an expanse of +plain which would have been a formidable night-march to a fasting man. + + + +We must not conclude the day without relating what was its issue to the +persecutors, as well as to their intended victim. It is almost a proverb +that punishment is slow in overtaking crime; but the present instance was +an exception to the rule. While the exiled Bishop of Carthage escaped, the +crowd, on the other hand, were caught in the trap which had been laid for +them. We have already said it was a _ruse_ on the part of the governing +authorities of the place to get the rioters out of the city, that they +might at once be relieved of them, and then deal with them just as they +might think fit. When the mob was once outside the walls, they might be +refused re-admittance, and put down with a strong hand. The Roman +garrison, who, powerless to quell the tumult in the narrow and winding +streets and multiplied alleys of the city, had been the authors of the +manoeuvre, now took on themselves the stern completion of it, and +determined to do so in the sternest way. Not a single head of all those +who poured out in the afternoon should return at night. It was not to be +supposed that the soldiers had any tenderness for the Christians, but they +abominated and despised the rabble of the town. They were indignant at +their rising, thought it a personal insult to themselves, and resolved +they should never do so again. The gates were commonly in the custody of +the city guard, but the Porta Septimiana, by which the mob passed out, was +on this occasion claimed by the Romans. It was most suitably circumstanced +for the use they intended to make of it. Immediately outside of it was a +large court of the same level as the ground inside, bordered on the right +and left by substantial walls, which after a time were drawn to meet each +other, and contracted the space to the usual breadth of a road. The walls +continued to run along this road for some distance, till they joined the +way which led to the Campus Martius, and from this point the ground was +open till it reached the head of the ravine. The soldiers drew up at the +gate, and as the worn-out and disappointed, brutalized and half-idiotic +multitudes returned towards it from the country, those who were behind +pushed on between the border walls those who were in front, and, while +they jammed together their ranks, also made escape impossible. It was now +that the Roman soldiers began their barbarous, not to say cowardly, +assault upon them. With heavy maces, with the pike, with iron gauntlets, +with stones and bricks, with clubs, with scourge, with the sword, with the +helmet, with whatever came to hand, they commenced the massacre of that +large concourse of human beings, who did not offer one blow in return. +They slaughtered them like sheep; they trampled them down; they threw the +bodies of the wounded over the walls. Attempting to run back, numbers of +the poor wretches came into conflict with the ranks behind them, and an +additional scene of confusion and overthrow took place; many of them +straggled over to the open country or woods, and perished, either from the +weather, or from hunger, or even from the wild beasts. Others, weakened by +excess and famine, fell a prey to the pestilence that was raging. After +some days a remnant of them was allowed silently and timidly to steal back +into the city as best they could. It was a long day before the Plebs +Siccensis ventured to have any opinion of its own upon the subject of +Christianity, or any other political, social, or ecclesiastical topic +whatever. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXI. + + + STARTLING RUMOURS. + + +When Jucundus rose next morning, and heard the news, he considered it to +be more satisfactory than he could have supposed possible. He was a +zealous imperialist, and a lover of tranquillity, a despiser of the +natives and a hater of the Christians. The Christians had suffered enough +to vindicate the Roman name, to deter those who were playing at +Christianity, and to show that the people of Sicca had their eyes about +them. And the mob had received a severe lesson too; and the cause of +public order had triumphed, and civic peace was re-established. His +anxiety, too, about Agellius had terminated, or was terminating. He had +privately denounced him to the government, come to an understanding with +the military authorities, and obtained the custody of him. He had met him +at the very door to which the boy Firmian brought him, with an apparitor +of the military staff (or what answered to it), and had clapped him into +prison in an underground cellar in which he kept damaged images, and those +which had gone out of fashion, and were otherwise unsaleable. He was not +at all sorry, by some suffering, and by some fright, to aid the more +potent incantation which Callista was singing in his ears. He did not, +however, at all forget Juba's hint, and was careful not to overdo the +rack-and-gridiron dodge, if we may so designate it; yet he thought just a +flavour or a thought of the inconveniences which the profession of +Christianity involved might be a salutary reflection in the midst of the +persuasives which the voice and eyes of Callista would kindle in his +heart. There was nothing glorious or heroic in being confined in a lumber +cellar, no one knowing anything about it; and he did not mean to keep him +there for ever. + +As the next day wore on towards evening, rumour brought a piece of news +which he was at first utterly unable to credit, and which for the moment +seemed likely to spoil the appetite which promised so well for his evening +repast. He could hardly believe his ears when he was told that Callista +was in arrest on a charge of Christianity, and at first it made him look +as black as some of those Egyptian gods which he had on one shelf of his +shop. However, he rallied, and was very much amused at the report. The +imprisonment indeed was a fact, account for it as one could; but who +_could_ account for it? "Varium et mutabile:" who could answer for the +whims and fancies of womankind? If she had fallen in love with the owl of +Minerva, or cut off her auburn tresses, or turned rope-dancer, there might +have been some shrugging of shoulders, but no one would have tried to +analyze the motive; but so much his profound sagacity enabled him to see, +that, if there was one thing more than another likely to sicken Agellius +of Christianity, it was to find one who was so precious to him suffering +from the suspicion of it. It was bad enough to have suffered one's self in +such a cause; still he could conceive, he was large-minded enough to +grant, that Agellius might have some secret satisfaction in the antagonist +feeling of resentment and obstinacy which that suffering might engender: +but it was carrying matters too far, and no comfort in any point of view, +to find Callista, his beloved, the object of a similar punishment. It was +all very well to profess Christianity as a matter of sentiment, mystery, +and singularity; but when it was found to compromise the life or limbs of +another, and that other Callista, why it was plain that Agellius would be +the very first to try and entreat the wayward girl to keep her good looks +for him, and to be loyal to the gods of her country; and he chuckled over +the thought, as others have done in other states of society, of a +love-scene or a marriage being the termination of so much high romance and +fine acting. + +However, the next day Aristo came down to him himself, and gave him an +account at once more authentic and more extended on the matter which +interested him. Callista had been called up before the tribunal, and had +not been discharged, but remanded. The meaning of it was as obscure as +ever; Aristo could give no account of it; it almost led him to believe in +the evil eye; some unholy practices, some spells such as only potent +wizards know, some deplorable delusion or hallucination, had for the time +got the mastery of his sister's mind. No one seemed quite to know how she +had found her way into the hands of the officers; but there she was, and +the problem was how to get her out of them. + +However, whatever mystery, whatever anxiety, attached to the case, it was +only still more urgent to bring the matter home to Agellius without delay. +If time went on before the parties were brought together, she might grow +more obstinate, and kindle a like spirit in him. Oh that boys and girls +_would_ be giving old people, who wish them well, so much trouble! +However, it was no good thinking of that just then. He considered that, at +the present moment, they would not be able to bear the sight of each other +in suffering and peril; that mutual tenderness would make them plead with +each other in each other's behalf, and that each would be obliged to set +the example to each of a concession, to which each exhorted each; and on +this fine philosophical view he proceeded to act. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXII. + + + JUCUNDUS PROPOUNDS HIS VIEW OF THE SITUATION. + + +For thirty-six hours Agellius had been confined in his underground +receptacle, light being almost excluded, a bench and a rug being his means +of repose, and a full measure of bread, wine, and olives being his dole. +The shrieks and yells of the rioters could be distinctly heard in his +prison, as the day of his seizure went on, and they passed by the temple +of Astarte; but what happened at his farm, and how it fared with Ccilius, +he had no means of conjecturing; nor indeed how it was to fare with +himself, for on the face of the transaction, as was in form the fact, he +was in the hands of the law, and only indulged with the house of a +relative for his prison. On the second night he was released by his +uncle's confidential slave, who brought him up to a small back closet on +the ground floor, which was lighted from the roof, and next morning, being +the second day after the riot, Jucundus came in to have his confidential +conversation with him. + +His uncle began by telling him that he was a government prisoner, but that +he hoped by his influence in high places to get him off and out of Sicca +without any prejudice to his honour. He told him that he had managed it +privately, and if he had treated him with apparent harshness up to the +evening before, it was in order to save appearances with the apparitors +who had attended him. He then went on to inform him that the mob had +visited his cottage, and had caught some man there; he supposed some +accomplice or ally of his nephew's. They had seized him, and were bringing +him off, but the fellow had been clever enough to effect his escape. He +did not know more than this, but it had happened very fortunately, for the +general belief in the place was, that it was Agellius who had been taken, +and who had managed to give them the slip. Since it could not any longer +be safely denied that he was a Christian, though he (Jucundus) did not +think so himself, he had encouraged or rather had given his confirmation +to the report; and when some persons who had means of knowing had asserted +that the culprit was double the age of his nephew and more, and not at all +of his make or description, but a sort of slave, or rather that he was the +slave of Agellius who had belonged to his father Strabo, Jucundus had +boldly asserted that Agellius, in the emergency, had availed himself of +some of the remarkably powerful charms which Christians were known to +possess, and had made himself seem what he really was not, in order to +escape detection. It had not indeed answered the purpose entirely, for he +had actually been taken; but no blame in the charm, which perhaps, after +all, had enabled him to escape. However, Agellius was gone, he told +people, and a good riddance, and he hoped never to see him again. "But you +see, my dear boy," he concluded, "this was all talk for the occasion, for +I hope you will live here many years in respectability and credit. I +intend you should close my eyes when my time comes, and inherit whatever I +have to leave you; for as to that fellow Juba, he inspires me with no +confidence in him at all." + +Agellius thanked his uncle with all his heart for his kind and successful +efforts on his behalf; he did not think there was a word he had said, in +the future he had sketched for him, which he could have wished altered. +But he thought Jucundus over-sanguine; much as he should like to live with +him and tend him in his old age, he did not think he should ever be +permitted to return to Sicca. He was a Christian, and must seek some +remote corner of the world, or at least some city where he was unknown. +Every one in Sicca would point at him as the Christian; he would +experience a thousand rubs and collisions, even if the mob did not rise +against him, without corresponding advantage; on the other hand, he would +have no influence. But were he in the midst of a powerful and +widely-extended community of Christians, he might in his place do work, +and might extend the faith as one of a number, unknown himself, and strong +in his brethren. He therefore proposed as soon as possible to sell his +effects and stock, and retire from the sight of men, at least for a time. + +"You think this persecution, then, will be soon at an end?" asked +Jucundus. + +"I judge by the past," answered Agellius; "there have been times of trial +and of rest hitherto, and I suppose it will be so again. And one place has +hitherto been exempt from the violence of our enemies, when another has +been the scene of it." + +"A new time is coming, trust me," said Jucundus, gravely. "Those popular +commotions are all over. What happened two days ago is a sample of what +will come of them; they have received their _coup-de-grce_. The State is +taking up the matter, Rome itself, thank the gods! a tougher sort of +customer than these villain ratcatchers and offal-eaters, whom you had to +do with two days since. Great Rome is now at length in earnest, my boy, +which she ought to have been a long time back, before you were born; and +then you know," and he nodded, "you would have had no choice; you wouldn't +have had the temptation to make a fool of yourself." + +"Well, then," answered Agellius, "if a new time is really coming, there is +less chance than ever of my continuing here." + +"Now be a sensible fellow, as you are when you choose," said his uncle; +"look the matter in the face, do. You cannot wrestle with impossibilities, +you cannot make facts to pattern. There are lawful religions, there are +illicit. Christianity is illicit; it is not tolerated; that's not your +fault; you cannot help it; you would, if you could; you can't. Now you +have observed your point of honour; you have shown you can stand up like a +man, and suffer for your own fancy. Still Rome does not give way; and you +must make the best of it. You must give in, and you are far too good (I +don't compliment, I speak my mind), far too amiable, excellent, sweet a +boy for so rascally a superstition." + +"There is something stronger than Rome," said the nephew almost sternly. + +Jucundus cut him short. "Agellius!" he said, "you must not say that in +this house. You shall not use that language under my roof. I'll not put up +with it, I tell you. Take your treason elsewhere.... This accursed +obstinacy!" he said to himself; "but I must take care what I am doing;" +then aloud, "Well, we both of us have been railing; no good comes of +railing; railing is not argument. But now, I say, do be sensible, if you +can. Is not the imperial government in earnest now? better late than +never, but it is now in earnest. And now mark my words, by this day five +years, five years at the utmost,--I say by this day five years there will +not be a single ragamuffin Christian in the whole Roman world." And he +looked fierce. "Ye gods! Rome, Rome has swept from the earth by her very +breath conspiracies, confederacies, plots against her, without ever +failing; she will do so now with this contemptible, Jew-begotten foe." + +"In what are we enemies to Rome, Jucundus?" said Agellius; "why will you +always take it for granted?" + +"Take it for granted!" answered he, "is it not on the face of the matter? +I suppose _they_ are enemies to a state, whom the state _calls_ its +enemies. Besides, why a pother of words? Swear by the genius of the +emperor, invoke the Dea Roma, sacrifice to Jove; no, not a bit of it, not +a whisper, not a sign, not a grain of incense. You go out of your way to +insult us; and then you come with a grave face, and say you are loyal. You +kick our shins, and you wish us to kiss you on both cheeks for it. A few +harmless ceremonies; we are not entrapping you; we are not using your +words against yourselves; we tell you the meaning beforehand, the whole +meaning of them. It is not as if we tied you to the belief of the nursery: +we don't say, 'If you burn incense, you profess to believe that old +Jupiter is shivering atop of Olympus;' we don't say, 'You swear by the +genius of Csar, therefore he has a genius, black, or white, or piebald,' +No, we give you the meaning of the act; it is a mere expression of loyalty +to the empire. If then you won't do it, you confess yourself _ipso facto_ +disloyal. It is incomprehensible." And he had become quite red. + +"My dear uncle," said Agellius, "I give you my solemn word, that the +people whom you so detest do pray for the welfare of the imperial power +continually, as a matter of duty and as a matter of interest." + +"Pray! pray! fudge and nonsense!" cried Jucundus, almost mimicking him in +his indignation; "pray! who thanks you for your prayers? what's the good +of prayers? Prayers, indeed! ha, ha! A little loyalty is worth all the +praying in the world. I'll tell you what, Agellius; you are, I am sorry to +say it, but you are hand and glove with a set of traitors, who shall and +will be smoked out like a nest of wasps. _You_ don't know; _you_ are not +in the secret, nor the wretched slave, poor beast, who was pulled to +pieces yesterday (ah! you don't know of him) at the Flamen's, nor a +multitude of other idiots. But, d'ye see," and he chucked up his head +significantly, "there are puppets, and there are wires. Few know what is +going on. They won't have done (unless we put them down; but we will) till +they have toppled down the state. But Rome will put them down. Come, be +sensible, listen to reason; now I am going to put facts before my poor, +dear, well-meaning boy. Oh that you saw things as I do! What a trouble you +are to me! Here am I"---- + +"My dearest uncle, Jucundus," cried Agellius, "I assure you, it is the +most intense pain to me"---- + +"Very well, very well," interrupted the uncle in turn, "I believe it, of +course I believe it; but listen, listen. Every now and then," he continued +in a more measured and lower tone, "every now and then the secret is +blabbed--blabbed. There was that Tertullianus of Carthage, some fifty years +since. He wrote books; books have done a great deal of harm before now; +but _read_ his books--read and ponder. The fellow has the insolence to tell +the proconsul that he and the whole government, the whole city and +province, the whole Roman world, the emperors, all but the pitiful +_clique_ to which he belongs, are destined, after death, to flames for +ever and ever. There's loyalty! but the absurdity is greater than the +malevolence. Rightly are the fellows called atheists and men-haters. Our +soldiers, our statesmen, our magistrates, and judges, and senators, and +the whole community, all worshippers of the gods, every one who crowns his +head, every one who loves a joke, and all our great historic names, +heroes, and worthies,--the Scipios, the Decii, Brutus, Csar, Cato, Titus, +Trajan, Antoninus,--are inmates, not of the Elysian fields, if Elysian +fields there be, but of Tartarus, and will never find a way out of it." + +"That man, Tertullianus, is nothing to us, uncle," answered Agellius; "a +man of great ability, but he quarrelled with us, and left us." + +"_I_ can't draw nice distinctions," said Jucundus. "Your people have +quarrelled among themselves perhaps on an understanding; we can't split +hairs. It's the same with your present hierophant at Carthage, Cyprianus. +Nothing can exaggerate, I am told, the foulness of his attack upon the +gods of Rome, upon Romulus, the Augurs, the Ancilia, the consuls, and +whatever a Roman is proud of. As to the imperial city itself, there's +hardly one of their high priests that has not died under the hands of the +executioner, as a convict. The precious fellows take the title of Pontifex +Maximus; bless their impudence! Well, my boy, this is what I say; be, if +you will, so preternaturally sour and morose as to misconceive and mislike +the innocent, graceful, humanising, time-honoured usages of society; be +so, for what I care, if this is all; but it isn't all. Such misanthropy is +wisdom, absolute wisdom, compared with the Titanic presumption and +audacity of challenging to single combat the sovereign of the world. Go +and kick down Mount Atlas first." + +"You have it all your own way, Jucundus," answered his nephew, "and so you +must move in your own circle, round and round. There is no touching you, +if you first assume your premisses, and then prove them by means of your +conclusion." + +"My dear Agellius," said his uncle, giving his head a very solemn shake, +"take the advice of an old man. When you are older than you are, you will +see better who is right and who is wrong. You'll be sorry you despised me, +a true, a prudent, an experienced friend; you will. Shake yourself, come +do. Why should you link your fortunes, in the morning of life, with +desperate men, only because your father, in his last feeble days, was +entrapped into doing so? I really will not believe that you are going to +throw away hope and life on so bad a bargain. Can't you speak a word? Here +you've let me speak, and won't say one syllable for yourself. I don't +think it kind of you." + +Thus adjured, Agellius began. "Well," he said, "it's a long history; you +see, we start, my dear uncle, from different points. How am I possibly to +join issue with you? I can only tell you my conclusion. Hope and life, you +say. Why, my only hope, my only life, my only joy, desire, consolation, +and treasure is that I am a Christian." + +"Hope and life!" interrupted Jucundus, "immortal gods! life and hope in +being a Christian! do I hear aright? Why, man, a prison brings despair, +not hope; and the sword brings death, not life. By Esculapius! life and +hope! you choke me, Agellius. Life and hope! you are beyond three +Anticyras. Life and hope! if you were old, if you were diseased, if you +were given over, and had but one puff of life left in you, then you might +be what you would, for me; but your hair is black, your cheek is round, +your limbs are strong, your voice is full; and you are going to make all +these a sacrifice to Hecate! has your good genius fed that plump frame, +ripened those goods looks, nerved your arm, bestowed that breadth of +chest, that strength of loins, that straightness of spine, that vigour of +step, only that you may feed the crows? or to be torn on the rack, +scorched in the flame, or hung on the gibbet? is this your gratitude to +nature? What has been your price? for what have you sold yourself? Speak, +man, speak. Are you dumb as well as dement? Are you dumb, I say, are you +dumb?" + +"O Jucundus," cried Agellius, irritated at his own inability to express +himself or hold an argument, "if you did but know what it was to have the +Truth! The Christian has found the Truth, the eternal Truth, in a world of +error. That is his bargain, that is his hire; can there be a greater? Can +I give up the Truth? But all this is Punic or Barbar to you." + +It certainly did pose Jucundus for half a minute, as if he was trying to +take in, not so much the sense, as the words of his nephew's speech. He +looked bewildered, and though he began to answer him at once, it took +several sentences to bring him into his usual flow of language. After one +or two exclamations, "The truth!" he cried, "_this_ is what I understand +you to say,--the truth. The _truth_ is your bargain; I think I'm right, the +truth; Hm; what is truth? What in heaven and earth do you mean by truth? +where did you get that cant? What oriental tomfoolery is bamboozling you? +The truth!" he cried, staring at him with eyes, half of triumph, half of +impatience, "the truth! Jove help the boy!--the truth! can truth pour me +out a cup of melilotus? can truth crown me with flowers? can it sing to +me? can it bring Glyceris to me? drop gold into my girdle? or cool my +brows when fever visits me? Can truth give me a handsome suburban with +some five hundred slaves, or raise me to the duumvirate? Let it do this, +and I will worship it; it shall be my god; it shall be more to me than +Fortune, Fate, Rome, or any other goddess on the list. But _I_ like to +see, and touch, and feel, and handle, and weigh, and measure what is +promised me. I wish to have a sample and an instalment. I am too old for +chaff. Eat, drink, and be merry, that's my philosophy, that's my religion; +and I know no better. To-day is ours, to-morrow is our children's." + +After a pause, he added, bitterly, "If truth could get Callista out of +prison, instead of getting her into it, I should have something to say to +truth." + +"Callista in prison!" cried Agellius with surprise and distress, "what do +you mean, Jucundus?" + +"Yes, it's a fact; Callista _is_ in prison," answered he, "and on +suspicion of Christianity." + +"Callista! Christianity!" said Agellius, bewildered, "do I hear aright? +She a Christian! oh, impossible, uncle! you don't mean to say that she is +in prison. Tell me, tell me, my dear, dear Jucundus, what this wonderful +news means." + +"You ought to know more about it than I," answered he, "if there is any +meaning in it. But if you want my opinion, here it is. I don't believe she +is more a Christian than I am; but I think she is over head and ears in +love with you, and she has some notion that she is paying you a +compliment, or interesting you in her, or sharing your fate--(_I_ can't +pretend to unravel the vagaries and tantarums of the female mind)--by +saying that she is what she is _not_. If not, perhaps she has done it out +of spite and contradiction. You can never answer for a woman." + +"Whom should she spite? whom contradict?" cried Agellius, thrown for the +moment off his balance. "O Callista! Callista in prison for Christianity! +Oh if it's true that she is a Christian! but what if she is not?" he added +with great terror, "what if she's not, and yet in prison, as if she were? +How are we to get her out, uncle? Impossible! no, she's not a +Christian--she is not at all. She ought not to be there! Yet how +wonderful!" + +"Well, I am sure of it, too," said Jucundus; "I'd stake the best image in +my shop that she's not a Christian; but what if she is perverse enough to +say she _is_? and such things are not uncommon. Then, I say, what in the +world is to be done? If she says she is, why she is. There you are; and +what can you do?" + +"You don't mean to say," exclaimed Agellius, "that that sweet delicate +child is in that horrible hole; impossible!" and he nearly shrieked at the +thought. "What is the meaning of it all? dear, dear uncle, do tell me +something more about it. Why did you not tell me before? What _can_ be +done?" + +Jucundus thought he now had him in his hand. "Why, it's plain," he +answered, "what can be _done_. She's no Christian, we both agree. It's +certain, too, that she chooses to say she is, or something like it. +There's just one person who has influence with her, to make her tell the +truth." + +"Ha!" cried Agellius, starting as if an asp had bitten him. + +Jucundus kept silence, and let the poison of the said asp work awhile in +his nephew's blood. + +Agellius put his hands before his eyes; and with his elbows on his knees, +began moving to and fro, as if in intense pain. + +"I repeat what I have said," Jucundus observed at length; "I do really +think that she imagines a certain young gentleman is likely to be in +trouble, and that she is determined to share the trouble with him." + +"But it isn't true," cried Agellius with great vehemence; "it's not +true.... If she really is not a Christian, O my dear Lord, surely they +won't put her to death as if she was?" + +"But if she has made up her mind to be in the same boat with you, and +_will_ be a Christian while you are a Christian, what on earth can we do, +Agellius?" asked Jucundus. "You have the whole matter in a nutshell." + +"She does not love me," cried Agellius; "no, she has given me no reason to +think so. I am sure she does not. She's nothing to me. That cannot be the +reason of her conduct. _I_ have no power over her; _I_ could not persuade +her. What, what _does_ all this mean? and I shut up here?" and he began +walking about the little room, as if such locomotion tended to bring him +out of it. + +"Well," answered Jucundus, "it is easy to ascertain. I suppose you _could_ +be let out to see her." + +But he was going on too fast; Agellius did not attend to him. "Poor, sweet +Callista," he exclaimed, "she's innocent, she's innocent; I mean she's not +a Christian. Ah!" he screamed out in great agony, as the whole state of +the case unrolled itself to his apprehension, "she will die though not a +Christian; she will die without faith, without love; she will die in her +sins. She will die, done to death by false report of accepting that, by +which alone she could be carried safely through death unto life. O my +Lord, spare me!" and he sank upon the ground in a collapse of misery. + +Jucundus was touched, and still more alarmed. "Come, come, my boy," he +said, "you will rouse the whole neighbourhood. Give over; be a man; all +will be right. If she's not a Christian (and she's not), she shall not die +a Christian's death; something will turn up. She's not in any hole at all, +but in a decent lodging. And you shall see her, and console her, and all +will be right." + +"Yes, I will see her," said Agellius, in a sort of musing manner; "she is +either a Christian, or she is not. If she is a Christian ..." and his +voice faltered; "but if she is not, she shall live till she is." + +"Well said!" answered Jucundus, "_till_ she is. She shall live _till_ she +is. Yes, I can get you to see her. You shall bring her out of prison; a +smile, a whisper from you, and all her fretfulness and ill-humour will +vanish, like a mist before the powerful burning sun. And we shall all be +as happy as the immortal gods." + +"O my uncle!" said Agellius, gravely. The language of Jucundus had shocked +him, and brought him to a better mind. He turned away from Jucundus, and +leant his face against the wall. Then he turned round again, and said, "If +she _is_ a Christian, I ought to rejoice, and I do rejoice; God be +praised. If she is not a Christian, I ought at once to make her one. If +she has already the penalty of a Christian, she is surely destined for the +privilege. And how should I go," he said, half speaking to himself, "how +should I go to tell her that she is not yet a Christian, and bid her swear +by Jupiter, because that is her god, in order that she may escape +imprisonment and death? Am I to do the part of a heathen priest or infidel +sophist? O Ccilius, how am I forgetting your lessons! No; I will go on no +such errand. Go, I will, if I may, Jucundus, but I will go on no +conditions of yours. I go on no promise to try to get her out of prison +anyhow, poor child. I will not go to make her sacrifice to a false god; I +go to persuade her to stay in prison, by deserving to stay. Perhaps I am +not the best person to go; but if I go, I go free. I go willing to die +myself for my Lord; glad to make her die for Him." + +Agellius said this in so determined a way, so calmly, with such a grasp of +the existing posture of affairs, and of the whole circumstances of the +case, that it was now Jucundus's turn to feel surprise and annoyance. For +a time he did not take in what Agellius meant, nor could he to the last +follow his train of feeling. When he saw what may be called the upshot of +the matter, he became very angry, and spoke with great violence. By +degrees he calmed; and then the strong feeling came on him again that it +was impossible, if a meeting took place between the two, that it could end +in any way but one. He defied any two young people who loved each other, +to come to any but one conclusion. Agellius's mood was too excited, too +tragic to last. The sight of Callista in that dreadful prison, perhaps in +chains, waiting, in order to be free, for ability to say the words, "I am +not a Christian;" and that ability waiting for the same words from +himself, would bring the affair to a very speedy issue. As if he could +love a fancy better than he loved Callista! Agellius, too, had already +expressed a misgiving himself on that head; so far they were agreed. And, +to tell the truth, it was a very difficult transaction for a young man; +and giving our poor Agellius all credit for pure intention and firm +resolve, we really should have been very sorry to see him involved in a +trial, which would have demanded of him a most heroic faith and the +detachment of a saint. We, therefore, are not sorry that in matter of fact +he gained the merit of so virtuous a determination, without being called +on to execute it. For it so happened, that a most unexpected event +occurred to him not many hours afterwards, which will oblige us to take up +here rather abruptly the history of one of our other personages. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXIII. + + + GURTA. + + +In the bosom of the woods which stretched for many miles from the +immediate environs of Sicca, and placed on a gravel slope reaching down to +a brook, which ran in a bottom close by, was a small, rude hut, of a kind +peculiar to Africa, and commonly ascribed to the wandering tribes, who +neither cared, nor had leisure for a more stable habitation. Some might +have called it a tent, from the goat's-hair cloth with which it was +covered; but it looked, as to shape, like nothing else than an inverted +boat, or the roof of a house set upon the ground. Inside it was seen to be +constructed of the branches of trees, twisted together or wattled, the +interstices, or rather the whole surface, being covered with clay. Being +thus stoutly built, lined, and covered, it was proof against the +tremendous rains, to which the climate, for which it was made, was +subject. Along the centre ridge or backbone, which varied in height from +six to ten feet from the ground, it was supported by three posts or +pillars; at one end it rose conically to an open aperture, which served +for chimney, for sky-light, and for ventilator. Hooks were suspended from +the roof for baskets, articles of clothing, weapons, and implements of +various kinds; and a second cone, excavated in the ground with the vertex +downward, served as a storehouse for grain. The door was so low, that an +ordinary person must bend double to pass through it. + +However, it was in the winter months only, when the rains were profuse, +that the owner of this respectable mansion condescended to creep into it. +In summer she had a drawing-room, as it may be called, of nature's own +creation, in which she lived, and in one quarter of which she had her +lair. Close above the hut was a high plot of level turf, surrounded by old +oaks, and fringed beneath with thick underwood. In the centre of this +green rose a yew-tree of primeval character. Indeed, the whole forest +spoke of the very beginnings of the world, as if it had been the immediate +creation of that Voice which bade the earth clothe itself with green life. +But the place no longer spoke exclusively of its Maker. Upon the trees +hung the emblems and objects of idolatry, and the turf was traced with +magical characters. Littered about were human bones, horns of wild +animals, wax figures, spermaceti taken from vaults, large nails, to which +portions of flesh adhered, as if they had had to do with malefactors, +metal plates engraved with strange characters, bottled blood, hair of +young persons, and old rags. The reader must not suppose any incantation +is about to follow, or that the place we are describing will have a +prominent place in what remains of our tale; but even if it be the scene +of only one conversation, and one event, there is no harm in describing +it, as it appeared on that occasion. + +The old crone, who was seated in this bower of delight, had an expression +of countenance in keeping, not with the place, but with the furniture with +which it was adorned; that furniture told her trade. Whether the root of +superstition might be traced deeper still, and the woman and her traps +were really and directly connected with the powers beneath the earth, it +is impossible to determine; it is certain she had the will, it is certain +that that will was from their inspiration; nay, it is certain that she +thought she really possessed the communications which she desired; it is +certain, too, she so far deceived herself as to fancy that what she +learned by mere natural means came to her from a diabolical source. She +kept up an active correspondence with Sicca. She was consulted by numbers; +she was up with the public news, the social gossip, and the private and +secret transactions of the hour; and had, before now, even interfered in +matters of state, and had been courted by rival political parties. But in +the high cares and occupations of this interesting person, we are not here +concerned; but with a conversation which took place between her and Juba, +about the same hour of the evening as that of Ccilius's escape, but on +the day after it, while the sun was gleaming almost horizontally through +the tall trunks of the trees of the forest. + +"Well, my precious boy," said the old woman, "the choicest gifts of great +Cham be your portion! You had excellent sport yesterday, I'll warrant. The +rats squeaked, eh? and you beat the life out of them. That scoundrel +sacristan, I suppose, has taken up his quarters below." + +"You may say it," answered Juba. "The reptile! he turned right about, and +would have made himself an honest fellow, when it couldn't be helped." + +"Good, good!" returned Gurta, as if she had got something very pleasant in +her mouth; "ah! that is good! but he did not escape on that score, I do +trust." + +"They pulled him to pieces all the more cheerfully," said Juba. + +"Pulled him to pieces, limb by limb, joint by joint, eh?" answered Gurta. +"Did they skin him?--did they do anything to his eyes, or his tongue? +Anyhow, it was too quickly, Juba. Slowly, leisurely, gradually. Yes, it's +like a glutton to be quick about it. Taste him, handle him, play with +him,--that's luxury! but to bolt him,--faugh!" + +"Cso's slave made a good end," said Juba: "he stood up for his views, and +died like a man." + +"The gods smite him! but he has gone up--up:" and she laughed. "Up to what +they call bliss and glory;--such glory! but he's out of our domain, you +know. But he did not die easy?" + +"The boys worried him a good deal," answered Juba: "but it's not quite in +my line, mother, all this. I think you drink a pint of blood morning and +evening, and thrive on it, old woman. It makes you merry; but it's too +much for my stomach." + +"Ha, ha, my boy!" cried Gurta; "you'll improve in time, though you make +wry faces, now that you're young. Well, and have you brought me any news +from the capitol? Is any one getting a rise in the world, or a downfall? +How blows the wind? Are there changes in the camp? This Decius, I suspect, +will not last long." + +"They all seem desperately frightened," said Juba, "lest they should not +smite your friends hard enough, Gurta. Root and branch is the word. +They'll have to make a few Christians for the occasion, in order to kill +them: and I almost think they're about it," he added, thoughtfully. "They +have to show that they are not surpassed by the rabble. 'Tis a pity +Christians are so few, isn't it, mother?" + +"Yes, yes," she said, "but we must crush them, grind them, many or few: +and we shall, we shall! Callista's to come." + +"I don't see they are worse than other people," said Juba; "not at all, +except that they are commonly sneaks. If Callista turns, why should not I +turn too, mother, to keep her company, and keep your hand in?" + +"No, no, my boy," returned the witch, "you must serve _my_ master. You are +having your fling just now, but you will buckle to in good time. You must +one day take some work with my merry men. Come here, child," said the fond +mother, "and let me kiss you." + +"Keep your kisses for your monkeys and goats and cats," answered Juba; +"they're not to my taste, old dame. Master! my master! I won't have a +master! I'll be nobody's servant. I'll never stand to be hired, nor cringe +to a bully, nor quake before a rod. Please yourself, Gurta; I am a free +man. You're my mother by courtesy only." + +Gurta looked at him savagely. "Why, you're not going to be pious and +virtuous, Juba? A choice saint you'll make! You shall be drawn for a +picture." + +"Why shouldn't I, if I choose?" said Juba. "If I must take service, willy +nilly, I'd any day prefer the other's to that of your friend. I've not +left the master to take the man." + +"Blaspheme not the great gods," she answered, "or they'll do you a +mischief yet." + +"I say again," insisted Juba, "if I must lick the earth, it shall not be +where your friend has trod. It shall be in my brother's fashion, rather +than in yours, Gurta." + +"Agellius!" she shrieked out with such disgust, that it is wonderful she +uttered the name at all. "Ah! you have not told me about him, boy. Well, +is he safe in the pit, or in the stomach of an hyena?" + +"He's alive," said Juba; "but he has not got it in him to be a Christian. +Yes, he's safe with his uncle." + +"Ah! Jucundus must ruin him, debauch him, and then we must make away with +him. We must not be in a hurry," said Gurta, "it must be body and soul." + +"No one shall touch him, craven as he is," answered Juba. "I despise him, +but let him alone." + +"Don't come across me," said Gurta, sullenly; "I'll have my way. Why, you +know I could smite you to the dust, as well as him, if I chose." + +"But you have not asked me about Callista," answered Juba. "It is really a +capital joke, but she has got into prison for certain, for being a +Christian. Fancy it! they caught her in the streets, and put her in the +guard-house, and have had her up for examination. You see they want a +Christian for the nonce: it would not do to have none such in prison; so +they will flourish with her till Decius bolts from the scene." + +"The Furies have her!" cried Gurta: "she _is_ a Christian, my boy: I told +you so, long ago!" + +"Callista a Christian!" answered Juba, "ha! ha! She and Agellius are going +to make a match of it, of some sort or other. They're thinking of other +things than paradise." + +"She and the old priest, more likely, more likely," said Gurta. "He's in +prison with her--in the pit, as I trust." + +"Your master has cheated you for once, old woman," said Juba. + +Gurta looked at him fiercely, and seemed waiting for his explanation. He +began singing,-- + + "She wheedled and coaxed, but he was no fool; + He'd be his own master, he'd not be her tool; + Not the little black moor should send him to school. + + "She foamed and she cursed--'twas the same thing to him; + She laid well her trap; but he carried his whim;-- + The priest scuffled off, safe in life and in limb." + +Gurta was almost suffocated with passion. "Cyprianus has not escaped, +boy?" she asked at length. + +"I got him off," said Juba, undauntedly. + +A shade, as of Erebus, passed over the witch's face; but she remained +quite silent. + +"Mother, I am my own master," he continued, "I must break your assumption +of superiority. I'm not a boy, though you call me so. I'll have my own +way. Yes, I saved Cyprianus. You're a bloodthirsty old hag! Yes, _I've_ +seen your secret doings. Did not I catch you the other day, practising on +that little child? You had nailed him up by hands and feet against the +tree, and were cutting him to pieces at your leisure, as he quivered and +shrieked the while. You were examining or using his liver for some of your +black purposes. It's not in my line; but you gloated over it; and when he +wailed, you wailed in mimicry. You were panting with pleasure." + +Gurta was still silent, and had an expression on her face, awful from the +intensity of its malignity. She had uttered a low piercing whistle. + +"Yes!" continued Juba, "you revelled in it. You chattered to the poor babe +when it screamed, as a nurse to an infant. You called it pretty names, and +squeaked out your satisfaction each time you stuck it. You old hag! I'm +not of your breed, though they call us of kin. _I_ don't fear you," he +said, observing the expression of her countenance, "I don't fear the +immortal devil!" And he continued his song-- + + "She beckoned the moon, and the moon came down; + The green earth shrivelled beneath her frown; + But a man's strong will can keep his own." + +While he was talking and singing, her call had been answered from the hut. +An animal of some wonderful species had crept out of it, and proceeded to +creep and crawl, moeing and twisting as it went, along the trees and +shrubs which rounded the grass plot. When it came up to the old woman, it +crouched at her feet, and then rose up upon its hind legs and begged. She +took hold of the uncouth beast and began to fondle it in her arms, +muttering something in its ear. At length, when Juba stopped for a moment +in his song, she suddenly flung it right at him, with great force, saying, +"Take that!" She then gave utterance to a low inward laugh, and leaned +herself back against the trunk of the tree upon which she was sitting, +with her knees drawn up almost to her chin. + +The blow seemed to act on Juba as a shock on his nervous system, both from +its violence and its strangeness. He stood still for a moment, and then, +without saying a word, he turned away, and walked slowly down the hill, as +if in a maze. Then he sat down.... + +In an instant up he started again with a great cry, and began running at +the top of his speed. He thought he heard a voice speaking in him; and, +however fast he ran, the voice, or whatever it was, kept up with him. He +rushed through the underwood, trampling and crushing it under his feet, +and scaring the birds and small game which lodged there. At last, +exhausted, he stood still for breath, when he heard it say loudly and +deeply, as if speaking with his own organs, "You cannot escape from +yourself!" Then a terror seized him; he fell down and fainted away. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXIV. + + + A MOTHER'S BLESSING. + + +When his senses returned, his first impression was of something in him not +himself. He felt it in his breathing; he tasted it in his mouth. The brook +which ran by Gurta's encampment had by this time become a streamlet, +though still shallow. He plunged into it; a feeling came upon him as if he +ought to drown himself, had it been deeper. He rolled about in it, in +spite of its flinty and rocky bed. When he came out of it, his tunic +sticking to him, he tore it off his shoulders, and let it hang round his +girdle in shreds, as it might. The shock of the water, however, acted as a +sedative upon him, and the coolness of the night refreshed him. He walked +on for a while in silence. + +Suddenly the power within him began uttering, by means of his organs of +speech, the most fearful blasphemies, words embodying conceptions which, +had they come into his mind, he might indeed have borne with patience +before this, or uttered in bravado, but which now filled him with +inexpressible loathing, and a terror to which he had hitherto been quite a +stranger. He had always in his heart believed in a God, but he now +believed with a reality and intensity utterly new to him. He felt it as if +he saw Him; he felt there was a world of good and evil beings. He did not +love the good, or hate the evil; but he shrank from the one, and he was +terrified at the other; and he felt himself carried away, against his +will, as the prey of some dreadful, mysterious power, which tyrannised +over him. + +The day had closed--the moon had risen. He plunged into the thickest wood, +and the trees seemed to him to make way for him. Still they seemed to moan +and to creak as they moved out of their place. Soon he began to see that +they were looking at him, and exulting over his misery. They, of an +inferior nature, had had no gift which they could abuse and lose; and they +remained in that honour and perfection in which they were created. Birds +of the night flew out of them, reptiles slunk away; yet soon he began to +be surrounded, wherever he went, by a circle of owls, bats, ravens, crows, +snakes, wild cats, and apes, which were always looking at him, but somehow +made way, retreating before him, and yet forming again, and in order, as +he marched along. + +He had passed through the wing of the forest which he had entered, and +penetrated into the more mountainous country. He ascended the heights; he +was a taller, stronger man than he had been; he went forward with a +preternatural vigour, and flourished his arms with the excitement of some +vinous or gaseous intoxication. He heard the roar of the wild beasts +echoed along the woody ravines which were cut into the solid mountain +rock, with a reckless feeling, as if he could cope with them. As he passed +the dens of the lion, leopard, hyena, jackal, wild boar, and wolf, there +he saw them sitting at the entrance, or stopping suddenly as they prowled +along, and eyeing him, but not daring to approach. He strode along from +rock to rock, and over precipices, with the certainty and ease of some +giant in Eastern fable. Suddenly a beast of prey came across him; in a +moment he had torn up by the roots the stump of a wild vine plant, which +was near him; had thrown himself upon his foe before it could act on the +aggressive, had flung it upon its back, forced the weapon into its mouth, +and was stamping on its chest. He knocked the life out of the furious +animal; and crying "Take that," tore its flesh, and, applying his mouth to +the wound, sucked a draught of its blood. + +He has passed over the mountain, and has descended its side. Bristling +shrubs, swamps, precipitous banks, rushing torrents, are no obstacle to +his course. He has reached the brow of a hill, with a deep placid river at +the foot of it, just as the dawn begins to break. It is a lovely prospect, +which every step he takes is becoming more definite and more various in +the daylight. Masses of oleander, of great beauty, with their red +blossoms, fringed the river, and tracked out its course into the distance. +The bank of the hill below him, and on the right and left, was a maze of +fruit-trees, about which nature, if it were not the hand of man, had had +no thought except that they should be all together there. The wild olive, +the pomegranate, the citron, the date, the mulberry, the peach, the apple, +and the walnut, formed a sort of spontaneous orchard. Across the water, +groves of palm-trees waved their long and graceful branches in the morning +breeze. The stately and solemn ilex, marshalled into long avenues, showed +the way to substantial granges or luxurious villas. The green turf or +grass was spread out beneath, and here and there flocks and herds were +emerging out of the twilight, and growing distinct upon the eye. Elsewhere +the ground rose up into sudden eminences crowned with chesnut woods, or +with plantations of cedar and acacia, or wildernesses of the cork-tree, +the turpentine, the carooba, the white poplar, and the Phenician juniper, +while overhead ascended the clinging tendrils of the hop, and an underwood +of myrtle clothed their stems and roots. A profusion of wild flowers +carpeted the ground far and near. + +Juba stood and gazed till the sun rose opposite to him, envying, repining, +hating, like Satan looking in upon Paradise. The wild mountains, or the +locust-smitten track would have better suited the tumult of his mind. It +would have been a relief to him to have retreated from so fair a scene, +and to have retraced his steps, but he was not his own master, and was +hurried on. Sorely against his determined strong resolve and will, crying +out and protesting and shuddering, the youth was forced along into the +fulness of beauty and blessing with which he was so little in tune. With +rage and terror he recognised that he had no part in his own movements, +but was a mere slave. In spite of himself he must go forward and behold a +peace and sweetness which witnessed against him. He dashed down through +the thick grass, plunged into the water, and without rest or respite began +a second course of aimless toil and travail through the day. + +The savage dogs of the villages howled and fled from him as he passed by; +beasts of burden, on their way to market, which he overtook or met, stood +still, foamed and trembled; the bright birds, the blue jay and golden +oriole, hid themselves under the leaves and grass; the storks, a religious +and domestic bird, stopped their sharp clattering note from the high tree +or farmhouse turret, where they had placed their nests; the very reptiles +skulked away from his shadow, as if it were poisonous. The boors who were +at their labour in the fields suspended it, to look at one whom the Furies +were lashing and whirling on. Hour passed after hour, the sun attained its +zenith, and then declined, but this dreadful compulsory race continued. +Oh, what would he have given for one five minutes of oblivion, of slumber, +of relief from the burning thirst which now consumed him! but the master +within him ruled his muscles and his joints, and the intense pain of +weariness had no concomitant prostration of strength. Suddenly he began to +laugh hideously; and he went forward dancing and singing loud, and playing +antics. He entered a hovel, made faces at the children, till one of them +fell into convulsions, and he ran away with another; and when some country +people pursued him, he flung the child in their faces, saying, "Take +that," and said he was Pentheus, king of Thebes, of whom he had never +heard, about to solemnise the orgies of Bacchus, and he began to spout a +chorus of Greek, a language he had never learnt or heard spoken. + +Now it is evening again, and he has come up to a village grove, where the +rustics were holding a feast in honour of Pan. The hideous brutal god, +with yawning mouth, horned head, and goat's feet, was placed in a rude +shed, and a slaughtered lamb, decked with flowers, lay at his feet. The +peasants were frisking before him, boys and women, when they were startled +by the sight of a gaunt, wild, mysterious figure, which began to dance +too. He flung and capered about with such vigour that they ceased their +sport to look on, half with awe and half as a diversion. Suddenly he began +to groan and to shriek, as if contending with himself, and willing and not +willing some new act; and the struggle ended in his falling on his hands +and knees, and crawling like a quadruped towards the idol. When he got +near, his attitude was still more servile; still groaning and shuddering, +he laid himself flat on the ground, and wriggled to the idol as a worm, +and lapped up with his tongue the mingled blood and dust which lay about +the sacrifice. And then again, as if nature had successfully asserted her +own dignity, he jumped up high in the air, and, falling on the god, broke +him to pieces, and scampered away out of pursuit, before the lookers-on +recovered from their surprise. + +Another restless, fearful night amid the open country; ... but it seemed +as if the worst had passed, and, though still under the heavy chastisement +of his pride, there was now more in Juba of human action and of effectual +will. The day broke, and he found himself on the road to Sicca. The +beautiful outline of the city was right before him. He passed his +brother's cottage and garden; it was a wreck. The trees torn up, the +fences broken down, and the room pillaged of the little that could be +found there. He went on to the city, crying out "Agellius;" the gate was +open, and he entered. He went on to the Forum; he crossed to the house of +Jucundus; few people as yet were stirring in the place. He looked up at +the wall. Suddenly, by the help of projections, and other irregularities +of the brickwork, he mounted up upon the flat roof, and dropped down along +the tiles, through the _impluvium_ into the middle of the house. He went +softly into Agellius's closet, where he was asleep, he roused him with the +name of Callista, threw his tunic upon him, which was by his side, put his +boots into his hands, and silently beckoned him to follow him. When he +hesitated, he still whispered to him "Callista," and at length seized him +and led him on. He unbarred the street door, and with a movement of his +arm, more like a blow than a farewell, thrust him into the street. Then he +barred again the door upon him, and lay down himself upon the bed which +Agellius had left. His good Angel, we may suppose, had gained a point in +his favour, for he lay quiet, and fell into a heavy sleep. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXV. + + + CALLISTA IN DURANCE. + + +We will hope that the reader, as well as Agellius, is attracted by the +word Callista, and wishes to know something about her fate; nay, perhaps +finds fault with us as having suffered him so long to content himself with +the chance and second-hand information which Jucundus or Juba has +supplied. If we have been wanting in due consideration for him, we now +trust to make up for it. + +When Callista, then, had so boldly left the cottage to stop the intruders, +she had in one important point reckoned without her host. She spoke Latin +fluently, herself, and could converse with the townspeople, most of whom +could do the same; but it was otherwise with the inhabitants of the +country, numbers of whom, as we have said, were in Sicca on the day of the +outbreak. The two fellows, whom she went out to withstand, knew neither +her nor the Latin tongue. They were of a race which called itself +Canaanite, and really was so; huge, gigantic men, who looked like the sons +of Enac, described in Holy Writ. They knew nothing of roads or fences, and +had scrambled up the hill as they could, the shortest way, and, being free +from the crowd, with far more expedition than had they followed the beaten +track. She and they could not understand each other's speech; but her +appearance spoke for her, and, in consequence, they seized on her as their +share of the booty, and without more ado, carried her off towards Sicca. +As they came up by a route of their own, so they returned, and entered the +city by a gate more to the south, not the Septimian; a happy circumstance, +as otherwise she would have stood every chance of being destroyed in that +wholesale massacre which the soldiery inflicted on the crowd as it +returned. + +These giants, then, got possession of Callista, and she entered Sicca upon +the shoulder of one of them, who danced in with no greater inconvenience +than if he was carrying on it a basket of flowers, or a box of millinery. +Here the party met with the city police, who were stationed at the gate. + +"Down with your live luggage, you rascals," they said, in their harsh +Punic; "what have you to do with plunder of this kind? and how came you by +her?" + +"She's one of those Christian rats, your worship," answered the fellow, +who, strong as he was, did not relish a contest with some dozen of armed +men. "Long live the Emperor! We'll teach her to eat asses' heads another +time, and brew fevers. I found her with a party of Christians. She's +nothing but a witch, and she knows the consequences." + +"Let her go, you drunken animal!" said the constable, still keeping his +distance. "I'll never believe any woman is a Christian, let alone so young +a one. And now I look at her, so far as I can see by this light, I think +she's priestess of one of the great temples up there." + +"She can turn herself into anything," said the other of her capturers, +"young or old. I saw her one night near Madaura, a month ago, in the tombs +in the shape of a black cat." + +"Away with you both, in the name of the Suffetes of Sicca and all the +magistracy!" cried the official. "Give up your prisoner to the authorities +of the place, and let the law take its course." + +But the Canaanites did not seem disposed to give her up, and neither party +liking to attack the other, a compromise took place. "Well," said the +guardian of the night, "the law must be vindicated, and the peace +preserved. My friends, you must submit to the magistrates. But since she +happens to be on your shoulder, my man, let her even remain there, and we +depute you, as a beast of burden, to carry her for us, thereby to save us +the trouble. Here, child," he continued, "you're our prisoner; so you +shall plead your own cause in the _popina_ there. Long live Decius, pious +and fortunate! Long live this ancient city, colony and municipium! Cheer +up, my lass, and sing us a stave or two, as we go; for I'll pledge a +_cyathus_ of unmixed, that, if you choose, you can warble notes as sweet +as the manna gum." + +Callista was silent, but she was perfectly collected, and ready to avail +herself of any opportunity to better her condition. They went on towards +the Forum, where a police-office, as we now speak, was situated, but did +not reach it without an adventure. The Roman military force at Sicca was +not more than a century of men; the greater number were at this moment at +the great gate, waiting for the mob; a few, in parties of three and four, +were patrolling the city. Several of these were at the entrance of the +Forum when the party came up to it; and it happened that a superior +officer, who was an assistant to what may be called the military resident +of the place, a young man, on whom much of the duty of the day had +devolved, was with the soldiers. She had known him as a friend of her +brother's, and recognised him in the gloom, and at once took advantage of +the meeting. + +"Help," she said, "gentlemen! help, Calphurnius! these rascals are +carrying me off to some den of their own." + +The tribune at once knew her voice. "What!" he cried, with great +astonishment, "what, my pretty Greek! You most base, infamous, and +unmannerly scoundrels, down with her this instant! What have you to do +with that young lady? You villains, unless you would have me crack your +African skulls with the hilt of my sword, down with her, I say!" + +There was no resisting a Roman voice, but prompt obedience is a rarity, +and the ruffians began to parley. "My noble master," said the constable, +"she's our prisoner. Jove preserve you, and Bacchus and Ceres bless you, +my lord tribune! and long life to the Emperor Decius in these bad times. +But she is a rioter, my lord, one of the ringleaders, and a Christian and +a witch to boot." + +"Cease your vile gutturals, you animal!" cried the officer, "or I will ram +them down your throat with my pike to digest them. Put down the lady, +beast. Are you thinking twice about it? Go, Lucius," he said to a private, +"kick him away, and bring the woman here." + +Callista was surrendered, but the fellow, sullen at the usage he had met +with, and spiteful against Calphurnius, as the cause of it, cried out +maliciously, "Mind what you are at, noble sir, it's not our affair; you +can fry your own garlic. But an Emperor is an Emperor, and an Edict is an +Edict, and a Christian is a Christian; and I don't know what high places +will say to it, but it's your affair. Take notice," he continued, as he +got to a safer distance, raising his voice still higher, that the soldiers +might hear, "yon girl is a Christian priestess, caught in a Christian +assembly, sacrificing asses and eating children for the overthrow of the +Emperor, and the ruin of his loyal city of Sicca, and I have been +interrupted in the discharge of my duty--I, a constable of the place. See +whether Calphurnius will not bring again upon us the plague, the murrain, +the locusts, and all manner of _larv_ and _mani_ before the end of the +story." + +This speech perplexed Calphurnius, as it was intended. It was impossible +he could dispose of Callista as he wished, with such a charge formally +uttered in the presence of his men. He knew how serious the question of +Christianity was at that moment, and how determined the Imperial +Government was on the eradication of its professors; he was a good +soldier, devoted to head-quarters, and had no wish to compromise himself +with his superiors, or to give bystanders an advantage over him, by +setting a prisoner at liberty without inquiry, who had been taken in a +Christian's house. He muttered an oath, and said to the soldiers, "Well, +my lads, to the Triumviri with her, since it must be so. Cheer up, my star +of the morning, bright beam of Hellas, it is only as a matter of form, and +you will be set at liberty as soon as they look on you." And with these +words he led the way to the _Officium_. + +But the presiding genius of the _Officium_ was less accommodating than he +had anticipated. It might be that he was jealous of the soldiery, or of +their particular interference, or indignant at the butchery at the great +gate, of which the news had just come, or out of humour with the day's +work, and especially with the Christians; at any rate, Calphurnius found +he had better have taken a bolder step, and have carried her as a prisoner +to the camp. However, nothing was now left for him but to depart; and +Callista fell again into the hands of the city, though of the superior +functionaries, who procured her a lodging for the night, and settled to +bring her up for examination next morning. + +The morning came, and she was had up. What passed did not transpire; but +the issue was that she was remanded for a further hearing, and was told +she might send to her brother, and acquaint him where she was. He was +allowed one interview with her, and he came away almost out of his senses, +saying she was bewitched, and fancied herself a Christian. What precisely +she had said to him, which gave this impression, he could hardly say; but +it was plain there must be something wrong, or there would not be that +public process and formal examination which was fixed for the third day +afterwards. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXVI. + + + WHAT CAN IT ALL MEAN? + + +Were the origin of Juba's madness (or whatever the world would call it) of +a character which admitted of light writing about it, much might be said +on the surprise of the clear-headed, narrow-minded, positive, and +easy-going Jucundus, when he found one nephew substituted for another, and +had to give over his wonder at Agellius, in order to commence a series of +acts of amazement and consternation at Juba. He summoned Jupiter and Juno, +Bacchus, Ceres, Pomona, Neptune, Mercury, Minerva, and great Rome, to +witness the marvellous occurrence; and then he had recourse to the +infernal gods, Pluto and Proserpine, down to Cerberus, if he be one of +them; but, after all, there the portent was, in spite of all the deities +which Olympus, or Arcadia, or Latium ever bred; and at length it had a +nervous effect upon the old gentleman's system, and, for the first evening +after it, he put all his good things from him, and went to bed supperless +and songless. What had been Juba's motive in the exploit which so +unpleasantly affected his uncle, it is of course quite impossible to say. +Whether his mention of Callista's name was intended to be for the benefit +of her soul, or the ruin of Agellius's, must be left in the obscurity in +which the above narrative presents it to us; so far alone is certain, +though it does not seem to throw light on the question, that, on his +leaving his uncle's house in the course of the forenoon, which he did, +without being pressed to stay, he was discovered prancing and +gesticulating in the neighbourhood of Callista's prison, so as to excite +the attention of the _apparitor_, or constable, who guarded the entrance, +and who, alarmed at his wildness, sent for some of his fellows, and, with +their assistance, repelled the intruder, who, thereupon, scudding out at +the eastern gate, was soon lost in the passes of the mountain. + +To one thing, however, we may pledge ourselves, that Juba had no intention +of shaking, even for one evening, the nerves of Jucundus; yet shaken they +were till about the same time twenty-four hours afterwards. And when in +that depressed state, he saw nothing but misery on all sides of him. Juba +was lost; Agellius worse. Of course, he had joined himself to his sect, +and he should never see him again; and how should he ever hold up his +head? Well, he only hoped Agellius would not be boiled in a caldron, or +roasted at a slow fire. If this were done, he positively must leave Sicca, +and the most thriving trade which any man had in the whole of the +Proconsulate. And then that little Callista! Ah!--what a real calamity was +there! Anyhow he had lost her, and what should he do for a finisher of his +fine work in marble, or metal? She was a treasure in herself. Altogether +the heavens were very dark; and it was scarcely possible for any one who +knew well his jovial cast of countenance, to keep from laughing, whatever +his real sympathy, at the unusual length and blankness which were suddenly +imposed upon it. + +While he sat thus at his shop window, which, as it were, framed him for +the contemplation of passers-by, on the day of the escape of Agellius, and +the day before Callista's public examination, Aristo rushed in upon him in +a state of far more passionate and more reasonable grief. He had called, +indeed, the day before, but he found a pleasure in expending his distress +upon others, and he came again to get rid of its insupportable weight by +discharging it in a torrent of tears and exclamations. However, at first +the words of both "moved slow," as the poet says, and went off in a sort +of dropping fire. + +"Well," said Jucundus, in a depressed tone; "he's not come to _you_, of +course?" + +"Who?" + +"Agellius." + +"Oh! Agellius! No, he's not with me." Then, after a pause, Aristo added, +"Why should he be?" + +"Oh, I don't know. I thought he might be. He's been gone since early +morning." + +"Indeed! No, I don't know where he is. How came he with you?" + +"I told you yesterday; but you have forgotten. I was sheltering him; but +he's gone for ever." + +"Indeed!" + +"And his brother's mad!--horribly mad!" and he slapped his hand against his +thigh. + +"I always thought it," answered Aristo. + +"Did you? Yes, so it is; but it's very different from what it ever was. +The furies have got hold of him with a vengeance! He's frantic! Oh, if you +had seen him! Two boys, both mad! It's all the father!" + +"I thought you'd like to hear something about dear, sweet Callista," said +her brother. + +"Yes, I should indeed!" answered Jucundus. "By Esculapius! they're all mad +together!" + +"Well, it is like madness!" cried Aristo, with great vehemence. + +"The world's going mad!" answered Jucundus, who was picking up, since he +began to talk, an exercise which was decidedly good for him. "We are _all_ +going mad! _I_ shall get crazed. The townspeople are crazed already. What +an abominable, brutal piece of business was that three days ago! I put up +my shutters. Did it come near you?--all on account of one or two beggarly +Christians, and my poor boy. What harm could two or three, toads and +vipers though they be, do here? They might have been trodden down easily. +It's another thing at Carthage. Catch the ringleaders, I say; make +examples. The foxes escape, and our poor ganders suffer!" + +Aristo, pierced with his own misery, had no heart or head to enter into +the semi-political ideas of Jucundus, who continued,-- + +"Yes, it's no good. The empire's coming to pieces, mark my words! I told +you so, if those beasts were let alone. They _have_ been let alone. +Remedies are too late. Decius will do no good. No one's safe! Farewell, my +friends! I am going. Like poor dear Callista, I shall be in prison, and, +like her, find myself dumb!... Ah! yes, Callista; how did you find her?" + +"O dear, sweet, suffering girl!" cried her brother. + +"Yes, indeed!" answered Jucundus; "yes!" meditatively. "She _is_ a dear, +sweet, suffering girl! I thought he might perhaps have taken her off--that +was my hope. He was so set upon hearing where she was, whether she could +be got out. It struck me he had made the best of his way to _her_. She +could do anything with him. And she loved him, she did!--I'm convinced of +it!--nothing shall convince me otherwise! 'Bring them together,' I said, +'and they will rush into each other's arms.' But they're bewitched!--The +whole world's bewitched! Mark my words,--I have an idea who is at the +bottom of this." + +"Oh!" groaned out Aristo; "I care not for top or bottom!--I care not for +the whole world, or for anything at all but Callista! If you could have +seen the dear, patient sufferer!" and the poor fellow burst into a flood +of tears. + +"Bear up! bear up!" said Jucundus, who by this time was considerably +better; "show yourself a man, my dear Aristo. These things must be;--they +are the lot of human nature. You remember what the tragedian says: stay! +no!--it's the comedian,--it's Menander"---- + +"To Orcus and Erebus with all the tragedy and comedy that ever was +spouted!" exclaimed Aristo. "Can you do nothing for me? Can't you give me +a crumb of consolation or sympathy, encouragement or suggestion? I am a +stranger in the country, and so is this dear sister of mine, whom I was so +proud of; and who has been so good, and kind, and gentle, and sweet. She +loved me so much, she never grudged me anything; she let me do just what I +would with her. Come here, go there,--it was just as I would. There we +were, two orphans together, ten years since, when I was double her age. +She wished to stay in Greece; but she came to this detestable Africa all +for me. She would be gay and bright when I would have her so. She had no +will of her own; and she set her heart upon nothing, and was pleased +anywhere. She had not an enemy in the world. I protest she is worth all +the gods and goddesses that ever were hatched! And here, in this +ill-omened Africa, the evil eye has looked at her, and she thinks herself +a Christian, when she is just as much a hippogriff, or a chimra." + +"Well, but, Aristo," said Jucundus, "I was going to tell you who is at the +bottom of it all. Callista's mad; Agellius is mad; Juba is mad; and Strabo +was mad;--but it was his wife, old Gurta, that drove him mad;--and there, I +think, is the beginning of our troubles.----Come in! come in, Cornelius!" he +cried, seeing his Roman friend outside, and relapsing for the moment into +his lugubrious tone; "Come in, Cornelius, and give us some comfort, if you +can. Well, this is like a friend! I know if you can help me, you will." + +Cornelius answered that he was going back to Carthage in a day or two, and +came to embrace him, and had hoped to have a parting supper before he +went. + +"That's kind!" answered Jucundus: "but first tell me all about this +dreadful affair; for you are in the secrets of the Capitol. Have they any +clue what has become of my poor Agellius?" + +Cornelius had not heard of the young man's troubles, and was full of +consternation at the news. + +"What! Agellius really a Christian?" he said, "and at such a moment? Why, +I thought you talked of some young lady who was to keep him in order?" + +"She's a Christian too," replied Jucundus; and a silence ensued. "It's a +bad world!" he continued. "She's imprisoned by the Triumviri. What will be +the end of it?" + +Cornelius shook his head, and looked mysterious. + +"You don't mean it?" said Jucundus. "Not anything so dreadful, I do trust, +Cornelius. Not the stake?" + +Cornelius still looked gloomy and pompous. + +"Nothing in the way of torture?" he went on; "not the rack, or the +pitchfork?" + +"It's a bad business, on your own showing," said Cornelius: "it's a bad +business!" + +"Can you do nothing for us, Cornelius?" cried Aristo. "The great people in +Carthage are your friends. O Cornelius! I'd do anything for you!--I'd be +your slave! She's no more a Christian than great Jove. She has nothing +about her of the cut;--not a shred of her garment, or a turn of her hair. +She's a Greek from head to foot--within and without. She's as bright as the +day! Ah! we have no friends here. Dear Callista! you will be lost because +you are a foreigner!" and the passionate youth began to tear his hair. "O +Cornelius!" he continued, "if you can do anything for us! Oh! she shall +sing and dance to you; she shall come and kneel down to you, and embrace +your knees, and kiss your feet, as I do, Cornelius!" and he knelt down, +and would have taken hold of Cornelius's beard. + +Cornelius had never been addressed with so poetical a ceremonial, which +nevertheless he received with awkwardness indeed, but with satisfaction. +"I hear from you," he said with pomposity, "that your sister is in prison +on suspicion of Christianity. The case is a simple one. Let her swear by +the genius of the Emperor, and she is free; let her refuse it, and the law +must take its course," and he made a slight bow. + +"Well, but she is under a delusion," persisted Aristo, "which cannot last +long. She says distinctly that she is _not_ a Christian, is not that +decisive? but then she won't burn incense; she won't swear by Rome. She +tells me she does not _believe_ in Jupiter, nor I; can anything be more +senseless? It is the act of a mad woman. I say, 'My girl, the question is, +Are you to be brought to shame? are you to die by the public sword? die in +torments?' Oh, I shall go mad as well as she!" he screamed out. "She was +so clever, so witty, so sprightly, so imaginative, so versatile! why, +there's nothing she couldn't do. She could model, paint, play on the lyre, +sing, act. She could work with the needle, she could embroider. She made +this girdle for me. It's all that Agellius, it's Agellius. I beg your +pardon, Jucundus; but it is;" and he threw himself on the ground, and +rolled in the dust. + +"I have been telling our young friend," said Jucundus to Cornelius, "to +exert self-control, and to recollect Menander, 'Ne quid nimis.' Grieving +does no good; but these young fellows, it's no use at all speaking to +them. Do you think you could do anything for us, Cornelius?" + +"Why," answered Cornelius, "since I have been here, I have fallen in with +a very sensible man, and a man of remarkably sound political opinions. He +has a great reputation, he is called Polemo, and is one of the professors +at the Mercury. He seems to me to go to the root of these subjects, and +I'm surprised how well we agreed. He's a Greek, as well as this young +gentleman's sister. I should recommend him to go to Polemo; if any one +could disabuse her mind, it is he." + +"True, true," cried Aristo, starting up, "but, no, _you_ can do it better; +you have power with the government. The Proconsul will listen to you. The +magistrates here are afraid of _him_; _they_ don't wish to touch the poor +girl, not they. But there's such a noise everywhere, and so much ill +blood, and so many spies and informers, and so much mistrust--but why +should it come upon _Callista_? Why should _she_ be a sacrifice? But you'd +oblige the Duumvirs as much as me in getting her out of the scrape. But +what good would it do, if they _took_ her dear life? Only get us the +respite of a month; the delusion would vanish in a month. Get two months, +if you can; or as long as you can, you know. Perhaps they would let us +steal out of the country, and no one the wiser; and no harm to any one. It +was a bad job our coming here." + +"We know nothing at Rome of feelings and intentions, and motives and +distinctions," said Cornelius; "and we know nothing of understandings, +connivances, and evasions. We go by facts; Rome goes by facts. The +question is, What is the fact? Does she burn incense, or does she not? +Does she worship the ass, or does she not? However, we'll see what can be +done." And so he went on, informing the pair of mourners that, as far as +his influence extended, he would do something in behalf both of Agellius +and Callista. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXVII. + + + AM I A CHRISTIAN? + + +The sun had now descended for the last time before the solemn day which +was charged with the fate of Callista, and what was the state of mind of +one who excited such keen interest in the narrow circle within which she +was known? And how does it differ from what it was some weeks before, when +Agellius last saw her? She would have been unable to say herself. "So is +the kingdom of God: as if a man should cast seed into the earth, and +should sleep and rise night and day, and the seed should spring and grow +up, whilst he knoweth not." She might, indeed, have been able afterwards, +on looking back, to say many things of herself; and she would have +recognised that while she was continually differing from herself, in that +she was changing, yet it was not a change which involved contrariety, but +one which expanded itself in (as it were) concentric circles, and only +fulfilled, as time went on, the promise of its beginning. Every day, as it +came, was, so to say, the child of the preceding, the parent of that which +followed; and the end to which she tended could not get beyond the aim +with which she set out. Yet, had she been asked, at the time of which we +speak, where was her principle and her consistency, what was her logic, or +whether she acted on reason, or on impulse, or on feeling, or in fancy, or +in passion, she would have been reduced to silence. What did she know +about herself, but that, to her surprise, the more she thought over what +she heard of Christianity, the more she was drawn to it, and the more it +approved itself to her whole soul, and the more it seemed to respond to +all her needs and aspirations, and the more intimate was her presentiment +that it was true? The longer it remained on her mind as an object, the +more it seemed (unlike the mythology or the philosophy of her country, or +the political religion of Rome) to have an external reality and substance, +which deprived objections to it of their power, and showed them to be at +best but difficulties and perplexities. + +But then again, if she had been asked, what was Christianity, she would +have been puzzled to give an answer. She would have been able to mention +some particular truths which it taught, but neither to give them their +definite and distinct shape, nor to describe the mode in which they were +realised. She would have said, "I believe what has been told me, as from +heaven, by Chione, Agellius, and Ccilius:" and it was clear she could say +nothing else. What the three told her in common and in concord was at once +the measure of her creed and the ground of her acceptance of it. It was +that wonderful unity of sentiment and belief in persons so dissimilar from +each other, so distinct in their circumstances, so independent in their +testimony, which recommended to her the doctrine which they were so +unanimous in teaching. She had long given up any belief in the religion of +her country. As to philosophy, it dwelt only in conjecture and opinion; +whereas the very essence of religion was, as she felt, a recognition of +the worshippers on the part of the Object of it. Religion could not be +without hope. To worship a being who did not speak to us, recognise us, +love us, was not religion. It might be a duty, it might be a merit; but +her instinctive notion of religion was the soul's response to a God who +had taken notice of the soul. It was loving intercourse, or it was a name. +Now the three witnesses who had addressed her about Christianity had each +of them made it to consist in the intimate Divine Presence in the heart. +It was the friendship or mutual love of person with person. Here was the +very teaching which already was so urgently demanded both by her reason +and her heart, which she found nowhere else; which she found existing one +and the same in a female slave, in a country youth, in a learned priest. + +This was the broad impression which they made upon her mind. When she +turned to consider more in detail what it was they taught, or what was +implied in that idea of religion which so much approved itself to her, she +understood them to say that the Creator of heaven and earth, Almighty, +All-good, clothed in all the attributes which philosophy gives Him, the +Infinite, had loved the soul of man so much, and her soul in particular, +that He had come upon earth in the form of a man, and in that form had +gone through sufferings, in order to unite all souls to Him; that He +desired to love, and to be loved; that He had said so; that He had called +on man to love Him, and did actually bring to pass this loving intercourse +of Him and man in those souls who surrendered themselves to Him. She did +not go much further than this; but as much as this was before her mind +morning, noon, and night. It pleaded in her; it importuned her; it would +not be rebuffed. It did not mind her moods, or disgusts, or doubts, or +denials, or dismissals, but came again and again. It rose before her, in +spite of the contempt, reproach, and persecution which the profession of +it involved. It smiled upon her; it made promises to her; it opened +eternal views to her; and it grew upon her convictions in clearness of +perception, in congruity, and in persuasiveness. + +Moreover, the more she thought of Chione, of Agellius, and of Ccilius the +more surely did she discern that this teaching wrought in them a something +which she had not. They had about them a simplicity, a truthfulness, a +decision, an elevation, a calmness, and a sanctity to which she was a +stranger, which spoke to her heart and absolutely overcame her. The image +of Ccilius, in particular, came out prominently and eloquently in her +memory,--not in his words so much as in his manner. In spite of what she +had injuriously said to him, she really felt drawn to worship him, as if +he were the shrine and the home of that Presence to which he bore such +solemn witness. + +O the change, when, as if in punishment for her wild words against him, +she found herself actually in the hands of lawless men, who were as far +below her in sentiment as he was above her! O the change, when she was +dizzied by their brutal vociferations and rapid motion, and that breath +and atmosphere of evil which steamed up from the rankness of their +impiety! O the thankfulness which rose up in her heart, though but vaguely +directed to an object, when she found the repose and quiet, though it was +that of a prison! for young as she was, she had become tired of all things +that were seen, and had no strong desire, except for meditation on the +great truths which she did not know. + +One day passes and then another; and now the morning and the hour is come +when she must appear before the magistrates of Sicca. With dread, with +agitation, she looks forward to the moment. She has not yet a peace within +her. Her peace is the stillness of the room in which she is imprisoned. +She knows it will pass away when she leaves it; she knows that again she +must be in the hands of cruel, godless men, with whom she has no sympathy; +but she has no stay whereon to lean in the terrible trial. Her brother +comes to her: he affects to forget her perverseness or delusion. He comes +to her with a smile, and throws his arms around her; and Callista repels, +from some indescribable feeling, his ardent caress, as if she were no +longer his. He has come to accompany her to court, by an indulgence which +he had obtained; to support her there,--to carry her through, and to take +her back in triumph home. My sister,--why that strange, piteous look upon +thy countenance?--why that paleness of thy cheek?--why that whisper of thy +lips?--why those wistful, gentle pleadings of thine eyes? Sweet eyes, and +brow, and cheek, in which I have ever prided myself! Why so backward?--why +so distant and unfriendly? Am I not come to rescue thee from a place where +thou never shouldst have been?--where thou ne'er shalt be again? Callista, +what is this mystery?--speak! + +Such as this was the mute expostulation conveyed in Aristo's look, and in +the fond grasp of his hand; while treading down forcibly within him his +memory and his fears of her great change, he determined she should be to +him still all that she had ever been. But how altered was that look, and +how relaxed that grasp, when at length her misery found words, and she +said to him in agitation, "My time is short: I want some Christian, a +Christian priest!" + +It was as though she had never shown any tendency before to the proscribed +religion. The words came to him with the intensity of something new and +unimagined hitherto. He clasped his hands in emotion, turned white, and +could but say, "Callista!" If she had made confession of the most heinous +of crimes,--if she had spoken of murder, or some black treachery against +himself,--of some enormity too great for words, it might have been; but his +sister!--his pride and delight, after all and certainly a Christian! Better +far had she said she was leaving him for ever, to abandon herself to the +degrading service of the temples; better had she said she had taken +hemlock, or had an asp in her bosom, than that she should choose to go out +of the world with the tortures, the ignominy, the malediction of the +religion of slaves. + +Time waits for no man, nor does the court of justice, nor the _subsellia_ +of the magistrate. The examination is to be held in the Basilica at the +Forum, and it requires from us a few words of explanation beforehand. The +local magistrates then could only try the lesser offences, and decide +civil suits; cases of suspected Christianity were reserved for the Roman +authorities. Still, preliminary examinations were not unfrequently +conducted by the city Duumvirs, or even in what may be called the police +courts. And this may have especially been the case in the Proconsulates. +Proprtors and Presidents were in the appointment of the Emperor, and +joined in their persons the supreme civil and military authority. Such +provinces, perhaps, were better administered; but there would be more of +arbitrariness in their rule, and it would not be so acceptable to the +ruled. The Proconsuls, on the other hand, were representatives of the +Senate, and had not the military force directly in their hands. The +natural tendency of this arrangement was to create, on the one hand, a +rivalry between the civil and military establishments; and, on the other, +to create a friendly feeling between the Proconsul and the local +magistracy. Thus, not long before the date of this history, we read of +Gordian, the Proconsul, enjoying a remarkable popularity in his African +province; and when the people rose against the exactions of the imperial +Procurator, as referred to in a former page, they chose and supported +Gordian against him. But however this might be in general, so it was at +this time at Sicca, that the Proconsular _Officium_ and the city +magistrates were on a good understanding with each other, whereas there +was some collision between the latter and the military. Not much depends +in the conduct of our story upon this circumstance; but it must be taken +to account for the examination of Callista in the Forum, and for some +other details which may follow before we come to the end of it. + +The populace was collected about the gates and within the ample space of +the Basilica, but they gave expression to no strong feeling on the subject +of a Christian delinquent. The famine, the sickness, and, above all, the +lesson which they had received so lately from the soldiers, had both +diminished their numbers and cowed their spirit. They were sullen, too, +and resentful; and, with the changeableness proverbial in a multitude, had +rather have witnessed the beheading of a magistrate, or the burning of a +tribune, than the torture and death of a dozen of wretched Christians. +Besides, they had had a glut of Christian blood; a reaction of feeling had +taken place, and, in spite of the suspicion of witchcraft, the youth and +the beauty of Callista recommended her to their compassion. + +The magistrates were seated on the _subsellia_, one of the Duumvirs +presiding, in his white robe bordered with purple; his lictors, with +staves, not fasces, standing behind him. In the vestibule of the court, to +confront the prisoner on her first entrance, were the usual instruments of +torture. The charge was one which can only be compared, in the estimation +of both state and people in that day, to that of witchcraft, poisoning, +parricide, or other monstrous iniquity in Christian times. There were the +heavy _boi_, a yoke for the neck, of iron, or of wood; the fetters; the +_nervi_, or stocks, in which hands and feet were inserted, at distances +from each other which strained or dislocated the joints. There, too, were +the _virg_, or rods with thorns in them; the _flagra_, _lori_, and +_plumbati_, whips and thongs, cutting with iron or bruising with lead; the +heavy clubs; the hook for digging into the flesh; the _ungula_, said to +have been a pair of scissors; the _scorpio_, and _pecten_, iron combs or +rakes for tearing. And there was the wheel, fringed with spikes, on which +the culprit was stretched; and there was the fire ready lighted, with the +water hissing and groaning in the large caldrons which were placed upon +it. Callista had lost for ever that noble intellectual composure of which +we have several times spoken; she shuddered at what she saw, and almost +fainted, and, while waiting for her summons, leaned heavily against the +merciless _cornicularius_ at her side. + + + +At length the judge began--"Let the servant from the _Officium_ stand +forth." The _officialis_ answered that he had brought a prisoner charged +with Christianity; she had been brought to him by the military on the +night of the riot. + +The _scriba_ then read out the deposition of one of the _stationarii_, to +the effect that he and his fellow-soldiers had received her from the hands +of the civic force on the night in question, and had brought her to the +office of the Triumvirs. + +"Bring forward the prisoner," said the judge; she was brought forward. + +"Here she is," answered the _officialis_, according to the prescribed +form. + +"What is your name?" said the judge. + +She answered, "Callista." + +The judge then asked if she was a freewoman or a slave. + +She answered, "Free; the daughter of Orsilochus, lapidary, of +Proconnesus." + +Some conversation then went on among the magistrates as to her advocate or +_defensor_. Aristo presented himself, but the question arose whether he +was _togatus_. He was known, however, to several magistrates, and was +admitted to stand by his sister. + +Then the _scriba_ read the charge--viz., that Callista was a Christian, and +refused to sacrifice to the gods. + +It was a plain question of fact, which required neither witnesses nor +speeches. At a sign from the Duumvir in came two priests, bringing in +between them the small altar of Jupiter; the charcoal was ready lighted, +the incense at the side, and the judge called to the prisoner to sprinkle +it upon the flame for the good fortune of Decius and his son. All eyes +were turned upon her. + +"I am not a Christian," she said; "I told you so before. I have never been +to a Christian place of worship, nor taken any Christian oath, nor joined +in any Christian sacrifice. And I should lie did I say that I was in any +sense a Christian." + +There was a silence; then the judge said, "Prove your words; there is the +altar, the flame, and the incense; sacrifice to the genius of the +Emperor." + +She said, "What can I do? I am not a Christian." The judges looked at each +other, as much as to say, "It is the old story; it is that inexplicable, +hateful obstinacy, which will neither yield to reason, common sense, +expediency, or fear." + +The Duumvir only repeated the single word, "Sacrifice." + +She stopped awhile; then she came forward with a hurried step. "O my +fate!" she cried, "why was I born? why am I in this strait? I have no god. +What can I do? I am abandoned; why should I not do it?" She stopped; then +she went right on to the altar; she took the incense: suddenly she looked +up to heaven and started, and threw it away. "I cannot! I dare not!" she +cried out. There was a great sensation in court. "Evidently insane," said +some of the more merciful of the Decurions; "poor thing, poor thing!" Her +brother ran up to her; talked to her, conjured her, fell down on his knees +to her; took her hand violently, and would have forced her to offer. In +vain; all he could get from her was, "I am not a Christian; indeed, I am +not a Christian. I have nothing to do with them. O the misery!" + +"She is mad!" cried Aristo; "my lord judges, listen to me. She was seized +by brutal ruffians during the riot, and the fright and shock have overcome +her. Give her time, oh! give her time, and she will get right. She's a +good religious girl; she has done more work for the temples than any girl +in Sicca; half the statues in the city are her finishing. Many of you, my +lords, have her handiwork. She works with me. Do not add to my anguish in +seeing her deranged, by punishing her as a criminal, a Christian: do not +take her from me. Sentence her, and you end the whole matter; give her a +chance, and she will certainly be restored to the gods and to me. Will you +put her to death because she is mad?" + +What was to be done? The court was obsequious to the Proconsul, afraid of +Rome; jealous that the mob should have been more forward than the +magistracy. Had the city moved sooner, as soon as the edict came, there +would have been no rising, no riot. Already they had been called on for a +report about that riot and an explanation; if ever they had need to look +sharp what they were doing, it was now. On the other hand, Callista and +her brother had friends among the judges, as we have said, and their plea +was at once obvious and reasonable. "If she persists, she persists, and +nothing can be said; we don't wish to be disloyal, or careless of the +emperor's commands. If she is obstinate, she must die; but she dies quite +as usefully to us, with quite as much effect, a month hence as now. Not +that we ask you to define a time on your own authority; simply do this, +write to Carthage for advice. The government can answer within an hour, if +it chooses. Merely say, 'Here is a young woman, who has ever been +religious and well conducted, of great accomplishments, and known +especially for her taste and skill in religious art, who since the day of +the riot has suddenly refused to take the test. She can give no reason for +her refusal, and protests she is not a Christian. Her friends say that the +fright has turned her brain, but that if kindly treated and kept quiet, +she will come round, and do all that is required of her. What are we to +do?' " + +At last Callista's friends prevailed. It was decided that the judges +should pass over this examination altogether, as if it had been rendered +informal by Callista's conduct. Had they recognised it as a proper legal +process, they must have sentenced and executed her. Such a decision was of +this further advantage to her, that nothing was altered as to her place of +confinement. Instead of being handed over to the state prison, she +remained in her former lodging, though in custody, and was allowed to see +her friends. There had been very little chance of her recovery, supposing +she was mad, or of ever coming out, if she had once gone into the +formidable _Carcer_. Meanwhile the magistrates sent to Carthage for +instructions. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXVIII. + + + A SICK CALL. + + +Aristo was not a fellow to have very long distresses; he never would have +died of love or of envy, for honour or for loss of property; but his +present calamity was one of the greatest he could ever have, and weighed +upon him as long as ever any one could. His love for his sister was real, +but it would not do to look too closely into the grounds of it; if we are +obliged to do so, we must confess to a suspicion that it lay rather in +certain outward, nay, accidental attributes of Callista, than in Callista +herself. Did she lose her good looks, or her amiable unresisting +submission to his wishes, whatever they were, she would also lose her hold +upon his affections. This is not to make any severe charge against him, +considering how it is with the common run of brothers and sisters, +husbands and wives; at the same time, most people certainly are haunted by +the memory of the past, and love for "Auld lang syne," and this Aristo +might indeed have had, and perhaps had not. He loved chiefly for the +present, and by the hour. + +However, at the present time he was in a state of acute suffering, and, +under its paroxysm, he bethought him again of Cornelius's advice, which he +had rejected, to betake himself to Polemo. He had a distant acquaintance +with him, sufficient for his purpose, and he called on him at the Mercury +after the latter's lecture. Polemo was no fool, though steeped in +affectation and self-conceit, and Aristo fancied that his sister might be +more moved by a philosophical compatriot than any one else. Polemo's +astonishment, however, when the matter was proposed to him surpassed +words, and it showed how utterly Aristo was absorbed in his own misery, +that the possibility of such a reception should not have occurred to him. +What, he, the friend of Plotinus, of Rogatian, and the other noble men and +women who were his fellow-disciples at Rome; he, a member of the +intellectual aristocracy of the metropolis of the world; what, he to visit +a felon in prison! and when he found the felon was a Christian, he fully +thought that Aristo had come to insult him, and was on the point of +bidding him leave him to himself. Aristo, however, persisted; and his +evident anguish, and some particulars which came out, softened him. +Callista was a Greek; a literate, or blue stocking. She had never indeed +worn the philosophic pallium (as some Christian martyrs afterwards, if not +before, have done--St. Catherine and St. Euphemia), but there was no reason +why she should not do so. Polemo recollected having heard of her at the +Capitol, and in the triclinium of one of the Decurions, as a lady of +singular genius and attainments; and he lately had made an attempt to form +a female class of hearers, and it would be a feather in his cap to make a +convert of her. So, not many days after, one evening, accompanied by +Aristo, he set out in his litter to the lodging where she was in custody; +not, however, without much misgiving when it came to the point, some +shame, and a consequent visible awkwardness and stiffness in his manner. +All the perfumes he had about him could not hinder the disgust of such a +visit rising up into his nostrils. + +Callista's room was very well for a prison; it was on the ground-floor of +a house of many stories, close to the _Officium_ of the Triumvirate. +Though not any longer under their strict jurisdiction, she was allowed to +remain where she had first been lodged. She was in one of the rooms +belonging to an apparitor of that _Officium_, and, as he had a wife, or at +least a partner, to take care of her, she might consider herself very well +off. However, the reader must recollect that we are in Africa, in the +month of July, and our young Greek was little used to heats, which made +the whole city nothing less than one vast oven through the greater part of +the twenty-four hours. In lofty spacious apartments the resource adopted +is to exclude the external air, and to live as Greenlanders, with closed +windows and doors; this was both impossible, and would have been +unsuccessful, if attempted in the small apartment of Callista. But fever +of mind is even worse than the heat of the sky; and it is undeniable that +her health, and her strength, and her appearance are affected by both the +physical and the moral enemy. The beauty, which was her brother's delight, +is waning away; and the shadows, if not the rudiments of a diviner +loveliness, which is of expression, not of feature, which inspires not +human passion, but diffuses chaste thoughts and aspirations, are taking +its place. Aristo sees the change with no kind of satisfaction. The room +has a bench, two or three stools, and a bed of rushes in one corner. A +staple is firmly fixed in the wall; and an iron chain, light, however, and +long, if the two ideas can be reconciled, reaches to her slender arm, and +is joined to it by an iron ring. + +On Polemo's entering the room, his first exclamation was to complain of +its closeness; but he had to do a work, so he began it without delay. +Callista, on her part, started; she had no wish for his presence. She was +reclining on her couch, and she sat up. She was not equal to a +controversy, nor did she mean to have one, whatever might be the case with +_him_. + +"Callista, my life and joy, dear Callista," said her brother, "I have +brought the greatest man in Sicca to see you." + +Callista cast upon him an earnest look, which soon subsided into +indifference. He had a rose of Cyrene in his hand, whose perfume he +diffused about the small room. + +"It is Polemo," continued Aristo, "the friend of the great Plotinus, who +knows all philosophies and all philosophers. He has come out of kindness +to you." + +Callista acknowledged his presence; it was certainly, she said, a great +kindness for any one to visit her, and there. + +Polemo replied by a compliment; he said it was Socrates visiting Aspasia. +There had always been women above the standard of their sex, and they had +ever held an intellectual converse with men of mind. He saw one such +before him. + +Callista felt it would be plunging her soul still deeper into shadows, +when she sought realities, if she must take part in such an argument. She +remained silent. + +"Your sister has not the fit upon her?" asked Polemo of Aristo aside, +neither liking her reception of him, nor knowing what to say. "Not at all, +dear thing," answered Aristo; "she is all attention for you to begin." + +"Natives of Greece," at length said he, "natives of Greece should know +each other; they deserve to know each other; there is a secret sympathy +between them. Like that mysterious influence which unites magnet to +magnet; or like the echo which is a repercussion of the original voice. +So, in like manner, Greeks are what none but they can be," and he smelt at +his rose and bowed. + +She smiled faintly when he mentioned Greece. "Yes," she said, "I am fonder +of Greece than of Africa." + +"Each has its advantages," said Polemo; "there is a pleasure in imparting +knowledge, in lighting flame from flame. It would be selfish did we not +leave Greece to communicate what they have not here. But you," he added, +"lady, neither can learn in Greece nor teach in Africa, while you are in +this vestibule of Orcus. I understand, however, it is your own choice; can +that be possible?" + +"Well, I wish to get out, if I could, most learned Polemo," said Callista +sadly. + +"May Polemo of Rhodes speak frankly to Callista of Proconnesus?" asked +Polemo. "I would not speak to every one. If so, let me ask, what keeps you +here?" + +"The magistrates of Sicca and this iron chain," answered Callista. "I +would I could be elsewhere; I would I were not what I am." + +"What could you wish to be more than you are?" answered Polemo; "more +gifted, accomplished, beautiful than any daughter of Africa." + +"Go to the point, Polemo," said Aristo, nervously, though respectfully; +"she wants home-thrusts." + +"I see my brother wants you to ask how far it depends on me that I am +here," said Callista, wishing to hasten his movements; "it is because I +will not burn incense upon the altar of Jupiter." + +"A most insufficient reason, lady," said Polemo. + +Callista was silent. + +"What does that action mean?" said Polemo; "it proposes to mean nothing +else than that you are loyal to the Roman power. You are not of those +Greeks, I presume, who dream of a national insurrection at this time? then +you are loyal to Rome. Did I believe a Leonidas could now arise, an +Harmodius, a Miltiades, a Themistocles, a Pericles, an Epaminondas, I +should be as ready to take the sword as another; but it is hopeless. +Greece, then, makes no claim on you just now. Nor will I believe, though +you were to tell me so yourself, that you are leagued with any obscure, +fanatic sect who desire Rome's downfall. Consider what Rome is;" and now +he had got into the magnificent commonplace, out of his last panegyrical +oration with which he had primed himself before he set out. "I am a +Greek," he said, "I love Greece, but I love truth better; and I look at +facts. I grasp them, and I confess to them. The wide earth, through untold +centuries, has at length grown into the imperial dominion of One. It has +converged and coalesced in all its various parts into one Rome. This, +which we see, is the last, the perfect state of human society. The course +of things, the force of natural powers, as is well understood by all great +lawyers and philosophers, cannot go further. Unity has come at length, and +unity is eternity. It will be for ever, because it is a whole. The +principle of dissolution is eliminated. We have reached the _apotelesma_ +of the world. Greece, Egypt, Assyria, Libya, Etruria, Lydia, have all had +their share in the result. Each of them, in its own day, has striven in +vain to stop the course of fate, and has been hurried onwards at its +wheels as its victim or its instrument. And shall Juda do what profound +Egypt and subtle Greece have tried in vain? If even the freedom of +thought, the liberal scepticism, nay, the revolutionary theories of Hellas +have proved unequal to the task of splitting up the Roman power, if the +pomp and luxury of the East have failed, shall the mysticism of Syria +succeed?" + +"Well, dear Callista, are you listening?" cried Aristo, not over-confident +of the fact, though Polemo looked round at him with astonishment. + +"Ten centuries," he continued, "ten centuries have just been completed +since Rome began her victorious career. For ten centuries she has been +fulfilling her high mission in the dispositions of Destiny, and perfecting +her maxims of policy and rules of government. For ten centuries she has +pursued one track with an ever-growing intensity of zeal, and an +ever-widening extent of territory. What can she not do? just one thing; +and that one thing which she has not presumed to do, you are attempting. +She has maintained her own religion, as was fitting; but she has never +thrown contempt on the religion of others. This you are doing. Observe, +Callista, Rome herself, in spite of her great power, has yielded to that +necessity which is greater. She does not meddle with the religions of the +peoples. She has opened no war against their diversities of rite. The +conquering power found, especially in the East, innumerable traditions, +customs, prejudices, principles, superstitions, matted together in one +hopeless mass; she left them as they were; she recognised them; it would +have been the worse for her if she had done otherwise. All she said to the +peoples, all she dared say to them, was, 'You bear with me, and I will +bear with you.' Yet this you will not do; you Christians, who have no +pretence to any territory, who are not even the smallest of the peoples, +who are not even a people at all, you have the fanaticism to denounce all +other rites but your own, nay, the religion of great Rome. Who are you? +upstarts and vagabonds of yesterday. Older religions than yours, more +intellectual, more beautiful religions, which have had a position, and a +history, and a political influence, have come to nought; and shall you +prevail, you, a _congeries_, a hotch-potch of the leavings, and scraps, +and broken meat of the great peoples of the East and West? Blush, blush, +Grecian Callista, you with a glorious nationality of your own to go shares +with some hundred peasants, slaves, thieves, beggars, hucksters, tinkers, +cobblers, and fishermen! A lady of high character, of brilliant +accomplishments, to be the associate of the outcasts of society!" + +Polemo's speech, though cumbrous, did execution, at least the termination +of it, upon minds constituted like the Grecian. Aristo jumped up, swore an +oath, and looked round triumphantly at Callista, who felt its force also. +After all, what did she know of Christians?--at best she was leaving the +known for the unknown: she was sure to be embracing certain evil for +contingent good. She said to herself, "No, I never can be a Christian." +Then she said aloud, "My Lord Polemo, I am not a Christian;--I never said I +was." + +"That is her absurdity!" cried Aristo. "She is neither one thing nor the +other. She won't say she's a Christian, and she won't sacrifice!" + +"It is my misfortune," she said, "I know. I am losing both what I see, and +what I don't see. It is most inconsistent: yet what can I do?" + +Polemo had said what he considered enough. He was one of those who sold +his words. He had already been over-generous, and was disposed to give +away no more. + +After a time, Callista said, "Polemo, do you believe in one God?" + +"Certainly," he answered; "I believe in one eternal, self-existing +something." + +"Well," she said, "I feel that God within my heart. I feel myself in His +presence. He says to me, 'Do this: don't do that,' You may tell me that +this dictate is a mere law of my nature, as is to joy or to grieve. I +cannot understand this. No, it is the echo of a person speaking to me. +Nothing shall persuade me that it does not ultimately proceed from a +person external to me. It carries with it its proof of its divine origin. +My nature feels towards it as towards a person. When I obey it, I feel a +satisfaction; when I disobey, a soreness--just like that which I feel in +pleasing or offending some revered friend. So you see, Polemo, I believe +in what is more than a mere 'something.' I believe in what is more real to +me than sun, moon, stars, and the fair earth, and the voice of friends. +You will say, Who is He? Has He ever told you anything about Himself? +Alas! no!--the more's the pity! But I will not give up what I have, because +I have not more. An echo implies a voice; a voice a speaker. That speaker +I love and I fear." + +Here she was exhausted, and overcome too, poor Callista! with her own +emotions. + +"O that I could find Him!" she exclaimed, passionately. "On the right hand +and on the left I grope, but touch Him not. Why dost Thou fight against +me?--why dost Thou scare and perplex me, O First and Only Fair? I have Thee +not, and I need Thee." She added, "I am no Christian, you see, or I should +have found Him; or at least I should say I had found Him." + +"It is hopeless," said Polemo to Aristo, in much disgust, and with some +hauteur of manner: "she is too far gone. You should not have brought me to +this place." + +Aristo groaned. + +"Shall I," she continued, "worship any but Him? Shall I say that He whom I +see not, whom I seek, is our Jupiter, or Csar, or the goddess Rome? They +are none of them images of this inward guide of mine. I sacrifice to Him +alone." + +The two men looked at each other in amazement: one of them in anger. + +"It's like the demon of Socrates," said Aristo, timidly. + +"I will acknowledge Csar in every fitting way," she repeated; "but I will +not make him my God." + +Presently she added, "Polemo, will not that invisible Monitor have +something to say to all of us,--to you,--at some future day?" + +"Spare me! spare me, Callista!" cried Polemo, starting up with a violence +unsuited to his station and profession. "Spare my ears, unhappy +woman!--such words have never hitherto entered them. I did not come to be +insulted. Poor, blind, hapless, perverse spirit--I separate myself from you +for ever! Desert, if you will, the majestic, bright, beneficent traditions +of your forefathers, and live in this frightful superstition! Farewell!" + +He did not seem better pleased with Aristo than with Callista, though +Aristo helped him into his litter, walked by his side, and did what he +could to propitiate him. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXIX. + + + CONVERSION. + + +If there is a state of mind utterly forlorn, it is that in which we left +the poor prisoner after Polemo had departed. She was neither a Christian, +nor was she not. She was in the midway region of inquiry, which as surely +takes time to pass over, except there be some almost miraculous +interference, as it takes time to walk from place to place. You see a +person coming towards you, and you say, impatiently, "Why don't you come +faster?--why are you not here already?" Why?--because it takes time. To see +that heathenism is false,--to see that Christianity is true,--are two acts, +and involve two processes. They may indeed be united, and the truth may +supplant the error; but they may not. Callista obeyed, as far as truth was +brought home to her. She saw the vanity of idols before she had faith in +Him who came to destroy them. She could safely say, "I discard Jupiter:" +she could not say, "I am a Christian." Besides, what did she know of +Christians? How did she know that they would admit her, if she wished it? +They were a secret society, with an election, an initiation, and +oaths;--not a mere philosophical school, or a profession of opinion, open +to any individual. If they were the good people that she fancied them to +be,--and if they were not, she would not think of them at all,--they were +not likely to accept of her. + +Still, though we may account for her conduct, its issue was not, on that +account, the less painful. She had neither the promise of this world, nor +of the next, and was losing earth without gaining heaven. Our Lord is +reported to have said, "Be ye good money-changers." Poor Callista did not +know how to turn herself to account. It had been so all through her short +life. She had ardent affections, and keen sensibilities, and high +aspirations; but she was not fortunate in the application of them. She had +put herself into her brother's hands, and had let him direct her course. +It could not be expected that he would be very different from the world. +We are cautioned against "rejoicing in our youth." Aristo rejoiced in his +without restraint; and he made his sister rejoice in hers, if enjoyment it +was. He himself found in the pleasures he pointed out a banquet of +fruits:--she dust and ashes. And so she went on; not changing her life, +from habit, from the captivity of nature, but weary, disappointed, +fastidious, hungry, yet not knowing what she would have; yearning after +something, she did not well know what. And as heretofore she had cast her +lot with the world, yet had received no price for her adhesion, so now she +had bid it farewell; yet had nothing to take in its place. + +As to her brother, after the visit of Polemo, he got more and more +annoyed--angry rather than distressed, and angry with her. One more +opportunity occurred of her release, and it was the last effort he made to +move her. Cornelius, in spite of his pomposity, had acted the part of a +real friend. He wrote from Carthage, that he had happily succeeded in his +application to government, and, difficult and unusual as was the grace, +had obtained her release. He sent the formal documents for carrying it +through the court, and gained the eager benediction of the excitable +Aristo. He rushed with the parchments to the magistrates, who recognised +them as sufficient, and got an order for admission to her room. + +"Joy, my dearest," he cried; "you are free! We will leave this loathsome +country by the first vessel. I have seen the magistrates already." + +The colour came into her wan face, she clasped her hands together, and +looked earnestly at Aristo. He proceeded to explain the process of +liberation. She would not be called on to sacrifice, but must sign a +writing to the effect that she had done so, and there would be an end of +the whole matter. On the first statement she saw no difficulty in the +proposal, and started up in animation. Presently her countenance fell; how +could she say that she had done what it was treason to her inward Guide to +do? What was the difference between acknowledging a blasphemy by a +signature or by incense? She smiled sorrowfully at him, shook her head, +and lay down again upon her rushes. She had anticipated the Church's +judgment on the case of the _Libellatici_. + +Aristo could not at first believe he heard aright, that she refused to be +saved by what seemed to him a matter of legal form; and his anger grew so +high as to eclipse and to shake his affection. "Lost girl," he cried, "I +abandon you to the Furies!" and he shook his clenched hand at her. He +turned away, and said he would never see her again, and he kept his word. +He never came again. He took refuge, with less restraint than was usual to +him, in such pleasures as the city could supply, and strove to drive his +sister from his mind by dissipation. He mixed in the games of the Campus +Martius under the shadow of the mountain; took part with the revellers in +the Forum, and ended the evening at the Therm. Sometimes the image of +dear Callista, as once she looked, would rush into his mind with a force +which would not be denied, and he would weep for a whole night. + +At length he determined to destroy himself, after the example of so many +great men. He gave a sumptuous entertainment, expending his means upon it, +and invited his friends to partake of it. It passed off with great gaiety; +nothing was wanting to make it equal to an occasion so special and +singular. He disclosed to his guests his purpose, and they applauded; the +last libations were made--the revellers departed--the lights were +extinguished. Aristo disappeared that night: Sicca never saw him again. +After some time it was found that he was at Carthage, and he had been +provident enough to take with him some of his best working tools, and some +specimens of his own and poor Callista's skill. + +Strange to say, Jucundus proved a truer friend to the poor girl than her +brother. In spite of his selfishness and hatred of Christians, he was +considerably affected as her case got more and more serious, and it became +evident that only one answer could be returned to the magistrates from +Carthage. He was quite easy about Agellius, who had, as he considered, +successfully made off with himself, and he was reconciled to the thought +of never seeing him again. Had it not been for this, one might have +fancied that some lurking anxiety about the fate of his nephew might have +kept alive the fidget which Callista's dismal situation gave him, for the +philosopher tells us, that pity always has something in it of self; but, +under the circumstances, it would be rash judgment to have any such +suspicion of his motives. He was not a cruel man: even the "hoary-headed +Fabian," or Cyprian, or others whom he so roundly abused, would have +found, when it came to the point, that his bluster was his worst weapon +against them; at any rate he had enough of the "milk of human kindness" to +feel considerable distress about that idiotic Callista. + +Yet what could he do? He might as well stop the passage of the sun, as the +movements of mighty Rome, and a rescript would be coming to a certainty in +due time from Carthage, and would just say one thing, which would +forthwith be passing into the region of fact. He had no one to consult, +and to tell the truth, Callista's fate was more than acquiesced in by the +public of Sicca. Her death seemed a solution of various perplexities and +troubles into which the edict had brought them; it would be purchasing the +praise of loyalty cheaply. Moreover, there were sets of men actually +hostile to her and her brother; the companies of statuaries, lapidaries, +and goldsmiths, were jealous of foreign artists like them, who showed +contempt for Africa, and who were acquainted, or rather intimate, with +many of the higher classes, and even high personages in the place. Well, +but could not some of those great people help her now? His mind glanced +towards Calphurnius, whom he had heard of as in some way or other +protecting her on the evening of the riot, and to him he determined to +betake himself. + +Calphurnius and the soldiery were still in high dudgeon with the populace +of Sicca, displeased with the magistrates, and full of sympathy for +Callista. Jucundus opened his mind fully to the tribune, and persuaded him +to take him to Septimius, his military superior, and in the presence of +the latter many good words were uttered both by Calphurnius and Jucundus. +Jucundus gave it as his opinion that it was a very great mistake to strike +at any but the leaders of the Christian sect; he quoted the story of King +Tarquin and the poppies, and assured the great man that it was what he had +always said and always prophesied, and that, depend upon it, it was a +great mistake not to catch Cyprianus. + +"The strong arm of the law," he said, "should not, on the other hand, be +put forth against such butterflies as this Callista, a girl who, he knew +from her brother, had not yet seen eighteen summers. What harm could such +a poor helpless thing possibly do? She could not even defend herself, much +less attack anybody else. No," he continued, "your proper policy with +these absurd people is a smiling face and an open hand. Recollect the +fable of the sun and the wind; which made the traveller lay aside his +cloak? Do you fall in with some sour-visaged, stiff-backed worshipper of +the Furies? fill his cup for him, crown his head with flowers, bring in +the flute-women. Observe him--he relaxes; a smile spreads on his +countenance; he laughs at a jest; 'captus est; habet:' he pours a +libation. Great Jove has conquered! he is loyal to Rome; what can you +desire more? But beat him, kick him, starve him, turn him out of doors; +and you have a natural enemy to do you a mischief whenever he can." + +Calphurnius took his own line, and a simple one. "If it was some vile +slave or scoundrel African," he said, "no harm would have been done; but, +by Jupiter Tonans, it's a Greek girl, who sings like a Muse, dances like a +Grace, and spouts verses like Minerva. 'Twould be sacrilege to touch a +hair of her head; and we forsooth are to let these cowardly dogs of +magistrates entrap Fortunianus at Carthage into this solecism." + +Septimius said nothing, as became a man in office; but he came to an +understanding with his visitors. It was plain that the Duumvirs of Sicca +had no legal custody of Callista; in a criminal matter she might seem to +fall under the jurisdiction of the military; and Calphurnius gained leave +to claim his right at the proper moment. The rest of his plan the tribune +kept to himself, nor did Septimius wish to know it. He intended to march a +guard into the prison shortly before Callista was brought out for +execution, and then to make it believed that she had died under the +horrors of the Barathrum. The corpse of another woman could without +difficulty be found to be her representative, and she herself would be +carried off to the camp. + + + +Meanwhile, to return to the prisoner herself, what was the consolation, +what the occupation of Callista in this waiting time, ere the Proconsul +had sent his answer? Strange to say, and, we suppose, from a sinful +waywardness in her, she had, up to this moment, neglected to avail herself +of a treasure, which by a rare favour had been put into her possession. A +small parchment, carefully written, elaborately adorned, lay in her bosom, +which might already have been the remedy of many a perplexity, many a woe. +It is difficult to say under what feelings she had been reluctant to open +the Holy Gospel, which Ccilius had intrusted to her care. Whether she was +so low and despondent that she could not make the effort, or whether she +feared to convince herself further, or whether she professed to be waiting +for some calmer time, as if that were possible, or whether her +unwillingness was that which makes sick people so averse to eating, or to +remedies which they know would be useful to them, cannot well be +determined; but there are many of us who may be able, from parallel +instances of infirmity, to enter into that state of mind, which led her at +least to procrastinate what she might do any minute. However, now left +absolutely to herself, Aristo gone, and the answer of the government to +the magistracy not having yet come, she recurred to the parchment, and to +the Bishop's words, which ran, "Here you will see who it is we love," or +language to that effect. It was tightly lodged under her girdle, and so +had escaped in the confusion of that terrible evening. She opened it at +length and read. + +It was the writing of a provincial Greek; elegant, however, and marked +with that simplicity which was to her taste the elementary idea of a +classic author. It was addressed to one Theophilus, and professed to be a +carefully digested and verified account of events which had been already +attempted by others. She read a few paragraphs, and became interested, and +in no long time she was absorbed in the volume. When she had once taken it +up, she did not lay it down. Even at other times she would have prized it, +but now, when she was so desolate and lonely, it was simply a gift from an +unseen world. It opened a view of a new state and community of beings, +which only seemed too beautiful to be possible. But not into a new state +of things alone, but into the presence of One who was simply distinct and +removed from anything that she had, in her most imaginative moments, ever +depicted to her mind as ideal perfection. Here was that to which her +intellect tended, though that intellect could not frame it. It could +approve and acknowledge, when set before it, what it could not originate. +Here was He who spoke to her in her conscience; whose Voice she heard, +whose Person she was seeking for. Here was He who kindled a warmth on the +cheek of both Chione and Agellius. That image sank deep into her; she felt +it to be a reality. She said to herself, "This is no poet's dream; it is +the delineation of a real individual. There is too much truth and nature, +and life and exactness about it, to be anything else." Yet she shrank from +it; it made her feel her own difference from it, and a feeling of +humiliation came upon her mind, such as she never had had before. She +began to despise herself more thoroughly day by day; yet she recollected +various passages in the history which reassured her amid her +self-abasement, especially that of His tenderness and love for the poor +girl at the feast, who would anoint His feet; and the full tears stood in +her eyes, and she fancied she was that sinful child, and that He did not +repel her. + +O what a new world of thought she had entered! it occupied her mind from +its very novelty. Everything looked dull and dim by the side of it; her +brother had ever been dinning into her ears that maxim of the heathen, +"Enjoy the present, trust nothing to the future." She indeed could not +enjoy the present with that relish which he wished, and she had not any +trust in the future either; but this volume spoke a different doctrine. +There she learned the very opposite to what Aristo taught--viz., that the +present must be sacrificed for the future; that what is seen must give way +to what is believed. Nay, more, she drank in the teaching which at first +seemed so paradoxical, that even present happiness and present greatness +lie in relinquishing what at first sight seems to promise them; that the +way to true pleasure is, not through self-indulgence, but through +mortification; that the way to power is weakness, the way to success +failure, the way to wisdom foolishness, the way to glory dishonour. She +saw that there was a higher beauty than that which the order and harmony +of the natural world revealed, and a deeper peace and calm than that which +the exercise, whether of the intellect or of the purest human affection, +can supply. She now began to understand that strange, unearthly composure, +which had struck her in Chione, Agellius, and Ccilius; she understood +that they were detached from the world, not because they had not the +possession, nor the natural love of its gifts, but because they possessed +a higher blessing already, which they loved above everything else. Thus, +by degrees, Callista came to walk by a new philosophy; and had ideas, and +principles, and a sense of relations and aims, and a susceptibility of +arguments, to which before she was an utter stranger. Life and death, +action and suffering, fortunes and abilities, all had now a new meaning +and application. As the skies speak differently to the philosopher and the +peasant, as a book of poems to the imaginative and to the cold and narrow +intellect, so now she saw her being, her history, her present condition, +her future, in a new light, which no one else could share with her. But +the ruling sovereign thought of the whole was He, who exemplified all this +wonderful philosophy in Himself. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXX. + + + TORRES VEDRAS. + + +There were those, however, whom Callista could understand, and who could +understand her; there were those who, while Aristo, Cornelius, Jucundus, +and Polemo were moving in her behalf, were interesting themselves also in +her, and in a more effectual way. Agellius had joined Ccilius, and, if in +no other way, by his mouth came to the latter and his companions the news +of her imprisonment. On the morning that Agellius had been so strangely +let out of confinement by his brother, and found himself seated at the +street-door, with his tunic on his arm and his boots on the ground before +him, his first business was to recollect where he was, and to dispose of +those articles of dress according to their respective uses. What should he +do with himself, was of course his second thought. He could not stay there +long without encountering the early risers of Sicca, the gates being +already open. To attempt to find out where Callista was, and then to see +her or rescue her, would have ended at once in his own capture. To go to +his own farm would have been nearly as dangerous, and would have had less +meaning. Ccilius too had said, that they were not long to be separated, +and had given him directions for finding him. + +Immediately then he made his way to one of the eastern gates, which led to +Thibursicumbur. There was indeed no time to be lost, as he soon had +indications; he met several men who knew him by sight, and one of the +apparitors of the Duumviri, who happily did not. An apostate Christian, +whose zeal for the government was notorious, passed him and looked back +after him. However, he would soon be out of pursuit, if he had the start +of them until the sun got round the mountains he was seeking. He walked on +through a series of rocky and barren hills, till he got some way past the +second milestone. Before he had reached the third he had entered a defile +in the mountains. Perpendicular rocks rose on each side of him, and the +level road, reaching from rock to rock, was not above thirty feet across. +He felt that if he was pursued here, there was no escape. The third +milestone passed, he came to the country road; he pursued it, counting out +his thousand steps, as Ccilius had instructed him. By this time it had +left the stony bottom, and was rising up the side of the precipice. +Brushwood and dwarf pines covered it, mingled with a few olives and +caroubas. He said out his seven pater nosters as he walked, and then +looked around. He had just passed a goatherd, and they looked hard at each +other. Agellius wished him good morning. + +"You are wishing a kid for Bacchus, sir," said the man to him as he was +running his eye over the goats. On Agellius answering in the negative, he +said in a clownish way, "He who does not sacrifice to Bacchus does not +sacrifice goats." + +Agellius, bearing in mind Ccilius's directions, saw of course there was +something in the words which did not meet the ear, and answered +carelessly, "He who does not sacrifice, does not sacrifice to Bacchus." + +"True," said the man, "but perhaps you prefer a lamb for a sacrifice." + +Agellius replied, "If it is the right one; but the one I mean was slain +long since." + +The man, without any change of manner, went on to say that there was an +acquaintance of his not far up the rock, who could perhaps satisfy him on +the point. He said, "Follow those wild olives, though the path seems +broken, and you will come to him at the nineteenth." + +Agellius set out, and never was path so untrue to its own threats. It +seemed ending in abrupt cliffs every turn, but never fulfilled the +anticipation; that is, while he kept to the olive-trees. After ascending +what was rather a flight of marble steps, washed and polished by the +winter torrents, than a series of crags, he fulfilled the number of trees, +and looked round at the man sitting under it. O the joy and surprise! it +was his old servant Aspar. + +"You are safe, then, Aspar," he said, "and I find you here. O what a +tender Providence!" + +"I have taken my stand here, master," returned Aspar, "day after day, +since I got here, in hopes of seeing you. I could not get back to you from +Jucundus's that dreadful morning, and so I made my way here. Your uncle +sent for you in my presence, but at the time I did not know what it meant. +I was able to escape." + +"And now for Ccilius," said Agellius. + +Behind the olive-tree a torrent's bed descended; the descent being so +easy, and yet so natural, that art had evidently interfered with nature, +yet concealed its interference. After tracing it some yards, they came to +a chasm on the opposite side; and, passing through it, Agellius soon found +himself, to his surprise, on a bleak open hill, to which the huge mountain +formed merely a sort of _faade_. Its surface was half rock, half moor, +and it was surrounded by precipices. It was such a place as some hermit of +the middle ages might have chosen for his solitude. The two walked briskly +across it, and at length came to a low, broad yawning opening, branching +out into several passages which, if pursued, would have been found to end +in nothing. Aspar, however, made straight for what appeared a dead wall of +rock, in which, on his making a signal, a door, skilfully hidden, was +opened from within, and was shut behind them by the porter. They now stood +in a gallery running into the mountain. It was very long, and a stream of +cold air came along it. Aspar told him that at the extremity of it they +should find Ccilius. + +Agellius was indeed in the vestibule of a remarkable specimen of those +caves which had been used for religious purposes, first by the aborigines +of the country, then by the Phoenician colonists, and in the centuries +which had just passed, for the concealment of the Christians. The passage +along which they were proceeding might itself be fitly called a cave, but +still it was only one of several natural subterraneans, of different +shapes, and opening into each other. Some of them lay along the face of a +ravine, from which they received light and air; and here in one place +there were indications of a fortified front. They were perfectly dry, +though the water had at some remote period filtered through the roof, and +had formed pendants and pillars of semi-transparent stalactite, of great +beauty. It was another and singular advantage that a particular spot in +one of the caverns, which bordered on the ravine, was the focus of an +immense ear or whispering-gallery, such, that whatever took place in the +public road in which the ravine terminated, could be distinctly heard +there, and thus they were always kept on guard against the attack of an +enemy, if expected. Had either Agellius or Aspar been curious about such a +matter, the latter might have pointed out the place where a Punic altar +once had been discovered, with a sort of _tumulus_ of bones of mice near +at hand, that animal coming into the list of victims in the Phoenician +worship. + +But the two Christians were engaged, as they first halted, and then walked +along the corridor, in other thoughts, than in asking and answering +questions about the history of the place of refuge in which they found +themselves. We have already remarked on the central position of Sicca for +the purpose of missionary work and of retreat in persecution; such a +dwelling in the rocks did but increase its advantageousness, and in +consequence at this moment many Christians had availed themselves of it. +It is an English proverb that three removes are as bad as a fire; and so +great were the perils and the hardships of flight in those times, that it +was a question, in a merely earthly point of view, whether the risk of +being apprehended at home was not a far less evil than the evils which +were certain upon leaving it. There was nothing, then, ungenerous in the +ecclesiastical rule that they alone should flee, in persecution, who were +marked out for death, if they stayed. The laity, private families, and the +priests, on whose ministrations they depended, remained; bishops, deacons, +and what may be called the staff of the episcopate, notaries, messengers, +seminarists, and ascetics, would disappear from the scene of persecution. + +Agellius learned from his slave that the cave had been known to him from +the time he was a boy, and that it was one of the secrets which all who +shared it religiously observed. Holy men, it seemed, had had intimations +of the present trial for several years past; and it was the full +persuasion of the heads of the Church, that, though it might blow over for +a short time, it would recur at intervals for many years, ending in a +visitation so heavy and long, that the times of Antichrist would seem to +have arrived. However, the impression upon their minds was, that then +would come a millennium, or, in some sort, a reign of the saints upon the +earth. That, however, was a date which even Agellius himself, young as he +was, would not be likely to reach; indeed, who could expect to escape, who +might not hope to gain, a Martyr's death, in the interval, in the series +of assaults, between which Christianity had to run the gauntlet? Aspar +said, moreover, that some martyrs lay in the chapels within, and that +various confessors had ended their days there. At the present time there +were representatives, there collected, of a large portion of the Churches +of the Proconsulate. A post, so to call it, went between them and Carthage +every week, and his friend and father, the bishop of that city, was +especially busy in correspondence. + +Moreover, Agellius learned from him that they had many partisans, +well-wishers, and sympathizers, about the country, whom no one suspected; +the families of parents who had conformed to the established worship, nay, +sometimes the apostates themselves, and that this was the case in Sicca as +well as elsewhere. For himself, old and ignorant as he was, the +persecution had proved to him an education. He had been brought near great +men, and some who, he was confident, would be martyrs in the event. He had +learned a great deal about his religion which he did not know before, and +had drunk in the spirit of Christianity, with a fulness which he trusted +would not turn to his ultimate condemnation. He now too had a +consciousness of the size and populousness of the Church, of her +diffusion, of the promises made to her, of the essential necessity of what +seemed to be misfortune, of the episcopal regimen, and of the power and +solidity of the see of Peter afar off in Rome, all which knowledge had +made him quite another being. We have put all this into finer language +than the good old man used himself, and we have grouped it more exactly, +but this is what his words would come to, when explained. + +Coming down to sublunary matters, Aspar said the cave was well +provisioned; they had bread, oil, figs, dried grapes, and wine. They had +vessels and vestments for the Holy Sacrifice. Their serious want was a +dearth of water at that season, but they relied on Divine Providence to +give them by miracle, if in no other way, a supply. The place was +piercingly cold too in the winter. + +By this time they had gained the end of the long gallery, and passed +through a second apartment, when suddenly the sounds of the ecclesiastical +chant burst on the ear of Agellius. How strange, how transporting to him! +he was almost for the first time coming home to his father's house, though +he had been a Christian from a child, and never, as he trusted, to leave +it, now that it was found. He did not know how to behave himself, nor +indeed where to go. Aspar conducted him into the seats set apart for the +faithful; he knelt down and burst into tears. + +It was approaching the third hour, the hour at which the Paraclete +originally descended upon the Apostles, and which, when times of +persecution were passed, was appointed in the West for the solemn mass of +the day. In that early age, indeed, the time of the solemnity was +generally midnight, in order to elude observation; but even then such an +hour was considered of but temporary arrangement. Pope Telesphorus is said +to have prescribed the hour, afterwards in use, as early even as the +second century; and in a place of such quiet and security as the cavern in +which we just now find ourselves, there was no reason why it should not be +selected. At the lower end of the chapel was a rail extending across it, +and open in the middle, where its two portions turned up at right angles +on each side towards the altar. The enclosure thus made was the place +proper for the faithful, into which Agellius had been introduced, and +about fifty persons were collected about him. Where the two side-rails +which ran up the chapel ceased, there was a broad step; and upon it two +pulpits, one on each side. Then came a second elevation, carrying the eye +on to the extremity of the upper end. + +In the middle of the wall at that upper end is a recess, occupied by a +tomb. On the front of it is written the name of some glorious champion of +the faith who lies there. It is one of the first bishops of Sicca, and the +inscription attests that he slept in the Lord under the Emperor Antoninus. +Over the sacred relics is a slab, and on the slab the Divine Mysteries are +now to be celebrated. At the back is a painting on the wall, very similar +to that in Agellius's cottage. The ever-blessed immaculate Mother of God +is exercising her office as the Advocate of sinners, standing by the +sacrifice as she stood at the cross itself, and offering up and applying +its infinite merits and incommunicable virtue in union with priest and +people. So instinctive in the Christian mind is the principle of +decoration, as it may be called, that even in times of suffering, and +places of banishment, we see it brought into exercise. Not only is the +arch which overspans the altar ornamented with an arabesque pattern, but +the roof or vault is coloured with paintings. Our Lord is in the centre, +with two figures of Moses on each side, on the right unloosing his +sandals, on the left striking the rock. Between the centre figure and the +altar may be seen the raising of Lazarus; in the opposite partition the +healing of the paralytic; at the four angles are men and women alternately +in the attitude of prayer. + +At this time the altar-stone was covered with a rich crimson silk, with +figures of St. Peter and St. Paul worked in gold upon it, the gift of a +pious lady of Carthage. Beyond the altar, but not touching it, was a +cross; and on one side of the altar a sort of basin or _piscina_ cut in +the rock, with a linen cloth hanging up against it. There were no candles +upon the altar itself, but wax lights fixed into silver stands were placed +at intervals along the edge of the presbytery or elevation. + +The mass was in behalf of the confessors for the faith then in prison in +Carthage; and the sacred ministers, some half-hour after Agellius's +entrance, made their appearance. Their vestments already varied somewhat +from the ordinary garments of the day, and bespoke antiquity; and, though +not so simply _sui generis_ as they are now, they were so far special, +that they were never used on any other occasion, but were reserved for the +sacred service. The neck was bare, the amice being as yet unknown; instead +of the stole was what was called the _orarium_, a sort of handkerchief +resting on the shoulders, and falling down on each side. The alb had been +the inner garment, or _camisium_, which in civil use was retained at night +when the other garments were thrown off; and, as at the present day, it +was confined round the waist by a zone or girdle. The maniple was a +napkin, supplying the place of a handkerchief; and the chasuble was an +ample _pnula_, such as was worn by the judges, a cloak enveloping the +whole person round, when spread out, with an opening in the centre, +through which the head might pass. The deacon's dalmatic was much longer +than it is now, and the subdeacon's tunicle resembled the alb. All the +vestments were of the purest white. + +The mass began by the bishop giving his blessing; and then the Lector, a +man of venerable age, taking the roll called _Lectionarium_, and +proceeding to a pulpit, read the Prophets to the people, much in the way +observed among ourselves still on holy Saturday and the vigil of +Pentecost. These being finished, the people chanted the first verse of the +_Gloria Patri_, after which the clergy alternated with the people the +_Kyrie_, pretty much as the custom is now. + +Here a fresh roll was brought to the Lector, then or afterwards called +_Apostolus_, from which he read one of the canonical epistles. A psalm +followed, which was sung by the people; and, after this, the Lector +received the _Evangeliarium_, and read a portion of the Gospel, at which +lights were lighted, and the people stood. When he had finished, the +Lector opened the roll wide, and, turning round, presented it to bishop, +clergy, and people to kiss. + +The deacon then cried out, "Ite in pace, catechumeni," "Depart in peace, +catechumens;" and then the kiss of peace was passed round, and the people +began to sing some psalms or hymns. While they were so engaged, the deacon +received from the acolyte the _sindon_, or corporal, which was of the +length of the altar, and perhaps of greater breadth, and spread it upon +the sacred table. Next was placed on the _sindon_ the _oblata_, that is, +the small loaves, according to the number of communicants, with the paten, +which was large, and a gold chalice, duly prepared. And then the _sindon_, +or corporal, was turned back over them, to cover them as a pall. + +The celebrant then advanced: he stood at the further side of the altar, +where the candles are now, with his face to the people, and then began the +holy sacrifice. First he incensed the _oblata_, that is, the loaves and +chalice, as an acknowledgment of God's sovereign dominion, and as a token +of uplifted prayer to Him. Then the roll of prayers was brought him, while +the deacon began what is sometimes called the bidding prayer, being a +catalogue of the various subjects for which intercession is to be made, +after the manner of the _Oremus dilectissimi_, now used on Good Friday. +This catalogue included all conditions of men, the conversion of the +world, the exaltation of Holy Church, the maintenance of the Roman empire, +the due ripening and gathering of the fruits of the earth, and other +spiritual and temporal blessings,--subjects very much the same as those +which are now called the Pope's intentions. The prayers ended with a +special reference to those present, that they might persevere in the Lord +even to the end. And then the priest began the _Sursum corda_, and said +the _Sanctus_. + +The Canon or _Actio_ seems to have run, in all but a few words, as it does +now, and the solemn words of consecration were said secretly. Great stress +was laid on the Lord's prayer, which in one sense terminated the function. +It was said aloud by the people, and when they said, "Forgive us our +trespasses," they beat their breasts. + +It is not wonderful that Agellius, assisting for almost the first time at +this wonderful solemnity, should have noted everything as it occurred; and +we must be considered as giving our account of it from his mouth. + +It needs not to enlarge on the joy of the meeting which followed between +Ccilius and his young penitent. "O my father," he said, "I come to thee, +never to leave thee, to be thy dutiful servant, and to be trained by thee +after the pattern of Him who made thee what thou art. Wonderful things +have happened; Callista is in prison on the charge of Christianity; I was +in a sort of prison myself, or what was worse for my soul; and Juba, my +brother, in the strangest of ways, has this morning let me out. Shall she +not be saved, my father, in God's own way, as well as I? At least we can +all pray for her; but surely we can do more--so precious a soul must not be +left to herself and the world. If she has the trials, she may claim the +blessings of a Christian. Is she to go back to heathenism? Is she, alas! +to suffer without baptism? Shall we not hazard death to bestow on her that +grace?" + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXI. + + + THE BAPTISM. + + +We have already had occasion to mention that there were many secret +well-wishers, or at least protectors, of Christians, as in the world at +large, so also in Sicca. There were many persons who had received benefits +from their charity, and had experience of the scandalous falsehood of the +charges now circulated against them. Others would feel a generosity +towards a cruelly persecuted body; others, utterly dead to the subject of +religion, or rather believing all religions to be impostures, would not +allow it to be assumed that only one was worthy of bad treatment. Others +liked what they heard of the religion itself, and thought there was truth +in it, though it had no claim to a monopoly of truth. Others felt it to be +true, but shrank from the consequences of openly embracing it. Others, who +had apostatised through fear of the executioner, intended to come back to +it at the last. It must be added that in the African Church confessors in +prison had, or were considered to have, the remarkable privilege of +gaining the public forgiveness of the Church for those who had lapsed; it +was an object, then, for all those who, being in that miserable case, +wished some day to be restored, to gain their promise of assistance, or +their good-will. To these reasons was added, in Callista's case, the +interest which naturally attached to a woman, young and defenceless. + +The burning sun of Africa is at the height of its power. The population is +prostrated by heat, by scarcity, by pestilence, and by the decimation +which their riot brought upon them. They care neither for Christianity, +nor for anything else just now. They lie in the porticoes, in the caverns +under the city, in the baths. They are more alive at night. The +_apparitor_, in whose dwelling Callista was lodged, who was himself once a +Christian, lies in the shade of the great doorway, into which his rooms +open, asleep, or stupefied. Two men make their appearance about two hours +before sunset, and demand admittance to Callista. The jailor asks if they +are not the two Greeks, her brother and the rhetorician, who had visited +her before. The junior of the strangers drops a purse heavy with coin into +his lap, and passes on with his companion. When the mind is intent on +great subjects or aims, heat and cold, hunger and thirst, lose their power +of enfeebling it; thus perhaps we must account for the energy now +displayed both by the two ecclesiastics and by Callista herself. + +She too thought it was the unwelcome philosopher come again; she gave a +start and a cry of delight when she saw it was Ccilius. "My father," she +said, "I want to be a Christian, if I may; He came to save the lost sheep. +I have learnt such things from this book--let me give it you while I can. I +am not long for this world. Give me Him who spoke so kindly to that woman. +Take from me my load of sin, and then I will gladly go." She knelt at his +feet, and gave the roll of parchment into his hand. + +"Rise and sit," he answered. "Let us think calmly over the matter." + +"I am ready," she insisted. "Deny me not my wish, when time is so +urgent--if I may have it." + +"Sit down calmly," he said again; "I am not refusing you, but I wish to +know about you." He could hardly keep from tears, of pain, or of joy, or +of both, when he saw the great change which trial had wrought in her. What +touched him most was the utter disappearance of that majesty of mien, +which once was hers, a gift, so beautiful, so unsuitable to fallen man. +There was instead of it a frank humility, a simplicity without +concealment, an unresisting meekness, which seemed as if it would enable +her, if trampled on, to smile and to kiss the feet that insulted her. She +had lost every vestige of what the world worships under the titles of +proper pride and self-respect. Callista was now living, not in the thought +of herself, but of Another. + +"God has been very good to you," he continued; "but in the volume you have +returned to me He bids us 'reckon the charges.' Can you drink of His +chalice? Recollect what is before you." + +She still continued kneeling, with a touching earnestness of face and +demeanour, and with her hands crossed upon her breast. + +"I _have_ reckoned," she replied; "heaven and hell: I prefer heaven." + +"You are on earth," said Ccilius; "not in heaven or hell. You must bear +the pangs of earth before you drink the blessedness of heaven." + +"He has given me the firm purpose," she said, "to gain heaven, to escape +hell; and He will give me too the power." + +"Ah, Callista!" he answered, in a voice broken with distress, "you know +not what you will have to bear, if you join yourself to Him." + +"He has done great things for me already; I am wonderfully changed; I am +not what I was. He will do more still." + +"Alas, my child!" said Ccilius, "that feeble frame, ah! how will it bear +the strong iron, or the keen flame, or the ruthless beast? My child, what +do _I_ feel, who am free, thus handing you over to be the sport of the +evil one?" + +"Father, I have chosen Him," she answered, "not hastily, but on +deliberation. I believe Him most absolutely. Keep me not from Him; give +Him to me, if I may ask it; give me my Love." + +Presently she added, "I have never forgotten those words of yours since +you used them; 'Amor meus crucifixus est.' " + +She began again, "I will be a Christian; give me my place among them. Give +me my place at the feet of Jesus, Son of Mary, my God. I wish to love Him. +I think I can love Him. Make me His." + +"He has loved you from eternity," said Ccilius, "and, therefore, you are +now beginning to love Him." + +She covered her eyes with her hands, and remained in profound meditation. +"I am very ignorant--very sinful," she said at length; "but one thing I +know, that there is but One to love in the whole world, and I wish to love +him. I surrender myself to Him, if He will take me; and He shall teach me +about Himself." + +"The angry multitude, their fierce voices, the brutal executioner, the +prison, the torture, the slow, painful death." He was speaking, not to +her, but to himself. She was calm, in spite of her fervour; but he could +not contain himself. His heart melted within him; he felt like Abraham, +lifting up his hand to slay his child. + +"Time passes," she said; "what may happen? you may be discovered. But, +perhaps," she added, suddenly changing her tone, "it is a matter of long +initiation. Woe is me!" + +"We must gird ourselves to the work, Victor," he said to his deacon who +was with him. Ccilius fell back and sat down, and Victor came forward. He +formally instructed her so far as the circumstances allowed. Not for +baptism only, but for confirmation, and Holy Eucharist; for Ccilius +determined to give her all three sacraments at once. + +It was a sight for angels to look down upon, and they did; when the poor +child, rich in this world's gifts, but poor in those of eternity, knelt +down to receive that sacred stream upon her brow, which fell upon her with +almost sensible sweetness, and suddenly produced a serenity different in +kind from anything she had ever before even had the power of conceiving. + +The bishop gave her confirmation, and then the Holy Eucharist. It was her +first and last communion; in a few days she renewed it, or rather +completed it, under the very Face and Form of Him whom she now believed +without seeing. + +"Farewell, my dearest of children," said Ccilius, "till the hour when we +both meet before the throne of God. A few sharp pangs which you can count +and measure, and all will be well. You will be carried through joyously, +and like a conqueror. I know it. You could face the prospect before you +were a Christian, and you will be equal to the actual trial, now that you +are." + +"Never fear me, father," she said in a clear, low voice. The bishop and +his deacon left the prison. + + + +The sun had all but set, when Ccilius and Victor passed the city gate; +and it was more than twilight as they crossed the wild hills leading to +the precipitous pass. Evil men were not their only peril in this work of +charity. They were also in danger from wild beasts in these lone wastes, +and, the heathen would have added, from bad spirits. Bad spirits Ccilius +recognised too; but he would not have granted that they were perilous. The +two went forward, saying prayers lowly, and singing psalms, when a sudden +cry was heard, and a strong tall form rushed past them. It might be some +robber of the wild, or dangerous outcast, or savage fanatic, who knew and +hated their religion; however, while they stopped and looked, he had come, +and he was gone. But he came again, more slowly; and from his remarkable +shape Ccilius saw that it was the brother of Agellius. He said, "Juba;" +Juba started back, and stood at a distance. Ccilius held out his hand, +and called him on, again mentioning his name. The poor fellow came nearer: +Ccilius's day's work was not at an end. + +Since we last heard of him, Juba had dwelt in the mountainous tract over +which the two Christians were now passing; roaming to and fro, or beating +himself in idle fury against the adamantine rocks, and fighting with the +stern necessity of the elements. How he was sustained can hardly be +guessed, unless the impulse, which led him on the first accession of his +fearful malady, to fly upon the beasts of the desert, served him here +also. Roots too and fruits were scattered over the wild; and still more so +in the ravines, wherever any quantity of soil had been accumulated. Alas! +had the daylight lasted, in him too, as well as in Callista, Ccilius +would have found changes, but of a very different nature; yet even in him +he would have seen a change for the better, for that old awful expression +of pride and defiance was gone. What was the use of parading a self-will, +which every moment of his life belied? His actions, his words, his hands, +his lips, his feet, his place of abode, his daily course, were in the +dominion of another, who inexorably ruled him. It was not the gentle +influence which draws and persuades; it was not the power which can be +propitiated by prayer; it was a tyranny which acted without reaction, +energetic as mind, and impenetrable as matter. + +"Juba," said Ccilius a third time. The maniac came nearer, and then again +suddenly retreated. He stood at a short distance from Ccilius, as if +afraid to come on, and cried out, tossing his hands wildly, "Away, black +hypocrite, come not near me! Away! hound of a priest, cross not my path, +lest I tear you to shreds!" Such visitations were no novelties to +Ccilius; he raised his hand and made the sign of the cross, then he said, +"Come." Juba advanced, shrieked, and used some terrible words, and rushed +upon Ccilius, as if he would treat him as he had treated the savage wolf. +"Come?" he cried, "yes, I come!" and Victor ran up, fearing his teeth +would be in Ccilius's throat, if he delayed longer. The latter stood his +ground, quailing neither in eye nor in limb; he made the sign of the cross +a second time; and in spite of a manifest antagonism within him, the +stricken youth, with horrid cries, came dancing after him. + +Thus they proceeded, with some signs of insurrection from time to time on +Juba's part, but with a successful reduction of it as often on the part of +Ccilius, till they got to the ascent by the olive-trees, where careful +walking was necessary. Then Ccilius turned round, and beckoned him. He +came. He said, "Kneel down." He knelt down. Ccilius put his hand on his +head, saying to him, "Follow me close and without any disturbance." The +three pursued their journey, and all arrived safe at the cavern. There +Ccilius gave Juba in charge to Romanus, who had been intrusted with the +_energumens_ at Carthage. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXII. + + + THE IMPERIAL RESCRIPT. + + +Had the imperial edict been acted on by the magistrates of Sicca, without +a reference to Carthage, it is not easy to suppose that Callista would +have persevered in her refusal to commit the act of idolatry required of +her. But, to speak of second causes, the hesitation of her judges was her +salvation. Once baptised, there was no reason she should desire any +further delay of her conflict. Come it must, and come it did. While +Ccilius was placing her beyond danger, the rescript of the Proconsul had +been received at the office of the Duumvirs. + +The absence of the Proconsul from Carthage had been the cause of the +delay; and then, some investigation was needed to understand the relation +of Callista's seizure to the riot on the one hand, and to the strong act +of the military on the other, in quelling it. It was thought that +something or other might come to light to account for the anomalous and +unaccountable position which she had taken up. The imperial government +considered it had now a clear view of her case, and its orders were +distinct and peremptory. Christianity was to cease to be. It was a subtle +foe, sapping the vitals of the state. Rome must perish, or this illegal +association. Such evasions as Callista had used were but instances of its +craft. Its treason lay, not in its being Christianity, but in its not +sacrificing to the gods of Rome. Callista was but throwing dust in their +eyes. There had been no blow struck against the treason in inland Africa. +Women had often been the most dangerous of conspirators. As she was a +stranger, there was more probability of her connection with secret +societies, and also less inconvenience in her execution. Whatever +happened, she was to be got rid of; but first her resolution was to be +broken, for the sake of the example. First, let her be brought before the +tribunal and threatened: then thrust into the Tullianum; then put upon the +rack, and returned to prison; then scorched over a slow fire; last of all, +beheaded, and left for beasts of prey. She would sacrifice ere the last +stage was reached. When she had given way, let her be given up to the +gladiators. The message ended by saying that the Proconsular Procurator, +who came by the same carriages, would preside at the process. + +O wisdom of the world! and strength of the world! what are you when +matched beside the foolishness and the weakness of the Christian? You are +great in resources, manifold in methods, hopeful in prospects; but one +thing you have not,--and that is peace. You are always tumultuous, +restless, apprehensive. You have nothing you can rely upon. You have no +rock under your feet. But the humblest, feeblest Christian has that which +is impossible to you. Callista had once felt the misery of maladies akin +to yours. She had passed through doubt, anxiety, perplexity, despondency, +passion; but now she was in peace. Now she feared the torture or the flame +as little as the breeze which arose at nightfall, or the busy chatter of +the grasshoppers at the noonday. Nay, rather, she did not think of torture +and death at all, but was possessed by a peace which bore her up, as if +bodily, on its mighty wings. For hours she remained on her knees, after +Ccilius left her: then she lay down on her rushes and slept her last +sleep. + +She slept sound; she dreamed. She thought she was no longer in Africa, but +in her own Greece, more sunny and bright than before; but the inhabitants +were gone. Its majestic mountains, its rich plains, its expanse of waters, +all silent: no one to converse with, no one to sympathize with. And, as +she wandered on and wondered, suddenly its face changed, and its colours +were illuminated tenfold by a heavenly glory, and each hue upon the scene +was of a beauty she had never known, and seemed strangely to affect all +her senses at once, being fragrance and music, as well as light. And there +came out of the grottoes and glens and woods, and out of the seas, myriads +of bright images, whose forms she could not discern; and these came all +around her, and became a sort of scene or landscape, which she could not +have described in words, as if it were a world of spirits, not of matter. +And as she gazed, she thought she saw before her a well-known face, only +glorified. She, who had been a slave, now was arrayed more brilliantly +than an oriental queen; and she looked at Callista with a smile so sweet, +that Callista felt she could but dance to it. + +And as she looked more earnestly, doubting whether she should begin or +not, the face changed, and now was more marvellous still. It had an +innocence in its look, and also a tenderness, which bespoke both Maid and +Mother, and so transported Callista, that she must needs advance towards +her, out of love and reverence. And the lady seemed to make signs of +encouragement: so she began a solemn measure, unlike all dances of earth, +with hands and feet, serenely moving on towards what she heard some of +them call a great action and a glorious consummation, though she did not +know what they meant. At length she was fain to sing as well as dance; and +her words were, "In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the +Holy Ghost;" on which another said, "A good beginning of the sacrifice." +And when she had come close to this gracious figure, there was a fresh +change. The face, the features were the same; but the light of Divinity +now seemed to beam through them, and the hair parted, and hung down long +on each side of the forehead; and there was a crown of another fashion +than the Lady's round about it, made of what looked like thorns. And the +palms of the hands were spread out as if towards her, and there were marks +of wounds in them. And the vestment had fallen, and there was a deep +opening in the side. And as she stood entranced before Him, and +motionless, she felt a consciousness that her own palms were pierced like +His, and her feet also. And she looked round, and saw the likeness of His +face and of His wounds upon all that company. And now they were suddenly +moving on, and bearing something or some one, heavenwards; and they too +began to sing, and their words seemed to be, "Rejoice with Me, for I have +found My sheep," ever repeated. They went up through an avenue or long +grotto, with torches of diamonds, and amethysts, and sapphires, which lit +up its spars and made them sparkle. And she tried to look, but could not +discover what they were carrying, till she heard a very piercing cry, +which awoke her. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXIII. + + + A GOOD CONFESSION. + + +The cry came from the keeper's wife, whom we have described as kindly +disposed to her. She was a Lybo-Phoenician, and spoke a broken Latin; but +the language of sympathy is universal, in spite of Babel. "Callista," she +exclaimed; "girl, they have sent for you; you are to die. O frightful! +worse than a runaway slave,--the torture! Give in. What's the harm? you are +so young: those terrible men with the pincers and hot bars!" + +Callista sat up, and passed from her vision to her prison. She smiled and +said, "I am ready; I am going home." The woman looked almost frightened, +and with some shade of disgust and disappointment. She, as others, might +have thought it impossible, as it was unaccountable, that when it came to +the point Callista would hold out. "She's crazed," she said. "I am ready, +mother," Callista said, and she got up. "You have been very good to me," +she continued; "I have been saying many prayers for you, while my prayers +were of no good, for then He was not mine. But now I have espoused Him, +and am going to be married to-day, and He will hear me." The woman stared +at her stupidly, as much as to make it evident that if afterwards a change +took place in her, as in Callista, that change too, though in so different +a soul, must come of something beyond nature. She had something in her +hand, and said, "It's useless to give a mad woman like her the packet, +which my man has brought me." + +Callista took the packet, which was directed to her, and broke the seal. +It was from her brother. The little roll of worn parchment opened; a +dagger fell out. Some lines were written on the parchment; they were dated +Carthage, and ran as follows:-- + +"Aristo to his dearest Callista. I write through Cornelius. You have not +had it in your power to kill me, but you have taken away half my life. For +me, I will cherish the other half, for I love life better than death. But +you love annihilation; yet, if so, die not like a slave. Die nobly, +mindful of your country; I send you the means." + +Callista was beyond reflecting on anything around her, except as in a sort +of dream. As common men think and speak of heaven, so she now thought and +spoke of earth. "I wish _Him_ to kill me, not myself," she said. "I am His +victim. My brother! I have no brother, except One, who is calling me." + +She was carried to court, and the examination followed. We have already +given a specimen of such a process; here it will be sufficient to make use +of two documents, different in kind, as far as they go, which have come +down to us. The first is an alto-relief, which once was coloured, not +first-rate in art or execution, and of the date of the Emperor +Constantius, about a century later. It was lately discovered in the course +of excavations made at El Kaf, the modern Sicca, on the ruins of a church +or Roman basilica, for the building in question seems to have served each +purpose successively. In this sculpture the prtorium is represented, and +the tribunal of the president in it. The tribunal is a high throne, with +wings curving round on each side, making the whole construction extend to +almost a semicircle, and it is ascended by steps between the wings. The +curule chair is at the top of the steps; and in the middle and above it +are purple curtains, reaching down to the platform, drawn back on each +side, and when drawn close together running behind the chair, and +constituting what was called the _secretarium_. On one side of the +tribunal is a table covered with carpeting, and looking something like a +modern ottoman, only higher, and not level at top; and it has upon it the +Book of Mandates, the sign of jurisdiction. The sword too is represented +in the sculpture, to show a criminal case is proceeding. The procurator is +seated on the chair; he is in purple, and has a gold chain of triple +thread. We can also distinguish his lawyers, whether assessors or +_consiliarii_; also his lictors and soldiers. There, too, are the notaries +in a line below him; they are writing down the judge's questions and the +prisoner's answers: and one of them is turning round to her, as if to make +her speak more loudly. She herself is mounted upon a sort of platform, +called _catasta_, like that on which slaves were put up for sale. Two +soldiers are by her, who appear to have been dragging her forwards. The +executioners are also delineated, naked to the waist, with instruments of +torture in their hands. + + + +The second document is a fragment of the _Acta Proconsularia_ of her +Passion. If, indeed, it could be trusted to the letter, as containing +Callista's answers word for word, it would have a distinctly sacred +character, in consequence of our Lord's words, "It shall be given you in +that hour what to speak." However, we attach no such special value to this +document, since it comes to us through heathen notaries, who may not have +been accurate reporters; not to say that before we did so we ought to look +very carefully into its genuineness. As it is, we believe it to be as true +as any part of our narrative, and not truer. It runs as follows:-- + + + +"Cneius Messius Decius Augustus II., and Gratus, Consuls, on the seventh +before the Calends of August, in Sicca Veneria, a colony, in the Secretary +at the Tribunal, Martianus, procurator, sitting; Callista, a maker of +images, was brought up by the Commentariensis on a charge of Christianity, +and when she was placed, + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: This folly has been too long; you have +made images, and now you will not worship them. + +"CALLISTA answered: For I have found my true Love, whom before I knew not. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: Your true love is, I ween, your last +love; for all were true in their time. + +"CALLISTA said: I worship my true Love, who is the Only True; and He is +the Son of God, and I know none but Him. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: You will not worship the gods, but you +are willing to love their sons. + +"CALLISTA said: He is the true Son of the True God; and I am His, and He +is mine. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: Let alone your loves, and swear by the +genius of the emperor. + +"CALLISTA said: I have but one Lord, the King of kings, the Ruler of all. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, turned to the lictor and said: This folly is +madness; take her hand, put incense in it, and hold it over the flame. + +"CALLISTA said: You may compel me by your great strength, but my own true +Lord and Love is stronger. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: You are bewitched; but we must undo the +spell. Take her to the Lignum (the prison for criminals). + +"CALLISTA said: He has been there before me, and He will come to me there. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: The jailer will see to that. Let her be +brought up to-morrow. + +"On the day following, Martianus, the procurator, sitting at the tribunal, +called up Callista. He said: Honour our lord, and sacrifice to the gods. + +"CALLISTA said: Let me alone; I am content with my One and only Lord. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: What? did he come to you in prison, as +you hoped? + +"CALLISTA said: He came to me amid much pain; and the pain was pleasant, +for He came in it. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: You have got worn and yellow, and he +will leave you. + +"CALLISTA said: He loves me the more, for I am beautiful when I am black. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: Throw her into the Tullianum; perhaps +she will find her god there also. + +"Then the procurator entered into the Secretary, and drew the veil; and +dictated the sentence for the tabella. Then he came out, and the prco +read it:--Callista, a senseless and reprobate woman, is hereby sentenced to +be thrown into the Tullianum; then to be stretched on the equuleus; then +to be placed on a slow fire; lastly, to be beheaded, and left to the dogs +and birds. + +"CALLISTA said: Thanks to my Lord and King." + + + +Here the Acta end: and though they seem to want their conclusion, yet they +supply nearly every thing which is necessary for our purpose. The one +subject on which a comment is needed, is the state prison, which, though +so little is said of it in the above Report, is in fact the real _medium_, +as we may call it, for appreciating its information; a few words will +suffice for our purpose. + +The state prison, then, was arranged on pretty much one and the same plan +through the Roman empire, nay, we may say, throughout the ancient world. +It was commonly attached to the government buildings, and consisted of two +parts. The first was the vestibule, or outward prison, which was a hall, +approached from the prtorium, and surrounded by cells, opening into it. +The prisoners, who were confined in these cells, had the benefit of the +air and light, which the hall admitted. Such was the place of confinement +allotted to St. Paul at Csarea, which is said to be the "prtorium of +Herod." And hence, perhaps, it is that, in the touching Passion of St. +Perpetua and St. Felicitas, St. Perpetua tells us that, when permitted to +have her child, though she was in the inner portion, which will next be +described, "suddenly the prison seemed to her like the prtorium." + +From this vestibule there was a passage into the interior prison, called +Robur or Lignum, from the beams of wood, which were the instruments of +confinement, or from the character of its floor. It had no window or +outlet, except this door, which, when closed, absolutely shut out light +and air. Air, indeed, and coolness might be obtained for it by the +_barathrum_, presently to be spoken of, but of what nature we shall then +see. The apartment, called Lignum, was the place into which St. Paul and +St. Silas were cast at Philippi, before it was known that they were +Romans. After scourging them severely, the magistrates, who nevertheless +were but the local authorities, and had no proper jurisdiction in criminal +cases, "put them in prison, bidding the jailer to keep them carefully; +who, on receiving such a command, put them in the inner prison, and +fastened them in the lignum." And in the Acts of the Scillitane Martyrs we +read of the Proconsul giving sentence, "Let them be thrown into prison, +let them be put into the Lignum, till to-morrow." + +The utter darkness, the heat, and the stench of this miserable place, in +which the inmates were confined day and night, is often dwelt upon by the +martyrs and their biographers. "After a few days," says St. Perpetua, "we +were taken to the prison, and I was frightened, for I never had known such +darkness. O bitter day! the heat was excessive by reason of the crowd +there." In the Acts of St. Pionius, and others of Smyrna, we read that the +jailers "shut them up in the inner part of the prison, so that, bereaved +of all comfort and light, they were forced to sustain extreme torment, +from the darkness and stench of the prison." And, in like manner, other +martyrs of Africa, about the time of St. Cyprian's martyrdom, that is, +eight or ten years later than the date of this story, say, "We were not +frightened at the foul darkness of that place; for soon that murky prison +was radiant with the brightness of the Spirit. What days, what nights we +passed there no words can describe. The torments of that prison no +statement can equal." + +Yet there was a place of confinement even worse than this. In the floor of +this inner prison was a sort of trap-door, or hole, opening into the +_barathrum_, or pit, and called, from the original prison at Rome, the +Tullianum. Sometimes prisoners were confined here, sometimes despatched by +being cast headlong into it through the opening. It was into this pit at +Rome that St. Chrysanthus was cast; and there, and probably in other +cities, it was nothing short of the public cesspool. + +It may be noticed that the Prophet Jeremiah seems to have had personal +acquaintance with Vestibule, Robur, and Barathrum. We read in one place of +his being shut up in the "atrium," that is, the vestibule, "of the prison, +which was in the house of the king." At another time he is in the +"ergastulum," which would seem to be the inner prison. Lastly his enemies +let him down by ropes into the lacus or pit, in which "there was no water, +but mud." + +As to Callista, then, after the first day's examination, she was thrown +for nearly twenty-four hours into the stifling Robur, or inner prison. +After the sentence, on the second day, she was let down, as the +commencement of her punishment, that is, of her martyrdom, into the +loathsome Barathrum, lacus, or pit, called Tullianum, there to lie for +another twenty hours before she was brought out to the equuleus or rack. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXIV. + + + THE MARTYRDOM. + + +Callista had sighed for the bright and clear atmosphere of Greece, and she +was thrown into the Robur and plunged into the Barathrum of Sicca. But in +reality, though she called it Greece, she was panting after a better +country and a more lasting home, and this country and home she had found. +She was now setting out for it. + +It was, indeed, no slight marvel that she was not already there. She had +been lowered into that pit of death before noon on the day of her second +examination, and, excepting some unwholesome bread and water, according to +the custom of the prison, had had no food since she came into the custody +of the _commentariensis_ the day before. The order came from the +magistrates to bring her out earlier in the morning than was intended, or +the prison might have really effected that death which Calphurnius had +purposed to pretend. When the apparitors attempted to raise her, she +neither spoke or moved, nor could well be seen. "Black as Orcus," said one +of the fellows, "another torch there! I can't see where she nestles." +"There she is, like a bundle of clothes," said another. "Madam gets up +late this morning," said a third. "She's used to softer couches," said a +fourth. "Ha! ha! 'tis a spoiler of beauty, this hole," said a fifth. "She +is the demon of stubbornness, and must be crushed," said the jailer; "she +likes it, or she would not choose it." "The plague take the witch," said +another; "we shall have better seasons when a few like her are ferreted +out." + +They got her out like a corpse, and put her on the ground outside the +prison. When she still did not move, two of them took her between them on +their shoulders and arms, and began to move forward, the instrument of +torture preceding her. The fresh air of the morning revived her; she soon +sat up. She seemed to drink in life again, and became conscious. "O +beautiful Light!" she whispered, "O lovely Light, my light and my life! O +my Light and my Life, receive me!" Gradually she became fully alive to all +that was going on. She was going to death, and that rather than deny Him +who had bought her by His own death. He had suffered for her, and she was +to suffer for Him. He had been racked on the Cross, she too was to have +her limbs dislocated after His pattern. She scarcely rested on the men's +shoulders; and they vowed afterwards that they thought she was going to +fly away, vile witch as she was. + +"The witch, the witch," the mob screamed out, for she had now come to the +place of her conflict. "_We'll_ pay you off for blight and pestilence! +Where's our bread, where's the maize and barley, where are the grapes?" +And they uttered fierce yells of execration, and seemed disposed to break +through the line of apparitors, and to tear her to pieces. Yet, after all, +it was not a very hearty uproar, but got up for the occasion. The populace +had spent their force, not to say their lives, in the riot in which she +was apprehended. The priests and priestesses of the temples had sent the +poor wretches and paid them. + +The place of execution was on the north-east of the city, outside the +walls, and towards the mountain. It was where slaves were buried, and it +was as hideous as such spots usually were. The neighbourhood was wild, +open to the beasts of prey, who at night used to descend and feast upon +the corpses. As Callista approached to the scene of her suffering, the +expression of her countenance had so altered that a friend would scarce +have known it. There was a tenderness in it and a modesty which never had +been there in that old time. Her cheek had upon it a blush, as when the +rising sun suddenly touches some grey rock or tower yet it was white and +glistening too, so much so that others might have said it was like silver. +Her eyes were larger than they had been, and gazed steadfastly, as if at +what the multitude did not see. Her lips spoke of sweet peace and deep +composure. When at length she came close upon the rabble, who had been +screaming and yelling so fiercely, men, women, and boys suddenly held +their peace. It was first from curiosity, then from amazement, then from +awe. At length a fear smote through them, and a strange pity and +reverence. They almost seemed inclined to worship what stirred them so +much, they knew not how; a new idea had visited those poor ignorant souls. + +A few minutes sufficed to put the rack into working order. She was laid +down upon its board in her poor bedimmed tunic, which once flashed so +bright in the sun,--she who had been ever so delicate in her apparel. Her +wrists and ankles were seized, extended, fastened to the moveable blocks +at the extremities of the plank. She spoke her last word, "For Thee, my +Lord and Love, for Thee!... Accept me, O my Love, upon this bed of pain! +And come to me, O my Love, make haste and come!" The men turned round the +wheels rapidly to and fro; the joints were drawn out of their sockets, and +then snapped in again. She had fainted. They waited for her coming-to; +they still waited; they got impatient. + +"Dash some water on her," said one. "Spit in her face, and it will do," +said a second. "Prick her with your spike," said a third. "Hold your wild +talk," said a fourth; "she's gone to the shades." They gathered round, and +looked at her attentively. They could not bring her back. So it was: she +had gone to her Lord and her Love. + +"Lay her out for the wolves and vultures," said the _cornicularius_, and +he was going to appoint guards till nightfall, when up came the +_stationarii_ and Calphurnius in high wrath. + +"You dogs!" he cried, "what trick have you been practising against the +soldiers of Rome?" However, expostulation and reproach were bootless; nor +would it answer here to go into the quarrel which ensued over the dead +body. The magistrates, having got scent of Calphurnius's scheme, had +outwitted the tribune by assigning an earlier hour than was usual for the +execution. Life could not be recalled; nor did the soldiers of course dare +publicly to disobey the Proconsul's order for the exposure of the corpse. +All that could be done, they did. They took her down with rude reverence +from the rack, and placed her on the sand; and then they set guards to +keep off the rabble, and to avail themselves of any opportunity which +might occur to show consideration towards her. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXV. + + + THE CORPO SANTO. + + +The sun of Africa has passed over the heavens, but has not dared with one +of his fierce rays to profane the sacred relics which lie out before him. +The mists of evening rise up, and the heavy dews fall, but they neither +bring the poison of decay to that gracious body, nor receive it thence. +The beasts of the wild are roaming and roaring at a distance, or nigh at +hand: not any one of them presumes to touch her. No vultures may promise +themselves a morning meal from such a victim, as they watch through the +night upon the high crags which overlook her. The stars have come out on +high, and, they too look down upon Callista, as if they were funeral +lights in her honour. Next the moon rises up to see what has been going +on, and edges the black hangings of the night with silver. Yet mourning +and dirge are but of formal observance, when a brave champion has died for +her God. The world of ghosts has as little power over such an one as the +world of nature. No evil spirit has aught to say to her, who has gone in +her baptismal white before the Throne. No penal fire shall be her robe, +who has been carried in her bright _flammeum_ to the Bridal Chamber of the +Lamb. A divine odour fills the air, issuing from that senseless, +motionless, broken frame. A circle of light gleams round her brow, and, +even when the daylight comes again, it there is faintly seen. Her features +have reassumed their former majesty, but with an expression of childlike +innocence and heavenly peace. The thongs have drawn blood at the wrists +and ankles, which has run and soaked into the sand; but angels received +the body from the soldiers when they took it off the rack, and it lies, +sweetly and modestly composed, upon the ground. + +Passers-by stand still and gaze; idlers gather round. The report spreads +in Sicca that neither sun by day, nor moon by night, nor moist atmosphere, +nor beast of prey, has power over the wonderful corpse. Nay, that they +cannot come near it without falling under some strange influence, which +makes them calm and grave, expels bad passions, and allays commotion of +mind. Many come again and again, for the mysterious and soothing effect +she exerts upon them. They cannot talk freely about it to each other, and +are seized with a sacred fear when they attempt to do so. Those who have +merely heard their report without seeing her, say that these men have been +in a grove of the Eumenides, or have suddenly encountered the wolf. The +popular sensation continues and extends; some say it is magical, others +that it is from the great gods. Day sinks again into evening, evening +becomes night; the night wears out, and morning is coming again. + +It begins to dawn: a glimmer is faintly spread abroad, and, mixing with +the dark, makes twilight, which gradually brightens, and the outlines of +nature rise dimly out of the night. Gradually the sacred body comes to +sight; and, as the light grows stronger around it, gradually too the forms +of five men emerge, who had not been there the night before. One is in +front; the rest behind with a sort of bier or litter. They stand on the +mountain side of her, and must have come from the country. It has been a +bold enterprise theirs, to expose themselves to the nightly beasts, and +now again to the rabble and the soldiers. The soldiers are at some little +distance, silent and watchful; such of the rabble as have passed the night +there have had some superstitious object in their stay. They have thought +to get portions of the flesh for magical purposes; a finger, or a tooth, +or some hair, or a portion of her tunic, or the blood-stained rope which +was twisted round her wrist and ankle. + +As the light makes her at length quite visible to the youth on the other +side, who stands by himself with clasped hands and tearful eyes, he +shrinks from the sight. He turns round to his companions who are provided +with a large winding-sheet or pall, and with the help of one of them, to +the surprise of the populace, he spreads it all over the body. And having +done this, he stands again trembling, just for a few seconds, absorbed in +his meditations, praying and weeping, and nerving himself for what is to +follow. Ah, poor Agellius! you have not risen yet to the pitch of triumph; +and other thoughts must be let to range through your breast, other +emotions must spend themselves, before you are prepared simply to rejoice, +exult, and glory in the lifeless form which lies before you. You are upon +a brave work, but your heart is torn while you set hand to it, and you +linger before you begin. + +It was in the pride of her earthly beauty and the full vigour and +elevation of her mind, that he last had seen her. It seemed an age since +that morning, as if a chasm ran between the now and the then, when she so +fascinated him with her presence, and so majestically rebuked him for +bowing to that fascination. Yet on his memory every incident of that +interview was fixed, and was indelible. O why should the great Creator +shatter one of His most admirable works! If the order of the sun and stars +is adorable, if the laws by which earth and sea are kept together mark the +Hand of supreme Wisdom and Power, how much nobler perfection of beauty is +manifested in man! And of human nature itself here was the supereminent +crown, a soul full of gifts, full of greatness, full of intellect, placed +in an outward form, equally surpassing in its kind, and still more +surpassingly excellent from its intimate union and subordination to the +soul, so as almost to be its simple expression; yet this choicest, rarest +specimen of Almighty skill, the Almighty had pitilessly shattered, in +order that it might inherit a higher, an eternal perfection. O mystery of +mysteries, that heaven should not be possibly obtained without such +grinding down and breaking up of our original nature! O mysterious, that +principle in us, whatever it is, and however it came there, which is so +antagonistic to God, which has so spoilt what seems so good, that all must +be undone, and must begin anew! "An enemy hath done this;" and, knowing as +much as this, and no more, we must leave the awful mystery to that day +when all things shall be made light. + +Agellius has not been idle while these thoughts pass through his mind. He +has stooped down and scooped up such portions of the sand as are moistened +with her blood, and has committed them to a small bag which he has taken +out of his bosom. Then without delay, looking round to his attendants, and +signing to them, with two of the party he resolutely crossed over to the +other side of the corpse, covering it from attack, while his two +assistants who were left proceeded quickly to lay hold of it. They had +raised it, laid it on the bier, and were setting off by an unusual track +across the waste, while Agellius, Aspar, and the third were grappling with +some ruffians who had rushed upon them. Few, however, were there as yet to +take part against them, but their cries of alarm were bringing others up, +and the Christians were in growing danger of being worsted and carried +off, when suddenly the soldiers interfered. Under pretence of keeping the +peace, they laid about them with their heavy maces; and so it was, the +blows took effect on the heads and shoulders of the rabble, with but +slight injury to Agellius and his companions. The latter took instant +advantage of the diversion, and vanished out of view by the same +misleading track which their comrades had already chosen. If they, or the +party who had preceded them, came within the range of sight of any +goatherds upon the mountains, we must suppose that angels held those +heathen eyes that they should not recognise them. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXVI. + + + LUX PERPETUA SANCTIS TUIS, DOMINE. + + +The bier and its bearers, and its protectors, have reached the cave in +safety, and pace down the gallery, preceded by its Christian hosts, with +lighted tapers, singing psalms. They place the sacred body before the +altar, and the mass begins. St. Cyprian celebrates, and after the Gospel, +he adds a few words of his own. + +He said that they were engaged in praising, blessing, and exalting the +adorable Grace of God, which had snatched so marvellously a brand out of +the furnace. Benedicamus Patrem et Filium cum Sancto Spiritu. Benedictus, +et laudabilis, et gloriosus, et superexaltatus in scula. Every day doing +marvels and exceeding all that seemed possible in power and love, by new +and still newer manifestations. A Greek had come to Africa to embellish +the shrines of heathenism, to minister to the usurpation of the evil one, +and to strengthen the old ties which connected genius with sin; and she +had suddenly found salvation. But yesterday a poor child of earth, and +to-day an inhabitant of the heavens. But yesterday without God and without +hope; and to-day a martyr with a green palm and golden vestment, +worshipping before the Throne. But yesterday the slave of Satan, and +spending herself on the vanities of time; and to-day drinking of the +never-cloying torrents of bliss everlasting. But yesterday one of a +number, a grain of a vast heap, destined indiscriminately for the flame; +to-day one of the elect souls, written from eternity in the book of life, +and predestined to glory. But yesterday, hungry and thirsty, and restless +for some object worthy an immortal spirit; to-day enjoying the ineffable +ecstasy of the Marriage Feast and the espousals of Emmanuel. But yesterday +tossed about on a sea of opinion; and to-day entranced in the vision of +infallible truth and immutable sanctity. And yet what was she but only one +instance out of ten thousand, of the Almighty and All-manifold Grace of +the Redeemer? And who was there of all of them, there assembled, from the +most heroic down to the humblest beginner, from the authoritative preacher +down to the slave or peasant, but was equally, though in his own way, a +miracle of mercy, and a vessel, once of wrath, if now of glory? Only might +he and all who heard him persevere as they had begun, so that if (as was +so probable) their trial was to be like hers, its issue might be like hers +also. + +St. Cyprian ceased; and, while the deacon opened the _sindon_ for the +offertory, the faithful took up alternately the verses of a hymn, which we +here insert in a most unworthy translation:-- + + "The number of Thine own complete, + Sum up and make an end; + Sift clean the chaff, and house the wheat,-- + And then, O Lord, descend. + + "Descend, and solve by that descent, + This mystery of life; + Where good and ill, together blent, + Wage an undying strife. + + "For rivers twain are gushing still, + And pour a mingled flood; + Good in the very depths of ill-- + Ill in the heart of good. + + "The last are first, the first are last, + As angel eyes behold; + These from the sheepcote sternly cast, + Those welcomed to the fold. + + "No Christian home, no pastor's eye, + No preacher's vocal zeal, + Moved Thy dear martyr to defy + The prison and the wheel. + + "Forth from the heathen ranks she stepped + The forfeit throne to claim + Of Christian souls who had not kept + Their birthright and their name. + + "Grace formed her out of sinful dust; + She knelt a soul defiled; + She rose in all the faith and trust + And sweetness of a child. + + "And in the freshness of that love + She preached by word and deed, + The mysteries of the world above-- + Her new-found glorious creed. + + "And running, in a little hour, + Of life the course complete, + She reached the throne of endless power, + And sits at Jesus' feet. + + "Her spirit there, her body here, + Make one the earth and sky; + We use her name, we touch her bier, + We know her God is nigh." + +The last sentiment of the yet unfinished hymn was receiving an answer +while they sang it. Juba had been brought into the chapel in the hands of +his brother and the exorcists. Since he had been under their care, he had +been, on the whole, calm and manageable, with intervals of wild tempest +and mad terror. He spoke, at times, of an awful incubus weighing on his +chest, which he could not throw off, and said he hoped that they would not +think all the blasphemies he uttered were his own. On this occasion, he +struggled most violently, and shook with distress; and, as they brought +him towards the sacred relics, a thick, cold dew stood upon his brow, and +his features shrank and collapsed. He held back, and exerted himself with +all his might to escape, foaming at the mouth, and from time to time +uttering loud shrieks and horrible words, which disturbed, though they +could not interrupt, the hymn. His bearers persevered; they brought him +close to Callista, and made him touch her feet with his hands. Immediately +he screamed fearfully, and was sent up into the air with such force that +he seemed discharged from some engine of war: then he fell back upon the +earth apparently lifeless. + +The long prayer was ended; the _Sursum corda_ was uttered. Juba raised +himself from the ground. When the words of consecration had been said, he +adored with the faithful. After the mass, his attendants came to him; he +was quite changed; he was quiet, harmless, and silent: the evil spirit had +gone out; but he was an idiot. + +This wonderful deliverance was but the beginning of the miracles which +followed the martyrdom of St. Callista. It may be said to have been the +resurrection of the Church at Sicca. In not many months Decius was killed, +and the persecution ceased there. Castus was appointed bishop, and numbers +began to pour into the fold. The lapsed asked for peace, or at least such +blessings as they could have. Heathens sought to be received. When asked +for their reason, they could only say that Callista's history and death +had affected them with constraining force, and that they could not help +following her steps. Increasing in boldness, as well as numbers, the +Christians cowed both magistrates and mob. The spirit of the populace had +been already broken; and the continual change of masters, and measures +with them, in the imperial government, inflicted a chronic timidity on the +magistracy. A handsome church was soon built, to which Callista's body was +brought, and which remained till the time of the Diocletian persecution. + +Juba attached himself to this church; and, though he could not be taught +even to sweep the sacred pavement, still he never was troublesome or +mischievous. He continued in this state for about ten years. At the end of +that time, one morning, after mass, which he always attended in the church +porch, he suddenly went to the bishop, and asked for baptism. He said that +Callista had appeared to him, and had restored to him his mind. On +conversing with him, the holy Castus found that his recovery was beyond +all doubt: and not knowing how long his lucid state would last, he had no +hesitation, with such instruction as the time admitted, in administering +the sacred rite, as Juba wished. After receiving it, he proceeded to the +tomb, within which lay St. Callista, and remained on his knees before his +benefactress till nightfall. Not even then was he disposed to rise; and so +he was left there for the night. Next morning he was found still in the +attitude of prayer, but lifeless. He had been taken away in his baptismal +robe. + +As to Agellius, if he be the bishop of that name who suffered at Sicca in +his old age, in the persecution of Diocletian, we are possessed in this +circumstance of a most interesting fact to terminate his history withal. +What makes this more likely is, that this bishop is recorded to have +removed the body of St. Callista from its original position, and placed it +under the high altar, at which he said mass daily. After his own +martyrdom, St. Agellius was placed under the high altar also. + + + THE END. + + + THE ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS LIMITED + + + + + + + FOOTNOTES + + +_ 1 Vide_ Oxford transl. of St. Cyprian. + + 2 Here is an anachronism, as regards Arnobius and Lactantius of some + twenty or thirty years. + + 3 Bacon. + + + + + + TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE + + +The author's footnotes have been moved to the end of the volume. + +The following typographical errors were corrected: + + page 10, single quote changed to double quote after "pilum," + page 34, "off?" changed to "off!" + page 42, "tomatos" changed to "tomatoes" + page 69, comma removed after "spirit" + page 135, "lees" changed to "less" + page 137, "do!" changed to "do?" + page 157, single quote changed to double quote after "stronger," + page 181, "aud" changed to "and" + page 201, period changed to question mark after "Carthage" + page 207, "throughont" changed to "throughout" + page 228, "Saturu" changed to "Saturn" + page 230, period added after "best" + page 232, period added after "again" + page 239, "ou" changed to "on" + page 240, "be" changed to "he" + page 248, "you" changed to "your" + page 255, "to" changed to "too" + page 256, "n" changed to "in" + page 263, period changed to comma after "said" + page 278, period changed to question mark after "it" + page 300, period added after "gods" + page 303, single quote added after "do?" + page 310, quote removed before "If", added before "it" + page 313, comma changed to period after "was" + page 333, "corrider" changed to "corridor" + page 347, comma changed to period after "initiation" + page 348, period added after "voice" + page 379, "Jesu's" changed to "Jesus'" + +Variations in spelling (like "jailer" and "jailor", "Asper" and "Aspar", +"Phenician" and "Phoenician", "Thibursicumber" and "Thibursicumbur") and +hyphenation (e.g. "farm-house" and "farmhouse", "goodwill" and +"good-will") were not changed. + + + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALLISTA*** + + + + CREDITS + + +December 13, 2009 + + Project Gutenberg TEI edition 1 + Produced by David Clarke, Stefan Cramme, and the Online + Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This + file was produced from images generously made available by The + Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + + + A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG + + +This file should be named 30664-8.txt or 30664-8.zip. + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + + + http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/0/6/6/30664/ + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one -- the old editions will be +renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one +owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and +you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission +and without paying copyright royalties. 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\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/30664-8.zip b/30664-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..0d67817 --- /dev/null +++ b/30664-8.zip diff --git a/30664-h.zip b/30664-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..962a9ee --- /dev/null +++ b/30664-h.zip diff --git a/30664-h/30664-h.htm b/30664-h/30664-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e3479ac --- /dev/null +++ b/30664-h/30664-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,14842 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" /> +<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> +<meta name="DC.Creator" content="John Henry Cardinal Newman" /> +<meta name="DC.Title" content="Callista" /> +<meta name="DC.Date" content="December 13, 2009" /> +<meta name="DC.Language" content="English" /> +<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="Project Gutenberg" /> +<meta name="DC.Identifier" content="http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/30664" /> +<meta name="DC.Rights" content="This text is in the public domain." /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg EBook of Callista by John Henry Cardinal Newman</title> +<link rel="coverpage" href="images/cover.jpg" /> +<style type="text/css"> + +.tei { margin: 0; padding: 0; + font-size: 100%; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal } + +.block { display: block; } +.inline { display: inline; } +.floatleft { float: left; margin: 1em 2em 1em 0; } +.floatright { float: right; margin: 1em 0 1em 2em; } +.shaded { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + padding: 1em; background-color: #eee; } +.boxed { margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + padding: 1em; border: 1px solid black; } + +body.tei { margin: 4ex 10%; text-align: justify } +div.tei { margin: 2em 0em } +p.tei { margin-top: 0.25em; margin-bottom: 0.25em; text-indent: 1em; } +blockquote.tei { margin: 2em 4em } + +div.tei-lg { margin: 1em 0em; } +div.tei-l { margin: 0em; text-align: left; } +div.tei-tb { text-align: center; } +div.tei-epigraph { margin: 0em 0em 1em 10em; } +div.tei-dateline { margin: 1ex 0em; text-align: right } +div.tei-salute { margin: 1ex 0em; } +div.tei-signed { margin: 1ex 0em; text-align: right } +div.tei-byline { margin: 1ex 0em; } + + /* calculate from size of body = 80% */ +div.tei-marginnote { margin: 0em 0em 0em -12%; width: 11%; float: left; } + +div.tei-sp { margin: 1em 0em 1em 2em } +div.tei-speaker { margin: 0em 0em 1em -2em; + font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0em } +div.tei-stage { margin: 1em 0em; font-weight: normal; font-style: italic } +span.tei-stage { font-weight: normal; font-style: italic } + +div.tei-eg { padding: 1em; + color: black; background-color: #eee } + +hr.doublepage { margin: 4em 0em; height: 5px; } +hr.page { margin: 4em 0em; height: 2px; } + +ul.tei-index { list-style-type: none } + +dl.tei { margin: 1em 0em } + +dt.tei-notelabel { font-weight: normal; text-align: right; + float: left; width: 3em } +dd.tei-notetext { margin: 0em 0em 1ex 4em } + +span.tei-pb { position: absolute; left: 1%; width: 8%; + font-style: normal; } + +span.code { font-family: monospace; font-size: 110%; } + +ul.tei-castlist { margin: 0em; list-style-type: none } +li.tei-castitem { margin: 0em; } +table.tei-castgroup { margin: 0em; } +ul.tei-castgroup { margin: 0em; list-style-type: none; + padding-right: 2em; border-right: solid black 2px; } +*.tei-roledesc { font-style: italic } +*.tei-set { font-style: italic } + +table.rules { border-collapse: collapse; } +table.rules caption, +table.rules th, +table.rules td { border: 1px solid black; } + +table.tei { border-collapse: collapse; } +table.tei-list { width: 100% } + +th.tei-head-table { padding: 0.5ex 1em } + +th.tei-cell { padding: 0em 1em } +td.tei-cell { padding: 0em 1em } + +td.tei-item { padding: 0; font-weight: normal; + vertical-align: top; text-align: left; } +th.tei-label, +td.tei-label { width: 3em; padding: 0; font-weight: normal; + vertical-align: top; text-align: right; } + +th.tei-label-gloss, +td.tei-label-gloss { text-align: left } + +td.tei-item-gloss, +th.tei-headItem-gloss { padding-left: 4em; } + +img.tei-formula { vertical-align: middle; } + +div.fig { display:block; + margin:0 auto; + text-align:center; } + +</style> +</head> +<body class="tei"> + +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + +Project Gutenberg’s Callista by John Henry Cardinal Newman + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Callista + +Author: John Henry Cardinal Newman + +Release Date: December 13, 2009 [Ebook #30664] +Last Updated: June 25, 2019 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALLISTA *** + + + + + + + + + + +</pre> + +<div class="fig" style="width:70%;"> +<img src="images/cover.jpg" style="width:100%;" alt="cover" /><br/><br/> +</div> + + + <div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 3.00em; margin-top: 3.00em"> + +</div><div class="tei tei-titlePage" style="text-align: center"> +<div class="tei tei-pb" style="text-align: center"></div> + +<span class="tei tei-docTitle" style="text-align: center"> + <span class="tei tei-titlePart" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 300%; letter-spacing: 0.12em;">CALLISTA</span></span> + <br /><br /> + <span class="tei tei-titlePart" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 144%">A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY</span></span> +</span> + <br /><br /><br /> + <div class="tei tei-byline" style="text-align: center"> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 90%">BY</span></span><br /><br /> + <span class="tei tei-docAuthor" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 120%">JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN</span></span> + </div> +<br /> +<div class="tei tei-epigraph" style="text-align: right; margin-bottom: 1.80em; margin-left: 9.00em"><div class="tei tei-lg" style="text-align: right; margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Love thy God, and love Him only,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">And thy breast will ne’er be lonely.</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">In that One Great Spirit meet</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">All things mighty, grave, and sweet.</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Vainly strives the soul to mingle</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">With a being of our kind;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Vainly hearts with hearts are twined:</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">For the deepest still is single.</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">An impalpable resistance</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Holds like natures still at distance.</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Mortal: love that Holy One,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Or dwell for aye alone.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 11.20em"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%; font-variant: small-caps">De Vere</span></span></div> +</div></div> + +<span class="tei tei-docEdition" style="text-align: center"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-style: italic">NEW IMPRESSION</span></span></span> +<br /><br /><br /> +<span class="tei tei-docImprint" style="text-align: center"> + <span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 120%">LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.</span></span><br /> + 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON<br /> +NEW YORK AND BOMBAY<br /> +<span class="tei tei-docDate" style="text-align: center">1904</span> +</span> + <br /><br /> + <span class="tei tei-titlePart" style="text-align: center"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 73%; font-style: italic">All rights reserved</span></span></span> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-pb"></div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-style: italic">To</span></span></p> + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-style: italic">HENRY WILLIAM WILBERFORCE.</span></span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">To you alone, who have known me so long, and who love me +so well, could I venture to offer a trifle like this. But +you will recognise the author in his work, and take +pleasure in the recognition.</span></span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="text-align: right; margin-bottom: 1.00em"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: right"><span style="font-style: italic">J. H. N.</span></span></p> + </div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-pb"></div><a name="Pgvii" id="Pgvii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">ADVERTISEMENT.</span></h1> + +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"><p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It is hardly necessary to say that the following +Tale is a simple fiction from beginning to end. +It has little in it of actual history, and not much +claim to antiquarian research; yet it has required +more reading than may appear at first sight. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It is an attempt to imagine and express, from a +Catholic point of view, the feelings and mutual relations +of Christians and heathens at the period to +which it belongs, and it has been undertaken as the +nearest approach which the Author could make to a +more important work suggested to him from a high +ecclesiastical quarter. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-dateline" style="text-align: left"> +<span class="tei tei-date" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-style: italic">September 13, 1855.</span></span></span> +</div></div> +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">POSTSCRIPTS TO LATER EDITIONS.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">February 8, 1856.</span></span>—Since the volume has been in +print, the Author finds that his name has got abroad. +This gives him reason to add, that he wrote great part +of Chapters I., IV., and V., and sketched the character +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pageviii">[pg viii]</span><a name="Pgviii" id="Pgviii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>and fortunes of Juba, in the early spring of 1848. He +did no more till the end of last July, when he suddenly +resumed the thread of his tale, and has been successful +so far as this, that he has brought it to an end. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Without being able to lay his finger upon instances +in point, he has some misgiving lest, from a confusion +between ancient histories and modern travels, +there should be inaccuracies, antiquarian or geographical, +in certain of his minor statements, which +carry with them authority when they cease to be +anonymous. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-tb"> </div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">February 2, 1881.—October, 1888.</span></span>—In a tale such +as this, which professes in the very first sentence of its +Advertisement to be simple fiction from beginning to +end, details may be allowably filled up by the writer’s +imagination and coloured by his personal opinions and +beliefs, the only rule binding on him being this—that +he has no right to contravene acknowledged historical +facts. Thus it is that Walter Scott exercises a poet’s +licence in drawing his Queen Elizabeth and his Claverhouse, +and the author of <span class="tei tei-q">“Romola”</span> has no misgivings +in even imputing hypothetical motives and intentions +to Savonarola. Who, again, would quarrel with Mr. +Lockhart, writing in Scotland, for excluding Pope, or +Bishops, or sacrificial rites from his interesting Tale of +Valerius? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Such was the understanding, as to what I might +do and what I might not, with which I wrote this +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pageix">[pg ix]</span><a name="Pgix" id="Pgix" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>story; and to make it clearer, I added in the later +editions of this Advertisement, that it was written +<span class="tei tei-q">“from a Catholic point of view;”</span> while in the earlier, +bearing in mind the interests of historical truth, and +the anachronism which I had ventured on at page 82 +in the date of Arnobius and Lactantius, I said that +I had not <span class="tei tei-q">“admitted any actual interference with +known facts without notice,”</span> questions of religious +controversy, when I said it, not even coming into my +thoughts. I did not consider my Tale to be in any +sense controversial, but to be specially addressed to +Catholic readers, and for their edification. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +This being so, it was with no little surprise I found +myself lately accused of want of truth, because I have +followed great authorities in attributing to Christians +of the middle of the third century what is certainly +to be found in the fourth,—devotions, representations, +and doctrines, declaratory of the high dignity +of the Blessed Virgin. If I had left out all mention +of these, I should have been simply untrue to my idea +and apprehension of Primitive Christianity. To what +positive and certain facts do I run counter in so doing, +even granting that I am indulging my imagination? +But I have allowed myself no such indulgence; I gave +good reasons long ago, in my <span class="tei tei-q">“Letter to Dr. Pusey”</span> +(pp. 53–76), for what I believe on this matter and +for what I have in <span class="tei tei-q">“Callista”</span> described. +</p> +</div> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagex">[pg x]</span><a name="Pgx" id="Pgx" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="pagexi">[pg xi]</span><a name="Pgxi" id="Pgxi" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">CONTENTS.</span></h1> + + <a name="Pgxii" id="Pgxii" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><table summary="This is a table" cellspacing="0" class="tei tei-table" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em"><colgroup span="3"></colgroup><tbody><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 81%">CHAP.</span></span> + </td> + <td class="tei tei-cell"></td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><span class="tei tei-hi" style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 81%">PAGE</span></span></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">I. + </td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">SICCA VENERIA</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg001" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">1</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">II. + </td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">CHRISTIANITY IN SICCA</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg014" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">14</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">III.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">AGELLIUS IN HIS COTTAGE</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg025" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">25</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">IV.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">JUBA</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg030" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">30</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">V.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">JUCUNDUS AT SUPPER</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg039" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">39</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">VI.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">GOTHS AND CHRISTIANS</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg051" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">51</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">VII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">PERSECUTION IN THE OFFING</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg064" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">64</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">VIII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">THE NEW GENERATION</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg080" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">80</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">IX.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">JUCUNDUS BAITS HIS TRAP</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg092" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">92</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">X.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">THE DIVINE CALLISTA</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg111" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">111</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XI.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">CALLISTA’S PREACHING, AND WHAT CAME OF IT</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg122" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">122</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">A DEATH </td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg135" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">135</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XIII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">AND RESURRECTION</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg145" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">145</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XIV.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">A SMALL CLOUD</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg159" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">159</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XV.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">A VISITATION</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg168" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">168</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XVI.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">WORSE AND WORSE</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg178" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">178</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XVII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">CHRISTIANOS AD LEONES</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg189" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">189</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XVIII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">AGELLIUS FLITS</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg199" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">199</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XIX.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">A PASSAGE OF ARMS</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg212" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">212</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XX.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">HE SHALL NOT LOSE HIS REWARD</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg226" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">226</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXI.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">STARTLING RUMOURS</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg235" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">235</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">JUCUNDUS PROPOUNDS HIS VIEW OF THE SITUATION</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg239" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">239</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXIII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">GURTA</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg256" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">256</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXIV.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">A MOTHER’S BLESSING</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg266" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">266</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXV.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">CALLISTA IN DURANCE</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg274" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">274</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXVI.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">WHAT CAN IT ALL MEAN?</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg281" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">281</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXVII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">AM I A CHRISTIAN?</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg291" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">291</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"> XXVIII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">A SICK CALL</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg305" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">305</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXIX.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">CONVERSION</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg317" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">317</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXX.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">TORRES VEDRAS</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg329" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">329</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXXI.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">THE BAPTISM</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg343" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">343</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXXII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">THE IMPERIAL RESCRIPT</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg352" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">352</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXXIII.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">A GOOD CONFESSION</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg357" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">357</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXXIV.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">THE MARTYRDOM</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg366" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">366</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXXV.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">THE CORPO SANTO</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg371" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">371</a></td> + </tr><tr class="tei tei-row"> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right">XXXVI.</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell">LUX PERPETUA SANCTIS TUIS, DOMINE</td> + <td class="tei tei-cell" style="text-align: right"><a href="#Pg377" class="tei tei-ref" style="text-align: right">377</a></td> + </tr></tbody></table> + +</div> +<hr class="doublepage" /><div class="tei tei-body" style="margin-bottom: 6.00em; margin-top: 6.00em"> + <span class="tei tei-pb" id="page1">[pg 1]</span><a name="Pg001" id="Pg001" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">CALLISTA;</span></h1> + +<h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY.</span></h1> + + <div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<a name="toc1" id="toc1"></a><a name="pdf2" id="pdf2"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER I.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">SICCA VENERIA.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +In no province of the vast Roman empire, as it +existed in the middle of the third century, did Nature +wear a richer or a more joyous garb than she displayed +in Proconsular Africa, a territory of which +Carthage was the metropolis, and Sicca might be +considered the centre. The latter city, which was the +seat of a Roman colony, lay upon a precipitous or +steep bank, which led up along a chain of hills to a +mountainous track in the direction of the north and +east. In striking contrast with this wild and barren +region was the view presented by the west and south, +where for many miles stretched a smiling champaign, +exuberantly wooded, and varied with a thousand hues, +till it was terminated at length by the successive tiers +of the Atlas, and the dim and fantastic forms of the +Numidian mountains. The immediate neighbourhood +of the city was occupied by gardens, vineyards, corn-<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page2">[pg 2]</span><a name="Pg002" id="Pg002" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>fields, and meadows, crossed or encircled here by noble +avenues of trees or the remains of primeval forests, +there by the clustering groves which wealth and luxury +had created. This spacious plain, though level when +compared with the northern heights by which the city +was backed, and the peaks and crags which skirted +the southern and western horizon, was discovered, as +light and shadow travelled with the sun, to be diversified +with hill and dale, upland and hollow; while +orange gardens, orchards, olive and palm plantations +held their appropriate sites on the slopes or the bottoms. +Through the mass of green, which extended still more +thickly from the west round to the north, might be +seen at intervals two solid causeways tracking their +persevering course to the Mediterranean coast, the one +to the ancient rival of Rome, the other to Hippo +Regius in Numidia. Tourists might have complained +of the absence of water from the scene; but the native +peasant would have explained to them that the eye +alone had reason to be discontented, and that the thick +foliage and the uneven surface did but conceal what +mother earth with no niggard bounty supplied. The +Bagradas, issuing from the spurs of the Atlas, made +up in depth what it wanted in breadth of bed, and +ploughed the rich and yielding mould with its rapid +stream, till, after passing Sicca in its way, it fell into +the sea near Carthage. It was but the largest of a +multitude of others, most of them tributaries to it, +deepening as much as they increased it. While channels +had been cut from the larger rills for the irrigation +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page3">[pg 3]</span><a name="Pg003" id="Pg003" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>of the open land, brooks, which sprang up in the gravel +which lay against the hills, had been artificially banked +with cut stones or paved with pebbles; and where +neither springs nor rivulets were to be found, wells had +been dug, sometimes to the vast depth of as much as +200 fathoms, with such effect that the spurting column +of water had in some instances drowned the zealous +workmen who had been the first to reach it. And, +while such were the resources of less favoured localities +or seasons, profuse rains descended over the whole +region for one half of the year, and the thick summer +dews compensated by night for the daily tribute extorted +by an African sun. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +At various distances over the undulating surface, +and through the woods, were seen the villas and the +hamlets of that happy land. It was an age when the +pride of architecture had been indulged to the full; +edifices, public and private, mansions and temples, ran +off far away from each market-town or borough, as +from a centre, some of stone or marble, but most of +them of that composite of fine earth, rammed tight by +means of frames, for which the Saracens were afterwards +famous, and of which specimens remain to this +day, as hard in surface, as sharp at the angles, as +when they first were finished. Every here and there, +on hill or crag, crowned with basilicas and temples, +radiant in the sun, might be seen the cities of the +province or of its neighbourhood, Thibursicumber, +Thugga, Laribus, Siguessa, Sufetula, and many others; +while in the far distance, on an elevated table-land +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page4">[pg 4]</span><a name="Pg004" id="Pg004" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>under the Atlas, might be discerned the Colonia +Scillitana, famous about fifty years before the date of +which we write for the martyrdom of Speratus and his +companions, who were beheaded at the order of the +proconsul for refusing to swear by the genius of Rome +and the emperor. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +If the spectator now takes his stand, not in Sicca +itself, but about a quarter of a mile to the south-east, +on the hill or knoll on which was placed the cottage of +Agellius, the city itself will enter into the picture. Its +name, Sicca Veneria, if it be derived (as some suppose) +from the Succoth benoth, or <span class="tei tei-q">“tents of the daughters,”</span> +mentioned by the inspired writer as an object of pagan +worship in Samaria, shows that it owed its foundation +to the Phœnician colonists of the country. At any +rate, the Punic deities retained their hold upon the +place; the temples of the Tyrian Hercules and of +Saturn, the scene of annual human sacrifices, were +conspicuous in its outline, though these and all other +religious buildings in it looked small beside the mysterious +antique shrine devoted to the sensual rites of +the Syrian Astarte. Public baths and a theatre, a +capitol, imitative of Rome, a gymnasium, the long outline +of a portico, an equestrian statue in brass of the +Emperor Severus, were grouped together above the +streets of a city, which, narrow and winding, ran up +and down across the hill. In its centre an extraordinary +spring threw up incessantly several tons of water +every minute, and was inclosed by the superstitious +gratitude of the inhabitants with the peristylium of a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page5">[pg 5]</span><a name="Pg005" id="Pg005" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>sacred place. At the extreme back, towards the north, +which could not be seen from the point of view where +we last stationed ourselves, there was a sheer descent +of rock, bestowing on the city, when it was seen at a +distance on the Mediterranean side, the same bold and +striking appearance which attaches to Castro Giovanni, +the ancient Enna, in the heart of Sicily. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +And now, withdrawing our eyes from the panorama, +whether in its distant or nearer objects, if we +would at length contemplate the spot itself from which +we have been last surveying it, we shall find almost +as much to repay attention, and to elicit admiration. +We stand in the midst of a farm of some wealthy proprietor, +consisting of a number of fields and gardens, +separated from each other by hedges of cactus or the +aloe. At the foot of the hill, which sloped down on +the side furthest from Sicca to one of the tributaries +of the rich and turbid river of which we have spoken, +a large yard or garden, intersected with a hundred +artificial rills, was devoted to the cultivation of the +beautiful and odoriferous <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">khennah</span></span>. A thick grove of +palms seemed to triumph in the refreshment of the +water’s side, and lifted up their thankful boughs towards +heaven. The barley harvest in the fields +which lay higher up the hill was over, or at least was +finishing; and all that remained of the crop was the +incessant and importunate chirping of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">cicadæ</span></span>, and +the rude booths of reeds and bulrushes, now left to +wither, in which the peasant boys found shelter from +the sun, while in an earlier month they frightened +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page6">[pg 6]</span><a name="Pg006" id="Pg006" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>from the grain the myriads of linnets, goldfinches, +and other small birds who, as in other countries, contested +with the human proprietor the possession of it. +On the south-western slope lies a neat and carefully +dressed vineyard, the vine-stakes of which, dwarfish +as they are, already cast long shadows on the eastern +side. Slaves are scattered over it, testifying to the +scorching power of the sun by their broad <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">petasus</span></span>, +and to its oppressive heat by the scanty <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">subligarium</span></span>, +which reached from the belt or girdle to the knees. +They are engaged in cutting off useless twigs to +which the last showers of spring have given birth, +and are twisting those which promise fruit into +positions where they will be safe both from the +breeze and from the sun. Everything gives token +of that gracious and happy season which the great +Latin poets have hymned in their beautiful but +heathen strains; when, after the heavy rains, and +raw mists, and piercing winds, and fitful sun-gleams +of a long six months, the mighty mother manifests +herself anew, and pours out the resources of her +innermost being for the life and enjoyment of every +portion of the vast whole;—or, to apply the lines of a +modern bard— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 6.40em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">When the bare earth, till now</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Desert and bare, unsightly, unadorned,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Brings forth the tender grass, whose verdure clads</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Her universal face with pleasant green;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Then herbs of every leaf, that sudden flower,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Opening their various colours, and make gay</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Her bosom, swelling sweet; and, these scarce blown,</span></div> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page7">[pg 7]</span><a name="Pg007" id="Pg007" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Forth flourishes the clustering vine, forth creeps</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">The swelling gourd, up stands the corny reed</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Embattled in her fields, and the humble shrub,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">And bush with frizzled hair implicit; last</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Rise, as in dance, the stately trees, and spread</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Their branches hung with copious fruit, or gem</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Their blossoms; with high woods the hills are crowned</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">With tufts the valleys, and each fountain side</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">With borders long the rivers; that earth now</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Seems like to heaven, a seat where gods might dwell,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Or wander with delight, and love to haunt</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Her sacred shades.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +A snatch from some old Greek chant, with something +of plaintiveness in the tone, issues from the +thicket just across the mule-path, cut deep in the +earth, which reaches from the city gate to the +streamlet; and a youth, who had the appearance of +the assistant bailiff or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">procurator</span></span> of the farm, leaped +from it, and went over to the labourers, who were +busy with the vines. His eyes and hair and the cast +of his features spoke of Europe; his manner had something +of shyness and reserve, rather than of rusticity; +and he wore a simple red tunic with half sleeves, +descending to the knee, and tightened round him by a +belt. His legs and feet were protected by boots which +came half up his calf. He addressed one of the slaves, +and his voice was gentle and cheerful. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah, Sansar!”</span> he cried, <span class="tei tei-q">“I don’t like your way +of managing these branches so well as my own; but +it is a difficult thing to move an old fellow like you. +You never fasten together the shoots which you don’t +cut off, they are flying about quite wild, and the first +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page8">[pg 8]</span><a name="Pg008" id="Pg008" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>ox that passes through the field next month for the +ploughing will break them off.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He spoke in Latin; the man understood it, and +answered him in the same language, though with +deviations from purity of accent and syntax, not +without parallel in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">talkee-talkee</span></span> of the West Indian +negro. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ay, ay, master,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“ay, ay; but it’s all a +mistake to use the plough at all. The fork does the +work much better, and no fear for the grape. I hide +the tendril under the leaf against the sun, which is +the only enemy we have to consider.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah! but the fork does not raise so much dust as +the plough and the heavy cattle which draw it,”</span> returned +Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“and the said dust does more for +the protection of the tendril than the shade of the +leaf.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“But those huge beasts,”</span> retorted the slave, <span class="tei tei-q">“turn +up great ridges, and destroy the yard.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It’s no good arguing with an old vinedresser, who +had formed his theory before I was born,”</span> said +Agellius good-humouredly; and he passed on into a +garden beyond. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Here were other indications of the happy month +through which the year was now travelling. The +garden, so to call it, was a space of several acres in +extent; it was one large bed of roses, and preparation +was making for extracting their essence, for +which various parts of that country are to this day +celebrated. Here was another set of labourers, and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page9">[pg 9]</span><a name="Pg009" id="Pg009" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>a man of middle age was surveying them at his leisure. +His business-like, severe, and off-hand manner bespoke +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">villicus</span></span> or bailiff himself. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Always here,”</span> said he, <span class="tei tei-q">“as if you were a slave, +not a Roman, my good fellow; yet slaves have their +Saturnalia; always serving, not worshipping the all-bounteous +and all-blessed. Why are you not taking +holiday in the town?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why should I, sir?”</span> asked Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“don’t you +recollect old Hiempsal’s saying about <span class="tei tei-q">‘one foot in +the slipper, and one in the shoe.’</span> Nothing would be +done well if I were a town-goer. You engaged me, +I suppose, to be here, not there.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah!”</span> answered he, <span class="tei tei-q">“but at this season the empire, +the genius of Rome, the customs of the country, +demand it, and above all the great goddess Astarte +and her genial, jocund month. <span class="tei tei-q">‘Parturit almus ager;’</span> +you know the verse; do not be out of tune with +Nature, nor clash and jar with the great system of +the universe.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +A cloud of confusion, or of distress, passed over +Agellius’s face. He seemed as if he wished to speak; +at length he merely said, <span class="tei tei-q">“It’s a fault on the right side +in a servant, I suppose.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I know the way of your people,”</span> Vitricus replied, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Corybantians, Phrygians, Jews, what do you call +yourselves? There are so many fantastic religions +now-a-days. Hang yourself outright at your house-door, +if you are tired of living—and you are a sensible +fellow. How can any man, whose head sits right upon +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page10">[pg 10]</span><a name="Pg010" id="Pg010" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>his shoulders, say that life is worth having, and not +worth enjoying?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am a quiet being,”</span> answered Agellius, <span class="tei tei-q">“I like the +country, which you think so tame, and care little for +the flaunting town. Tastes differ.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Town! you need not go to Sicca,”</span> answered the +bailiff, <span class="tei tei-q">“all Sicca is out of town. It has poured into +the fields, and groves, and river side. Lift up your +eyes, man alive, open your ears, and let pleasure flow +in. Be passive under the sweet breath of the goddess, +and she will fill you with ecstasy.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was as Vitricus had said; the solemn feast-days +of Astarte were in course of celebration; of Astarte, +the well-known divinity of Carthage and its dependent +cities, whom Heliogabalus had lately introduced to +Rome, who in her different aspects was at once Urania, +Juno, and Aphrodite, according as she embodied the +idea of the philosopher, the statesman, or the vulgar; +lofty and intellectual as Urania, majestic and commanding +as Juno, seductive as the goddess of sensuality +and excess. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“There goes the son of as good and frank a soldier +as ever brandished <a name="corr010" id="corr010" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">pilum,</span>”</span> said Vitricus to himself, +<span class="tei tei-q">“till in his last years some infernal god took umbrage +at him, and saddled him and his with one of those +absurd superstitions which are as plentiful here as +serpents. He indeed was too old himself to get much +harm from it; but it shows its sour nature in these +young shoots. A good servant, but the plague’s in +his bones, and he will rot.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page11">[pg 11]</span><a name="Pg011" id="Pg011" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +His subordinate’s reflections were of a different character: +<span class="tei tei-q">“The very air breathes sin to-day,”</span> he cried; +<span class="tei tei-q">“oh that I did not find the taint of the city in these +works of God! Alas! sweet Nature, the child of the +Almighty, is made to do the fiend’s work, and does it +better than the town. O ye beautiful trees and fair +flowers, O bright sun and balmy air, what a bondage +ye are in, and how do ye groan till you are redeemed +from it! Ye are bond-slaves, but not willingly, as +man is; but how will you ever be turned to nobler +purpose? How is this vast, this solid establishment of +error, the incubus of many thousand years, ever to +have an end? You yourselves, dear ones, will come +to nought first. Anyhow, the public way is no place +for me this evening. They’ll soon be back from their +accursed revelry.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +A sound of horns and voices had been heard from +time to time through the woods, as if proceeding from +parties dispersed through them; and in the growing +twilight might be seen lights, glancing and wandering +through the foliage. The cottage in which Agellius +dwelt was on the other side of the hollow bridle-way +which crossed the hill. To make for home he had +first to walk some little distance along it; and +scarcely had he descended into it for that purpose, +when he found himself in the front of a band of +revellers, who were returning from some scene of +impious festivity. They were arrayed in holiday +guise, as far as they studied dress at all; the symbols +of idolatry were on their foreheads and arms; +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page12">[pg 12]</span><a name="Pg012" id="Pg012" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>some of them were intoxicated, and most of them were +women. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why have you not been worshipping, young +fellow?”</span> said one. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Comely built,”</span> said another, <span class="tei tei-q">“but struck by the +furies. I know the cut of him.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“By Astarte,”</span> said a third, <span class="tei tei-q">“he’s one of those sly +Gnostics! I have seen the chap before, with his hangdog +look. He is one of Pluto’s whelps, first cousin to +Cerberus, and his name’s Channibal.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +On which they all began to shout out, <span class="tei tei-q">“I say, +Channibal, Channibal, here’s a lad that knows you. +Old fellow, come along with us;”</span> and the speaker +made a dash at him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +On this Agellius, who was slowly making his way +past them on the broken and steep path, leapt up in +two or three steps to the ridge, and went away in +security; when one woman cried out, <span class="tei tei-q">“O the toad, I +know him now; he is a wizard; he eats little children; +didn’t you see him make that sign? it’s a charm. My +sister did it; the fool left me to be one of them. She +was ever doing so”</span> (mimicking the sign of the cross). +<span class="tei tei-q">“He’s a Christian, blight him! he’ll turn us into +beasts.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Cerberus, bite him!”</span> said another, <span class="tei tei-q">“he sucks +blood;”</span> and taking up a stone, she made it whiz past +his ear as he disappeared from view. A general +scream of contempt and hatred followed. <span class="tei tei-q">“Where’s +the ass’s head? put out the lights, put out the lights! +gibbet him! that’s why he has not been with honest +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page13">[pg 13]</span><a name="Pg013" id="Pg013" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>people down in the vale.”</span> And then they struck up +a blasphemous song, the sentiments of which we are +not going even to conceive, much less to attempt in +words. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page14">[pg 14]</span><a name="Pg014" id="Pg014" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc3" id="toc3"></a><a name="pdf4" id="pdf4"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER II.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">CHRISTIANITY IN SICCA.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The revellers went on their way; Agellius went +on his, and made for his lowly and lonely cottage. +He was the elder of the two sons of a Roman legionary +of the Secunda Italica, who had settled with them in +Sicca, where he lost their mother, and died, having in +his old age become a Christian. The fortitude of some +confessors at Carthage in the persecution of Severus +had been the initial cause of his conversion. He +had been posted as one of their guards, and had +attended them to the scene of their martyrdom, +in addition to the civil force, to whom in the proconsulate +the administration of the law was committed. +Therefore, happily for him, it could not fall to his +duty to be their executioner, a function which, however +revolting to his feelings, he might not have had courage +to decline. He remained a pagan, though he could not +shake off the impression which the martyrs had made +upon him; and, after completing his time of service, he +retired to the protection of some great friends in Sicca, +his brother’s home already. Here he took a second +wife of the old Numidian stock, and supported himself +by the produce of a small piece of land which had +been given to him for life by the imperial government. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page15">[pg 15]</span><a name="Pg015" id="Pg015" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>If trial were necessary in order to keep alive the good +seed which had been sown in his heart, he found a +never-failing supply of that article in the companion of +his declining years. In the hey-day of her youth she +might have been fitted to throw a sort of sunshine, or +rather torchlight, on a military carouse; but now, when +poor Strabo, a man well to do in the world, looking +for peace, had fallen under her arts, he found he had +surrendered his freedom to a malignant, profligate +woman, whose passions made her better company for +evil spirits than for an invalided soldier. Indeed, as +time went on, the popular belief, which she rather +encouraged, went to the extent that she actually did +hold an intercourse with the unseen world; and certainly +she matured in a hatred towards God and man, +which would naturally follow, and not unnaturally +betoken, such intercourse. The more, then, she +inflicted on him her proficiency in these amiable +characteristics, the more he looked out for some consolation +elsewhere; and the more she involved herself +in the guilt or the repute of unlawful arts, the more +was he drawn to that religion, where alone to commune +with the invisible is to hold intercourse with +heaven, not with hell. Whether so great a trial +supplied a more human inducement for looking +towards Christianity, it is impossible to say. Most +men, certainly Roman soldiers, may be considered to +act on mixed motives; but so it was in fact, that, on +his becoming in his last years a Christian, he found, +perhaps discovered, to his great satisfaction, that the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page16">[pg 16]</span><a name="Pg016" id="Pg016" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Church did not oblige him to continue or renew a tie +which bound him to so much misery, and that he +might end his days in a tranquillity which his past +life required, and his wife’s presence would have +precluded. He made a good end; he had been +allowed to take the blessed sacrament from the altar +to his own home on the last time he had been able +to attend a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">synaxis</span></span> of the faithful, and thus had +communicated at least six months within his decease; +and the priest who anointed him at the beginning of +his last illness also took his confession. He died, +begging forgiveness of all whom he had injured, and +giving large alms to the poor. This was about the +year 236, in the midst of that long peace of the +Church, which was broken at length by the Decian +persecution. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +This peace of well-nigh fifty years had necessarily +a peculiar, and not a happy effect upon the Christians +of the proconsulate. They multiplied in the greater +and the maritime cities, and made their way into +positions of importance, whether in trade or the +governmental departments; they extended their +family connections, and were on good terms with the +heathen. Whatever jealousy might be still cherished +against the Christian name, nevertheless, individual +Christians were treated with civility, and recognised +as citizens; though among the populace there would +be occasions, at the time of the more solemn pagan +feasts, when accidental outbursts might be expected +of the antipathy latent in the community, as we have +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page17">[pg 17]</span><a name="Pg017" id="Pg017" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>been recording in the foregoing chapter. Men of +sense, however, began to understand them better, and +to be more just to the reasonableness of their faith. +This would lead them to scorn Christianity less, but +it would lead them to fear it more. It was no longer +a matter merely for the populace to insult, but for +government deliberately to put down. The prevailing +and still growing unbelief among the lower classes +of the population did but make a religion more +formidable, which, as heathen statesmen felt, was +able to wield the weapons of enthusiasm and zeal +with a force and success unknown even to the most +fortunate impostors among the Oriental or Egyptian +hierophants. The philosophical schools were impressed +with similar apprehensions, and had now for +fifty years been employed in creating and systematising +a new intellectual basis for the received paganism. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +But, while the signs of the times led to the anticipation +that a struggle was impending between the +heads of the state religion and of the new worship which +was taking its place, the great body of Christians, +laymen and ecclesiastics, were on better and better +terms, individually, with the members of society, or +what is now called the public; and without losing +their faith or those embers of charity which favourable +circumstances would promptly rekindle, were, +it must be confessed, in a state of considerable relaxation; +they often were on the brink of deplorable +sins, and sometimes fell over the brink. And many +would join the Church on inferior motives as soon as +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page18">[pg 18]</span><a name="Pg018" id="Pg018" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>no great temporal disadvantage attached to the act; +or the families of Christian parents might grow up +with so little of moral or religious education as to +make it difficult to say why they called themselves +members of a divine religion. Mixed marriages would +increase both the scandal and the confusion. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“A long repose,”</span> says St. Cyprian, speaking of +this very period, <span class="tei tei-q">“had corrupted the discipline which +had come down to us. Every one was applying +himself to the increase of wealth; and, forgetting +both the conduct of the faithful under the Apostles, +and what ought to be their conduct in every age, +with insatiable eagerness for gain devoted himself to +the multiplying of possessions. The priests were +wanting in religious devotedness, the ministers in +entireness of faith; there was no mercy in works, no +discipline in manners. Men wore their beards disfigured, +and woman dyed their faces. Their eyes +were changed from what God made them, and a lying +colour was passed upon the hair. The hearts of the +simple were misled by treacherous artifices, and +brethren became entangled in seductive snares. Ties +of marriage were formed with unbelievers; members +of Christ abandoned to the heathen. Not only rash +swearing was heard, but even false; persons in high +place were swollen with contemptuousness; poisoned +reproaches fell from their mouths, and men were +sundered by unabating quarrels. Numerous bishops, +who ought to be an encouragement and example to +others, despising their sacred calling, engaged them<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page19">[pg 19]</span><a name="Pg019" id="Pg019" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>selves in secular vocations, relinquished their sees, +deserted their people, strayed among foreign provinces, +hunted the markets for mercantile profits, and +tried to amass large sums of money, while they had +brethren starving within the Church; took possession +of estates by fraudulent proceedings, and multiplied +their gains by accumulated usuries.”</span><a id="noteref_1" name="noteref_1" href="#note_1"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">1</span></span></a> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The relaxation which would extend the profession +of Christianity in the larger cities would contract or +extinguish it in remote or country places. There +would be little zeal to keep up Churches, which could +not be served without an effort or without secular loss. +Carthage, Utica, Hippo, Milevis, or Curubis, was a +more attractive residence than the towns with uncouth +African names, which amaze the ecclesiastical student +in the Acts of the Councils. Vocations became scarce; +sees remained vacant; congregations died out. This +was pretty much the case with the Church and see of +Sicca. At the time of which we write, history preserves +no record of any bishop as exercising his pastoral +functions in that city. In matter of fact there +was none. The last bishop, an amiable old man, had +in the course of years acquired a considerable extent +of arable land, and employed himself principally, for +lack of more spiritual occupation, in reaping, stacking, +selling, and sending off his wheat for the Roman +market. His deacon had been celebrated in early +youth for his boldness in the chase, and took part in +the capture of lions and panthers (an act of charity +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page20">[pg 20]</span><a name="Pg020" id="Pg020" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>towards the peasants round Sicca) for the Roman +amphitheatre. No priests were to be found, and the +bishop became <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">parochus</span></span> till his death. Afterwards +infants and catechumens lost baptism; parents lost +faith, or at least love; wanderers lost repentance and +conversion. For a while there was a flourishing meeting-house +of Tertullianists, who had scared more +humble minds by pronouncing the eternal perdition +of every Catholic; there had also been various descriptions +of Gnostics, who had carried off the clever +youths and restless speculators; and then there had +been the lapse of time, gradually consuming the generation +which had survived the flourishing old days +of the African Church. And the result was, that in the +year 250 it was difficult to say of whom the Church +of Sicca consisted. There was no bishop, no priest, +no deacon. There was the old <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">mansionarius</span></span> or +sacristan; there were two or three pious women, +married or single, who owed their religion to good +mothers; there were some slaves who kept to their +faith, no one knew how or why; there were a vast +many persons who ought to be Catholics, but were +heretics, or nothing at all, or all but pagans, and sure +to become pagans on the asking; there were Agellius +and his brother Juba, and how far these two had a +claim to the Christian name we now proceed to +explain. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +They were about the ages of seven and eight when +their father died, and they fell under the guardianship +of their uncle, whose residence at Sicca had been one +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page21">[pg 21]</span><a name="Pg021" id="Pg021" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>of the reasons which determined Strabo to settle there. +This man, being possessed of some capital, drove a +thriving trade in idols, large and small, amulets, and +the like instruments of the established superstition. +His father had come to Carthage in the service of one +of the assessors of the proconsul of the day; and his +son, finding competition ran too high to give him prospect +of remuneration in the metropolis, had opened +his statue-shop in Sicca. Those modern arts which +enable an English town in this day to be so fertile in +the production of ware of this description for the +markets of the pagan East, were then unknown; +and Jucundus depended on certain artists whom he +imported, especially on two Greeks, brother and sister, +who came from some isle on the Asian coast, for the +supply of his trade. He was a good-natured man, +self-indulgent, positive, and warmly attached to the +reigning paganism, both as being the law of the land +and the vital principle of the state; and, while he was +really kind to his orphan nephews, he simply abominated, +as in duty bound, the idiotic cant and impudent +fee-fa-fum, to which, in his infallible judgment, poor +old Strabo had betrayed his children. He would +have restored them, you may be quite sure, to their +country and to their country’s gods, had they +acquiesced in the restoration: but in different ways +these little chaps, and he shook his head as he said +it, were difficult to deal with. Agellius had a very +positive opinion of his own on the matter; and as for +Juba, though he had no opinion at all, yet he had an +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page22">[pg 22]</span><a name="Pg022" id="Pg022" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>equally positive aversion to have thrust on him by +another any opinion at all, even in favour of paganism. +He had remained in his catechumen state since he +grew up, because he found himself in it; and though +nothing would make him go forward in his profession of +Christianity, no earthly power would be able to make +him go back. So there he was, like a mule, struck fast +in the door of the Church, and feeling a gratification +in his independence of mind. However, whatever his +profession might be, still, as time went on, he plainly +took after his step-mother, renewed his intercourse with +her after his father’s death, and at length went so far +as to avow that he believed in nothing but the devil, +if even he believed in him. It was scarcely safe, however, +to affirm that the senses of this hopeful lad were +his own. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius, on the other hand, when a boy of six +years old, had insisted on receiving baptism; had perplexed +his father by a manifestation of zeal to which +the old man was a stranger; and had made the good +bishop lose the corn-fleet which was starting for Italy +from his importunity to learn the Catechism. Baptized +he was, confirmed, communicated; but a boy’s nature +is variable, and by the time Agellius had reached adolescence, +the gracious impulses of his childhood had in +some measure faded away, though he still retained his +faith in its first keenness and vigour. But he had no +one to keep him up to his duty; no exhortations, no +example, no sympathy. His father’s friends had taken +him up so far as this, that by an extraordinary favour +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page23">[pg 23]</span><a name="Pg023" id="Pg023" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>they had got him a lease for some years of the property +which Strabo, a veteran soldier, had held of +the imperial government. The care of this small +property fell upon him, and another and more serious +charge was added to it. The long prosperity of the +province had increased the opulence and enlarged the +upper class of Sicca. Officials, contractors, and servants +of the government had made fortunes, and +raised villas in the neighbourhood of the city. Natives +of the place, returning from Rome, or from provincial +service elsewhere, had invested their gains in long +leases of state lands, or of the farms belonging to the +imperial <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">res privata</span></span> or privy purse, and had become +virtual proprietors of the rich fields or beautiful +gardens in which they had played as children. One of +such persons, who had had a place in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">officium</span></span> of +the quæstor, or rather procurator, as he began to be +called, was the employer of Agellius. His property +adjoined the cottage of the latter; and, having first +employed the youth from recollection of his father, he +confided to him the place of under-bailiff from the +talents he showed for farm-business. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Such was his position at the early age of twenty-two; +but honourable as it was in itself, and from the +mode in which it was obtained, no one would consider +it adapted, under the circumstances, to counteract the +religious languor and coldness which had grown upon +him. And in truth he did not know where he stood +further than that he was firm in faith, as we have said, +and had shrunk from a boy upwards, from the vice +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page24">[pg 24]</span><a name="Pg024" id="Pg024" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>and immorality which was the very atmosphere of +Sicca. He might any day be betrayed into some fatal +inconsistency, which would either lead him into sin, or +oblige him abruptly to retrace his steps, and find a +truer and safer position. He was not generally +known to be a Christian, at least for certain, though +he was seen to keep clear of the established religion. +It was not that he hid, so much as that the world did +not care to know, what he believed. In that day there +were many rites and worships which kept to themselves—many +forms of moroseness or misanthropy, as +they were considered, which withdrew their votaries +from the public ceremonial. The Catholic faith +seemed to the multitude to be one of these; it was +only in critical times, when some idolatrous act was +insisted on by the magistrate, that the specific nature +of Christianity was tested and detected. Then at +length it was seen to differ from all other religious +varieties by that irrational and disgusting obstinacy, as +it was felt to be, which had rather suffer torments and +lose life than submit to some graceful, or touching, or +at least trifling observance which the tradition of ages +had sanctioned. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page25">[pg 25]</span><a name="Pg025" id="Pg025" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc5" id="toc5"></a><a name="pdf6" id="pdf6"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER III.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">AGELLIUS IN HIS COTTAGE.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The cottage for which Agellius was making, when +last we had sight of him, was a small brick house consisting +of one room, with a loft over it, and a kitchen +on the side, not very unlike that holy habitation which +once contained the Eternal Word in human form with +His Virgin Mother, and Joseph, their guardian. It was +situated on the declivity of the hill, and, unlike the +gardens of Italy, the space before it was ornamented +with a plot of turf. A noble palm on one side, in +spite of its distance from the water, and a group of +orange-trees on the other, formed a foreground to the +rich landscape which was described in our opening +chapter. The borders and beds were gay with the +lily, the bacchar, amber-coloured and purple, the +golden abrotomus, the red chelidonium, and the variegated +iris. Against the wall of the house were trained +pomegranates, with their crimson blossoms, the star-like +pothos or jessamine, and the symbolical passionflower, +which well became a Christian dwelling. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +And it was an intimation of what would be found +within; for on one side of the room was rudely painted +a red cross, with doves about it, as is found in early +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page26">[pg 26]</span><a name="Pg026" id="Pg026" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Christian shrines to this day. So long had been the +peace of the Church, that the tradition of persecution +seemed to have been lost; and Christians allowed +themselves in the profession of their faith at home, +cautious as they might be in public places; as freely +as now in England, where we do not scruple to raise +crucifixes within our churches and houses, though we +shrink from doing so within sight of the hundred cabs +and omnibuses which rattle past them. Under the +cross were two or three pictures, or rather sketches. +In the centre stood the Blessed Virgin with hands +spread out in prayer, attended by the holy Apostles +Peter and Paul on her right and left. Under this +representation was rudely scratched upon the wall +the word, <span class="tei tei-q">“Advocata,”</span> a title which the earliest antiquity +bestows upon her. On a small shelf was placed +a case with two or three rolls or sheets of parchment +in it. The appearance of them spoke of use indeed, +but of reverential treatment. These were the Psalms, +the Gospel according to St. Luke, and St. Paul’s +Epistle to the Romans, in the old Latin version. The +Gospel was handsomely covered, and ornamented with +gold. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The apartment was otherwise furnished with such +implements and materials as might be expected in the +cottage of a countryman: one or two stools and +benches for sitting, a table, and in one corner a heap +of dried leaves and rushes, with a large crimson +coverlet, for rest at night. Elsewhere were two millstones +fixed in a frame, with a handle attached to the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page27">[pg 27]</span><a name="Pg027" id="Pg027" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>rim of one of them, for grinding corn. Then again, +garden tools; boxes of seeds; a vessel containing +syrup for assuaging the sting of the scorpion; the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">asir-rese</span></span> or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">anagallis</span></span>, a potent medicine of the class +of poisons, which was taken in wine for the same mischance. +It hung from the beams, with a large bunch +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">atsirtiphua</span></span>, a sort of camomile, smaller in the flower +and more fragrant than our own, which was used as a +febrifuge. Thence, too, hung a plentiful gathering of +dried grapes, of the kind called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">duracinæ</span></span>; and near the +door a bough of the green <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">bargut</span></span> or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">psyllium</span></span>, to drive +away the smaller insects. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Poor Agellius felt the contrast between the ungodly +turmoil from which he had escaped, and the deep +stillness into which he now had entered; but neither +satisfied him quite. There was no repose out of +doors, and no relief within. He was lonely at home, +lonely in the crowd. He needed the sympathy of his +kind; hearts which might beat with his heart; friends +with whom he might share his joys and griefs; +advisers whom he might consult; minds like his own, +who would understand him—minds unlike his own, +who would succour and respond to him. A very +great trial certainly this, in which the soul is flung +back upon itself; and that especially in the case of +the young, for whom memory and experience do so +little, and wayward and excited feelings do so much. +Great gain had it been for Agellius, even in its +natural effect, putting aside higher benefits, to have +been able to recur to sacramental confession; but to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page28">[pg 28]</span><a name="Pg028" id="Pg028" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>confession he had never been, though once or twice he +had attended the public <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">homologesis</span></span> of the Church. +Shall we wonder that the poor youth began to be +despondent and impatient under his trial? Shall we +not feel for him, though we may be sorry for him, +should it turn out that he was looking restlessly into +every corner of the small world of acquaintance in +which his lot lay, for those with whom he could converse +easily, and interchange speculation, argument, +aspiration, and affection? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“No one cares for me,”</span> he said, as he sat down on +his rustic bench. <span class="tei tei-q">“I am nothing to any one; I am a +hermit, like Elias or John, without the call to be one. +Yet even Elias felt the burden of being one against +many; even John asked at length in expostulation, +<span class="tei tei-q">‘Art Thou He that shall come?’</span> Am I for ever to +have the knowledge, without the consolation, of the +truth? am I for ever to belong to a great divine +society, yet never see the face of any of its members?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He paused in his thoughts, as if drinking in the +full taste and measure of his unhappiness. And then +his reflections took a turn, and he said, suddenly, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why do I not leave Sicca? What binds me to my +father’s farm? I am young, and my interest in it will +soon expire. What keeps me from Carthage, Hippo, +Cirtha, where Christians are so many?”</span> But here he +stopped as suddenly as he had begun; and a strange +feeling, half pang, half thrill, went through his heart. +And he felt unwilling to pursue his thought, or to +answer the question which he had asked; and he +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page29">[pg 29]</span><a name="Pg029" id="Pg029" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>settled into a dull, stagnant condition of mind, in which +he seemed hardly to think at all. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Be of good cheer, solitary one, though thou art not +a hero yet! There is One that cares for thee, and +loves thee, more than thou canst feel, love, or care for +thyself. Cast all thy care upon Him. He sees thee, +and is watching thee; He is hanging over thee, and +smiles in compassion at thy troubles. His angel, who +is thine, is whispering good thoughts to thee. He +knows thy weakness; He foresees thy errors; but He +holds thee by thy right hand, and thou shalt not, canst +not escape Him. By thy faith, which thou hast so +simply, resolutely retained in the midst of idolatry; +by thy purity, which, like some fair flower, thou hast +cherished in the midst of pollution, He will remember +thee in thy evil hour, and thine enemy shall not prevail +against thee! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +What means that smile upon Agellius’s face? It +is the response of the child to the loving parent. He +knows not why, but the cloud is past. He signs himself +with the holy cross, and sweet reviving thoughts +enliven him. He names the sacred Name, and it is +like ointment poured out upon his soul. He rises; +he kneels down under the dread symbol of his salvation; +and he begins his evening prayer. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page30">[pg 30]</span><a name="Pg030" id="Pg030" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc7" id="toc7"></a><a name="pdf8" id="pdf8"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER IV.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">JUBA.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +There was more of heart, less of effort, less of +mechanical habit, in Agellius’s prayers that night, +than there had been for a long while before. He got +up, struck a light, and communicated it to his small +earthen lamp. Its pale rays feebly searched the room +and discovered at the other end of it Juba, who had +silently opened the door, and sat down near it, while +his brother was employed upon his devotions. The +countenance of the latter fell, for he was not to go to +sleep with the resignation and peace which had just +before been poured into his breast. Yet why should +he complain? we receive consolation in this world for +the very purpose of preparing us against trouble to +come. Juba was a tall, swarthy, wild-looking youth. +He was holding his head on one side as he sat, and +his face towards the roof; he nodded obliquely, arched +his eyebrows, pursed up his lips, and crossed his arms, +while he gave utterance to a strange, half-whispered +laugh. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“He, he, he!”</span> he cried; <span class="tei tei-q">“so you are on your knees, +Agellius.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why shouldn’t I be at this hour,”</span> answered Agellius, +<span class="tei tei-q">“and before I go to bed?”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page31">[pg 31]</span><a name="Pg031" id="Pg031" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O, every one to his taste, of course,”</span> said Juba; +<span class="tei tei-q">“but to an unprejudiced mind there is something +unworthy in the act.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why, Juba?”</span> said his brother somewhat sharply; +<span class="tei tei-q">“don’t you profess any religion at all?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Perhaps I do, and perhaps I don’t,”</span> answered +Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“but never shall it be a bowing and scraping, +crawling and cringing religion. You may take your +oath of that.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What ails you to come here at this time of +night?”</span> asked Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“who asked for your company?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I will come just when I please,”</span> said the other, +<span class="tei tei-q">“and go when I please. I won’t give an account of +my actions to any one, God or man, devil or priest, +much less to you. What right have you to ask me?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Then,”</span> said Agellius, <span class="tei tei-q">“you’ll never get peace or +comfort as long as you live, that I can tell you, let +alone the life to come.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba kept silent for awhile, and bit his nails with +a smile on his face, and his eyes looking askance upon +the ground. <span class="tei tei-q">“I want no more than I have; I am well +content,”</span> he said. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Contented with yourself,”</span> retorted Agellius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Of course,”</span> Juba replied; <span class="tei tei-q">“whom ought one to wish +rather to content?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I suppose, your Creator.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Creator,”</span> answered Juba, tossing back his head +with an air of superiority; <span class="tei tei-q">“Creator;—that, I consider, +is an assumption.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page32">[pg 32]</span><a name="Pg032" id="Pg032" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O, my dear brother,”</span> cried Agellius, <span class="tei tei-q">“don’t go on +in that dreadful way!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘Go on!’</span> who began? Is one man to lay down +the law, and not the other too? Is it so generally +received, this belief of a Creator? Who have brought +in the belief? The Christians. ’Tis the Christians +that began it. The world went on very well without +it before their rise. And now, who began the dispute +but you?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, if I did,”</span> answered Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“but I didn’t. +You began in coming here; what in the world are +you come for? by what right do you disturb me at +this hour?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +There was no appearance of anger in Juba; he +seemed as free from feeling of every kind, from what +is called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">heart</span></span>, as if he had been a stone. In answer +to his brother’s question, he quietly said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I have been +down there,”</span> pointing in the direction of the woods. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +An expression of sharp anguish passed over his +brother’s face, and for a moment he was silent. At +length he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“You don’t mean to say you have been +down to poor mother?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I do,”</span> said Juba. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +There was again a silence for a little while; then +Agellius renewed the conversation. <span class="tei tei-q">“You have fallen +off sadly, Juba, in the course of the last several years.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba tossed his head, and crossed his legs. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“At one time I thought you would have been baptized,”</span> +his brother continued. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That was my weakness,”</span> answered Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“it was +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page33">[pg 33]</span><a name="Pg033" id="Pg033" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>a weak moment: it was just after the old bishop’s +death. He had been kind to me as a child; and he +said some womanish words to me, and it was excusable +in me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Oh that you had yielded to your wish!”</span> cried +Agellius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba looked superior. <span class="tei tei-q">“The fit passed,”</span> he said. +<span class="tei tei-q">“I have come to a juster view of things. It is not +every one who has the strength of mind. I consider +that a logical head comes to a very different +conclusion;”</span> and he began wagging his own, to +the right and left, as if it were coming to a great +many. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well,”</span> said Agellius, gaping, and desiring at least +to come to a conclusion of the altercation, <span class="tei tei-q">“what +brings you here so late?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I was on my way to Jucundus,”</span> he answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“and +have been delayed by the Succoth-benoth in the grove +across the river.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Here they were thrown back upon their controversy. +Agellius turned quite white. <span class="tei tei-q">“My poor fellow,”</span> he +said, <span class="tei tei-q">“what were you there for?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“To see the world,”</span> answered Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“it’s unmanly +not to see it. Why shouldn’t I see it? It was good +fun. I despise them all, fools and idiots. There +they were, scampering about, or lying like hogs, all in +liquor. Apes and swine! However, I will do as +others do, if I please. I will be as drunk as they, +when I see good. I am my own master, and it would +be no kind of harm.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page34">[pg 34]</span><a name="Pg034" id="Pg034" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“No harm! why, is it no harm to become an ape or +a hog?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You don’t take just views of human nature,”</span> +answered Juba, with a self-satisfied air. <span class="tei tei-q">“Our first +duty is to seek our own happiness. If a man thinks +it happier to be a hog, why, let him be a hog,”</span> and he +laughed. <span class="tei tei-q">“This is where you are narrow-minded. I +shall seek my own happiness, and try this way, if I +please.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Happiness!”</span> cried Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“where have you +been picking up all this stuff? Can you call such +detestable filth happiness?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What do you know about such matters?”</span> asked +Juba. <span class="tei tei-q">“Did you ever see them? Did you ever try +them? You would be twice the man you are if you +had. You will not be a man till you do. You are +carried off your legs in your own way. I’d rather get +drunk every day than fall down on all fours as you do, +crawling on your stomach like a worm, and whining +like a hound that has been beaten.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Now, as I live, you shan’t stop here one instant +longer!”</span> cried out Agellius, starting up. <span class="tei tei-q">“Be off with +you! get away! what do you come here to blaspheme +for? who wants you? who asked for you? Go! go, I +say! take yourself <a name="corr034" id="corr034" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">off!</span> Why don’t you go? Keep +your ribaldry for others.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am as good as you any day,”</span> said Juba. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I don’t set myself up,”</span> answered Agellius, <span class="tei tei-q">“but +it’s impossible to confound Christian and unbeliever as +you do.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page35">[pg 35]</span><a name="Pg035" id="Pg035" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Christian and unbeliever!”</span> said Juba, slowly. <span class="tei tei-q">“I +suppose, when they are a-courting each other, they <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">are</span></span> +confounded.”</span> He looked hard at Agellius, as if he +thought he had hit a blot. Then he continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“If I +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">were</span></span> a Christian, I’d be so in earnest: else I’d be an +honest heathen.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius coloured somewhat, and sat down, as if +under embarrassment. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I despise you,”</span> said Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“you have not the +pluck to be a Christian. Be consistent, and fizz upon +a stake; but you’re not made of that stuff. You’re +even afraid of uncle. Nay, you can be caught by +those painted wares, about which, when it suits your +purpose, you can be so grave. I despise you,”</span> he +continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“I despise you, and the whole kit of you. +What’s the difference between you and another? +Your people say, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Earth’s a vanity, life’s a dream, riches +a deceit, pleasure a snare. Fratres charissimi, the time +is short;’</span> but who love earth and life and riches and +pleasure better than they? You are all of you as fond +of the world, as set upon gain, as chary of reputation, as +ambitious of power, as the jolly old heathen, who, you +say, is going the way of the pit.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It is one thing to have a conscience,”</span> answered +Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“another thing to act upon it. The conscience +of these poor people is darkened. You had a +conscience once.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Conscience, conscience,”</span> said Juba. <span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, certainly, +once I had a conscience. Yes, and once I +had a bad chill, and went about chattering and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page36">[pg 36]</span><a name="Pg036" id="Pg036" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>shivering; and once I had a game leg, and then I +went limping; and so, you see, I once on a time +had a conscience. O yes, I have had many consciences +before now—white, black, yellow, and green; +they were all bad; but they are all gone, and now I +have none.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius said nothing; his one wish, as may be +supposed, was to get rid of so unwelcome a visitor. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The truth is,”</span> continued Juba, with the air of +a teacher—<span class="tei tei-q">“the truth is, that religion was a fashion +with me, which is now gone by. It was the complexion +of a particular stage of my life. I was +neither the better nor the worse for it. It was an +accident, like the bloom on my face, which soon,”</span> +he said, spreading his fingers over his dirty-coloured +cheeks, and stroking them, <span class="tei tei-q">“which soon will disappear. +I acted according to the feeling, while it lasted; but +I can no more recall it than my first teeth, or the down +on my chin. It’s among the things that were.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius still keeping silence from weariness and +disgust, he looked at him in a significant way, and said, +slowly, <span class="tei tei-q">“I see how it is; I have penetration enough to +perceive that you don’t believe a bit more about religion +than I do.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You must not say that under my roof,”</span> cried +Agellius, feeling he must not let his brother’s charge +pass without a protest. <span class="tei tei-q">“Many are my sins, but unbelief +is not one of them.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba tossed his head. <span class="tei tei-q">“I think I can see through +a stone slab as well as any one,”</span> he said. <span class="tei tei-q">“It is +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page37">[pg 37]</span><a name="Pg037" id="Pg037" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>as I have said; but you’re too proud to confess it. +It’s part of your hypocrisy.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well,”</span> said Agellius coldly, <span class="tei tei-q">“let’s have done. +It’s getting late, Juba; you’ll be missed at home. +Jucundus will be inquiring for you, and some of those +revelling friends of yours may do you a mischief by +the way. Why, my good fellow,”</span> he continued, in surprise, +<span class="tei tei-q">“you have no leggings. The scorpions will catch +hold of you to a certainty in the dark. Come, let me +tie some straw wisps about you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“No fear of scorpions for me,”</span> answered Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“I +have some real good amulets for the occasion, which +even <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">boola-kog</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">uffah</span></span> will respect.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Saying this, he passed out of the room as unceremoniously +as he had entered it, and took the direction +of the city, talking to himself, and singing snatches of +wild airs as he went along, throwing back and shaking +his head, and now and then uttering a sharp internal +laugh. Disdaining to follow the ordinary path, he +dived down into the thick and wet grass, and scrambled +through the ravine, which the public road crossed before +it ascended the hill. Meanwhile he accompanied his +quickened pace with a louder strain, and it ran as +follows:— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">The little black Moor is the mate for me,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">When the night is dark, and the earth is free,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Under the limbs of the broad yew-tree.</span></div> +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">’Twas Father Cham that planted that yew,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">And he fed it fat with the bloody dew</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Of a score of brats, as his lineage grew.</span></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page38">[pg 38]</span><a name="Pg038" id="Pg038" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Footing and flaunting it, all in the night,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Each lock flings fire, each heel strikes light;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">No lamps need they, whose breath is bright.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Here he was interrupted by a sudden growl, which +sounded almost under his feet, and some wild animal +was seen to slink away. Juba showed no surprise; +he had taken out a small metal idol, and whispering +some words to it, had presented it to the animal. He +clambered up the bank, gained the city gate, and made +his way for his uncle’s dwelling, which was near the +temple of Astarte. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page39">[pg 39]</span><a name="Pg039" id="Pg039" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc9" id="toc9"></a><a name="pdf10" id="pdf10"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER V.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">JUCUNDUS AT SUPPER.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The house of Jucundus was closed for the night when +Juba reached it, or you would see, were you his companion, +that it was one of the most showy shops in +Sicca. It was the image-store of the place, and set +out for sale, not articles of statuary alone, but of metal, +of mosaic work, and of jewellery, as far as they were +dedicated to the service of paganism. It was bright +with the many colours adopted in the embellishment +of images, and the many lights which silver and gold, +brass and ivory, alabaster, gypsum, talc, and glass +reflected. Shelves and cabinets were laden with +wares; both the precious material, and the elaborated +trinket. All tastes were suited, the popular and the +refined, the fashion of the day and the love of the +antique, the classical and the barbarian devotion. +There you might see the rude symbols of invisible +powers, which, originating in deficiency of art, had +been perpetuated by reverence for the past: the +mysterious cube of marble sacred among the Arabs, +the pillar which was the emblem of Mercury or +Bacchus, the broad-based cone of Heliogabalus, the +pyramid of Paphos, and the tile or brick of Juno. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page40">[pg 40]</span><a name="Pg040" id="Pg040" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +There, too, were the unmeaning blocks of stone with +human heads, which were to be dressed out in rich +robes, and to simulate the human form. There were +other articles besides, as portable as these were unmanageable: +little Junos, Mercuries, Dianas, and +Fortunas, for the bosom or the girdle. Household gods +were there, and the objects of personal devotion: Minerva +or Vesta, with handsome niches or shrines in +which they might reside. There, too, were the brass +crowns, or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">nimbi</span></span> which were intended to protect the +heads of the gods from bats and birds. There you +might buy, were you a heathen, rings with heads on +them of Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Serapis, and above all +Astarte. You would find there the rings and signets of +the Basilidians; amulets too of wood or ivory: figures +of demons, preternaturally ugly; little skeletons, and +other superstitious devices. It would be hard, indeed, +if you could not be pleased, whatever your religious +denomination—unless indeed you were determined to +reject all the appliances and objects of idolatry indiscriminately—and +in that case you would rejoice that +it was night when you arrived there, and, in particular, +that darkness swallowed up other appliances and +objects of pagan worship, which to darkness were +due by a particular title, and by darkness were best +shrouded, till the coming of that day when all things, +good and evil, shall be made light. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The shop, as we have said, was closed, concealed +from view by large lumbering shutters, and made +secure by heavy bars of wood. So we must enter by +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page41">[pg 41]</span><a name="Pg041" id="Pg041" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the passage or vestibule on the right side, and that +will conduct us into a modest <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">atrium</span></span>, with an <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">impluvium</span></span> +on one side, and on the other the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">triclinium</span></span> or +supper-room, backing the shop. Jucundus had been +pleasantly engaged in a small supper-party; and, mindful +that a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">symposium</span></span> should lie within the number of +the Graces and of the Muses, he had confined his guests +to two, the young Greek Aristo, who was one of his +principal artists, and Cornelius the son of a freedman +of a Roman of distinction, who had lately got a place +in one of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">scrinia</span></span> of the proconsular <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">officium</span></span>, and +had migrated into the province from the imperial city +where he had spent his best days. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The dinner had not been altogether suitable to +modern ideas of good living. The grapes from Tacape, +and the dates from the lake Tritonis, the white and +black figs, the nectarines and peaches, and the watermelons, +address themselves to the imagination of an +Englishman, as well as of an African of the third century. +So also might the liquor derived from the sap +or honey of the Getulian palm, and the sweet wine, +called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">melilotus</span></span>, made from the poetical fruit found +upon the coast of the Syrtis. He would have been +struck, too, with the sweetness of the mutton; but he +would have asked what the sheep’s tails were before +he tasted them, and found how like marrow the firm +substance ate of which they consisted. He would +have felt he ought to admire the roes of mullets, +pressed and dried, from Mauritania; but he would +have thought twice before he tried the lion cutlets +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page42">[pg 42]</span><a name="Pg042" id="Pg042" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>though they had the flavour of veal, and the additional +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">goût</span></span> of being imperial property, and poached from a +preserve. But when he saw the indigenous dish, the +very haggis and cock-a-leekie of Africa, in the shape of—(alas! +alas! it <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></span> be said, with whatever apology +for its introduction)—in shape, then, of a delicate +puppy, served up with <a name="corr042" id="corr042" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">tomatoes</span>, with its head between +its fore-paws, we consider he would have risen from +the unholy table, and thought he had fallen upon the +hospitality of some sorceress of the neighbouring forest. +However, to that festive board our Briton was not +invited, for he had some previous engagement that +evening, either of painting himself with woad, or of +hiding himself to the chin in the fens; so that nothing +occurred to disturb the harmony of the party, and the +good humour and easy conversation which was the +effect of such excellent cheer. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cornelius had been present at the Secular Games in +the foregoing year, and was full of them, of Rome, +and of himself in connection with it, as became so +genuine a cockney of the imperial period. He was full +of the high patriotic thoughts which so solemn a celebration +had kindled within him. <span class="tei tei-q">“O great Rome!”</span> +he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“thou art first, and there is no second. In +that wonderful pageant which these eyes saw last year +was embodied her majesty, was promised her eternity. +We die, she lives. I say, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">let</span></span> a man die. It’s well for +him to take hemlock, or open a vein, after having seen +the Secular Games. What was there to live for? I +felt it; life was gone; its best gifts flat and insipid +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page43">[pg 43]</span><a name="Pg043" id="Pg043" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>after that great day. Excellent—Tauromenian, I +suppose? We know it in Rome. Fill up my cup. I +drink to the genius of the emperor.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He was full of his subject, and soon resumed it. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Fancy the Campus Martius lighted up from one end +to the other. It was the finest thing in the world. A +large plain, covered, not with streets, not with woods, +but broken and crossed with superb buildings in the +midst of groves, avenues of trees, and green grass, +down to the water’s edge. There’s nothing that isn’t +there. Do you want the grandest temples in the +world, the most spacious porticoes, the longest racecourses? +there they are. Do you want <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">gymnasia</span></span>? +there they are. Do you want arches, statues, obelisks? +you find them there. There you have at one end the +stupendous mausoleum of Augustus, cased with white +marble, and just across the river the huge towering +mound of Hadrian. At the other end you have +the noble Pantheon of Agrippa, with its splendid +Syracusan columns, and its dome glittering with silver +tiles. Hard by are the baths of Alexander, with their +beautiful groves. Ah! my good friend! I shall +have no time to drink if I go on. Beyond are the +numerous chapels and fanes which fringe the base +of the Capitoline hill; the tall column of Antoninus +comes next, with its adjacent basilica, where is kept +the authentic list of the provinces of the empire, and +of the governors, each a king in power and dominion, +who are sent out to them. Well, I am now only +beginning. Fancy, I say, this magnificent region all +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page44">[pg 44]</span><a name="Pg044" id="Pg044" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>lighted up; every temple to and fro, every bath, every +grove, gleaming with innumerable lamps and torches. +No, not even the gods of Olympus have anything that +comes near it. Rome is the greatest of all divinities. +In the dead of night all was alive; then it was, +when nature sleeps exhausted, Rome began the +solemn sacrifices to commemorate her thousand years. +On the banks of the Tiber, which had seen Æneas +land, and Romulus ascend to the gods, the clear red +flame shot up as the victims burned. The music of +ten thousand horns and flutes burst forth, and the +sacred dances began upon the greensward. I am too +old to dance; but, I protest, even I stood up and +threw off. We danced through three nights, dancing +the old millenary out, dancing the new millenary +in. We were all Romans, no strangers, no slaves. +It was a solemn family feast, the feast of all the +Romans.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Then we came in for the feast,”</span> said Aristo; <span class="tei tei-q">“for +Caracalla gave Roman citizenship to all freemen all +over the world. We are all of us Romans, recollect, +Cornelius.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah! that was another matter—a condescension,”</span> +answered Cornelius. <span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, in a certain sense, I grant +it; but it was a political act.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I warrant you,”</span> retorted Aristo, <span class="tei tei-q">“most political. +We were to be fleeced, do you see? so your imperial +government made us Romans, that we might have the +taxes of Romans, and that in addition to our own. +You’ve taxed us double; and as for the privilege of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page45">[pg 45]</span><a name="Pg045" id="Pg045" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>citizenship, much it is, by Hercules, when every snob +has it who can wear a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">pileus</span></span> or cherish his hair.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah! but you should have seen the procession from +the Capitol,”</span> continued Cornelius, <span class="tei tei-q">“on, I think, the +second day; from the Capitol to the Circus, all down +the Via Sacra. Hosts of strangers there, and provincials +from the four corners of the earth, but not in +the procession. There you saw, all in one <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">coup-d’œil</span></span>, +the real good blood of Rome, the young blood of the +new generation, and promise of the future; the sons +of patrician and consular families, of imperators, +orators, conquerors, statesmen. They rode at the head +of the procession, fine young fellows, six abreast; and +still more of them on foot. Then came the running +horses and the chariots, the boxers, the wrestlers, +and other combatants, all ready for the competition. +The whole school of gladiators then turned out, boys +and all, with their masters, dressed in red tunics, and +splendidly armed. They formed three bands, and they +went forward gaily, dancing and singing the Pyrrhic. +By-the-bye, a thousand pair of gladiators fought +during the games—a round thousand, and such clean-made, +well-built fellows, and they came against each +other so gallantly! You should have seen it; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> +can’t go through it. There was a lot of satyrs, +jumping and frisking, in burlesque of the martial +dances which preceded them. There was a crowd of +trumpeters and horn-blowers; ministers of the sacrifices +with their victims, bulls and rams, dressed up +with gay wreaths; drivers, butchers, haruspices, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page46">[pg 46]</span><a name="Pg046" id="Pg046" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>heralds; images of gods with their cars of ivory or +silver, drawn by tame lions and elephants. I can’t +recollect the order. O! but the grandest thing of +all was the Carmen, sung by twenty-seven noble +youths, and as many noble maidens, taken for the +purpose from the bosoms of their families to propitiate +the gods of Rome. The flamens, augurs, colleges of +priests, it was endless. Last of all came the emperor +himself.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That’s the late man,”</span> observed Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“Philip; +no bad riddance his death, if all’s true that’s said of +him.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“All emperors are good in their time and way,”</span> +answered Cornelius; <span class="tei tei-q">“Philip was good then, and Decius +is good now;—whom the gods preserve!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“True,”</span> said Aristo, <span class="tei tei-q">“I understand; an emperor +cannot do wrong, except in dying, and then everything +goes wrong with him. His death is his first bad deed; +he ought to be ashamed of it; it somehow turns all +his great virtues into vices.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah! no one was so good an emperor as our man, +Gordianus,”</span> said Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“a princely old man, +living and dead; patron of trade and of the arts; +such villas! he had enormous revenues. Poor old +gentleman! and his son too. I never shall forget the +day when the news came that he was gone. Let me +see, it was shortly after that old fool Strabo’s death—I +mean my brother; a good thirteen years ago. +All Africa was in tears; there was no one like +Gordianus.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page47">[pg 47]</span><a name="Pg047" id="Pg047" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That’s old world philosophy,”</span> said Aristo; +<span class="tei tei-q">“Jucundus, you must go to school. Don’t you see +that all that is, is right; and all that was, is wrong? +<span class="tei tei-q">‘Te nos facimus, Fortuna, deam,’</span> says your poet; +well, I drink <span class="tei tei-q">‘to the fortunes of Rome,’</span>—while it +lasts.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You’re a young man,”</span> answered Cornelius, <span class="tei tei-q">“a +very young man, and a Greek. Greeks never understand +Rome. It’s most difficult to understand us. +It’s a science. Look at this medal, young gentleman; +it was one of those struck at the games. Is it +not grand? <span class="tei tei-q">‘Novum sæculum,’</span> and on the reverse, +<span class="tei tei-q">‘Æternitati.’</span> Always changing, always imperishable. +Emperors rise and fall; Rome remains. The eternal +city! Isn’t this good philosophy?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Truly, a most beautiful medal,”</span> said Aristo, +examining it, and handing it on to his host. <span class="tei tei-q">“You +might make an amulet of it, Jucundus. But as to +eternity, why, that is a very great word; and, if I +mistake not, other states have been eternal before +Rome. Ten centuries is a very respectable eternity; +be content, Rome is eternal already, and may die +without prejudice to the medal.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Blaspheme not,”</span> replied Cornelius: <span class="tei tei-q">“Rome is +healthier, more full of life, and promises more, than +at any former time, you may rely upon it. <span class="tei tei-q">‘Novum +sæculum!’</span> she has the age of the eagle, and will but +cast her feathers to begin a fresh thousand.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“But Egypt,”</span> interposed Aristo, <span class="tei tei-q">“if old Herodotus +speaks true, scarcely had a beginning. Up and up, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page48">[pg 48]</span><a name="Pg048" id="Pg048" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the higher you go, the more dynasties of Egyptian +kings do you find. And we hear strange reports of +the nations in the far east, beyond the Ganges.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“But I tell you, man,”</span> rejoined Cornelius, <span class="tei tei-q">“Rome +is a city of kings. That one city, in this one year, +has as many kings at once as those of all the kings +of all the dynasties of Egypt put together. Sesostris, +and the rest of them, what are they to imperators, +prefects, proconsuls, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">vicarii</span></span>, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">rationales</span></span>? Look +back at Lucullus, Cæsar, Pompey, Sylla, Titus, Trajan. +What’s old Cheops’ pyramid to the Flavian amphitheatre? +What is the many-gated Thebes to Nero’s +golden house, while it was? What the grandest +palace of Sesostris or Ptolemy but a second-rate villa +of any one of ten thousand Roman citizens? Our +houses stand on acres of ground, they ascend as high +as the Tower of Babylon; they swarm with columns +like a forest; they pullulate into statues and pictures. +The walls, pavements, and ceilings are dazzling from +the lustre of the rarest marble, red and yellow, green +and mottled. Fountains of perfumed water shoot +aloft from the floor, and fish swim in rocky channels +round about the room, waiting to be caught and killed +for the banquet. We dine; and we feast on the head +of the ostrich, the brains of the peacock, the liver of +the bream, the milk of the murena, and the tongue of +the flamingo. A flight of doves, nightingales, beccaficoes +are concentrated into one dish. On great occasions +we eat a phœnix. Our saucepans are of silver, +our dishes of gold, our vases of onyx, and our cups of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page49">[pg 49]</span><a name="Pg049" id="Pg049" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>precious stones. Hangings and carpets of Tyrian +purple are around us and beneath us, and we lie on +ivory couches. The choicest wines of Greece and +Italy crown our goblets, and exotic flowers crown our +heads. In come troops of dancers from Lydia, or +pantomimes from Alexandria, to entertain both eye +and mind; or our noble dames and maidens take a +place at our tables; they wash in asses’ milk, they +dress by mirrors as large as fish-ponds, and they +glitter from head to foot with combs, brooches, necklaces, +collars, ear-rings, armlets, bracelets, finger-rings, +girdles, stomachers, and anklets, all of diamond and +emerald. Our slaves may be counted by thousands, +and they come from all parts of the world. Everything +rare and precious is brought to Rome: the gum +of Arabia, the nard of Assyria, the papyrus of Egypt, +the citron-wood of Mauretania, the bronze of Ægina, +the pearls of Britain, the cloth of gold of Phrygia, +the fine webs of Cos, the embroidery of Babylon, the +silks of Persia, the lion-skins of Getulia, the wool of +Miletus, the plaids of Gaul. Thus we live, an imperial +people, who do nothing but enjoy themselves +and keep festival the whole year; and at length we +die—and then we burn: we burn—in stacks of cinnamon +and cassia, and in shrouds of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">asbestos</span></span>, making +emphatically a good end of it. Such are we Romans, +a great people. Why, we are honoured wherever we +go. There’s my master, there’s myself; as we came +here from Italy, I protest we were nearly worshipped +as demi-gods.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page50">[pg 50]</span><a name="Pg050" id="Pg050" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And perhaps some fine morning,”</span> said Aristo, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Rome herself will burn in cinnamon and cassia, and +in all her burnished Corinthian brass and scarlet +bravery, the old mother following her children to the +funeral pyre. One has heard something of Babylon, +and its drained moat, and the soldiers of the +Persian.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +A pause occurred in the conversation as one of +Jucundus’s slaves entered with fresh wine, larger +goblets, and a vase of snow from the Atlas. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page51">[pg 51]</span><a name="Pg051" id="Pg051" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc11" id="toc11"></a><a name="pdf12" id="pdf12"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER VI.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">GOTHS AND CHRISTIANS.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cornelius was full of his subject, and did not attend +to the Greek. <span class="tei tei-q">“The wild-beasts hunts,”</span> he continued, +<span class="tei tei-q">“ah, those hunts during the games, Aristo! +they were a spectacle for the gods. Twenty-two +elephants, ten panthers, ten hyænas (by-the-bye, a +new beast, not strange, however, to you here, I suppose), +ten camelopards, a hippopotamus, a rhinoceros—I +can’t go through the list. Fancy the circus planted +throughout for the occasion, and turned into a park, +and then another set of wild animals, Getes and Sarmatians, +Celts and Goths, sent in against them, to +hunt down, capture and kill them, or to be killed +themselves.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah, the Goths!”</span> answered Aristo; <span class="tei tei-q">“those fellows +give you trouble, though, now and then. Perhaps +they will give you more. There is a report +in the prætorium to-day that they have crossed the +Danube.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, they <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">will</span></span> give us trouble,”</span> said Cornelius, +drily; <span class="tei tei-q">“they <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></span> given us trouble, and they will +give us more. The Samnites gave us trouble, and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page52">[pg 52]</span><a name="Pg052" id="Pg052" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>our friends of Carthage here, and Jugurtha, and +Mithridates; trouble, yes, that is the long and the +short of it; they will give us trouble. Is trouble a +new thing to Rome?”</span> he asked, stretching out his +arm, as if he were making a speech after dinner, and +giving a toast. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The Goths give trouble, and take a bribe,”</span> retorted +Aristo; <span class="tei tei-q">“this is what trouble means in their +case: it’s a troublesome fellow who hammers at our +door till we pay his reckoning. It is troublesome to +raise the means to buy them off. And the example +of these troublesome savages is catching; it was lately +rumoured that the Carpians had been asking the same +terms for keeping quiet.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It would ill become the majesty of Rome to soil +her fingers with the blood of such vermin,”</span> said Cornelius; +<span class="tei tei-q">“she ignores them.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And therefore she most majestically bleeds us +instead,”</span> answered Aristo, <span class="tei tei-q">“that she may have treasure +to give them. We are not so troublesome as +they; the more’s the pity. No offence to you, however, +or to the emperor, or to great Rome, Cornelius. +We are over our cups; it’s only a game of politics, +you know, like chess or the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">cottabus</span></span>. Maro bids you +<span class="tei tei-q">‘parcere subjectis, et debellare superbos;’</span> but you +have changed your manners. You coax the Goths +and bully the poor African.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Africa can show fight, too,”</span> interposed Jucundus, +who had been calmly listening and enjoying his own +wine; <span class="tei tei-q">“witness Thysdrus. That was giving every +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page53">[pg 53]</span><a name="Pg053" id="Pg053" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>rapacious Quæstor a lesson that he may go too far, +and find a dagger when he demands a purse.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He was alluding to the revolt of Africa, which led +to the downfall of the tyrant Maximin and the exaltation +of the Gordians, when the native landlords armed +their peasantry, killed the imperial officer, and raised +the standard of rebellion in the neighbouring town +from impatience of exactions under which they +suffered. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“No offence, I say, Cornelius, no offence to eternal +Rome,”</span> said Aristo, <span class="tei tei-q">“but you have explained to us +why you weigh so heavy on us. I’ve always heard +it was a fortune at Rome for a man to have found out +a new tax. Vespasian did his best; but now you +tax our smoke, and our very shadow; and Pescennius +threatened to tax the air we breathe. We’ll play at +riddles, and you shall solve the following:—Say who +is she that eats her own limbs, and grows eternal upon +them? Ah, the Goths will take the measure of her +eternity!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The Goths!”</span> said Jucundus, who was warming +into conversational life, <span class="tei tei-q">“the Goths! no fear of the +Goths; but,”</span> and he nodded significantly, <span class="tei tei-q">“look at +home; we have more to fear indoors than abroad.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“He means the prætorians,”</span> said Cornelius to +Aristo, condescendingly; <span class="tei tei-q">“I grant you that there have +been several untoward affairs; we have had our problem, +but it’s a thing of the past, it never can come +again. I venture to say that the power of the prætorians +is at an end. That murder of the two emperors +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page54">[pg 54]</span><a name="Pg054" id="Pg054" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the other day was the worst job they ever did; it has +turned the public opinion of the whole world against +them. I have no fear of the prætorians.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I don’t mean prætorians more than Goths,”</span> said +Jucundus; <span class="tei tei-q">“no, give me the old weapons, the old +maxims of Rome, and I defy the scythe of Saturn. +Do the soldiers march under the old ensign? do they +swear by the old gods? do they interchange the good +old signals and watchwords? do they worship the +fortune of Rome; then I say we are safe. But do we +take to new ways? do we trifle with religion? do we +make light of Jupiter, Mars, Romulus, the augurs, +and the ancilia? then I say, not all our shows and +games, our elephants, hyænas, and hippopotamuses, will +do us any good. It was not the best thing, no, not the +best thing that the soldiers did, when they invested +that Philip with the purple. But he is dead and gone.”</span> +And he sat up and leant on his elbow. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah! but it will be all set right now,”</span> said Cornelius, +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you’ll</span></span> see.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“He’d be a reformer, that Philip,”</span> continued +Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“and put down an enormity. Well, they +call it an enormity; let it be an enormity. He’d +put it down; but why? there’s the point; why? +It’s no secret at all,”</span> and his voice grew angry, +<span class="tei tei-q">“that that hoary-headed Atheist Fabian was at +the bottom of it; Fabian, the Christian. I hate +reforms.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, we had long wished to do it,”</span> answered +Cornelius, <span class="tei tei-q">“but could not manage it. Alexander +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page55">[pg 55]</span><a name="Pg055" id="Pg055" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>attempted it near twenty years ago. It’s what philosophers +have always aimed at.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The gods consume philosophers and the Christians +together!”</span> said Jucundus devoutly. <span class="tei tei-q">“There’s +little to choose between them, except that the Christians +are the filthier animal of the two. But both are +ruining the most glorious political structure that the +world ever saw. I am not over-fond of Alexander +either.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Thank you in the name of philosophy,”</span> said the +Greek. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And thank you in the name of the Christians,”</span> +chimed in Juba. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That’s good!”</span> cried Jucundus; <span class="tei tei-q">“the first word +that hopeful youth has spoken since he came in, and +he takes on him to call himself a Christian.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I’ve a right to do so, if I choose,”</span> said Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“I’ve +a right to be a Christian.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Right! O yes, right! ha, ha!”</span> answered Jucundus, +<span class="tei tei-q">“right! Jove help the lad! by all manner of means. +Of course, you have a right to go <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in malam rem</span></span> in +whatever way you please.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am my own master,”</span> said Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“my father +was a Christian. I suppose it depends on myself to +follow him or not, according to my fancy, and as long +as I think fit.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Fancy! think fit!”</span> answered Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“you +pompous little mule! Yes, go and be a Christian, +my dear child, as your doting father went. Go, like +him, to the priest of their mysteries; be spit on, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page56">[pg 56]</span><a name="Pg056" id="Pg056" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>stripped, dipped; feed on little boys’ marrow and +brains; worship the ass; and learn all the foul magic +of the sect. And then be delated and taken up, and +torn to shreds on the rack, or thrown to the lions +and so go to Tartarus, if Tartarus there be, in the +way you think fit. You’ll harm none but yourself, +my boy. I don’t fear such as you, but the deeper +heads.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba stood up with a look of offended dignity, and, +as on former occasions, tossed the head which had +been by implication disparaged. <span class="tei tei-q">“I despise you,”</span> he +said. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, but you are hard on the Christians,”</span> said +Aristo. <span class="tei tei-q">“I have heard them maintain that their superstition, +if adopted, would be the salvation of Rome. +They maintain that the old religion is gone or going +out; that something new is wanted to keep the empire +together; and that their worship is just fitted to the +times.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“All I say to the vipers,”</span> said Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“is, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Let +well alone. We did well enough without you; we +did well enough till you sprang up.’</span> A plague on their +insolence; as if Jew or Egyptian could do aught for us +when Numa and the Sibyl fail. That is what I say, +Let Rome be true to herself and nothing can harm +her; let her shift her foundation, and I would not buy +her for this water-melon,”</span> he said, taking a suck at it. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Rome alone can harm Rome. Recollect old Horace, +<span class="tei tei-q">‘Suis et ipsa Roma viribus ruit.’</span> He was a prophet. +If she falls, it is by her own hand.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page57">[pg 57]</span><a name="Pg057" id="Pg057" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I agree,”</span> said Cornelius; <span class="tei tei-q">“certainly, to set up any +new worship is treason; not a doubt of it. The gods +keep us from such ingratitude! We have grown +great by means of them, and they are part and parcel +of the law of Rome. But there is no great chance of +our forgetting this; Decius won’t; that’s a fact. You +will see. Time will show; perhaps to-morrow, perhaps +next day,”</span> he added, mysteriously. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why in the world should you have this frantic +dread of these poor scarecrows of Christians,”</span> said +Aristo, <span class="tei tei-q">“all because they hold an opinion? Why are +you not afraid of the bats and the moles? It’s an +opinion: there have been other opinions before them, +and there will be other opinions after. Let them +alone and they’ll die away; make a hubbub about +them and they’ll spread.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Spread?”</span> cried Jucundus, who was under the +twofold excitement of personal feeling and of wine, +<span class="tei tei-q">“spread, they’ll spread? yes, they’ll spread. Yes, +grow, like scorpions, twenty at a birth. The country +already swarms with them; they are as many as frogs +or grasshoppers; they start up everywhere under one’s +nose, when one least expects them. The air breeds +them like plague-flies; the wind drifts them like +locusts. No one’s safe; any one may be a Christian; +it’s an epidemic. Great Jove! <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> may be a Christian +before I know where I am. Heaven and earth! is it +not monstrous?”</span> he continued, with increasing fierceness. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, Jucundus, my poor man, you may wake +and find yourself a Christian, without knowing it, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page58">[pg 58]</span><a name="Pg058" id="Pg058" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>against your will. Ah! my friends, pity me! I may +find myself a beast, and obliged to suck blood and +live among the tombs as if I liked it, without power +to tell you how I loathe it, all through their sorcery. +By the genius of Rome something must be done. I +say, no one is safe. You call on your friend; he is +sitting in the dark, unwashed, uncombed, undressed. +What is the matter? Ah! his son has turned Christian. +Your wedding-day is fixed, you are expecting +your bride; she does not come; why? she will not +have you; she has become a Christian. Where’s +young Nomentanus? Who has seen Nomentanus? +in the forum, or the campus, in the circus, in the bath? +Has he caught the plague or got a sunstroke? Nothing +of the kind; the Christians have caught hold of +him. Young and old, rich and poor, my lady in her +litter and her slave, modest maid and Lydia at the +Thermæ, nothing comes amiss to them. All confidence +is gone; there’s no one we can reckon on. I +go to my tailor’s: <span class="tei tei-q">‘Nergal,’</span> I say to him, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Nergal, I +want a new tunic,’</span> The wretched hypocrite bows, and +runs to and fro, and unpacks his stuffs and cloths, like +another man. A word in your ear. The man’s a +Christian, dressed up like a tailor. They have no +dress of their own. If I were emperor, I’d make +the sneaking curs wear a badge, I would; a dog’s +collar, a fox’s tail, or a pair of ass’s ears. Then we +should know friends from foes when we meet them.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“We should think that dangerous,”</span> said Cornelius; +<span class="tei tei-q">“however, you are taking it too much to heart; you +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page59">[pg 59]</span><a name="Pg059" id="Pg059" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>are making too much of them, my good friend. They +have not even got the present, and you are giving +them the future, which is just what they want.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“If Jucundus will listen to me,”</span> said Aristo, <span class="tei tei-q">“I +could satisfy him that the Christians are actually +falling off. They once were numerous in this very +place; now there are hardly any. They have been +declining for these fifty years; the danger from them +is past. Do you want to know how to revive them? +Put out an imperial edict, forbid them, denounce +them. Do you want them to drop away like autumn +leaves? Take no notice of them.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I can’t deny that in Italy they <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></span> grown,”</span> said +Cornelius; <span class="tei tei-q">“they <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></span> grown in numbers and in +wealth, and they intermarry with us. Thus the upper +class becomes to a certain extent infected. We may +find it necessary to repress them; but, as you would +repress vermin, without fearing them.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The worshippers of the gods are the many, and +the Christians are the few,”</span> persisted Aristo; <span class="tei tei-q">“if the +two parties intermarry, the weaker will get the worst +of it. You will find the statues of the gods gradually +creeping back into the Christian chapel; and a man +must be an honest fellow who buys our images, eh, +Jucundus?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, Aristo,”</span> said the paterfamilias, whose +violence never lasted long, <span class="tei tei-q">“if your sister’s bright +eyes win back my poor Agellius you will have something +more to say for yourself than, at present, I +grant.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page60">[pg 60]</span><a name="Pg060" id="Pg060" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I see,”</span> said Cornelius, gravely, <span class="tei tei-q">“I begin to understand +it. I could not make out why our good host +had such great fear for the stability of Rome. But +it is one of those things which the experience of life +has taught me. I have often seen it in the imperial +city itself. Whenever you find a man show special +earnestness against these fanatics, depend on it there +is something that touches him personally in the +matter. There was a very great man, the present +Flamen Dialis, for whom I have unbounded respect; +for a long time I was at a loss to conceive why a +person of his weight, sound, sensible, well-judging, +should have such a fear of the Christians. One day +he made an oration against them in the senate-house; +he wanted to send them to the rack. But the secret +came out; the good man was on the rack himself +about his daughter, who persisted in calling herself a +Christian, and refused to paint her face or go to the +amphitheatre. To be sure, a most trying affair this +for the old gentleman. The venerable Pater Patratus, +too, what suppers he gave! a fine specimen of the +Lucullus type; yet he was always advocating the +lictor and the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">commentariensis</span></span> in the instance of the +Christian. No wonder; his wife and son were disgracing +him in the eyes of the whole world by frequenting +the meetings of these Christians. However, +I agree with Decius, they must be put down. They +are not formidable, but they are an eyesore.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Here the rushing of the water-clock which measured +time in the neighbouring square, ceased, signifying +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page61">[pg 61]</span><a name="Pg061" id="Pg061" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>thereby that the night was getting on. Juba had +already crept into the dark closet which served him +for a sleeping-place; had taken off his sandals, and +loosened his belt; had wrapt the serpent he had about +him round his neck, and was breathing heavily. Jucundus +made the parting libation, and Cornelius took +his leave. Aristo rose too; and Jucundus, accompanying +them to the entrance, paid the not uncommon +penalty of his potations, for the wine mounted to his +head, and he returned into the room, and sat him +down again with an impression that Aristo was still +at table. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“My dear boy,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius is but a wet +Christian; that’s all, not obstinate, like his brother +there. ’Twas his father; the less we say about him +the better; he’s gone. The Furies make his bed for +him! an odious set! Their priests, little ugly men. +I saw one when I was a boy at Carthage. So unlike +your noble Roman Saliares, or your fine portly priest +of Isis, clad in white, breathing odours like spring +flowers; men who enjoyed this life, not like that sour +hypocrite. He was as black as an Ethiopian, and as +withered as a Saracen, and he never looked you in the +face. And, after all, the fellow must die for his +religion, rather than put a few grains of golden incense +on the altar of great Jove. Jove’s the god for me; a +glorious, handsome, curly god—but they are all good, +all the gods are good. There’s Bacchus, he’s a good, +comfortable god, though a sly, treacherous fellow—a +treacherous fellow. There’s Ceres, too; Pomona; the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page62">[pg 62]</span><a name="Pg062" id="Pg062" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Muses; Astarte, too, as they call her here; all good;—and +Apollo, though he’s somewhat too hot in this +season, and too free with his bow. He gave me a +bad fever once. Ah! life’s precious, most precious; +so I felt it then, when I was all but gone to Pluto. +Life never returns, it’s like water spilt; you can’t +gather it up. It is dispersed into the elements, to +the four winds. Ah! there’s something more there +than I can tell; more than all your philosophers can +determine.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He seemed to think awhile, and began again: <span class="tei tei-q">“Enjoyment’s +the great rule; ask yourself, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Have I made +the most of things?’</span> that’s what I say to the rising +generation. Many and many’s the time when I have +not turned them to the best account. Oh, if I had now +to begin life again, how many things should I correct! +I might have done better this evening. Those abominable +pears! I might have known they would not +be worth the eating. Mutton, that was all well; +doves, good again; crane, kid; well, I don’t see that +I could have done much better.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +After a few minutes he got up half asleep, and put +out all the lights but one small lamp, with which he +made his way into his own bed-closet. <span class="tei tei-q">“All is vanity,”</span> +he continued, with a slow, grave utterance, <span class="tei tei-q">“all is +vanity but eating and drinking. It does not pay to +serve the gods except for this. What’s fame? what’s +glory? what’s power? smoke. I’ve often thought +the hog is the only really wise animal. We should +be happier if we were all hogs. Hogs keep the end +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page63">[pg 63]</span><a name="Pg063" id="Pg063" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>of life steadily in view; that’s why those toads of +Christians will not eat them, lest they should get like +them. Quiet, respectable, sensible enjoyment; not +riot, or revel, or excess, or quarrelling. Life is short.”</span> +And with this undeniable sentiment he fell asleep. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page64">[pg 64]</span><a name="Pg064" id="Pg064" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc13" id="toc13"></a><a name="pdf14" id="pdf14"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER VII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">PERSECUTION IN THE OFFING.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Next morning, as Jucundus was dusting and polishing +his statues and other articles of taste and devotion, +supplying the gaps in their ranks, and grouping a +number of new ones which had come in from his +workmen, Juba strutted into the shop, and indulged +himself from time to time in an inward laugh or +snigger at the various specimens of idolatry which +grinned or frowned or frisked or languished on all +sides of him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Don’t sneer at that Anubis,”</span> said his uncle; <span class="tei tei-q">“it +is the work of the divine Callista.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That, I suppose, is why she brings into existence +so many demons,”</span> answered Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“nothing more +can be done in the divine line; like the queen who fell +in love with a baboon.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Now I come to think,”</span> retorted Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“that +god of hers is something like <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span>. She must be in +love with you, Juba.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The youth, as was usual with him, tossed his head +with an air of lofty displeasure; at length he said, +<span class="tei tei-q">“And why should she not fall in love with me, +pray?”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page65">[pg 65]</span><a name="Pg065" id="Pg065" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why, because you are too good or too bad to +need her plastic hand. She could not make anything +out of you. <span class="tei tei-q">‘Non ex quovis ligno.’</span> But she’d be +doing a good work if she wiled back your brother.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">He</span></span> does not want wiling any more than I,”</span> said +Juba, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> dare say! he’s no Christian.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What’s that?”</span> said his uncle, looking round at +him in surprise; <span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius no Christian?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Not a bit of it,”</span> answered Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“rest assured. I +taxed him with it only last night; let him alone, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">he’ll</span></span> +come round. He’s too proud to change, that’s all. +Preach to him, entreat him, worry him, try to turn him, +work at the bit, whip him, and he will turn restive, +start aside, or run away; but let him have his head, +pretend not to look, seem indifferent to the whole +matter, and he will quietly sit down in the midst of +your images there. Callista has an easy task; she’ll +bribe him to do what he would else do for nothing.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The very best news I have heard since your silly +old father died,”</span> cried Jucundus; <span class="tei tei-q">“the very best—if +true. Juba, I’ll give you an handsome present the first +sow your brother sacrifices to Ceres. Ha, ha, what +fine fun to see the young farmer over his cups at the +Nundinæ! Ha, ha, no Christian! bravo, Juba! ha, +ha, I’ll make you a present, I say, an Apollo to teach +you manners, or a Mercury to give you wit.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It’s quite true,”</span> said Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“he would not be +thinking of Callista, if he were thinking of his saints +and angels.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ha, ha! to be sure!”</span> returned Jucundus; <span class="tei tei-q">“to be +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page66">[pg 66]</span><a name="Pg066" id="Pg066" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>sure! yet why shouldn’t he worship a handsome Greek +girl as well as any of those mummies and death’s +heads and bogies of his, which I should blush to put +up here alongside even of Anubis, or a scarabæus?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Mother thinks she is not altogether the girl you +take her for,”</span> said his nephew. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“No matter, no matter,”</span> answered Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“no +matter at all; she may be a Lais or Phryne for me; +the surer to make a man of him.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why,”</span> said Juba, <span class="tei tei-q">“mother thinks her head is +turning in the opposite way. D’you see? Strange, +isn’t it?”</span> he added, annoyed himself yet not unwilling +to annoy his uncle. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Hm!”</span> exclaimed Jucundus, making a wry face +and looking round at him, as if to say, <span class="tei tei-q">“What on +earth is going to turn up now?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“To tell the truth,”</span> said Juba, gloomily, <span class="tei tei-q">“I did +once think of her myself. I don’t see why I have not +as much right to do so as Agellius, if I please. So I +thought old mother might do something for me; and +I asked her for a charm or love potion, which would +bring her from her brother down to the forest yonder. +Gurta took to it kindly, for she has a mortal hatred of +Callista, because of her good looks, though she won’t +say so, and because she’s a Greek! and she liked the +notion of humbling the haughty minx. So she began +one of the most tremendous spells,”</span> he shrieked out +with a laugh, <span class="tei tei-q">“one of the most tremendous spells in +her whole budget. All and everything in the most +exact religious way: wine, milk, blood, meal, wax, old +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page67">[pg 67]</span><a name="Pg067" id="Pg067" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>rags, gods, Numidian as well as Punic; such names; +one must be barbarian to boot, as well as witch, to +pronounce them: a score of things there were besides. +And then to see the old woman, with her streaming +grey hair, twinkling eyes, and grim look, twirl about +as some flute girl at a banquet; it was enough to +dance down, not only the moon, but the whole milky +way. But it did not dance down Callista; at which +mother got savage, and protested that Callista was a +Christian.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Jucundus looked much perplexed. <span class="tei tei-q">“Medius fidius!”</span> +he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“why, unless we look sharp, she will be converting +him the wrong way;”</span> and he began pacing up +and down the small room. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba on his part began singing— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Gurta the witch would have part in the jest;</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Though lame as a gull, by his highness possessed,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">She shouldered her crutch, and danced with the rest.</span></div> + +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Sporting and snorting, deep in the night,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Their beards flashing fire, and their hoofs striking light,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">And their tails whisking round in the heat of their flight.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +By this time Jucundus had recovered from the +qualm which Juba’s intelligence had caused him, and +he cried out, <span class="tei tei-q">“Cease your rubbish; old Gurta’s +jealous; I know her spite; Christian is the most +blackguard word in her vocabulary, its Barbar for +toad or adder. I see it all; no, Callista, the divine +Callista, must take in hand this piece of wax, sing a +charm, and mould him into a Vertumnus. She’ll +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page68">[pg 68]</span><a name="Pg068" id="Pg068" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>show herself the more potent witch of the two. The +new emperor too will help the incantation.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What! something is coming?”</span> asked Juba, with +a grin. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Coming, boy? yes, I warrant you,”</span> answered his +uncle. <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">We’ll</span></span> make them squeak. If gentle means +don’t do, then we’ll just throw in another ingredient +or two: an axe, or a wild cat, or a firebrand.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Take care what you are about, if you deal with +Agellius,”</span> said Juba. <span class="tei tei-q">“He’s a sawney, but you must +not drive him to bay. Don’t threaten; keep to the +other line; he’s weak-hearted.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Only as a background to bring out the painting; +the Muse singing, all in light, relieved by sardix or +sepia. It <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></span> come; but perhaps Agellius will +come first.”</span> +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-tb"> </div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was indeed as Jucundus had hinted; a new policy, +a new era was coming upon Christianity, together with +the new emperor. Christians had hitherto been for +the most part the objects of popular fury rather than +of imperial jealousy. Nero, indeed, from his very +love of cruelty, had taken pleasure in torturing them: +but statesmen and philosophers, though at times +perplexed and inconsistent, yet on the whole had +despised them; and the superstition of priests and +people, with their <span class="tei tei-q">“Christianos ad leones,”</span> had been +the most formidable enemy of the faith. Accordingly, +atrocious as the persecution had been at times, it had +been conducted on no plan, and had been local and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page69">[pg 69]</span><a name="Pg069" id="Pg069" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>fitful. But even this trial had been suspended, with +but few interruptions, during the last thirty, nay, fifty +years. So favourable a state of things had been more +or less brought about by a succession of emperors, +who had shown an actual leaning to Christianity. +While the vigorous rule of the five good emperors, as +they are called, had had many passages in its history +of an adverse character, those who followed after, +being untaught in the traditions, and strangers to the +<a name="corr069" id="corr069" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">spirit</span> of old Rome, foreigners, or adventurers, or +sensualists, were protectors of the new religion. The +favourite mistress of Commodus is even said to have +been a Christian; so is the nurse of Caracalla. The +wretched Heliogabalus, by his taste for Oriental +superstitions, both weakened the influence of the +established hierarchy, and encouraged the toleration +of a faith which came from Palestine. The virtuous +Alexander, who followed him, was a philosopher more +than a statesman; and, in pursuance of the syncretism +which he had adopted, placed the images of Abraham +and our Lord among the objects of devotion which +his private chapel contained. What is told us of the +Emperor Philip is still more to the point: the gravest +authorities report that he was actually a Christian; +and, since it cannot be doubted that Christians were +persuaded of the fact, the leaning of his government +must have been emphatically in their favour to account +for such a belief. In consequence, Christians showed +themselves without fear; they emerged from the +catacombs, and built churches in public view; and, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page70">[pg 70]</span><a name="Pg070" id="Pg070" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>though in certain localities, as in the instance of +Africa, they had suffered from the contact of the +world, they spread far and wide, and faith became +the instrument at least of political power, even where +it was wanting in charity, or momentarily disowned +by cowardice. In a word, though Celsus a hundred +years before had pronounced <span class="tei tei-q">“a man weak who +should hope to unite the three portions of the earth +in a common religion,”</span> that common Catholic faith +had been found, and a principle of empire was created +which had never before existed. The phenomenon +could not be mistaken; and the Roman statesman +saw he had to deal with a rival. Nor must we +suppose, because on the surface of the history we read +so much of the vicissitudes of imperial power, and +of the profligacy of its possessors, that the fabric of +government was not sustained by traditions of the +strongest temper, and by officials of the highest +sagacity. It was the age of lawyers and politicians; +and they saw more and more clearly that if Christianity +was not to revolutionize the empire, they must +follow out the line of action which Trajan and +Antoninus had pointed out. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Decius then had scarcely assumed the purple, when +he commenced that new policy against the Church +which was reserved to Diocletian, fifty years later, +to carry out to its own final refutation. He entered +on his power at the end of the year 249; and on the +January 20th following, the day on which the Church +still celebrates the event, St. Fabian, Bishop of Rome, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page71">[pg 71]</span><a name="Pg071" id="Pg071" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>obtained the crown of martyrdom. He had been pope +for the unusually long space of fourteen years, having +been elected in consequence of one of those remarkable +interpositions of Divine Providence of which we +now and then read in the first centuries of the Church. +He had come up to Rome from the country, in order +to be present at the election of a successor to Pope +Anteros. A dove was seen to settle on his head, and +the assembly rose up and forced him, to his surprise, +upon the episcopal throne. After bringing back the +relics of St. Pontian, his martyred predecessor, from +Sardinia, and having become the apostle of great part +of Gaul, he seemed destined to end his history in the +same happy quiet and obscurity in which he had lived; +but it did not become a pope of that primitive time to +die upon his bed, and he was reserved at length to +inaugurate in his own person, as chief pastor of the +Church, a fresh company of martyrs. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Suddenly an edict appeared for the extermination +of the name and religion of Christ. It was addressed +to the proconsuls and other governors of provinces; +and alleged or implied that the emperors, Decius and +his son, being determined to give peace to their subjects, +found the Christians alone an impediment to the +fulfilment of their purpose; and that, by reason of the +enmity which those sectaries entertained towards the +gods of Rome,—an enmity which was bringing down +upon the world multiplied misfortunes. Desirous, then, +above all things, of appeasing the divine anger, they +made an irrevocable ordinance that every Christian, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page72">[pg 72]</span><a name="Pg072" id="Pg072" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>without exception of rank, sex, or age, should be obliged +to sacrifice. Those who refused were to be thrown into +prison, and in the first instance submitted to moderate +punishments. If they conformed to the established +religion, they were to be rewarded; if not, they were +to be drowned, burned alive, exposed to the beasts, +hung upon the trees, or otherwise put to death. This +edict was read in the camp of the prætorians, posted +up in the Capitol, and sent over the empire by government +couriers. The authorities in each province were +themselves threatened with heavy penalties, if they did +not succeed in frightening or tormenting the Christians +into the profession of paganism. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +St. Fabian, as we have said, was the first-fruits of +the persecution, and eighteen months passed before his +successor could be appointed. In the course of the +next two months St. Pionius was burned alive at +Smyrna, and St. Nestor crucified in Pamphylia. At +Carthage some perplexity and delay were occasioned +by the absence of the proconsul. St. Cyprian, its +bishop, took advantage of the delay, and retired into +a place of concealment. The populace had joined +with the imperial government in seeking his life, and +had cried out furiously in the circus, demanding +him <span class="tei tei-q">“ad leonem,”</span> for the lion. A panic seized the +Christian body, and for a while there were far more +persons found to compromise their faith than to +confess it. It seemed as if Aristo’s anticipation was +justified, that Christianity was losing its hold upon +the mind of its subjects, and that nothing more was +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page73">[pg 73]</span><a name="Pg073" id="Pg073" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>needed for those who had feared it, than to let it die +a natural death. And at Sicca the Roman officials, +as far as ever they dared, seemed to act on this view. +Here Christians did no harm, they made no show, +and there was little or nothing in the place to provoke +the anger of the mob or to necessitate the interference +of the magistrate. The proconsul’s absence from +Carthage was both an encouragement and an excuse +for delay; and hence it was that, though we are +towards the middle of the year 250, and the edict +was published at Rome at its commencement, the +good people of Sicca had, as we have said, little +knowledge of what was taking place in the political +world, and whispered about vague presages of an +intended measure, which had been in some places in +operation for many months. Communication with +the seat of government was not so very frequent or +rapid in those days, and public curiosity had not +been stimulated by the facilities of gratifying it. +And thus we must account for a phenomenon, which +we uphold to be a fact in the instance of Sicca, in the +early summer of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-size: 75%">A.D.</span></span> 250, even though it prove unaccountable, +and history has nothing to say about it, +and in spite of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acta Diurna</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The case, indeed, is different now. In these times, +newspapers, railroads, and magnetic telegraphs make +us independent of government messengers. The proceedings +at Rome would have been generally and accurately +known in a few seconds; and then, by way of +urging forward the magistracy, a question of course +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page74">[pg 74]</span><a name="Pg074" id="Pg074" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>would have been asked in the parliament of Carthage +by the member for Sicca, or Laribus, or Thugga, or by +some one of the pagani, or country party, whether the +popular report was true, that an edict had been promulgated +at Rome against the Christians, and what +steps had been taken by the local authorities throughout +the proconsulate to carry out its provisions. And +then the <span class="tei tei-q">“Colonia Siccensis”</span> would have presented +some good or bad reason for the delay: that it arose +from the absence of the proconsul from the seat of +government, or from the unaccountable loss of the +despatch on its way from the coast; or, perhaps, on +the other hand, the under-secretary would have maintained, +amid the cheers of his supporters, that the edict +had been promulgated and carried out at Sicca to the +full, that crowds of Christians had at once sacrificed, +and that, in short, there was no one to punish; assertions +which at that moment were too likely to be verified +by the event. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +In truth, there were many reasons to make the +magistrates, both Roman and native, unwilling to +proceed in the matter, till they were obliged. No +doubt they one and all detested Christianity, and +would have put it down, if they could; but the question +was, when they came to the point, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">what</span></span> they +should put down. If, indeed, they could have got +hold of the ringleaders, the bishops of the Church, +they would have tortured and smashed them <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">con +amore</span></span>, as you would kill a wasp; and with the greater +warmth and satisfaction, just because it was so difficult +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page75">[pg 75]</span><a name="Pg075" id="Pg075" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>to get at them. Those bishops were a set of fellows +as mischievous as they were cowardly; they would +not come out and be killed, but they skulked in the +desert, and hid in masquerade. But why should +gentlemen in office, opulent and happy, set about +worrying a handful of idiots, old, or poor, or boys, or +women, or obscure, or amiable and well-meaning men, +who were but a remnant of a former generation, +and as little connected with the fanatics of Carthage, +Alexandria, or Rome, as the English freemasons may +seem to be with their namesakes on the continent? +True, Christianity was a secret society, and an illegal +religion; but would it cease to be so when those harmless +or respectable inhabitants of the place had been +mounted on the rack or the gibbet? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +And then, too, it was a most dangerous thing to +open the door to popular excitement;—who would be +able to shut it? Once rouse the populace, and it was +all over with the place. It could not be denied that +the bigoted and ignorant majority, not only of the +common people, but of the better classes, was steeped +in a bitter prejudice, and an intense, though latent, +hatred of Christianity. Besides the antipathy which +arose from the extremely different views of life and +duty taken by pagans and Christians, which would +give a natural impulse to persecution in the hearts +of the former, there were the many persons who wished +to curry favour at Rome with the government, and +had an eye to preferment or reward. There was +the pagan interest, extended and powerful, of that +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page76">[pg 76]</span><a name="Pg076" id="Pg076" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>numerous class which was attached to the established +religions by habit, position, interest, or the prospect of +advantage. There were all the great institutions or +establishments of the place; the law courts, the +schools of grammar and rhetoric, the philosophic +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">exedræ</span></span> and lecture-rooms, the theatre, the amphitheatre, +the market—all were, for one reason or +another, opposed to Christianity; and who could tell +where they would stop in their onward course, if they +were set in motion? <span class="tei tei-q">“Quieta non movenda”</span> was the +motto of the local government, native and imperial, +and that the more, because it was an age of revolutions, +and they might be most unpleasantly compromised +or embarrassed by the direction which the +movement took. Besides, Decius was not immortal; +in the last twelve years eight emperors had been cut +off, six of them in a few months; and who could tell +but the successor of the present might revert to the +policy of Philip, and feel no thanks to those who had +suddenly left it for a policy of blood. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +In this cautious course they would be powerfully +supported by the influence of personal considerations. +The Roman <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">officia</span></span>, the city magistrates, the heads of +the established religions, the lawyers, and the philosophers, +all would have punished the Christians, if they +could; but they could not agree whom to punish. +They would have agreed with great satisfaction, as we +have said, to inflict condign and capital punishment +upon the heads of the sect; and they would have had +no objection, if driven to do something, to get hold of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page77">[pg 77]</span><a name="Pg077" id="Pg077" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>some strangers or slaves, who might be a sort of scapegoats +for the rest; but it was impossible, when they +once began to persecute, to make distinctions, and +not a few of them had relations who were Christians, +or at least were on that border-land which the mob +might mistake for the domain of Christianity—Marcionites, +Tertullianists, Montanists, or Gnostics. When +once the cry of <span class="tei tei-q">“the gods of Rome”</span> was fairly up, it +would apply to tolerated religions as well as to illicit, +and an unhappy votary of Isis or Mithras might suffer, +merely because there were few Christians forthcoming. +A duumvir of the place had a daughter whom he +had turned out of his house for receiving baptism, and +who had taken refuge at Vacca. Several of the +decurions, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">tabularius</span></span> of the district, the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">scriba</span></span>, +one of the exactors, who lived in Sicca, various of the +retired gentry, whom we spoke of in a former chapter, +and various <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">attachés</span></span> of the prætorium, were in not +dissimilar circumstances. Nay, the priest of Esculapius +had a wife, whom he was very fond of, who, +though she promised to keep quiet, if things continued +as they were, nevertheless had the madness to vow +that, if there were any severe proceedings instituted +against her people, she would at once come forward, +confess herself a Christian, and throw water, instead +of incense, upon the sacrificial flame. Not to speak +of the venerable man’s tenderness for her, such an +exposure would seriously compromise his respectability, +and, as he was infirm and apoplectic, it was +a question whether Esculapius himself could save +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page78">[pg 78]</span><a name="Pg078" id="Pg078" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +him from the shock which would be the consequence. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The same sort of feeling operated with our good +friend Jucundus. He was attached to his nephew; +but, be it said without disrespect to him, he was more +attached to his own reputation; and, while he would +have been seriously annoyed at seeing Agellius exposed +to one of the panthers of the neighbouring forest, or +hung up by the feet, with the blood streaming from +his nose and mouth, as one of the dogs or kids of the +market, he would have disliked the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">éclat</span></span> of the thing +still more. He felt both anger and alarm at the +prospect; he was conscious he did not understand his +nephew, or (to use a common phrase) know where to +find him; he was aware that a great deal of tact was +necessary to manage him; and he had an instinctive +feeling that Juba was right in saying that it would +not do to threaten him with the utmost severity of +the law. He considered Callista’s hold on him was +the most promising quarter of the horizon; so he +came to a resolution to do as little as he could personally, +but to hold Agellius’s head, as far as he could, +steadily in the direction of that lady, and to see what +came of it. As to Juba’s assurance that Agellius was +not a Christian at heart, it was too good news to be +true; but still it might be only an anticipation of what +would be, when the sun of Greece shone out upon +him, and dispersed the remaining mists of Oriental +superstition. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +In this state of mind the old gentleman determined +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page79">[pg 79]</span><a name="Pg079" id="Pg079" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>one afternoon to leave his shop to the care of a slave, +and to walk down to his nephew, to judge for himself +of his state of mind; to bait his hook with Callista, +and to see if Agellius bit. There was no time to be +lost, for the publication of the edict might be made +any day; and then disasters might ensue which no +skill could remedy. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page80">[pg 80]</span><a name="Pg080" id="Pg080" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc15" id="toc15"></a><a name="pdf16" id="pdf16"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER VIII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">THE NEW GENERATION.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Jucundus, then, set out to see how the land lay with +his nephew, and to do what he could to prosper the +tillage. His way led him by the temple of Mercury, +which at that time subserved the purpose of a boy’s +school, and was connected with some academical +buildings, the property of the city, which lay beyond +it. It cannot be said that our friend was any warm +patron of literature or education, though he had not +neglected the schooling of his nephews. Letters +seemed to him in fact to unsettle the mind; and he +had never known much good come of them. Rhetoricians +and philosophers did not know where they +stood, or what were their bearings. They did not +know what they held, and what they did not. He +knew his own position perfectly well, and, though the +words <span class="tei tei-q">“belief”</span> or <span class="tei tei-q">“knowledge”</span> did not come into +his religious vocabulary, he could at once, without +hesitation, state what he professed and maintained. +He stood upon the established order of things, on the +traditions of Rome, and the laws of the empire; but +as to Greek sophists and declaimers, he thought very +much as old Cato did about them. The Greeks were +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page81">[pg 81]</span><a name="Pg081" id="Pg081" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>a very clever people, unrivalled in the fine arts; let +them keep to their strong point; they were inimitable +with the chisel, the brush, the trowel, and the fingers; +but he was not prepared to think much of their +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">calamus</span></span> or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">stylus</span></span>, poetry excepted. What did they +ever do but subvert received principles without substituting +any others? And then they were so likely to +take some odd turn themselves; you never could be +sure of them. Socrates, their patriarch, what was he +after all but a culprit, a convict, who had been obliged +to drink hemlock, dying under the hands of justice? +Was this a reputable end, a respectable commencement +of the philosophic family? It was very well for +Plato or Xenophon to throw a veil of romance over +the transaction, but this was the plain matter of fact. +Then Anaxagoras had been driven out of Athens for +his revolutionary notions; and Diogenes had been +accused, like the Christians, of atheism. The case +had been the same in more recent times. There had +been that madman, Apollonius, roaming about the +world; Apuleius, too, their neighbour, fifty years +before, a man of respectable station, a gentleman, but +a follower of the Greek philosophy, a dabbler in magic, +and a pretender to miracles. And so, in fact, of letters +generally; as in their own country Minucius, a contemporary +of Apuleius, became a Christian. Such, +too, had been his friend Octavius; such Cæcilius, who +even became one of the priests of the sect, and seduced +others from the religion he had left. One of them +had been the public talk for several years, and he +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page82">[pg 82]</span><a name="Pg082" id="Pg082" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>too originally a rhetorician, Thascius Cyprianus of +Carthage. It was the one thing which gave him some +misgiving about that little Callista, that she was a +Greek. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +As he passed the temple, the metal plate was sounding +as a signal for the termination of the school, and +on looking towards the portico with an ill-natured +curiosity, he saw a young acquaintance of his, a youth of +about twenty, coming out of it, leading a boy of about +half that age, with his satchel thrown over his shoulder. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, Arnobius,”</span><a id="noteref_2" name="noteref_2" href="#note_2"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">2</span></span></a> he cried, <span class="tei tei-q">“how does rhetoric +proceed? are we to take the law line, or turn professor? +Who’s the boy? some younger brother?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I’ve taken pity on the little fool,”</span> answered +Arnobius; <span class="tei tei-q">“these schoolmasters are a savage lot. +I suffered enough from them myself, and <span class="tei tei-q">‘miseris +succurrere disco.’</span> So I took him from under the +roof of friend Rupilius, and he’s under my tutelage. +How did he treat thee, boy?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“He treated me like a slave or a Christian,”</span> answered +he. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“He deserved it, I’ll warrant,”</span> said Jucundus; <span class="tei tei-q">“a +pert, forward imp. ’Twas Gete against Briton. Much +good comes of schooling! He’s a wicked one already. +Ah, the new generation! I don’t know where the +world’s going.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Tell the gentleman,”</span> said Arnobius, <span class="tei tei-q">“what he did +first to you, my boy.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page83">[pg 83]</span><a name="Pg083" id="Pg083" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“As the good gentleman says,”</span> answered the boy, +<span class="tei tei-q">“first I did something to him, and then he did something +to me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I told you so,”</span> said Jucundus; <span class="tei tei-q">“a sensible boy, +after all; but the schoolmaster had the best of it, I’ll +wager.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“First,”</span> answered he, <span class="tei tei-q">“I grinned in his face, and +he took off his wooden shoe, and knocked out one of +my teeth.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Good,”</span> said Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“the justice of Pythagoras. +Zaleuchus could not have done better. The mouth +sins, and the mouth suffers.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Next,”</span> continued he, <span class="tei tei-q">“I talked in school-time to +my chum; and Rupilius put a gag in my jaws, and +kept them open for an hour.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The very Rhadamanthus of schoolmasters!”</span> cried +Jucundus: <span class="tei tei-q">“and thereupon you struck up a chant, +divine though inarticulate, like the statue of Memnon.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Then,”</span> said the boy, <span class="tei tei-q">“I could not say my Virgil, +and he tore the shirt from off my back, and gave it me +with the leather.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ay,”</span> answered Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘arma virumque’</span> +branded on your hide.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Afterwards I ate his dinner for him,”</span> continued +the boy, <span class="tei tei-q">“and then he screwed my head, and kept me +without food for two days.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Your throat, you mean,”</span> said Jucundus; <span class="tei tei-q">“a cautious +man! lest you should steal a draught or two of +good strong air.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And lastly,”</span> said he, <span class="tei tei-q">“I did not bring my pence, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page84">[pg 84]</span><a name="Pg084" id="Pg084" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>and then he tied my hands to a gibbet, and hung me +up <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in terrorem</span></span>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“There I came in,”</span> said Arnobius; <span class="tei tei-q">“he seemed a +pretty boy, so I cut him down, paid his æra, and took +him home.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And now he is your pupil?”</span> asked Jucundus. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Not yet,”</span> answered Arnobius; <span class="tei tei-q">“he is still a day-scholar +of the old wolf’s; one is like another; he could +not change for the better: but I am his bully, and +shall tutorize him some day. He’s a sharp lad, isn’t +he, Firmian?”</span> turning to the boy; <span class="tei tei-q">“a great hand at +composition for his years; better than I am, who never +shall write Latin decently. Yet what can I do? I +must profess and teach, for Rome is the only place for +the law, and these city professorships are not to be +despised.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Whom are you attending here?”</span> asked Jucundus, +drily. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You are the only man in Sicca who needs to ask +the question. What! not know the great Polemo of +Rhodes, the friend of Plotinus, the pupil of Theagenes, +the disciple of Thrasyllus, the hearer of Nicomachus, +who was of the school of Secundus, the doctor +of the new Pythagoreans? Not feel the presence in +Sicca of Polemo, the most celebrated, the most intolerable +of men? That, however, is not his title, but the +<span class="tei tei-q">‘godlike,’</span> or the <span class="tei tei-q">‘oracular,’</span> or the <span class="tei tei-q">‘portentous,’</span> or +something else as impressive. Every one goes to him. +He is the rage. I should not have a chance of success +if I could not say that I had attended his +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page85">[pg 85]</span><a name="Pg085" id="Pg085" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>lectures; though I’d be bound our little Firmian here +would deliver as good. He’s the very cariophyllus of +human nature. He comes to the schools in a litter of +cedar, ornamented with silver and covered with a +lion’s skin, slaves carrying him, and a crowd of friends +attending, with the state of a proconsul. He is +dressed in the most exact style; his pallium is of the +finest wool, white, picked out with purple; his tresses +flow with unguent, his fingers glitter with rings, and +he smells like Idalium. As soon as he puts foot on +earth, a great hubbub of congratulation and homage +breaks forth. He takes no notice; his favourite pupils +form a circle round him, and conduct him into one +of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">exedræ</span></span>, till the dial shows the time for lecture. +Here he sits in silence, looking at nothing, or at the +wall opposite him, talking to himself, a hum of admiration +filling the room. Presently one of his pupils, +as if he were præco to the duumvir, cries out, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Hush, +gentlemen, hush! the godlike’</span>—no, it is not that. I’ve +not got it. What <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></span> his title? <span class="tei tei-q">‘the Bottomless,’</span> that’s +it—<span class="tei tei-q">‘the Bottomless speaks.’</span> A dead silence ensues; +a clear voice and a measured elocution are the sure +token that it is the outpouring of the oracle. <span class="tei tei-q">‘Pray,’</span> +says the little man, <span class="tei tei-q">‘pray, which existed first, the egg +or the chick? Did the chick lay the egg, or the egg +hatch the chick?’</span> Then there ensues a whispering, a +disputing, and after a while a dead silence. At the +end of a quarter of an hour or so, our præco speaks +again, and this time to the oracle. <span class="tei tei-q">‘Bottomless man,’</span> +he says, <span class="tei tei-q">‘I have to represent to you that no one of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page86">[pg 86]</span><a name="Pg086" id="Pg086" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the present company finds himself equal to answer the +question, which your condescension has proposed to our +consideration!’</span> On this there is a fresh silence, and at +length a fresh <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">effatum</span></span> from the hierophant: <span class="tei tei-q">‘Which +comes first, the egg or the chick? The egg comes first +in relation to the causativity of the chick, and the chick +comes first in relation to the causativity of the egg,’</span> on +which there is a burst of applause; the ring of adorers +is broken through, and the shrinking professor is carried +in the arms or on the shoulders of the literary crowd to +his chair in the lecture-room.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Much as there was in Arnobius’s description which +gratified Jucundus’s prejudices, he had suspicions of +his young acquaintance, and was not in the humour to +be pleased unreservedly with those who satirized anything +whatever that was established, or was appointed +by government, even affectation and pretence. He +said something about the wisdom of ages, the reverence +due to authority, the institutions of Rome, and the +magistrates of Sicca. <span class="tei tei-q">“Do not go after novelties,”</span> he +said to Arnobius; <span class="tei tei-q">“make a daily libation to Jove, the +preserver, and to the genius of the emperor, and then +let other things take their course.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“But you don’t mean I must believe all this man +says, because the decurions have put him here?”</span> cried +Arnobius. <span class="tei tei-q">“Here is this Polemo saying that Proteus +is matter, and that minerals and vegetables are his +flock; that Proserpine is the vital influence, and Ceres +the efficacy of the heavenly bodies; that there are +mundane spirits, and supramundane; and then his +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page87">[pg 87]</span><a name="Pg087" id="Pg087" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>doctrine about triads, monads, and progressions of the +celestial gods?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Hm!”</span> said Jucundus; <span class="tei tei-q">“they did not say so when +I went to school; but keep to my rule, my boy, and +swear by the genius of Rome and the emperor.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I don’t believe in god or goddess, emperor or +Rome, or in any philosophy, or in any religion at all,”</span> +said Arnobius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What!”</span> cried Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“you’re not going to +desert the gods of your ancestors?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ancestors?”</span> said Arnobius; <span class="tei tei-q">“I’ve no ancestors. +I’m not African certainly, not Punic, not Libophœnician, +not Canaanite, not Numidian, not Gætulian. +I’m half Greek, but what the other half is I don’t know. +My good old gaffer, you’re one of the old world. I +believe nothing. Who can? There is such a racket +and whirl of religions on all sides of me that I am sick +of the subject.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah, the rising generation!”</span> groaned Jucundus; +<span class="tei tei-q">“you young men! I cannot prophesy what you will +become, when we old fellows are removed from the +scene. Perhaps you’re a Christian?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Arnobius laughed. <span class="tei tei-q">“At least I can give you comfort +on that head, old grandfather. A pretty Christian +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> should make, indeed! seeing visions, to be sure, and +rejoicing in the rack and dungeon! I wish to enjoy +life; I see wealth, power, rank, and pleasure to be +worth living for, and I see nothing else.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well said, my lad,”</span> cried Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“well said; +stick to that. I declare you frightened me. Give up +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page88">[pg 88]</span><a name="Pg088" id="Pg088" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>all visions, speculations, conjectures, fancies, novelties, +discoveries; nothing comes of them but confusion.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“No, no,”</span> answered the youth; <span class="tei tei-q">“I’m not so wild +as you seem to think, Jucundus. It is true I don’t +believe one single word about the gods; but in their +worship was I born, and in their worship I will die.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Admirable!”</span> cried Jucundus in a transport; <span class="tei tei-q">“well, +I’m surprised; you have taken me by surprise. You’re +a fine fellow; you are a boy after my heart. I’ve a +good mind to adopt you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You see I can’t believe one syllable of all the +priests’ trash,”</span> said Arnobius; <span class="tei tei-q">“who does? not they. +I don’t believe in Jupiter or Juno, or in Astarte or +in Isis; but where shall I go for anything better? +or why need I seek anything good or bad in that +line? Nothing’s known anywhere, and life would go +while I attempted what is impossible. No, better +stay where I am; I may go further, and gain a loss +for my pains. So you see I am for myself, and for the +genius of Rome.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That’s the true principle,”</span> answered the delighted +Jucundus. <span class="tei tei-q">“Why, really, for so young a man, surprising! +Where <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">did</span></span> you get so much good sense, my +dear fellow? <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I’ve</span></span> seen very little of you. Well, +this I’ll say, you are a youth of most mature mind. +To be sure! Well! Such youths are rare now-a-days. +I congratulate you with all my heart on your strong +sense and your admirable wisdom. Who’d have +thought it? I’ve always, to tell the truth, had a little +suspicion of you; but you’ve come out nobly. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page89">[pg 89]</span><a name="Pg089" id="Pg089" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Capital! I don’t wish you to believe in the gods if +you can’t; but it’s your duty, dear boy, your duty to +Rome to maintain them, and to rally round them +when attacked.”</span> Then with a changed voice, he +added, <span class="tei tei-q">“Ah, that a young friend of mine had your +view of the matter!”</span> and then, fearing he had said +too much, he stopped abruptly. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You mean Agellius,”</span> said Arnobius. <span class="tei tei-q">“You’ve +heard, by-the-bye,”</span> he continued in a lower tone, +<span class="tei tei-q">“what’s the talk in the Capitol, that at Rome they +are proceeding on a new plan against the Christians +with great success. They don’t put to death, at +least at once; they keep in prison, and threaten +the torture. It’s surprising how many come over.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The Furies seize them!”</span> exclaimed Jucundus: +<span class="tei tei-q">“they deserve everything bad, always excepting my +poor boy. So they are cheating the hangman by +giving up their atheism, the vile reptiles, giving in to +a threat. However,”</span> he added gravely, <span class="tei tei-q">“I wish threats +would answer with Agellius; but I greatly fear that +menace would only make him stubborn. That stubbornness +of a Christian! O Arnobius!”</span> he said, shaking his +head and looking solemn, <span class="tei tei-q">“it’s a visitation from the +gods, a sort of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">nympholepsia</span></span>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It’s going out,”</span> said Arnobius, <span class="tei tei-q">“mark my words; +the frenzy is dying. It’s only wonderful it should +have lasted for three centuries. The report runs that +in some places, when the edict was published, the +Christians did not wait for a summons, but swept up +to the temples to sacrifice, like a shoal of tunnies. The +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page90">[pg 90]</span><a name="Pg090" id="Pg090" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>magistrates were obliged to take so many a day; and, +as the days went on, none so eager to bring over the +rest as those who have already become honest men. +Nay, not a few of their mystic or esoteric class have +conformed.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“If so, unless Agellius looks sharp,”</span> said Jucundus, +<span class="tei tei-q">“his sect will give him up before he gives up his sect. +Christianity will be converted before him.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Oh, don’t fear for him!”</span> said Arnobius; <span class="tei tei-q">“I knew +him at school. Boys differ; some are bold and open. +They like to be men, and to dare the deeds of men; +they talk freely, and take their swing in broad day. +Others are shy, reserved, bashful, and are afraid to do +what they love quite as much as the others. Agellius +never could rub off this shame, and it has taken this +turn. He’s sure to outgrow it in a year or two. I +should not wonder if, when once he had got over it, he +went into the opposite fault. You’ll find him a drinker +and a swaggerer and a spendthrift before many years +are over.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, that’s good news,”</span> said Jucundus; <span class="tei tei-q">“I mean, +I am glad you think he will shake off these fancies. +I don’t believe they sit very close to him myself.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He walked on for a while in silence; then he said, +<span class="tei tei-q">“That seems a sharp child, Arnobius. Could he do me +a service if I wanted it? Does he know Agellius?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Know him?”</span> answered the other; <span class="tei tei-q">“yes, and his +farm too. He has rambled round Sicca, many is the +mile. And he knows the short cuts, and the blind ways, +and safe circuits.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page91">[pg 91]</span><a name="Pg091" id="Pg091" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What’s the boy’s name?”</span> asked Jucundus. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Firmian,”</span> answered Arnobius. <span class="tei tei-q">“Firmian Lactantius.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I say, Firmian,”</span> said Jucundus to him, <span class="tei tei-q">“where are +you to be found of a day, my boy?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“At class morning and afternoon,”</span> answered Firmian, +<span class="tei tei-q">“sleeping in the porticoes in midday, nowhere +in the evening, and roosting with Arnobius at night.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And you can keep a secret, should it so happen?”</span> +asked Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“and do an errand, if I gave you +one?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I’ll give him the stick worse than Rupilius, if he +does not,”</span> said Arnobius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“A bargain,”</span> cried Jucundus; and, waving his hand +to them, he stept through the city gate, and they returned +to their afternoon amusements. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page92">[pg 92]</span><a name="Pg092" id="Pg092" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc17" id="toc17"></a><a name="pdf18" id="pdf18"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER IX.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">JUCUNDUS BAITS HIS TRAP.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius is busily employed upon his farm. While +the enemies of his faith are laying their toils for him +and his brethren in the imperial city, in the proconsular +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">officium</span></span>, and in the municipal curia,—while +Jucundus is scheming against him personally in another +way and with other intentions,—the unconscious object +of these machinations is busy about his master’s crops, +housing the corn in caves or pits, distilling the roses, +irrigating the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">khennah</span></span>, and training and sheltering the +vines. And he does so, not only from a sense of duty, +but the more assiduously, because he finds in constant +employment a protection against himself, against idle +thoughts, wayward wishes, discontent, and despondency. +It is doubtless very strange to the reader +how any one who professed himself a Christian in +good earnest should be open to the imputation of +resting his hopes and his heart in the tents of +paganism; but we do not see why Agellius has +not quite as much right to be inconsistent in one +way as Christians of the present time in another, +and perhaps he has more to say for himself than +they. They have not had the trial of solitude, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page93">[pg 93]</span><a name="Pg093" id="Pg093" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>nor the consequent temptation to which he has been +exposed, of seeking relief from his own thoughts in +the company of unbelievers. When a boy he had +received his education at that school in the Temple +of Mercury of which we heard in the foregoing +chapter; and though happily he had preserved himself +from the contagion of idolatry and sin, he had on +that very account formed no friendships with his +schoolfellows. Whether there were any Christians +there besides himself he did not know; but while +the worst of his schoolfellows were what heathen +boys may be supposed to be, the lightest censure +which could be passed on any was that they were +greedy, or quarrelsome, or otherwise unamiable. He +had learned there enough to open his mind, and to +give him materials for thinking, and instruments for +reflecting on his own religion, and for drawing out +into shape his own reflections. He had received just +that discipline which makes solitude most pleasant to +the old, and most insupportable to the young. He +had got a thousand questions which needed answers, +a thousand feelings which needed sympathy. He +wanted to know whether his guesses, his perplexities, +his trials of mind, were peculiar to himself, or how far +they were shared by others, and what they were worth. +He had capabilities for intellectual enjoyment unexercised, +and a thirst after knowledge unsatisfied. +And the channels of supernatural assistance were +removed from him at a time when nature was most +impetuous and most clamorous. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page94">[pg 94]</span><a name="Pg094" id="Pg094" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was under circumstances such as these that two +young Greeks, brother and sister, the brother older, +the sister younger, than Agellius, came to Sicca at +the invitation of Jucundus, who wanted them for his +trade. His nephew in time got acquainted with +them, and found in them what he had sought in vain +elsewhere. It is not that they were oracles of wisdom +or repositories of philosophical learning; their age +and their calling forbade it, nor did he require it. For +an oracle, of course, he would have looked in another +direction; but he desiderated something more on a +level with himself, and that they abundantly supplied. +He found, from his conversations with them, +that a great number of the questions which had been +a difficulty to him had already been agitated in the +schools of Greece. He found what solutions were +possible, what the hinge was on which questions +turned, what the issue to which they led, and what +the principle which lay at the bottom of them. He +began better to understand the position of Christianity +in the world of thought, and the view which was taken +of it by the advocates of other religions or philosophies. +He gained some insight into its logic, and +advanced, without knowing it, in the investigation of +its evidences. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Nor was this all; he acquired by means of his +new friends a great deal also of secular knowledge +as well as philosophical. He learned much of the +history of foreign countries, especially of Greece, of +its heroes and sages, its poets and its statesmen, of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page95">[pg 95]</span><a name="Pg095" id="Pg095" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Alexander, of the Syro-Macedonic empire, of the Jews, +and of the series of conquests through which Rome +advanced to universal dominion. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +To impart knowledge is as interesting as to acquire +it; and Agellius was called upon to give as well as to +take. The brother and sister, without showing any +great religious earnestness, were curious to know +about Christianity, and listened with the more +patience that they had no special attachment to any +other worship. In the debates which ensued, though +there was no agreement, there was the pleasure of +mental exercise and excitement; he found enough to +tell them without touching upon the more sacred +mysteries; and while he never felt his personal faith +at all endangered by their free conversation, his +charity, or at least his good-will and his gratitude, +led him to hope, or even to think, that they were +in the way of conversion themselves. In this thought +he was aided by his own innocence and simplicity; +and though, on looking back afterwards to this eventful +season, he recognized many trivial occurrences +which ought to have put him on his guard, yet he had +no suspicion at the time that those who conversed so +winningly, and sustained so gracefully and happily the +commerce of thought and sentiment, might in their +actual state, nay, in their governing principles, be in +utter contrariety to himself when the veil was removed +from off their hearts. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Nor was it in serious matters alone, but still more +on lighter occasions of intercourse, that Aristo and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page96">[pg 96]</span><a name="Pg096" id="Pg096" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Callista were attractive to the solitary Agellius. She +had a sweet thrilling voice, and accompanied herself +on the lyre. She could act the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">improvisatrice</span></span>, and her +expressive features were a running commentary on the +varied meaning, the sunshine and the shade, of her +ode or her epic. She could relate how the profane +Pentheus and the self-glorious Hippolytus gave a +lesson to the world of the feebleness of human virtue +when it placed itself in opposition to divine power. +She could teach how the chaste Diana manifests herself +to the simple shepherd Endymion, not to the great +or learned; and how Tithonus, the spouse of the Morn, +adumbrates the fate of those who revel in their youth, +as if it were to last for ever; and who, when old, do +nothing but talk of the days when they were young, +wearying others with tales of <span class="tei tei-q">“their amours or their +exploits, like grasshoppers that show their vigour only +by their chirping.”</span><a id="noteref_3" name="noteref_3" href="#note_3"><span class="tei tei-noteref"><span style="font-size: 60%; vertical-align: super">3</span></span></a> The very allegories which sickened +and irritated Arnobius when spouted out by +Polemo, touched the very chords of poor Agellius’s heart +when breathed forth from the lips of the beautiful +Greek. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She could act also; and suddenly, when conversation +flagged or suggested it, she could throw herself +into the part of Medea or Antigone, with a force and +truth which far surpassed the effect produced by the +male and masked representations of those characters +at the theatre. Brother and sister were Œdipus and +Antigone, Electra and Orestes, Cassandra and the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page97">[pg 97]</span><a name="Pg097" id="Pg097" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Chorus. Once or twice they attempted a scene in +Menander; but there was something which made +Agellius shrink from the comedy, beautiful as it was, +and clever as was the representation. Callista could +act Thais as truly as Iphigenia, but Agellius could +not listen as composedly. There are certain most +delicate instincts and perceptions in us which act as +first principles, and which, once effaced, can never, +except from some supernatural source, be restored +to the mind. When men are in a state of nature, +these are sinned against, and vanish very soon, at so +early a date in the history of the individual that +perhaps he does not recollect that he ever possessed +them; and since, like other first principles, they are +but very partially capable of proof, a general scepticism +prevails both as to their existence and their +truth. The Greeks, partly from the vivacity of their +intellect, partly from their passion for the beautiful, +lost these celestial adumbrations sooner than other +nations. When a collision arose on such matters +between Agellius and his friends, Callista kept silence; +but Aristo was not slow to express his wonder that +the young Christian should think customs or practices +wrong which, in his view of the matter, were as +unblamable and natural as eating, drinking, or sleeping. +His own face became almost satirical as Agellius’s +became grave; however, he was too companionable +and good-natured to force another to be happy +in his own way; he imputed to the extravagance of his +friend’s religion what in any but a Christian he would +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page98">[pg 98]</span><a name="Pg098" id="Pg098" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>have called moroseness and misanthropy; and he +bade his sister give over representations which, +instead of enlivening the passing hour, did but inflict +pain. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +This friendly intercourse had now gone on for some +months, as the leisure of both parties admitted. Once +or twice brother and sister had come to the suburban +farm; but for the most part, in spite of his intense +dislike of the city, he had for their sake threaded its +crowded and narrow thoroughfares, crossed its open +places, and presented himself at their apartments. +And was it very strange that a youth so utterly ignorant +of the world, and unsuspicious of evil, should not +have heard the warning voice which called him to +separate himself from heathenism, even in its most +specious form? Was it very strange, under these circumstances, +that a sanguine hope, the hope of the +youthful, should have led Agellius to overlook obstacles, +and beguile himself into the notion that Callista might +be converted, and make a good Christian wife? Well, +we have nothing more to say for him; if we have +not already succeeded in extenuating his offence, we +must leave him to the mercy, or rather to the justice, +of his severely virtuous censors. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +But all this while Jucundus had been conversing +with him; and, unless we are quick about it, we shall +lose several particulars which are necessary for those +who wish to pursue without a break the thread of his +history. His uncle had brought the conversation +round to the delicate point which had occasioned his +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page99">[pg 99]</span><a name="Pg099" id="Pg099" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>visit, and had just broken the ice. With greater tact, +and more ample poetical resources than we should +have given him credit for, he had been led from the +scene before him to those prospects of a moral and +social character which ought soon to employ the +thoughts of his dear Agellius. He had spoken of +vines and of their culture, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">apropos</span></span> of the dwarf vines +around him, which stood about the height of a currant-bush. +Thence he had proceeded to the subject of the +more common vine of Africa, which crept and crawled +along the ground, the extremity of each plant resting +in succession on the stock of that which immediately +preceded it. And now, being well into his subject, he +called to mind the high vine of Italy, which mounts +by the support of the slim tree to which it clings. +Then he quoted Horace on the subject of the marriage +of the elm and the vine. This lodged him <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in +medias res</span></span>; and Agellius’s heart beat when he found +his uncle proposing to him, as a thought of his own, +the very step which he had fancied was almost a +secret of his own breast, though Juba had seemed to +have some suspicion of it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“My dear Agellius,”</span> said Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“it would be +a most suitable proceeding. I have never taken to +marrying myself; it has not lain in my way, or +been to my taste. Your father did not set me an +encouraging example; but here you are living by +yourself, in this odd fashion, unlike any one else. +Perhaps you may come in time and live in Sicca. We +shall find some way of employing you, and it will be +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page100">[pg 100]</span><a name="Pg100" id="Pg100" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>pleasant to have you near me as I get old. However, +I mean it to be some time yet before Charon makes +a prize of me; not that I believe all that rubbish more +than you, Agellius, I assure you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It strikes me,”</span> Agellius began, <span class="tei tei-q">“that perhaps you +may think it inconsistent in me taking such a step, +but—”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ay, ay, that’s the rub,”</span> thought Jucundus; then +aloud, <span class="tei tei-q">“Inconsistent, my boy! who talks of inconsistency? +what superfine jackanapes dares to call it +inconsistent? You seem made for each other, Agellius—she +town, you country; she so clever and attractive, +and up to the world, you so fresh and Arcadian. +You’ll be quite the talk of the place.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That’s just what I don’t want to be,”</span> said Agellius. +<span class="tei tei-q">“I mean to say,”</span> he continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“that if I +thought it inconsistent with my religion to think of +Callista—”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Of course, of course,”</span> interrupted his uncle, who +took his cue from Juba, and was afraid of the workings +of Agellius’s human respect; <span class="tei tei-q">“but who knows you +have been a Christian? no one knows anything about +it. I’ll be bound they all think you an honest fellow +like themselves, a worshipper of the gods, without +crotchets or hobbies of any kind. I never told them +to the contrary. My opinion is, that if you were to +make your libation to Jove, and throw incense upon +the imperial altar to-morrow, no one would think it +extraordinary. They would say for certain that they +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page101">[pg 101]</span><a name="Pg101" id="Pg101" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>had seen you do it again and again. Don’t fancy for +an instant, my dear Agellius, that you have anything +whatever to get over.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius was getting awkward and mortified, as may +be easily conceived, and Jucundus saw it, but could +not make out why. <span class="tei tei-q">“My dear uncle,”</span> said the youth, +<span class="tei tei-q">“you are reproaching me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Not a bit of it,”</span> said Jucundus, confidently, <span class="tei tei-q">“not +a shadow of reproach; why should I reproach you? +We can’t be wise all at once; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> had my follies once, +as you may have had yours. It’s natural you should +grow more attached to things as they are,—things as +they are, you know,—as time goes on. Marriage, and +the preparation for marriage, sobers a man. You’ve +been a little headstrong, I can’t deny, and had your +fling in your own way; but <span class="tei tei-q">‘nuces pueris,’</span> as you +will soon be saying yourself on a certain occasion. +Your next business is to consider what kind of a +marriage you propose. I suppose the Roman, but +there is great room for choice even there.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It is a proverb how different things are in theory +and when reduced to practice. Agellius had thought +of the end more than of the means, and had had a +vision of Callista as a Christian, when the question of +rites and forms would have been answered by the +decision of the Church without his trouble. He <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">was</span></span> +somewhat sobered by the question, though in a different +way from what his uncle wished and intended. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Jucundus proceeded—<span class="tei tei-q">“First, there is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">matrimonium +confarreationis</span></span>. You have nothing to do with that: +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page102">[pg 102]</span><a name="Pg102" id="Pg102" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>strictly speaking, it is obsolete; it went out with the +exclusiveness of the old patricians. I say <span class="tei tei-q">‘strictly +speaking’</span>; for the ceremonies remain, waiving the +formal religious rite. Well, my dear Agellius, I don’t +recommend this ceremonial to you. You’d have to +kill a porker, to take out the entrails, to put away the +gall, and to present it to Juno Pronuba. And there’s +fire, too, and water, and frankincense, and a great +deal of the same kind, which I think undesirable, and +you would too; for there, I am sure, we are agreed. +We put this aside then, the religious marriage. Next +comes the marriage <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ex coemptione</span></span>, a sort of mercantile +transaction. In this case the parties buy each +other, and become each other’s property. Well, +every man to his taste; but for me, I don’t like to be +bought and sold. I like to be my own master, and +am suspicious of anything irrevocable. Why should +you commit yourself (do you see?) for ever, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">for ever</span></span>, +to a girl you know so little of? Don’t look surprised: +it’s common sense. It’s very well to buy +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">her</span></span>; but to be bought, that’s quite another matter. +And I don’t know that you can. Being a Roman +citizen yourself, you can only make a marriage +with a citizen; now the question is whether Callista +is a citizen at all. I know perfectly well the sweeping +measure some years back of Caracalla, which +made all freemen citizens of Rome, whatever might +be their country; but that measure has never been +carried out in fact. You’d have very great difficulty +with the law and the customs of the country; and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page103">[pg 103]</span><a name="Pg103" id="Pg103" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>then, after all, if the world were willing to gratify +you, where’s your proof she is a freewoman? My +dear boy, I must speak out for your good, though +you’re offended with me. I wish you to have her, +I do; but you can’t do impossibilities—you can’t +alter facts. The laws of the empire allow you to +have her in a certain definite way, and no other; +and you cannot help the law being what it is. I +say all this, even on the supposition of her being a +freewoman; but it is just possible she may be in +law a slave. Don’t start in that way; the pretty +thing is neither better nor worse for what she cannot +help. I say it for your good. Well, now I’m coming +to my point. There is a third kind of marriage, and +that is what I should recommend for you. It’s the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">matrimonium ex usu</span></span>, or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">consuetudine</span></span>; the great advantage +here is, that you have no ceremonies whatever, +nothing which can in any way startle your sensitive +mind. In that case, a couple are at length man and +wife <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">præscriptione</span></span>. You are afraid of making a stir +in Sicca; in this case you would make none. You +would simply take her home here; if, as time went +on, you got on well together, it would be a marriage; +if not,”</span>—and he shrugged his shoulders—<span class="tei tei-q">“no harm’s +done; you are both free.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius had been sitting on a gate of one of the +vineyards; he started on his feet, threw up his arms, +and made an exclamation. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Listen, listen, my dear boy!”</span> cried Jucundus, +hastening to explain what he considered the cause of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page104">[pg 104]</span><a name="Pg104" id="Pg104" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>his sudden annoyance; <span class="tei tei-q">“listen, just one moment, +Agellius, if you can. Dear, dear, how I wish I knew +where to find you! What <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></span> the matter? I’m not +treating her ill, I’m not indeed. I have not had any +notion at all even of hinting that you should leave her, +unless you both wished the bargain rescinded. No, but +it is a great rise for her; you are a Roman, with property, +with position in the place; she’s a stranger, and +without a dower: nobody knows whence she came, or +anything about her. She ought to have no difficulty +about it, and I am confident will have none.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O my good, dear uncle! O Jucundus, Jucundus!”</span> +cried Agellius, <span class="tei tei-q">“is it possible? do my ears hear +right? What is it you ask me to do?”</span> and he burst +into tears. <span class="tei tei-q">“Is it conceivable,”</span> he said, with energy, +<span class="tei tei-q">“that you are in earnest in recommending me—I say +in recommending me—a marriage which really would +be no marriage at all?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Here is some very great mistake,”</span> said Jucundus, +angrily; <span class="tei tei-q">“it arises, Agellius, from your ignorance of +the world. You must be thinking I recommend you +mere <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">contubernium</span></span>, as the lawyers call it. Well, I +confess I did think of that for a moment, it occurred +to me; I should have liked to have mentioned it, but +knowing how preposterously touchy and skittish you +are on supposed points of honour, or sentiment, or +romance, or of something or other indescribable, I +said not one word about that. I have only wished to +consult for your comfort, present and future. You +don’t do me justice, Agellius. I have been attempting +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page105">[pg 105]</span><a name="Pg105" id="Pg105" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>to smooth your way. You <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></span> act according to the +received usages of society! you cannot make a world +for yourself. Here have I proposed three or four +ways for your proceeding: you will have none of +them. What <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">will</span></span> you have? I thought you didn’t +like ceremonies; I thought you did not like the established +ways. Go, then, do it in the old fashion; kill +your sheep, knead your meal, light your torches, sing +your song, summon your flamen, if he’ll come. Any +how, take your choice; do it either with religion or +without.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O Jucundus!”</span> said the poor fellow, <span class="tei tei-q">“am I then +come to this?”</span> and he could say no more. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +His distress was not greater than his uncle’s disappointment, +perplexity, and annoyance. The latter +had been making everything easy for Agellius, and +he was striking, do what he would, on hidden, inexplicable +impediments, whichever way he moved. He +got more and more angry the more he thought about +it. An unreasonable, irrational coxcomb! He had +heard a great deal of the portentous stubbornness of +a Christian, and now he understood what it was. It +was in his blood, he saw; an offensive, sour humour, +tainting him from head to foot. A very different +recompense had he deserved. There had he come all +the way from his home from purely disinterested +feelings. He had no motive whatever, but a simple +desire of his nephew’s welfare; what other motive +could he have? <span class="tei tei-q">“Let Agellius go to the crows,”</span> he +thought, <span class="tei tei-q">“if he will; what is it to me if he is seized +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page106">[pg 106]</span><a name="Pg106" id="Pg106" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>for a Christian, hung up like a dog, or thrown like a +dead rat into the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">cloaca</span></span> of the prison? What care I if +he is made a hyæna’s breakfast in the amphitheatre, +all Sicca looking on, or if he is nailed on a cross for +the birds to peck at before my door? Ungrateful +puppy! it is no earthly concern of mine what becomes +of him. I shall be neither better nor worse. No +one will say a word against Jucundus; he will not +lose a single customer, or be shunned by a single jolly +companion, for the exposure of his nephew. But +a man can’t be saved against his will. Here am I, full +of expedients and resources for his good; there is he, +throwing cold water on everything, and making difficulties +as if he loved them. It’s his abominable +pride, that’s the pith of the matter. He could not +have behaved worse though I had played the bully +with him, and had reproached him with his Christianity. +But I have studiously avoided every subject +which could put his back up. He’s a very Typhon +or Enceladus for pride. Here he’d give his ears to +have done with Christianity; he wants to have this +Callista; he wants to buy her at the price of his religion; +but he’d rather be burned than say, I’ve +changed! Let him reap as he has sown; why should +I coax him further to be merciful to himself? Well +Agellius,”</span> he said aloud, <span class="tei tei-q">“I’m going back.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius, on the other hand, had his own thoughts; +and the most urgent of them at the moment was sorrow +that he had hurt his uncle. He was sincerely +attached to him, in consequence of his faithful +guar<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page107">[pg 107]</span><a name="Pg107" id="Pg107" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>dianship, his many acts of kindness, the reminiscences +of childhood, nay, the love he bore to the good points +of his character. To him he owed his education and +his respectable position. He could not bear his +anger, and he had a fear of his authority; but what +was to be done? Jucundus, in utter insensibility to certain +instincts and rules which in Christianity are first +principles, had, without intending it, been greatly dishonouring +Agellius, and his passion, and the object +of it. Uncle and nephew had been treading on each +other’s toes, and each was wincing under the mischance. +It was Agellius’s place, as the younger, to +make advances, if he could, to an adjustment of the +misunderstanding; and he wished to find some +middle way. And, also, it is evident he had another +inducement besides his tenderness to Jucundus to +urge him to do so. In truth, Callista exerted a tremendous +sway over him. The conversation which +had just passed ought to have opened his eyes, and +made him understand that the very first step in any +negotiations between them was her <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">bonâ fide</span></span> conversion. +It was evident he could not, he literally had +not the power of marrying her as a heathen. Roman +might marry a Roman; but a degradation of each +party in the transaction was the only way by which +a Roman could make any sort of marriage with a +Greek. If she were converted, they would be both of +them under the rules of the Catholic Church. But +what prospect was there of so happy an event? What +had ever fallen from her lips which looked that way? +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page108">[pg 108]</span><a name="Pg108" id="Pg108" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Could not a clever girl throw herself into the part of +Alcestis, or chant the majestic verses of Cleanthes, or +extemporize a hymn upon the spring, or hold an argument +on the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">pulchrum</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">utile</span></span>, without having any +leaning towards Christianity? A calm, sweet voice, +a noble air, an expressive countenance, refined and +decorous manners, were these specific indications of +heavenly grace? Ah, poor Agellius! a fascination is +upon you; and so you are thinking of some middle +term, which is to reconcile your uncle and you; and +therefore you begin as follows:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I see by your silence, Jucundus, that you are +displeased with me, you who are always so kind. +Well, it comes from my ignorance of things; it does +indeed. I ask your forgiveness for anything which +seemed ungrateful in my behaviour, though there is +not ingratitude in my heart. I am too much of a boy +to see things beforehand, and to see them in all their +bearings. You took me by surprise by talking on the +subject which led to our misunderstanding. I will not +conceal for an instant that I like Callista very much; +and that the more I see her, I like her the more. It +strikes me that, if you break the matter to Aristo, he +and I might have some talk together, and understand +each other.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Jucundus was hot-tempered, but easily pacified; +and he really did wish to be on confidential terms with +his nephew at the present crisis; so he caught at his +apology. <span class="tei tei-q">“Now you speak like a reasonable fellow, +Agellius,”</span> he answered. <span class="tei tei-q">“Certainly, I will speak to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page109">[pg 109]</span><a name="Pg109" id="Pg109" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Aristo, as you wish; and on this question of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">consuetudo</span></span> +or prescription. Well, don’t begin looking queer again. +I mean I will speak to him on the whole question and +its details. He and I will talk together for our respective +principals. We shall soon come to terms, I +warrant you; and then <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span> shall talk with him. Come, +show me round your fields,”</span> he continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“and let +me see how you will be able to present things to your +bride. A very pretty property it is. I it was who +was the means of your father thinking of it. You +have heard me say so before now, and all the circumstances.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“He was at Carthage at this time, undecided what +to do with himself. It so happened that Julia Clara’s +estates were just then in the market. An enormous +windfall her estates were. Old Didius was emperor +just before my time; he gave all his estates to his +daughter as soon as he assumed the purple. Poor +lady! she did not enjoy them long; Severus confiscated +the whole, not, however, for the benefit of the +state, but of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">res privata</span></span>. They are so large in +Africa alone, that, as you know, you are under a +special procurator. Well, they did not come into the +market at once; the existing farmers were retained. +Marcus Juventius farmed a very considerable portion +of them; they were contiguous, and dovetailed into +his own lands, and accordingly, when he got into +trouble, and had to sell his leases, there were certain +odds and ends about Sicca which it was proposed to +lease piecemeal. Your employer, Varius, would have +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page110">[pg 110]</span><a name="Pg110" id="Pg110" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>given any money for them, but I was beforehand with +him. Nothing like being on the spot; he was on +business of the proconsul at Adrumetum. I sent off +Hispa instantly to Strabo; not an hour’s delay after +I heard of it. The sale was at Carthage; he went to +his old commander, who used his influence, and the +thing was done.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I venture to say there’s not such a snug little farm +in all Africa; and I am sanguine we shall get a renewal, +though Varius will do his utmost to outbid us. Ah, +my dear Agellius, if there is but a suspicion you are +not a thorough-going Roman! Well, well,—here! +ease me through this gate, Agellius; I don’t know +what’s come to the gate since I was here. Indeed!—yes! +you have improved this very much. That small +arbour is delicious; but you want an image, an Apollo +or a Diana. Ah! do now stop for a moment; why +are you going forward at such a pace? I’ll give you +an image: it shall be one that you will really like. +Well, you won’t have it? I beg you ten thousand +pardons. Ha, ha! I mean nothing. Ha, ha, ha! +Oh, what an odd world it is! Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha! +Well, I am keeping you from your labourers. Ha, ha, +ha!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +And having thus smoothed his own ruffled temper, +and set things right, as he considered, with Agellius, +the old pagan took his journey homewards, assuring +Agellius that he would make all things clear for him +in a very short time, and telling him to be sure to +make a call upon Aristo before the ensuing calends. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page111">[pg 111]</span><a name="Pg111" id="Pg111" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc19" id="toc19"></a><a name="pdf20" id="pdf20"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER X.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">THE DIVINE CALLISTA.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The day came which Agellius had fixed for paying +his promised visit to Aristo. It is not to be denied +that, in the interval, the difficulties of the business +which occasioned his visit had increased upon his +apprehensions. Callista was not yet a Christian, nor +was there any reason for saying that a proposal of +marriage would make her one; and a strange sort of +convert she would be, if it did. He would not suffer +himself to dwell upon difficulties which he was determined +never should be realized. No; of course a +heathen he could not marry, but a heathen Callista +should not be. He did not see the process, but he +was convinced she would become a Christian. Yet +somehow so it was, that, if he was able to stultify his +reason, he did not quite succeed to his satisfaction +with his conscience. Every morning found him less +satisfied with himself, and more disposed to repent of +having allowed his uncle to enter on the subject with +Aristo. But it was a thing done and over; he must +either awkwardly back out, or he must go on. His +middle term, as he hastily had considered it, was +nothing else than siding with his uncle, and +com<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page112">[pg 112]</span><a name="Pg112" id="Pg112" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>mitting himself to go all lengths, unless some difficulty +rose with the other party. Yet could he really wish +that the step had not been taken? Was it not plain +that if he was to put away Callista from his affections, +he must never go near her? And was he to fall back +on his drear solitude, and lose that outlet of thought +and relief of mind which he had lately found in the +society of his Greek friends? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +We may easily believe that he was not very peaceful +in heart when he set out on that morning to call +upon Aristo; yet he would not allow that he was +doing wrong. He recurred to the pleasant imagination +that Callista would certainly become a Christian, +and dwelt pertinaciously upon it. He could not tell +on what it was founded; he knew enough of his +religion not to mean that she was too good to be a +heathen; so it is to be supposed he meant that he +discerned what he hoped were traces of some supernatural +influence operating upon her mind. He had +a perception, which he could not justify by argument, +that there was in Callista a promise of something +higher than anything she yet was. He felt a strange +sympathy with her, which certainly unless he utterly +deceived himself, was not based on anything merely +natural or human,—a sympathy the more remarkable +from the contrariety which existed between them in +matters of religious belief. And hope having blown +this large and splendid bubble, sent it sailing away, +and it rose upon the buoyant atmosphere of youth, +beautiful to behold. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page113">[pg 113]</span><a name="Pg113" id="Pg113" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +And yet, as Agellius ascended the long flight of +marble steps which led the foot-passenger up into +that fair city, while the morning sun was glancing +across them, and surveyed the outline of the many +sumptuous buildings which crested and encircled the +hill, did he not know full well that iniquity was written +on its very walls, and spoke a solemn warning to a +Christian heart to go out of it, to flee it, not to take up +a home in it, not to make alliance with anything in it? +Did he not know from experience full well that, when +he got into it, his glance could no longer be unrestrained, +or his air free; but that it would be necessary +for him to keep a control upon his senses, and +painfully guard himself against what must either be +a terror to him and an abhorrence, or a temptation? +Enter in imagination into a town like Sicca, and you +will understand the great Apostle’s anguish at seeing +a noble and beautiful city given up to idolatry. Enter +it, and you will understand why it was that the poor +priest, of whom Jucundus spoke so bitterly, hung his +head, and walked with timid eyes and clouded brow +through the joyous streets of Carthage. Hitherto we +have only been conducting heathens through it, boys +or men, Jucundus, Arnobius, and Firmian; but now a +Christian enters it with a Christian’s heart and a +Christian’s hope. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Well is it for us, dear reader, that we in this age +do not experience—nay, a blessed thing that we cannot +even frame to ourselves in imagination—the actual +details of evil which hung as an atmosphere over the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page114">[pg 114]</span><a name="Pg114" id="Pg114" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>cities of Pagan Rome. An Apostle calls the tongue +<span class="tei tei-q">“a fire, a world of iniquity, untameable, a restless +evil, a deadly poison;”</span> and surely what he says applies +to hideous thoughts represented to the eye, as well as +when they are made to strike upon the ear. Unfortunate +Agellius! what takes you into the city this +morning? Doubtless some urgent, compulsive duty; +otherwise you would not surely be threading its lanes +or taking the circuit of its porticoes, amid sights which +now shock and now allure; fearful sights—not here +and there, but on the stateliest structures and in the +meanest hovels, in public offices and private houses, in +central spots and at the corners of the streets, in +bazaars and shops and house-doors, in the rudest workmanship +and in the highest art, in letters or in emblems +or in paintings—the insignia and the pomp of Satan +and of Belial, of a reign of corruption and a revel of +idolatry which you can neither endure nor escape. +Wherever you go it is all the same; in the police-court +on the right, in the military station on the left, in the +crowd around the temple, in the procession with its +victims and its worshippers who walk to music, in the +language of the noisy market-people; wherever you +go, you are accosted, confronted, publicly, shamelessly, +now as if a precept of religion, now as if a +homage to nature, by all which, as a Christian, you +shrink from and abjure. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It is no accident of the season or of the day; it is +the continuous tradition of some thousands of years; +it is the very orthodoxy of the myriads who have +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page115">[pg 115]</span><a name="Pg115" id="Pg115" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>lived and died there. There was a region once, in an +early age, lying upon the Eastern Sea, which is said +at length to have vomited out its inhabitants for their +frightful iniquity. They, thus cast forth, took ship, +and passed over to the southern coast; and then, +gradually settling and spreading into the interior, they +peopled the woody plains and fertile slopes of Africa, +and filled it with their cities. Sicca is one of these +set up in sin; and at the time of which we write that +sin was basking under the sun, and rioting and extending +itself to its amplest dimensions, like some +glittering serpent or spotted pard of the neighbourhood, +without interposition from heaven or earth in +correction of so awful a degradation. In such scenes +of unspeakable pollution, our Christian forefathers +perforce lived; through such a scene, though not +taking part in it, Agellius, blessed with a country +home, is unnecessarily passing. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He has reached the house, or rather the floor, to +which he has been making his way. It is at the back +of the city, where the rock is steep; and it looks out +upon the plain and the mountain range to the north. +Its inmates, Aristo and Callista, are engaged in their +ordinary work of moulding or carving, painting or +gilding the various articles which the temples or the +private shrines of the established religion required. +Aristo has received from Jucundus the overtures +which Agellius had commissioned him to make, and +finds, as he anticipated, that they are no great news +to his sister. She perfectly understands what is going +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page116">[pg 116]</span><a name="Pg116" id="Pg116" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>on, but does not care to speak much upon it, till +Agellius makes his appearance. As they sit at work, +Aristo speaks:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius will make his appearance here this morning. +I say, Callista, what can he be coming for?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why, if your news be true, that the Christians are +coming into trouble, of course he means to purchase, +as a blessing on him, some of these bits of gods.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You are sharp enough, my little sister,”</span> answered +Aristo, <span class="tei tei-q">“to know perfectly well who is the goddess he +is desirous of purchasing.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista laughed carelessly, but made no reply. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Come, child,”</span> Aristo continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“don’t be cruel +to him. Wreath a garland for him by the time he +comes. He’s well to do, and modest withal, and +needs encouragement.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“He’s well enough,”</span> said Callista. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I say he’s a fellow too well off to be despised as +a lover,”</span> proceeded her brother, <span class="tei tei-q">“and it would be a +merit with the gods to rid him of his superstition.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Not much of a Christian,”</span> she made answer, <span class="tei tei-q">“if he +is set upon me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“For whose sake has he been coming here so often, +mine or yours, Callista?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am tired of such engagements,”</span> she replied. +She went on with her painting, and several times +seemed as if she would have spoken, but did not. +Then, without interrupting her work, she said calmly, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Time was, it gratified my conceit and my feelings +to have hangers on. Indeed, without them, how +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page117">[pg 117]</span><a name="Pg117" id="Pg117" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>should we have had means to come here? But there’s +a weariness in all things.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“A weariness! Where is this bad humour to end?”</span> +cried Aristo; <span class="tei tei-q">“it has been a long fit; shake it off +while you can, or it will be too much for you. What +can you mean? a weariness! You are over young to +bid youth farewell. Aching hearts for aching bones. +So young and so perverse! We must take things as +the gods give them. You will ask for them in vain +when you are old. One day above, another day +beneath; one while young, another while old. Enjoy +life while you have it in your hand.”</span> He had +said this as he worked. Then he stopped, and turned +round to her, with his graving-tool in his hand. <span class="tei tei-q">“Recollect +old Lesbia, how she used to squeak out to me, +with her nodding head and trembling limbs”</span>—here +he mimicked the old crone—<span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘My boy, take your +pleasure while you can. I can’t take pleasure—my +day is over; but I don’t reproach myself. I had a +merry time of it while it lasted. Time stops for no +one, but I did my best; I don’t reproach myself.’</span> +There’s the true philosopher, though a slave; more +outspoken than Æsop, more practical than Epictetus.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista began singing to herself:— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">I wander by that river’s brink</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 6.40em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Which circles Pluto’s drear domain;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">I feel the chill night breeze, and think</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 6.40em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Of joys which ne’er shall be again.</span></div> + +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">I count the weeds that fringe the shore,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 6.40em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Each sluggish wave that rolls and rolls;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">I hear the ever-splashing oar</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 6.40em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Of Charon, ferryman of souls.</span></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page118">[pg 118]</span><a name="Pg118" id="Pg118" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Heigho!”</span> she continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“little regret, but much +dread. The young have to fear more than the old +have to mourn over. The future outweighs the past. +Life is not so sweet as death is bitter. It is hard to +quit the light, the light of heaven.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Callistidion!”</span> he said, impatiently; <span class="tei tei-q">“my girl, this +is preposterous. How long is this to go on? We +must take you to Carthage; there is more trade there, +if we can get it; and it will be on the bright, far-resounding +sea. And I will turn rhetorician, and +you shall feed my classes.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O beautiful, divine light,”</span> she continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“what +a loss! O, to think that one day I must lose you for +ever! At home I used to lie awake at night longing +for the morning, and crying out for the god of day. +It was like choice wine to me, a cup of Chian, the +first streaks of the Aurora, and I could hardly bear +his bright coming, when he came to me like Semele, +for rapture. How gloriously did he shoot over the +hills! and then anon he rested awhile on the snowy +summit of Olympus, as in some luminous shrine, gladdening +the Phrygian plain. Fair, bright-haired god! +thou art my worship, if Callista worships aught: but +somehow I worship nothing now. I am weary.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well,”</span> said her brother in a soothing tone, <span class="tei tei-q">“it is +a change. That light, elastic air, that transparent +heaven, that fresh temperate breeze, that majestic sea! +Africa is not Greece; O, the difference! That’s it, +Callista; it is the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">nostalgia</span></span>; you are home-sick.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It may be so,”</span> she said; <span class="tei tei-q">“I do not well know +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page119">[pg 119]</span><a name="Pg119" id="Pg119" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>what I would have. Yes, the poisonous dews, the +heavy heat, the hideous beasts, the green fever-gendering +swamps. This vast thickly-wooded plain, like +some mysterious labyrinth, oppresses and disquiets +me with its very richness. The luxuriant foliage, the +tall, rank plants, the deep, close lanes, I do not see +my way through them, and I pant for breath. I only +breathe freely on this hill. O, how unlike Greece, +with the clear, soft, delicate colouring of its mountains, +and the pure azure or the purple of its waters!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“But, my dear Callista,”</span> interrupted her brother, +<span class="tei tei-q">“recollect you are not in those oppressive, gloomy +forests, but in Sicca, and no one asks you to penetrate +them. And if you want mountains, I think those on +the horizon are bare enough.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And the race of man,”</span> she continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“is worse +than all. Where is the genius of our bright land? +where its intelligence, playfulness, grace, and noble +bearing? Here hearts are as black as brows, and +smiles as treacherous as the adders of the wood. The +natives are crafty and remorseless; they never relax; +they have no cheerfulness or mirth; their very love +is a furnace, and their sole ecstasy is revenge.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“No country like home to any of us,”</span> said Aristo; +<span class="tei tei-q">“yet here you are. Habit would be a second nature +if you were here long enough; your feelings would +become acclimated, and would find a new home. +People get to like the darkness of the extreme north +in course of time. The painted Britons, the Cimmerians, +the Hyperboreans, are content never to see the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page120">[pg 120]</span><a name="Pg120" id="Pg120" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>sun at all, which is your god. Here your own god +reigns; why quarrel with him?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The sun of Greece is light,”</span> answered Callista; +<span class="tei tei-q">“the sun of Africa is fire. I am no fire-worshipper.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I suspect even Styx and Phlegethon are tolerable, +at length,”</span> said her brother, <span class="tei tei-q">“if Phlegethon and Styx +there be, as the poets tell us.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The cold, foggy Styx is the north,”</span> said Callista, +<span class="tei tei-q">“and the south is the scorching, blasting Phlegethon, +and Greece, clear, sweet, and sunny, is the Elysian +fields.”</span> And she continued her improvisations:— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Where are the islands of the blest?</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 6.40em"><span style="font-size: 80%">They stud the Ægean sea;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">And where the deep Elysian rest?</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">It haunts the vale where Peneus strong</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Pours his incessant stream along,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">While craggy ridge and mountain bare</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Cut keenly through the liquid air,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">And, in their own pure tints arrayed,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Scorn earth’s green robes which change and fade,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">And stand in beauty undecayed,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 6.40em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Guards of the bold and free.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“A lower flight, if you please, just now,”</span> said +Aristo, interrupting her. <span class="tei tei-q">“I do really wish a serious +word with you about Agellius. He’s a fellow I can’t +help liking, in spite of his misanthropy. Let me +plead his cause. Like him or not yourself, still he +has a full purse; and you will do a service to yourself +and to the gods of Greece, and to him too, if you will +smile on him. Smile on him at least for a time; we +will go to Carthage when you are tired. His looks +have very little in them of a Christian left; you may +blow it away with your breath.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page121">[pg 121]</span><a name="Pg121" id="Pg121" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“One might do worse than be a Christian,”</span> she answered +slowly, <span class="tei tei-q">“if all is true that I have heard of them.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Aristo started up in irritation. <span class="tei tei-q">“By all the gods +of Olympus,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“this is intolerable! If a man +wants a tormentor, I commend him to a girl like you. +What has ailed thee some time past, you silly child? +What have I done to you that you should have got so +cross and contrary and so hard to please?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I mean,”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“if I were a Christian, life +would be more bearable.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Bearable!”</span> he echoed; <span class="tei tei-q">“bearable! ye gods! more +bearable to have Styx and Tartarus, the Furies and +their snakes, in this world as well as in the next? to +have evil within and without, to hate one’s self and to +be hated of all men! to live the life of an ass, and to +die the death of a dog! Bearable! But hark! I hear +Agellius’s step on the staircase. Callista, dear Callista, +be yourself. Listen to reason.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +But Callista would not listen to reason, if her +brother was its embodiment; but went on with her +singing:— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">For what is Afric but the home</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 6.40em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Of burning Phlegethon?</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">What the low beach and silent gloom,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">And chilling mists of that dull river,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Along whose bank the thin ghosts shiver,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">The thin, wan ghosts that once were men,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">But Tauris, isle of moor and fen;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 4.80em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Or, dimly traced by seaman’s ken,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 6.40em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">The pale-cliffed Albion?</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Here she stopped, looked down, and busied herself +with her work. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page122">[pg 122]</span><a name="Pg122" id="Pg122" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc21" id="toc21"></a><a name="pdf22" id="pdf22"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XI.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">CALLISTA’S PREACHING, AND WHAT CAME OF IT.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It is undeniably a solemn moment, under any circumstances, +and requires a strong heart, when any +one deliberately surrenders himself, soul and body, +to the keeping of another while life shall last; and +this, or something like this, reserving the supreme +claim of duty to the Creator, is the matrimonial contract. +In individual cases it may be made without +thought or distress, but surveyed objectively, and as +carried out into a sufficient range of instances, it is so +tremendous an undertaking that nature seems to sink +under its responsibilities. When the Christian binds +himself by vows to a religious life, he makes a surrender +to Him who is all-perfect, and whom he may +unreservedly trust. Moreover, looking at that surrender +on its human side, he has the safeguard of +distinct <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">provisos</span></span> and regulations, and of the principles +of theology, to secure him against tyranny on the +part of his superiors. But what shall be his encouragement +to make himself over, without condition or stipulation, +as an absolute property, to a fallible being, +and that not for a season, but for life? The mind +shrinks from such a sacrifice, and demands that, as +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page123">[pg 123]</span><a name="Pg123" id="Pg123" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>religion enjoins it, religion should sanction and bless +it. It instinctively desires that either the bond should +be dissoluble, or that the subjects of it should be +sacramentally strengthened to maintain it. <span class="tei tei-q">“So help +me God,”</span> the formula of every oath, is emphatically +necessary here. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +But Agellius is contemplating a superhuman engagement +without superhuman assistance; and that +in a state of society in which public opinion, which +in some sense compensates for the absence of religion, +supplied human motives, not for, but against +keeping it, and with one who had given no indication +that she understood what marriage meant. No +wonder then, that, in spite of his simplicity, his +sanguine temperament, and his delusion, the more he +thought of the step he had taken, the more unsatisfactory +he found it, and the nearer he grew to the time +when he must open the subject with Aristo, the less +he felt able to do so. In consequence he was in a +distress of mind, as he ascended the staircase which +led to his friend’s lodging, to which his anxiety, as he +mounted the hill on the other side of the city, was +tranquillity itself; and, except that he was coming +by engagement, he would have turned back, and for +the time at least have put the whole subject from his +thoughts. Yet even then, as often as Callista rose in +his mind’s eye, his scruples and misgivings vanished +before the beauty of that image, as mists before the +sun; and when he actually stood in her sweet presence, +it seemed as if some secret emanation from +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page124">[pg 124]</span><a name="Pg124" id="Pg124" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>her flowed in upon his heart, and he stood breathless +and giddy under the intensity of the fascination. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +However, the reader must not suppose that in the +third century of our era such negotiations as that +which now seems to be on the point of coming off +between Callista and Agellius, were embellished with +those transcendental sentiments and that magnificent +ceremonial with which chivalry has invested them in +these latter ages. There was little occasion then for +fine speaking or exquisite deportment; and if there +had been, we, who are the narrators of these hitherto +unrecorded transactions, should have been utterly +unable to do justice to them. At that time of day the +Christian had too much simplicity, the heathen too +little of real delicacy, to indulge in the sublimities of +modern love-making, at least as it is found in novels; +and in the case before us both gentleman and lady will +be thought, we consider, sadly matter-of-fact, or rather +semi-barbarous, by the votaries of what is just now +called European civilization. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +On Agellius’s entering the room, Aristo was pacing +to and fro in some discomposure; however, he ran up +to his friend, embraced him, and, looking at him with +significance, congratulated him on his good looks. +<span class="tei tei-q">“There is more fire in your eye,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“dear +Agellius, and more eloquence in the turn of your lip, +than I have ever yet seen. A new spirit is in you. +So you are determined to come out of your solitude? +That you should have been able to exist in it so long +is the wonderment to me.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page125">[pg 125]</span><a name="Pg125" id="Pg125" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius had recovered himself, yet he dared not +look again on Callista. <span class="tei tei-q">“Do not jest, Aristo,”</span> he said; +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am come, as you know, to talk to you about your +sister. I have brought her a present of flowers; they +are my best present, or rather not mine, but the birth +of the opening year, as fair and fragrant as herself.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“We will offer them to our Pallas Athene,”</span> said his +friend, <span class="tei tei-q">“to whom we artists are especially devout.”</span> +And he would have led Agellius on, and made him +place them in her niche in the opposite wall. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am more serious than you are,”</span> said Agellius; +<span class="tei tei-q">“and I have brought the best my garden contains as +an offering to your sister. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">She</span></span> will not think I bring +them for any other purpose. Where are you going?”</span> +he continued, as he saw his friend take down his broad +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">petasus</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why,”</span> answered Aristo, <span class="tei tei-q">“since I am so poor an +interpreter of your meaning, you can dispense with me +altogether. I will leave you to speak for yourself, +and meanwhile will go and see what old Dromo has +to tell, before the sun is too high in the heavens.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Saying this, with a half-imploring, half-satirical +look at his sister, he set off to the barber’s at the +Forum. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius took up the flowers, and laid them on the +table before her, as she sat at work. <span class="tei tei-q">“Do you accept +my flowers, Callista?”</span> he asked. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Fair and fragrant, like myself, are they?”</span> she +made reply. <span class="tei tei-q">“Give them to me.”</span> She took them, +and bent over them. <span class="tei tei-q">“The blushing rose,”</span> she said, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page126">[pg 126]</span><a name="Pg126" id="Pg126" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>gravely, <span class="tei tei-q">“the stately lily, the royal carnation, the +golden moly, the purple amaranth, the green bryon, +the diosanthos, the sertula, the sweet modest saliunca, +fit emblems of Callista. Well, in a few hours they +will have faded; yes, they will get more and more +like her.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She paused and looked him steadily in the face, and +then continued: <span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius, I once had a slave who +belonged to your religion. She had been born in a +Christian family, and came into my possession on her +master’s death. She was unlike any one I have seen +before or since; she cared for nothing, yet was not +morose or peevish or hard-hearted. She died young +in my service. Shortly before her end she had a +dream. She saw a company of bright shades, clothed +in white, like the hours which circle round the god of +day. They were crowned with flowers, and they said +to each other, <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">She</span></span> ought to have a token too.’</span> So +they took her hand, and led her to a most beautiful +lady, as stately as Juno and as sweet as Ariadne, so +radiant in countenance that they themselves suddenly +looked like Ethiopians by the side of her. She, too, +was crowned with flowers, and these so dazzling that +they might be the stars of heaven or the gems of +Asia for what Chione could tell. And that fair +goddess (angel you call her) said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘My dear, here is +something for you from my Son. He sends you by me +a red rose for your love, a white lily for your chastity, +purple violets to strew your grave, and green palms to +flourish over it.’</span> Is this the reason why you give me +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page127">[pg 127]</span><a name="Pg127" id="Pg127" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>flowers, Agellius, that I may rank with Chione? and is +this their interpretation?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Callista,”</span> he answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“it is my heart’s most +fervent wish, it is my mind’s vivid anticipation, that +the day may come when you will receive such a crown, +nay, a brighter one.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And you are come, of course, to philosophize to +me, and to put me in the way of dying like Chione,”</span> +she made answer. <span class="tei tei-q">“I implore your pardon. You are +offering me flowers, it seems, not for a bridal wreath, +but for a funeral urn.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Is it wonderful,”</span> said Agellius, <span class="tei tei-q">“that the two +wishes should have gone together in my heart; and +that while I trusted and prayed that you might have +the same Master in heaven as I have myself, I also +hoped you would have the same service, the same +aims, the same home upon earth?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And that you should speak one word for your +Master and two for yourself!”</span> she retorted. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It has been by feeling how much you could be to +me,”</span> he answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“that I have been led to think how +much my Master may be doing for you already, and +how much in time to come you might do for Him. +Callista, do not urge me with your Greek subtlety, or +expect me to analyze my feelings more precisely than +I have the ability to do. May I calmly tell you the +state of my mind, as I do know it, and will you +patiently listen?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She signified her willingness, and he continued—<span class="tei tei-q">“This +only I know,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“what I have experienced +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page128">[pg 128]</span><a name="Pg128" id="Pg128" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>ever since I first heard you converse, that there is between +you and me a unity of thought so strange that +I should have deemed it could not have been, before +I found it actually to exist, between any two persons +whatever; and which, widely as we are separated in +opinion and habit, and differently as we have been +brought up, is to me inexplicable. I find it difficult to +explain what I mean; we disagree certainly on the +most important subjects, yet there is an unaccountable +correspondence in the views we take of things, in our +impressions, in the line in which our minds move, and +the issues to which they come, in our judgment of +what is great and little, and the manner in which +objects affect our feelings. When I speak to my uncle, +when I speak to your brother, I do not understand +them, nor they me. We are moving in different +spheres, and I am solitary, however much they talk. +But to my astonishment, I find between you and me +one language. Is it wonderful that, in proportion to +my astonishment, I am led to refer it to one cause, +and think that one Master Hand must have engraven +those lines on the soul of each of us? Is it wonderful +that I should fancy that He who has made us alike +has made us for each other, and that the very same +persuasives by which I bring you to cast your eyes on +me, may draw you also to cast yourself in adoration +at the feet of my Master?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +For an instant tears seemed about to start from +Callista’s eyes, but she repressed the emotion, if it were +such, and answered with impetuosity, <span class="tei tei-q">“Your Master! +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page129">[pg 129]</span><a name="Pg129" id="Pg129" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>who is your Master? what know I of your Master? +what have you ever told me of your Master? I suppose +it is an esoteric doctrine which I am not worthy +to know; but so it is, here you have been again and +again, and talked freely of many things, yet I am in +as much darkness about your Master as if I had never +seen you. I know He died; I know too that Christians +say He lives. In some fortunate island, I suppose; +for, when I have asked, you have got rid of the +subject as best you could. You have talked about +your law and your various duties, and what you consider +right, and what is forbidden, and of some of the +old writers of your sect, and of the Jews before them; +but if, as you imply, my wants and aspirations are the +same as yours, what have you done towards satisfying +them? what have you done for that Master towards +whom you now propose to lead me? No!”</span> she continued, +starting up, <span class="tei tei-q">“you have watched those wants +and aspirations for yourself, not for Him; you have +taken interest in them, you have cherished them, as if +you were the author, you the object of them. You +profess to believe in One True God, and to reject every +other; and now you are implying that the Hand, the +Shadow of that God is on my mind and heart. Who +is this God? where? how? in what? O Agellius, you +have stood in the way of Him, ready to speak for yourself, +using Him as a means to an end.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O Callista,”</span> said Agellius, in an agitated voice, +when he could speak, <span class="tei tei-q">“do my ears hear aright? do +you really wish to be taught who the true God is?”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page130">[pg 130]</span><a name="Pg130" id="Pg130" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“No, mistake me not,”</span> she cried passionately, <span class="tei tei-q">“I +have no such wish. I could not be of your religion. +Ye Gods! how have I been deceived! I thought every +Christian was like Chione. I thought there could not +be a cold Christian. Chione spoke as if a Christian’s +first thoughts were goodwill to others; as if his state +were of such blessedness, that his dearest heart’s wish +was to bring others into it. Here is a man who, so far +from feeling himself blest, thinks I can bless him! +comes to me—me, Callista, a herb of the field, a poor +weed, exposed to every wind of heaven, and shrivelling +before the fierce sun—to me he comes to repose his +heart upon. But as for any blessedness he has to show +me, why, since he does not feel any himself, no wonder +he has none to give away. I thought a Christian was +superior to time and place; but all is hollow. Alas, +alas, I am young in life to feel the force of that saying, +with which sages go out of it, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Vanity and +hollowness!’</span> Agellius, when I first heard you were +a Christian, how my heart beat! I thought of her +who was gone; and at first I thought I saw her in you, +as if there had been some magical sympathy between +you and her; and I hoped that from you I might +have learned more of that strange strength which my +nature needs, and which she told me she possessed. +Your words, your manner, your looks were altogether +different from others who came near me. But so it +was; you came, and you went, and came again; I +thought it reserve, I thought it timidity, I thought it +the caution of a persecuted sect; but O, my +disap<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page131">[pg 131]</span><a name="Pg131" id="Pg131" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>pointment, when first I saw in you indications that +you were thinking of me only as others think, and felt +towards me as others may feel; that you were aiming +at me, not at your God; that you had much to tell of +yourself, but nothing of Him! Time was I might +have been led to worship you, Agellius; you have +hindered it by worshipping <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></span>.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It is not often, we suppose, that such deep offence +is given to a lady by the sort of admiration of which +Agellius had been guilty in the case of Callista; however, +startled as he might be, and startled and stung +he was, there was too much earnestness in her distress, +too much of truth in her representations, too +much which came home to his heart and conscience, +to allow of his being affronted or irritated. She had +but supplied the true interpretation of the misgiving +which had haunted him that morning, from the time +he set out till the moment of his entering the room. +Jucundus some days back had readily acquiesced in +his assurance that he was not inconsistent; but Callista +had not been so indulgent, though really more +merciful. There was a pause in the conversation, or +rather in her outpouring; each had bitter thoughts, +and silently devoured them. At length, she began +again:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“So the religion of Chione is a dream; now for +four years I had hoped it was a reality. All things +again are vanity; I had hoped there was something +somewhere more than I could see; but there is nothing. +Here am I a living, breathing woman, with an +over-<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page132">[pg 132]</span><a name="Pg132" id="Pg132" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>flowing heart, with keen affections, with a yearning +after some object which may possess me. I cannot +exist without something to rest upon. I cannot fall +back upon that drear, forlorn state, which philosophers +call wisdom, and moralists call virtue. I cannot enrol +myself a votary of that cold Moon, whose arrows do +but freeze me. I cannot sympathize in that majestic +band of sisters whom Rome has placed under the +tutelage of Vesta. I must have something to love; +love is my life. Why do you come to me, Agellius, +with your every-day gallantry. Can you compete +with the noble Grecian forms which have passed before +my eyes? Is your voice more manly, are its tones +more eloquent, than those which have thrilled through +my ears since I ceased to be a child? Can you add +perfume to the feast by your wit, or pour sunshine +over grot and rushing stream by your smile? <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">What</span></span> +can you give me? There was one thing which I +thought you <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">could</span></span> have given me, better than anything +else; but it is a shadow. You have nothing to +give. You have thrown me back upon my dreary, +dismal self, and the deep wounds of my memory.... +Poor, poor Agellius! but it was not his fault, it could +not be helped,”</span> she continued, as if in thought; <span class="tei tei-q">“it +could not be helped; for, if he had nothing to give, +how could he give it? After all, he wanted something +to love, just as I did; and he could find nothing +better than me.... And they thought to persuade +her to spend herself upon him, as she had spent herself +upon others. Yes, it was Jucundus and +Aristo—<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page133">[pg 133]</span><a name="Pg133" id="Pg133" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>my brother, even my own brother. They thought not +of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></span>.”</span> Here her tears gushed out violently, and she +abandoned herself to a burst of emotion. <span class="tei tei-q">“They were +thinking of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></span>. I had hoped he could lead me to +what was higher; but woe, woe!”</span> she cried, wringing +her hands, <span class="tei tei-q">“they thought I was only fit to bring him +low. Well; after all, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></span> Callista really good for much +more than the work they have set her to do?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She was absorbed in her own misery in an intense +sense of degradation, in a keen consciousness of the +bondage of nature, in a despair of ever finding what +alone could give meaning to her existence, and an +object to her intellect and affections. And Agellius +on the other hand, what surprise, remorse, and humiliation +came upon him! It was a strange contrast, +the complaint of nature unregenerate on the one +hand, the self-reproach of nature regenerate and +lapsing on the other. At last he spoke, and they +were his last words. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Callista,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“whatever injury I may have +unwillingly inflicted upon you, you at least have +returned me good for evil, and have made yourself +my benefactress. Certainly, I now know myself +better than I did; and He who has made use of you +as His instrument of mercy towards me, will not forget +to reward you tenfold. One word will I say for +myself; nay, not for myself, but for my Master. Do +not for an instant suppose that what you thought of +the Christian religion is not true. It reveals a present +God, who satisfies every affection of the heart, yet +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page134">[pg 134]</span><a name="Pg134" id="Pg134" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>keeps it pure. I serve a Master,”</span> he continued, blushing +from modesty and earnestness as he spoke, <span class="tei tei-q">“I +serve a Master whose love is stronger than created +love. God help my inconsistency! but I never meant +to love you as I love Him. You are destined for His +love. I commit you to Him, your true Lord, whom +I never ought to have rivalled, for whom I ought +simply to have pleaded. Though I am not worthy to +approach you, I shall trace you at a distance, who +knows where? perhaps even to the prison and to the +arena of those who confess the Saviour of men, and +dare to suffer and die for His name. And now, farewell; +to His keeping and that of His holy martyrs I +commit you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He did not trust himself to look at her as he turned +to the door, and left the room. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page135">[pg 135]</span><a name="Pg135" id="Pg135" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc23" id="toc23"></a><a name="pdf24" id="pdf24"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">A DEATH.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The first stages of repentance are but a fever, in which +there is restlessness and thirst, hot and cold fits, +vague, dreary dreams, long darkness which seems +destined never to have a morning, effort without result, +and collapse without reaction. These symptoms had +already manifested themselves in Agellius; he spoke +calmly to Callista, and sustained himself by the claims +of the moment; but no sooner had he left the room +and was thrown upon himself, than his self-possession +left him, and he fell into an agony, or rather anarchy +of tumultuous feelings. Then rose up before his +mind a hundred evil spectres, not <a name="corr135" id="corr135" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">less</span> scaring and +more real than the dreams of the delirious. He thought +of the singular favour which had been shown him in +his reception into the Christian fold, and that at so +early a date; of the myriads all around who continued +in heathenism as they had been born, and of his utter +insensibility to his own privilege. He felt how much +would be required of him, and how little hitherto had +been forthcoming. He thought of the parable of the +barren fig-tree, and the question was whispered in his +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page136">[pg 136]</span><a name="Pg136" id="Pg136" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>ear whether it would not be fulfilled in him. He asked +himself in what his heart and his conduct differed from +the condition of a fairly virtuous heathen. And then +he thought of Callista in contrast with himself, as +having done more with the mite which she possessed +than he had done with many pounds. He felt that +Tyre and Sidon were rising up against him in her person; +or rather how the saying seemed about to be +verified in her, that strangers should sit down in the +kingdom from far countries, while those who were +the heirs should be thrust out. He had been rebuked +by one to whom he rather ought to have brought self-knowledge +and compunction, and she was sensitively +alive to his want of charity. She had felt bitterly that +she was left in ignorance and sin by one who had +what she had not. She had accused him of being +zealous enough to win her to himself, when he had +shown no zeal at all to win her to her Maker. If she +was brought to the truth at length, there would be +no thanks to him for the happy change; yet on the +other hand, though he had predicted it, alas! was it +likely that it would be granted? Had she not had +her opportunity, which was lost because he had not +improved it? Yes, she had with a deliberate mind +and in set words put aside and taken leave of that +which she once desired and hoped might have been +her own, sorrowfully indeed, but peremptorily, as +firmly persisting in rejecting it, as she might have persisted +in maintaining it; and, if she died in infidelity, +horrible thought! would not the burden lie on him, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page137">[pg 137]</span><a name="Pg137" id="Pg137" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>and was this to be the token of the love which he +pretended to entertain for her? +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +What was he living for? what was the work he had +set himself to <a name="corr137" id="corr137" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">do?</span> Did he live to plant flowers, or to +rear fruit, to maintain himself and to make money? +Was that a time to pride himself on vineyards and oliveyards, +when, like Eliseus, he was one among myriads +who were in unbelief? Ah, the difference between +a saint and him? Of what good was he on earth; +why should not he die? why so chary of his life? +why preserve his wretched life at all? Could he not +do more by giving it than by keeping it? Might it +not have been given him perchance for the very purpose +that he might sacrifice it for Him who had given +it? He had been timid about making a profession of +his faith, which might have led to prison and death; +but perhaps the very object of his life in the divine +purpose, the very reason of his birth, had been that, +as soon as he was grown, he should die for the truth. +He might have been cut off by disease; he was not; +and why, except that he might merit in his death, +and that what, in the ordinary course of things, was +a mere suffering, might in his case be an act of service? +His death might have been the conversion of +thousands, of Callista; and the fewness of his days +here would have been his claim to a blessed eternity +hereafter. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Nor Callista alone; he had natural friends, with +nearer claims upon his charity. Had he been other +than he was, he might have prevailed with his uncle; +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page138">[pg 138]</span><a name="Pg138" id="Pg138" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>at least he might have taught him to respect the +Christian Faith and Name, and restrained him from +daring to attempt, for he now saw that it was an +attempt, to seduce him into sin. He might have +lodged a good seed in his heart, which in the hour +of sickness might have germinated. And his brother +again had learned to despise him; indeed he had +raised in every one who came near him the suspicion +that he was not really a Christian, that he was an +apostate (he could not help uttering a cry of anguish as +he used the word), an apostate from that which was +his real life and supreme worship. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Why did he not at once go into the Basilica or the +Gymnasium, and proclaim himself a Christian? There +were rumours abroad that the new emperor was beginning +a new policy towards his religion; let him inaugurate +it in Agellius. Might he not thus perchance +wash out his sin? He would be led into the amphitheatre, +as his betters had been led before him; the +crowds would yell, and the lion would be let loose +upon him. He would confront the edict, tear it +down, be seized by the apparitor, and hurried to the +rack or the slow fire. Callista would hear of it, and +would learn at length he was not quite the craven and +the recreant which she thought him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Then his thoughts took a turn. Callista! what was +Callista to him? Why should he think of her, when +she was girding him to martyrdom? Was she to be +the motive which was to animate him, and her praise +his reward? Alas, alas! could he gain heaven by +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page139">[pg 139]</span><a name="Pg139" id="Pg139" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>pleasing a heathen? <span class="tei tei-q">“But to whom then,”</span> he continued, +<span class="tei tei-q">“am I to look up? who is to give me sympathy? +who is to encourage, to advise me? O my +Father, pity me! a feeble child, a poor, outcast, wandering +sheep, away from the fold, torn by the briars +and thorns, and no one to bind his wounds and retrace +his steps for him. Why am I thus alone in the +world? why am I without a pastor and guide? Ah, +was not this my fault in remaining in Sicca? I have +no tie here; let me go to Carthage, or to Tagaste, or +to Madaura, or to Hippo. I am not fit to walk the +world by myself; I am too simple, and am no match +for its artifices.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Here another thought took possession of him, +which had as yet but crossed his mind, and it made +him colour up with confusion and terror. <span class="tei tei-q">“They +were laying a plot for me,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“my uncle and +Aristo; and it is Callista who has defeated it.”</span> And +as he spoke, he felt how much he owed to her, and +how dangerous too it was to think of his debt. Yet +it would not be wrong to pray for her; she had +marred the device of which she was to have been the +agent. <span class="tei tei-q">“Laqueus contritus est, et nos liberati +sumus:”</span> the net was broken and he was delivered. +She had refused his devotion, that he might give it +to his God; and now he would only think of her, +and whisper her name, when he was kneeling before +the Blessed Mary, his advocate. O that that second +and better Eve, who brought salvation into the world, +as our first mother brought death, O that she might +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page140">[pg 140]</span><a name="Pg140" id="Pg140" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>bear Callista’s name in remembrance, and get it written +in the Book of life! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was high noon; and all this time Agellius was +walking in his present excited mood, without covering +to his head, under the burning rays of the sun, +not knowing which way he went, and retracing his +steps, as he wandered about at random, with a vague +notion he was going homewards. The few persons +whom he met, creeping about under the shadow of +the lofty houses, or under the porticoes of the temples, +looked at him with wonder, and thought him furious +or deranged. The shafts of the sun were not so hot +as his own thoughts, or as the blood which shot to +and fro so fiercely in his veins; but they were working +fearfully on his physical frame, though they could +not increase the fever of his mind. He had come to +the Forum; the market people were crouching under +their booths or the shelter of their baskets. The +riffraff of the city, who lived by their wits, or by odd +jobs, or on the windfalls of the market; lazy fellows +who did nothing, who did not move till hunger urged +them, like the brute; half-idiotic chewers of opium, +ragged or rather naked children, the butcher boys +and scavengers of the temples, lay at their length at the +mouth of the caverns formed by the precipitous rock, +or under the Arch of Triumph, or amid the columns +of the Gymnasium and the Heracleum, or in the +doorways of the shops. A scattering of beggars were +lying, poor creatures, on their backs in the blazing +sun, reckless of the awful maladies, the fits, the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page141">[pg 141]</span><a name="Pg141" id="Pg141" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>seizures, and the sudden death, which might be the +consequence. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Numbers out of this mixed multitude were asleep; +some were looking with dull listless eyes at the still +scene, or at any accidental movements which might +vary it. They saw a figure coming nearer and nearer +and wildly passing by. Just then Agellius was diverted +from his painful meditations by hearing one +of these fellows say to another, as he roused from a +sort of doze, <span class="tei tei-q">“That’s one of them. We know them +all, but very poor pickings can be got out of them; +but he has more than most. They’re a low set in +Sicca.”</span> And then the man cried out, <span class="tei tei-q">“Look sharp, +young chap! the Furies are at your heels, and the +Fates are going before you. Look there at the emperor; +he is looking at you, as grim and sour as you +could wish him.”</span> He spoke of the equestrian statue +of Severus before the Basilica on the right; and, +attracted by his words, Agellius went up to a board +which was fixed to its base. It was an imperial edict, +and it ran as follows:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Cneius Trajanus Decius, Augustus; and Quintus +Herennius Etruscus Decius, Cæsar; Emperors, unconquerable +and pious; by united council these:—</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Whereas we have experienced the benefits and +the gifts of the gods, and do also enjoy the victory +which they have given us over our enemies, and moreover +salubrity of seasons, and abundance in the fruits +of the earth;</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Therefore, acknowledging the aforesaid as our +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page142">[pg 142]</span><a name="Pg142" id="Pg142" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>benefactors and the providers of those things which +are necessary for the commonwealth, we make this +our decree, that every class of the state, freemen and +slaves, the army and civilians, offer to the gods expiatory +sacrifices, falling down in supplication before +them;</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And if any one shall presume to disobey this our +divine command, which we unite in promulgating, we +order that man to be thrown into chains, and to be +subjected to various tortures;</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And should he thereupon be persuaded to reverse +his disobedience, he shall receive from us no slight +honours;</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“But should he hold out in opposition, first he shall +have many tortures, and then shall be executed by +the sword, or thrown into the deep sea, or given as a +prey to birds and dogs;</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And more than all if such a person be a professor +of the Christian religion.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Farewell, and live happy.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The old man in the fable called on Death, and Death +made his appearance. We are very far indeed from +meaning that Agellius uttered random words, or +spoke impatiently, when he just now expressed a wish +to have the opportunity of dying for the Faith. Nevertheless, +what now met his eyes and was transmitted +through them, sentence by sentence, into his mind, +was not certainly of a nature to calm the tumult which +was busy in breast and brain; a sickness came over +him, and he staggered away. The words of the edict +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page143">[pg 143]</span><a name="Pg143" id="Pg143" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>still met his eyes, and were of a bright red colour. +The sun was right before him, but the letters were +in the sun, and the sun in his brain. He reeled and +fell heavily on the pavement. No notice was taken +of the occurrence by the spectators around him. They +lazily or curiously looked on, and waited to see if he +would recover. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +How long he lay there he could not tell, when he +came to himself; if it could really be said to be +coming to himself to have the power of motion, and an +instinct that he must move, and move in one direction. +He managed to rise and lean against the +pedestal of the statue, and its shade by this time protected +him. Then an intense desire came upon +him to get home, and that desire gave him a +temporary preternatural strength. It came upon +him as a duty to leave Sicca for his cottage, and he +set off. He had a confused notion that he must do +his duty, and go straight forward, and turn neither +to the right, nor the left, and stop nowhere, but move +on steadily for his true home. But next an impression +came upon him that he was running away from +persecution, and that this ought not to be, and that +he ought to face the enemy, or at least not to hide +from him, but meekly wait for him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +As he went along the narrow streets which led down +the hill towards the city gate this thought came so +powerfully upon him that at length he sat down on a +stone which projected from an open shop, and thought +of surrendering himself. He felt the benefit of the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page144">[pg 144]</span><a name="Pg144" id="Pg144" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>rest, and this he fancied to be the calm of conscience +consequent upon self-surrender and resignation. It +was a fruiterer’s stall, and the owner, seeing his exhaustion, +offered him some slices of a water-melon for his +refreshment. He ate one of them, and then again a +vague feeling came on him that he was in danger of +idolatry, and must protest against idolatry, and that +he ought not to remain in the neighbourhood of +temptation. So, throwing down the small coin which +was sufficient for payment, he continued his journey. +The rest and the refreshment of the fruit, and the continued +shade which the narrow street allowed him, +allayed the fever, and for the time recruited him, and +he moved on languidly. The sun, however, was still +high in heaven, and when he got beyond the city +beat down upon his head from a cloudless sky. He +painfully toiled up the ascent which led to his cottage. +He had nearly gained the gate of his homestead; +he saw his old household slave, born in his +father’s house, a Christian like himself, coming to +meet him. A dizziness came over him, he lost his +senses, and fell down helplessly upon the bank. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page145">[pg 145]</span><a name="Pg145" id="Pg145" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc25" id="toc25"></a><a name="pdf26" id="pdf26"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XIII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">AND RESURRECTION.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Jucundus was quite as much amused as provoked +at the result of the delicate negotiation in which he +had entangled his nephew. It was a gratification to +him to find that its ill success had been owing in no +respect to any fault on the side of Agellius. He had +done his part without shrinking, and the view which +he, Jucundus, had taken of his state of mind, was +satisfactorily confirmed. He had nothing to fear +from Agellius, and though he had failed in securing +the guarantee which he had hoped for his attachment +to things as they were, yet in the process of failure it +had been proved that his nephew might be trusted +without it. And it was a question, whether a girl so +full of whims and caprices as Callista might after all +have done him any permanent good. The absurd +notion, indeed, of her having a leaning for Christianity +had been refuted by her conduct on the occasion; +still, who could rely on a clever and accomplished +Greek? There were secret societies and conspiracies +in abundance, and she might have involved so weak +and innocent a fellow in some plans against the +government, now or at a future time; or might have +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page146">[pg 146]</span><a name="Pg146" id="Pg146" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>alienated him from his uncle, or in some way or other +made a fool of him, if she had consented to have +him for her slave. Why she had rejected so eligible +a suitor it was now useless and idle to inquire; it +might be that the haughty or greedy Greek had +required him to bid higher for her favourable notice. +If the negotiation had taken such a turn, then indeed +there was still more gratifying evidence of Agellius +having broken from his fantastic and peevish superstition. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Still, however, he was not without anxiety, now +that the severe measures directed against the Christians +were in progress. No overt act, indeed, beyond +the publication of the edict, had been taken in Sicca—probably +would be taken at all. The worst was, +that something must be done to make a show; he +could have wished that some of the multitude of +townspeople, half suspected of Christianity, had stood +firm, and suffered themselves to be tortured and executed. +One or two would have been enough; but the +magistracy got no credit with the central government +for zeal and activity if no Christians were made an +example of. Yet still it was a question whether the +strong acts at Carthage and elsewhere would not +suffice, though the lesser towns did nothing. At +least, while the populace was quiet, there was nothing +to press for severity. There were no rich Christians in +Sicca to tempt the cupidity of the informer or of the +magistrate; no political partisans among them, who +had made enemies with this or that class of the +com<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page147">[pg 147]</span><a name="Pg147" id="Pg147" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>munity. But, supposing a bad feeling to rise in the +populace, supposing the magistrates to have ill-wishers +and rivals—and what men in power had not?—who +might be glad to catch them tripping, and +make a case against them at Rome, why, it must be +confessed that Agellius was nearly the only victim +who could be pitched upon. He wished Callista no +harm, but, if a Christian must be found and held up +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">in terrorem</span></span>, he would rather it was a person like her, +without connections and home, than the member of +any decent family of Sicca, whose fair fame would be +compromised by a catastrophe. However, she was +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></span> a Christian, and Agellius <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">was</span></span>, at least by profession; +and his fear was lest Juba should be right in +his estimate of his brother’s character. Juba had said +that Agellius could be as obstinate as he was ordinarily +indolent and yielding, and Jucundus dreaded +lest, if he were rudely charged with Christianity, and +bidden to renounce it under pain of punishment, he +would rebel against the tyrannical order, and go to +prison and to death out of sheer perverseness or sense +of honour. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +With these perplexities before him, he could find +nothing better than the following plan of action, which +had been in his mind for some time. While the edict +remained inoperative, he would do nothing at all, and +let Agellius go on with his country occupations, which +would keep him out of the way. But if any disposition +appeared of a popular commotion, or a movement on +the part of the magistracy, he determined to get +pos<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page148">[pg 148]</span><a name="Pg148" id="Pg148" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>session of Agellius, and forcibly confine him in his +own house in Sicca. He hoped that in the case of one +so young, so uncommitted, he should have influence +with the municipal authorities, or at the prætorium, or +in the camp (for the camp and the prætorium were +under different jurisdictions in the proconsulate), to +shelter Agellius from a public inquiry into his religious +tenets, or if this could not be, to smuggle him out of +the city. He was ready to affirm solemnly that his +nephew was no Christian, though he was touched in +the head, and, from an affection parallel to hydrophobia, +to which the disciples of Galen ought to turn +their attention, was sent into convulsions on the sight +of an altar. His father, indeed, was a malignant old +atheist—there was no harm in being angry with the +dead—but it was very hard the son should suffer for +his father’s offence. If he must be judged of by his +parents, let him rather have the advantage of the thorough +loyalty and religiousness of his mother, a most +zealous old lady, in high repute in the neighbourhood +of Sicca for her theurgic knowledge, a staunch +friend of the imperial government, which had before +now been indebted to her for important information, +and as staunch a hater of the Christians. Such was +the plan of proceedings resolved on by Jucundus +before he received the news of his nephew’s serious +malady. It did not reach him till many days after; +and then he did not go to see him, first, lest he should +be supposed to be in communication with him, next, +as having no respect for that romantic sort of +gene<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page149">[pg 149]</span><a name="Pg149" id="Pg149" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>rosity which risks the chances of contagion for the +absurd ceremony of paying a compliment. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was thus that Jucundus addressed himself to the +present state of affairs, and anticipated the chances of +the future. As to Aristo, he had very little personal +interest in the matter. His sister might have thwarted +him in affairs which lay nearer his heart than the +moral emancipation of Agellius; and as she generally +complied with his suggestions and wishes, whatever +they were, he did not grudge her her liberty of action +in this instance. Nor had the occurrence which had +taken place any great visible effect upon Callista herself. +She had lost her right to be indignant with +her brother, and she resigned or rather abandoned +herself to her destiny. Her better feelings had been +brought out for the moment in her conversation with +Agellius; but they were not ordinary ones. True, +she was tired, but she was the slave of the world; +and Agellius had only made her more sceptical than +before that there was any service better. So at least +she said to herself; she said it was fantastic to go elsewhere +for good, and that, if life was short, then, as her +brother said, it was necessary to make the most of it. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-tb"> </div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +And meanwhile, what of Agellius himself? Why, +it will be some little time before Agellius will be in +a condition to moralize upon anything. His faithful +slave half-carried, half-drew him into the cottage, +and stretched him upon his bed. Then, having sufficient +skill for the ordinary illnesses of the country, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page150">[pg 150]</span><a name="Pg150" id="Pg150" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>though this was more than an ordinary fever, he +drew blood from him, gave him a draught of herbs, +and left him to the slow but safe processes of nature +to restore him. It could not be affirmed that he was +not in considerable danger of life, yet youth carries +hope with it, and his attendant had little to fear for +his recovery. For some days certainly Agellius had +no apprehension of anything, except of restlessness +and distress, of sleepless nights, or dreary, miserable +dreams. At length one morning, as he was lying on +his back with his eyes shut, it came into his mind to +ask himself whether Sunday would ever come. He +had been accustomed upon the first day of the week +to say some particular prayers and psalms, and unite +himself in spirit with his brethren beyond seas. And +then he tried to remember the last Sunday; and the +more he thought, the less he could remember it, till +he began to think that months had gone without a +Sunday. This he was certain of, that he had lost +reckoning, for he had made no notches for the days +for a long while past, and unless his slave Asper +knew, there was no one to tell him. Here he got so +puzzled, that it was like one of the bad dreams which +had worried him. He felt it affect his head, and he +was obliged to give up the inquiry. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +From this time his sleep was better and more refreshing +for several days; he was more collected +when he was awake, and was able to ask himself why +he lay there, and what had happened to him. Then +gradually his memory began to return like the +dawn<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page151">[pg 151]</span><a name="Pg151" id="Pg151" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>ing of the day; the cause and the circumstances of +his recent visit to the city, point after point came up, +and he felt first wonder, and then certainty. He recollected +the Forum, and then the edict; a solemn, +overpowering emotion here seized him, and for a +while he dared not think more. When he recovered, +and tried to pursue the events of the day, he found +himself unequal to the task; all was dark, except +that he had some vague remembrance of thirsting, +and some one giving him to drink, and then his saying +with the Psalmist, <span class="tei tei-q">“Transivimus per ignem et +aquam.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He opened his eyes and looked about him. He +was at home. There was some one at the bed-head +whom he could not see hanging over him, and he +was too weak to raise himself and so command a +view of him. He waited patiently, being too feeble +to have any great anxiety on the subject. Presently +a voice addressed him: <span class="tei tei-q">“You are recovering, my son,”</span> +it said. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Who are <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span>?”</span> said Agellius abruptly. The +person spoken to applied his mouth to Agellius’s ear, +and uttered lowly several sacred names. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius would have started up had he been strong +enough; he could but sink down upon his rushes in +agitation. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Be content to know no more at present,”</span> said the +stranger, <span class="tei tei-q">“praise God, as I do. You know enough +for your present strength. It is your act of obedience +for the day.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page152">[pg 152]</span><a name="Pg152" id="Pg152" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was a deep, clear, peaceful, authoritative voice. +In his present state, as we have said, it cost Agellius +no great effort to mortify curiosity; and the accents +of that voice soothed him, and the mystery employed +his mind, and had something pleasing and attractive +in it. Moreover, about the main point there was no +mystery, and could be no mistake, that he was in the +hands of a Christian ecclesiastic. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The stranger occupied himself for a time with a book +of prayers which he carried about him, and then again +with the duties of a sick-bed. He sprinkled vinegar +over Agellius’s face and about the room, and supplied +him with the refreshment of cooling fruit. He kept +the flies from tormenting him, and did his best so to +arrange his posture that he might suffer least from +his long lying. In the morning and evening he let in +the air, and he excluded the sultry noon. In these +various occupations he was from time to time removed +to a distance from the patient, who thus had an opportunity +of observing him. The stranger was of middle +height, upright, and well proportioned; he was dressed +in a peasant’s or slave’s dark tunic. His face was +rather round than long; his hair black, yet with the +promise of greyness, with what might be baldness in +the crown, or a priest’s tonsure. His short beard +curled round his chin; his complexion was very clear. +But the most striking point about him was his eyes; +they were of a light or greyish blue, transparent, and +shining like precious stones. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +From the day that they first interchanged words, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page153">[pg 153]</span><a name="Pg153" id="Pg153" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the priest said some short prayers from time to time +with Agellius—the Lord’s Prayer, and portions of the +Psalms. Afterwards, when he was well enough to +converse, Agellius was struck with the inexpressible +peculiarity of his manner. It was self-collected, serene, +gentle, tender, unobtrusive, unstudied. It enabled +him to say things severe and even stern, without +startling, offending, or repelling the hearer. He spoke +very little about himself, though from time to time +points of detail were elicited of his history in the +course of conversation. He said that his name was +Cæcilius. Asper, when he entered the room, would +kneel down and offer to kiss the stranger’s sandal, +though the latter generally managed to prevent it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cæcilius did not speak much about himself; but +Agellius, on the other hand, found it a relief to tell +out his own history, and reflect upon and describe his +own feelings. As he lay on his bed, he half soliloquized, +half addressed himself to the stranger. Sometimes +he required an answer; sometimes he seemed +to require none. Once he asked suddenly, after a long +silence, whether a man could be baptized twice; and +when the priest answered distinctly in the negative, +Agellius replied that if so, he thought it would be best +never to be baptized till the hour of death. It was a +question, he said, which had perplexed him a good +deal, but he never had had any one to converse with +on the subject. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cæcilius answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“But how could you promise +yourself that you would be able to obtain the +sacra<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page154">[pg 154]</span><a name="Pg154" id="Pg154" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>ment at the last moment? The water and the administrator +might come just too late; and then where +would you be, my son? And then again, how do you +know you would wish it? Is your will simply in your +own power? <span class="tei tei-q">‘Carpe diem;’</span> take God’s gift while +you can.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The benefit is so immense,”</span> answered Agellius, +<span class="tei tei-q">“that one would wish, if one could, to enter into the +unseen world without losing its fulness. This cannot +be, if a long time elapses between baptism and +death.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You are, then, of the number of those,”</span> said +Cæcilius, <span class="tei tei-q">“who would cheat their Maker of His claim +on their life, provided they could (as it is said) in their +last moment cheat the devil.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius continuing silent, Cæcilius added, <span class="tei tei-q">“You +want to enjoy this world, and to inherit the next; is +it so?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am puzzled, my head is weak, father; I do not +see my way to speak.”</span> Presently he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Sin after +baptism is so awful a matter; there is no second laver +for sin; and then again, to sin against baptism is so +great a sin.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The priest said, <span class="tei tei-q">“In baptism God becomes your +Father; your own God; your worship; your love—can +you give up this great gift all through your life? +Would you live <span class="tei tei-q">‘without God in this world’</span>?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Tears came into Agellius’s eyes, and his throat +became oppressed. At last he said, distinctly and +tenderly, <span class="tei tei-q">“No.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page155">[pg 155]</span><a name="Pg155" id="Pg155" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +After a while the priest said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I suppose what you +fear is the fire of judgment, and the prison; not lest +you should fall away and be lost.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I know, my dear father,”</span> answered the sick youth, +<span class="tei tei-q">“that I have no right to reckon on anything, or promise +myself anything; yet somehow I have never +feared hell—though I ought, I know I ought; but I +have not. I deserve the worst, but somehow I have +thought that God would lead me on. He ever has +done so.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Then you fear the fire of judgment,”</span> said Cæcilius; +<span class="tei tei-q">“you’d put off baptism for fear of that fire.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I did not say I <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">would</span></span>,”</span> answered Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“I +wanted <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span> to explain the thing to me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Which would you rather, Agellius, be without God +here, or suffer the fire there?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius smiled; he said faintly, <span class="tei tei-q">“I take Him for +my portion here <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">and</span></span> there: <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">He</span></span> will be in the fire with +me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius lay quiet for some hours, and seemed +asleep. Suddenly he began again, <span class="tei tei-q">“I was baptized +when I was only six years old. I’m glad you do not +think it was wilful in me, and wrong. I cannot tell +what took me,”</span> he presently continued. <span class="tei tei-q">“It was a +fervour; I have had nothing of the kind since. What +does our Lord say? I can’t remember: <span class="tei tei-q">‘Novissima +pejora prioribus.’</span> ”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He continued the train of thought another day, or +rather the course of his argument; for on the thought +itself his mind seemed ever to be working. <span class="tei tei-q">“My +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page156">[pg 156]</span><a name="Pg156" id="Pg156" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>spring is gone,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“and I have no summer. Nay, +I have had no spring; it was a day, not a season. +It came, and it went; where am I now? Can spring +ever return? I wish to begin again in right earnest.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Thank God, my son, for this great mercy,”</span> said +Cæcilius, <span class="tei tei-q">“that, though you have relaxed, you have +never severed yourself from the peace of the Church, +you have not denied your God.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius sighed bitterly. <span class="tei tei-q">“O my father,”</span> he said, +<span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘Erravi, sicut ovis quæ periit.’</span> I have been very +near denying Him, at least by outward act. You do +not know me; you cannot know what has come on me +lately. And I dare not look back on it, my heart is so +weak. My father, how am I to repent of what is past, +when I dare not think of it? To think of it is to +renew the sin.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘Puer meus, noli timere,’</span> ”</span> answered the priest; +<span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘si transieris per ignem, odor ejus non erit in te.’</span> +In penance, the grace of God carries you without +harm through thoughts and words which <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">would</span></span> harm +you apart from it.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah, penance!”</span> said Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“I recollect the +catechism. What is it, father? a new grace, I know; +a plank after baptism. May I have it?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You are not strong enough yet to think of these +things, Agellius,”</span> answered Cæcilius. <span class="tei tei-q">“Please God, +you shall get well. Then you shall review all your +life, and bring it out in order before Him; and He, +through me, will wipe away all that has been amiss. +Praise Him who has spared you for this.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page157">[pg 157]</span><a name="Pg157" id="Pg157" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was too much for the patient in his weak state; +he could but shed happy tears. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Another day he had sat up in bed. He looked at +his hands, from which the skin was peeling; he felt +his lips, and it was with them the same; and his hair +seemed coming off also. He smiled and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Renovabitur, +ut aquila, juventus mea.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cæcilius responded, as before, with sacred words +which were new to Agellius: <span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘Qui sperant in Domino +mutabunt fortitudinem; assument pennas, sicut +aquilæ,’</span> <span class="tei tei-q">‘Sursum corda!’</span> you must soar, Agellius.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘Sursum corda!’</span> ”</span> answered he; <span class="tei tei-q">“I know those +words. They are old friends; where have I heard +them? I can’t recollect; but they are in my earliest +memories. Ah! but, my father, my heart is below, +not above. I want to tell you all. I want to tell +you about one who has enthralled my heart; who has +divided it with my True Love. But I daren’t speak +of her, as I have said; I dare not speak, lest I be +carried away. O, I blush to say it; she is a heathen! +May God save her soul! Will He come to me, and +not to her? <span class="tei tei-q">‘Investigabiles viæ ejus.’</span> ”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He remained silent for some time; then he said, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Father, I mean to dedicate myself to God, simply, +absolutely, with His grace. I will be His, and He +shall be mine. No one shall come between us. But +O this weak heart!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Keep your good resolves till you are <a name="corr157" id="corr157" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">stronger,</span>”</span> +said the priest. <span class="tei tei-q">“It is easy to make them on a sick-bed. +You must first reckon the charges.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page158">[pg 158]</span><a name="Pg158" id="Pg158" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius smiled. <span class="tei tei-q">“I know the passage, father,”</span> he +said, and he repeated the sacred words: <span class="tei tei-q">“If any +man come to Me, and hate not his father and mother, +and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, +and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Another time Agellius said: <span class="tei tei-q">“The Martyrs; surely +the old bishop used to say something about the Martyrs. +He spoke of a second baptism, and called it a +baptism of blood; and said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Might his soul be with +the Martyrs!’</span> Father, would not this wash out every +thing, as the first?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was now Cæcilius who smiled, and his eyes shone +like the sapphires of the Holy City; and he seemed +the ideal of him who, when +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 8.00em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Called upon to face</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Some awful moment to which heaven has joined</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Great issues, good or bad for humankind,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Is happy as a lover, and attired</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">With sudden brightness, like a man inspired.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +However, he soon controlled himself, and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Quo +ego vado, non potes me modo sequi; sequeris autem +postea.”</span> +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page159">[pg 159]</span><a name="Pg159" id="Pg159" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc27" id="toc27"></a><a name="pdf28" id="pdf28"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XIV.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">A SMALL CLOUD.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +This sort of intercourse, growing in frequency and +fulness, went on for about a week, till Agellius was +able to walk with support, and to leave the cottage. +The priest and his own slave took him between them, +and seated him one evening in sight of the glorious +prospect, traversed by the long shadow of the far +mountains, behind which the sun was making its way. +The air was filled with a thousand odours; the +brilliant colouring of the western heavens was contrasted +with the more sober but varied tints of the +rich country. The wheat and barley harvest was +over; but the beans were late, and still stood in the +fields. The olives and chestnut-trees were full of +fruit; the early fig was supplying the markets with +food; and the numerous vineyards were patiently +awaiting the suns of the next month slowly to perfect +their present promise. The beautiful scene had a +moral dignity, from its associations with human +sustenance and well-being. The inexpressible calmness +of evening was flung, like a robe, over it. Its +sweetness was too much for one who had been +con<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page160">[pg 160]</span><a name="Pg160" id="Pg160" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>fined to the monotony of a sick-room, and was still +an invalid. He sat silent, and in tears. It was life +from the dead; and he felt he had risen to a different +life. And thus he came out evening after evening +convalescent, gradually and surely advancing to perfect +restoration of his health. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +One evening he said, after feeding his eyes and +thoughts for some time with the prospect, <span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘Mansueti +hereditabunt terram.’</span> They alone have real enjoyment +of this earth who believe in its Maker. Every +breath of air seems to whisper how good He is to +me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cæcilius answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“These sights are the shadows +of that fairer Paradise which is our home, where there +is no beast of prey, no venomous reptile, no sin. My +child, should <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> not feel this more than you? Those +who are shut up in crowded cities see but the work of +man, which is evil. It is the compensation of my +flight from Carthage that I am brought before the +face of God.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The heathen worship all this, as if God Himself,”</span> +said Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“how strange it seems to me that any +one can forget the Creator in His works!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cæcilius was silent for a moment, and sighed; he +then said, <span class="tei tei-q">“You have ever been a Christian, Agellius.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And you have not, my father?”</span> answered he; +<span class="tei tei-q">“well, you have earned that grace which came to me +freely.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius,”</span> said the priest, <span class="tei tei-q">“it comes freely to all; +and is only merited when it has already prevailed. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page161">[pg 161]</span><a name="Pg161" id="Pg161" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Yet I think you earned it too, else why the difference +between you and your brother?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What do you know of us?”</span> asked Agellius +quickly. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Not a great deal,”</span> answered he, <span class="tei tei-q">“yet something. +Three or four years back an effort was made to rekindle +the Christian spirit in these parts, and to do +something for the churches of the proconsulate, and +to fill up the vacant sees. Nothing has come of it as +yet; but steps were taken towards it: one was to +obtain a recovery of the Christians who remained in +them. I was sent here for that purpose, and in this +way heard of you and your brother. When my life +was threatened by the persecution, and I had to flee, +I thought of your cottage. I was obliged to act +secretly, as we did not know friends from foes.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You were led here for other purposes towards <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></span>, +my father,”</span> said Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“yet you cannot have a +safer refuge. There is nothing to disturb, nothing to +cause suspicion here. In this harvest time numbers +of strangers pour in from the mountains, of various +races; there is nothing to distinguish you from one +of them, and my brother is away convoying some +grain to Carthage. Persecution drove you hither, but +you have not been suffered to be idle, my father, you +have brought home a wanderer.”</span> He added, after a +pause, <span class="tei tei-q">“I am well enough to go to confession to you +now. May it be this evening?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It will be well,”</span> answered Cæcilius; <span class="tei tei-q">“how long I +shall still be here, I cannot tell. I am expecting my +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page162">[pg 162]</span><a name="Pg162" id="Pg162" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>trusty messenger with despatches. It is now three +days since he was here. However, this I say without +misgiving, we do not part for long. What do +you here longer? you must come to me. I must prepare +you, and send you back to Sicca, to collect and +restore this scattered flock.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius turned, and leaned against the priest’s +shoulder, and laughed. <span class="tei tei-q">“I am laughing,”</span> he said, +<span class="tei tei-q">“not from lightness of mind, but from the depth of +surprise and of joy that you should so think of me. +It was a dream which once I had; but impossible! +you do not think that I, weak I, shall ever be able to +do more than save my own soul?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You will save your own soul by saving the souls +of others,”</span> said Cæcilius; <span class="tei tei-q">“my child, I could tell you +more things if I thought it good for you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“But, my father, I have so weak, so soft a heart,”</span> +cried Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“what am I to do with myself? I am +not of the temper of which heroes are made.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“ <span class="tei tei-q">‘Virtus in infirmitate perficitur,’</span> ”</span> said the priest. +<span class="tei tei-q">“What! are you to do <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">any</span></span> thing of yourself? or are +you to be simply the instrument of Another? We +shall have the same termination, you and myself, but +you long after me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah, father, because <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span> will burn out so much +more quickly!”</span> said Agellius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I think,”</span> said Cæcilius, <span class="tei tei-q">“I see my messenger; +there is some one who has made his way by stealth +into the garden, or at least not by the beaten way.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +There <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">was</span></span> a visitor, as Cæcilius had said; however, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page163">[pg 163]</span><a name="Pg163" id="Pg163" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>it was not his messenger, but Juba, who approached, +looking with great curiosity at Cæcilius, and absorbed +in the sight. Cæcilius in turn regarded him steadfastly, +and then said to Agellius, <span class="tei tei-q">“It is your +brother.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What brings you here, Juba?”</span> said the latter. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I have been away on a distant errand,”</span> said Juba; +<span class="tei tei-q">“and find you have been ill. Is this your nurse?”</span> he +eyed him almost sternly, and added, <span class="tei tei-q">“’Tis a Christian +priest.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Has Agellius no acquaintance but Christians?”</span> +asked Cæcilius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Acquaintance! O surely!”</span> answered Juba; +<span class="tei tei-q">“agreeable, innocent, sweet acquaintance of another +sort; myself to begin with. My lad,”</span> he continued, +<span class="tei tei-q">“you did not rise to their price, but you did your +best.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Juba,”</span> said his brother, <span class="tei tei-q">“if you have any business +here, say it, and have done. I am not strong enough +to hold any altercation with you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Business!”</span> said Juba, <span class="tei tei-q">“I can find quite business +enough here, if I choose. This is a priest of the +Christians. I am sure of it.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cæcilius looked at him with such calmness and +benevolence, that at length Juba turned away his eyes +with something of irritation. He said, <span class="tei tei-q">“If I <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">am</span></span> a +priest, I am here to claim you as one of my children.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba winced, but said scornfully, <span class="tei tei-q">“You are mistaken +there, father; speak to those who own you. I am a +free man.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page164">[pg 164]</span><a name="Pg164" id="Pg164" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“My son,”</span> Cæcilius answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“you have been +under instruction; it is your duty to go forward, not +back.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What do you know about me?”</span> said Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“he +has been telling.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Your face, your manner, your voice, tells a tale; I +need no information from others. I have heard of +you years ago; now I see you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What do you see in me?”</span> said Juba. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I see pride in bodily shape, treading down faith +and conviction,”</span> said Cæcilius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba neighed rather than laughed, so fierce and +scornful was its expression. <span class="tei tei-q">“What you slaves call +pride,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I call dignity.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You believe in a God, Creator of heaven and +earth, as certainly as I do,”</span> said the priest, <span class="tei tei-q">“but you +deliberately set yourself against Him.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba smiled. <span class="tei tei-q">“I am as free,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“in <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">my</span></span> place, +as He in His.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You mean,”</span> answered Cæcilius, <span class="tei tei-q">“free to do wrong, +and free to suffer for it.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You may call it wrong, and call it suffering,”</span> +replied Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“but for me, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> do not call wrong what +He calls wrong; and if He puts me to pain, it is +because He is the stronger.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The priest stopped awhile; there was no emotion +on either side. It was strange to see them so passionless, +so antagonistic, like St. Michael and his adversary. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“There is that within you,”</span> said Cæcilius, <span class="tei tei-q">“which +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page165">[pg 165]</span><a name="Pg165" id="Pg165" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>speaks as I speak. That inward voice takes the part +of the Creator, and condemns you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">He</span></span> put it there,”</span> said Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> will take care +to put it out.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Then He will have justice as well as power on His +side,”</span> said the priest. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I will never fawn or crouch,”</span> said Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“I will be +lord and master in my own soul. Every faculty shall +be mine; there shall be no divided allegiance.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cæcilius paused again; he said at length, <span class="tei tei-q">“My son, +my soul tells me, or rather my Maker tells me, and +your Maker, that some heavy judgment is impending +over you. Do penance while you may.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Tell your forebodings to women and children,”</span> +said Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“I am prepared for anything. I will not +be crushed.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius was not strong enough to bear a part in +such a scene. <span class="tei tei-q">“Father,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“it is his way, but +don’t believe him. He has better thoughts. Away +with you, Juba, you are not wanted here.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius,”</span> said the priest, <span class="tei tei-q">“such words are not +strange to me. I am not young, and have seen much +of the world; and my very office and position elicits +blasphemies from others from time to time. I knew a +man who carried out his bad thoughts and words into +act. Abjuring his Maker, he abandoned himself to the +service of the evil one. He betrayed his brethren to +death. He lived on year after year, and became old. +He was smitten with illness; then I first saw him. I +made him contemplate a picture; it was the picture of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page166">[pg 166]</span><a name="Pg166" id="Pg166" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the Good Shepherd. I dwelt on the vain efforts of the +poor sheep to get out of the fold; its irrational aversion +to its home, and its desperate resolution to force a +way through the prickly fence. It was pierced and torn +with the sharp aloe; at last it lay imprisoned in its stern +embrace, motionless and bleeding. Then the Shepherd, +though He had to wound His own hands in the +work, disengaged it, and brought it back. God has +His own times; His power went along with the picture, +and the man was moved. I said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">This</span></span> is His +return for your enmity: He is determined to have +you, cost Him what it will.’</span> I need not go through +the many things that followed, but the issue may be +told in few words. He came back; he lived a life of +penance at the Church’s door; he received the peace +of the Church in immediate prospect of the persecution, +and has within the last ten days died a martyr’s +death.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba had listened as if he was constrained against +his will. When the priest stopped he started, and +began to speak impetuously, and unlike his ordinary +tone. He placed his hands violently against his ears. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Stop!”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“no more. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> will not betray them; +no: I <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">need</span></span> not betray them;”</span> he laughed; <span class="tei tei-q">“the black +moor does the work himself. Look,”</span> he cried, seizing +the priest’s arm, and pointing to a part of the forest, +which happened to be to windward. <span class="tei tei-q">“You are in +their number, priest, who can foretell the destinies of +others, and are blind to their own. Read there, the +task is not hard, your coming fortunes.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page167">[pg 167]</span><a name="Pg167" id="Pg167" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +His finger was directed to a spot where, amid the +thick foliage, the gleam of a pool or of a marsh was +visible. The various waters round about issuing from +the gravel, or drained from the nightly damps, had +run into a hollow, filled with the decaying vegetation +of former years, and were languidly filtered out into a +brook, more healthy than the vast reservoir itself. Its +banks were bordered with a deep, broad layer of mud, +a transition substance between the rich vegetable +matter which it once had been, and the multitudinous +world of insect life which it was becoming. A cloud +or mist at this time was hanging over it, high in air. +A harsh and shrill sound, a whizzing or a chirping, +proceeded from that cloud to the ear of the attentive +listener. What these indications portended was plain. +<span class="tei tei-q">“There,”</span> said Juba, <span class="tei tei-q">“is what will tell more against you +than imperial edict, informer, or proconsular apparitor; +and no work of mine.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He turned down the bank and disappeared. Agellius +and his guest looked at each other in dismay. <span class="tei tei-q">“It +is the locusts,”</span> they whispered to each other, as they +went back into the cottage. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page168">[pg 168]</span><a name="Pg168" id="Pg168" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc29" id="toc29"></a><a name="pdf30" id="pdf30"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XV.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">A VISITATION.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The plague of locusts, one of the most awful visitations +to which the countries included in the Roman +empire were exposed, extended from the Atlantic to +Ethiopia, from Arabia to India, and from the Nile +and Red Sea to Greece and the north of Asia Minor. +Instances are recorded in history of clouds of the devastating +insect crossing the Black Sea to Poland, +and the Mediterranean to Lombardy. It is as numerous +in its species as it is wide in its range of territory. +Brood follows brood, with a sort of family +likeness, yet with distinct attributes, as we read in +the prophets of the Old Testament, from whom +Bochart tells us it is possible to enumerate as many +as ten kinds. It wakens into existence and activity +as early as the month of March; but instances are +not wanting, as in our present history, of its appearance +as late as June. Even one flight comprises +myriads upon myriads passing imagination, to which +the drops of rain or the sands of the sea are the only +fit comparison; and hence it is almost a proverbial +mode of expression in the East (as may be illustrated +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page169">[pg 169]</span><a name="Pg169" id="Pg169" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>by the sacred pages to which we just now referred), +by way of describing a vast invading army, to liken +it to the locusts. So dense are they, when upon the +wing, that it is no exaggeration to say that they hide +the sun, from which circumstance indeed their name +in Arabic is derived. And so ubiquitous are they +when they have alighted on the earth, that they +simply cover or clothe its surface. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +This last characteristic is stated in the sacred +account of the plagues of Egypt, where their faculty +of devastation is also mentioned. The corrupting +fly and the bruising and prostrating hail had preceded +them in that series of visitations, but <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">they</span></span> +came to do the work of ruin more thoroughly. For +not only the crops and fruits, but the foliage of the +forest itself, nay, the small twigs and the bark of the +trees are the victims of their curious and energetic +rapacity. They have been known even to gnaw the +door-posts of the houses. Nor do they execute their +task in so slovenly a way, that, as they have succeeded +other plagues so they may have successors +themselves. They take pains to spoil what they +leave. Like the Harpies, they smear every thing +that they touch with a miserable slime, which has +the effect of a virus in corroding, or, as some say, in +scorching and burning it. And then, as if all this +were little, when they can do nothing else, they die;—as +if out of sheer malevolence to man, for the poisonous +elements of their nature are then let loose, and +dispersed abroad, and create a pestilence; and they +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page170">[pg 170]</span><a name="Pg170" id="Pg170" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>manage to destroy many more by their death than +in their life. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Such are the locusts,—whose existence the ancient +heretics brought forward as their palmary proof that +there was an evil creator, and of whom an Arabian +writer shows his national horror, when he says that +they have the head of a horse, the eyes of an elephant, +the neck of a bull, the horns of a stag, the breast +of a lion, the belly of a scorpion, the wings of an +eagle, the legs of a camel, the feet of an ostrich, +and the tail of a serpent. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +And now they are rushing upon a considerable +tract of that beautiful region of which we have spoken +with such admiration. The swarm to which Juba +pointed grew and grew till it became a compact +body, as much as a furlong square; yet it was but +the vanguard of a series of similar hosts, formed one +after another out of the hot mould or sand, rising +into the air like clouds, enlarging into a dusky +canopy, and then discharged against the fruitful +plain. At length the huge innumerous mass was put +into motion, and began its career, darkening the face +of day. As became an instrument of divine power, +it seemed to have no volition of its own; it was set +off, it drifted, with the wind, and thus made northwards, +straight for Sicca. Thus they advanced, host +after host, for a time wafted on the air, and gradually +declining to the earth, while fresh broods were carried +over the first, and neared the earth, after a longer +flight, in their turn. For twelve miles did they +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page171">[pg 171]</span><a name="Pg171" id="Pg171" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>extend from front to rear, and their whizzing and +hissing could be heard for six miles on every side +of them. The bright sun, though hidden by them, +illumined their bodies, and was reflected from their +quivering wings; and as they heavily fell earthward, +they seemed like the innumerable flakes of a yellow-coloured +snow. And like snow did they descend, a +living carpet, or rather pall, upon fields, crops, +gardens, copses, groves, orchards, vineyards, olive +woods, orangeries, palm plantations, and the deep +forests, sparing nothing within their reach, and where +there was nothing to devour, lying helpless in drifts, +or crawling forward obstinately, as they best might, +with the hope of prey. They could spare their +hundred thousand soldiers twice or thrice over, and +not miss them; their masses filled the bottoms of +the ravines and hollow ways, impeding the traveller +as he rode forward on his journey, and trampled by +thousands under his horse-hoofs. In vain was all +this overthrow and waste by the road-side; in vain +their loss in river, pool, and watercourse. The poor +peasants hastily dug pits and trenches as their +enemy came on; in vain they filled them from the +wells or with lighted stubble. Heavily and thickly +did the locusts fall: they were lavish of their lives; +they choked the flame and the water, which destroyed +them the while, and the vast living hostile armament +still moved on. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +They moved right on like soldiers in their ranks, +stopping at nothing, and straggling for nothing: +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page172">[pg 172]</span><a name="Pg172" id="Pg172" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>they carried a broad furrow or wheal all across +the country, black and loathsome, while it was +as green and smiling on each side of them and +in front, as it had been before they came. Before +them, in the language of prophets, was a paradise; +and behind them a desert. They are daunted +by nothing; they surmount walls and hedges, and +enter enclosed gardens or inhabited houses. A +rare and experimental vineyard has been planted +in a sheltered grove. The high winds of Africa +will not commonly allow the light trellis or the +slim pole; but here the lofty poplar of Campania +has been possible, on which the vine plant mounts so +many yards into the air, that the poor grape-gatherers +bargain for a funeral pile and a tomb as one of the +conditions of their engagement. The locusts have +done what the winds and lightning could not do, +and the whole promise of the vintage, leaves and all, +is gone, and the slender stems are left bare. There +is another yard, less uncommon, but still tended with +more than common care; each plant is kept within +due bounds by a circular trench round it, and by +upright canes on which it is to trail; in an hour the +solicitude and long toil of the vine-dresser are lost, +and his pride humbled. There is a smiling farm; +another sort of vine, of remarkable character, is found +against the farm-house. This vine springs from one +root, and has clothed and matted with its many +branches the four walls; the whole of it is covered +thick with long clusters, which another month will +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page173">[pg 173]</span><a name="Pg173" id="Pg173" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>ripen:—on every grape and leaf there is a locust. Into +the dry caves and pits, carefully strewed with straw, the +harvest-men have (safely, as they thought just now) +been lodging the far-famed African wheat. One grain +or root shoots up into ten, twenty, fifty, eighty, nay, +three or four hundred stalks: sometimes the stalks +have two ears apiece, and these again shoot into a +number of lesser ones. These stores are intended for +the Roman populace, but the locusts have been beforehand +with them. The small patches of ground +belonging to the poor peasants up and down the +country, for raising the turnips, garlic, barley, watermelons, +on which they live, are the prey of these +glutton invaders as much as the choicest vines and +olives. Nor have they any reverence for the villa of +the civic decurion or the Roman official. The neatly +arranged kitchen-garden, with its cherries, plums, +peaches, and apricots, is a waste; as the slaves sit +round, in the kitchen in the first court, at their coarse +evening meal, the room is filled with the invading +force, and news comes to them that the enemy has +fallen upon the apples and pears in the basement, and +is at the same time plundering and sacking the +preserves of quince and pomegranate, and revelling +in the jars of precious oil of Cyprus and Mendes in +the store-rooms. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +They come up to the walls of Sicca, and are flung +against them into the ditch. Not a moment’s hesitation +or delay; they recover their footing, they climb +up the wood or stucco, they surmount the parapet, or +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page174">[pg 174]</span><a name="Pg174" id="Pg174" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>they have entered in at the windows, filling the apartments, +and the most private and luxurious chambers, +not one or two, like stragglers at forage or rioters +after a victory, but in order of battle, and with the +array of an army. Choice plants or flowers about the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">impluvia</span></span> and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">xysti</span></span>, for ornament or refreshment, myrtles, +oranges, pomegranates, the rose and the carnation, +have disappeared. They dim the bright marbles +of the walls and the gilding of the ceilings. They +enter the triclinium in the midst of the banquet; they +crawl over the viands and spoil what they do not +devour. Unrelaxed by success and by enjoyment, +onward they go; a secret mysterious instinct keeps +them together, as if they had a king over them. +They move along the floor in so strange an order that +they seem to be a tesselated pavement themselves, +and to be the artificial embellishment of the place; +so true are their lines, and so perfect is the pattern +they describe. Onward they go, to the market, to the +temple sacrifices, to the baker’s stores, to the cook-shops, +to the confectioner’s, to the druggists; nothing +comes amiss to them; wherever man has aught to eat +or drink, there are they, reckless of death, strong of +appetite, certain of conquest. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +They have passed on; the men of Sicca sadly congratulate +themselves, and begin to look about them, +and to sum up their losses. Being the proprietors of +the neighbouring districts, or the purchasers of its +produce, they lament over the devastation, not because +the fair country is disfigured, but because income is +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page175">[pg 175]</span><a name="Pg175" id="Pg175" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>becoming scanty, and prices are becoming high. +How is a population of many thousands to be fed? +where is the grain, where the melons, the figs, the +dates, the gourds, the beans, the grapes, to sustain +and solace the multitudes in their lanes, caverns, and +garrets? This is another weighty consideration for +the class well-to-do in the world. The taxes, too, +and contributions, the capitation tax, the percentage +upon corn, the various articles of revenues due to +Rome, how are they to be paid? How are cattle to +be provided for the sacrifices and for the tables of +the wealthy? One-half, at least, of the supply of Sicca +is cut off. No longer slaves are seen coming into the +city from the country in troops with their baskets on +their shoulders, or beating forward the horse, or +mule, or ox, overladen with its burden, or driving in +the dangerous cow, or the unresisting sheep. The +animation of the place is gone; a gloom hangs over +the Forum; and if its frequenters are still merry +there is something of sullenness and recklessness in +their mirth. The gods have given the city up; +something or other has angered them. Locusts, indeed, +are no uncommon visitation, but at an earlier +season. Perhaps some temple has been polluted, or +some unholy rite practised, or some secret conspiracy +has spread. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Another and a still worse calamity. The invaders, +as we have already intimated, could be more terrible +still in their overthrow than in their ravages. The +inhabitants of the country had attempted, where +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page176">[pg 176]</span><a name="Pg176" id="Pg176" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>they could, to destroy them by fire and water. It +would seem as if the malignant animals had resolved +that the sufferers should have the benefit of this +policy to the full; for they had not got more than +twenty miles beyond Sicca when they suddenly sickened +and died. Thus after they had done all the +mischief they could by their living, when they had +made their foul maws the grave of every living thing, +then they died themselves, and made the desolated +land their own grave. They took from it its hundred +forms and varieties of beautiful life, and left it their +own fetid and poisonous carcases in payment. It +was a sudden catastrophe; they seemed making for +the Mediterranean, as if, like other great conquerors, +they had other worlds to subdue beyond it; but +whether they were overgorged, or struck by some +atmospheric change, or that their time was come and +they paid the debt of nature, so it was that suddenly +they fell, and their glory came to nought, and all was +vanity to them as to others, and <span class="tei tei-q">“their stench rose +up, and their corruption rose up, because they had +done proudly.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The hideous swarms lay dead in the moist steaming +underwoods, in the green swamps, in the sheltered +valleys, in the ditches and furrows of the fields, amid +the monuments of their own prowess, the ruined +crops and the dishonoured vineyards. A poisonous +element, issuing from their remains, mingled with +the atmosphere, and corrupted it. The dismayed +peasant found that a pestilence had begun; a new +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page177">[pg 177]</span><a name="Pg177" id="Pg177" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>visitation, not confined to the territory which the +enemy had made its own, but extending far and +wide, as the atmosphere extends, in all directions. +Their daily toil, no longer claimed by the produce of +the earth, which has ceased to exist, is now devoted +to the object of ridding themselves of the deadly +legacy which they have received in its stead. In +vain; it is their last toil; they are digging pits, they +are raising piles, for their own corpses, as well as for +the bodies of their enemies. Invader and victim lie +in the same grave, burn in the same heap; they +sicken while they work, and the pestilence spreads. +A new invasion is menacing Sicca, in the shape of +companies of peasants and slaves, (the panic having +broken the bonds of discipline,) with their employers +and overseers, nay the farmers themselves and proprietors, +rushing thither from famine and infection +as to a place of safety. The inhabitants of the +city are as frightened as they, and more energetic. +They determine to keep them at a distance; the +gates are closed; a strict <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">cordon</span></span> is drawn; however, +by the continued pressure, numbers contrive to make +an entrance, as water into a vessel, or light through +the closed shutters, and anyhow the air cannot be +put into quarantine; so the pestilence has the better +of it, and at last appears in the alleys, and in the +cellars of Sicca. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page178">[pg 178]</span><a name="Pg178" id="Pg178" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc31" id="toc31"></a><a name="pdf32" id="pdf32"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XVI.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">WORSE AND WORSE.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O wretched minds of men! O blind hearts!”</span> +truly cries out a great heathen poet, but on grounds +far other than the true ones. The true ground of +such a lamentation is, that men do not interpret the +signs of the times and of the world as He intends +who has placed these signs in the heavens; that +when Mane, Thecel, Phares, is written upon the +ethereal wall, they have no inward faculty to read +them withal; and that when they go elsewhere for +one learned in tongues, instead of taking Daniel, who +is used to converse with Angels, they rely on Magi or +Chaldeans, who know only the languages of earth. +So it was with the miserable population of Sicca +now; half famished, seized with a pestilence which +was sure to rage before it assuaged, perplexed and +oppressed by the recoil upon them of the population +whom they had from time to time sent out into the +surrounding territory, or from whom they had supplied +their markets, they never fancied that the real +cause of the visitation which we have been describing +was their own iniquity in their Maker’s sight, that +His arm inflicted it, and that its natural and direct +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page179">[pg 179]</span><a name="Pg179" id="Pg179" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>interpretation was, <span class="tei tei-q">“Do penance, and be converted.”</span> +On the contrary, they looked only at their +own vain idols, and at the vain rites which these +idols demanded, and they thought there was no surer +escape from their misery than by upholding a lie, +and putting down all who revolted from it; and +thus the visitation which was sent to do them good +turned through their wilful blindness to their greater +condemnation. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The Forum, which at all times was the resort of +idleness and dissipation, now became more and more +the haunt of famine and sickness, of robust frames +without work, of slavish natures virtually and for the +time emancipated and uncontrolled, of youth and +passion houseless and shelterless. In groups and +companies, in and out of the porticoes, on the steps +of the temples, and about the booths and stalls of the +market, a multitude grows day by day, from the town +and from the country, and of all the various races +which town and country contain. The civil magistracy +and the civil force to which the peace of the +city was committed, were not equal to such an emergency +as the present; and the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">milites stationarii</span></span>, a +sort of garrison who represented the Roman power, +though they were ready to act against either magistrates +or mob impartially, had no tenderness for either, +when in collision with each other. Indeed the bonds +of society were broken, and every political element +was at war with every other, in a case of such great +common calamity, when every one was angry with +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page180">[pg 180]</span><a name="Pg180" id="Pg180" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>every one else, for want of some clearly defined object +against which the common anger might be discharged +with unanimity. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +They had almost given over sacrificing and consulting +the flame or the entrails; for no reversal or respite +of their sufferings had followed their most assiduous +acts of deprecation. Moreover the omens were generally +considered by the priests to have been unpropitious +or adverse. A sheep had been discovered to +have, instead of a liver, something very like a gizzard; +a sow had chewed and swallowed the flowers with +which it had been embellished for the sacrifice; and +a calf, after receiving the fatal blow, instead of lying +down and dying, dashed into the temple, dripping +blood upon the pavement as it went, and at last fell +and expired just before the sacred <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">adytum</span></span>. In despair +the people took to fortune-telling and its attendant +arts. Old crones were found in plenty with their +strange rites, the stranger the more welcome. Trenches +were dug in by-places for sacrifices to the infernal +gods; amulets, rings, counters, tablets, pebbles, nails, +bones, feathers, Ephesian or Egyptian legends, were +in request, and raised the hopes, or beguiled and +occupied the thoughts, of those who else would have +been directly dwelling on their sufferings, present or +in prospect. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Others were occupied, whether they would or no, +with diversions fiercer and more earnest. There were +continual altercations between farmers, small proprietors +of land, government and city +officials,—alterca<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page181">[pg 181]</span><a name="Pg181" id="Pg181" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>tions so manifold and violent, that, even were there +no hubbub of voices, and no incoherence of wrath and +fear to complicate them, we should despair of setting +them before the reader. An officer from the camp was +expostulating with one of the municipal authorities +that no corn had been sent thither for the last six or +seven days, and the functionary attacked had thrown +the blame on the farmer, and he in turn had protested +that he could not get cattle to bring the waggons into +Sicca; those which he had set out with had died of +exhaustion on the journey. A clerk, as we now +speak, in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Officium</span></span> of the society of publicans or +collectors of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">annona</span></span> was threatening a number of small +tenants with ejection for not sending in their rated +portion of corn for the Roman people:—the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Officium</span></span> +of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Notarius</span></span>, or assistant prefect, had written up to +Sicca from Carthage in violent terms; and come it +must, though the locusts had eaten up every stack +and granary. A number of half-starved peasants had +been summoned for payment of their taxes, <a name="corr181" id="corr181" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">and</span> in +spite of their ignorance of Latin, they had been made +to understand that death was the stern penalty of +neglecting to bring the coin. They, on the other hand, +by their fierce doggedness of manner, seemed to +signify by way of answer that death was not a penalty, +unless life was a boon. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">villicus</span></span> of one of the decurions, who had an +estate in the neighbourhood, was laying his miseries +before the man of business of his employer. <span class="tei tei-q">“What +are we to do?”</span> he said. <span class="tei tei-q">“Half the gang of slaves +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page182">[pg 182]</span><a name="Pg182" id="Pg182" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>is dead, and the other half is so feeble, that I can’t +get through the work of the month. We ought to be +sheep-shearing; you have no chance of wool. We +ought to be swarming the bees, pressing the honey, +boiling and purifying the wax. We ought to be +plucking the white leaves of the camomile, and steeping +the golden flowers in oil. We ought to be +gathering the wild grapes, sifting off the flowers, and +preserving the residue in honey. We ought to be +sowing brassicum, parsley, and coriander against next +spring. We ought to be cheese-making. We ought +to be baking white and red bricks and tiles in the +sun; we have no hands for the purpose. The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">villicus</span></span> +is not to blame, but the anger of the gods.”</span> The +country <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">employé</span></span> of the procurator of the imperial +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Baphia</span></span> protests that the insect cannot be found from +which the dye is extracted; and argues that the +locusts must have devoured them, or the plant on +which they feed, or that they have been carried off +by the pestilence. Here is old Corbulus in agonies +for his febrifuge, and a slave of his is in high words +with the market-carrier, who tells him that Mago, +who supplied it, is dead of a worse fever than his +master’s. <span class="tei tei-q">“The rogue,”</span> cried the slave, <span class="tei tei-q">“my master +has contracted with him for the year, and has paid +him the money in advance.”</span> A jeering and mocking +from the crowd assailed the unfortunate domestic, +who so truly foreboded that his return without the +medicine would be the signal for his summary committal +to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">pistrinum</span></span>. <span class="tei tei-q">“Let old Corbulus follow +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page183">[pg 183]</span><a name="Pg183" id="Pg183" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Mago in his passage to perdition,”</span> said one of the +rabble; <span class="tei tei-q">“let him take his physic with Pluto, and +leave us the bread and wine on which he’s grown +gouty.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Bread, bread!”</span> was the response elicited +by this denunciation, and it spread into a circle larger +than that of which the slave and the carrier were +part. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Wine and bread, Ceres and Liber!”</span> cried a young +legionary, who, after a night of revelry, was emerging +still half-intoxicated from one of the low wine-shops +in the vaults which formed the basement of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Thermæ</span></span> or hot baths; <span class="tei tei-q">“make way there, you filthy +slime of the earth, you half-kneaded, half-fermented +Africans, who never yet have quite been men, but +have ever smelt strong of the baboon, who are three +quarters <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></span>, and two vinegar, and a fifth water,—as +I was saying, you are like bad liquor, and the +sight of you disagrees with the stomach and affects +the eyes.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The crowd looked sullenly, and without wincing, +at his shield, which was the only portion of his military +accoutrements which he had preserved after his +carouse. The white surface, with a silver boss in the +centre, surrounded by first a white and then a red +circle, and the purple border, showed that he +belonged to the Tertiani or third Italic Legion, +which had been stationed in Africa since the time +of Augustus. <span class="tei tei-q">“Vile double-tongued mongrels,”</span> he +continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“what are you fit for but to gather the +fruits of the earth for your owners and lords, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page184">[pg 184]</span><a name="Pg184" id="Pg184" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-q">‘Romanos dominos rerum’</span>? And if there are now +no fruits to reap, why your service is gone. Go +home and die, and drown yourselves, for what are +you fit for now, except to take your dead corpses away +from the nostrils of a Roman, the cream of humankind? +Ye base-born apes, that’s why you catch the +pestilence, because our blood mantles and foams in +our ruddy veins like new milk in the wine cup, which +is too strong for this clime, and my blood is up, and +I drink a full measure of it to great Rome; for what +does old Horace say, but <span class="tei tei-q">‘Nunc est bibendum’</span>? and +so get out of my way.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +To a good part of the multitude, both peasantry +and town rabble, Latin was unintelligible; but they +all understood vocabulary and syntax and logic, as +soon as he drew his knuckles across one fellow’s +face who refused to move from his path, and as soon +as his insult was returned by the latter with a thrust +of the dagger. A rush was made upon him, on +which he made a face at them, shook his fist, and +leaping on one side, ran with great swiftness to an +open space in advance. From his quarrelsome +humour rather than from fear, he raised a cry of +alarm; on which two or three fellow-soldiers made +their appearance from similar dens of intoxication +and vice, and came up to the rescue. The mob +assailed them with stones, and the cream of human +nature was likely to be roughly churned, when, +seeing matters were becoming serious, they suddenly +took to their heels, and got into the Temple of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page185">[pg 185]</span><a name="Pg185" id="Pg185" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Esculapius on one side of the Forum. The mob +followed, the ministers of the sacred place attempted +to shut the gates, a scuffle ensued, and a riot was in +progress. Self-preservation is the first law of man; +trembling for the safety of his noble buildings, and +considering that it was a bread riot, as it really was, +the priest of the god came forward, rebuked the mob +for its impiety, and showed the absurdity of supposing +that there were loaves in his enclosure to satisfy its +wants; but he reminded them that there was a baker’s +shop at the other end of the Forum, which was one of +the most considerable in Sicca. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +A slight impulse determines the movements of an +excited multitude. Off they went to the quarter in +question, where certainly there was the very large and +handsome store of a substantial dealer in grain of all +sorts, and in other produce. The shop, however, +seemed on this occasion to be but poorly furnished; +for the baker was a prudent man, and feared a display +of provisions which would be an invitation to a +hungry multitude. The assailants, however, were not +to be baffled; some one cried out that the man had +withdrawn his corn from the market for his own +ends, and that great stores were accumulated within. +They avail themselves of the hint; they pour in +through the open front, the baker escapes as he +may, his mills and ovens are smashed, the house +is ransacked; whatever is found is seized, thrown +about, wasted, eaten, as the case may be; and the +mob gains strength and appetite for fresh exploits. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page186">[pg 186]</span><a name="Pg186" id="Pg186" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +However, the rioters have no definite plan of action +yet. Some of them have penetrated into the stable +behind the house in search of corn. They find the +mill-ass which ground for the baker, and bring it out. +It is a beast of more than ordinary pretensions, such +as you would not often see in a mill, showing both +the wealth of the owner and the flourishing condition +of his trade. The asses of Africa are finer than those +in the north; but this is fine for an African. One +fellow mounts upon it, and sets off with the world +before him, like a knight-errant, seeking an adventure, +the rabble at his tail acting as squire. He begins +the circuit of the Forum, and picks up its riff-raff as +he goes along—here some rascal boys, there some +drunken women, here again a number of half-brutalized +country slaves and peasants. Partly out of +curiosity, partly from idleness, from ill temper, from +hope of spoil, from a vague desire to be doing something +or other, every one who has nothing to lose +by the adventure crowds around and behind him. +And on the contrary, as he advances, and the noise +and commotion increase, every one who has a position +of any sort, the confidential <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">vernæ</span></span> of great +families, farmers, shopkeepers, men of business, officials, +vanish from the scene of action without delay. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Africa, Africa!”</span> is now the cry; the signal in that +country, as an ancient writer tells us, that the parties +raising it have something new in hand, and have a +mind to do it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Suddenly, as they march on, a low and awful growl +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page187">[pg 187]</span><a name="Pg187" id="Pg187" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>is heard. It comes from the booth of a servant of +the imperial court. He is employed as a transporter +of wild beasts from the interior to the coast, where +they are shipped for Rome; and he has charge at +present of a noble lion, who is sitting majestically, +looking through the bars of his cage at the rabble, +who now begin to look at him. In demeanour and +in mental endowments he has the advantage of them. +It was at this moment, while they were closing, +hustling each other, staring at the beast, and hoping +to provoke him, that a shrill voice cried out, <span class="tei tei-q">“Christianos +ad leones, Christianos ad leones!”</span> the Christians +to the lions! A sudden and dead silence ensued, +as if the words had struck the breath out of the +promiscuous throng. An interval passed; and then +the same voice was heard again, <span class="tei tei-q">“Christianos ad +leones!”</span> This time the whole Forum took it up from +one end to the other. The fate of the day, the +direction of the movement, was decided; a distinct +object was obtained, and the only wonder was that +the multitude had been so long to seek and so slow to +find so obvious a cause of their misfortunes, so adequate +a subject of their vengeance. <span class="tei tei-q">“Christianos ad +leones!”</span> was shouted out by town and country, +priests and people. <span class="tei tei-q">“Long live the emperor! long +live Decius! he told us this long ago. There’s the +edict; it never has been obeyed. Death to the +magistrates! To the Christians! to the Christians! +Up with great Jove, down with the atheists!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +They were commencing their march when the ass +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page188">[pg 188]</span><a name="Pg188" id="Pg188" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>caught their eye. <span class="tei tei-q">“The Christians’ god!”</span> they +shouted out; <span class="tei tei-q">“the god of the Christians!”</span> Their +first impulse was to give the poor beast to the lion, +their next to sacrifice it, but they did not know to +whom. Then they said they would make the Christians +worship it; and dressing it up in tawdry finery, +they retained it at the head of their procession. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page189">[pg 189]</span><a name="Pg189" id="Pg189" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc33" id="toc33"></a><a name="pdf34" id="pdf34"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XVII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">CHRISTIANOS AD LEONES.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +By the time that they had got round again to the +unlucky baker’s, the mob had been swollen to a size +which even the area of the Forum would not contain, +and it filled the adjacent streets. And by the same +time it had come home to its leaders, and, indeed, to +every one who used his reason at all, that it was very +far from certain that there were any Christians in +Sicca, and if so, still very far from easy to say where +they were. And the difficulty was of so practical a +character as to keep them inactive for the space of +several hours. Meanwhile their passions were excited +to the boiling point by the very presence of the difficulty, +as men go mad of thirst when water is denied +them. At length, after a long season of such violent +commotion, such restless pain, such curses, shrieks, +and blasphemies, such bootless gesticulations, such +aimless contests with each other, that they seemed to +be already inmates of the prison beneath, they set off +in a blind way to make the circuit of the city as before +they had paraded round the Forum, still in the knight-errant +line, looking out for what might turn up where +they were sure of nothing, and relieving the intense +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page190">[pg 190]</span><a name="Pg190" id="Pg190" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>irritation of their passions by locomotion, if nothing +more substantial was offered to them. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was an awful day for the respectable inhabitants +of the place; worse than anything that even the most +timid of them had anticipated, when they had showed +their jealousy of a popular movement against the +proscribed religion; for the stimulus of famine and +pestilence was added to hatred of Christianity, in that +unreasoning multitude. The magistrates shut themselves +up in dismay; the small body of Roman soldiery +reserved their strength for the defence of themselves; +and the poor wretches, not a few, who had fallen from +the faith, and offered sacrifice, hung out from their +doors sinful heathen symbols, to avert a storm against +which apostasy was no sufficient safeguard. In this +conduct the Gnostics and other sectaries imitated them, +while the Tertullianists took a more manly part, from +principle or pride. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It would require the brazen voice which Homer +speaks of, or the magic pen of Sir Walter, to catalogue +and to picture, as far as it is lawful to do either, the +figures and groups of that most miserable procession. +As it went forward it gained a variety and strength, +which the circuit of the Forum could not furnish. +The more respectable religious establishments shut +their gates, and would have nothing to do with it. +The priests of Jupiter, the educational establishments +of the Temple of Mercury, the Temple of the Genius +of Rome near the Capitol, the hierophants of Isis, the +Minerva, the Juno, the Esculapius, viewed the popular +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page191">[pg 191]</span><a name="Pg191" id="Pg191" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>rising with terror and disgust; but these were not the +popular worships. The vast homestead of Astarte, +which in the number and vowed profligacy of its +inhabitants rivalled the vaults upon the Forum; the +old rites, many and diversified, if separately obscure, +which came from Punic times; the new importations +from Syria and Phrygia, and a number of other haunts +and schools of depravity and crime, did their part in +swelling or giving character to the concourse. The +hungry and idle rabble, the filthy beggars who fed on +the offal of the sacrifices, the drivers and slaughterers +of the beasts sacrificed; the tumblers and mountebanks +who amused the gaping market-people; dancers, +singers, pipers from low taverns and drinking-houses; +infamous creatures, young and old, men and boys, +half naked and not half sober; brutal blacks, the +aboriginal race of the Atlas, with their appetites +written on their skulls and features; Canaanites, as +they called themselves, from the coast; the wild beast-keepers +from the amphitheatre; troops of labourers +from the fields, to whom the epidemic was a time of +Saturnalia; and the degraded company, alas! how +numerous and how pitiable, who took their nightly +stand in long succession at the doors of their several +cells in the deep galleries under the Thermæ; all +these, and many others, had their part and place in the +procession. There you might see the devilish emblems +of idolatry borne aloft by wretches from the great +Punic Temple, while frantic forms, ragged and famished, +wasted and shameless, leapt and pranced around +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page192">[pg 192]</span><a name="Pg192" id="Pg192" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>them. There too was a choir of Bacchanals, ready +at a moment with songs as noisy as they were +unutterable. And there was the priest of the Punic +Saturn, the child-devourer, a sort of Moloch, to whom +the martyrdom of Christians was a sacred rite; he +and all his attendants in fiery-coloured garments, as +became a sanguinary religion. And there, moreover, +was a band of fanatics, devotees of Cybele or of the +Syrian goddess, if indeed the two rites were distinct. +They were bedizened with ribbons and rags of various +colours, and smeared over with paint. They had +long hair like women, and turbans on their heads. +They pushed their way to the head of the procession, +being quite worthy of the post of honour, and, seizing +the baker’s ass, put their goddess on the back of it. +Some of them were playing the fife, others clashing +cymbals, others danced, others yelled, others rolled +their heads, and others flogged themselves. Such +was the character of the frenzied host, which progressed +slowly through the streets, while every now +and then, when there was an interval in the hubbub, +the words <span class="tei tei-q">“Christianos ad leones”</span> were thundered +out by some ruffian voice, and a thousand others +fiercely responded. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Still no Christian was forthcoming; and it was +plain that the rage of the multitude must be discharged +in other quarters, if the difficulty continued +in satisfying it. At length some one recollected the +site of the Christian chapel, when it existed; thither +went the multitude, and effected an entrance without +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page193">[pg 193]</span><a name="Pg193" id="Pg193" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>delay. It had long been turned to other purposes, +and was now a store of casks and leather bottles. +The miserable sacristan had long given up any +practical observance of his faith, and remained on +the spot a keeper of the premises for the trader who +owned them. They found him, and dragged him +into the street, and brought him forward to the ass, +and to the idol on its back, and bade him worship the +one and the other. The poor wretch obeyed; he +worshipped the ass, he worshipped the idol, and he +worshipped the genius of the emperor; but his persecutors +wanted blood; they would not submit to be +cheated of their draught; so when they had made him +do whatever they exacted, they flung him under the +feet of the multitude, who, as they passed on, soon +trod all life and breath out of him, and sent him to +the powers below, to whom he had just before been +making his profession. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Their next adventure was with a Tertullianist, +who stationed himself at his shop-door, displayed +the sign of the cross, and walking leisurely forward, +seized the idol on the ass’s back, broke it over his +knee, and flung the portions into the crowd. For +a few minutes they stared on him with astonishment, +then some women fell upon him with their nails and +teeth, and tore the poor fanatic till he fell bleeding +and lifeless upon the ground. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +In the higher and better part of the city, which +they now approached, lived the widow of a Duumvir, +who in his day had made a bold profession of +Chris<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page194">[pg 194]</span><a name="Pg194" id="Pg194" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>tianity. The well connected lady was a Christian +also, and was sheltered by her great friends from the +persecution. She was bringing up a family in great +privacy, and with straitened means, and with as much +religious strictness as was possible under the circumstances +of the place. She kept them from all bad +sights and bad company, was careful as to the character +of the slaves she placed about them, and taught +them all she knew of her religion, which was quite +sufficient for their salvation. They had all been +baptized, some by herself in default of the proper +minister, and, as far as they could show at their +tender ages, which lay between thirteen and seven, +the three girls and the two boys were advancing in +the love of truth and sanctity. Her husband, some +years back, when presiding in the Forum, had +punished with just severity an act of ungrateful +fraud; and the perpetrator had always cherished a +malignant hatred of him and his. The moment of +gratifying it had now arrived, and he pointed out to +the infuriated rabble the secluded mansion where +the Christian household dwelt. He could not offer +to them a more acceptable service, and the lady’s +modest apartment was soon swarming with enemies +of her God and His followers. In spite of her heartrending +cries and supplications, her children were +seized, and when the youngest boy clung to her, the +mother was thrown senseless upon the pavement. +The whole five were carried off in triumph; it was +the greatest success of the day. There was some +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page195">[pg 195]</span><a name="Pg195" id="Pg195" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>hesitation how to dispose of them; at last the girls +were handed over to the priestesses of Astarte, and +the boys to the loathsome votaries of Cybele. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Revenge upon Christians was the motive principle +of the riot; but the prospect of plunder stimulated +numbers, and here Christians could not minister +to their desires. They began the day by the attack +upon the provision-shop, and now they had reached +the aristocratic quarter of the city, and they gazed +with envy and cupidity at the noble mansions +which occupied it. They began to shout out, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Bread, bread!”</span> while they uttered threats against +the Christians; they violently beat at the closed +gates, and looked about for means of scaling the +high walls which defended them in front. The +cravings of famished men soon take form and +organization; they began to ask relief from house +to house. Nothing came amiss; and loaves, figs, +grapes, wine, found their way into the hands and +mouths of those who were the least exhausted and +the least enfeebled. A second line of fierce supplicants +succeeded to the first; and it was plain that, +unless some diversion were effected, the respectable +quarter of Sicca had found a worse enemy than the +locust. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The houses of the government <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">susceptor</span></span>, or tax collector, +of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">tabularius</span></span> or registrar, of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">defensor</span></span> or +city counsel, and one or two others, had already been +the scene of collisions between the domestic slaves +and the multitude, when a demand was made upon +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page196">[pg 196]</span><a name="Pg196" id="Pg196" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the household of another of the Curia, who held the +office of Flamen Dialis. He was a wealthy, easy-going +man, generally popular, with no appetite for +persecution at all, but still no desire to be persecuted. +He had more than tolerated the Christians, and had +at this time a Christian among his slaves. This was +a Greek, a splendid cook and perfumer, and he would +not have lost him for a large sum of money. However, +life and limb were nearer to him even than his +dinner, and a Jonah must be cast overboard to save +the ship. In trepidation, yet with greater satisfaction, +his fellow-domestics thrust the poor helpless +man out of the house, and secured the door behind +him. He was a man of middle age, of a grave aspect, +and he looked silently and calmly upon the infuriated +and yelling multitude, who were swarming up the +hill about him, and swelling the number of his persecutors. +What had been his prospects, had he +remained in his earthly master’s service? his fill of +meat and drink while he was strong and skilful, the +stocks or scourge if he ever failed to please him, and +the old age and death of the worn-out hack who once +has caracoled in the procession, or snorted at the coming +fight. What are his prospects now? a moment’s +agony, a martyr’s death, and the everlasting beatific +vision of Him for whom he died. The multitude cry +out, <span class="tei tei-q">“To the ass or to the lion!”</span> worship the ass, +or fight the lion. He was dragged to the ass’s head +and commanded to kneel down before the irrational +beast. In the course of a minute he had lifted up +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page197">[pg 197]</span><a name="Pg197" id="Pg197" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>his eyes to heaven, had signed himself with the cross, +had confessed his Saviour, and had been torn to +pieces by the multitude. They anticipated the lion of +the amphitheatre. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +A lull followed, sure to be succeeded by a fresh +storm. Not every household had a Christian cook +to make a victim of. Plunder, riot, and outrage +were becoming the order of the day; successive messengers +were sent up in breathless haste to the capitol +and the camp for aid, but the Romans returned for +answer that they had enough to do in defending the +government buildings and offices. They suggested +measures, however, for putting the mob on a false +scent, or involving them in some difficult or tedious +enterprise, which would give the authorities time for +deliberation, and for taking the rioters at disadvantage. +If the magistrates could get them out of the +city, it would be a great point; they could then shut +the gates upon them, and deal with them as they +would. In that case, too, the insurgents would +straggle, and divide, and then they might be disposed +of in detail. They were showing symptoms of +returning fury, when a voice suddenly cried out, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius the Christian! Agellius the sorcerer! Agellius +to the lions! To the farm of Varius—to the +cottage of Agellius—to the south-west gate!”</span> A +sudden yell burst forth from the vast multitude when +the voice ceased. The impulse had been given as +at the first; the tide of human beings ebbed and +retreated, and, licking the base of the hill, rushed +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page198">[pg 198]</span><a name="Pg198" id="Pg198" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>vehemently on one side, and roared like a torrent +towards the south-west. Juba, thy prophecy is soon +to be fulfilled! The locusts will bring more harm +on thy brother’s home than imperial edict or local +magistrate. The decline of day will hardly prevent +the visitation. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page199">[pg 199]</span><a name="Pg199" id="Pg199" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc35" id="toc35"></a><a name="pdf36" id="pdf36"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XVIII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">AGELLIUS FLITS.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +A change had passed over the fair face of Nature, +as seen from the cottage of Agellius, since that evening +on which our story opened; and it is so painful to +contemplate waste, decay, and disappointment, that +we mean to say little about it. There was the same +cloudless sky as then; and the sun travelled in its +silent and certain course, with even a more intense +desire than then to ripen grain and fruit for the use +of man; but its occupation was gone, for fruit and +grain were not, nor man to collect and to enjoy them. +A dark broad shadow passed across the beautiful +prospect and disfigured it. When you looked more +closely, it was as if a fire had burned up the whole +surface included under that shadow, and had stripped +the earth of its clothing. Nothing had escaped; not +a head of khennah, not a rose or carnation, not an +orange or an orange blossom, not a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">boccone</span></span>, not a +cluster of unripe grapes, not a berry of the olive, not +a blade of grass. Gardens, meadows, vineyards, +orchards, copses, instead of rejoicing in the rich +variety of hue which lately was their characteristic, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page200">[pg 200]</span><a name="Pg200" id="Pg200" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>were now reduced to one dreary cinder-colour. The +smoke of fires was actually rising from many points, +where the spoilt and poisonous vegetation was burning +in heaps, or the countless corpses of the invading +foe, or of the cattle, or of the human beings whom the +pestilence had carried off. The most furious inroad of +savage hordes, of Vandals, or of Saracens, who were +destined at successive eras to come and waste that +country, could not have spread such thorough desolation. +The slaves of the farm of Varius were sorrowfully +turning to a new employment, that of clearing +away the wreck and disappointment of the bright +spring from flower-bed, vineyard, and field. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was on the forenoon of the eventful day whose +course we have been tracing in the preceding Chapters, +that a sharp-looking boy presented himself to Agellius, +who was directing his labourers in their work. <span class="tei tei-q">“I am +come from Jucundus,”</span> he said; <span class="tei tei-q">“he has instant need +of you. You are to go with me, and by my way; and +this is the proof I tell you truth. He sends you this +note, and wishes you in a bad time the best gifts of +Bacchus and Ceres.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius took the tablets, and went with them across +the road to the place where Cæcilius was at work, in +appearance a slave. The letter ran thus:—<span class="tei tei-q">“Jucundus +to Agellius. I trust you are well enough to move; +you are not safe for many days in your cottage; +there is a rising this morning against the Christians, +and you may be visited. Unless you are ambitious +of Styx and Tartarus, follow the boy without +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page201">[pg 201]</span><a name="Pg201" id="Pg201" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>questioning.”</span> Agellius showed the letter to the +priest. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“We are no longer safe here, my father,”</span> he said; +<span class="tei tei-q">“whither shall we go? Let us go together. Can you +take me to <a name="corr201" id="corr201" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">Carthage?</span>”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Carthage is quite as dangerous,”</span> answered Cæcilius, +<span class="tei tei-q">“and Sicca is more central. We can but leap +into the sea at Carthage; here there are many lines +to retreat upon. I am known there, I am not known +here. Here, too, I hear all that goes on through the +proconsulate and Numidia.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“But what can we do?”</span> asked Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“here +we cannot remain, and you at least cannot venture +into the city. Somewhither we must go, and where +is that?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The priest thought. <span class="tei tei-q">“We must separate,”</span> he said. +The tears came into Agellius’s eyes. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Though I am a stranger,”</span> continued Cæcilius, <span class="tei tei-q">“I +know more of the neighbourhood of Sicca than you +who are a native. There is a famous Christian +retreat on the north of the city, and by this time, I +doubt not, or rather I know, it is full of refugees. +The fury of the enemy is extending on all hands, +and our brethren, from as far as Cirtha round to +Curubis, are falling back upon it. The only difficulty +is how to get round to it without going through Sicca.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Let us go together,”</span> said Agellius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cæcilius showed signs of perplexity, and his mind +retired into itself. He seemed for the moment to be +simply absent from the scene about him, but soon +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page202">[pg 202]</span><a name="Pg202" id="Pg202" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>his intelligence returned. <span class="tei tei-q">“No,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“we must +separate,—for the time; it will not be for long. +That is, I suppose, your uncle will take good care of +you, and he has influence. We are safest just now +when most independent of each other. It is only for +a while. We shall meet again soon; I tell you so. +Did we keep together just now, it would be the +worse for each of us. You go with the boy; I will go +off to the place I mentioned.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O my father,”</span> said the youth, <span class="tei tei-q">“how will you get +there? What shall I suffer from my fears about +you?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Fear not,”</span> answered Cæcilius, <span class="tei tei-q">“mind, I tell you +so. It will be a trying time, but my hour is not yet +come. I am good for years yet; so are you, for +many more than mine. He will protect and rescue +me, though I know not how. Go, leave me to myself, +Agellius!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O my father, my only stay upon earth, whom God +sent me in my extreme need, to whom I owe myself, +must I then quit you; must a layman desert a +priest; the young the old?... Ah! it is I really, not +you, who am without protection. Angels surround +you, father; but I am a poor wanderer. Give me +your blessing that evil may not touch me. I go.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Do not kneel,”</span> said the priest; <span class="tei tei-q">“they will see +you. Stop, I have got to tell you how and where to +find me.”</span> He then proceeded to give him the +necessary instructions. <span class="tei tei-q">“Walk out,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“along +the road to Thibursicumbur to the third milestone, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page203">[pg 203]</span><a name="Pg203" id="Pg203" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>you will come to a country road; pursue it; walk +a thousand steps; then again for the space of seven +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">paternosters</span></span>; and then speak to the man upon your +right hand. And now away with you, God speed +you, we shall not long be parted,”</span> and he made the +sign of the cross over him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That old chap gives himself airs,”</span> said the boy, +when Agellius joined him; <span class="tei tei-q">“what may he be? one +of your slaves, Agellius?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You’re a pert boy,”</span> answered he, <span class="tei tei-q">“for asking me +the question.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“They say the Christians brought the locusts,”</span> said +Firmian, <span class="tei tei-q">“by their enchantments; and there’s a jolly +row beginning in the Forum just now. The report +goes that you are a Christian.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That’s because your people have nothing better to +do than talk against their neighbours.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Because you are so soft, rather,”</span> said the boy. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Another man would have knocked me down for +saying it; but you are lackadaisical folk, who bear +insults tamely. Arnobius says your father was a +Christian.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Father and son are not always the same religion +now-a-days,”</span> said Agellius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ay, ay,”</span> answered Firmian, <span class="tei tei-q">“but the Christians +came from Egypt: and as cook there is the son of +cook, and soldier is son of soldier, so Christian, take +my word for it, is the son of a Christian.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Christians boast, I believe,”</span> answered Agellius, +<span class="tei tei-q">“that they are of no one race or country, but are +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page204">[pg 204]</span><a name="Pg204" id="Pg204" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>members of a large unpatriotic family, whose home is +in the sky.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Christians,”</span> answered the boy, <span class="tei tei-q">“would never have +framed the great Roman empire; that was the work +of heroes. Great Cæsar, Marius, Marcus Brutus, +Camillus, Cicero, Sylla, Lucullus, Scipio, could never +have been Christians. Arnobius says they are a +skulking set of fellows.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I suppose you wish to be a hero,”</span> said Agellius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am to be a pleader,”</span> answered Firmian; <span class="tei tei-q">“I +should like to be a great orator like Cicero, and +every one listening to me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +They were walking along the top of a mud wall, +which separated Varius’s farm from his neighbour’s, +when suddenly Firmian, who led the way, leapt +down into a copse, which reached as far as the +ravine in which the knoll terminated towards Sicca. +The boy still went forward by devious paths, till +they had mounted as high as the city wall. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You are bringing me where there is no entrance,”</span> +said Agellius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The boy laughed. <span class="tei tei-q">“Jucundus told me to bring you +by a blind way,”</span> he said. <span class="tei tei-q">“You know best why. +This is one of our ways in and out.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +There was an aperture in the wall, and the bricks +and stones about it were loose, and admitted of removal. +It was such a private way of passage as +schoolboys know of. On getting through, Agellius +found himself in a neglected garden or small close. +Everything was silent about them, as if the +inhabi<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page205">[pg 205]</span><a name="Pg205" id="Pg205" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>tants were away; there was a great noise in the +distance, as if something unusual were going on in +the heart of the town. The boy told him to follow +him as fast as he could without exciting remark; +and, leading him by lanes and alleys unknown to +Agellius, at last brought him close upon the scene +of riot. At this time the expedition in search of +Christians had just commenced; to cross the Forum +was to shorten his journey, and perhaps was safer +than to risk meeting the mob in the streets. Firmian +took the step; and while their attention was directed +elsewhere, brought Agellius safely through it. They +then proceeded cautiously as before, till they stood +before the back door of the house of Jucundus. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Say a good word for me to your uncle,”</span> said the +boy, <span class="tei tei-q">“I have done my job. He must remember me +handsomely at the Augustalia,”</span> and he ran away. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-tb"> </div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Meanwhile Cæcilius had been anxiously considering +the course which it was safest for him to pursue. +He must move, but he must wait till dusk, when the +ways were clear, and the light uncertain. Till then +he must keep close in-doors. There was a remarkable +cavern in the mountains above Sicca, which +had been used as a place of refuge for Christians +from the very time they had first suffered persecution +in Roman Africa. No spot in its whole territory +seemed more fit for what is called a base of operations, +from which the soldiers of the Cross might +advance, or to which they might retire, according as +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page206">[pg 206]</span><a name="Pg206" id="Pg206" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the fury of their enemy grew or diminished. While +it was in the midst of a wilderness difficult of access, +and feared as the resort of ghosts and evil influences, +it was not far from a city near to which the high +roads met from Hippo and from Carthage. A +branch of the Bagradas, navigable for boats, opened +a way from it through the woods, where flight and +concealment were easy on a surprise, as far as +Madaura, Vacca, and other places; at the same time +it commanded the vast plain on the south which +extended to the roots of the Atlas. Just now, the +persecution growing, many deacons, other ecclesiastics, +and prominent laymen from all parts of the +country had fallen back upon this cavern or grotto; +and in no place could Cæcilius have better means +than here of learning the general state of affairs, and +of communicating with countries beyond the seas. +He was indeed on his way thither, when the illness +of Agellius made it a duty for him to stop and restore +him, and attend to his spiritual needs; and he had +received an inward intimation, on which he implicitly +relied, to do so. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The problem at this moment was how to reach the +refuge in question. His direct road lay through +Sicca; this being impracticable at present, he had to +descend into the ravine which lay between him and +the city, and, turning to the left, to traverse the broad +plain, the Campus Martius of Sicca, into which it +opened. Here the mountain would rise abruptly on +his right with those steep cliffs which we have already +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page207">[pg 207]</span><a name="Pg207" id="Pg207" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>described as rounding the north side of Sicca. He +must traverse many miles before he could reach the +point at which the rock lost its precipitous character, +and changed into a declivity allowing the traveller to +ascend. It was a bold undertaking; for all this he +had to accomplish in the dark before the morning +broke, a stranger too to the locality, and directing +his movements only by the information of others, +which, however accurate and distinct, could scarcely +be followed, even if without risk of error, at least +without misgiving. However, could he master this +point before the morning he was comparatively safe; +he then had to strike into the solitary mountains, +and to retrace his steps for a while towards Sicca +along the road, till he came to a place where he +knew that Christian scouts or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">videttes</span></span> (as they may be +called) were always stationed. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +This being his plan, and there being no way of +mending it, our confessor retired into the cottage, +and devoted the intervening hours to intercourse with +that world from which his succour must come. He +set himself to intercede for the Holy Catholic Church +throughout the world, now for the most part under +persecution, and for the Roman Empire, not yet holy, +which was the instrument of the evil powers against +her. He had to pray for the proconsulate, for Numidia, +Mauretania, and the whole of Africa; for the +Christian communities <a name="corr207" id="corr207" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">throughout</span> it, for the cessation +of the trial then present, and for the fortitude and +perseverance of all who were tried. He had to pray +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page208">[pg 208]</span><a name="Pg208" id="Pg208" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>for his own personal friends, his penitents, converts, +enemies; for children, catechumens, neophytes; for +those who were approaching the Church, for those who +had fallen away, or were falling away from her; for all +heretics, for all troublers of unity, that they might be +reclaimed. He had to confess, bewail and deprecate +the many sins and offences which he knew of, foreboded, +or saw in prospect as to come. Scarcely had +he entered on his charge at Carthage four years before, +when he had had to denounce one portentous scandal +in which a sacred order of the ministry was implicated. +What internal laxity did not that scandal imply! +And then again what a low standard of religion, what +niggardly faith, and what worn-out, used-up sanctity +in the community at large, was revealed in the fact of +those frequent apostasies of individuals which then +were occurring! He prayed fervently that both from +the bright pattern of martyrs, and from the warning +afforded by the lapsed, the Christian body might be +edified and invigorated. He saw with great anxiety +two schisms in prospect, when the persecution should +come to an end, one from the perverseness of those +who were too rigid, the other from those who were +too indulgent towards the fallen; and in proportion +to his gift of prescience was the earnestness of his +intercession that the wounds of the Church might be +healed with the least possible delay. He then turned +to the thought of his own correspondence then in progress +with the Holy Roman Church, which had lately lost +its bishop by martyrdom. This indeed was no unusual +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page209">[pg 209]</span><a name="Pg209" id="Pg209" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>event with the see of Peter, in which the successors +of Peter followed Peter’s steps, as Peter had been +bidden to follow the King and Exemplar of Martyrs. +But the special trouble was, that months had +passed, full five, since the vacancy occurred, and it +had not yet been supplied. Then he thought of +Fabian, who made the vacancy, and who had already +passed through that trial which was to bring to so +many Christians life or condemnation, and he commended +himself to his prayers against the hour of his +own combat. He thought of Fabian’s work, and went +on to intercede for the remnant of the seven apostles +whom that Pope had sent into Gaul, and some of whom +had already obtained the martyr’s crown. He prayed +that the day might come, when not the cities only of +that fair country, but its rich champaigns and sunny +slopes should hear the voice of the missionary. He +prayed in like manner for Britain, that the successful +work of another Pope, St. Eleutherius, might be +extended even to its four seas. And then he prayed +for the neighbouring island on the west, still in heathen +darkness, and for the endless expanse of Germany on +the east, that there too the one saving name and +glorious Faith might be known and accepted. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +His thoughts then travelled back to Rome and Italy, +and to the martyrdoms which had followed that of +St. Fabian. Two Persians had already suffered in the +imperial city; Maximus had lost his life, and Felix +had been imprisoned, at Nola. Asia Minor, Syria, +and Egypt had already afforded victims to the +perse<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page210">[pg 210]</span><a name="Pg210" id="Pg210" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>cution, and cried aloud to all Christians for their most +earnest prayers and for repeated Masses in behalf of +those who remained under the trial. Babylas, Bishop +of Antioch, the third see in Christendom, was already +martyred in that city. Here again Cæcilius had a +strong call on him for intercession, for a subtle form of +freethinking was there manifesting itself, the issue of +which was as uncertain as it might be frightful. The +Bishop of Alexandria, that second of the large divisions +or patriarchates of the Church, the great Dionysius, +the pupil of Origen, was an exile from his see, +like himself. The messenger who brought this news +to Carthage had heard at Alexandria a report from +Neocæsarea, that Gregory, another pupil of Origen’s, +the Apostle of Pontus, had also been obliged to conceal +himself from the persecution. As for Origen himself, +the aged, laborious, gifted, zealous teacher of his +time, he was just then engaged in answering the works +of an Epicurean called Celsus, and on him too the persecution +was likely to fall; and Cæcilius prayed earnestly +that so great a soul might be kept from such +high untrue speculations as were threatening evil at +Antioch, and from every deceit and snare which might +endanger his inheriting that bright crown which ought +to be his portion in heaven. Another remarkable +report had come, viz., that some young men of Egypt +had retired to the deserts up the country under the +stress of the persecution,—Paul was the name of one +of them,—and that they were there living in the practice +of mortification and prayer so singular, and had +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page211">[pg 211]</span><a name="Pg211" id="Pg211" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>combats with the powers of darkness and visitations +from above so special, as to open quite a new era in +the spiritual history of the Church. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +And then his thoughts came back to his poor Agellius, +and all those hundred private matters of anxiety +which the foes of the Church, occupied only with her +external aspect, little suspected. For Agellius, he +prayed, and for his; for the strange wayward Juba, +for Jucundus, for Callista; ah! that Callista might +be brought on to that glorious consummation, for +which she seemed marked out! But the ways of the +Most High are not as our ways, and those who to us +seem nearest are often furthest from Him; and so +our holy priest left the whole matter in the hands of +Him to whom he prayed, satisfied that he had done +his part in praying. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +This was the course of thought which occupied +him for many hours, after (as we have said) he had +closed the door upon him, and knelt down before the +cross. Not merely before the symbol of redemption +did he kneel; for he opened his tunic at the neck, +and drew thence a small golden pyx which was there +suspended. In that carefully fastened case he possessed +the Holiest, his Lord and his God. That +Everlasting Presence was his stay and guide amid his +weary wanderings, his joy and consolation amid his +overpowering anxieties. Behold the secret of his sweet +serenity, and his clear unclouded determination. He +had placed it upon the small table at which he knelt, +and was soon absorbed in meditation and intercession. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page212">[pg 212]</span><a name="Pg212" id="Pg212" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc37" id="toc37"></a><a name="pdf38" id="pdf38"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XIX.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">A PASSAGE OF ARMS.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +How many hours passed while Cæcilius was thus +employed, he did not know. The sun was declining +when he was roused by a noise at the door. He +hastily restored the sacred treasure to its hiding-place +in his breast, and rose up from his knees. The door +was thrown back, and a female form presented itself +at the opening. She looked in at the priest, and said, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Then Agellius is not here?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The woman was young, tall, and graceful in person. +She was clad in a yellow cotton tunic, reaching to +her feet, on which were shoes. The clasps at her +shoulders, partly visible under the short cloak or +shawl which was thrown over them, and which might, +if necessary, be drawn over her head, seemed to serve +the purpose, not only of fastening her dress, but of +providing her with sharp prongs or minute stilettos for +her defence, in case she fell in with ruffians by the +way; and though the expression of her face was most +feminine, there was that about it which implied she +could use them for that purpose on an emergency. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page213">[pg 213]</span><a name="Pg213" id="Pg213" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>That face was clear in complexion, regular in outline, +and at the present time pale, whatever might be its +ordinary tint. Its charm was a noble and majestic +calm. There is the calm of divine peace and joy; +there is the calm of heartlessness; there is the calm +of reckless desperation; there is the calm of death. +None of these was the calm which breathed from the +features of the stranger who intruded upon the solitude +of Cæcilius. It was the calm of Greek sculpture; +it imaged a soul nourished upon the visions of +genius, and subdued and attuned by the power of a +strong will. There was no appearance of timidity in +her manner; very little of modesty. The evening sun +gleamed across her amber robe, and lit it up till it +glowed like fire, as if she were invested in the marriage +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">flammeum</span></span>, and was to be claimed that evening +as the bride of her own bright god of day. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She looked at Cæcilius, first with surprise, then +with anxiety; and her words were, <span class="tei tei-q">“You, I fear, are +of his people. If so, make the most of these hours. +The foe may be on you to-morrow morning. Fly while +you can.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“If I am a Christian,”</span> answered Cæcilius, <span class="tei tei-q">“what +are you who are so careful of us? Have you come all +the way from Sicca to give the alarm to mere atheists +and magic-mongers?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Stranger,”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“if you had seen what I have +seen, what I have heard of to-day, you would not +wonder at my wish to save from a like fate the vilest +being on earth. A hideous mob is rioting in the city, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page214">[pg 214]</span><a name="Pg214" id="Pg214" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>thirsting for the blood of Christians; an accident may +turn it in the direction of Agellius. He is gone; +where is he? Murderous outrages have already been +perpetrated; you remain.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“She who is so tender of Christians,”</span> answered the +priest, <span class="tei tei-q">“must herself have some sparks of the Christian +flame in her own breast.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista sat down half unconsciously upon the +bench or stool near the door; but she at once suddenly +started up again, and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Away, fly! perhaps +they are coming; where is he?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Fear not,”</span> said Cæcilius; <span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius has been +conveyed away to a safe hiding-place; for me, I shall +be taken care of; there is no need for hurry; sit down +again. But you,”</span> he continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“you must not be +found here.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“They know <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">me</span></span>,”</span> she said; <span class="tei tei-q">“I am well known +here. I work for the temples. I have nothing to fear. +I am no Christian;”</span> and, as if from an inexplicable +overruling influence, she sat down again. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Not a Christian yet, you mean,”</span> answered Cæcilius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“A person must be born a Christian, sir,”</span> she +replied, <span class="tei tei-q">“in order to take up the religion. It is a +very beautiful idea, as far as I have heard anything +about it; but one must suck it in with one’s mother’s +milk.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“If so, it never could have come into the world,”</span> +said the priest. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She paused for a while. <span class="tei tei-q">“It is true,”</span> she answered +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page215">[pg 215]</span><a name="Pg215" id="Pg215" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>at length; <span class="tei tei-q">“but a new religion begins by appealing +to what is peculiar in the minds of a few. The doctrine, +floating on the winds, finds its own; it takes +possession of their minds; they answer its call; they +are brought together by that common influence; they +are strong in each other’s sympathy; they create and +throw around them an external form, and thus they +found a religion. The sons are brought up in their +fathers’ faith; and what was the idea of a few +becomes at length the profession of a race. Such is +Judaism; such the religion of Zoroaster, or of the +Egyptians.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You will find,”</span> said the priest, <span class="tei tei-q">“that the greater +number of African Christians at this moment, for of +them I speak confidently, are converts in manhood, +not the sons of Christians. On the other hand, if +there be those who have left the faith, and gone up +to the capitol to sacrifice, these were Christians by +hereditary profession. Such is my experience, and I +think the case is the same elsewhere.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She seemed to be speaking more for the sake of +getting answers than of objecting arguments. She +paused again, and thought; then she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Mankind +is made up of classes of very various mental complexion, +as distinct from each other as the colours +which meet the eye. Red and blue are incommensurable; +and in like manner, a Magian never can +become a Greek, nor a Greek a Cœlicolist. They +do but make themselves fools when they attempt +it.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page216">[pg 216]</span><a name="Pg216" id="Pg216" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Perhaps the most deeply convinced, the most +tranquil-minded in the Christian body,”</span> answered +Cæcilius, <span class="tei tei-q">“will tell you, on the contrary, that there +was a time when they hated Christianity, and despised +and ill-treated its professors.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> never did any such thing,”</span> cried Callista, <span class="tei tei-q">“since +the day I first heard of it. I am not its enemy, but +I cannot believe in it. I am sure I never could; I +never, never should be able.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What is it you cannot believe?”</span> asked the +priest. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It seems too beautiful,”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“to be anything +else than a dream. It is a thing to talk about, but +when you come near its professors you see it is impossible. +A most beautiful imagination, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></span> is what +it is. Most beautiful its precepts, as far as I have +heard of them; so beautiful, that in idea there is no +difficulty. The mind runs along with them, as if it +could accomplish them without an effort. Well, its +maxims are too beautiful to be realized; and then +on the other hand, its dogmas are too dismal, too +shocking, too odious to be believed. They revolt +me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Such as what?”</span> asked Cæcilius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Such as this,”</span> answered Callista. <span class="tei tei-q">“Nothing will +ever make me believe that all my people have gone +and will go to an eternal Tartarus.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Had we not better confine ourselves to something +more specific, more tangible?”</span> asked Cæcilius, gravely. +<span class="tei tei-q">“I suppose if one individual may have that terrible +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page217">[pg 217]</span><a name="Pg217" id="Pg217" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +lot, another may—both may, many may. Suppose I +understand you to say that you never will believe +that <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span> will go to an eternal Tartarus.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista gave a slight start, and showed some uneasiness +or displeasure. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Is it not likely,”</span> continued he, <span class="tei tei-q">“that you are +better able to speak of yourself, and to form a judgment +about yourself, than about others? Perhaps if +you could first speak confidently about yourself, you +would be in a better position to speak about others +also.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Do you mean,”</span> she said, in a calm tone, <span class="tei tei-q">“that my +place, after this life, is an everlasting Tartarus?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Are you happy?”</span> he asked in turn. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She paused, looked down, and in a deep clear voice +said, <span class="tei tei-q">“No.”</span> There was a silence. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The priest began again: <span class="tei tei-q">“Perhaps you have been +growing in unhappiness for years; is it so? you +assent. You have a heavy burden at your heart, you +don’t well know what. And the chance is, that you +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">will</span></span> grow in unhappiness for the next ten years to +come. You will be more and more unhappy the +longer you live. Did you live till you were an old +woman, you would not know how to bear your existence.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista cried out as if in bodily pain, <span class="tei tei-q">“It is true, +sir, whoever told you. But how can you have the +heart to say it, to insult and mock me!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“God forbid!”</span> exclaimed Cæcilius, <span class="tei tei-q">“but let me go +on. Listen, my child. Be brave, and dare to look at +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page218">[pg 218]</span><a name="Pg218" id="Pg218" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>things as they are. Every day adds to your burden. +This is a law of your present being, somewhat more +certain than the assertion which you just now so confidently +made, the impossibility of your believing in +that law. You cannot refuse to accept what is not an +opinion, but a fact. I say this burden which I speak +of is not simply a dogma of our creed, it is an +undeniable fact of nature. You cannot change it by +wishing; if you were to live on earth two hundred +years, it would not be reversed, it would be more and +more true. At the end of two hundred years you +would be too miserable even for your worst enemy to +rejoice in it.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cæcilius spoke, as if half in soliloquy or meditation, +though he was looking towards Callista. The contrast +between them was singular: he thus abstracted; +she too, utterly forgetful of self, but absorbed in him, +and showing it by her eager eyes, her hushed breath, +her anxious attitude. At last she said impatiently, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Father, you are speaking to yourself; you despise +me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The priest looked straight at her with an open, untroubled +smile, and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Callista, do not doubt me, +my poor child; you are in my heart. I was praying +for you shortly before you appeared. No; but, +in so serious a matter as attempting to save a soul, +I like to speak to you in my Lord’s sight. I am +speaking to you, indeed I am, my child; but I am +also pleading with you on His behalf, and before His +throne.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page219">[pg 219]</span><a name="Pg219" id="Pg219" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +His voice trembled as he spoke, but he soon recovered +himself. <span class="tei tei-q">“Suffer me,”</span> he said. <span class="tei tei-q">“I was saying +that if you lived five hundred years on earth, you +would but have a heavier load on you as time went +on. But you will not live, you will die. Perhaps you +will tell me that you will then cease to be. I don’t +believe you think so. I may take for granted that +you think with me, and with the multitude of men, +that you will still live, that you will still be <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span>. You +will still be the same being, but deprived of those +outward stays and reliefs and solaces, which, such as +they are, you now enjoy. You will be yourself, shut +up in yourself. I have heard that people go mad at +length when placed in solitary confinement. If, then, +on passing hence, you are cut off from what you had +here, and have only the company of yourself, I think +your burden will be, so far, greater, not less than it is +now.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Suppose, for instance, you had still your love of +conversing, and could not converse; your love of the +poets of your race, and no means of recalling them; +your love of music, and no instrument to play upon; +your love of knowledge, and nothing to learn; your +desire of sympathy, and no one to love: would not +that be still greater misery?</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Let me proceed a step further: supposing you +were among those whom you actually did <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></span> love; +supposing you did <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></span> like them, nor their occupations, +and could not understand their aims; suppose +there be, as Christians say, one Almighty God, and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page220">[pg 220]</span><a name="Pg220" id="Pg220" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>you did not like Him, and had no taste for thinking +of Him, and no interest in what He was and what He +did; and supposing you found that there was nothing +else anywhere but He, whom you did not love and +whom you wished away: would you not be still more +wretched?</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And if this went on for ever, would you not be in +great inexpressible pain for ever?</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Assuming then, first, that the soul always needs +external objects to rest upon; next, that it has no +prospect of any such when it leaves this visible scene; +and thirdly, that the hunger and thirst, the gnawing +of the heart, where it occurs, is as keen and piercing +as a flame; it will follow there is nothing irrational in +the notion of an eternal Tartarus.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I cannot answer you, sir,”</span> said Callista, <span class="tei tei-q">“but I do +not believe the dogma on that account a whit the +more. My mind revolts from the notion. There <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">must</span></span> +be some way out of it.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“If, on the other hand,”</span> continued Cæcilius, not +noticing her interruption, <span class="tei tei-q">“if all your thoughts go +one way; if you have needs, desires, aims, aspirations, +all of which demand an Object, and imply, by their +very existence, that such an Object does exist also; +and if nothing here does satisfy them, and if there be +a message which professes to come from that Object, +of whom you already have the presentiment, and to +teach you about Him, and to bring the remedy you +crave; and if those who try that remedy say with one +voice that the remedy answers; are you not bound, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page221">[pg 221]</span><a name="Pg221" id="Pg221" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Callista, at least to look that way, to inquire into +what you hear about it, and to ask for His help, if He +be, to enable you to believe in Him?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“This is what a slave of mine used to say,”</span> cried +Callista, abruptly; <span class="tei tei-q">“... and another, Agellius, hinted +the same thing.... What is your remedy, what +your Object, what your love, O Christian teacher? +Why are you all so mysterious, so reserved in your +communications?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cæcilius was silent for a moment, and seemed at a +loss for an answer. At length he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Every man +is in that state which you confess of yourself. We +have no love for Him who alone lasts. We love +those things which do not last, but come to an end. +Things being thus, He whom we ought to love has +determined to win us back to Him. With this object +He has come into His own world, in the form of one +of us men. And in that human form He opens His +arms and woos us to return to Him, our Maker. This +is our Worship, this is our Love, Callista.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You talk as Chione,”</span> Callista answered; <span class="tei tei-q">“only +that she felt, and you teach. She could not speak +of her Master without blushing for joy.... And +Agellius, when he said one word about his Master, he +too began to blush....”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was plain that the priest could hardly command +his feelings, and they sat for a short while in silence. +Then Callista began, as if musing on what she had +heard. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“A loved One,”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“yet ideal; a passion so +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page222">[pg 222]</span><a name="Pg222" id="Pg222" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>potent, so fresh, so innocent, so absorbing, so expulsive +of other loves, so enduring, yet of One never +beheld;—mysterious! It is our own notion of the +First and only Fair, yet embodied in a substance, yet +dissolving again into a sort of imagination.... It is +beyond me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“There is but one Lover of souls,”</span> cried Cæcilius, +<span class="tei tei-q">“and He loves each one of us, as though there were +no one else to love. He died for each one of us, as +if there were no one else to die for. He died on the +shameful cross. <span class="tei tei-q">‘Amor meus crucifixus est.’</span> The +love which he inspires lasts, for it is the love of the +Unchangeable. It satisfies, for He is inexhaustible. +The nearer we draw to Him, the more triumphantly +does He enter into us; the longer He dwells in us, +the more intimately have we possession of Him. It is +an espousal for eternity. This is why it is so easy +for us to die for our faith, at which the world +marvels.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Presently he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Why will not <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span> approach +Him? why will not you leave the creature for the +Creator?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista seldom lost her self-possession; for a +moment she lost it now; tears gushed from her +eyes. <span class="tei tei-q">“Impossible!”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“what, I? you do not +know me, father!”</span> She paused, and then resumed +in a different tone, <span class="tei tei-q">“No! <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">my</span></span> lot is one way, yours +another. I am a child of Greece, and have no happiness +but that, such as it is, which my own bright +land, my own glorious race, give me. I may well be +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page223">[pg 223]</span><a name="Pg223" id="Pg223" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>content, I may well be resigned, I may well be proud, +if I possess <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">that</span></span> happiness. I must live and die +where I have been born. I am a tree which will not +bear transplanting. The Assyrians, the Jews, the +Egyptians, have their own mystical teaching. They +follow their happiness in their own way; mine is a +different one. The pride of mind, the revel of the +intellect, the voice and eyes of genius, and the fond +beating heart, I cannot do without them. I cannot +do without what you, Christian, call sin. Let me +alone; such as nature made me I will be. I cannot +change.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +This sudden revulsion of her feelings quite overcame +Cæcilius; yet, while the disappointment thrilled +through him, he felt a most strange sympathy for the +poor lost girl, and his reply was full of emotion. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Am <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> a Jew?”</span> he exclaimed; <span class="tei tei-q">“am <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> an Egyptian, +or an Assyrian? Have I from my youth believed +and possessed what now is my Life, my Hope, and +my Love? Child, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">what</span></span> was once my life? Am not +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> too a brand plucked out of the fire? Do <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> deserve +anything but evil? Is it not the Power, the Mighty +Power of the only Strong, the only Merciful, the +grace of Emmanuel, which has changed and won +me? If He can change me, an old man, could He +not change a child like you? I, a proud, stern +Roman; I, a lover of pleasure, a man of letters, +of political station, with formed habits, and life-long +associations, and complicated relations; was it <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> +who wrought this great change in me, who gained +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page224">[pg 224]</span><a name="Pg224" id="Pg224" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>for myself the power of hating what I once loved, of +unlearning what I once knew, nay, of even forgetting +what once I was? Who has made you and me to +differ, but He who can, when He will, make us to +agree? It is His same Omnipotence which will +transform <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span>, if you will but come to be transformed.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +But a reaction had come over the proud and sensitive +mind of the Greek girl. <span class="tei tei-q">“So after all, priest,”</span> she +said, <span class="tei tei-q">“you are but a man like others; a frail, guilty +person like myself. I can find plenty of persons +who do as I do; I want some one who does not; I +want some one to worship. I thought there was +something in you special and extraordinary. There +was a gentleness and tenderness mingled with your +strength which was new to me. I said, Here is at +last a god. My own gods are earthly, sensual; I +have no respect for them, no faith in them. But +there is nothing better anywhere else.... Alas!...”</span> +She started up, and said with vehemence, <span class="tei tei-q">“I +thought you sinless; you confess to crime.... Ah! +how do I know,”</span> she continued with a shudder, +<span class="tei tei-q">“that you are better than those base hypocrites, +priests of Isis or Mithras, whose lustrations, initiations, +new birth, white robes, and laurel crowns, are +but the instrument and cloak of their intense depravity?”</span> +And she felt for the clasp upon her +shoulder. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Here her speech was interrupted by a hoarse sound, +borne upon the wind as of many voices blended into +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page225">[pg 225]</span><a name="Pg225" id="Pg225" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>one and softened by the distance, but which, under +the circumstances, neither of the parties to the above +conversation had any difficulty in assigning to its real +cause. <span class="tei tei-q">“Dear father,”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“the enemy is upon +you.”</span> +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page226">[pg 226]</span><a name="Pg226" id="Pg226" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc39" id="toc39"></a><a name="pdf40" id="pdf40"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XX.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">HE SHALL NOT LOSE HIS REWARD.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +There was no room for doubt or for delay. <span class="tei tei-q">“What +is to become of you, Callista?”</span> he said; <span class="tei tei-q">“they will +tear you to pieces.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Fear nothing for me, father,”</span> she answered; <span class="tei tei-q">“I +am one of them. They know me. Alas, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> am no +Christian! <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> have not abjured their rites! but you, +lose not a moment.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“They are still at some distance,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“though +the wind gives us merciful warning of their coming.”</span> +He looked about the room, and took up the books of +Holy Scripture which were on the shelf. <span class="tei tei-q">“There is +nothing else,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“of special value here. Agellius +could not take them. Here, my child, I am going +to show you a great confidence. To few persons +not Christians would I show it. Take this blessed +parchment; it contains the earthly history of our +Divine Master. Here you will see whom we Christians +love. Read it; keep it safely; surrender it, +when you have the opportunity, into Christian keeping. +My mind tells me I am not wrong in lending it +to you.”</span> He handed to her the Gospel of St. Luke, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page227">[pg 227]</span><a name="Pg227" id="Pg227" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>while he put the two other volumes into the folds of +his own tunic. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“One word more,”</span> she said; <span class="tei tei-q">“your name, should I +want you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He took up a piece of chalk from the shelf, and +wrote upon the wall in distinct characters, +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Thascius Cæcilius Cyprianus, Bishop of Carthage.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Hardly had she read the inscription when the +voices of several men were heard in the very neighbourhood +of the cottage; and hoping to effect a +diversion in favour of Cæcilius, and being at once +unsuspicious of danger to herself, and careless of her +life, she ran quickly forward to meet them. Cæcilius +ought to have taken to flight without a moment’s +delay, but a last sacred duty detained him. He knelt +down and took the pyx from his bosom. He had +eaten nothing that day; but even if otherwise, it was +a crisis which allowed him to consume the sacred +species without fasting. He hastily opened the golden +case, adored the blessed sacrament, and consumed it, +purifying its receptacle, and restoring it to its hiding-place. +Then he rose at once and left the cottage. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He looked about; Callista was nowhere to be seen. +She was gone; so much was certain, no enemy was in +sight; it only remained for him to make off too. In +the confusion he turned in the wrong direction; instead +of making off at the back of the cottage from which +the voices had scared him, he ran across the garden +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page228">[pg 228]</span><a name="Pg228" id="Pg228" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>into the hollow way. It was all over with him in an +instant; he fell at once into the hands of the vanguard +of the mob. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Many mouths were opened upon him all at once. +<span class="tei tei-q">“The sorcerer!”</span> cried one; <span class="tei tei-q">“tear him to shreds; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">we’ll</span></span> +teach him to brew his spells against the city.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Give +us back our grapes and corn,”</span> said a second. <span class="tei tei-q">“Have +a guard,”</span> said a third; <span class="tei tei-q">“he can turn you into swine +or asses while there is breath in him,”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“Then be +the quicker with him,”</span> said a fourth, who was lifting +up a crowbar to discharge upon his head. <span class="tei tei-q">“Hold!”</span> +said a tall swarthy youth, who had already warded off +several blows from him, <span class="tei tei-q">“hold, will you? don’t you +see, if you kill him he can’t undo the spell. Make +him first reverse it all; make him take the curse off +us. Bring him along; take him to Astarte, Hercules, +or old <a name="corr228" id="corr228" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">Saturn</span>. We’ll broil him on a gridiron till he +turns all these canes into vines, and makes olive berries +of the pebbles, and turns the dust of the earth into +fine flour for our eating. When he has done all this +he shall dance a jig with a wild cow, and sit down to +supper with an hyena.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +A loud scream of exultation broke forth from the +drunken and frantic multitude. <span class="tei tei-q">“Along with him!”</span> +continued the same speaker in a jeering tone. <span class="tei tei-q">“Here, +put him on the ass and tie his hands behind his back. +He shall go back in triumph to the city which he +loves. Mind, and don’t touch him before the time. If +you kill him, you’ll never get the curse off. Come +here, you priests of Cybele,”</span> he added, <span class="tei tei-q">“and be his +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page229">[pg 229]</span><a name="Pg229" id="Pg229" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>body-guard.”</span> And he continued to keep a vigilant +eye and hand over the old man, in spite of them. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The ass, though naturally a good-tempered beast, +had been most sadly tried through the day. He had +been fed, indeed, out of mockery, as being the Christians’ +god; but he did not understand the shouts and +caprices of the crowd, and he only waited for an +opportunity to show that he by no means acquiesced in +the proceedings of the day. And now the difficulty +was to move at all. The people kept crowding up the +hollow road, and blocked the passage, and though the +greater part of the rioters had either been left behind +exhausted in Sicca itself, or had poured over the fields +on each side of Agellius’s cottage, or gone right over +the hill down into the valley beyond, yet still it was +some time before the ass could move a step, and a time +of nervous suspense it was both to Cæcilius and the +youth who befriended him. At length what remained +of the procession was persuaded to turn about and +make for Sicca, but in a reversed order. It could not +be brought round in so confined a space, so its rear +went first and the ass and its burden came last. As +they descended the hill back again, Cæcilius, who was +mounted upon the linen and silk which had adorned +the Dea Syra before the Tertullianist had destroyed +the idol, saw before him the whole line of march. In +front were flaunted the dreadful emblems of idolatry, +so far as their bearers were able still to raise them. +Drunken women, ragged boys mounted on men’s +shoulders, ruffians and bullies, savage-looking +Getu<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page230">[pg 230]</span><a name="Pg230" id="Pg230" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>lians, half-human monsters from the Atlas, monkeys +and curs jabbering and howling, mummers, bacchanals, +satyrs, and gesticulators, formed the staple of the +procession. Midway between the hill which he was +descending and the city lay the ravine, of which we +have several times spoken, widening out into the +plain or Campus Martius, which reached round to the +steep cliffs on the north. The bridle-path, along +which he was moving, crossed it just where it was +opening and became level, so as to present no abrupt +descent and ascent at the place where the path was +lowest. On the left every vestige of the ravine soon +ceased, and a free passage extended to the plain. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The youth who had placed Cæcilius on the ass +still kept close to him and sung at the pitch of his +voice, in imitation of the rest— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Sporting and snorting in shades of the night,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">His ears pricking up, and his hoofs striking light,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">And his tail whisking round, in the speed of his flight.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Old man,”</span> he continued to Cæcilius in a low +voice, and in Latin, <span class="tei tei-q">“your curse has not worked on +me yet.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“My son,”</span> answered the priest, <span class="tei tei-q">“you are granted +one day more for repentance.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Lucky for you as well as for me,”</span> was the reply: +and he continued his song:— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Gurta, the witch, was out with the rest;</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Though as lame as a gull, by his highness possessed,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">She shouldered her crutch, and danced with the </span><a name="corr230" id="corr230" class="tei tei-anchor" style="text-align: left"></a><span class="tei tei-corr" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">best.</span></span></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page231">[pg 231]</span><a name="Pg231" id="Pg231" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">She stamped and she twirled in the shade of the yew,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Till her gossips and chums of the city danced too;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">They never are slack when there’s mischief to do.</span></div> +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">She danced and she coaxed, but he was no fool;</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">He’d be his own master, he’d not be her tool:</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Not the little black moor should send him to school.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He then turned to Cæcilius and whispered, <span class="tei tei-q">“You +see, old father, that others, besides Christians, can +forgive and forget. Henceforth call me generous +Juba.”</span> And he tossed his head. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +By this time they had got to the bottom of the hill, +and the deep shadows which filled the hollow showed +that the sun was rapidly sinking in the west. Suddenly, +as they were crossing the bottom as it opened into the +plain, Juba seized and broke the thong which bound +Cæcilius’s arms, and bestowing a tremendous cut with +it upon the side of the ass, sent him forward upon the +plain at his greatest speed. The youth’s manœuvre +was successful to the full. The asses of Africa can +do more on an occasion of this kind than our own. +Cæcilius for the moment lost his seat; but, instantly +recovering it, took care to keep the animal from +flagging; and the cries of the mob, and the howlings +of the priests of Cybele cooperated in the task. At +length the gloom, increasing every minute, hid him +from their view; and even in daylight his recapture +would have been a difficult matter for a wearied-out, +famished, and intoxicated rabble. Before Cæcilius well +had time to return thanks for this unexpected turn +of events, he was out of pursuit, and was ambling +at a pace more suitable to the habits of the beast of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page232">[pg 232]</span><a name="Pg232" id="Pg232" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>burden that carried him, over an expanse of plain +which would have been a formidable night-march to a +fasting man. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-tb"> </div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +We must not conclude the day without relating +what was its issue to the persecutors, as well as to +their intended victim. It is almost a proverb that +punishment is slow in overtaking crime; but the +present instance was an exception to the rule. While +the exiled Bishop of Carthage escaped, the crowd, on +the other hand, were caught in the trap which had +been laid for them. We have already said it was a +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ruse</span></span> on the part of the governing authorities of the +place to get the rioters out of the city, that they +might at once be relieved of them, and then deal with +them just as they might think fit. When the mob +was once outside the walls, they might be refused +re-admittance, and put down with a strong hand. The +Roman garrison, who, powerless to quell the tumult +in the narrow and winding streets and multiplied +alleys of the city, had been the authors of the +manœuvre, now took on themselves the stern completion +of it, and determined to do so in the sternest +way. Not a single head of all those who poured out +in the afternoon should return at night. It was not +to be supposed that the soldiers had any tenderness +for the Christians, but they abominated and despised +the rabble of the town. They were indignant at +their rising, thought it a personal insult to themselves, +and resolved they should never do so <a name="corr232" id="corr232" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">again.</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page233">[pg 233]</span><a name="Pg233" id="Pg233" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>The gates were commonly in the custody of the city +guard, but the Porta Septimiana, by which the mob +passed out, was on this occasion claimed by the +Romans. It was most suitably circumstanced for the +use they intended to make of it. Immediately outside +of it was a large court of the same level as the ground +inside, bordered on the right and left by substantial +walls, which after a time were drawn to meet each +other, and contracted the space to the usual breadth +of a road. The walls continued to run along this +road for some distance, till they joined the way which +led to the Campus Martius, and from this point the +ground was open till it reached the head of the +ravine. The soldiers drew up at the gate, and as +the worn-out and disappointed, brutalized and half-idiotic +multitudes returned towards it from the +country, those who were behind pushed on between +the border walls those who were in front, and, while +they jammed together their ranks, also made escape +impossible. It was now that the Roman soldiers +began their barbarous, not to say cowardly, assault +upon them. With heavy maces, with the pike, with +iron gauntlets, with stones and bricks, with clubs, +with scourge, with the sword, with the helmet, +with whatever came to hand, they commenced +the massacre of that large concourse of human +beings, who did not offer one blow in return. They +slaughtered them like sheep; they trampled them +down; they threw the bodies of the wounded over the +walls. Attempting to run back, numbers of the poor +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page234">[pg 234]</span><a name="Pg234" id="Pg234" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>wretches came into conflict with the ranks behind +them, and an additional scene of confusion and overthrow +took place; many of them straggled over to +the open country or woods, and perished, either from +the weather, or from hunger, or even from the wild +beasts. Others, weakened by excess and famine, +fell a prey to the pestilence that was raging. After +some days a remnant of them was allowed silently +and timidly to steal back into the city as best they +could. It was a long day before the Plebs Siccensis +ventured to have any opinion of its own upon the +subject of Christianity, or any other political, social, or +ecclesiastical topic whatever. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page235">[pg 235]</span><a name="Pg235" id="Pg235" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc41" id="toc41"></a><a name="pdf42" id="pdf42"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXI.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">STARTLING RUMOURS.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +When Jucundus rose next morning, and heard the +news, he considered it to be more satisfactory than +he could have supposed possible. He was a zealous +imperialist, and a lover of tranquillity, a despiser of +the natives and a hater of the Christians. The Christians +had suffered enough to vindicate the Roman +name, to deter those who were playing at Christianity, +and to show that the people of Sicca had their eyes +about them. And the mob had received a severe +lesson too; and the cause of public order had +triumphed, and civic peace was re-established. His +anxiety, too, about Agellius had terminated, or was +terminating. He had privately denounced him to the +government, come to an understanding with the military +authorities, and obtained the custody of him. +He had met him at the very door to which the boy +Firmian brought him, with an apparitor of the military +staff (or what answered to it), and had clapped +him into prison in an underground cellar in which he +kept damaged images, and those which had gone out +of fashion, and were otherwise unsaleable. He was +not at all sorry, by some suffering, and by some +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page236">[pg 236]</span><a name="Pg236" id="Pg236" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>fright, to aid the more potent incantation which +Callista was singing in his ears. He did not, however, +at all forget Juba’s hint, and was careful not to +overdo the rack-and-gridiron dodge, if we may so +designate it; yet he thought just a flavour or a +thought of the inconveniences which the profession +of Christianity involved might be a salutary +reflection in the midst of the persuasives which the +voice and eyes of Callista would kindle in his heart. +There was nothing glorious or heroic in being confined +in a lumber cellar, no one knowing anything +about it; and he did not mean to keep him there for +ever. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +As the next day wore on towards evening, rumour +brought a piece of news which he was at first utterly +unable to credit, and which for the moment seemed +likely to spoil the appetite which promised so well for +his evening repast. He could hardly believe his ears +when he was told that Callista was in arrest on a +charge of Christianity, and at first it made him look +as black as some of those Egyptian gods which he +had on one shelf of his shop. However, he rallied, and +was very much amused at the report. The imprisonment +indeed was a fact, account for it as one could; +but who <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">could</span></span> account for it? <span class="tei tei-q">“Varium et mutabile:”</span> +who could answer for the whims and fancies of +womankind? If she had fallen in love with the owl +of Minerva, or cut off her auburn tresses, or turned +rope-dancer, there might have been some shrugging +of shoulders, but no one would have tried to analyze +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page237">[pg 237]</span><a name="Pg237" id="Pg237" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the motive; but so much his profound sagacity +enabled him to see, that, if there was one thing more +than another likely to sicken Agellius of Christianity, +it was to find one who was so precious to him suffering +from the suspicion of it. It was bad enough to +have suffered one’s self in such a cause; still he could +conceive, he was large-minded enough to grant, that +Agellius might have some secret satisfaction in the +antagonist feeling of resentment and obstinacy which +that suffering might engender: but it was carrying +matters too far, and no comfort in any point of view, +to find Callista, his beloved, the object of a similar +punishment. It was all very well to profess Christianity +as a matter of sentiment, mystery, and singularity; +but when it was found to compromise the life +or limbs of another, and that other Callista, why it +was plain that Agellius would be the very first to try +and entreat the wayward girl to keep her good looks +for him, and to be loyal to the gods of her country; +and he chuckled over the thought, as others have +done in other states of society, of a love-scene or +a marriage being the termination of so much high +romance and fine acting. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +However, the next day Aristo came down to him +himself, and gave him an account at once more authentic +and more extended on the matter which interested +him. Callista had been called up before the +tribunal, and had not been discharged, but remanded. +The meaning of it was as obscure as ever; Aristo +could give no account of it; it almost led him to +be<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page238">[pg 238]</span><a name="Pg238" id="Pg238" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>lieve in the evil eye; some unholy practices, some +spells such as only potent wizards know, some deplorable +delusion or hallucination, had for the time got +the mastery of his sister’s mind. No one seemed +quite to know how she had found her way into the +hands of the officers; but there she was, and the +problem was how to get her out of them. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +However, whatever mystery, whatever anxiety, +attached to the case, it was only still more urgent to +bring the matter home to Agellius without delay. +If time went on before the parties were brought +together, she might grow more obstinate, and kindle +a like spirit in him. Oh that boys and girls <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">would</span></span> +be giving old people, who wish them well, so much +trouble! However, it was no good thinking of that +just then. He considered that, at the present +moment, they would not be able to bear the sight of +each other in suffering and peril; that mutual tenderness +would make them plead with each other in each +other’s behalf, and that each would be obliged to set +the example to each of a concession, to which each +exhorted each; and on this fine philosophical view he +proceeded to act. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page239">[pg 239]</span><a name="Pg239" id="Pg239" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc43" id="toc43"></a><a name="pdf44" id="pdf44"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">JUCUNDUS PROPOUNDS HIS VIEW OF THE SITUATION.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +For thirty-six hours Agellius had been confined +in his underground receptacle, light being almost +excluded, a bench and a rug being his means of +repose, and a full measure of bread, wine, and olives +being his dole. The shrieks and yells of the rioters +could be distinctly heard in his prison, as the day of +his seizure went on, and they passed by the temple of +Astarte; but what happened at his farm, and how it +fared with Cæcilius, he had no means of conjecturing; +nor indeed how it was to fare with himself, for <a name="corr239" id="corr239" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">on</span> the +face of the transaction, as was in form the fact, he +was in the hands of the law, and only indulged with +the house of a relative for his prison. On the second +night he was released by his uncle’s confidential +slave, who brought him up to a small back closet on +the ground floor, which was lighted from the roof, +and next morning, being the second day after the riot, +Jucundus came in to have his confidential conversation +with him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +His uncle began by telling him that he was a +government prisoner, but that he hoped by his influence +in high places to get him off and out of +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page240">[pg 240]</span><a name="Pg240" id="Pg240" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Sicca without any prejudice to his honour. He told +him that <a name="corr240" id="corr240" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">he</span> had managed it privately, and if he +had treated him with apparent harshness up to the +evening before, it was in order to save appearances +with the apparitors who had attended him. He +then went on to inform him that the mob had +visited his cottage, and had caught some man there; +he supposed some accomplice or ally of his nephew’s. +They had seized him, and were bringing him off, but +the fellow had been clever enough to effect his escape. +He did not know more than this, but it had happened +very fortunately, for the general belief in the place +was, that it was Agellius who had been taken, and +who had managed to give them the slip. Since it +could not any longer be safely denied that he was a +Christian, though he (Jucundus) did not think so himself, +he had encouraged or rather had given his confirmation +to the report; and when some persons who +had means of knowing had asserted that the culprit +was double the age of his nephew and more, and not at +all of his make or description, but a sort of slave, or +rather that he was the slave of Agellius who had +belonged to his father Strabo, Jucundus had boldly +asserted that Agellius, in the emergency, had +availed himself of some of the remarkably powerful +charms which Christians were known to possess, +and had made himself seem what he really was not, +in order to escape detection. It had not indeed +answered the purpose entirely, for he had actually +been taken; but no blame in the charm, which +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page241">[pg 241]</span><a name="Pg241" id="Pg241" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>perhaps, after all, had enabled him to escape. However, +Agellius was gone, he told people, and a good +riddance, and he hoped never to see him again. <span class="tei tei-q">“But +you see, my dear boy,”</span> he concluded, <span class="tei tei-q">“this was all +talk for the occasion, for I hope you will live here +many years in respectability and credit. I intend you +should close my eyes when my time comes, and +inherit whatever I have to leave you; for as to that +fellow Juba, he inspires me with no confidence in him +at all.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius thanked his uncle with all his heart for +his kind and successful efforts on his behalf; he did +not think there was a word he had said, in the future +he had sketched for him, which he could have wished +altered. But he thought Jucundus over-sanguine; +much as he should like to live with him and tend him +in his old age, he did not think he should ever be +permitted to return to Sicca. He was a Christian, and +must seek some remote corner of the world, or at +least some city where he was unknown. Every one in +Sicca would point at him as the Christian; he would +experience a thousand rubs and collisions, even if the +mob did not rise against him, without corresponding +advantage; on the other hand, he would have no +influence. But were he in the midst of a powerful +and widely-extended community of Christians, he +might in his place do work, and might extend the +faith as one of a number, unknown himself, and strong +in his brethren. He therefore proposed as soon as +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page242">[pg 242]</span><a name="Pg242" id="Pg242" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>possible to sell his effects and stock, and retire from +the sight of men, at least for a time. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You think this persecution, then, will be soon at +an end?”</span> asked Jucundus. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I judge by the past,”</span> answered Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“there +have been times of trial and of rest hitherto, and I +suppose it will be so again. And one place has +hitherto been exempt from the violence of our +enemies, when another has been the scene of it.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“A new time is coming, trust me,”</span> said Jucundus, +gravely. <span class="tei tei-q">“Those popular commotions are all over. +What happened two days ago is a sample of what +will come of them; they have received their <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">coup-de-grâce</span></span>. +The State is taking up the matter, Rome +itself, thank the gods! a tougher sort of customer +than these villain ratcatchers and offal-eaters, whom +you had to do with two days since. Great Rome is +now at length in earnest, my boy, which she ought to +have been a long time back, before you were born; +and then you know,”</span> and he nodded, <span class="tei tei-q">“you would +have had no choice; you wouldn’t have had the temptation +to make a fool of yourself.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, then,”</span> answered Agellius, <span class="tei tei-q">“if a new time is +really coming, there is less chance than ever of my +continuing here.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Now be a sensible fellow, as you are when you +choose,”</span> said his uncle; <span class="tei tei-q">“look the matter in the face, +do. You cannot wrestle with impossibilities, you +cannot make facts to pattern. There are lawful +religions, there are illicit. Christianity is illicit; it +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page243">[pg 243]</span><a name="Pg243" id="Pg243" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>is not tolerated; that’s not your fault; you cannot +help it; you would, if you could; you can’t. Now you +have observed your point of honour; you have shown +you can stand up like a man, and suffer for your +own fancy. Still Rome does not give way; and you +must make the best of it. You must give in, and you +are far too good (I don’t compliment, I speak my mind), +far too amiable, excellent, sweet a boy for so rascally a +superstition.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“There is something stronger than Rome,”</span> said the +nephew almost sternly. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Jucundus cut him short. <span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius!”</span> he said, +<span class="tei tei-q">“you must not say that in this house. You shall not +use that language under my roof. I’ll not put up +with it, I tell you. Take your treason elsewhere.... +This accursed obstinacy!”</span> he said to himself; <span class="tei tei-q">“but +I must take care what I am doing;”</span> then aloud, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, we both of us have been railing; no good +comes of railing; railing is not argument. But now, +I say, do be sensible, if you can. Is not the imperial +government in earnest now? better late than never, +but it is now in earnest. And now mark my words, +by this day five years, five years at the utmost,—I +say by this day five years there will not be a single +ragamuffin Christian in the whole Roman world.”</span> +And he looked fierce. <span class="tei tei-q">“Ye gods! Rome, Rome has +swept from the earth by her very breath conspiracies, +confederacies, plots against her, without ever failing; +she will do so now with this contemptible, Jew-begotten +foe.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page244">[pg 244]</span><a name="Pg244" id="Pg244" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“In what are we enemies to Rome, Jucundus?”</span> +said Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“why will you always take it for +granted?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Take it for granted!”</span> answered he, <span class="tei tei-q">“is it not on +the face of the matter? I suppose <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">they</span></span> are enemies +to a state, whom the state <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">calls</span></span> its enemies. Besides, +why a pother of words? Swear by the genius of the +emperor, invoke the Dea Roma, sacrifice to Jove; no, +not a bit of it, not a whisper, not a sign, not a grain of +incense. You go out of your way to insult us; +and then you come with a grave face, and say you +are loyal. You kick our shins, and you wish us to +kiss you on both cheeks for it. A few harmless ceremonies; +we are not entrapping you; we are not +using your words against yourselves; we tell you the +meaning beforehand, the whole meaning of them. +It is not as if we tied you to the belief of the nursery: +we don’t say, <span class="tei tei-q">‘If you burn incense, you profess to +believe that old Jupiter is shivering atop of Olympus;’</span> +we don’t say, <span class="tei tei-q">‘You swear by the genius of Cæsar, +therefore he has a genius, black, or white, or piebald,’</span> +No, we give you the meaning of the act; it is a mere +expression of loyalty to the empire. If then you +won’t do it, you confess yourself <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ipso facto</span></span> disloyal. +It is incomprehensible.”</span> And he had become quite +red. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“My dear uncle,”</span> said Agellius, <span class="tei tei-q">“I give you my +solemn word, that the people whom you so detest do +pray for the welfare of the imperial power continually, +as a matter of duty and as a matter of interest.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page245">[pg 245]</span><a name="Pg245" id="Pg245" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Pray! pray! fudge and nonsense!”</span> cried Jucundus, +almost mimicking him in his indignation; <span class="tei tei-q">“pray! +who thanks you for your prayers? what’s the good of +prayers? Prayers, indeed! ha, ha! A little loyalty +is worth all the praying in the world. I’ll tell you +what, Agellius; you are, I am sorry to say it, but you +are hand and glove with a set of traitors, who shall +and will be smoked out like a nest of wasps. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">You</span></span> +don’t know; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span> are not in the secret, nor the +wretched slave, poor beast, who was pulled to pieces +yesterday (ah! you don’t know of him) at the Flamen’s, +nor a multitude of other idiots. But, d’ye see,”</span> and +he chucked up his head significantly, <span class="tei tei-q">“there are +puppets, and there are wires. Few know what is going +on. They won’t have done (unless we put them +down; but we will) till they have toppled down the +state. But Rome will put them down. Come, be +sensible, listen to reason; now I am going to put facts +before my poor, dear, well-meaning boy. Oh that you +saw things as I do! What a trouble you are to me! +Here am I”</span>—— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“My dearest uncle, Jucundus,”</span> cried Agellius, <span class="tei tei-q">“I +assure you, it is the most intense pain to me”</span>—— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Very well, very well,”</span> interrupted the uncle in +turn, <span class="tei tei-q">“I believe it, of course I believe it; but listen, +listen. Every now and then,”</span> he continued in a more +measured and lower tone, <span class="tei tei-q">“every now and then the +secret is blabbed—blabbed. There was that Tertullianus +of Carthage, some fifty years since. He wrote +books; books have done a great deal of harm before +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page246">[pg 246]</span><a name="Pg246" id="Pg246" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>now; but <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">read</span></span> his books—read and ponder. The +fellow has the insolence to tell the proconsul that he +and the whole government, the whole city and province, +the whole Roman world, the emperors, all but +the pitiful <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">clique</span></span> to which he belongs, are destined, +after death, to flames for ever and ever. There’s +loyalty! but the absurdity is greater than the malevolence. +Rightly are the fellows called atheists and +men-haters. Our soldiers, our statesmen, our magistrates, +and judges, and senators, and the whole community, +all worshippers of the gods, every one who +crowns his head, every one who loves a joke, and all +our great historic names, heroes, and worthies,—the +Scipios, the Decii, Brutus, Cæsar, Cato, Titus, Trajan, +Antoninus,—are inmates, not of the Elysian fields, if +Elysian fields there be, but of Tartarus, and will never +find a way out of it.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That man, Tertullianus, is nothing to us, uncle,”</span> +answered Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“a man of great ability, but he +quarrelled with us, and left us.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> can’t draw nice distinctions,”</span> said Jucundus. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Your people have quarrelled among themselves +perhaps on an understanding; we can’t split hairs. +It’s the same with your present hierophant at Carthage, +Cyprianus. Nothing can exaggerate, I am told, the +foulness of his attack upon the gods of Rome, upon +Romulus, the Augurs, the Ancilia, the consuls, and +whatever a Roman is proud of. As to the imperial +city itself, there’s hardly one of their high priests that +has not died under the hands of the executioner, as a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page247">[pg 247]</span><a name="Pg247" id="Pg247" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>convict. The precious fellows take the title of Pontifex +Maximus; bless their impudence! Well, my boy, +this is what I say; be, if you will, so preternaturally +sour and morose as to misconceive and mislike the +innocent, graceful, humanising, time-honoured usages +of society; be so, for what I care, if this is all; but +it isn’t all. Such misanthropy is wisdom, absolute +wisdom, compared with the Titanic presumption +and audacity of challenging to single combat the +sovereign of the world. Go and kick down Mount +Atlas first.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You have it all your own way, Jucundus,”</span> answered +his nephew, <span class="tei tei-q">“and so you must move in your own +circle, round and round. There is no touching you, if +you first assume your premisses, and then prove them +by means of your conclusion.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“My dear Agellius,”</span> said his uncle, giving his head +a very solemn shake, <span class="tei tei-q">“take the advice of an old man. +When you are older than you are, you will see better +who is right and who is wrong. You’ll be sorry you +despised me, a true, a prudent, an experienced friend; +you will. Shake yourself, come do. Why should you +link your fortunes, in the morning of life, with desperate +men, only because your father, in his last feeble +days, was entrapped into doing so? I really will not +believe that you are going to throw away hope and +life on so bad a bargain. Can’t you speak a word? +Here you’ve let me speak, and won’t say one syllable +for yourself. I don’t think it kind of you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Thus adjured, Agellius began. <span class="tei tei-q">“Well,”</span> he said, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page248">[pg 248]</span><a name="Pg248" id="Pg248" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-q">“it’s a long history; you see, we start, my dear uncle, +from different points. How am I possibly to join issue +with you? I can only tell you my conclusion. Hope +and life, you say. Why, my only hope, my only life, +my only joy, desire, consolation, and treasure is that +I am a Christian.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Hope and life!”</span> interrupted Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“immortal +gods! life and hope in being a Christian! do I hear +aright? Why, man, a prison brings despair, not hope; +and the sword brings death, not life. By Esculapius! +life and hope! you choke me, Agellius. Life and +hope! you are beyond three Anticyras. Life and +hope! if you were old, if you were diseased, if you were +given over, and had but one puff of life left in you, then +you might be what you would, for me; but your hair +is black, your cheek is round, <a name="corr248" id="corr248" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">your</span> limbs are strong, +your voice is full; and you are going to make all +these a sacrifice to Hecate! has your good genius fed +that plump frame, ripened those goods looks, nerved +your arm, bestowed that breadth of chest, that strength +of loins, that straightness of spine, that vigour of step, +only that you may feed the crows? or to be torn on +the rack, scorched in the flame, or hung on the gibbet? +is this your gratitude to nature? What has been your +price? for what have you sold yourself? Speak, man, +speak. Are you dumb as well as dement? Are you +dumb, I say, are you dumb?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O Jucundus,”</span> cried Agellius, irritated at his own +inability to express himself or hold an argument, <span class="tei tei-q">“if +you did but know what it was to have the Truth! The +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page249">[pg 249]</span><a name="Pg249" id="Pg249" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Christian has found the Truth, the eternal Truth, in a +world of error. That is his bargain, that is his hire; +can there be a greater? Can I give up the Truth? +But all this is Punic or Barbar to you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It certainly did pose Jucundus for half a minute, +as if he was trying to take in, not so much the sense, +as the words of his nephew’s speech. He looked bewildered, +and though he began to answer him at once, +it took several sentences to bring him into his usual +flow of language. After one or two exclamations, +<span class="tei tei-q">“The truth!”</span> he cried, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">this</span></span> is what I understand you +to say,—the truth. The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">truth</span></span> is your bargain; I think +I’m right, the truth; Hm; what is truth? What in +heaven and earth do you mean by truth? where did +you get that cant? What oriental tomfoolery is bamboozling +you? The truth!”</span> he cried, staring at him +with eyes, half of triumph, half of impatience, <span class="tei tei-q">“the +truth! Jove help the boy!—the truth! can truth pour +me out a cup of melilotus? can truth crown me with +flowers? can it sing to me? can it bring Glyceris to +me? drop gold into my girdle? or cool my brows when +fever visits me? Can truth give me a handsome suburban +with some five hundred slaves, or raise me to +the duumvirate? Let it do this, and I will worship it; +it shall be my god; it shall be more to me than Fortune, +Fate, Rome, or any other goddess on the list. +But <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> like to see, and touch, and feel, and handle, and +weigh, and measure what is promised me. I wish to +have a sample and an instalment. I am too old for +chaff. Eat, drink, and be merry, that’s my philosophy, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page250">[pg 250]</span><a name="Pg250" id="Pg250" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>that’s my religion; and I know no better. To-day is +ours, to-morrow is our children’s.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +After a pause, he added, bitterly, <span class="tei tei-q">“If truth could +get Callista out of prison, instead of getting her into +it, I should have something to say to truth.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Callista in prison!”</span> cried Agellius with surprise +and distress, <span class="tei tei-q">“what do you mean, Jucundus?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, it’s a fact; Callista <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></span> in prison,”</span> answered +he, <span class="tei tei-q">“and on suspicion of Christianity.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Callista! Christianity!”</span> said Agellius, bewildered, +<span class="tei tei-q">“do I hear aright? She a Christian! oh, impossible, +uncle! you don’t mean to say that she is in prison. +Tell me, tell me, my dear, dear Jucundus, what this +wonderful news means.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You ought to know more about it than I,”</span> +answered he, <span class="tei tei-q">“if there is any meaning in it. But if +you want my opinion, here it is. I don’t believe +she is more a Christian than I am; but I think she is +over head and ears in love with you, and she has some +notion that she is paying you a compliment, or interesting +you in her, or sharing your fate—(<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> can’t +pretend to unravel the vagaries and tantarums of the +female mind)—by saying that she is what she is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></span>. +If not, perhaps she has done it out of spite and contradiction. +You can never answer for a woman.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Whom should she spite? whom contradict?”</span> cried +Agellius, thrown for the moment off his balance. <span class="tei tei-q">“O +Callista! Callista in prison for Christianity! Oh if it’s +true that she is a Christian! but what if she is not?”</span> +he added with great terror, <span class="tei tei-q">“what if she’s not, and yet +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page251">[pg 251]</span><a name="Pg251" id="Pg251" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>in prison, as if she were? How are we to get her out, +uncle? Impossible! no, she’s not a Christian—she is +not at all. She ought not to be there! Yet how +wonderful!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, I am sure of it, too,”</span> said Jucundus; <span class="tei tei-q">“I’d +stake the best image in my shop that she’s not a +Christian; but what if she is perverse enough to say +she <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></span>? and such things are not uncommon. Then, I +say, what in the world is to be done? If she says +she is, why she is. There you are; and what can +you do?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You don’t mean to say,”</span> exclaimed Agellius, <span class="tei tei-q">“that +that sweet delicate child is in that horrible hole; +impossible!”</span> and he nearly shrieked at the thought. +<span class="tei tei-q">“What is the meaning of it all? dear, dear uncle, do +tell me something more about it. Why did you not +tell me before? What <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">can</span></span> be done?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Jucundus thought he now had him in his hand. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why, it’s plain,”</span> he answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“what can be <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">done</span></span>. +She’s no Christian, we both agree. It’s certain, too, +that she chooses to say she is, or something like it. +There’s just one person who has influence with her, +to make her tell the truth.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ha!”</span> cried Agellius, starting as if an asp had +bitten him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Jucundus kept silence, and let the poison of the +said asp work awhile in his nephew’s blood. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius put his hands before his eyes; and with +his elbows on his knees, began moving to and fro, as +if in intense pain. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page252">[pg 252]</span><a name="Pg252" id="Pg252" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I repeat what I have said,”</span> Jucundus observed at +length; <span class="tei tei-q">“I do really think that she imagines a certain +young gentleman is likely to be in trouble, and that +she is determined to share the trouble with him.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“But it isn’t true,”</span> cried Agellius with great vehemence; +<span class="tei tei-q">“it’s not true.... If she really is not a Christian, +O my dear Lord, surely they won’t put her to +death as if she was?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“But if she has made up her mind to be in the +same boat with you, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">will</span></span> be a Christian while you +are a Christian, what on earth can we do, Agellius?”</span> +asked Jucundus. <span class="tei tei-q">“You have the whole matter in a +nutshell.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“She does not love me,”</span> cried Agellius; <span class="tei tei-q">“no, she +has given me no reason to think so. I am sure she +does not. She’s nothing to me. That cannot be the +reason of her conduct. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> have no power over her; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> +could not persuade her. What, what <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">does</span></span> all this +mean? and I shut up here?”</span> and he began walking +about the little room, as if such locomotion tended +to bring him out of it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well,”</span> answered Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“it is easy to ascertain. +I suppose you <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">could</span></span> be let out to see her.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +But he was going on too fast; Agellius did not +attend to him. <span class="tei tei-q">“Poor, sweet Callista,”</span> he exclaimed, +<span class="tei tei-q">“she’s innocent, she’s innocent; I mean she’s not a +Christian. Ah!”</span> he screamed out in great agony, +as the whole state of the case unrolled itself to his +apprehension, <span class="tei tei-q">“she will die though not a Christian; +she will die without faith, without love; she will die +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page253">[pg 253]</span><a name="Pg253" id="Pg253" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>in her sins. She will die, done to death by false +report of accepting that, by which alone she could +be carried safely through death unto life. O my +Lord, spare me!”</span> and he sank upon the ground in +a collapse of misery. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Jucundus was touched, and still more alarmed. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Come, come, my boy,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“you will rouse the +whole neighbourhood. Give over; be a man; all +will be right. If she’s not a Christian (and she’s +not), she shall not die a Christian’s death; something +will turn up. She’s not in any hole at all, but +in a decent lodging. And you shall see her, and +console her, and all will be right.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, I will see her,”</span> said Agellius, in a sort of +musing manner; <span class="tei tei-q">“she is either a Christian, or she is +not. If she is a Christian ...”</span> and his voice faltered; +<span class="tei tei-q">“but if she is not, she shall live till she is.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well said!”</span> answered Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">till</span></span> she is. She +shall live <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">till</span></span> she is. Yes, I can get you to see her. +You shall bring her out of prison; a smile, a whisper +from you, and all her fretfulness and ill-humour will +vanish, like a mist before the powerful burning sun. +And we shall all be as happy as the immortal gods.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O my uncle!”</span> said Agellius, gravely. The language +of Jucundus had shocked him, and brought +him to a better mind. He turned away from +Jucundus, and leant his face against the wall. Then +he turned round again, and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“If she <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></span> a Christian, +I ought to rejoice, and I do rejoice; God be +praised. If she is not a Christian, I ought at once to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page254">[pg 254]</span><a name="Pg254" id="Pg254" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>make her one. If she has already the penalty of a +Christian, she is surely destined for the privilege. +And how should I go,”</span> he said, half speaking to himself, +<span class="tei tei-q">“how should I go to tell her that she is not yet +a Christian, and bid her swear by Jupiter, because +that is her god, in order that she may escape imprisonment +and death? Am I to do the part of a +heathen priest or infidel sophist? O Cæcilius, how +am I forgetting your lessons! No; I will go on no +such errand. Go, I will, if I may, Jucundus, but I +will go on no conditions of yours. I go on no +promise to try to get her out of prison anyhow, +poor child. I will not go to make her sacrifice to a +false god; I go to persuade her to stay in prison, +by deserving to stay. Perhaps I am not the best +person to go; but if I go, I go free. I go willing to +die myself for my Lord; glad to make her die for +Him.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius said this in so determined a way, so +calmly, with such a grasp of the existing posture of +affairs, and of the whole circumstances of the case, +that it was now Jucundus’s turn to feel surprise and +annoyance. For a time he did not take in what Agellius +meant, nor could he to the last follow his train +of feeling. When he saw what may be called the +upshot of the matter, he became very angry, and +spoke with great violence. By degrees he calmed; +and then the strong feeling came on him again that +it was impossible, if a meeting took place between the +two, that it could end in any way but one. He defied +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page255">[pg 255]</span><a name="Pg255" id="Pg255" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>any two young people who loved each other, to +come to any but one conclusion. Agellius’s mood +was too excited, <a name="corr255" id="corr255" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">too</span> tragic to last. The sight of Callista +in that dreadful prison, perhaps in chains, waiting, +in order to be free, for ability to say the words, +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am not a Christian;”</span> and that ability waiting for +the same words from himself, would bring the affair +to a very speedy issue. As if he could love a fancy +better than he loved Callista! Agellius, too, had +already expressed a misgiving himself on that head; +so far they were agreed. And, to tell the truth, it +was a very difficult transaction for a young man; and +giving our poor Agellius all credit for pure intention +and firm resolve, we really should have been very +sorry to see him involved in a trial, which would have +demanded of him a most heroic faith and the detachment +of a saint. We, therefore, are not sorry that in +matter of fact he gained the merit of so virtuous a +determination, without being called on to execute it. +For it so happened, that a most unexpected event +occurred to him not many hours afterwards, which +will oblige us to take up here rather abruptly the +history of one of our other personages. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page256">[pg 256]</span><a name="Pg256" id="Pg256" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc45" id="toc45"></a><a name="pdf46" id="pdf46"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXIII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">GURTA.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +In the bosom of the woods which stretched for many +miles from the immediate environs of Sicca, and +placed on a gravel slope reaching down to a brook, +which ran in a bottom close by, was a small, rude +hut, of a kind peculiar to Africa, and commonly +ascribed to the wandering tribes, who neither cared, +nor had leisure for a more stable habitation. Some +might have called it a tent, from the goat’s-hair cloth +with which it was covered; but it looked, as to shape, +like nothing else than an inverted boat, or the roof of +a house set upon the ground. Inside it was seen to +be constructed of the branches of trees, twisted +together or wattled, the interstices, or rather the +whole surface, being covered with clay. Being thus +stoutly built, lined, and covered, it was proof against +the tremendous rains, to which the climate, for which +it was made, was subject. Along the centre ridge or +backbone, which varied <a name="corr256" id="corr256" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">in</span> height from six to ten feet +from the ground, it was supported by three posts or +pillars; at one end it rose conically to an open aperture, +which served for chimney, for sky-light, and for +ventilator. Hooks were suspended from the roof for +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page257">[pg 257]</span><a name="Pg257" id="Pg257" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>baskets, articles of clothing, weapons, and implements +of various kinds; and a second cone, excavated in the +ground with the vertex downward, served as a storehouse +for grain. The door was so low, that an ordinary +person must bend double to pass through it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +However, it was in the winter months only, when +the rains were profuse, that the owner of this respectable +mansion condescended to creep into it. In summer +she had a drawing-room, as it may be called, of +nature’s own creation, in which she lived, and in one +quarter of which she had her lair. Close above the +hut was a high plot of level turf, surrounded by old +oaks, and fringed beneath with thick underwood. In +the centre of this green rose a yew-tree of primeval +character. Indeed, the whole forest spoke of the very +beginnings of the world, as if it had been the immediate +creation of that Voice which bade the earth +clothe itself with green life. But the place no longer +spoke exclusively of its Maker. Upon the trees hung +the emblems and objects of idolatry, and the turf was +traced with magical characters. Littered about were +human bones, horns of wild animals, wax figures, +spermaceti taken from vaults, large nails, to which +portions of flesh adhered, as if they had had to do +with malefactors, metal plates engraved with strange +characters, bottled blood, hair of young persons, and +old rags. The reader must not suppose any incantation +is about to follow, or that the place we are +describing will have a prominent place in what remains +of our tale; but even if it be the scene of only +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page258">[pg 258]</span><a name="Pg258" id="Pg258" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>one conversation, and one event, there is no harm in +describing it, as it appeared on that occasion. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The old crone, who was seated in this bower of +delight, had an expression of countenance in keeping, +not with the place, but with the furniture with +which it was adorned; that furniture told her trade. +Whether the root of superstition might be traced +deeper still, and the woman and her traps were really +and directly connected with the powers beneath the +earth, it is impossible to determine; it is certain she +had the will, it is certain that that will was from +their inspiration; nay, it is certain that she thought +she really possessed the communications which she +desired; it is certain, too, she so far deceived herself +as to fancy that what she learned by mere natural +means came to her from a diabolical source. She +kept up an active correspondence with Sicca. She +was consulted by numbers; she was up with the +public news, the social gossip, and the private and +secret transactions of the hour; and had, before now, +even interfered in matters of state, and had been +courted by rival political parties. But in the high +cares and occupations of this interesting person, we +are not here concerned; but with a conversation +which took place between her and Juba, about the +same hour of the evening as that of Cæcilius’s escape, +but on the day after it, while the sun was gleaming +almost horizontally through the tall trunks of the +trees of the forest. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, my precious boy,”</span> said the old woman, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page259">[pg 259]</span><a name="Pg259" id="Pg259" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-q">“the choicest gifts of great Cham be your portion! +You had excellent sport yesterday, I’ll warrant. The +rats squeaked, eh? and you beat the life out of them. +That scoundrel sacristan, I suppose, has taken up his +quarters below.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You may say it,”</span> answered Juba. <span class="tei tei-q">“The reptile! +he turned right about, and would have made himself +an honest fellow, when it couldn’t be helped.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Good, good!”</span> returned Gurta, as if she had got +something very pleasant in her mouth; <span class="tei tei-q">“ah! that is +good! but he did not escape on that score, I do +trust.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“They pulled him to pieces all the more cheerfully,”</span> +said Juba. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Pulled him to pieces, limb by limb, joint by joint, +eh?”</span> answered Gurta. <span class="tei tei-q">“Did they skin him?—did +they do anything to his eyes, or his tongue? Anyhow, +it was too quickly, Juba. Slowly, leisurely, +gradually. Yes, it’s like a glutton to be quick about +it. Taste him, handle him, play with him,—that’s +luxury! but to bolt him,—faugh!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Cæso’s slave made a good end,”</span> said Juba: <span class="tei tei-q">“he +stood up for his views, and died like a man.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The gods smite him! but he has gone up—up:”</span> +and she laughed. <span class="tei tei-q">“Up to what they call bliss and +glory;—such glory! but he’s out of our domain, you +know. But he did not die easy?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The boys worried him a good deal,”</span> answered +Juba: <span class="tei tei-q">“but it’s not quite in my line, mother, all this. +I think you drink a pint of blood morning and +even<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page260">[pg 260]</span><a name="Pg260" id="Pg260" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>ing, and thrive on it, old woman. It makes you +merry; but it’s too much for my stomach.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ha, ha, my boy!”</span> cried Gurta; <span class="tei tei-q">“you’ll improve +in time, though you make wry faces, now that you’re +young. Well, and have you brought me any news +from the capitol? Is any one getting a rise in the +world, or a downfall? How blows the wind? Are +there changes in the camp? This Decius, I suspect, +will not last long.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“They all seem desperately frightened,”</span> said Juba, +<span class="tei tei-q">“lest they should not smite your friends hard enough, +Gurta. Root and branch is the word. They’ll have +to make a few Christians for the occasion, in order to +kill them: and I almost think they’re about it,”</span> he +added, thoughtfully. <span class="tei tei-q">“They have to show that they +are not surpassed by the rabble. ’Tis a pity Christians +are so few, isn’t it, mother?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, yes,”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“but we must crush them, grind +them, many or few: and we shall, we shall! Callista’s +to come.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I don’t see they are worse than other people,”</span> +said Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“not at all, except that they are commonly +sneaks. If Callista turns, why should not I +turn too, mother, to keep her company, and keep +your hand in?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“No, no, my boy,”</span> returned the witch, <span class="tei tei-q">“you must +serve <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">my</span></span> master. You are having your fling just now, +but you will buckle to in good time. You must one +day take some work with my merry men. Come here, +child,”</span> said the fond mother, <span class="tei tei-q">“and let me kiss you.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page261">[pg 261]</span><a name="Pg261" id="Pg261" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Keep your kisses for your monkeys and goats +and cats,”</span> answered Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“they’re not to my taste, +old dame. Master! my master! I won’t have a +master! I’ll be nobody’s servant. I’ll never stand to +be hired, nor cringe to a bully, nor quake before a rod. +Please yourself, Gurta; I am a free man. You’re my +mother by courtesy only.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Gurta looked at him savagely. <span class="tei tei-q">“Why, you’re not +going to be pious and virtuous, Juba? A choice saint +you’ll make! You shall be drawn for a picture.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why shouldn’t I, if I choose?”</span> said Juba. <span class="tei tei-q">“If I +must take service, willy nilly, I’d any day prefer the +other’s to that of your friend. I’ve not left the +master to take the man.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Blaspheme not the great gods,”</span> she answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“or +they’ll do you a mischief yet.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I say again,”</span> insisted Juba, <span class="tei tei-q">“if I must lick the +earth, it shall not be where your friend has trod. +It shall be in my brother’s fashion, rather than in +yours, Gurta.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius!”</span> she shrieked out with such disgust, that +it is wonderful she uttered the name at all. <span class="tei tei-q">“Ah! you +have not told me about him, boy. Well, is he safe in +the pit, or in the stomach of an hyena?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“He’s alive,”</span> said Juba; <span class="tei tei-q">“but he has not got it in +him to be a Christian. Yes, he’s safe with his uncle.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah! Jucundus must ruin him, debauch him, and +then we must make away with him. We must not +be in a hurry,”</span> said Gurta, <span class="tei tei-q">“it must be body and +soul.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page262">[pg 262]</span><a name="Pg262" id="Pg262" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“No one shall touch him, craven as he is,”</span> answered +Juba. <span class="tei tei-q">“I despise him, but let him alone.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Don’t come across me,”</span> said Gurta, sullenly; <span class="tei tei-q">“I’ll +have my way. Why, you know I could smite you to +the dust, as well as him, if I chose.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“But you have not asked me about Callista,”</span> +answered Juba. <span class="tei tei-q">“It is really a capital joke, but she +has got into prison for certain, for being a Christian. +Fancy it! they caught her in the streets, and put her +in the guard-house, and have had her up for examination. +You see they want a Christian for the nonce: +it would not do to have none such in prison; so they +will flourish with her till Decius bolts from the +scene.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The Furies have her!”</span> cried Gurta: <span class="tei tei-q">“she <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></span> a +Christian, my boy: I told you so, long ago!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Callista a Christian!”</span> answered Juba, <span class="tei tei-q">“ha! ha! +She and Agellius are going to make a match of it, of +some sort or other. They’re thinking of other things +than paradise.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“She and the old priest, more likely, more likely,”</span> +said Gurta. <span class="tei tei-q">“He’s in prison with her—in the pit, as I +trust.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Your master has cheated you for once, old woman,”</span> +said Juba. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Gurta looked at him fiercely, and seemed waiting for +his explanation. He began singing,— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">She wheedled and coaxed, but he was no fool;</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">He’d be his own master, he’d not be her tool;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Not the little black moor should send him to school.</span></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page263">[pg 263]</span><a name="Pg263" id="Pg263" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">She foamed and she cursed—’twas the same thing to him;</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">She laid well her trap; but he carried his whim;—</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">The priest scuffled off, safe in life and in limb.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Gurta was almost suffocated with passion. <span class="tei tei-q">“Cyprianus +has not escaped, boy?”</span> she asked at length. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I got him off,”</span> said Juba, undauntedly. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +A shade, as of Erebus, passed over the witch’s face; +but she remained quite silent. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Mother, I am my own master,”</span> he continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“I +must break your assumption of superiority. I’m not +a boy, though you call me so. I’ll have my own +way. Yes, I saved Cyprianus. You’re a bloodthirsty +old hag! Yes, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I’ve</span></span> seen your secret doings. Did +not I catch you the other day, practising on that little +child? You had nailed him up by hands and feet +against the tree, and were cutting him to pieces at +your leisure, as he quivered and shrieked the while. +You were examining or using his liver for some of +your black purposes. It’s not in my line; but you +gloated over it; and when he wailed, you wailed in +mimicry. You were panting with pleasure.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Gurta was still silent, and had an expression on her +face, awful from the intensity of its malignity. She +had uttered a low piercing whistle. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes!”</span> continued Juba, <span class="tei tei-q">“you revelled in it. You +chattered to the poor babe when it screamed, as a +nurse to an infant. You called it pretty names, and +squeaked out your satisfaction each time you stuck +it. You old hag! I’m not of your breed, though +they call us of kin. <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> don’t fear you,”</span> he <a name="corr263" id="corr263" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">said,</span> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page264">[pg 264]</span><a name="Pg264" id="Pg264" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>observing the expression of her countenance, <span class="tei tei-q">“I don’t +fear the immortal devil!”</span> And he continued his +song— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">She beckoned the moon, and the moon came down;</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">The green earth shrivelled beneath her frown;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">But a man’s strong will can keep his own.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +While he was talking and singing, her call had +been answered from the hut. An animal of some +wonderful species had crept out of it, and proceeded +to creep and crawl, moeing and twisting as it went, +along the trees and shrubs which rounded the grass +plot. When it came up to the old woman, it crouched +at her feet, and then rose up upon its hind legs and +begged. She took hold of the uncouth beast and +began to fondle it in her arms, muttering something +in its ear. At length, when Juba stopped for a moment +in his song, she suddenly flung it right at him, +with great force, saying, <span class="tei tei-q">“Take that!”</span> She then +gave utterance to a low inward laugh, and leaned herself +back against the trunk of the tree upon which +she was sitting, with her knees drawn up almost to her +chin. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The blow seemed to act on Juba as a shock on his +nervous system, both from its violence and its strangeness. +He stood still for a moment, and then, without +saying a word, he turned away, and walked slowly down +the hill, as if in a maze. Then he sat down.... +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +In an instant up he started again with a great cry, +and began running at the top of his speed. He +thought he heard a voice speaking in him; and, +how<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page265">[pg 265]</span><a name="Pg265" id="Pg265" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>ever fast he ran, the voice, or whatever it was, kept +up with him. He rushed through the underwood, +trampling and crushing it under his feet, and scaring +the birds and small game which lodged there. At +last, exhausted, he stood still for breath, when he +heard it say loudly and deeply, as if speaking with +his own organs, <span class="tei tei-q">“You cannot escape from yourself!”</span> +Then a terror seized him; he fell down and fainted +away. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page266">[pg 266]</span><a name="Pg266" id="Pg266" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc47" id="toc47"></a><a name="pdf48" id="pdf48"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXIV.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">A MOTHER’S BLESSING.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +When his senses returned, his first impression was +of something in him not himself. He felt it in his +breathing; he tasted it in his mouth. The brook +which ran by Gurta’s encampment had by this time +become a streamlet, though still shallow. He plunged +into it; a feeling came upon him as if he ought to +drown himself, had it been deeper. He rolled about +in it, in spite of its flinty and rocky bed. When he +came out of it, his tunic sticking to him, he tore it off +his shoulders, and let it hang round his girdle in +shreds, as it might. The shock of the water, however, +acted as a sedative upon him, and the coolness +of the night refreshed him. He walked on for a +while in silence. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Suddenly the power within him began uttering, by +means of his organs of speech, the most fearful blasphemies, +words embodying conceptions which, had +they come into his mind, he might indeed have borne +with patience before this, or uttered in bravado, but +which now filled him with inexpressible loathing, and +a terror to which he had hitherto been quite a +stranger. He had always in his heart believed in a +God, but he now believed with a reality and intensity +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page267">[pg 267]</span><a name="Pg267" id="Pg267" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>utterly new to him. He felt it as if he saw Him; he +felt there was a world of good and evil beings. He +did not love the good, or hate the evil; but he shrank +from the one, and he was terrified at the other; and +he felt himself carried away, against his will, as the +prey of some dreadful, mysterious power, which +tyrannised over him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The day had closed—the moon had risen. He +plunged into the thickest wood, and the trees seemed +to him to make way for him. Still they seemed to +moan and to creak as they moved out of their place. +Soon he began to see that they were looking at him, +and exulting over his misery. They, of an inferior +nature, had had no gift which they could abuse and +lose; and they remained in that honour and perfection +in which they were created. Birds of the night flew +out of them, reptiles slunk away; yet soon he +began to be surrounded, wherever he went, by a circle +of owls, bats, ravens, crows, snakes, wild cats, and +apes, which were always looking at him, but somehow +made way, retreating before him, and yet forming +again, and in order, as he marched along. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He had passed through the wing of the forest +which he had entered, and penetrated into the more +mountainous country. He ascended the heights; +he was a taller, stronger man than he had been; +he went forward with a preternatural vigour, and +flourished his arms with the excitement of some +vinous or gaseous intoxication. He heard the roar +of the wild beasts echoed along the woody ravines +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page268">[pg 268]</span><a name="Pg268" id="Pg268" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>which were cut into the solid mountain rock, with a +reckless feeling, as if he could cope with them. As +he passed the dens of the lion, leopard, hyena, jackal, +wild boar, and wolf, there he saw them sitting at the +entrance, or stopping suddenly as they prowled along, +and eyeing him, but not daring to approach. He +strode along from rock to rock, and over precipices, +with the certainty and ease of some giant in Eastern +fable. Suddenly a beast of prey came across him; +in a moment he had torn up by the roots the stump +of a wild vine plant, which was near him; had thrown +himself upon his foe before it could act on the aggressive, +had flung it upon its back, forced the weapon +into its mouth, and was stamping on its chest. He +knocked the life out of the furious animal; and crying +<span class="tei tei-q">“Take that,”</span> tore its flesh, and, applying his +mouth to the wound, sucked a draught of its blood. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He has passed over the mountain, and has descended +its side. Bristling shrubs, swamps, precipitous banks, +rushing torrents, are no obstacle to his course. He +has reached the brow of a hill, with a deep placid +river at the foot of it, just as the dawn begins to break. +It is a lovely prospect, which every step he takes is +becoming more definite and more various in the daylight. +Masses of oleander, of great beauty, with their +red blossoms, fringed the river, and tracked out its +course into the distance. The bank of the hill below +him, and on the right and left, was a maze of fruit-trees, +about which nature, if it were not the hand of +man, had had no thought except that they should be +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page269">[pg 269]</span><a name="Pg269" id="Pg269" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>all together there. The wild olive, the pomegranate, +the citron, the date, the mulberry, the peach, the +apple, and the walnut, formed a sort of spontaneous +orchard. Across the water, groves of palm-trees +waved their long and graceful branches in the morning +breeze. The stately and solemn ilex, marshalled +into long avenues, showed the way to substantial +granges or luxurious villas. The green turf or grass +was spread out beneath, and here and there flocks +and herds were emerging out of the twilight, and +growing distinct upon the eye. Elsewhere the ground +rose up into sudden eminences crowned with chestnut +woods, or with plantations of cedar and acacia, or +wildernesses of the cork-tree, the turpentine, the +carooba, the white poplar, and the Phenician juniper, +while overhead ascended the clinging tendrils of the +hop, and an underwood of myrtle clothed their stems +and roots. A profusion of wild flowers carpeted the +ground far and near. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba stood and gazed till the sun rose opposite to +him, envying, repining, hating, like Satan looking in +upon Paradise. The wild mountains, or the locust-smitten +track would have better suited the tumult of +his mind. It would have been a relief to him to have +retreated from so fair a scene, and to have retraced +his steps, but he was not his own master, and was +hurried on. Sorely against his determined strong +resolve and will, crying out and protesting and +shuddering, the youth was forced along into the fulness +of beauty and blessing with which he was so +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page270">[pg 270]</span><a name="Pg270" id="Pg270" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>little in tune. With rage and terror he recognised +that he had no part in his own movements, but was a +mere slave. In spite of himself he must go forward +and behold a peace and sweetness which witnessed +against him. He dashed down through the thick +grass, plunged into the water, and without rest or +respite began a second course of aimless toil and +travail through the day. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The savage dogs of the villages howled and fled +from him as he passed by; beasts of burden, on their +way to market, which he overtook or met, stood still, +foamed and trembled; the bright birds, the blue jay +and golden oriole, hid themselves under the leaves +and grass; the storks, a religious and domestic bird, +stopped their sharp clattering note from the high tree +or farmhouse turret, where they had placed their +nests; the very reptiles skulked away from his +shadow, as if it were poisonous. The boors who were +at their labour in the fields suspended it, to look at +one whom the Furies were lashing and whirling on. +Hour passed after hour, the sun attained its zenith, +and then declined, but this dreadful compulsory race +continued. Oh, what would he have given for one five +minutes of oblivion, of slumber, of relief from the +burning thirst which now consumed him! but the +master within him ruled his muscles and his joints, +and the intense pain of weariness had no concomitant +prostration of strength. Suddenly he began to +laugh hideously; and he went forward dancing and +singing loud, and playing antics. He entered a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page271">[pg 271]</span><a name="Pg271" id="Pg271" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>hovel, made faces at the children, till one of them fell +into convulsions, and he ran away with another; and +when some country people pursued him, he flung the +child in their faces, saying, <span class="tei tei-q">“Take that,”</span> and said he +was Pentheus, king of Thebes, of whom he had never +heard, about to solemnise the orgies of Bacchus, and +he began to spout a chorus of Greek, a language he +had never learnt or heard spoken. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Now it is evening again, and he has come up to a +village grove, where the rustics were holding a feast +in honour of Pan. The hideous brutal god, with yawning +mouth, horned head, and goat’s feet, was placed +in a rude shed, and a slaughtered lamb, decked +with flowers, lay at his feet. The peasants were +frisking before him, boys and women, when they were +startled by the sight of a gaunt, wild, mysterious +figure, which began to dance too. He flung and +capered about with such vigour that they ceased +their sport to look on, half with awe and half as a +diversion. Suddenly he began to groan and to +shriek, as if contending with himself, and willing and +not willing some new act; and the struggle ended in +his falling on his hands and knees, and crawling like +a quadruped towards the idol. When he got near, +his attitude was still more servile; still groaning and +shuddering, he laid himself flat on the ground, and +wriggled to the idol as a worm, and lapped up with +his tongue the mingled blood and dust which lay +about the sacrifice. And then again, as if nature had +successfully asserted her own dignity, he jumped up +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page272">[pg 272]</span><a name="Pg272" id="Pg272" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>high in the air, and, falling on the god, broke him to +pieces, and scampered away out of pursuit, before the +lookers-on recovered from their surprise. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Another restless, fearful night amid the open +country; ... but it seemed as if the worst had +passed, and, though still under the heavy chastisement +of his pride, there was now more in Juba of human +action and of effectual will. The day broke, and he +found himself on the road to Sicca. The beautiful outline +of the city was right before him. He passed his +brother’s cottage and garden; it was a wreck. The +trees torn up, the fences broken down, and the room +pillaged of the little that could be found there. He +went on to the city, crying out <span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius;”</span> the gate was +open, and he entered. He went on to the Forum; he +crossed to the house of Jucundus; few people as yet +were stirring in the place. He looked up at the wall. +Suddenly, by the help of projections, and other irregularities +of the brickwork, he mounted up upon the +flat roof, and dropped down along the tiles, through +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">impluvium</span></span> into the middle of the house. He +went softly into Agellius’s closet, where he was +asleep, he roused him with the name of Callista, +threw his tunic upon him, which was by his side, put +his boots into his hands, and silently beckoned him +to follow him. When he hesitated, he still whispered +to him <span class="tei tei-q">“Callista,”</span> and at length seized him and led him +on. He unbarred the street door, and with a movement +of his arm, more like a blow than a farewell, +thrust him into the street. Then he barred again the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page273">[pg 273]</span><a name="Pg273" id="Pg273" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>door upon him, and lay down himself upon the bed +which Agellius had left. His good Angel, we may +suppose, had gained a point in his favour, for he lay +quiet, and fell into a heavy sleep. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page274">[pg 274]</span><a name="Pg274" id="Pg274" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc49" id="toc49"></a><a name="pdf50" id="pdf50"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXV.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">CALLISTA IN DURANCE.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +We will hope that the reader, as well as Agellius, is +attracted by the word Callista, and wishes to know +something about her fate; nay, perhaps finds fault +with us as having suffered him so long to content +himself with the chance and second-hand information +which Jucundus or Juba has supplied. If we have +been wanting in due consideration for him, we now +trust to make up for it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +When Callista, then, had so boldly left the cottage +to stop the intruders, she had in one important point +reckoned without her host. She spoke Latin fluently, +herself, and could converse with the townspeople, +most of whom could do the same; but it was otherwise +with the inhabitants of the country, numbers of +whom, as we have said, were in Sicca on the day of +the outbreak. The two fellows, whom she went out +to withstand, knew neither her nor the Latin tongue. +They were of a race which called itself Canaanite, +and really was so; huge, gigantic men, who looked +like the sons of Enac, described in Holy Writ. They +knew nothing of roads or fences, and had scrambled +up the hill as they could, the shortest way, and, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page275">[pg 275]</span><a name="Pg275" id="Pg275" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>being free from the crowd, with far more expedition +than had they followed the beaten track. She and they +could not understand each other’s speech; but her +appearance spoke for her, and, in consequence, they +seized on her as their share of the booty, and without +more ado, carried her off towards Sicca. As they +came up by a route of their own, so they returned, and +entered the city by a gate more to the south, not the +Septimian; a happy circumstance, as otherwise she +would have stood every chance of being destroyed in +that wholesale massacre which the soldiery inflicted on +the crowd as it returned. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +These giants, then, got possession of Callista, and +she entered Sicca upon the shoulder of one of them, +who danced in with no greater inconvenience than if +he was carrying on it a basket of flowers, or a box of +millinery. Here the party met with the city police, +who were stationed at the gate. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Down with your live luggage, you rascals,”</span> they +said, in their harsh Punic; <span class="tei tei-q">“what have you to do with +plunder of this kind? and how came you by her?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“She’s one of those Christian rats, your worship,”</span> +answered the fellow, who, strong as he was, did not +relish a contest with some dozen of armed men. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Long live the Emperor! We’ll teach her to eat +asses’ heads another time, and brew fevers. I found +her with a party of Christians. She’s nothing but a +witch, and she knows the consequences.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Let her go, you drunken animal!”</span> said the constable, +still keeping his distance. <span class="tei tei-q">“I’ll never believe +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page276">[pg 276]</span><a name="Pg276" id="Pg276" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>any woman is a Christian, let alone so young a one. +And now I look at her, so far as I can see by this light, +I think she’s priestess of one of the great temples up +there.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“She can turn herself into anything,”</span> said the +other of her capturers, <span class="tei tei-q">“young or old. I saw her one +night near Madaura, a month ago, in the tombs in the +shape of a black cat.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Away with you both, in the name of the Suffetes +of Sicca and all the magistracy!”</span> cried the official. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Give up your prisoner to the authorities of the place, +and let the law take its course.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +But the Canaanites did not seem disposed to give +her up, and neither party liking to attack the other, +a compromise took place. <span class="tei tei-q">“Well,”</span> said the guardian +of the night, <span class="tei tei-q">“the law must be vindicated, and the +peace preserved. My friends, you must submit to +the magistrates. But since she happens to be on +your shoulder, my man, let her even remain there, +and we depute you, as a beast of burden, to carry +her for us, thereby to save us the trouble. Here, +child,”</span> he continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“you’re our prisoner; so you +shall plead your own cause in the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">popina</span></span> there. Long +live Decius, pious and fortunate! Long live this +ancient city, colony and municipium! Cheer up, my +lass, and sing us a stave or two, as we go; for I’ll +pledge a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">cyathus</span></span> of unmixed, that, if you choose, you +can warble notes as sweet as the manna gum.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista was silent, but she was perfectly collected, +and ready to avail herself of any opportunity to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page277">[pg 277]</span><a name="Pg277" id="Pg277" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>better her condition. They went on towards the +Forum, where a police-office, as we now speak, was +situated, but did not reach it without an adventure. +The Roman military force at Sicca was not more +than a century of men; the greater number were at +this moment at the great gate, waiting for the mob; +a few, in parties of three and four, were patrolling the +city. Several of these were at the entrance of the +Forum when the party came up to it; and it happened +that a superior officer, who was an assistant to +what may be called the military president of the place, +a young man, on whom much of the duty of the day +had devolved, was with the soldiers. She had known +him as a friend of her brother’s, and recognised him +in the gloom, and at once took advantage of the +meeting. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Help,”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“gentlemen! help, Calphurnius! +these rascals are carrying me off to some den of their +own.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The tribune at once knew her voice. <span class="tei tei-q">“What!”</span> he +cried, with great astonishment, <span class="tei tei-q">“what, my pretty +Greek! You most base, infamous, and unmannerly +scoundrels, down with her this instant! What have +you to do with that young lady? You villains, unless +you would have me crack your African skulls with +the hilt of my sword, down with her, I say!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +There was no resisting a Roman voice, but prompt +obedience is a rarity, and the ruffians began to parley. +<span class="tei tei-q">“My noble master,”</span> said the constable, <span class="tei tei-q">“she’s +our prisoner. Jove preserve you, and Bacchus and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page278">[pg 278]</span><a name="Pg278" id="Pg278" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Ceres bless you, my lord tribune! and long life to the +Emperor Decius in these bad times. But she is a +rioter, my lord, one of the ringleaders, and a Christian +and a witch to boot.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Cease your vile gutturals, you animal!”</span> cried the +officer, <span class="tei tei-q">“or I will ram them down your throat with +my pike to digest them. Put down the lady, beast. +Are you thinking twice about <a name="corr278" id="corr278" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">it?</span> Go, Lucius,”</span> he +said to a private, <span class="tei tei-q">“kick him away, and bring the +woman here.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista was surrendered, but the fellow, sullen at the +usage he had met with, and spiteful against Calphurnius, +as the cause of it, cried out maliciously, <span class="tei tei-q">“Mind +what you are at, noble sir, it’s not our affair; you can +fry your own garlic. But an Emperor is an Emperor, +and an Edict is an Edict, and a Christian is a Christian; +and I don’t know what high places will say to +it, but it’s your affair. Take notice,”</span> he continued, +as he got to a safer distance, raising his voice still +higher, that the soldiers might hear, <span class="tei tei-q">“yon girl is a +Christian priestess, caught in a Christian assembly, +sacrificing asses and eating children for the overthrow +of the Emperor, and the ruin of his loyal city of Sicca, +and I have been interrupted in the discharge of my +duty—I, a constable of the place. See whether Calphurnius +will not bring again upon us the plague, the +murrain, the locusts, and all manner of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">larvæ</span></span> and +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">maniæ</span></span> before the end of the story.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +This speech perplexed Calphurnius, as it was intended. +It was impossible he could dispose of +Cal<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page279">[pg 279]</span><a name="Pg279" id="Pg279" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>lista as he wished, with such a charge formally uttered +in the presence of his men. He knew how serious +the question of Christianity was at that moment, and +how determined the Imperial Government was on the +eradication of its professors; he was a good soldier, +devoted to head-quarters, and had no wish to compromise +himself with his superiors, or to give bystanders +an advantage over him, by setting a prisoner +at liberty without inquiry, who had been taken in a +Christian’s house. He muttered an oath, and said to +the soldiers, <span class="tei tei-q">“Well, my lads, to the Triumviri with +her, since it must be so. Cheer up, my star of the +morning, bright beam of Hellas, it is only as a matter +of form, and you will be set at liberty as soon as they +look on you.”</span> And with these words he led the way +to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Officium</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +But the presiding genius of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Officium</span></span> was less +accommodating than he had anticipated. It might be +that he was jealous of the soldiery, or of their particular +interference, or indignant at the butchery at the great +gate, of which the news had just come, or out of +humour with the day’s work, and especially with the +Christians; at any rate, Calphurnius found he had +better have taken a bolder step, and have carried her +as a prisoner to the camp. However, nothing was +now left for him but to depart; and Callista fell +again into the hands of the city, though of the superior +functionaries, who procured her a lodging for the +night, and settled to bring her up for examination +next morning. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page280">[pg 280]</span><a name="Pg280" id="Pg280" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The morning came, and she was had up. What +passed did not transpire; but the issue was that she +was remanded for a further hearing, and was told she +might send to her brother, and acquaint him where +she was. He was allowed one interview with her, and +he came away almost out of his senses, saying she was +bewitched, and fancied herself a Christian. What +precisely she had said to him, which gave this impression, +he could hardly say; but it was plain there must +be something wrong, or there would not be that public +process and formal examination which was fixed for +the third day afterwards. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page281">[pg 281]</span><a name="Pg281" id="Pg281" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc51" id="toc51"></a><a name="pdf52" id="pdf52"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXVI.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">WHAT CAN IT ALL MEAN?</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Were the origin of Juba’s madness (or whatever the +world would call it) of a character which admitted of +light writing about it, much might be said on the +surprise of the clear-headed, narrow-minded, positive, +and easy-going Jucundus, when he found one nephew +substituted for another, and had to give over his +wonder at Agellius, in order to commence a series of +acts of amazement and consternation at Juba. He +summoned Jupiter and Juno, Bacchus, Ceres, Pomona, +Neptune, Mercury, Minerva, and great Rome, to +witness the marvellous occurrence; and then he had +recourse to the infernal gods, Pluto and Proserpine, +down to Cerberus, if he be one of them; but, after all, +there the portent was, in spite of all the deities which +Olympus, or Arcadia, or Latium ever bred; and at +length it had a nervous effect upon the old gentleman’s +system, and, for the first evening after it, he put +all his good things from him, and went to bed supperless +and songless. What had been Juba’s motive in +the exploit which so unpleasantly affected his uncle, +it is of course quite impossible to say. Whether his +mention of Callista’s name was intended to be for the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page282">[pg 282]</span><a name="Pg282" id="Pg282" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>benefit of her soul, or the ruin of Agellius’s, must be +left in the obscurity in which the above narrative presents +it to us; so far alone is certain, though it does +not seem to throw light on the question, that, on his +leaving his uncle’s house in the course of the forenoon, +which he did, without being pressed to stay, he was +discovered prancing and gesticulating in the neighbourhood +of Callista’s prison, so as to excite the attention +of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">apparitor</span></span>, or constable, who guarded +the entrance, and who, alarmed at his wildness, sent +for some of his fellows, and, with their assistance, +repelled the intruder, who, thereupon, scudding out at +the eastern gate, was soon lost in the passes of the +mountain. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +To one thing, however, we may pledge ourselves, +that Juba had no intention of shaking, even for one +evening, the nerves of Jucundus; yet shaken they were +till about the same time twenty-four hours afterwards. +And when in that depressed state, he saw nothing but +misery on all sides of him. Juba was lost; Agellius +worse. Of course, he had joined himself to his sect, +and he should never see him again; and how should +he ever hold up his head? Well, he only hoped +Agellius would not be boiled in a caldron, or roasted +at a slow fire. If this were done, he positively must +leave Sicca, and the most thriving trade which any +man had in the whole of the Proconsulate. And then +that little Callista! Ah!—what a real calamity was +there! Anyhow he had lost her, and what should he +do for a finisher of his fine work in marble, or metal? +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page283">[pg 283]</span><a name="Pg283" id="Pg283" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>She was a treasure in herself. Altogether the heavens +were very dark; and it was scarcely possible for any +one who knew well his jovial cast of countenance, to +keep from laughing, whatever his real sympathy, at +the unusual length and blankness which were suddenly +imposed upon it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +While he sat thus at his shop window, which, as it +were, framed him for the contemplation of passers-by, +on the day of the escape of Agellius, and the day before +Callista’s public examination, Aristo rushed in upon +him in a state of far more passionate and more reasonable +grief. He had called, indeed, the day before, but +he found a pleasure in expending his distress upon +others, and he came again to get rid of its insupportable +weight by discharging it in a torrent of tears and +exclamations. However, at first the words of both +<span class="tei tei-q">“moved slow,”</span> as the poet says, and went off in a sort +of dropping fire. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well,”</span> said Jucundus, in a depressed tone; <span class="tei tei-q">“he’s +not come to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span>, of course?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Who?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Agellius.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Oh! Agellius! No, he’s not with me.”</span> Then, +after a pause, Aristo added, <span class="tei tei-q">“Why should he be?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Oh, I don’t know. I thought he might be. He’s +been gone since early morning.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Indeed! No, I don’t know where he is. How +came he with you?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I told you yesterday; but you have forgotten. +I was sheltering him; but he’s gone for ever.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page284">[pg 284]</span><a name="Pg284" id="Pg284" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Indeed!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And his brother’s mad!—horribly mad!”</span> and he +slapped his hand against his thigh. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I always thought it,”</span> answered Aristo. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Did you? Yes, so it is; but it’s very different +from what it ever was. The furies have got hold of +him with a vengeance! He’s frantic! Oh, if you had +seen him! Two boys, both mad! It’s all the father!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I thought you’d like to hear something about +dear, sweet Callista,”</span> said her brother. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, I should indeed!”</span> answered Jucundus. <span class="tei tei-q">“By +Esculapius! they’re all mad together!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, it is like madness!”</span> cried Aristo, with great +vehemence. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The world’s going mad!”</span> answered Jucundus, +who was picking up, since he began to talk, an exercise +which was decidedly good for him. <span class="tei tei-q">“We are <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">all</span></span> +going mad! <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> shall get crazed. The townspeople are +crazed already. What an abominable, brutal piece of +business was that three days ago! I put up my shutters. +Did it come near you?—all on account of one +or two beggarly Christians, and my poor boy. What +harm could two or three, toads and vipers though they +be, do here? They might have been trodden down +easily. It’s another thing at Carthage. Catch the +ringleaders, I say; make examples. The foxes escape, +and our poor ganders suffer!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Aristo, pierced with his own misery, had no heart +or head to enter into the semi-political ideas of +Jucundus, who continued,— +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page285">[pg 285]</span><a name="Pg285" id="Pg285" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, it’s no good. The empire’s coming to pieces, +mark my words! I told you so, if those beasts were +let alone. They <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></span> been let alone. Remedies are +too late. Decius will do no good. No one’s safe! +Farewell, my friends! I am going. Like poor dear +Callista, I shall be in prison, and, like her, find myself +dumb!... Ah! yes, Callista; how did you find +her?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O dear, sweet, suffering girl!”</span> cried her brother. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes, indeed!”</span> answered Jucundus; <span class="tei tei-q">“yes!”</span> meditatively. +<span class="tei tei-q">“She <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">is</span></span> a dear, sweet, suffering girl! I +thought he might perhaps have taken her off—that +was my hope. He was so set upon hearing where +she was, whether she could be got out. It struck me +he had made the best of his way to <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">her</span></span>. She could +do anything with him. And she loved him, she did!—I’m +convinced of it!—nothing shall convince me +otherwise! <span class="tei tei-q">‘Bring them together,’</span> I said, <span class="tei tei-q">‘and they +will rush into each other’s arms.’</span> But they’re +bewitched!—The whole world’s bewitched! Mark +my words,—I have an idea who is at the bottom of +this.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Oh!”</span> groaned out Aristo; <span class="tei tei-q">“I care not for top or +bottom!—I care not for the whole world, or for anything +at all but Callista! If you could have seen the +dear, patient sufferer!”</span> and the poor fellow burst into +a flood of tears. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Bear up! bear up!”</span> said Jucundus, who by this +time was considerably better; <span class="tei tei-q">“show yourself a man, +my dear Aristo. These things must be;—they are +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page286">[pg 286]</span><a name="Pg286" id="Pg286" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>the lot of human nature. You remember what the +tragedian says: stay! no!—it’s the comedian,—it’s +Menander”</span>—— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“To Orcus and Erebus with all the tragedy and +comedy that ever was spouted!”</span> exclaimed Aristo. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Can you do nothing for me? Can’t you give me a +crumb of consolation or sympathy, encouragement or +suggestion? I am a stranger in the country, and so +is this dear sister of mine, whom I was so proud of; +and who has been so good, and kind, and gentle, and +sweet. She loved me so much, she never grudged +me anything; she let me do just what I would with +her. Come here, go there,—it was just as I would. +There we were, two orphans together, ten years since, +when I was double her age. She wished to stay in +Greece; but she came to this detestable Africa all for +me. She would be gay and bright when I would +have her so. She had no will of her own; and she +set her heart upon nothing, and was pleased anywhere. +She had not an enemy in the world. I protest +she is worth all the gods and goddesses that ever +were hatched! And here, in this ill-omened Africa, +the evil eye has looked at her, and she thinks herself +a Christian, when she is just as much a hippogriff, or +a chimæra.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, but, Aristo,”</span> said Jucundus, <span class="tei tei-q">“I was going to +tell you who is at the bottom of it all. Callista’s +mad; Agellius is mad; Juba is mad; and Strabo +was mad;—but it was his wife, old Gurta, that drove +him mad;—and there, I think, is the beginning of our +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page287">[pg 287]</span><a name="Pg287" id="Pg287" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>troubles.——Come in! come in, Cornelius!”</span> he cried, +seeing his Roman friend outside, and relapsing for the +moment into his lugubrious tone; <span class="tei tei-q">“Come in, Cornelius, +and give us some comfort, if you can. Well, +this is like a friend! I know if you can help me, you +will.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cornelius answered that he was going back to +Carthage in a day or two, and came to embrace him, +and had hoped to have a parting supper before he +went. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That’s kind!”</span> answered Jucundus: <span class="tei tei-q">“but first tell +me all about this dreadful affair; for you are in the +secrets of the Capitol. Have they any clue what has +become of my poor Agellius?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cornelius had not heard of the young man’s +troubles, and was full of consternation at the +news. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What! Agellius really a Christian?”</span> he said, +<span class="tei tei-q">“and at such a moment? Why, I thought you +talked of some young lady who was to keep him in +order?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“She’s a Christian too,”</span> replied Jucundus; and a +silence ensued. <span class="tei tei-q">“It’s a bad world!”</span> he continued. +<span class="tei tei-q">“She’s imprisoned by the Triumviri. What will be +the end of it?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cornelius shook his head, and looked mysterious. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You don’t mean it?”</span> said Jucundus. <span class="tei tei-q">“Not anything +so dreadful, I do trust, Cornelius. Not the +stake?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cornelius still looked gloomy and pompous. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page288">[pg 288]</span><a name="Pg288" id="Pg288" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Nothing in the way of torture?”</span> he went on; +<span class="tei tei-q">“not the rack, or the pitchfork?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It’s a bad business, on your own showing,”</span> said +Cornelius: <span class="tei tei-q">“it’s a bad business!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Can you do nothing for us, Cornelius?”</span> cried +Aristo. <span class="tei tei-q">“The great people in Carthage are your +friends. O Cornelius! I’d do anything for you!—I’d +be your slave! She’s no more a Christian than +great Jove. She has nothing about her of the cut;—not +a shred of her garment, or a turn of her hair. +She’s a Greek from head to foot—within and without. +She’s as bright as the day! Ah! we have no +friends here. Dear Callista! you will be lost because +you are a foreigner!”</span> and the passionate youth began +to tear his hair. <span class="tei tei-q">“O Cornelius!”</span> he continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“if +you can do anything for us! Oh! she shall sing and +dance to you; she shall come and kneel down to you, +and embrace your knees, and kiss your feet, as I do, +Cornelius!”</span> and he knelt down, and would have +taken hold of Cornelius’s beard. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Cornelius had never been addressed with so poetical +a ceremonial, which nevertheless he received with +awkwardness indeed, but with satisfaction. <span class="tei tei-q">“I hear +from you,”</span> he said with pomposity, <span class="tei tei-q">“that your sister +is in prison on suspicion of Christianity. The case is +a simple one. Let her swear by the genius of the +Emperor, and she is free; let her refuse it, and the +law must take its course,”</span> and he made a slight bow. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, but she is under a delusion,”</span> persisted +Aristo, <span class="tei tei-q">“which cannot last long. She says distinctly +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page289">[pg 289]</span><a name="Pg289" id="Pg289" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>that she is <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">not</span></span> a Christian, is not that decisive? but +then she won’t burn incense; she won’t swear by +Rome. She tells me she does not <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">believe</span></span> in Jupiter, +nor I; can anything be more senseless? It is the act +of a mad woman. I say, <span class="tei tei-q">‘My girl, the question is, +Are you to be brought to shame? are you to die by +the public sword? die in torments?’</span> Oh, I shall go +mad as well as she!”</span> he screamed out. <span class="tei tei-q">“She was +so clever, so witty, so sprightly, so imaginative, so +versatile! why, there’s nothing she couldn’t do. She +could model, paint, play on the lyre, sing, act. She +could work with the needle, she could embroider. +She made this girdle for me. It’s all that Agellius, +it’s Agellius. I beg your pardon, Jucundus; but +it is;”</span> and he threw himself on the ground, and rolled +in the dust. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I have been telling our young friend,”</span> said +Jucundus to Cornelius, <span class="tei tei-q">“to exert self-control, and to +recollect Menander, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Ne quid nimis.’</span> Grieving does no +good; but these young fellows, it’s no use at all speaking +to them. Do you think you could do anything for +us, Cornelius?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Why,”</span> answered Cornelius, <span class="tei tei-q">“since I have been +here, I have fallen in with a very sensible man, and a +man of remarkably sound political opinions. He has +a great reputation, he is called Polemo, and is one of +the professors at the Mercury. He seems to me to +go to the root of these subjects, and I’m surprised +how well we agreed. He’s a Greek, as well as this +young gentleman’s sister. I should recommend him +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page290">[pg 290]</span><a name="Pg290" id="Pg290" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>to go to Polemo; if any one could disabuse her mind, +it is he.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“True, true,”</span> cried Aristo, starting up, <span class="tei tei-q">“but, no, +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">you</span></span> can do it better; you have power with the +government. The Proconsul will listen to you. The +magistrates here are afraid of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></span>; <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">they</span></span> don’t wish +to touch the poor girl, not they. But there’s such a +noise everywhere, and so much ill blood, and so many +spies and informers, and so much mistrust—but why +should it come upon <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Callista</span></span>? Why should <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">she</span></span> be a +sacrifice? But you’d oblige the Duumvirs as much +as me in getting her out of the scrape. But what +good would it do, if they <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">took</span></span> her dear life? Only +get us the respite of a month; the delusion would +vanish in a month. Get two months, if you can; or +as long as you can, you know. Perhaps they would +let us steal out of the country, and no one the wiser; +and no harm to any one. It was a bad job our coming +here.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“We know nothing at Rome of feelings and intentions, +and motives and distinctions,”</span> said Cornelius; +<span class="tei tei-q">“and we know nothing of understandings, connivances, +and evasions. We go by facts; Rome goes by facts. +The question is, What is the fact? Does she burn +incense, or does she not? Does she worship the ass, or +does she not? However, we’ll see what can be done.”</span> +And so he went on, informing the pair of mourners +that, as far as his influence extended, he would do +something in behalf both of Agellius and Callista. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page291">[pg 291]</span><a name="Pg291" id="Pg291" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc53" id="toc53"></a><a name="pdf54" id="pdf54"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXVII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">AM I A CHRISTIAN?</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The sun had now descended for the last time before +the solemn day which was charged with the fate of +Callista, and what was the state of mind of one who +excited such keen interest in the narrow circle within +which she was known? And how does it differ from +what it was some weeks before, when Agellius last +saw her? She would have been unable to say herself. +<span class="tei tei-q">“So is the kingdom of God: as if a man should cast +seed into the earth, and should sleep and rise night and +day, and the seed should spring and grow up, +whilst he knoweth not.”</span> She might, indeed, have +been able afterwards, on looking back, to say many +things of herself; and she would have recognised that +while she was continually differing from herself, in +that she was changing, yet it was not a change which +involved contrariety, but one which expanded itself in +(as it were) concentric circles, and only fulfilled, as +time went on, the promise of its beginning. Every +day, as it came, was, so to say, the child of the preceding, +the parent of that which followed; and the +end to which she tended could not get beyond the +aim with which she set out. Yet, had she been asked, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page292">[pg 292]</span><a name="Pg292" id="Pg292" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>at the time of which we speak, where was her principle +and her consistency, what was her logic, or whether +she acted on reason, or on impulse, or on feeling, or +in fancy, or in passion, she would have been reduced +to silence. What did she know about herself, but +that, to her surprise, the more she thought over what +she heard of Christianity, the more she was drawn to +it, and the more it approved itself to her whole soul, +and the more it seemed to respond to all her needs +and aspirations, and the more intimate was her presentiment +that it was true? The longer it remained +on her mind as an object, the more it seemed (unlike +the mythology or the philosophy of her country, or +the political religion of Rome) to have an external +reality and substance, which deprived objections to it +of their power, and showed them to be at best but +difficulties and perplexities. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +But then again, if she had been asked, what was +Christianity, she would have been puzzled to give an +answer. She would have been able to mention some +particular truths which it taught, but neither to give +them their definite and distinct shape, nor to describe +the mode in which they were realised. She would have +said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I believe what has been told me, as from +heaven, by Chione, Agellius, and Cæcilius:”</span> and it +was clear she could say nothing else. What the three +told her in common and in concord was at once the +measure of her creed and the ground of her acceptance +of it. It was that wonderful unity of sentiment +and belief in persons so dissimilar from each other, so +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page293">[pg 293]</span><a name="Pg293" id="Pg293" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>distinct in their circumstances, so independent in their +testimony, which recommended to her the doctrine +which they were so unanimous in teaching. She had +long given up any belief in the religion of her country. +As to philosophy, it dwelt only in conjecture and +opinion; whereas the very essence of religion was, as +she felt, a recognition of the worshippers on the part +of the Object of it. Religion could not be without +hope. To worship a being who did not speak to us, +recognise us, love us, was not religion. It might be +a duty, it might be a merit; but her instinctive notion +of religion was the soul’s response to a God who had +taken notice of the soul. It was loving intercourse, +or it was a name. Now the three witnesses who had +addressed her about Christianity had each of them +made it to consist in the intimate Divine Presence in +the heart. It was the friendship or mutual love of person +with person. Here was the very teaching which +already was so urgently demanded both by her reason +and her heart, which she found nowhere else; which +she found existing one and the same in a female slave, +in a country youth, in a learned priest. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +This was the broad impression which they made +upon her mind. When she turned to consider more +in detail what it was they taught, or what was implied +in that idea of religion which so much approved itself +to her, she understood them to say that the Creator +of heaven and earth, Almighty, All-good, clothed in +all the attributes which philosophy gives Him, the +Infinite, had loved the soul of man so much, and her +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page294">[pg 294]</span><a name="Pg294" id="Pg294" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>soul in particular, that He had come upon earth in +the form of a man, and in that form had gone through +sufferings, in order to unite all souls to Him; that He +desired to love, and to be loved; that He had said so; +that He had called on man to love Him, and did +actually bring to pass this loving intercourse of Him +and man in those souls who surrendered themselves to +Him. She did not go much further than this; but as +much as this was before her mind morning, noon, and +night. It pleaded in her; it importuned her; it would +not be rebuffed. It did not mind her moods, or disgusts, +or doubts, or denials, or dismissals, but came +again and again. It rose before her, in spite of the +contempt, reproach, and persecution which the profession +of it involved. It smiled upon her; it made +promises to her; it opened eternal views to her; and +it grew upon her convictions in clearness of perception, +in congruity, and in persuasiveness. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Moreover, the more she thought of Chione, of +Agellius, and of Cæcilius the more surely did she +discern that this teaching wrought in them a something +which she had not. They had about them a +simplicity, a truthfulness, a decision, an elevation, a +calmness, and a sanctity to which she was a stranger, +which spoke to her heart and absolutely overcame +her. The image of Cæcilius, in particular, came out +prominently and eloquently in her memory,—not in +his words so much as in his manner. In spite of what +she had injuriously said to him, she really felt drawn +to worship him, as if he were the shrine and the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page295">[pg 295]</span><a name="Pg295" id="Pg295" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>home of that Presence to which he bore such solemn +witness. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +O the change, when, as if in punishment for her wild +words against him, she found herself actually in the +hands of lawless men, who were as far below her in +sentiment as he was above her! O the change, when +she was dizzied by their brutal vociferations and rapid +motion, and that breath and atmosphere of evil which +steamed up from the rankness of their impiety! O +the thankfulness which rose up in her heart, though +but vaguely directed to an object, when she found the +repose and quiet, though it was that of a prison! for +young as she was, she had become tired of all things +that were seen, and had no strong desire, except for +meditation on the great truths which she did not +know. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +One day passes and then another; and now the +morning and the hour is come when she must appear +before the magistrates of Sicca. With dread, with +agitation, she looks forward to the moment. She has +not yet a peace within her. Her peace is the stillness +of the room in which she is imprisoned. She knows +it will pass away when she leaves it; she knows +that again she must be in the hands of cruel, godless +men, with whom she has no sympathy; but she has +no stay whereon to lean in the terrible trial. Her +brother comes to her: he affects to forget her perverseness +or delusion. He comes to her with a smile, +and throws his arms around her; and Callista repels, +from some indescribable feeling, his ardent caress, as +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page296">[pg 296]</span><a name="Pg296" id="Pg296" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>if she were no longer his. He has come to accompany +her to court, by an indulgence which he had +obtained; to support her there,—to carry her through, +and to take her back in triumph home. My sister,—why +that strange, piteous look upon thy countenance?—why +that paleness of thy cheek?—why that whisper +of thy lips?—why those wistful, gentle pleadings +of thine eyes? Sweet eyes, and brow, and cheek, +in which I have ever prided myself! Why so backward?—why +so distant and unfriendly? Am I +not come to rescue thee from a place where thou +never shouldst have been?—where thou ne’er shalt +be again? Callista, what is this mystery?—speak! +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Such as this was the mute expostulation conveyed +in Aristo’s look, and in the fond grasp of his hand; +while treading down forcibly within him his memory +and his fears of her great change, he determined +she should be to him still all that she had ever been. +But how altered was that look, and how relaxed that +grasp, when at length her misery found words, and she +said to him in agitation, <span class="tei tei-q">“My time is short: I want +some Christian, a Christian priest!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was as though she had never shown any tendency +before to the proscribed religion. The words came to +him with the intensity of something new and unimagined +hitherto. He clasped his hands in emotion, turned +white, and could but say, <span class="tei tei-q">“Callista!”</span> If she had +made confession of the most heinous of crimes,—if she +had spoken of murder, or some black treachery against +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page297">[pg 297]</span><a name="Pg297" id="Pg297" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>himself,—of some enormity too great for words, it +might have been; but his sister!—his pride and +delight, after all and certainly a Christian! Better far +had she said she was leaving him for ever, to abandon +herself to the degrading service of the temples; better +had she said she had taken hemlock, or had an asp in +her bosom, than that she should choose to go out of the +world with the tortures, the ignominy, the malediction +of the religion of slaves. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Time waits for no man, nor does the court of +justice, nor the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">subsellia</span></span> of the magistrate. The +examination is to be held in the Basilica at the +Forum, and it requires from us a few words of +explanation beforehand. The local magistrates then +could only try the lesser offences, and decide civil +suits; cases of suspected Christianity were reserved +for the Roman authorities. Still, preliminary examinations +were not unfrequently conducted by the city +Duumvirs, or even in what may be called the police +courts. And this may have especially been the case +in the Proconsulates. Proprætors and Presidents +were in the appointment of the Emperor, and joined +in their persons the supreme civil and military +authority. Such provinces, perhaps, were better +administered; but there would be more of arbitrariness +in their rule, and it would not be so acceptable +to the ruled. The Proconsuls, on the other hand, +were representatives of the Senate, and had not the +military force directly in their hands. The natural +tendency of this arrangement was to create, on the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page298">[pg 298]</span><a name="Pg298" id="Pg298" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>one hand, a rivalry between the civil and military +establishments; and, on the other, to create a friendly +feeling between the Proconsul and the local magistracy. +Thus, not long before the date of this +history, we read of Gordian, the Proconsul, enjoying a +remarkable popularity in his African province; and +when the people rose against the exactions of the +imperial Procurator, as referred to in a former page, +they chose and supported Gordian against him. +But however this might be in general, so it was at +this time at Sicca, that the Proconsular <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Officium</span></span> +and the city magistrates were on a good understanding +with each other, whereas there was some +collision between the latter and the military. Not +much depends in the conduct of our story upon +this circumstance; but it must be taken to account +for the examination of Callista in the Forum, and for +some other details which may follow before we come +to the end of it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The populace was collected about the gates and +within the ample space of the Basilica, but they gave +expression to no strong feeling on the subject of a +Christian delinquent. The famine, the sickness, and, +above all, the lesson which they had received so lately +from the soldiers, had both diminished their numbers +and cowed their spirit. They were sullen, too, and +resentful; and, with the changeableness proverbial in +a multitude, had rather have witnessed the beheading +of a magistrate, or the burning of a tribune, than the +torture and death of a dozen of wretched Christians. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page299">[pg 299]</span><a name="Pg299" id="Pg299" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Besides, they had had a glut of Christian blood; a +reaction of feeling had taken place, and, in spite of the +suspicion of witchcraft, the youth and the beauty of +Callista recommended her to their compassion. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The magistrates were seated on the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">subsellia</span></span>, one of +the Duumvirs presiding, in his white robe bordered +with purple; his lictors, with staves, not fasces, standing +behind him. In the vestibule of the court, to +confront the prisoner on her first entrance, were the +usual instruments of torture. The charge was one +which can only be compared, in the estimation of both +state and people in that day, to that of witchcraft, +poisoning, parricide, or other monstrous iniquity in +Christian times. There were the heavy <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">boiæ</span></span>, a yoke +for the neck, of iron, or of wood; the fetters; the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">nervi</span></span>, or stocks, in which hands and feet were inserted, +at distances from each other which strained or dislocated +the joints. There, too, were the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">virgæ</span></span>, or rods +with thorns in them; the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">flagra</span></span>, <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">lori</span></span>, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">plumbati</span></span>, +whips and thongs, cutting with iron or bruising with +lead; the heavy clubs; the hook for digging into the +flesh; the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">ungula</span></span>, said to have been a pair of scissors; +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">scorpio</span></span>, and <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">pecten</span></span>, iron combs or rakes for tearing. +And there was the wheel, fringed with spikes, on which +the culprit was stretched; and there was the fire +ready lighted, with the water hissing and groaning in +the large caldrons which were placed upon it. Callista +had lost for ever that noble intellectual composure of +which we have several times spoken; she shuddered +at what she saw, and almost fainted, and, while waiting +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page300">[pg 300]</span><a name="Pg300" id="Pg300" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>for her summons, leaned heavily against the merciless +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">cornicularius</span></span> at her side. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-tb"> </div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +At length the judge began—<span class="tei tei-q">“Let the servant from +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Officium</span></span> stand forth.”</span> The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">officialis</span></span> answered that +he had brought a prisoner charged with Christianity; +she had been brought to him by the military on the +night of the riot. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">scriba</span></span> then read out the deposition of one of the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">stationarii</span></span>, to the effect that he and his fellow-soldiers +had received her from the hands of the civic force on +the night in question, and had brought her to the office +of the Triumvirs. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Bring forward the prisoner,”</span> said the judge; she +was brought forward. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Here she is,”</span> answered the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">officialis</span></span>, according to +the prescribed form. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What is your name?”</span> said the judge. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“Callista.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The judge then asked if she was a freewoman or a +slave. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“Free; the daughter of Orsilochus, +lapidary, of Proconnesus.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Some conversation then went on among the magistrates +as to her advocate or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">defensor</span></span>. Aristo presented +himself, but the question arose whether he was +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">togatus</span></span>. He was known, however, to several magistrates, +and was admitted to stand by his sister. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Then the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">scriba</span></span> read the charge—viz., that Callista +was a Christian, and refused to sacrifice to the <a name="corr300" id="corr300" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">gods.</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page301">[pg 301]</span><a name="Pg301" id="Pg301" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was a plain question of fact, which required +neither witnesses nor speeches. At a sign from the +Duumvir in came two priests, bringing in between them +the small altar of Jupiter; the charcoal was ready +lighted, the incense at the side, and the judge called to +the prisoner to sprinkle it upon the flame for the good +fortune of Decius and his son. All eyes were turned +upon her. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am not a Christian,”</span> she said; <span class="tei tei-q">“I told you so before. +I have never been to a Christian place of worship, +nor taken any Christian oath, nor joined in any +Christian sacrifice. And I should lie did I say that I +was in any sense a Christian.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +There was a silence; then the judge said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Prove +your words; there is the altar, the flame, and the +incense; sacrifice to the genius of the Emperor.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She said, <span class="tei tei-q">“What can I do? I am not a Christian.”</span> +The judges looked at each other, as much as to say, +<span class="tei tei-q">“It is the old story; it is that inexplicable, hateful +obstinacy, which will neither yield to reason, common +sense, expediency, or fear.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The Duumvir only repeated the single word, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Sacrifice.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She stopped awhile; then she came forward with a +hurried step. <span class="tei tei-q">“O my fate!”</span> she cried, <span class="tei tei-q">“why was I +born? why am I in this strait? I have no god. What +can I do? I am abandoned; why should I not do +it?”</span> She stopped; then she went right on to the +altar; she took the incense: suddenly she looked up +to heaven and started, and threw it away. <span class="tei tei-q">“I cannot! +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page302">[pg 302]</span><a name="Pg302" id="Pg302" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>I dare not!”</span> she cried out. There was a great sensation +in court. <span class="tei tei-q">“Evidently insane,”</span> said some of the +more merciful of the Decurions; <span class="tei tei-q">“poor thing, poor +thing!”</span> Her brother ran up to her; talked to her, +conjured her, fell down on his knees to her; took her +hand violently, and would have forced her to offer. +In vain; all he could get from her was, <span class="tei tei-q">“I am not a +Christian; indeed, I am not a Christian. I have +nothing to do with them. O the misery!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“She is mad!”</span> cried Aristo; <span class="tei tei-q">“my lord judges, +listen to me. She was seized by brutal ruffians during +the riot, and the fright and shock have overcome her. +Give her time, oh! give her time, and she will get right. +She’s a good religious girl; she has done more work +for the temples than any girl in Sicca; half the +statues in the city are her finishing. Many of you, +my lords, have her handiwork. She works with me. +Do not add to my anguish in seeing her deranged, by +punishing her as a criminal, a Christian: do not take +her from me. Sentence her, and you end the whole +matter; give her a chance, and she will certainly be +restored to the gods and to me. Will you put her to +death because she is mad?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +What was to be done? The court was obsequious +to the Proconsul, afraid of Rome; jealous that the +mob should have been more forward than the magistracy. +Had the city moved sooner, as soon as the +edict came, there would have been no rising, no riot. +Already they had been called on for a report about +that riot and an explanation; if ever they had need +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page303">[pg 303]</span><a name="Pg303" id="Pg303" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>to look sharp what they were doing, it was now. +On the other hand, Callista and her brother had +friends among the judges, as we have said, and their +plea was at once obvious and reasonable. <span class="tei tei-q">“If she +persists, she persists, and nothing can be said; we +don’t wish to be disloyal, or careless of the emperor’s +commands. If she is obstinate, she must die; but +she dies quite as usefully to us, with quite as much +effect, a month hence as now. Not that we ask you +to define a time on your own authority; simply do +this, write to Carthage for advice. The government +can answer within an hour, if it chooses. Merely say, +<span class="tei tei-q">‘Here is a young woman, who has ever been religious +and well conducted, of great accomplishments, and +known especially for her taste and skill in religious +art, who since the day of the riot has suddenly refused +to take the test. She can give no reason for +her refusal, and protests she is not a Christian. Her +friends say that the fright has turned her brain, but +that if kindly treated and kept quiet, she will come +round, and do all that is required of her. What are we +to <a name="corr303" id="corr303" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">do?</span>’</span> ”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +At last Callista’s friends prevailed. It was decided +that the judges should pass over this examination +altogether, as if it had been rendered informal by +Callista’s conduct. Had they recognised it as a proper +legal process, they must have sentenced and executed +her. Such a decision was of this further advantage to +her, that nothing was altered as to her place of confinement. +Instead of being handed over to the state +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page304">[pg 304]</span><a name="Pg304" id="Pg304" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>prison, she remained in her former lodging, though in +custody, and was allowed to see her friends. There +had been very little chance of her recovery, supposing +she was mad, or of ever coming out, if she had once +gone into the formidable <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Carcer</span></span>. Meanwhile the +magistrates sent to Carthage for instructions. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page305">[pg 305]</span><a name="Pg305" id="Pg305" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc55" id="toc55"></a><a name="pdf56" id="pdf56"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXVIII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">A SICK CALL.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Aristo was not a fellow to have very long distresses; +he never would have died of love or of envy, for +honour or for loss of property; but his present +calamity was one of the greatest he could ever have, +and weighed upon him as long as ever any one could. +His love for his sister was real, but it would not do +to look too closely into the grounds of it; if we are +obliged to do so, we must confess to a suspicion that +it lay rather in certain outward, nay, accidental attributes +of Callista, than in Callista herself. Did she +lose her good looks, or her amiable unresisting submission +to his wishes, whatever they were, she would +also lose her hold upon his affections. This is not to +make any severe charge against him, considering how +it is with the common run of brothers and sisters, husbands +and wives; at the same time, most people certainly +are haunted by the memory of the past, and love +for <span class="tei tei-q">“Auld lang syne,”</span> and this Aristo might indeed +have had, and perhaps had not. He loved chiefly for +the present, and by the hour. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +However, at the present time he was in a state of +acute suffering, and, under its paroxysm, he +be<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page306">[pg 306]</span><a name="Pg306" id="Pg306" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>thought him again of Cornelius’s advice, which he +had rejected, to betake himself to Polemo. He had +a distant acquaintance with him, sufficient for his +purpose, and he called on him at the Mercury after the +latter’s lecture. Polemo was no fool, though steeped +in affectation and self-conceit, and Aristo fancied that +his sister might be more moved by a philosophical +compatriot than any one else. Polemo’s astonishment, +however, when the matter was proposed to him surpassed +words, and it showed how utterly Aristo was +absorbed in his own misery, that the possibility of +such a reception should not have occurred to him. +What, he, the friend of Plotinus, of Rogatian, and the +other noble men and women who were his fellow-disciples +at Rome; he, a member of the intellectual +aristocracy of the metropolis of the world; what, he to +visit a felon in prison! and when he found the felon +was a Christian, he fully thought that Aristo had +come to insult him, and was on the point of bidding +him leave him to himself. Aristo, however, persisted; +and his evident anguish, and some particulars which +came out, softened him. Callista was a Greek; a literate, +or blue stocking. She had never indeed worn the +philosophic pallium (as some Christian martyrs afterwards, +if not before, have done—St. Catherine and St. +Euphemia), but there was no reason why she should +not do so. Polemo recollected having heard of her at +the Capitol, and in the triclinium of one of the Decurions, +as a lady of singular genius and attainments; +and he lately had made an attempt to form a female +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page307">[pg 307]</span><a name="Pg307" id="Pg307" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>class of hearers, and it would be a feather in his cap to +make a convert of her. So, not many days after, one +evening, accompanied by Aristo, he set out in his litter +to the lodging where she was in custody; not, however, +without much misgiving when it came to the +point, some shame, and a consequent visible awkwardness +and stiffness in his manner. All the perfumes he +had about him could not hinder the disgust of such a +visit rising up into his nostrils. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista’s room was very well for a prison; it was +on the ground-floor of a house of many stories, close +to the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Officium</span></span> of the Triumvirate. Though not any +longer under their strict jurisdiction, she was allowed +to remain where she had first been lodged. She was +in one of the rooms belonging to an apparitor of that +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Officium</span></span>, and, as he had a wife, or at least a partner, +to take care of her, she might consider herself very +well off. However, the reader must recollect that we +are in Africa, in the month of July, and our young +Greek was little used to heats, which made the whole +city nothing less than one vast oven through the +greater part of the twenty-four hours. In lofty +spacious apartments the resource adopted is to exclude +the external air, and to live as Greenlanders, +with closed windows and doors; this was both impossible, +and would have been unsuccessful, if attempted +in the small apartment of Callista. But fever of mind +is even worse than the heat of the sky; and it is +undeniable that her health, and her strength, and her +appearance are affected by both the physical and the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page308">[pg 308]</span><a name="Pg308" id="Pg308" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>moral enemy. The beauty, which was her brother’s +delight, is waning away; and the shadows, if not the +rudiments of a diviner loveliness, which is of expression, +not of feature, which inspires not human passion, +but diffuses chaste thoughts and aspirations, are taking +its place. Aristo sees the change with no kind of +satisfaction. The room has a bench, two or three stools, +and a bed of rushes in one corner. A staple is firmly +fixed in the wall; and an iron chain, light, however, +and long, if the two ideas can be reconciled, reaches to +her slender arm, and is joined to it by an iron ring. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +On Polemo’s entering the room, his first exclamation +was to complain of its closeness; but he had +to do a work, so he began it without delay. Callista, +on her part, started; she had no wish for his presence. +She was reclining on her couch, and she sat +up. She was not equal to a controversy, nor did +she mean to have one, whatever might be the case +with <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">him</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Callista, my life and joy, dear Callista,”</span> said her +brother, <span class="tei tei-q">“I have brought the greatest man in Sicca +to see you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista cast upon him an earnest look, which soon +subsided into indifference. He had a rose of Cyrene +in his hand, whose perfume he diffused about the +small room. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It is Polemo,”</span> continued Aristo, <span class="tei tei-q">“the friend of +the great Plotinus, who knows all philosophies and +all philosophers. He has come out of kindness to +you.”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page309">[pg 309]</span><a name="Pg309" id="Pg309" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista acknowledged his presence; it was certainly, +she said, a great kindness for any one to visit +her, and there. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Polemo replied by a compliment; he said it was +Socrates visiting Aspasia. There had always been +women above the standard of their sex, and they had +ever held an intellectual converse with men of mind. +He saw one such before him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista felt it would be plunging her soul still +deeper into shadows, when she sought realities, if she +must take part in such an argument. She remained +silent. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Your sister has not the fit upon her?”</span> asked +Polemo of Aristo aside, neither liking her reception +of him, nor knowing what to say. <span class="tei tei-q">“Not at all, dear +thing,”</span> answered Aristo; <span class="tei tei-q">“she is all attention for you +to begin.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Natives of Greece,”</span> at length said he, <span class="tei tei-q">“natives +of Greece should know each other; they deserve to +know each other; there is a secret sympathy between +them. Like that mysterious influence which unites +magnet to magnet; or like the echo which is a repercussion +of the original voice. So, in like manner, +Greeks are what none but they can be,”</span> and he smelt +at his rose and bowed. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She smiled faintly when he mentioned Greece. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Yes,”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I am fonder of Greece than of +Africa.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Each has its advantages,”</span> said Polemo; <span class="tei tei-q">“there is +a pleasure in imparting knowledge, in lighting flame +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page310">[pg 310]</span><a name="Pg310" id="Pg310" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>from flame. It would be selfish did we not leave +Greece to communicate what they have not here. +But you,”</span> he added, <span class="tei tei-q">“lady, neither can learn in +Greece nor teach in Africa, while you are in this +vestibule of Orcus. I understand, however, it is your +own choice; can that be possible?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, I wish to get out, if I could, most learned +Polemo,”</span> said Callista sadly. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“May Polemo of Rhodes speak frankly to Callista +of Proconnesus?”</span> asked Polemo. <span class="tei tei-q">“I would not +speak to every one. <a name="corr310" id="corr310" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">If</span> so, let me ask, what keeps +you here?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The magistrates of Sicca and this iron chain,”</span> +answered Callista. <span class="tei tei-q">“I would I could be elsewhere; +I would I were not what I am.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What could you wish to be more than you are?”</span> +answered Polemo; <span class="tei tei-q">“more gifted, accomplished, beautiful +than any daughter of Africa.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Go to the point, Polemo,”</span> said Aristo, nervously, +though respectfully; <span class="tei tei-q">“she wants home-thrusts.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I see my brother wants you to ask how far it +depends on me that I am here,”</span> said Callista, wishing +to hasten his movements; <span class="tei tei-q">“<a name="corr310a" id="corr310a" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">it</span> is because I will not +burn incense upon the altar of Jupiter.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“A most insufficient reason, lady,”</span> said Polemo. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista was silent. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“What does that action mean?”</span> said Polemo; <span class="tei tei-q">“it +proposes to mean nothing else than that you are loyal +to the Roman power. You are not of those Greeks, +I presume, who dream of a national insurrection at +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page311">[pg 311]</span><a name="Pg311" id="Pg311" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>this time? then you are loyal to Rome. Did I believe +a Leonidas could now arise, an Harmodius, a Miltiades, +a Themistocles, a Pericles, an Epaminondas, I +should be as ready to take the sword as another; but +it is hopeless. Greece, then, makes no claim on you +just now. Nor will I believe, though you were to tell +me so yourself, that you are leagued with any obscure, +fanatic sect who desire Rome’s downfall. Consider +what Rome is;”</span> and now he had got into the magnificent +commonplace, out of his last panegyrical oration +with which he had primed himself before he set +out. <span class="tei tei-q">“I am a Greek,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I love Greece, but I +love truth better; and I look at facts. I grasp them, +and I confess to them. The wide earth, through untold +centuries, has at length grown into the imperial +dominion of One. It has converged and coalesced +in all its various parts into one Rome. This, which +we see, is the last, the perfect state of human society. +The course of things, the force of natural powers, as +is well understood by all great lawyers and philosophers, +cannot go further. Unity has come at length, +and unity is eternity. It will be for ever, because it is a +whole. The principle of dissolution is eliminated. We +have reached the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">apotelesma</span></span> of the world. Greece, +Egypt, Assyria, Libya, Etruria, Lydia, have all had +their share in the result. Each of them, in its own +day, has striven in vain to stop the course of fate, and +has been hurried onwards at its wheels as its victim +or its instrument. And shall Judæa do what profound +Egypt and subtle Greece have tried in vain? +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page312">[pg 312]</span><a name="Pg312" id="Pg312" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>If even the freedom of thought, the liberal scepticism, +nay, the revolutionary theories of Hellas have proved +unequal to the task of splitting up the Roman power, +if the pomp and luxury of the East have failed, shall +the mysticism of Syria succeed?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well, dear Callista, are you listening?”</span> cried +Aristo, not over-confident of the fact, though Polemo +looked round at him with astonishment. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ten centuries,”</span> he continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“ten centuries have +just been completed since Rome began her victorious +career. For ten centuries she has been fulfilling her +high mission in the dispositions of Destiny, and perfecting +her maxims of policy and rules of government. +For ten centuries she has pursued one track with an +ever-growing intensity of zeal, and an ever-widening +extent of territory. What can she not do? just +one thing; and that one thing which she has not presumed +to do, you are attempting. She has maintained +her own religion, as was fitting; but she has never +thrown contempt on the religion of others. This you +are doing. Observe, Callista, Rome herself, in spite +of her great power, has yielded to that necessity +which is greater. She does not meddle with the +religions of the peoples. She has opened no war +against their diversities of rite. The conquering +power found, especially in the East, innumerable +traditions, customs, prejudices, principles, superstitions, +matted together in one hopeless mass; she left +them as they were; she recognised them; it would +have been the worse for her if she had done otherwise. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page313">[pg 313]</span><a name="Pg313" id="Pg313" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>All she said to the peoples, all she dared say to them, +was, <span class="tei tei-q">‘You bear with me, and I will bear with you.’</span> +Yet this you will not do; you Christians, who have +no pretence to any territory, who are not even the +smallest of the peoples, who are not even a people at +all, you have the fanaticism to denounce all other +rites but your own, nay, the religion of great Rome. +Who are you? upstarts and vagabonds of yesterday. +Older religions than yours, more intellectual, more +beautiful religions, which have had a position, and +a history, and a political influence, have come to +nought; and shall you prevail, you, a <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">congeries</span></span>, a +hotch-potch of the leavings, and scraps, and broken +meat of the great peoples of the East and West? +Blush, blush, Grecian Callista, you with a glorious +nationality of your own to go shares with some +hundred peasants, slaves, thieves, beggars, hucksters, +tinkers, cobblers, and fishermen! A lady of high +character, of brilliant accomplishments, to be the +associate of the outcasts of society!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Polemo’s speech, though cumbrous, did execution, +at least the termination of it, upon minds constituted +like the Grecian. Aristo jumped up, swore an oath, +and looked round triumphantly at Callista, who felt +its force also. After all, what did she know of Christians?—at +best she was leaving the known for the +unknown: she was sure to be embracing certain evil +for contingent good. She said to herself, <span class="tei tei-q">“No, I never +can be a Christian.”</span> Then she said aloud, <span class="tei tei-q">“My Lord +Polemo, I am not a Christian;—I never said I <a name="corr313" id="corr313" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">was.</span>”</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page314">[pg 314]</span><a name="Pg314" id="Pg314" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“That is her absurdity!”</span> cried Aristo. <span class="tei tei-q">“She is +neither one thing nor the other. She won’t say she’s +a Christian, and she won’t sacrifice!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It is my misfortune,”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I know. I am +losing both what I see, and what I don’t see. It is +most inconsistent: yet what can I do?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Polemo had said what he considered enough. He +was one of those who sold his words. He had already +been over-generous, and was disposed to give away +no more. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +After a time, Callista said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Polemo, do you believe +in one God?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Certainly,”</span> he answered; <span class="tei tei-q">“I believe in one eternal, +self-existing something.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Well,”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I feel that God within my heart. +I feel myself in His presence. He says to me, <span class="tei tei-q">‘Do +this: don’t do that,’</span> You may tell me that this dictate +is a mere law of my nature, as is to joy or to +grieve. I cannot understand this. No, it is the echo +of a person speaking to me. Nothing shall persuade +me that it does not ultimately proceed from a person +external to me. It carries with it its proof of its +divine origin. My nature feels towards it as towards +a person. When I obey it, I feel a satisfaction; when +I disobey, a soreness—just like that which I feel in +pleasing or offending some revered friend. So you +see, Polemo, I believe in what is more than a mere +<span class="tei tei-q">‘something.’</span> I believe in what is more real to me +than sun, moon, stars, and the fair earth, and the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page315">[pg 315]</span><a name="Pg315" id="Pg315" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>voice of friends. You will say, Who is He? Has +He ever told you anything about Himself? Alas! +no!—the more’s the pity! But I will not give up +what I have, because I have not more. An echo +implies a voice; a voice a speaker. That speaker I +love and I fear.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Here she was exhausted, and overcome too, poor +Callista! with her own emotions. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“O that I could find Him!”</span> she exclaimed, passionately. +<span class="tei tei-q">“On the right hand and on the left I +grope, but touch Him not. Why dost Thou fight +against me?—why dost Thou scare and perplex me, +O First and Only Fair? I have Thee not, and I need +Thee.”</span> She added, <span class="tei tei-q">“I am no Christian, you see, or +I should have found Him; or at least I should say I +had found Him.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It is hopeless,”</span> said Polemo to Aristo, in much +disgust, and with some hauteur of manner: <span class="tei tei-q">“she is +too far gone. You should not have brought me to +this place.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Aristo groaned. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Shall I,”</span> she continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“worship any but Him? +Shall I say that He whom I see not, whom I seek, is +our Jupiter, or Cæsar, or the goddess Rome? They +are none of them images of this inward guide of mine. +I sacrifice to Him alone.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The two men looked at each other in amazement: +one of them in anger. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“It’s like the demon of Socrates,”</span> said Aristo, +timidly. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page316">[pg 316]</span><a name="Pg316" id="Pg316" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I will acknowledge Cæsar in every fitting way,”</span> +she repeated; <span class="tei tei-q">“but I will not make him my God.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Presently she added, <span class="tei tei-q">“Polemo, will not that invisible +Monitor have something to say to all of us,—to +you,—at some future day?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Spare me! spare me, Callista!”</span> cried Polemo, +starting up with a violence unsuited to his station +and profession. <span class="tei tei-q">“Spare my ears, unhappy woman!—such +words have never hitherto entered them. I +did not come to be insulted. Poor, blind, hapless, +perverse spirit—I separate myself from you for ever! +Desert, if you will, the majestic, bright, beneficent +traditions of your forefathers, and live in this frightful +superstition! Farewell!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He did not seem better pleased with Aristo than +with Callista, though Aristo helped him into his litter, +walked by his side, and did what he could to propitiate +him. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page317">[pg 317]</span><a name="Pg317" id="Pg317" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc57" id="toc57"></a><a name="pdf58" id="pdf58"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXIX.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">CONVERSION.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +If there is a state of mind utterly forlorn, it is that +in which we left the poor prisoner after Polemo had +departed. She was neither a Christian, nor was she +not. She was in the midway region of inquiry, which +as surely takes time to pass over, except there be +some almost miraculous interference, as it takes time +to walk from place to place. You see a person coming +towards you, and you say, impatiently, <span class="tei tei-q">“Why don’t +you come faster?—why are you not here already?”</span> +Why?—because it takes time. To see that heathenism +is false,—to see that Christianity is true,—are two +acts, and involve two processes. They may indeed +be united, and the truth may supplant the error; +but they may not. Callista obeyed, as far as truth +was brought home to her. She saw the vanity of +idols before she had faith in Him who came to +destroy them. She could safely say, <span class="tei tei-q">“I discard +Jupiter:”</span> she could not say, <span class="tei tei-q">“I am a Christian.”</span> +Besides, what did she know of Christians? How +did she know that they would admit her, if she +wished it? They were a secret society, with an +election, an initiation, and oaths;—not a mere +philo<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page318">[pg 318]</span><a name="Pg318" id="Pg318" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>sophical school, or a profession of opinion, open to +any individual. If they were the good people that +she fancied them to be,—and if they were not, she +would not think of them at all,—they were not likely +to accept of her. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Still, though we may account for her conduct, its +issue was not, on that account, the less painful. She +had neither the promise of this world, nor of the next, +and was losing earth without gaining heaven. Our +Lord is reported to have said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Be ye good money-changers.”</span> +Poor Callista did not know how to turn +herself to account. It had been so all through her +short life. She had ardent affections, and keen sensibilities, +and high aspirations; but she was not fortunate +in the application of them. She had put herself +into her brother’s hands, and had let him direct +her course. It could not be expected that he would +be very different from the world. We are cautioned +against <span class="tei tei-q">“rejoicing in our youth.”</span> Aristo rejoiced in +his without restraint; and he made his sister rejoice +in hers, if enjoyment it was. He himself found in the +pleasures he pointed out a banquet of fruits:—she +dust and ashes. And so she went on; not changing +her life, from habit, from the captivity of nature, but +weary, disappointed, fastidious, hungry, yet not knowing +what she would have; yearning after something, +she did not well know what. And as heretofore she +had cast her lot with the world, yet had received no +price for her adhesion, so now she had bid it farewell; +yet had nothing to take in its place. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page319">[pg 319]</span><a name="Pg319" id="Pg319" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +As to her brother, after the visit of Polemo, he got +more and more annoyed—angry rather than distressed, +and angry with her. One more opportunity +occurred of her release, and it was the last effort he +made to move her. Cornelius, in spite of his pomposity, +had acted the part of a real friend. He +wrote from Carthage, that he had happily succeeded +in his application to government, and, difficult and +unusual as was the grace, had obtained her release. +He sent the formal documents for carrying it through +the court, and gained the eager benediction of the +excitable Aristo. He rushed with the parchments to +the magistrates, who recognised them as sufficient, +and got an order for admission to her room. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Joy, my dearest,”</span> he cried; <span class="tei tei-q">“you are free! We +will leave this loathsome country by the first vessel. +I have seen the magistrates already.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The colour came into her wan face, she clasped her +hands together, and looked earnestly at Aristo. He +proceeded to explain the process of liberation. She +would not be called on to sacrifice, but must sign a +writing to the effect that she had done so, and there +would be an end of the whole matter. On the first +statement she saw no difficulty in the proposal, and +started up in animation. Presently her countenance +fell; how could she say that she had done what it was +treason to her inward Guide to do? What was the +difference between acknowledging a blasphemy by a +signature or by incense? She smiled sorrowfully at +him, shook her head, and lay down again upon her +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page320">[pg 320]</span><a name="Pg320" id="Pg320" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>rushes. She had anticipated the Church’s judgment +on the case of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Libellatici</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Aristo could not at first believe he heard aright, +that she refused to be saved by what seemed to him +a matter of legal form; and his anger grew so high +as to eclipse and to shake his affection. <span class="tei tei-q">“Lost girl,”</span> +he cried, <span class="tei tei-q">“I abandon you to the Furies!”</span> and he +shook his clenched hand at her. He turned away, +and said he would never see her again, and he kept +his word. He never came again. He took refuge, +with less restraint than was usual to him, in such +pleasures as the city could supply, and strove to drive +his sister from his mind by dissipation. He mixed +in the games of the Campus Martius under the +shadow of the mountain; took part with the revellers +in the Forum, and ended the evening at the Thermæ. +Sometimes the image of dear Callista, as once she +looked, would rush into his mind with a force which +would not be denied, and he would weep for a whole +night. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +At length he determined to destroy himself, after +the example of so many great men. He gave a +sumptuous entertainment, expending his means upon +it, and invited his friends to partake of it. It passed +off with great gaiety; nothing was wanting to make +it equal to an occasion so special and singular. He +disclosed to his guests his purpose, and they applauded; +the last libations were made—the revellers +departed—the lights were extinguished. Aristo disappeared +that night: Sicca never saw him again. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page321">[pg 321]</span><a name="Pg321" id="Pg321" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>After some time it was found that he was at Carthage, +and he had been provident enough to take with him +some of his best working tools, and some specimens +of his own and poor Callista’s skill. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Strange to say, Jucundus proved a truer friend to +the poor girl than her brother. In spite of his selfishness +and hatred of Christians, he was considerably +affected as her case got more and more serious, and +it became evident that only one answer could be +returned to the magistrates from Carthage. He was +quite easy about Agellius, who had, as he considered, +successfully made off with himself, and he was reconciled +to the thought of never seeing him again. Had +it not been for this, one might have fancied that some +lurking anxiety about the fate of his nephew might +have kept alive the fidget which Callista’s dismal +situation gave him, for the philosopher tells us, that +pity always has something in it of self; but, under +the circumstances, it would be rash judgment to have +any such suspicion of his motives. He was not a +cruel man: even the <span class="tei tei-q">“hoary-headed Fabian,”</span> or +Cyprian, or others whom he so roundly abused, +would have found, when it came to the point, that +his bluster was his worst weapon against them; at +any rate he had enough of the <span class="tei tei-q">“milk of human kindness”</span> +to feel considerable distress about that idiotic +Callista. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Yet what could he do? He might as well stop +the passage of the sun, as the movements of mighty +Rome, and a rescript would be coming to a certainty +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page322">[pg 322]</span><a name="Pg322" id="Pg322" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>in due time from Carthage, and would just say one +thing, which would forthwith be passing into the +region of fact. He had no one to consult, and to +tell the truth, Callista’s fate was more than acquiesced +in by the public of Sicca. Her death seemed a +solution of various perplexities and troubles into +which the edict had brought them; it would be purchasing +the praise of loyalty cheaply. Moreover, +there were sets of men actually hostile to her and +her brother; the companies of statuaries, lapidaries, +and goldsmiths, were jealous of foreign artists like +them, who showed contempt for Africa, and who were +acquainted, or rather intimate, with many of the +higher classes, and even high personages in the place. +Well, but could not some of those great people help +her now? His mind glanced towards Calphurnius, +whom he had heard of as in some way or other protecting +her on the evening of the riot, and to him he +determined to betake himself. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Calphurnius and the soldiery were still in high +dudgeon with the populace of Sicca, displeased with +the magistrates, and full of sympathy for Callista. +Jucundus opened his mind fully to the tribune, and +persuaded him to take him to Septimius, his military +superior, and in the presence of the latter many +good words were uttered both by Calphurnius and +Jucundus. Jucundus gave it as his opinion that it +was a very great mistake to strike at any but the +leaders of the Christian sect; he quoted the story of +King Tarquin and the poppies, and assured the great +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page323">[pg 323]</span><a name="Pg323" id="Pg323" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>man that it was what he had always said and always +prophesied, and that, depend upon it, it was a great +mistake not to catch Cyprianus. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The strong arm of the law,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“should not, +on the other hand, be put forth against such butterflies +as this Callista, a girl who, he knew from her +brother, had not yet seen eighteen summers. What +harm could such a poor helpless thing possibly do? +She could not even defend herself, much less attack +anybody else. No,”</span> he continued, <span class="tei tei-q">“your proper +policy with these absurd people is a smiling face and +an open hand. Recollect the fable of the sun and the +wind; which made the traveller lay aside his cloak? +Do you fall in with some sour-visaged, stiff-backed +worshipper of the Furies? fill his cup for him, crown +his head with flowers, bring in the flute-women. +Observe him—he relaxes; a smile spreads on his +countenance; he laughs at a jest; <span class="tei tei-q">‘captus est; +habet:’</span> he pours a libation. Great Jove has conquered! +he is loyal to Rome; what can you desire +more? But beat him, kick him, starve him, turn him +out of doors; and you have a natural enemy to do +you a mischief whenever he can.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Calphurnius took his own line, and a simple one. +<span class="tei tei-q">“If it was some vile slave or scoundrel African,”</span> +he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“no harm would have been done; but, by +Jupiter Tonans, it’s a Greek girl, who sings like a +Muse, dances like a Grace, and spouts verses like +Minerva. ’Twould be sacrilege to touch a hair of her +head; and we forsooth are to let these cowardly dogs +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page324">[pg 324]</span><a name="Pg324" id="Pg324" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>of magistrates entrap Fortunianus at Carthage into +this solecism.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Septimius said nothing, as became a man in office; +but he came to an understanding with his visitors. It +was plain that the Duumvirs of Sicca had no legal +custody of Callista; in a criminal matter she might +seem to fall under the jurisdiction of the military; +and Calphurnius gained leave to claim his right at +the proper moment. The rest of his plan the tribune +kept to himself, nor did Septimius wish to know it. +He intended to march a guard into the prison shortly +before Callista was brought out for execution, and then +to make it believed that she had died under the horrors +of the Barathrum. The corpse of another woman +could without difficulty be found to be her representative, +and she herself would be carried off to the camp. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-tb"> </div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Meanwhile, to return to the prisoner herself, what +was the consolation, what the occupation of Callista +in this waiting time, ere the Proconsul had sent his +answer? Strange to say, and, we suppose, from a +sinful waywardness in her, she had, up to this moment, +neglected to avail herself of a treasure, which +by a rare favour had been put into her possession. +A small parchment, carefully written, elaborately +adorned, lay in her bosom, which might already have +been the remedy of many a perplexity, many a woe. +It is difficult to say under what feelings she had been +reluctant to open the Holy Gospel, which Cæcilius +had intrusted to her care. Whether she was so low +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page325">[pg 325]</span><a name="Pg325" id="Pg325" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>and despondent that she could not make the effort, +or whether she feared to convince herself further, +or whether she professed to be waiting for some +calmer time, as if that were possible, or whether her +unwillingness was that which makes sick people so +averse to eating, or to remedies which they know +would be useful to them, cannot well be determined; +but there are many of us who may be able, from +parallel instances of infirmity, to enter into that state +of mind, which led her at least to procrastinate what +she might do any minute. However, now left absolutely +to herself, Aristo gone, and the answer of the +government to the magistracy not having yet come, +she recurred to the parchment, and to the Bishop’s +words, which ran, <span class="tei tei-q">“Here you will see who it is we +love,”</span> or language to that effect. It was tightly +lodged under her girdle, and so had escaped in the +confusion of that terrible evening. She opened it at +length and read. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was the writing of a provincial Greek; elegant, +however, and marked with that simplicity which was +to her taste the elementary idea of a classic author. +It was addressed to one Theophilus, and professed to +be a carefully digested and verified account of events +which had been already attempted by others. She +read a few paragraphs, and became interested, and in +no long time she was absorbed in the volume. When +she had once taken it up, she did not lay it down. +Even at other times she would have prized it, but +now, when she was so desolate and lonely, it was +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page326">[pg 326]</span><a name="Pg326" id="Pg326" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>simply a gift from an unseen world. It opened a +view of a new state and community of beings, which +only seemed too beautiful to be possible. But not +into a new state of things alone, but into the presence +of One who was simply distinct and removed from +anything that she had, in her most imaginative +moments, ever depicted to her mind as ideal perfection. +Here was that to which her intellect tended, +though that intellect could not frame it. It could +approve and acknowledge, when set before it, what it +could not originate. Here was He who spoke to her +in her conscience; whose Voice she heard, whose +Person she was seeking for. Here was He who +kindled a warmth on the cheek of both Chione and +Agellius. That image sank deep into her; she felt +it to be a reality. She said to herself, <span class="tei tei-q">“This is no +poet’s dream; it is the delineation of a real individual. +There is too much truth and nature, and life and +exactness about it, to be anything else.”</span> Yet she +shrank from it; it made her feel her own difference +from it, and a feeling of humiliation came upon her +mind, such as she never had had before. She began +to despise herself more thoroughly day by day; yet +she recollected various passages in the history which +reassured her amid her self-abasement, especially that +of His tenderness and love for the poor girl at the +feast, who would anoint His feet; and the full tears +stood in her eyes, and she fancied she was that sinful +child, and that He did not repel her. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +O what a new world of thought she had entered! it +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page327">[pg 327]</span><a name="Pg327" id="Pg327" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>occupied her mind from its very novelty. Everything +looked dull and dim by the side of it; her brother +had ever been dinning into her ears that maxim of +the heathen, <span class="tei tei-q">“Enjoy the present, trust nothing to the +future.”</span> She indeed could not enjoy the present with +that relish which he wished, and she had not any +trust in the future either; but this volume spoke a +different doctrine. There she learned the very +opposite to what Aristo taught—viz., that the present +must be sacrificed for the future; that what is +seen must give way to what is believed. Nay, more, +she drank in the teaching which at first seemed so +paradoxical, that even present happiness and present +greatness lie in relinquishing what at first sight seems +to promise them; that the way to true pleasure is, +not through self-indulgence, but through mortification; +that the way to power is weakness, the way to +success failure, the way to wisdom foolishness, the +way to glory dishonour. She saw that there was a +higher beauty than that which the order and harmony +of the natural world revealed, and a deeper peace and +calm than that which the exercise, whether of the intellect +or of the purest human affection, can supply. +She now began to understand that strange, unearthly +composure, which had struck her in Chione, Agellius, +and Cæcilius; she understood that they were detached +from the world, not because they had not the possession, +nor the natural love of its gifts, but because +they possessed a higher blessing already, which they +loved above everything else. Thus, by degrees, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page328">[pg 328]</span><a name="Pg328" id="Pg328" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Callista came to walk by a new philosophy; and had +ideas, and principles, and a sense of relations and +aims, and a susceptibility of arguments, to which before +she was an utter stranger. Life and death, action and +suffering, fortunes and abilities, all had now a new +meaning and application. As the skies speak differently +to the philosopher and the peasant, as a book of +poems to the imaginative and to the cold and narrow +intellect, so now she saw her being, her history, her +present condition, her future, in a new light, which no +one else could share with her. But the ruling sovereign +thought of the whole was He, who exemplified +all this wonderful philosophy in Himself. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page329">[pg 329]</span><a name="Pg329" id="Pg329" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc59" id="toc59"></a><a name="pdf60" id="pdf60"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXX.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">TORRES VEDRAS.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +There were those, however, whom Callista could +understand, and who could understand her; there +were those who, while Aristo, Cornelius, Jucundus, +and Polemo were moving in her behalf, were interesting +themselves also in her, and in a more effectual way. +Agellius had joined Cæcilius, and, if in no other way, +by his mouth came to the latter and his companions +the news of her imprisonment. On the morning that +Agellius had been so strangely let out of confinement +by his brother, and found himself seated at the street-door, +with his tunic on his arm and his boots on the +ground before him, his first business was to recollect +where he was, and to dispose of those articles of dress +according to their respective uses. What should he +do with himself, was of course his second thought. +He could not stay there long without encountering +the early risers of Sicca, the gates being already open. +To attempt to find out where Callista was, and then +to see her or rescue her, would have ended at once in +his own capture. To go to his own farm would have +been nearly as dangerous, and would have had less +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page330">[pg 330]</span><a name="Pg330" id="Pg330" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>meaning. Cæcilius too had said, that they were not +long to be separated, and had given him directions for +finding him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Immediately then he made his way to one of the +eastern gates, which led to Thibursicumbur. There +was indeed no time to be lost, as he soon had indications; +he met several men who knew him by sight, +and one of the apparitors of the Duumviri, who happily +did not. An apostate Christian, whose zeal for +the government was notorious, passed him and looked +back after him. However, he would soon be out of +pursuit, if he had the start of them until the sun got +round the mountains he was seeking. He walked on +through a series of rocky and barren hills, till he got +some way past the second milestone. Before he had +reached the third he had entered a defile in the +mountains. Perpendicular rocks rose on each side of +him, and the level road, reaching from rock to rock, +was not above thirty feet across. He felt that if he +was pursued here, there was no escape. The third +milestone passed, he came to the country road; he +pursued it, counting out his thousand steps, as Cæcilius +had instructed him. By this time it had left the +stony bottom, and was rising up the side of the precipice. +Brushwood and dwarf pines covered it, mingled +with a few olives and caroubas. He said out his seven +pater nosters as he walked, and then looked around. +He had just passed a goatherd, and they looked hard +at each other. Agellius wished him good morning. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You are wishing a kid for Bacchus, sir,”</span> said the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page331">[pg 331]</span><a name="Pg331" id="Pg331" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>man to him as he was running his eye over the goats. +On Agellius answering in the negative, he said in a +clownish way, <span class="tei tei-q">“He who does not sacrifice to Bacchus +does not sacrifice goats.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius, bearing in mind Cæcilius’s directions, saw +of course there was something in the words which did +not meet the ear, and answered carelessly, <span class="tei tei-q">“He who +does not sacrifice, does not sacrifice to Bacchus.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“True,”</span> said the man, <span class="tei tei-q">“but perhaps you prefer a +lamb for a sacrifice.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius replied, <span class="tei tei-q">“If it is the right one; but the +one I mean was slain long since.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The man, without any change of manner, went on +to say that there was an acquaintance of his not far +up the rock, who could perhaps satisfy him on the +point. He said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Follow those wild olives, though +the path seems broken, and you will come to him at +the nineteenth.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius set out, and never was path so untrue to its +own threats. It seemed ending in abrupt cliffs every +turn, but never fulfilled the anticipation; that is, while +he kept to the olive-trees. After ascending what was +rather a flight of marble steps, washed and polished +by the winter torrents, than a series of crags, he fulfilled +the number of trees, and looked round at the +man sitting under it. O the joy and surprise! it was +his old servant Aspar. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You are safe, then, Aspar,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“and I find +you here. O what a tender Providence!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I have taken my stand here, master,”</span> returned +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page332">[pg 332]</span><a name="Pg332" id="Pg332" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Aspar, <span class="tei tei-q">“day after day, since I got here, in hopes of +seeing you. I could not get back to you from Jucundus’s +that dreadful morning, and so I made my way +here. Your uncle sent for you in my presence, but at +the time I did not know what it meant. I was able +to escape.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“And now for Cæcilius,”</span> said Agellius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Behind the olive-tree a torrent’s bed descended; the +descent being so easy, and yet so natural, that art +had evidently interfered with nature, yet concealed its +interference. After tracing it some yards, they came +to a chasm on the opposite side; and, passing through +it, Agellius soon found himself, to his surprise, on a +bleak open hill, to which the huge mountain formed +merely a sort of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">façade</span></span>. Its surface was half rock, +half moor, and it was surrounded by precipices. It +was such a place as some hermit of the middle ages +might have chosen for his solitude. The two walked +briskly across it, and at length came to a low, broad +yawning opening, branching out into several passages +which, if pursued, would have been found to end in +nothing. Aspar, however, made straight for what +appeared a dead wall of rock, in which, on his making +a signal, a door, skilfully hidden, was opened from +within, and was shut behind them by the porter. +They now stood in a gallery running into the mountain. +It was very long, and a stream of cold air came +along it. Aspar told him that at the extremity of it +they should find Cæcilius. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius was indeed in the vestibule of a +remark<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page333">[pg 333]</span><a name="Pg333" id="Pg333" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>able specimen of those caves which had been used for +religious purposes, first by the aborigines of the country, +then by the Phœnician colonists, and in the centuries +which had just passed, for the concealment +of the Christians. The passage along which they +were proceeding might itself be fitly called a cave, +but still it was only one of several natural subterraneans, +of different shapes, and opening into each +other. Some of them lay along the face of a ravine, +from which they received light and air; and here in +one place there were indications of a fortified front. +They were perfectly dry, though the water had at +some remote period filtered through the roof, and had +formed pendants and pillars of semi-transparent stalactite, +of great beauty. It was another and singular +advantage that a particular spot in one of the caverns, +which bordered on the ravine, was the focus of an +immense ear or whispering-gallery, such, that whatever +took place in the public road in which the ravine +terminated, could be distinctly heard there, and thus +they were always kept on guard against the attack of +an enemy, if expected. Had either Agellius or Aspar +been curious about such a matter, the latter might +have pointed out the place where a Punic altar once +had been discovered, with a sort of <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">tumulus</span></span> of bones +of mice near at hand, that animal coming into the list +of victims in the Phœnician worship. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +But the two Christians were engaged, as they first +halted, and then walked along the <a name="corr333" id="corr333" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">corridor</span>, in other +thoughts, than in asking and answering questions +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page334">[pg 334]</span><a name="Pg334" id="Pg334" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>about the history of the place of refuge in which they +found themselves. We have already remarked on the +central position of Sicca for the purpose of missionary +work and of retreat in persecution; such a dwelling +in the rocks did but increase its advantageousness, +and in consequence at this moment many Christians +had availed themselves of it. It is an English proverb +that three removes are as bad as a fire; and so great +were the perils and the hardships of flight in those +times, that it was a question, in a merely earthly point +of view, whether the risk of being apprehended at +home was not a far less evil than the evils which were +certain upon leaving it. There was nothing, then, +ungenerous in the ecclesiastical rule that they alone +should flee, in persecution, who were marked out for +death, if they stayed. The laity, private families, and +the priests, on whose ministrations they depended, +remained; bishops, deacons, and what may be called +the staff of the episcopate, notaries, messengers, +seminarists, and ascetics, would disappear from the +scene of persecution. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius learned from his slave that the cave had +been known to him from the time he was a boy, and +that it was one of the secrets which all who shared it +religiously observed. Holy men, it seemed, had had +intimations of the present trial for several years past; +and it was the full persuasion of the heads of the +Church, that, though it might blow over for a short +time, it would recur at intervals for many years, ending +in a visitation so heavy and long, that the times +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page335">[pg 335]</span><a name="Pg335" id="Pg335" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>of Antichrist would seem to have arrived. However, +the impression upon their minds was, that then would +come a millennium, or, in some sort, a reign of the +saints upon the earth. That, however, was a date +which even Agellius himself, young as he was, would +not be likely to reach; indeed, who could expect to +escape, who might not hope to gain, a Martyr’s death, +in the interval, in the series of assaults, between +which Christianity had to run the gauntlet? Aspar +said, moreover, that some martyrs lay in the chapels +within, and that various confessors had ended their +days there. At the present time there were representatives, +there collected, of a large portion of the +Churches of the Proconsulate. A post, so to call it, +went between them and Carthage every week, and his +friend and father, the bishop of that city, was especially +busy in correspondence. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Moreover, Agellius learned from him that they had +many partisans, well-wishers, and sympathizers, about +the country, whom no one suspected; the families of +parents who had conformed to the established worship, +nay, sometimes the apostates themselves, and that +this was the case in Sicca as well as elsewhere. For +himself, old and ignorant as he was, the persecution +had proved to him an education. He had been +brought near great men, and some who, he was confident, +would be martyrs in the event. He had learned +a great deal about his religion which he did not know +before, and had drunk in the spirit of Christianity, +with a fulness which he trusted would not turn to his +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page336">[pg 336]</span><a name="Pg336" id="Pg336" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>ultimate condemnation. He now too had a consciousness +of the size and populousness of the Church, +of her diffusion, of the promises made to her, of the +essential necessity of what seemed to be misfortune, +of the episcopal regimen, and of the power and +solidity of the see of Peter afar off in Rome, all which +knowledge had made him quite another being. We +have put all this into finer language than the good old +man used himself, and we have grouped it more +exactly, but this is what his words would come to, +when explained. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Coming down to sublunary matters, Aspar said the +cave was well provisioned; they had bread, oil, figs, +dried grapes, and wine. They had vessels and vestments +for the Holy Sacrifice. Their serious want was +a dearth of water at that season, but they relied on +Divine Providence to give them by miracle, if in no +other way, a supply. The place was piercingly cold +too in the winter. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +By this time they had gained the end of the long +gallery, and passed through a second apartment, +when suddenly the sounds of the ecclesiastical chant +burst on the ear of Agellius. How strange, how +transporting to him! he was almost for the first time +coming home to his father’s house, though he had +been a Christian from a child, and never, as he trusted, +to leave it, now that it was found. He did not know +how to behave himself, nor indeed where to go. +Aspar conducted him into the seats set apart for the +faithful; he knelt down and burst into tears. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page337">[pg 337]</span><a name="Pg337" id="Pg337" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was approaching the third hour, the hour at which +the Paraclete originally descended upon the Apostles, +and which, when times of persecution were passed, +was appointed in the West for the solemn mass of the +day. In that early age, indeed, the time of the solemnity +was generally midnight, in order to elude observation; +but even then such an hour was considered +of but temporary arrangement. Pope Telesphorus is +said to have prescribed the hour, afterwards in use, +as early even as the second century; and in a place +of such quiet and security as the cavern in which we +just now find ourselves, there was no reason why it +should not be selected. At the lower end of the +chapel was a rail extending across it, and open in the +middle, where its two portions turned up at right +angles on each side towards the altar. The enclosure +thus made was the place proper for the faithful, into +which Agellius had been introduced, and about fifty +persons were collected about him. Where the two +side-rails which ran up the chapel ceased, there was +a broad step; and upon it two pulpits, one on each +side. Then came a second elevation, carrying the eye +on to the extremity of the upper end. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +In the middle of the wall at that upper end is a +recess, occupied by a tomb. On the front of it is +written the name of some glorious champion of the +faith who lies there. It is one of the first bishops of +Sicca, and the inscription attests that he slept in +the Lord under the Emperor Antoninus. Over the +sacred relics is a slab, and on the slab the Divine +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page338">[pg 338]</span><a name="Pg338" id="Pg338" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>Mysteries are now to be celebrated. At the back is +a painting on the wall, very similar to that in Agellius’s +cottage. The ever-blessed immaculate Mother +of God is exercising her office as the Advocate of +sinners, standing by the sacrifice as she stood at the +cross itself, and offering up and applying its infinite +merits and incommunicable virtue in union with +priest and people. So instinctive in the Christian +mind is the principle of decoration, as it may be +called, that even in times of suffering, and places of +banishment, we see it brought into exercise. Not +only is the arch which overspans the altar ornamented +with an arabesque pattern, but the roof or vault is +coloured with paintings. Our Lord is in the centre, +with two figures of Moses on each side, on the right +unloosing his sandals, on the left striking the rock. +Between the centre figure and the altar may be seen +the raising of Lazarus; in the opposite partition the +healing of the paralytic; at the four angles are men +and women alternately in the attitude of prayer. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +At this time the altar-stone was covered with a rich +crimson silk, with figures of St. Peter and St. Paul +worked in gold upon it, the gift of a pious lady of +Carthage. Beyond the altar, but not touching it, was +a cross; and on one side of the altar a sort of basin or +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">piscina</span></span> cut in the rock, with a linen cloth hanging up +against it. There were no candles upon the altar itself, +but wax lights fixed into silver stands were placed at +intervals along the edge of the presbytery or elevation. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The mass was in behalf of the confessors for the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page339">[pg 339]</span><a name="Pg339" id="Pg339" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>faith then in prison in Carthage; and the sacred +ministers, some half-hour after Agellius’s entrance, +made their appearance. Their vestments already +varied somewhat from the ordinary garments of the +day, and bespoke antiquity; and, though not so simply +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sui generis</span></span> as they are now, they were so far special, +that they were never used on any other occasion, but +were reserved for the sacred service. The neck was +bare, the amice being as yet unknown; instead of the +stole was what was called the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">orarium</span></span>, a sort of handkerchief +resting on the shoulders, and falling down on +each side. The alb had been the inner garment, or +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">camisium</span></span>, which in civil use was retained at night +when the other garments were thrown off; and, as at +the present day, it was confined round the waist by a +zone or girdle. The maniple was a napkin, supplying +the place of a handkerchief; and the chasuble was an +ample <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">pænula</span></span>, such as was worn by the judges, a cloak +enveloping the whole person round, when spread out, +with an opening in the centre, through which the head +might pass. The deacon’s dalmatic was much longer +than it is now, and the subdeacon’s tunicle resembled +the alb. All the vestments were of the purest white. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The mass began by the bishop giving his blessing; +and then the Lector, a man of venerable age, taking +the roll called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Lectionarium</span></span>, and proceeding to a +pulpit, read the Prophets to the people, much in the +way observed among ourselves still on holy Saturday +and the vigil of Pentecost. These being finished, the +people chanted the first verse of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Gloria Patri</span></span>, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page340">[pg 340]</span><a name="Pg340" id="Pg340" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>after which the clergy alternated with the people the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Kyrie</span></span>, pretty much as the custom is now. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Here a fresh roll was brought to the Lector, then or +afterwards called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Apostolus</span></span>, from which he read one +of the canonical epistles. A psalm followed, which +was sung by the people; and, after this, the Lector +received the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Evangeliarium</span></span>, and read a portion of the +Gospel, at which lights were lighted, and the people +stood. When he had finished, the Lector opened the +roll wide, and, turning round, presented it to bishop, +clergy, and people to kiss. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The deacon then cried out, <span class="tei tei-q">“Ite in pace, catechumeni,”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Depart in peace, catechumens;”</span> and then the +kiss of peace was passed round, and the people began +to sing some psalms or hymns. While they were +so engaged, the deacon received from the acolyte the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sindon</span></span>, or corporal, which was of the length of the +altar, and perhaps of greater breadth, and spread it +upon the sacred table. Next was placed on the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sindon</span></span> +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">oblata</span></span>, that is, the small loaves, according to the +number of communicants, with the paten, which was +large, and a gold chalice, duly prepared. And then +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sindon</span></span>, or corporal, was turned back over them, +to cover them as a pall. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The celebrant then advanced: he stood at the +further side of the altar, where the candles are now, +with his face to the people, and then began the holy +sacrifice. First he incensed the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">oblata</span></span>, that is, the +loaves and chalice, as an acknowledgment of God’s +sovereign dominion, and as a token of uplifted prayer +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page341">[pg 341]</span><a name="Pg341" id="Pg341" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>to Him. Then the roll of prayers was brought him, +while the deacon began what is sometimes called the +bidding prayer, being a catalogue of the various subjects +for which intercession is to be made, after the +manner of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Oremus dilectissimi</span></span>, now used on Good +Friday. This catalogue included all conditions of +men, the conversion of the world, the exaltation of +Holy Church, the maintenance of the Roman empire, +the due ripening and gathering of the fruits of the +earth, and other spiritual and temporal blessings,—subjects +very much the same as those which are now +called the Pope’s intentions. The prayers ended with +a special reference to those present, that they might +persevere in the Lord even to the end. And then +the priest began the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sursum corda</span></span>, and said the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sanctus</span></span>. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The Canon or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Actio</span></span> seems to have run, in all but a +few words, as it does now, and the solemn words of +consecration were said secretly. Great stress was laid +on the Lord’s prayer, which in one sense terminated +the function. It was said aloud by the people, and +when they said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Forgive us our trespasses,”</span> they +beat their breasts. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It is not wonderful that Agellius, assisting for +almost the first time at this wonderful solemnity, +should have noted everything as it occurred; and we +must be considered as giving our account of it from +his mouth. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It needs not to enlarge on the joy of the meeting +which followed between Cæcilius and his young +peni<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page342">[pg 342]</span><a name="Pg342" id="Pg342" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>tent. <span class="tei tei-q">“O my father,”</span> he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I come to thee, never +to leave thee, to be thy dutiful servant, and to be +trained by thee after the pattern of Him who made +thee what thou art. Wonderful things have happened; +Callista is in prison on the charge of Christianity; +I was in a sort of prison myself, or what was +worse for my soul; and Juba, my brother, in the +strangest of ways, has this morning let me out. Shall +she not be saved, my father, in God’s own way, as +well as I? At least we can all pray for her; but +surely we can do more—so precious a soul must not +be left to herself and the world. If she has the trials, +she may claim the blessings of a Christian. Is she to +go back to heathenism? Is she, alas! to suffer without +baptism? Shall we not hazard death to bestow +on her that grace?”</span> +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page343">[pg 343]</span><a name="Pg343" id="Pg343" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc61" id="toc61"></a><a name="pdf62" id="pdf62"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXXI.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">THE BAPTISM.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +We have already had occasion to mention that +there were many secret well-wishers, or at least protectors, +of Christians, as in the world at large, so +also in Sicca. There were many persons who had received +benefits from their charity, and had experience +of the scandalous falsehood of the charges now circulated +against them. Others would feel a generosity +towards a cruelly persecuted body; others, utterly +dead to the subject of religion, or rather believing +all religions to be impostures, would not allow it to +be assumed that only one was worthy of bad treatment. +Others liked what they heard of the religion +itself, and thought there was truth in it, though it +had no claim to a monopoly of truth. Others felt it +to be true, but shrank from the consequences of +openly embracing it. Others, who had apostatised +through fear of the executioner, intended to come +back to it at the last. It must be added that in +the African Church confessors in prison had, or were +considered to have, the remarkable privilege of gaining +the public forgiveness of the Church for those who +had lapsed; it was an object, then, for all those +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page344">[pg 344]</span><a name="Pg344" id="Pg344" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>who, being in that miserable case, wished some day +to be restored, to gain their promise of assistance, or +their good-will. To these reasons was added, in Callista’s +case, the interest which naturally attached to a +woman, young and defenceless. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The burning sun of Africa is at the height of its +power. The population is prostrated by heat, by +scarcity, by pestilence, and by the decimation which +their riot brought upon them. They care neither for +Christianity, nor for anything else just now. They +lie in the porticoes, in the caverns under the city, in +the baths. They are more alive at night. The <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">apparitor</span></span>, +in whose dwelling Callista was lodged, who +was himself once a Christian, lies in the shade of the +great doorway, into which his rooms open, asleep, or +stupefied. Two men make their appearance about +two hours before sunset, and demand admittance to +Callista. The jailor asks if they are not the two +Greeks, her brother and the rhetorician, who had +visited her before. The junior of the strangers drops +a purse heavy with coin into his lap, and passes on +with his companion. When the mind is intent on +great subjects or aims, heat and cold, hunger and +thirst, lose their power of enfeebling it; thus perhaps +we must account for the energy now displayed both +by the two ecclesiastics and by Callista herself. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She too thought it was the unwelcome philosopher +come again; she gave a start and a cry of delight +when she saw it was Cæcilius. <span class="tei tei-q">“My father,”</span> she said, +<span class="tei tei-q">“I want to be a Christian, if I may; He came to +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page345">[pg 345]</span><a name="Pg345" id="Pg345" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>save the lost sheep. I have learnt such things from +this book—let me give it you while I can. I am not +long for this world. Give me Him who spoke so +kindly to that woman. Take from me my load of +sin, and then I will gladly go.”</span> She knelt at his feet, +and gave the roll of parchment into his hand. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Rise and sit,”</span> he answered. <span class="tei tei-q">“Let us think calmly +over the matter.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am ready,”</span> she insisted. <span class="tei tei-q">“Deny me not my +wish, when time is so urgent—if I may have it.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Sit down calmly,”</span> he said again; <span class="tei tei-q">“I am not +refusing you, but I wish to know about you.”</span> He +could hardly keep from tears, of pain, or of joy, or of +both, when he saw the great change which trial had +wrought in her. What touched him most was the +utter disappearance of that majesty of mien, which once +was hers, a gift, so beautiful, so unsuitable to fallen +man. There was instead of it a frank humility, a +simplicity without concealment, an unresisting meekness, +which seemed as if it would enable her, if +trampled on, to smile and to kiss the feet that +insulted her. She had lost every vestige of what the +world worships under the titles of proper pride and +self-respect. Callista was now living, not in the +thought of herself, but of Another. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“God has been very good to you,”</span> he continued; +<span class="tei tei-q">“but in the volume you have returned to me He bids +us <span class="tei tei-q">‘reckon the charges.’</span> Can you drink of His chalice? +Recollect what is before you.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She still continued kneeling, with a touching +earn<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page346">[pg 346]</span><a name="Pg346" id="Pg346" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>estness of face and demeanour, and with her hands +crossed upon her breast. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“I <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">have</span></span> reckoned,”</span> she replied; <span class="tei tei-q">“heaven and hell: +I prefer heaven.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You are on earth,”</span> said Cæcilius; <span class="tei tei-q">“not in heaven +or hell. You must bear the pangs of earth before you +drink the blessedness of heaven.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“He has given me the firm purpose,”</span> she said, <span class="tei tei-q">“to +gain heaven, to escape hell; and He will give me too +the power.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Ah, Callista!”</span> he answered, in a voice broken with +distress, <span class="tei tei-q">“you know not what you will have to bear, +if you join yourself to Him.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“He has done great things for me already; I am +wonderfully changed; I am not what I was. He will +do more still.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Alas, my child!”</span> said Cæcilius, <span class="tei tei-q">“that feeble frame, +ah! how will it bear the strong iron, or the keen flame, +or the ruthless beast? My child, what do <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">I</span></span> feel, who +am free, thus handing you over to be the sport of the +evil one?”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Father, I have chosen Him,”</span> she answered, <span class="tei tei-q">“not +hastily, but on deliberation. I believe Him most absolutely. +Keep me not from Him; give Him to me, +if I may ask it; give me my Love.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Presently she added, <span class="tei tei-q">“I have never forgotten those +words of yours since you used them; <span class="tei tei-q">‘Amor meus +crucifixus est.’</span> ”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She began again, <span class="tei tei-q">“I will be a Christian; give me +my place among them. Give me my place at the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page347">[pg 347]</span><a name="Pg347" id="Pg347" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>feet of Jesus, Son of Mary, my God. I wish to love +Him. I think I can love Him. Make me His.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“He has loved you from eternity,”</span> said Cæcilius, +<span class="tei tei-q">“and, therefore, you are now beginning to love Him.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She covered her eyes with her hands, and remained +in profound meditation. <span class="tei tei-q">“I am very ignorant—very +sinful,”</span> she said at length; <span class="tei tei-q">“but one thing I know, +that there is but One to love in the whole world, and +I wish to love him. I surrender myself to Him, if +He will take me; and He shall teach me about Himself.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The angry multitude, their fierce voices, the +brutal executioner, the prison, the torture, the slow, +painful death.”</span> He was speaking, not to her, but to +himself. She was calm, in spite of her fervour; but +he could not contain himself. His heart melted within +him; he felt like Abraham, lifting up his hand to slay +his child. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Time passes,”</span> she said; <span class="tei tei-q">“what may happen? you +may be discovered. But, perhaps,”</span> she added, suddenly +changing her tone, <span class="tei tei-q">“it is a matter of long <a name="corr347" id="corr347" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">initiation.</span> +Woe is me!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“We must gird ourselves to the work, Victor,”</span> he +said to his deacon who was with him. Cæcilius fell +back and sat down, and Victor came forward. He +formally instructed her so far as the circumstances +allowed. Not for baptism only, but for confirmation, +and Holy Eucharist; for Cæcilius determined to give +her all three sacraments at once. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was a sight for angels to look down upon, and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page348">[pg 348]</span><a name="Pg348" id="Pg348" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>they did; when the poor child, rich in this world’s +gifts, but poor in those of eternity, knelt down to +receive that sacred stream upon her brow, which fell +upon her with almost sensible sweetness, and suddenly +produced a serenity different in kind from anything +she had ever before even had the power of conceiving. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The bishop gave her confirmation, and then the Holy +Eucharist. It was her first and last communion; in a +few days she renewed it, or rather completed it, under +the very Face and Form of Him whom she now believed +without seeing. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Farewell, my dearest of children,”</span> said Cæcilius, +<span class="tei tei-q">“till the hour when we both meet before the throne +of God. A few sharp pangs which you can count and +measure, and all will be well. You will be carried +through joyously, and like a conqueror. I know it. +You could face the prospect before you were a Christian, +and you will be equal to the actual trial, now that you +are.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Never fear me, father,”</span> she said in a clear, low +<a name="corr348" id="corr348" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-corr">voice.</span> The bishop and his deacon left the prison. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-tb"> </div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The sun had all but set, when Cæcilius and Victor +passed the city gate; and it was more than twilight +as they crossed the wild hills leading to the precipitous +pass. Evil men were not their only peril in this +work of charity. They were also in danger from wild +beasts in these lone wastes, and, the heathen would +have added, from bad spirits. Bad spirits Cæcilius +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page349">[pg 349]</span><a name="Pg349" id="Pg349" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>recognised too; but he would not have granted that +they were perilous. The two went forward, saying +prayers lowly, and singing psalms, when a sudden cry +was heard, and a strong tall form rushed past them. +It might be some robber of the wild, or dangerous +outcast, or savage fanatic, who knew and hated their +religion; however, while they stopped and looked, he +had come, and he was gone. But he came again, more +slowly; and from his remarkable shape Cæcilius saw +that it was the brother of Agellius. He said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Juba;”</span> +Juba started back, and stood at a distance. Cæcilius +held out his hand, and called him on, again mentioning +his name. The poor fellow came nearer: Cæcilius’s +day’s work was not at an end. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Since we last heard of him, Juba had dwelt in the +mountainous tract over which the two Christians were +now passing; roaming to and fro, or beating himself +in idle fury against the adamantine rocks, and fighting +with the stern necessity of the elements. How he +was sustained can hardly be guessed, unless the +impulse, which led him on the first accession of his +fearful malady, to fly upon the beasts of the desert, +served him here also. Roots too and fruits were scattered +over the wild; and still more so in the ravines, +wherever any quantity of soil had been accumulated. +Alas! had the daylight lasted, in him too, as well as +in Callista, Cæcilius would have found changes, but +of a very different nature; yet even in him he would +have seen a change for the better, for that old awful +expression of pride and defiance was gone. What +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page350">[pg 350]</span><a name="Pg350" id="Pg350" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>was the use of parading a self-will, which every +moment of his life belied? His actions, his words, his +hands, his lips, his feet, his place of abode, his daily +course, were in the dominion of another, who inexorably +ruled him. It was not the gentle influence which +draws and persuades; it was not the power which can +be propitiated by prayer; it was a tyranny which +acted without reaction, energetic as mind, and impenetrable +as matter. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Juba,”</span> said Cæcilius a third time. The maniac +came nearer, and then again suddenly retreated. He +stood at a short distance from Cæcilius, as if afraid to +come on, and cried out, tossing his hands wildly, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Away, black hypocrite, come not near me! Away! +hound of a priest, cross not my path, lest I tear you +to shreds!”</span> Such visitations were no novelties to +Cæcilius; he raised his hand and made the sign of +the cross, then he said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Come.”</span> Juba advanced, +shrieked, and used some terrible words, and rushed +upon Cæcilius, as if he would treat him as he had +treated the savage wolf. <span class="tei tei-q">“Come?”</span> he cried, <span class="tei tei-q">“yes, I +come!”</span> and Victor ran up, fearing his teeth would be +in Cæcilius’s throat, if he delayed longer. The latter +stood his ground, quailing neither in eye nor in limb; +he made the sign of the cross a second time; and in +spite of a manifest antagonism within him, the +stricken youth, with horrid cries, came dancing after +him. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Thus they proceeded, with some signs of insurrection +from time to time on Juba’s part, but with a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page351">[pg 351]</span><a name="Pg351" id="Pg351" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>successful reduction of it as often on the part of +Cæcilius, till they got to the ascent by the olive-trees, +where careful walking was necessary. Then Cæcilius +turned round, and beckoned him. He came. He +said, <span class="tei tei-q">“Kneel down.”</span> He knelt down. Cæcilius put +his hand on his head, saying to him, <span class="tei tei-q">“Follow me +close and without any disturbance.”</span> The three pursued +their journey, and all arrived safe at the cavern. +There Cæcilius gave Juba in charge to Romanus, +who had been intrusted with the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">energumens</span></span> at Carthage. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page352">[pg 352]</span><a name="Pg352" id="Pg352" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc63" id="toc63"></a><a name="pdf64" id="pdf64"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXXII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">THE IMPERIAL RESCRIPT.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Had the imperial edict been acted on by the magistrates +of Sicca, without a reference to Carthage, it is +not easy to suppose that Callista would have persevered +in her refusal to commit the act of idolatry +required of her. But, to speak of second causes, the +hesitation of her judges was her salvation. Once +baptised, there was no reason she should desire any +further delay of her conflict. Come it must, and come +it did. While Cæcilius was placing her beyond +danger, the rescript of the Proconsul had been +received at the office of the Duumvirs. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The absence of the Proconsul from Carthage had +been the cause of the delay; and then, some investigation +was needed to understand the relation of Callista’s +seizure to the riot on the one hand, and to the +strong act of the military on the other, in quelling it. +It was thought that something or other might come +to light to account for the anomalous and unaccountable +position which she had taken up. The imperial +government considered it had now a clear view of her +case, and its orders were distinct and peremptory. +Christianity was to cease to be. It was a subtle foe, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page353">[pg 353]</span><a name="Pg353" id="Pg353" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>sapping the vitals of the state. Rome must perish, +or this illegal association. Such evasions as Callista +had used were but instances of its craft. Its treason +lay, not in its being Christianity, but in its not sacrificing +to the gods of Rome. Callista was but throwing +dust in their eyes. There had been no blow +struck against the treason in inland Africa. Women +had often been the most dangerous of conspirators. +As she was a stranger, there was more probability of +her connection with secret societies, and also less +inconvenience in her execution. Whatever happened, +she was to be got rid of; but first her resolution was +to be broken, for the sake of the example. First, let +her be brought before the tribunal and threatened: +then thrust into the Tullianum; then put upon the +rack, and returned to prison; then scorched over a +slow fire; last of all, beheaded, and left for beasts of +prey. She would sacrifice ere the last stage was +reached. When she had given way, let her be given +up to the gladiators. The message ended by saying +that the Proconsular Procurator, who came by the +same carriages, would preside at the process. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +O wisdom of the world! and strength of the world! +what are you when matched beside the foolishness and +the weakness of the Christian? You are great in resources, +manifold in methods, hopeful in prospects; +but one thing you have not,—and that is peace. You +are always tumultuous, restless, apprehensive. You +have nothing you can rely upon. You have no rock +under your feet. But the humblest, feeblest Christian +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page354">[pg 354]</span><a name="Pg354" id="Pg354" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>has that which is impossible to you. Callista had +once felt the misery of maladies akin to yours. She +had passed through doubt, anxiety, perplexity, despondency, +passion; but now she was in peace. Now +she feared the torture or the flame as little as the +breeze which arose at nightfall, or the busy chatter of +the grasshoppers at the noonday. Nay, rather, she +did not think of torture and death at all, but was +possessed by a peace which bore her up, as if bodily, +on its mighty wings. For hours she remained on her +knees, after Cæcilius left her: then she lay down on +her rushes and slept her last sleep. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She slept sound; she dreamed. She thought she +was no longer in Africa, but in her own Greece, more +sunny and bright than before; but the inhabitants +were gone. Its majestic mountains, its rich plains, its +expanse of waters, all silent: no one to converse with, +no one to sympathize with. And, as she wandered +on and wondered, suddenly its face changed, and its +colours were illuminated tenfold by a heavenly glory, +and each hue upon the scene was of a beauty she had +never known, and seemed strangely to affect all her +senses at once, being fragrance and music, as well as +light. And there came out of the grottoes and glens +and woods, and out of the seas, myriads of bright +images, whose forms she could not discern; and these +came all around her, and became a sort of scene or +landscape, which she could not have described in +words, as if it were a world of spirits, not of matter. +And as she gazed, she thought she saw before her a +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page355">[pg 355]</span><a name="Pg355" id="Pg355" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>well-known face, only glorified. She, who had been +a slave, now was arrayed more brilliantly than an +oriental queen; and she looked at Callista with a +smile so sweet, that Callista felt she could but dance +to it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +And as she looked more earnestly, doubting +whether she should begin or not, the face changed, +and now was more marvellous still. It had an innocence +in its look, and also a tenderness, which bespoke +both Maid and Mother, and so transported Callista, +that she must needs advance towards her, out of love +and reverence. And the lady seemed to make signs +of encouragement: so she began a solemn measure, +unlike all dances of earth, with hands and feet, +serenely moving on towards what she heard some of +them call a great action and a glorious consummation, +though she did not know what they meant. +At length she was fain to sing as well as dance; and +her words were, <span class="tei tei-q">“In the name of the Father, and of +the Son, and of the Holy Ghost;”</span> on which another +said, <span class="tei tei-q">“A good beginning of the sacrifice.”</span> And +when she had come close to this gracious figure, there +was a fresh change. The face, the features were the +same; but the light of Divinity now seemed to beam +through them, and the hair parted, and hung down +long on each side of the forehead; and there was a +crown of another fashion than the Lady’s round about +it, made of what looked like thorns. And the palms +of the hands were spread out as if towards her, and +there were marks of wounds in them. And the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page356">[pg 356]</span><a name="Pg356" id="Pg356" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>vestment had fallen, and there was a deep opening +in the side. And as she stood entranced before Him, +and motionless, she felt a consciousness that her own +palms were pierced like His, and her feet also. And +she looked round, and saw the likeness of His face +and of His wounds upon all that company. And +now they were suddenly moving on, and bearing +something or some one, heavenwards; and they too +began to sing, and their words seemed to be, +<span class="tei tei-q">“Rejoice with Me, for I have found My sheep,”</span> +ever repeated. They went up through an avenue or +long grotto, with torches of diamonds, and amethysts, +and sapphires, which lit up its spars and made them +sparkle. And she tried to look, but could not discover +what they were carrying, till she heard a very +piercing cry, which awoke her. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page357">[pg 357]</span><a name="Pg357" id="Pg357" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc65" id="toc65"></a><a name="pdf66" id="pdf66"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXXIII.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">A GOOD CONFESSION.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The cry came from the keeper’s wife, whom we have +described as kindly disposed to her. She was a +Lybo-Phœnician, and spoke a broken Latin; but the +language of sympathy is universal, in spite of Babel. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Callista,”</span> she exclaimed; <span class="tei tei-q">“girl, they have sent for +you; you are to die. O frightful! worse than a runaway +slave,—the torture! Give in. What’s the +harm? you are so young: those terrible men with +the pincers and hot bars!”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista sat up, and passed from her vision to her +prison. She smiled and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“I am ready; I am +going home.”</span> The woman looked almost frightened, +and with some shade of disgust and disappointment. +She, as others, might have thought it impossible, as it +was unaccountable, that when it came to the point +Callista would hold out. <span class="tei tei-q">“She’s crazed,”</span> she said. +<span class="tei tei-q">“I am ready, mother,”</span> Callista said, and she got up. +<span class="tei tei-q">“You have been very good to me,”</span> she continued; +<span class="tei tei-q">“I have been saying many prayers for you, while my +prayers were of no good, for then He was not mine. +But now I have espoused Him, and am going to be +married to-day, and He will hear me.”</span> The woman +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page358">[pg 358]</span><a name="Pg358" id="Pg358" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>stared at her stupidly, as much as to make it evident +that if afterwards a change took place in her, as in +Callista, that change too, though in so different a soul, +must come of something beyond nature. She had +something in her hand, and said, <span class="tei tei-q">“It’s useless to give +a mad woman like her the packet, which my man has +brought me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista took the packet, which was directed to her, +and broke the seal. It was from her brother. The +little roll of worn parchment opened; a dagger fell +out. Some lines were written on the parchment; +they were dated Carthage, and ran as follows:— +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Aristo to his dearest Callista. I write through +Cornelius. You have not had it in your power to kill +me, but you have taken away half my life. For me, +I will cherish the other half, for I love life better than +death. But you love annihilation; yet, if so, die not +like a slave. Die nobly, mindful of your country; I +send you the means.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista was beyond reflecting on anything around +her, except as in a sort of dream. As common men +think and speak of heaven, so she now thought and +spoke of earth. <span class="tei tei-q">“I wish <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Him</span></span> to kill me, not myself,”</span> +she said. <span class="tei tei-q">“I am His victim. My brother! I have +no brother, except One, who is calling me.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +She was carried to court, and the examination followed. +We have already given a specimen of such a +process; here it will be sufficient to make use of two +documents, different in kind, as far as they go, which +have come down to us. The first is an alto-relief, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page359">[pg 359]</span><a name="Pg359" id="Pg359" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>which once was coloured, not first-rate in art or execution, +and of the date of the Emperor Constantius, +about a century later. It was lately discovered in the +course of excavations made at El Kaf, the modern +Sicca, on the ruins of a church or Roman basilica, for +the building in question seems to have served each +purpose successively. In this sculpture the prætorium +is represented, and the tribunal of the president in it. +The tribunal is a high throne, with wings curving +round on each side, making the whole construction +extend to almost a semicircle, and it is ascended by +steps between the wings. The curule chair is at the +top of the steps; and in the middle and above it are +purple curtains, reaching down to the platform, drawn +back on each side, and when drawn close together +running behind the chair, and constituting what was +called the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">secretarium</span></span>. On one side of the tribunal is +a table covered with carpeting, and looking something +like a modern ottoman, only higher, and not level at +top; and it has upon it the Book of Mandates, the +sign of jurisdiction. The sword too is represented in +the sculpture, to show a criminal case is proceeding. +The procurator is seated on the chair; he is in purple, +and has a gold chain of triple thread. We can also +distinguish his lawyers, whether assessors or <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">consiliarii</span></span>; +also his lictors and soldiers. There, too, are +the notaries in a line below him; they are writing +down the judge’s questions and the prisoner’s answers: +and one of them is turning round to her, as if to +make her speak more loudly. She herself is mounted +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page360">[pg 360]</span><a name="Pg360" id="Pg360" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>upon a sort of platform, called <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">catasta</span></span>, like that on +which slaves were put up for sale. Two soldiers are by +her, who appear to have been dragging her forwards. +The executioners are also delineated, naked to the +waist, with instruments of torture in their hands. +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-tb"> </div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The second document is a fragment of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Acta +Proconsularia</span></span> of her Passion. If, indeed, it could be +trusted to the letter, as containing Callista’s answers +word for word, it would have a distinctly sacred character, +in consequence of our Lord’s words, <span class="tei tei-q">“It shall +be given you in that hour what to speak.”</span> However, +we attach no such special value to this document, +since it comes to us through heathen notaries, who +may not have been accurate reporters; not to say +that before we did so we ought to look very carefully +into its genuineness. As it is, we believe it to be as +true as any part of our narrative, and not truer. It +runs as follows:— +</p> + +<div class="tei tei-tb"> </div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Cneius Messius Decius Augustus II., and Gratus, +Consuls, on the seventh before the Calends of August, +in Sicca Veneria, a colony, in the Secretary at the +Tribunal, Martianus, procurator, sitting; Callista, a +maker of images, was brought up by the Commentariensis +on a charge of Christianity, and when she was +placed,</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Martianus</span></span>, the procurator, said: This folly has +been too long; you have made images, and now you +will not worship them.</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page361">[pg 361]</span><a name="Pg361" id="Pg361" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Callista</span></span> answered: For I have found my true +Love, whom before I knew not.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Martianus</span></span>, the procurator, said: Your true love is, +I ween, your last love; for all were true in their +time.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Callista</span></span> said: I worship my true Love, who is the +Only True; and He is the Son of God, and I know +none but Him.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Martianus</span></span>, the procurator, said: You will not +worship the gods, but you are willing to love their +sons.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Callista</span></span> said: He is the true Son of the True God; +and I am His, and He is mine.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Martianus</span></span>, the procurator, said: Let alone your +loves, and swear by the genius of the emperor.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Callista</span></span> said: I have but one Lord, the King of +kings, the Ruler of all.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Martianus</span></span>, the procurator, turned to the lictor +and said: This folly is madness; take her hand, put +incense in it, and hold it over the flame.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Callista</span></span> said: You may compel me by your +great strength, but my own true Lord and Love is +stronger.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Martianus</span></span>, the procurator, said: You are bewitched; +but we must undo the spell. Take her to +the Lignum (the prison for criminals).</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Callista</span></span> said: He has been there before me, and +He will come to me there.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Martianus</span></span>, the procurator, said: The jailer will +see to that. Let her be brought up to-morrow.</span> +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page362">[pg 362]</span><a name="Pg362" id="Pg362" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“On the day following, Martianus, the procurator, +sitting at the tribunal, called up Callista. He said: +Honour our lord, and sacrifice to the gods.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Callista</span></span> said: Let me alone; I am content with +my One and only Lord.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Martianus</span></span>, the procurator, said: What? did he +come to you in prison, as you hoped?</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Callista</span></span> said: He came to me amid much pain; +and the pain was pleasant, for He came in it.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Martianus</span></span>, the procurator, said: You have got +worn and yellow, and he will leave you.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Callista</span></span> said: He loves me the more, for I am +beautiful when I am black.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Martianus</span></span>, the procurator, said: Throw her into +the Tullianum; perhaps she will find her god there +also.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Then the procurator entered into the Secretary, and +drew the veil; and dictated the sentence for the +tabella. Then he came out, and the præco read it:—Callista, +a senseless and reprobate woman, is hereby +sentenced to be thrown into the Tullianum; then to +be stretched on the equuleus; then to be placed on a +slow fire; lastly, to be beheaded, and left to the dogs +and birds.</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-variant: small-caps">Callista</span></span> said: Thanks to my Lord and King.”</span> +</p> +<div class="tei tei-tb"> </div> +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Here the Acta end: and though they seem to want +their conclusion, yet they supply nearly every thing +which is necessary for our purpose. The one subject +on which a comment is needed, is the state prison, +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page363">[pg 363]</span><a name="Pg363" id="Pg363" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>which, though so little is said of it in the above Report, +is in fact the real <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">medium</span></span>, as we may call it, for +appreciating its information; a few words will suffice +for our purpose. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The state prison, then, was arranged on pretty +much one and the same plan through the Roman +empire, nay, we may say, throughout the ancient +world. It was commonly attached to the government +buildings, and consisted of two parts. The first was +the vestibule, or outward prison, which was a hall, +approached from the prætorium, and surrounded by +cells, opening into it. The prisoners, who were confined +in these cells, had the benefit of the air and +light, which the hall admitted. Such was the place +of confinement allotted to St. Paul at Cæsarea, which +is said to be the <span class="tei tei-q">“prætorium of Herod.”</span> And hence, +perhaps, it is that, in the touching Passion of St. +Perpetua and St. Felicitas, St. Perpetua tells us that, +when permitted to have her child, though she was in +the inner portion, which will next be described, <span class="tei tei-q">“suddenly +the prison seemed to her like the prætorium.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +From this vestibule there was a passage into the +interior prison, called Robur or Lignum, from the +beams of wood, which were the instruments of confinement, +or from the character of its floor. It had +no window or outlet, except this door, which, when +closed, absolutely shut out light and air. Air, indeed, +and coolness might be obtained for it by the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">barathrum</span></span>, +presently to be spoken of, but of what nature we shall +then see. The apartment, called Lignum, was the +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page364">[pg 364]</span><a name="Pg364" id="Pg364" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>place into which St. Paul and St. Silas were cast at +Philippi, before it was known that they were Romans. +After scourging them severely, the magistrates, who +nevertheless were but the local authorities, and had +no proper jurisdiction in criminal cases, <span class="tei tei-q">“put them in +prison, bidding the jailer to keep them carefully; +who, on receiving such a command, put them in the +inner prison, and fastened them in the lignum.”</span> And +in the Acts of the Scillitane Martyrs we read of the +Proconsul giving sentence, <span class="tei tei-q">“Let them be thrown into +prison, let them be put into the Lignum, till to-morrow.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The utter darkness, the heat, and the stench of +this miserable place, in which the inmates were confined +day and night, is often dwelt upon by the +martyrs and their biographers. <span class="tei tei-q">“After a few days,”</span> +says St. Perpetua, <span class="tei tei-q">“we were taken to the prison, and +I was frightened, for I never had known such +darkness. O bitter day! the heat was excessive by +reason of the crowd there.”</span> In the Acts of St. +Pionius, and others of Smyrna, we read that the +jailers <span class="tei tei-q">“shut them up in the inner part of the prison, +so that, bereaved of all comfort and light, they were +forced to sustain extreme torment, from the darkness +and stench of the prison.”</span> And, in like manner, +other martyrs of Africa, about the time of St. +Cyprian’s martyrdom, that is, eight or ten years later +than the date of this story, say, <span class="tei tei-q">“We were not frightened +at the foul darkness of that place; for soon +that murky prison was radiant with the brightness of +the Spirit. What days, what nights we passed there +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page365">[pg 365]</span><a name="Pg365" id="Pg365" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>no words can describe. The torments of that prison no +statement can equal.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Yet there was a place of confinement even worse +than this. In the floor of this inner prison was a sort +of trap-door, or hole, opening into the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">barathrum</span></span>, or +pit, and called, from the original prison at Rome, the +Tullianum. Sometimes prisoners were confined here, +sometimes despatched by being cast headlong into it +through the opening. It was into this pit at Rome +that St. Chrysanthus was cast; and there, and probably +in other cities, it was nothing short of the public +cesspool. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It may be noticed that the Prophet Jeremiah seems +to have had personal acquaintance with Vestibule, +Robur, and Barathrum. We read in one place of his +being shut up in the <span class="tei tei-q">“atrium,”</span> that is, the vestibule, +<span class="tei tei-q">“of the prison, which was in the house of the king.”</span> +At another time he is in the <span class="tei tei-q">“ergastulum,”</span> which +would seem to be the inner prison. Lastly his enemies +let him down by ropes into the lacus or pit, in +which <span class="tei tei-q">“there was no water, but mud.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +As to Callista, then, after the first day’s examination, +she was thrown for nearly twenty-four hours +into the stifling Robur, or inner prison. After the +sentence, on the second day, she was let down, as the +commencement of her punishment, that is, of her +martyrdom, into the loathsome Barathrum, lacus, +or pit, called Tullianum, there to lie for another twenty +hours before she was brought out to the equuleus +or rack. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page366">[pg 366]</span><a name="Pg366" id="Pg366" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc67" id="toc67"></a><a name="pdf68" id="pdf68"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXXIV.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">THE MARTYRDOM.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Callista had sighed for the bright and clear +atmosphere of Greece, and she was thrown into the +Robur and plunged into the Barathrum of Sicca. +But in reality, though she called it Greece, she was +panting after a better country and a more lasting +home, and this country and home she had found. She +was now setting out for it. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was, indeed, no slight marvel that she was not +already there. She had been lowered into that pit of +death before noon on the day of her second examination, +and, excepting some unwholesome bread and +water, according to the custom of the prison, had had +no food since she came into the custody of the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">commentariensis</span></span> +the day before. The order came from +the magistrates to bring her out earlier in the morning +than was intended, or the prison might have really +effected that death which Calphurnius had purposed +to pretend. When the apparitors attempted to raise +her, she neither spoke or moved, nor could well be +seen. <span class="tei tei-q">“Black as Orcus,”</span> said one of the fellows, +<span class="tei tei-q">“another torch there! I can’t see where she nestles.”</span> +<span class="tei tei-q">“There she is, like a bundle of clothes,”</span> said another. +<span class="tei tei-q">“Madam gets up late this morning,”</span> said a third. +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page367">[pg 367]</span><a name="Pg367" id="Pg367" class="tei tei-anchor"></a><span class="tei tei-q">“She’s used to softer couches,”</span> said a fourth. <span class="tei tei-q">“Ha! +ha! ’tis a spoiler of beauty, this hole,”</span> said a fifth. +<span class="tei tei-q">“She is the demon of stubbornness, and must be +crushed,”</span> said the jailer; <span class="tei tei-q">“she likes it, or she would +not choose it.”</span> <span class="tei tei-q">“The plague take the witch,”</span> said +another; <span class="tei tei-q">“we shall have better seasons when a few +like her are ferreted out.”</span> +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +They got her out like a corpse, and put her on the +ground outside the prison. When she still did not +move, two of them took her between them on their +shoulders and arms, and began to move forward, the +instrument of torture preceding her. The fresh air +of the morning revived her; she soon sat up. She +seemed to drink in life again, and became conscious. +<span class="tei tei-q">“O beautiful Light!”</span> she whispered, <span class="tei tei-q">“O lovely Light, +my light and my life! O my Light and my Life, +receive me!”</span> Gradually she became fully alive to all +that was going on. She was going to death, and that +rather than deny Him who had bought her by His +own death. He had suffered for her, and she was to +suffer for Him. He had been racked on the Cross, +she too was to have her limbs dislocated after His +pattern. She scarcely rested on the men’s shoulders; +and they vowed afterwards that they thought she was +going to fly away, vile witch as she was. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“The witch, the witch,”</span> the mob screamed out, for +she had now come to the place of her conflict. +<span class="tei tei-q">“<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">We’ll</span></span> pay you off for blight and pestilence! +Where’s our bread, where’s the maize and barley, +where are the grapes?”</span> And they uttered fierce +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page368">[pg 368]</span><a name="Pg368" id="Pg368" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>yells of execration, and seemed disposed to break +through the line of apparitors, and to tear her to +pieces. Yet, after all, it was not a very hearty +uproar, but got up for the occasion. The populace +had spent their force, not to say their lives, in the riot +in which she was apprehended. The priests and +priestesses of the temples had sent the poor wretches +and paid them. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The place of execution was on the north-east of the +city, outside the walls, and towards the mountain. It +was where slaves were buried, and it was as hideous +as such spots usually were. The neighbourhood was +wild, open to the beasts of prey, who at night used to +descend and feast upon the corpses. As Callista approached +to the scene of her suffering, the expression +of her countenance had so altered that a friend would +scarce have known it. There was a tenderness in it +and a modesty which never had been there in that old +time. Her cheek had upon it a blush, as when the +rising sun suddenly touches some grey rock or tower +yet it was white and glistening too, so much so that +others might have said it was like silver. Her eyes +were larger than they had been, and gazed steadfastly, +as if at what the multitude did not see. Her lips +spoke of sweet peace and deep composure. When +at length she came close upon the rabble, who had +been screaming and yelling so fiercely, men, women, +and boys suddenly held their peace. It was first from +curiosity, then from amazement, then from awe. At +length a fear smote through them, and a strange pity +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page369">[pg 369]</span><a name="Pg369" id="Pg369" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>and reverence. They almost seemed inclined to +worship what stirred them so much, they knew not +how; a new idea had visited those poor ignorant +souls. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +A few minutes sufficed to put the rack into working +order. She was laid down upon its board in her +poor bedimmed tunic, which once flashed so bright +in the sun,—she who had been ever so delicate in +her apparel. Her wrists and ankles were seized, +extended, fastened to the moveable blocks at the +extremities of the plank. She spoke her last word, +<span class="tei tei-q">“For Thee, my Lord and Love, for Thee!... +Accept me, O my Love, upon this bed of pain! +And come to me, O my Love, make haste and +come!”</span> The men turned round the wheels rapidly +to and fro; the joints were drawn out of their sockets, +and then snapped in again. She had fainted. They +waited for her coming-to; they still waited; they got +impatient. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Dash some water on her,”</span> said one. <span class="tei tei-q">“Spit in her +face, and it will do,”</span> said a second. <span class="tei tei-q">“Prick her with +your spike,”</span> said a third. <span class="tei tei-q">“Hold your wild talk,”</span> +said a fourth; <span class="tei tei-q">“she’s gone to the shades.”</span> They +gathered round, and looked at her attentively. They +could not bring her back. So it was: she had gone +to her Lord and her Love. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“Lay her out for the wolves and vultures,”</span> said the +<span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">cornicularius</span></span>, and he was going to appoint guards till +nightfall, when up came the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">stationarii</span></span> and Calphurnius +in high wrath. +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page370">[pg 370]</span><a name="Pg370" id="Pg370" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +<span class="tei tei-q">“You dogs!”</span> he cried, <span class="tei tei-q">“what trick have you been +practising against the soldiers of Rome?”</span> However, +expostulation and reproach were bootless; nor would +it answer here to go into the quarrel which ensued +over the dead body. The magistrates, having got +scent of Calphurnius’s scheme, had outwitted the +tribune by assigning an earlier hour than was usual +for the execution. Life could not be recalled; nor +did the soldiers of course dare publicly to disobey the +Proconsul’s order for the exposure of the corpse. All +that could be done, they did. They took her down +with rude reverence from the rack, and placed her on +the sand; and then they set guards to keep off the +rabble, and to avail themselves of any opportunity +which might occur to show consideration towards her. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page371">[pg 371]</span><a name="Pg371" id="Pg371" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc69" id="toc69"></a><a name="pdf70" id="pdf70"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXXV.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">THE CORPO SANTO.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The sun of Africa has passed over the heavens, but +has not dared with one of his fierce rays to profane +the sacred relics which lie out before him. The mists +of evening rise up, and the heavy dews fall, but they +neither bring the poison of decay to that gracious +body, nor receive it thence. The beasts of the wild +are roaming and roaring at a distance, or nigh at +hand: not any one of them presumes to touch her. +No vultures may promise themselves a morning meal +from such a victim, as they watch through the night +upon the high crags which overlook her. The stars +have come out on high, and, they too look down +upon Callista, as if they were funeral lights in her +honour. Next the moon rises up to see what has +been going on, and edges the black hangings of the +night with silver. Yet mourning and dirge are but +of formal observance, when a brave champion has +died for her God. The world of ghosts has as little +power over such an one as the world of nature. No +evil spirit has aught to say to her, who has gone in +her baptismal white before the Throne. No penal +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page372">[pg 372]</span><a name="Pg372" id="Pg372" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>fire shall be her robe, who has been carried in her +bright <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">flammeum</span></span> to the Bridal Chamber of the Lamb. +A divine odour fills the air, issuing from that senseless, +motionless, broken frame. A circle of light +gleams round her brow, and, even when the daylight +comes again, it there is faintly seen. Her features +have reassumed their former majesty, but with an +expression of childlike innocence and heavenly peace. +The thongs have drawn blood at the wrists and +ankles, which has run and soaked into the sand; but +angels received the body from the soldiers when they +took it off the rack, and it lies, sweetly and modestly +composed, upon the ground. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Passers-by stand still and gaze; idlers gather round. +The report spreads in Sicca that neither sun by day, +nor moon by night, nor moist atmosphere, nor beast +of prey, has power over the wonderful corpse. Nay, +that they cannot come near it without falling under +some strange influence, which makes them calm and +grave, expels bad passions, and allays commotion of +mind. Many come again and again, for the mysterious +and soothing effect she exerts upon them. They +cannot talk freely about it to each other, and are +seized with a sacred fear when they attempt to do so. +Those who have merely heard their report without +seeing her, say that these men have been in a grove +of the Eumenides, or have suddenly encountered the +wolf. The popular sensation continues and extends; +some say it is magical, others that it is from the +great gods. Day sinks again into evening, evening +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page373">[pg 373]</span><a name="Pg373" id="Pg373" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>becomes night; the night wears out, and morning is +coming again. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It begins to dawn: a glimmer is faintly spread +abroad, and, mixing with the dark, makes twilight, +which gradually brightens, and the outlines of nature +rise dimly out of the night. Gradually the sacred +body comes to sight; and, as the light grows stronger +around it, gradually too the forms of five men emerge, +who had not been there the night before. One is in +front; the rest behind with a sort of bier or litter. +They stand on the mountain side of her, and must +have come from the country. It has been a bold +enterprise theirs, to expose themselves to the nightly +beasts, and now again to the rabble and the soldiers. +The soldiers are at some little distance, silent and +watchful; such of the rabble as have passed the night +there have had some superstitious object in their stay. +They have thought to get portions of the flesh for +magical purposes; a finger, or a tooth, or some hair, +or a portion of her tunic, or the blood-stained rope +which was twisted round her wrist and ankle. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +As the light makes her at length quite visible to +the youth on the other side, who stands by himself +with clasped hands and tearful eyes, he shrinks from +the sight. He turns round to his companions who are +provided with a large winding-sheet or pall, and with +the help of one of them, to the surprise of the populace, +he spreads it all over the body. And having +done this, he stands again trembling, just for a few +seconds, absorbed in his meditations, praying and +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page374">[pg 374]</span><a name="Pg374" id="Pg374" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>weeping, and nerving himself for what is to follow. +Ah, poor Agellius! you have not risen yet to the +pitch of triumph; and other thoughts must be let to +range through your breast, other emotions must spend +themselves, before you are prepared simply to rejoice, +exult, and glory in the lifeless form which lies before +you. You are upon a brave work, but your heart is +torn while you set hand to it, and you linger before +you begin. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +It was in the pride of her earthly beauty and the +full vigour and elevation of her mind, that he last had +seen her. It seemed an age since that morning, as if +a chasm ran between the now and the then, when she +so fascinated him with her presence, and so majestically +rebuked him for bowing to that fascination. Yet +on his memory every incident of that interview was +fixed, and was indelible. O why should the great +Creator shatter one of His most admirable works! If +the order of the sun and stars is adorable, if the laws +by which earth and sea are kept together mark the +Hand of supreme Wisdom and Power, how much +nobler perfection of beauty is manifested in man! And +of human nature itself here was the supereminent +crown, a soul full of gifts, full of greatness, full of +intellect, placed in an outward form, equally surpassing +in its kind, and still more surpassingly +excellent from its intimate union and subordination +to the soul, so as almost to be its simple expression; +yet this choicest, rarest specimen of Almighty skill, +the Almighty had pitilessly shattered, in order that it +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page375">[pg 375]</span><a name="Pg375" id="Pg375" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>might inherit a higher, an eternal perfection. O +mystery of mysteries, that heaven should not be +possibly obtained without such grinding down and +breaking up of our original nature! O mysterious, +that principle in us, whatever it is, and however it +came there, which is so antagonistic to God, which +has so spoilt what seems so good, that all must be +undone, and must begin anew! <span class="tei tei-q">“An enemy hath +done this;”</span> and, knowing as much as this, and no +more, we must leave the awful mystery to that day +when all things shall be made light. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Agellius has not been idle while these thoughts +pass through his mind. He has stooped down and +scooped up such portions of the sand as are moistened +with her blood, and has committed them to a +small bag which he has taken out of his bosom. +Then without delay, looking round to his attendants, +and signing to them, with two of the party he resolutely +crossed over to the other side of the corpse, +covering it from attack, while his two assistants who +were left proceeded quickly to lay hold of it. They +had raised it, laid it on the bier, and were setting off +by an unusual track across the waste, while Agellius, +Aspar, and the third were grappling with some +ruffians who had rushed upon them. Few, however, +were there as yet to take part against them, but their +cries of alarm were bringing others up, and the Christians +were in growing danger of being worsted and +carried off, when suddenly the soldiers interfered. +Under pretence of keeping the peace, they laid about +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page376">[pg 376]</span><a name="Pg376" id="Pg376" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>them with their heavy maces; and so it was, the blows +took effect on the heads and shoulders of the rabble, +with but slight injury to Agellius and his companions. +The latter took instant advantage of the diversion, +and vanished out of view by the same misleading +track which their comrades had already chosen. If +they, or the party who had preceded them, came +within the range of sight of any goatherds upon the +mountains, we must suppose that angels held those +heathen eyes that they should not recognise them. +</p> + +</div><hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page377">[pg 377]</span><a name="Pg377" id="Pg377" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> +<a name="toc71" id="toc71"></a><a name="pdf72" id="pdf72"></a> +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.88em; margin-top: 2.88em"><span style="font-size: 144%">CHAPTER XXXVI.</span></h2> + +<h2 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 2.40em; margin-top: 2.40em"><span style="font-size: 120%">LUX PERPETUA SANCTIS TUIS, DOMINE.</span></h2> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The bier and its bearers, and its protectors, have +reached the cave in safety, and pace down the gallery, +preceded by its Christian hosts, with lighted tapers, +singing psalms. They place the sacred body before +the altar, and the mass begins. St. Cyprian celebrates, +and after the Gospel, he adds a few words of +his own. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +He said that they were engaged in praising, blessing, +and exalting the adorable Grace of God, which +had snatched so marvellously a brand out of the furnace. +Benedicamus Patrem et Filium cum Sancto +Spiritu. Benedictus, et laudabilis, et gloriosus, et +superexaltatus in sæcula. Every day doing marvels +and exceeding all that seemed possible in power and +love, by new and still newer manifestations. A Greek +had come to Africa to embellish the shrines of +heathenism, to minister to the usurpation of the evil +one, and to strengthen the old ties which connected +genius with sin; and she had suddenly found salvation. +But yesterday a poor child of earth, and to-day +an inhabitant of the heavens. But yesterday +without God and without hope; and to-day a martyr +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page378">[pg 378]</span><a name="Pg378" id="Pg378" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>with a green palm and golden vestment, worshipping +before the Throne. But yesterday the slave of Satan, +and spending herself on the vanities of time; and to-day +drinking of the never-cloying torrents of bliss +everlasting. But yesterday one of a number, a grain +of a vast heap, destined indiscriminately for the +flame; to-day one of the elect souls, written from +eternity in the book of life, and predestined to glory. +But yesterday, hungry and thirsty, and restless for +some object worthy an immortal spirit; to-day enjoying +the ineffable ecstasy of the Marriage Feast +and the espousals of Emmanuel. But yesterday +tossed about on a sea of opinion; and to-day +entranced in the vision of infallible truth and immutable +sanctity. And yet what was she but only one +instance out of ten thousand, of the Almighty and +All-manifold Grace of the Redeemer? And who +was there of all of them, there assembled, from the +most heroic down to the humblest beginner, from the +authoritative preacher down to the slave or peasant, +but was equally, though in his own way, a miracle of +mercy, and a vessel, once of wrath, if now of glory? +Only might he and all who heard him persevere as +they had begun, so that if (as was so probable) their +trial was to be like hers, its issue might be like hers +also. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +St. Cyprian ceased; and, while the deacon opened +the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">sindon</span></span> for the offertory, the faithful took up alternately +the verses of a hymn, which we here insert in +a most unworthy translation:— +</p> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page379">[pg 379]</span><a name="Pg379" id="Pg379" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">The number of Thine own complete,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Sum up and make an end;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Sift clean the chaff, and house the wheat,—</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">And then, O Lord, descend.</span></div> + +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Descend, and solve by that descent,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">This mystery of life;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Where good and ill, together blent,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Wage an undying strife.</span></div> +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">For rivers twain are gushing still,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">And pour a mingled flood;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Good in the very depths of ill—</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Ill in the heart of good.</span></div> +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">The last are first, the first are last,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">As angel eyes behold;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">These from the sheepcote sternly cast,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Those welcomed to the fold.</span></div> +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">No Christian home, no pastor’s eye,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">No preacher’s vocal zeal,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Moved Thy dear martyr to defy</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">The prison and the wheel.</span></div> +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Forth from the heathen ranks she stepped</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">The forfeit throne to claim</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Of Christian souls who had not kept</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Their birthright and their name.</span></div> +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Grace formed her out of sinful dust;</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">She knelt a soul defiled;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">She rose in all the faith and trust</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">And sweetness of a child.</span></div> +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">And in the freshness of that love</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">She preached by word and deed,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">The mysteries of the world above—</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Her new-found glorious creed.</span></div> +</div><div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> + <div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">And running, in a little hour,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Of life the course complete,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">She reached the throne of endless power,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">And sits at </span><a name="corr379" id="corr379" class="tei tei-anchor" style="text-align: left"></a><span class="tei tei-corr" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">Jesus’</span></span><span style="font-size: 80%"> feet.</span></div> +</div> + +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page380">[pg 380]</span><a name="Pg380" id="Pg380" class="tei tei-anchor"></a> + +<div class="tei tei-lg" style="margin-bottom: 0.80em; margin-left: 1.60em; margin-top: 0.80em"> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">“</span><span style="font-size: 80%">Her spirit there, her body here,</span></span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span style="font-size: 80%">Make one the earth and sky;</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">We use her name, we touch her bier,</span></div> +<div class="tei tei-l" style="text-align: left; margin-left: 1.60em"><span class="tei tei-q" style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 80%">We know her God is nigh.</span><span style="font-size: 80%">”</span></span></div> +</div> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The last sentiment of the yet unfinished hymn was +receiving an answer while they sang it. Juba had +been brought into the chapel in the hands of his +brother and the exorcists. Since he had been under +their care, he had been, on the whole, calm and manageable, +with intervals of wild tempest and mad terror. +He spoke, at times, of an awful incubus weighing on +his chest, which he could not throw off, and said he +hoped that they would not think all the blasphemies +he uttered were his own. On this occasion, he struggled +most violently, and shook with distress; and, as +they brought him towards the sacred relics, a thick, +cold dew stood upon his brow, and his features shrank +and collapsed. He held back, and exerted himself +with all his might to escape, foaming at the mouth, +and from time to time uttering loud shrieks and horrible +words, which disturbed, though they could not +interrupt, the hymn. His bearers persevered; they +brought him close to Callista, and made him touch +her feet with his hands. Immediately he screamed +fearfully, and was sent up into the air with such force +that he seemed discharged from some engine of war: +then he fell back upon the earth apparently lifeless. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +The long prayer was ended; the <span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Sursum corda</span></span> was +uttered. Juba raised himself from the ground. When +the words of consecration had been said, he adored +with the faithful. After the mass, his attendants +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page381">[pg 381]</span><a name="Pg381" id="Pg381" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>came to him; he was quite changed; he was quiet, +harmless, and silent: the evil spirit had gone out; +but he was an idiot. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +This wonderful deliverance was but the beginning +of the miracles which followed the martyrdom of St. +Callista. It may be said to have been the resurrection +of the Church at Sicca. In not many months Decius +was killed, and the persecution ceased there. Castus +was appointed bishop, and numbers began to pour +into the fold. The lapsed asked for peace, or at least +such blessings as they could have. Heathens sought +to be received. When asked for their reason, they +could only say that Callista’s history and death had +affected them with constraining force, and that they +could not help following her steps. Increasing in +boldness, as well as numbers, the Christians cowed +both magistrates and mob. The spirit of the populace +had been already broken; and the continual change +of masters, and measures with them, in the imperial +government, inflicted a chronic timidity on the magistracy. +A handsome church was soon built, to which +Callista’s body was brought, and which remained till +the time of the Diocletian persecution. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +Juba attached himself to this church; and, though +he could not be taught even to sweep the sacred +pavement, still he never was troublesome or mischievous. +He continued in this state for about ten +years. At the end of that time, one morning, after +mass, which he always attended in the church porch, +he suddenly went to the bishop, and asked for +<span class="tei tei-pb" id="page382">[pg 382]</span><a name="Pg382" id="Pg382" class="tei tei-anchor"></a>baptism. He said that Callista had appeared to him, +and had restored to him his mind. On conversing +with him, the holy Castus found that his recovery +was beyond all doubt: and not knowing how long +his lucid state would last, he had no hesitation, with +such instruction as the time admitted, in administering +the sacred rite, as Juba wished. After receiving it, +he proceeded to the tomb, within which lay St. Callista, +and remained on his knees before his benefactress till +nightfall. Not even then was he disposed to rise; +and so he was left there for the night. Next morning +he was found still in the attitude of prayer, but lifeless. +He had been taken away in his baptismal robe. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 0.25em"> +As to Agellius, if he be the bishop of that name +who suffered at Sicca in his old age, in the persecution +of Diocletian, we are possessed in this circumstance +of a most interesting fact to terminate his history +withal. What makes this more likely is, that this +bishop is recorded to have removed the body of +St. Callista from its original position, and placed it +under the high altar, at which he said mass daily. +After his own martyrdom, St. Agellius was placed +under the high altar also. +</p> + +<p class="tei tei-trailer" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 1.80em"><span style="font-size: 90%"> +THE END. +</span></p> + +<p class="tei tei-trailer" style="text-align: center; margin-top: 1.62em"><span style="font-size: 81%"> +THE ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS LIMITED +</span></p> + </div></div> + <div class="tei tei-back" style="margin-bottom: 2.00em; margin-top: 6.00em"> +<div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + + + + <hr class="page" /><div class="tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 4.00em; margin-top: 4.00em"> + <a name="toc73" id="toc73"></a> + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Footnotes</span></h1> + <dl class="tei tei-list-footnotes"><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_1" name="note_1" href="#noteref_1">1.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext"><span class="tei tei-hi"><span style="font-style: italic">Vide</span></span> Oxford transl. of St. Cyprian.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_2" name="note_2" href="#noteref_2">2.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Here is an anachronism, as regards Arnobius and Lactantius +of some twenty or thirty years.</dd><dt class="tei tei-notelabel"><a id="note_3" name="note_3" href="#noteref_3">3.</a></dt><dd class="tei tei-notetext">Bacon.</dd></dl> + </div> + + +</div> +<hr class="doublepage" /><div class="boxed tei tei-div" style="margin-bottom: 5.00em; margin-top: 5.00em"> + <a name="toc74" id="toc74"></a><a name="pdf75" id="pdf75"></a> + <h1 class="tei tei-head" style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 3.46em; margin-top: 3.46em"><span style="font-size: 173%">Transcriber’s Note</span></h1> + + + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The author’s footnotes have been moved to the end of the volume.</p> + + + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">The following typographical errors were corrected:</p> + <table summary="This is a list." class="tei tei-list" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em; margin-top: 1.00em"><tbody><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr010" class="tei tei-ref">page 10</a>, single quote changed to double quote after <span class="tei tei-q">“pilum,”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr034" class="tei tei-ref">page 34</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“off?”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“off!”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr042" class="tei tei-ref">page 42</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“tomatos”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“tomatoes”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr069" class="tei tei-ref">page 69</a>, comma removed after <span class="tei tei-q">“spirit”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr135" class="tei tei-ref">page 135</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“lees”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“less”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr137" class="tei tei-ref">page 137</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“do!”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“do?”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr157" class="tei tei-ref">page 157</a>, single quote changed to double quote after <span class="tei tei-q">“stronger,”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr181" class="tei tei-ref">page 181</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“aud”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“and”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr201" class="tei tei-ref">page 201</a>, period changed to question mark after <span class="tei tei-q">“Carthage”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr207" class="tei tei-ref">page 207</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“throughont”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“throughout”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr228" class="tei tei-ref">page 228</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“Saturu”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“Saturn”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr230" class="tei tei-ref">page 230</a>, period added after <span class="tei tei-q">“best”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr232" class="tei tei-ref">page 232</a>, period added after <span class="tei tei-q">“again”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr239" class="tei tei-ref">page 239</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“ou”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“on”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr240" class="tei tei-ref">page 240</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“be”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“he”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr248" class="tei tei-ref">page 248</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“you”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“your”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr255" class="tei tei-ref">page 255</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“to”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“too”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr256" class="tei tei-ref">page 256</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“n”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“in”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr263" class="tei tei-ref">page 263</a>, period changed to comma after <span class="tei tei-q">“said”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr278" class="tei tei-ref">page 278</a>, period changed to question mark after <span class="tei tei-q">“it”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr300" class="tei tei-ref">page 300</a>, period added after <span class="tei tei-q">“gods”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr303" class="tei tei-ref">page 303</a>, single quote added after <span class="tei tei-q">“do?”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr310" class="tei tei-ref">page 310</a>, quote removed before <span class="tei tei-q">“If”</span>, + <a href="#corr310a" class="tei tei-ref">added</a> before <span class="tei tei-q">“it”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr313" class="tei tei-ref">page 313</a>, comma changed to period after <span class="tei tei-q">“was”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr333" class="tei tei-ref">page 333</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“corrider”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“corridor”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr347" class="tei tei-ref">page 347</a>, comma changed to period after <span class="tei tei-q">“initiation”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr348" class="tei tei-ref">page 348</a>, period added after <span class="tei tei-q">“voice”</span></td></tr><tr class="tei tei-labelitem"><th class="tei tei-label"></th><td class="tei tei-item"><a href="#corr379" class="tei tei-ref">page 379</a>, <span class="tei tei-q">“Jesu's”</span> changed to <span class="tei tei-q">“Jesus’”</span></td></tr></tbody></table> + <p class="tei tei-p" style="margin-bottom: 1.00em">Variations in spelling (like <span class="tei tei-q">“jailer”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“jailor”</span>, <span class="tei tei-q">“Asper”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Aspar”</span>, <span class="tei tei-q">“Phenician”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Phœnician”</span>, + <span class="tei tei-q">“Thibursicumber”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“Thibursicumbur”</span>) and hyphenation + (e.g. <span class="tei tei-q">“farm-house”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“farmhouse”</span>, + <span class="tei tei-q">“goodwill”</span> and <span class="tei tei-q">“good-will”</span>) were not changed.</p> +</div></div> + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Callista by John Henry Cardinal Newman + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALLISTA *** + +***** This file should be named 30664-h.htm or 30664-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/6/6/30664/ + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will +be renamed. + +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law 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/Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1743 0 R +/Kids [484 0 R 489 0 R 494 0 R 498 0 R 502 0 R 507 0 R] +>> endobj +515 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1743 0 R +/Kids [511 0 R 517 0 R 521 0 R 525 0 R 533 0 R 537 0 R] +>> endobj +545 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1743 0 R +/Kids [541 0 R 547 0 R 551 0 R 555 0 R 560 0 R 564 0 R] +>> endobj +570 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1743 0 R +/Kids [568 0 R 576 0 R 580 0 R 584 0 R 589 0 R 593 0 R] +>> endobj +601 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1744 0 R +/Kids [597 0 R 603 0 R 607 0 R 611 0 R 616 0 R 623 0 R] +>> endobj +632 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1744 0 R +/Kids [628 0 R 634 0 R 639 0 R 643 0 R 647 0 R 652 0 R] +>> endobj +658 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1744 0 R +/Kids [656 0 R 664 0 R 668 0 R 672 0 R 677 0 R 681 0 R] +>> endobj +689 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1744 0 R +/Kids [685 0 R 691 0 R 695 0 R 700 0 R 704 0 R 709 0 R] +>> endobj +719 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1744 0 R +/Kids [716 0 R 721 0 R 725 0 R 730 0 R 734 0 R 738 0 R] +>> endobj +745 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1744 0 R +/Kids [743 0 R 751 0 R 755 0 R 759 0 R 764 0 R 768 0 R] +>> endobj +776 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1745 0 R +/Kids [773 0 R 778 0 R 782 0 R 789 0 R 793 0 R 797 0 R] +>> endobj +806 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1745 0 R +/Kids [803 0 R 808 0 R 813 0 R 817 0 R 821 0 R 829 0 R] +>> endobj +836 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1745 0 R +/Kids [833 0 R 838 0 R 843 0 R 847 0 R 851 0 R 856 0 R] +>> endobj +867 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1745 0 R +/Kids [864 0 R 869 0 R 874 0 R 879 0 R 883 0 R 887 0 R] +>> endobj +896 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1745 0 R +/Kids [892 0 R 898 0 R 902 0 R 907 0 R 914 0 R 918 0 R] +>> endobj +926 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1745 0 R +/Kids [922 0 R 928 0 R 932 0 R 936 0 R 941 0 R 945 0 R] +>> endobj +953 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1746 0 R +/Kids [950 0 R 955 0 R 963 0 R 967 0 R 972 0 R 976 0 R] +>> endobj +985 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1746 0 R +/Kids [982 0 R 987 0 R 992 0 R 1000 0 R 1004 0 R 1008 0 R] +>> endobj +1021 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1746 0 R +/Kids [1016 0 R 1023 0 R 1027 0 R 1032 0 R 1036 0 R 1040 0 R] +>> endobj +1049 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1746 0 R +/Kids [1045 0 R 1051 0 R 1056 0 R 1060 0 R 1064 0 R 1069 0 R] +>> endobj +1082 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1746 0 R +/Kids [1078 0 R 1084 0 R 1088 0 R 1093 0 R 1097 0 R 1101 0 R] +>> endobj +1110 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1746 0 R +/Kids [1105 0 R 1116 0 R 1120 0 R 1124 0 R 1129 0 R 1133 0 R] +>> endobj +1140 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1747 0 R +/Kids [1137 0 R 1146 0 R 1150 0 R 1154 0 R 1159 0 R 1164 0 R] +>> endobj +1175 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1747 0 R +/Kids [1172 0 R 1177 0 R 1181 0 R 1185 0 R 1190 0 R 1194 0 R] +>> endobj +1202 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1747 0 R +/Kids [1199 0 R 1204 0 R 1211 0 R 1215 0 R 1219 0 R 1224 0 R] +>> endobj +1231 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1747 0 R +/Kids [1228 0 R 1233 0 R 1238 0 R 1242 0 R 1248 0 R 1252 0 R] +>> endobj +1264 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1747 0 R +/Kids [1261 0 R 1266 0 R 1270 0 R 1275 0 R 1280 0 R 1285 0 R] +>> endobj +1294 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1747 0 R +/Kids [1290 0 R 1296 0 R 1300 0 R 1308 0 R 1312 0 R 1316 0 R] +>> endobj +1324 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1748 0 R +/Kids [1321 0 R 1326 0 R 1331 0 R 1335 0 R 1339 0 R 1344 0 R] +>> endobj +1354 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1748 0 R +/Kids [1351 0 R 1356 0 R 1360 0 R 1365 0 R 1370 0 R 1374 0 R] +>> endobj +1382 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1748 0 R +/Kids [1379 0 R 1384 0 R 1388 0 R 1393 0 R 1401 0 R 1405 0 R] +>> endobj +1413 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1748 0 R +/Kids [1409 0 R 1415 0 R 1420 0 R 1425 0 R 1430 0 R 1437 0 R] +>> endobj +1444 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1748 0 R +/Kids [1441 0 R 1446 0 R 1451 0 R 1458 0 R 1462 0 R 1466 0 R] +>> endobj +1474 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1748 0 R +/Kids [1471 0 R 1476 0 R 1480 0 R 1484 0 R 1492 0 R 1496 0 R] +>> endobj +1504 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1749 0 R +/Kids [1500 0 R 1506 0 R 1513 0 R 1517 0 R 1521 0 R 1526 0 R] +>> endobj +1537 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1749 0 R +/Kids [1534 0 R 1539 0 R 1543 0 R 1548 0 R 1552 0 R 1556 0 R] +>> endobj +1594 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1749 0 R +/Kids [1592 0 R 1596 0 R 1599 0 R 1603 0 R 1610 0 R 1613 0 R] +>> endobj +1624 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1749 0 R +/Kids [1621 0 R 1633 0 R 1641 0 R 1651 0 R 1658 0 R 1667 0 R] +>> endobj +1680 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 6 +/Parent 1749 0 R +/Kids [1674 0 R 1686 0 R 1692 0 R 1700 0 R 1707 0 R 1711 0 R] +>> endobj +1718 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 2 +/Parent 1749 0 R +/Kids [1715 0 R 1721 0 R] +>> endobj +1741 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 36 +/Parent 1750 0 R +/Kids [8 0 R 32 0 R 133 0 R 161 0 R 192 0 R 222 0 R] +>> endobj +1742 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 36 +/Parent 1750 0 R +/Kids [252 0 R 282 0 R 312 0 R 341 0 R 372 0 R 400 0 R] +>> endobj +1743 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 36 +/Parent 1750 0 R +/Kids [430 0 R 457 0 R 487 0 R 515 0 R 545 0 R 570 0 R] +>> endobj +1744 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 36 +/Parent 1750 0 R +/Kids [601 0 R 632 0 R 658 0 R 689 0 R 719 0 R 745 0 R] +>> endobj +1745 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 36 +/Parent 1750 0 R +/Kids [776 0 R 806 0 R 836 0 R 867 0 R 896 0 R 926 0 R] +>> endobj +1746 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 36 +/Parent 1750 0 R +/Kids [953 0 R 985 0 R 1021 0 R 1049 0 R 1082 0 R 1110 0 R] +>> endobj +1747 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 36 +/Parent 1751 0 R +/Kids [1140 0 R 1175 0 R 1202 0 R 1231 0 R 1264 0 R 1294 0 R] +>> endobj +1748 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 36 +/Parent 1751 0 R +/Kids [1324 0 R 1354 0 R 1382 0 R 1413 0 R 1444 0 R 1474 0 R] +>> endobj +1749 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 32 +/Parent 1751 0 R +/Kids [1504 0 R 1537 0 R 1594 0 R 1624 0 R 1680 0 R 1718 0 R] +>> endobj +1750 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 216 +/Parent 1752 0 R +/Kids [1741 0 R 1742 0 R 1743 0 R 1744 0 R 1745 0 R 1746 0 R] +>> endobj +1751 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 104 +/Parent 1752 0 R +/Kids [1747 0 R 1748 0 R 1749 0 R] +>> endobj +1752 0 obj << +/Type /Pages +/Count 320 +/Kids [1750 0 R 1751 0 R] +>> endobj +1753 0 obj << +/Type /Outlines +/First 127 0 R +/Last 1627 0 R +/Count 40 +>> endobj +1627 0 obj << +/Title 1628 0 R +/A 1625 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1617 0 R +>> endobj +1617 0 obj << +/Title 1618 0 R +/A 1615 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1607 0 R +/Next 1627 0 R +>> endobj +1607 0 obj << +/Title 1608 0 R +/A 1605 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1560 0 R +/Next 1617 0 R +>> endobj +1560 0 obj << +/Title 1561 0 R +/A 1558 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1531 0 R +/Next 1607 0 R +>> endobj +1531 0 obj << +/Title 1532 0 R +/A 1529 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1510 0 R +/Next 1560 0 R +>> endobj +1510 0 obj << +/Title 1511 0 R +/A 1508 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1489 0 R +/Next 1531 0 R +>> endobj +1489 0 obj << +/Title 1490 0 R +/A 1487 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1455 0 R +/Next 1510 0 R +>> endobj +1455 0 obj << +/Title 1456 0 R +/A 1453 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1434 0 R +/Next 1489 0 R +>> endobj +1434 0 obj << +/Title 1435 0 R +/A 1432 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1398 0 R +/Next 1455 0 R +>> endobj +1398 0 obj << +/Title 1399 0 R +/A 1396 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1348 0 R +/Next 1434 0 R +>> endobj +1348 0 obj << +/Title 1349 0 R +/A 1346 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1305 0 R +/Next 1398 0 R +>> endobj +1305 0 obj << +/Title 1306 0 R +/A 1303 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1258 0 R +/Next 1348 0 R +>> endobj +1258 0 obj << +/Title 1259 0 R +/A 1256 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1208 0 R +/Next 1305 0 R +>> endobj +1208 0 obj << +/Title 1209 0 R +/A 1206 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1169 0 R +/Next 1258 0 R +>> endobj +1169 0 obj << +/Title 1170 0 R +/A 1167 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1143 0 R +/Next 1208 0 R +>> endobj +1143 0 obj << +/Title 1144 0 R +/A 1141 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1113 0 R +/Next 1169 0 R +>> endobj +1113 0 obj << +/Title 1114 0 R +/A 1111 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1075 0 R +/Next 1143 0 R +>> endobj +1075 0 obj << +/Title 1076 0 R +/A 1073 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 1013 0 R +/Next 1113 0 R +>> endobj +1013 0 obj << +/Title 1014 0 R +/A 1011 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 997 0 R +/Next 1075 0 R +>> endobj +997 0 obj << +/Title 998 0 R +/A 995 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 960 0 R +/Next 1013 0 R +>> endobj +960 0 obj << +/Title 961 0 R +/A 958 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 911 0 R +/Next 997 0 R +>> endobj +911 0 obj << +/Title 912 0 R +/A 909 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 861 0 R +/Next 960 0 R +>> endobj +861 0 obj << +/Title 862 0 R +/A 859 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 826 0 R +/Next 911 0 R +>> endobj +826 0 obj << +/Title 827 0 R +/A 824 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 786 0 R +/Next 861 0 R +>> endobj +786 0 obj << +/Title 787 0 R +/A 784 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 748 0 R +/Next 826 0 R +>> endobj +748 0 obj << +/Title 749 0 R +/A 746 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 713 0 R +/Next 786 0 R +>> endobj +713 0 obj << +/Title 714 0 R +/A 711 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 661 0 R +/Next 748 0 R +>> endobj +661 0 obj << +/Title 662 0 R +/A 659 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 620 0 R +/Next 713 0 R +>> endobj +620 0 obj << +/Title 621 0 R +/A 618 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 573 0 R +/Next 661 0 R +>> endobj +573 0 obj << +/Title 574 0 R +/A 571 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 530 0 R +/Next 620 0 R +>> endobj +530 0 obj << +/Title 531 0 R +/A 528 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 464 0 R +/Next 573 0 R +>> endobj +464 0 obj << +/Title 465 0 R +/A 462 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 420 0 R +/Next 530 0 R +>> endobj +420 0 obj << +/Title 421 0 R +/A 418 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 362 0 R +/Next 464 0 R +>> endobj +362 0 obj << +/Title 363 0 R +/A 360 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 318 0 R +/Next 420 0 R +>> endobj +318 0 obj << +/Title 319 0 R +/A 316 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 272 0 R +/Next 362 0 R +>> endobj +272 0 obj << +/Title 273 0 R +/A 270 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 237 0 R +/Next 318 0 R +>> endobj +237 0 obj << +/Title 238 0 R +/A 235 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 216 0 R +/Next 272 0 R +>> endobj +216 0 obj << +/Title 217 0 R +/A 214 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 177 0 R +/Next 237 0 R +>> endobj +177 0 obj << +/Title 178 0 R +/A 175 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Prev 127 0 R +/Next 216 0 R +>> endobj +127 0 obj << +/Title 128 0 R +/A 125 0 R +/Parent 1753 0 R +/Next 177 0 R +>> endobj +1754 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg001) 83 0 R (Pg002) 132 0 R (Pg003) 137 0 R (Pg004) 141 0 R (Pg005) 146 0 R (Pg006) 147 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg001) (Pg006)] +>> endobj +1755 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg007) 151 0 R (Pg008) 155 0 R (Pg009) 159 0 R (Pg010) 160 0 R (Pg011) 166 0 R (Pg012) 170 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg007) (Pg012)] +>> endobj +1756 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg013) 174 0 R (Pg014) 84 0 R (Pg015) 182 0 R (Pg016) 186 0 R (Pg017) 190 0 R (Pg018) 191 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg013) (Pg018)] +>> endobj +1757 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg019) 196 0 R (Pg020) 200 0 R (Pg021) 204 0 R (Pg022) 205 0 R (Pg023) 209 0 R (Pg024) 213 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg019) (Pg024)] +>> endobj +1758 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg025) 85 0 R (Pg026) 221 0 R (Pg027) 226 0 R (Pg028) 230 0 R (Pg029) 231 0 R (Pg030) 86 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg025) (Pg030)] +>> endobj +1759 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg031) 242 0 R (Pg032) 246 0 R (Pg033) 250 0 R (Pg034) 251 0 R (Pg035) 257 0 R (Pg036) 261 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg031) (Pg036)] +>> endobj +1760 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg037) 265 0 R (Pg038) 266 0 R (Pg039) 87 0 R (Pg040) 277 0 R (Pg041) 281 0 R (Pg042) 286 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg037) (Pg042)] +>> endobj +1761 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg043) 288 0 R (Pg044) 292 0 R (Pg045) 296 0 R (Pg046) 301 0 R (Pg047) 302 0 R (Pg048) 306 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg043) (Pg048)] +>> endobj +1762 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg049) 310 0 R (Pg050) 311 0 R (Pg051) 88 0 R (Pg052) 323 0 R (Pg053) 327 0 R (Pg054) 331 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg049) (Pg054)] +>> endobj +1763 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg055) 332 0 R (Pg056) 336 0 R (Pg057) 340 0 R (Pg058) 345 0 R (Pg059) 346 0 R (Pg060) 350 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg055) (Pg060)] +>> endobj +1764 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg061) 354 0 R (Pg062) 355 0 R (Pg063) 359 0 R (Pg064) 89 0 R (Pg065) 367 0 R (Pg066) 371 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg061) (Pg066)] +>> endobj +1765 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg067) 376 0 R (Pg068) 380 0 R (Pg069) 381 0 R (Pg070) 386 0 R (Pg071) 390 0 R (Pg072) 394 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg067) (Pg072)] +>> endobj +1766 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg073) 395 0 R (Pg074) 399 0 R (Pg075) 404 0 R (Pg076) 408 0 R (Pg077) 409 0 R (Pg078) 413 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg073) (Pg078)] +>> endobj +1767 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg079) 417 0 R (Pg080) 90 0 R (Pg081) 425 0 R (Pg082) 429 0 R (Pg083) 434 0 R (Pg084) 435 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg079) (Pg084)] +>> endobj +1768 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg085) 439 0 R (Pg086) 443 0 R (Pg087) 447 0 R (Pg088) 448 0 R (Pg089) 452 0 R (Pg090) 456 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg085) (Pg090)] +>> endobj +1769 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg091) 461 0 R (Pg092) 91 0 R (Pg093) 469 0 R (Pg094) 473 0 R (Pg095) 477 0 R (Pg096) 478 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg091) (Pg096)] +>> endobj +1770 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg097) 482 0 R (Pg098) 486 0 R (Pg099) 491 0 R (Pg100) 492 0 R (Pg101) 496 0 R (Pg102) 500 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg097) (Pg102)] +>> endobj +1771 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg103) 504 0 R (Pg104) 505 0 R (Pg105) 509 0 R (Pg106) 513 0 R (Pg107) 514 0 R (Pg108) 519 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg103) (Pg108)] +>> endobj +1772 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg109) 523 0 R (Pg110) 527 0 R (Pg111) 92 0 R (Pg112) 535 0 R (Pg113) 539 0 R (Pg114) 543 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg109) (Pg114)] +>> endobj +1773 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg115) 544 0 R (Pg116) 549 0 R (Pg117) 553 0 R (Pg118) 557 0 R (Pg119) 558 0 R (Pg120) 562 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg115) (Pg120)] +>> endobj +1774 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg121) 566 0 R (Pg122) 93 0 R (Pg123) 578 0 R (Pg124) 582 0 R (Pg125) 586 0 R (Pg126) 587 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg121) (Pg126)] +>> endobj +1775 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg127) 591 0 R (Pg128) 595 0 R (Pg129) 599 0 R (Pg130) 600 0 R (Pg131) 605 0 R (Pg132) 609 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg127) (Pg132)] +>> endobj +1776 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg133) 613 0 R (Pg134) 614 0 R (Pg135) 94 0 R (Pg136) 626 0 R (Pg137) 630 0 R (Pg138) 636 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg133) (Pg138)] +>> endobj +1777 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg139) 637 0 R (Pg140) 641 0 R (Pg141) 645 0 R (Pg142) 649 0 R (Pg143) 650 0 R (Pg144) 654 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg139) (Pg144)] +>> endobj +1778 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg145) 95 0 R (Pg146) 666 0 R (Pg147) 670 0 R (Pg148) 674 0 R (Pg149) 675 0 R (Pg150) 679 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg145) (Pg150)] +>> endobj +1779 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg151) 683 0 R (Pg152) 687 0 R (Pg153) 688 0 R (Pg154) 693 0 R (Pg155) 697 0 R (Pg156) 698 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg151) (Pg156)] +>> endobj +1780 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg157) 702 0 R (Pg158) 707 0 R (Pg159) 96 0 R (Pg160) 718 0 R (Pg161) 723 0 R (Pg162) 727 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg157) (Pg162)] +>> endobj +1781 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg163) 728 0 R (Pg164) 732 0 R (Pg165) 736 0 R (Pg166) 740 0 R (Pg167) 741 0 R (Pg168) 97 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg163) (Pg168)] +>> endobj +1782 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg169) 753 0 R (Pg170) 757 0 R (Pg171) 761 0 R (Pg172) 762 0 R (Pg173) 766 0 R (Pg174) 770 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg169) (Pg174)] +>> endobj +1783 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg175) 771 0 R (Pg176) 775 0 R (Pg177) 780 0 R (Pg178) 98 0 R (Pg179) 791 0 R (Pg180) 795 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg175) (Pg180)] +>> endobj +1784 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg181) 799 0 R (Pg182) 801 0 R (Pg183) 805 0 R (Pg184) 810 0 R (Pg185) 811 0 R (Pg186) 815 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg181) (Pg186)] +>> endobj +1785 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg187) 819 0 R (Pg188) 823 0 R (Pg189) 99 0 R (Pg190) 831 0 R (Pg191) 835 0 R (Pg192) 840 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg187) (Pg192)] +>> endobj +1786 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg193) 841 0 R (Pg194) 845 0 R (Pg195) 849 0 R (Pg196) 853 0 R (Pg197) 854 0 R (Pg198) 858 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg193) (Pg198)] +>> endobj +1787 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg199) 100 0 R (Pg200) 866 0 R (Pg201) 871 0 R (Pg202) 876 0 R (Pg203) 877 0 R (Pg204) 881 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg199) (Pg204)] +>> endobj +1788 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg205) 885 0 R (Pg206) 889 0 R (Pg207) 890 0 R (Pg208) 895 0 R (Pg209) 900 0 R (Pg210) 904 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg205) (Pg210)] +>> endobj +1789 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg211) 905 0 R (Pg212) 101 0 R (Pg213) 916 0 R (Pg214) 920 0 R (Pg215) 924 0 R (Pg216) 925 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg211) (Pg216)] +>> endobj +1790 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg217) 930 0 R (Pg218) 934 0 R (Pg219) 938 0 R (Pg220) 939 0 R (Pg221) 943 0 R (Pg222) 947 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg217) (Pg222)] +>> endobj +1791 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg223) 948 0 R (Pg224) 952 0 R (Pg225) 957 0 R (Pg226) 102 0 R (Pg227) 965 0 R (Pg228) 969 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg223) (Pg228)] +>> endobj +1792 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg229) 974 0 R (Pg230) 978 0 R (Pg231) 980 0 R (Pg232) 984 0 R (Pg233) 990 0 R (Pg234) 994 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg229) (Pg234)] +>> endobj +1793 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg235) 103 0 R (Pg236) 1002 0 R (Pg237) 1006 0 R (Pg238) 1010 0 R (Pg239) 104 0 R (Pg240) 1019 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg235) (Pg240)] +>> endobj +1794 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg241) 1025 0 R (Pg242) 1029 0 R (Pg243) 1030 0 R (Pg244) 1034 0 R (Pg245) 1038 0 R (Pg246) 1042 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg241) (Pg246)] +>> endobj +1795 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg247) 1043 0 R (Pg248) 1047 0 R (Pg249) 1053 0 R (Pg250) 1054 0 R (Pg251) 1058 0 R (Pg252) 1062 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg247) (Pg252)] +>> endobj +1796 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg253) 1066 0 R (Pg254) 1067 0 R (Pg255) 1071 0 R (Pg256) 105 0 R (Pg257) 1081 0 R (Pg258) 1086 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg253) (Pg258)] +>> endobj +1797 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg259) 1090 0 R (Pg260) 1091 0 R (Pg261) 1095 0 R (Pg262) 1099 0 R (Pg263) 1103 0 R (Pg264) 1108 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg259) (Pg264)] +>> endobj +1798 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg265) 1109 0 R (Pg266) 109 0 R (Pg267) 1118 0 R (Pg268) 1122 0 R (Pg269) 1126 0 R (Pg270) 1127 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg265) (Pg270)] +>> endobj +1799 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg271) 1131 0 R (Pg272) 1135 0 R (Pg273) 1139 0 R (Pg274) 110 0 R (Pg275) 1148 0 R (Pg276) 1152 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg271) (Pg276)] +>> endobj +1800 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg277) 1156 0 R (Pg278) 1157 0 R (Pg279) 1162 0 R (Pg280) 1166 0 R (Pg281) 111 0 R (Pg282) 1174 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg277) (Pg282)] +>> endobj +1801 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg283) 1179 0 R (Pg284) 1183 0 R (Pg285) 1187 0 R (Pg286) 1188 0 R (Pg287) 1192 0 R (Pg288) 1196 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg283) (Pg288)] +>> endobj +1802 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg289) 1197 0 R (Pg290) 1201 0 R (Pg291) 112 0 R (Pg292) 1213 0 R (Pg293) 1217 0 R (Pg294) 1221 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg289) (Pg294)] +>> endobj +1803 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg295) 1222 0 R (Pg296) 1226 0 R (Pg297) 1230 0 R (Pg298) 1235 0 R (Pg299) 1236 0 R (Pg300) 1240 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg295) (Pg300)] +>> endobj +1804 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg301) 1245 0 R (Pg302) 1246 0 R (Pg303) 1250 0 R (Pg304) 1255 0 R (Pg305) 113 0 R (Pg306) 1263 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg301) (Pg306)] +>> endobj +1805 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg307) 1268 0 R (Pg308) 1272 0 R (Pg309) 1273 0 R (Pg310) 1277 0 R (Pg311) 1283 0 R (Pg312) 1287 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg307) (Pg312)] +>> endobj +1806 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg313) 1288 0 R (Pg314) 1293 0 R (Pg315) 1298 0 R (Pg316) 1302 0 R (Pg317) 114 0 R (Pg318) 1310 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg313) (Pg318)] +>> endobj +1807 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg319) 1314 0 R (Pg320) 1318 0 R (Pg321) 1319 0 R (Pg322) 1323 0 R (Pg323) 1328 0 R (Pg324) 1329 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg319) (Pg324)] +>> endobj +1808 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg325) 1333 0 R (Pg326) 1337 0 R (Pg327) 1341 0 R (Pg328) 1342 0 R (Pg329) 115 0 R (Pg330) 1353 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg325) (Pg330)] +>> endobj +1809 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg331) 1358 0 R (Pg332) 1362 0 R (Pg333) 1363 0 R (Pg334) 1368 0 R (Pg335) 1372 0 R (Pg336) 1376 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg331) (Pg336)] +>> endobj +1810 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg337) 1377 0 R (Pg338) 1381 0 R (Pg339) 1386 0 R (Pg340) 1390 0 R (Pg341) 1391 0 R (Pg342) 1395 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg337) (Pg342)] +>> endobj +1811 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg343) 116 0 R (Pg344) 1403 0 R (Pg345) 1407 0 R (Pg346) 1411 0 R (Pg347) 1412 0 R (Pg348) 1418 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg343) (Pg348)] +>> endobj +1812 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg349) 1423 0 R (Pg350) 1427 0 R (Pg351) 1428 0 R (Pg352) 117 0 R (Pg353) 1439 0 R (Pg354) 1443 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg349) (Pg354)] +>> endobj +1813 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg355) 1448 0 R (Pg356) 1449 0 R (Pg357) 118 0 R (Pg358) 1460 0 R (Pg359) 1464 0 R (Pg360) 1468 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg355) (Pg360)] +>> endobj +1814 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg361) 1469 0 R (Pg362) 1473 0 R (Pg363) 1478 0 R (Pg364) 1482 0 R (Pg365) 1486 0 R (Pg366) 119 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg361) (Pg366)] +>> endobj +1815 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg367) 1494 0 R (Pg368) 1498 0 R (Pg369) 1502 0 R (Pg370) 1503 0 R (Pg371) 120 0 R (Pg372) 1515 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg367) (Pg372)] +>> endobj +1816 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg373) 1519 0 R (Pg374) 1523 0 R (Pg375) 1524 0 R (Pg376) 1528 0 R (Pg377) 121 0 R (Pg378) 1536 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg373) (Pg378)] +>> endobj +1817 0 obj << +/Names [(Pg379) 1541 0 R (Pg380) 1546 0 R (Pg381) 1550 0 R (Pg382) 1554 0 R (Pgix) 37 0 R (Pgvii) 30 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg379) (Pgvii)] +>> endobj +1818 0 obj << +/Names [(Pgviii) 31 0 R (Pgx) 41 0 R (Pgxi) 81 0 R (Pgxii) 82 0 R (corr010) 165 0 R (corr034) 256 0 R] +/Limits [(Pgviii) (corr034)] +>> endobj +1819 0 obj << +/Names [(corr042) 287 0 R (corr069) 385 0 R (corr135) 625 0 R (corr137) 631 0 R (corr157) 706 0 R (corr181) 800 0 R] +/Limits [(corr042) (corr181)] +>> endobj +1820 0 obj << +/Names [(corr201) 872 0 R (corr207) 894 0 R (corr228) 970 0 R (corr230) 979 0 R (corr232) 989 0 R (corr239) 1018 0 R] +/Limits [(corr201) (corr239)] +>> endobj +1821 0 obj << +/Names [(corr240) 1020 0 R (corr248) 1048 0 R (corr255) 1072 0 R (corr256) 1080 0 R (corr263) 1107 0 R (corr278) 1161 0 R] +/Limits [(corr240) (corr278)] +>> endobj +1822 0 obj << +/Names [(corr300) 1244 0 R (corr303) 1254 0 R (corr310) 1278 0 R (corr310a) 1282 0 R (corr313) 1292 0 R (corr333) 1367 0 R] +/Limits [(corr300) (corr333)] +>> endobj +1823 0 obj << +/Names [(corr347) 1417 0 R (corr348) 1422 0 R (corr379) 1545 0 R (index1) 126 0 R (index10) 529 0 R (index11) 572 0 R] +/Limits [(corr347) (index11)] +>> endobj +1824 0 obj << +/Names [(index12) 619 0 R (index13) 660 0 R (index14) 712 0 R (index15) 747 0 R (index16) 785 0 R (index17) 825 0 R] +/Limits [(index12) (index17)] +>> endobj +1825 0 obj << +/Names [(index18) 860 0 R (index19) 910 0 R (index2) 176 0 R (index20) 959 0 R (index21) 996 0 R (index22) 1012 0 R] +/Limits [(index18) (index22)] +>> endobj +1826 0 obj << +/Names [(index23) 1074 0 R (index24) 1112 0 R (index25) 1142 0 R (index26) 1168 0 R (index27) 1207 0 R (index28) 1257 0 R] +/Limits [(index23) (index28)] +>> endobj +1827 0 obj << +/Names [(index29) 1304 0 R (index3) 215 0 R (index30) 1347 0 R (index31) 1397 0 R (index32) 1433 0 R (index33) 1454 0 R] +/Limits [(index29) (index33)] +>> endobj +1828 0 obj << +/Names [(index34) 1488 0 R (index35) 1509 0 R (index36) 1530 0 R (index37) 1559 0 R (index38) 1606 0 R (index39) 1616 0 R] +/Limits [(index34) (index39)] +>> endobj 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(pglicense1F4)] +>> endobj +1834 0 obj << +/Names [(pglicense1F5) 1695 0 R (pglicense1F6) 1702 0 R (pglicense2) 1703 0 R (pglicense3) 1683 0 R (pglicense4) 1681 0 R (pglicense5) 1717 0 R] +/Limits [(pglicense1F5) (pglicense5)] +>> endobj +1835 0 obj << +/Kids [1754 0 R 1755 0 R 1756 0 R 1757 0 R 1758 0 R 1759 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg001) (Pg036)] +>> endobj +1836 0 obj << +/Kids [1760 0 R 1761 0 R 1762 0 R 1763 0 R 1764 0 R 1765 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg037) (Pg072)] +>> endobj +1837 0 obj << +/Kids [1766 0 R 1767 0 R 1768 0 R 1769 0 R 1770 0 R 1771 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg073) (Pg108)] +>> endobj +1838 0 obj << +/Kids [1772 0 R 1773 0 R 1774 0 R 1775 0 R 1776 0 R 1777 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg109) (Pg144)] +>> endobj +1839 0 obj << +/Kids [1778 0 R 1779 0 R 1780 0 R 1781 0 R 1782 0 R 1783 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg145) (Pg180)] +>> endobj +1840 0 obj << +/Kids [1784 0 R 1785 0 R 1786 0 R 1787 0 R 1788 0 R 1789 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg181) (Pg216)] +>> endobj +1841 0 obj << +/Kids [1790 0 R 1791 0 R 1792 0 R 1793 0 R 1794 0 R 1795 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg217) (Pg252)] +>> endobj +1842 0 obj << +/Kids [1796 0 R 1797 0 R 1798 0 R 1799 0 R 1800 0 R 1801 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg253) (Pg288)] +>> endobj +1843 0 obj << +/Kids [1802 0 R 1803 0 R 1804 0 R 1805 0 R 1806 0 R 1807 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg289) (Pg324)] +>> endobj +1844 0 obj << +/Kids [1808 0 R 1809 0 R 1810 0 R 1811 0 R 1812 0 R 1813 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg325) (Pg360)] +>> endobj +1845 0 obj << +/Kids [1814 0 R 1815 0 R 1816 0 R 1817 0 R 1818 0 R 1819 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg361) (corr181)] +>> endobj +1846 0 obj << +/Kids [1820 0 R 1821 0 R 1822 0 R 1823 0 R 1824 0 R 1825 0 R] +/Limits [(corr201) (index22)] +>> endobj +1847 0 obj << +/Kids [1826 0 R 1827 0 R 1828 0 R 1829 0 R 1830 0 R 1831 0 R] +/Limits [(index23) (pglicense1E2)] +>> endobj +1848 0 obj << +/Kids [1832 0 R 1833 0 R 1834 0 R] +/Limits [(pglicense1E3) (pglicense5)] +>> endobj +1849 0 obj << +/Kids [1835 0 R 1836 0 R 1837 0 R 1838 0 R 1839 0 R 1840 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg001) (Pg216)] +>> endobj +1850 0 obj << +/Kids [1841 0 R 1842 0 R 1843 0 R 1844 0 R 1845 0 R 1846 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg217) (index22)] +>> endobj +1851 0 obj << +/Kids [1847 0 R 1848 0 R] +/Limits [(index23) (pglicense5)] +>> endobj +1852 0 obj << +/Kids [1849 0 R 1850 0 R 1851 0 R] +/Limits [(Pg001) (pglicense5)] +>> endobj +1853 0 obj << +/Dests 1852 0 R +>> endobj +1854 0 obj << +/Type /Catalog +/Pages 1752 0 R +/Outlines 1753 0 R +/Names 1853 0 R +>> endobj +1855 0 obj << +/Producer (pdfTeX-1.40.3) + /Author (John Henry Cardinal Newman) /Title (Callista) +/Creator (TeX) +/CreationDate (D:20091213093057-08'00') +/ModDate (D:20091213093057-08'00') +/Trapped /False +/PTEX.Fullbanner (This is pdfTeX using libpoppler, Version 3.141592-1.40.3-2.2 (Web2C 7.5.6) kpathsea version 3.5.6) +>> endobj +xref +0 1856 +0000000000 65535 f +0000001346 00000 n +0000001515 00000 n +0000001786 00000 n +0000001210 00000 n +0000000015 00000 n +0000001729 00000 n +0001639442 00000 n +0001640089 00000 n +0001580229 00000 n +0000002059 00000 n +0000001944 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<A4EEB539F22D90D2211AA532A117B7A2>] >> +startxref +1667431 +%%EOF diff --git a/30664-pdf.zip b/30664-pdf.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..accad2b --- /dev/null +++ b/30664-pdf.zip diff --git a/30664-tei.zip b/30664-tei.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d81a0e --- /dev/null +++ b/30664-tei.zip diff --git a/30664-tei/30664-tei.tei b/30664-tei/30664-tei.tei new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a7d84d2 --- /dev/null +++ b/30664-tei/30664-tei.tei @@ -0,0 +1,14505 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> +<!DOCTYPE TEI.2 SYSTEM "http://www.gutenberg.org/tei/marcello/0.4/dtd/pgtei.dtd"> +<TEI.2 lang="en"> + <teiHeader> + <fileDesc> + <titleStmt> + <title>Callista</title> + <author><name reg="Newman, John Henry Cardinal">John Henry Cardinal Newman</name></author> + </titleStmt> + <publicationStmt> + <publisher>Project Gutenberg</publisher> + <date value="2009-12-13">December 13, 2009</date> + <idno type='etext-no'>30664</idno> + <availability> + <p>This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere + at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. + You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under + the terms of the Project Gutenberg License online at + www.gutenberg.org/license</p> + </availability> + </publicationStmt> + <sourceDesc> + <p>John Henry Cardinal Newman: Callista : A Tale of the Third Century. - + London : Longmans, Green & Co. 1904</p> + </sourceDesc> + </fileDesc> + <encodingDesc> + </encodingDesc> + <profileDesc> + <langUsage> + <language id="en" /> + </langUsage> + </profileDesc> + <revisionDesc> + <change> + <date value="2009-12-13">December 13, 2009</date> + <respStmt> + <resp>Produced by <name>David Clarke</name>, <name>Stefan Cramme</name>, and the + Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)</resp> + </respStmt> + <item>Project Gutenberg TEI edition 1</item> + </change> + </revisionDesc> + </teiHeader> + + <pgExtensions> + <pgStyleSheet> + .center { text-align: center } + .italic { font-style: italic } + .small { font-size: 75% } + .smallcaps { font-variant: small-caps } + head { text-align: center } + lg { margin-left: 2; font-size: 80% } + </pgStyleSheet> + <!-- uncomment this CharMap to directly generate ISO 8859-1; replace "(two hyphens)" in the first char with the characters mentioned --> + <!--<pgCharMap formats="txt"> + <char id="U0x2014"> + <charName>mdash</charName> + <desc>EM DASH</desc> + <mapping>(two hyphens)</mapping> + </char> + <char id="U0x152"> + <charName>OElig</charName> + <desc>LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE</desc> + <mapping>OE</mapping> + </char> + <char id="U0x153"> + <charName>oelig</charName> + <desc>LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE</desc> + <mapping>oe</mapping> + </char> + <char id="U0x2009"> + <charName>thinsp</charName> + <desc>THIN SPACE</desc> + <mapping></mapping> + </char> +<char id="U0x2013"> + <charName>ndash</charName> + <desc>EN DASH</desc> + <mapping>-</mapping> +</char> + <char id="U0x2018"> + <charName>lsquo</charName> + <desc>LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK</desc> + <mapping>'</mapping> + </char> + <char id="U0x2019"> + <charName>rsquo</charName> + <desc>RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK</desc> + <mapping>'</mapping> + </char> + <char id="U0x201C"> + <charName>ldquo</charName> + <desc>LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK</desc> + <mapping>"</mapping> + </char> + <char id="U0x201D"> + <charName>rdquo</charName> + <desc>RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK</desc> + <mapping>"</mapping> + </char> + </pgCharMap>--> + </pgExtensions> + +<text lang="en"> +<front> + <div> + <divGen type="pgheader" /> + </div> + <div> + <divGen type="encodingDesc" /> + </div> + <div rend="page-break-before: right"> +<pb/> + +<p rend="center"> +<hi rend="font-size: large">CALLISTA</hi> +</p> + +<p rend="center"> +A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY +</p> + +</div><titlePage rend="page-break-before: always; center"> +<pb/> + +<docTitle> + <titlePart rend="center; font-size: xx-large">CALLISTA</titlePart> + <lb/><lb/> + <titlePart rend="center; font-size: x-large">A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY</titlePart> +</docTitle> + <lb/><lb/><lb/> + <byline rend="center"> + <hi rend="font-size: small">BY</hi><lb/><lb/> + <docAuthor rend="font-size: large">JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN</docAuthor> + </byline> +<lb/> +<epigraph><lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">Love thy God, and love Him only,</q></l> +<l>And thy breast will ne’er be lonely.</l> +<l>In that One Great Spirit meet</l> +<l>All things mighty, grave, and sweet.</l> +<l>Vainly strives the soul to mingle</l> +<l>With a being of our kind;</l> +<l>Vainly hearts with hearts are twined:</l> +<l>For the deepest still is single.</l> +<l>An impalpable resistance</l> +<l>Holds like natures still at distance.</l> +<l>Mortal: love that Holy One,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2"><q rend="pre: none">Or dwell for aye alone.</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left:14"><hi rend="smallcaps">De Vere</hi></l> +</lg></epigraph> + +<docEdition rend="center"><hi rend="italic">NEW IMPRESSION</hi></docEdition> +<lb/><lb/><lb/> +<docImprint rend="center"> + <hi rend="font-size: large">LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.</hi><lb/> + 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON<lb/> +NEW YORK AND BOMBAY<lb/> +<docDate>1904</docDate> +</docImprint> + <lb/><lb/> + <titlePart rend="center; font-size: xx-small"><hi rend="italic">All rights reserved</hi></titlePart> + +</titlePage><div rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb/> + +<p rend="center"><hi rend="italic">To</hi></p> + + <p rend="center"><hi rend="italic">HENRY WILLIAM WILBERFORCE.</hi></p> + +<p> +<hi rend="italic">To you alone, who have known me so long, and who love me +so well, could I venture to offer a trifle like this. But +you will recognise the author in his work, and take +pleasure in the recognition.</hi> +</p> + +<p rend="text-align: right"><hi rend="italic">J. H. N.</hi></p> + </div><div rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb/><anchor id='Pgvii'/> + +<head>ADVERTISEMENT.</head> + +<div><p> +It is hardly necessary to say that the following +Tale is a simple fiction from beginning to end. +It has little in it of actual history, and not much +claim to antiquarian research; yet it has required +more reading than may appear at first sight. +</p> + +<p> +It is an attempt to imagine and express, from a +Catholic point of view, the feelings and mutual relations +of Christians and heathens at the period to +which it belongs, and it has been undertaken as the +nearest approach which the Author could make to a +more important work suggested to him from a high +ecclesiastical quarter. +</p> + +<dateline rend="text-align: left"> +<date><hi rend="italic">September 13, 1855.</hi></date> +</dateline></div> +<div> +<head>POSTSCRIPTS TO LATER EDITIONS.</head> + +<p> +<hi rend="italic">February 8, 1856.</hi>—Since the volume has been in +print, the Author finds that his name has got abroad. +This gives him reason to add, that he wrote great part +of Chapters I., IV., and V., and sketched the character +<pb n="viii"/><anchor id="Pgviii"/>and fortunes of Juba, in the early spring of 1848. He +did no more till the end of last July, when he suddenly +resumed the thread of his tale, and has been successful +so far as this, that he has brought it to an end. +</p> + +<p> +Without being able to lay his finger upon instances +in point, he has some misgiving lest, from a confusion +between ancient histories and modern travels, +there should be inaccuracies, antiquarian or geographical, +in certain of his minor statements, which +carry with them authority when they cease to be +anonymous. +</p> + +<milestone unit="tb"/> <!-- rend="rule: 20%" --> +<p> +<hi rend="italic">February 2, 1881.—October, 1888.</hi>—In a tale such +as this, which professes in the very first sentence of its +Advertisement to be simple fiction from beginning to +end, details may be allowably filled up by the writer’s +imagination and coloured by his personal opinions and +beliefs, the only rule binding on him being this—that +he has no right to contravene acknowledged historical +facts. Thus it is that Walter Scott exercises a poet’s +licence in drawing his Queen Elizabeth and his Claverhouse, +and the author of <q>Romola</q> has no misgivings +in even imputing hypothetical motives and intentions +to Savonarola. Who, again, would quarrel with Mr. +Lockhart, writing in Scotland, for excluding Pope, or +Bishops, or sacrificial rites from his interesting Tale of +Valerius? +</p> + +<p> +Such was the understanding, as to what I might +do and what I might not, with which I wrote this +<pb n="ix"/><anchor id="Pgix"/>story; and to make it clearer, I added in the later +editions of this Advertisement, that it was written +<q>from a Catholic point of view;</q> while in the earlier, +bearing in mind the interests of historical truth, and +the anachronism which I had ventured on at page 82 +in the date of Arnobius and Lactantius, I said that +I had not <q>admitted any actual interference with +known facts without notice,</q> questions of religious +controversy, when I said it, not even coming into my +thoughts. I did not consider my Tale to be in any +sense controversial, but to be specially addressed to +Catholic readers, and for their edification. +</p> + +<p> +This being so, it was with no little surprise I found +myself lately accused of want of truth, because I have +followed great authorities in attributing to Christians +of the middle of the third century what is certainly +to be found in the fourth,—devotions, representations, +and doctrines, declaratory of the high dignity +of the Blessed Virgin. If I had left out all mention +of these, I should have been simply untrue to my idea +and apprehension of Primitive Christianity. To what +positive and certain facts do I run counter in so doing, +even granting that I am indulging my imagination? +But I have allowed myself no such indulgence; I gave +good reasons long ago, in my <q>Letter to Dr. Pusey</q> +(pp. 53–76), for what I believe on this matter and +for what I have in <q>Callista</q> described. +</p> +</div> +<pb n="x"/><anchor id="Pgx"/> +</div><div rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="xi"/><anchor id="Pgxi"/> + +<head>CONTENTS.</head> + + <table rend="tblcolumns: 'r lw(52m) r'; latexcolumns: 'rp{6.2cm}r'"> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><hi rend="font-size: x-small">CHAP.</hi> + </cell> + <cell/> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><hi rend="font-size: x-small">PAGE</hi></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">I. + </cell> + <cell>SICCA VENERIA</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg001">1</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">II. + </cell> + <cell>CHRISTIANITY IN SICCA</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg014">14</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">III.</cell> + <cell>AGELLIUS IN HIS COTTAGE</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg025">25</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">IV.</cell> + <cell>JUBA</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg030">30</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">V.</cell> + <cell>JUCUNDUS AT SUPPER</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg039">39</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">VI.</cell> + <cell>GOTHS AND CHRISTIANS</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg051">51</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">VII.</cell> + <cell>PERSECUTION IN THE OFFING</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg064">64</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">VIII.</cell> + <cell>THE NEW GENERATION</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg080">80</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">IX.</cell> + <cell>JUCUNDUS BAITS HIS TRAP</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg092">92</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">X.</cell> + <cell>THE DIVINE CALLISTA</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg111">111</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XI.</cell> + <cell>CALLISTA’S PREACHING, AND WHAT CAME OF IT</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg122">122</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XII.</cell> + <cell>A DEATH </cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg135">135</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XIII.</cell> + <cell>AND RESURRECTION</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg145">145</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XIV.</cell> + <cell>A SMALL CLOUD</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg159">159</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XV.</cell> + <cell>A VISITATION</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg168">168</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XVI.</cell> + <cell>WORSE AND WORSE</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg178">178</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XVII.</cell> + <cell>CHRISTIANOS AD LEONES</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg189">189</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XVIII.</cell> + <cell>AGELLIUS FLITS</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg199">199</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XIX.</cell> + <cell>A PASSAGE OF ARMS</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg212">212</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XX.</cell> + <cell>HE SHALL NOT LOSE HIS REWARD</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg226">226</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXI.</cell> + <cell>STARTLING RUMOURS</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg235">235</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXII.</cell> + <cell>JUCUNDUS PROPOUNDS HIS VIEW OF THE SITUATION</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg239">239</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXIII.</cell> + <cell>GURTA</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg256">256</ref></cell> + </row> + +<pb n="xii"/><anchor id="Pgxii"/> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXIV.</cell> + <cell>A MOTHER’S BLESSING</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg266">266</ref></cell> + </row><row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXV.</cell> + <cell>CALLISTA IN DURANCE</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg274">274</ref></cell> + </row><row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXVI.</cell> + <cell>WHAT CAN IT ALL MEAN?</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg281">281</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXVII.</cell> + <cell>AM I A CHRISTIAN?</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg291">291</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right"> XXVIII.</cell> + <cell>A SICK CALL</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg305">305</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXIX.</cell> + <cell>CONVERSION</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg317">317</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXX.</cell> + <cell>TORRES VEDRAS</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg329">329</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXXI.</cell> + <cell>THE BAPTISM</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg343">343</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXXII.</cell> + <cell>THE IMPERIAL RESCRIPT</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg352">352</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXXIII.</cell> + <cell>A GOOD CONFESSION</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg357">357</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXXIV.</cell> + <cell>THE MARTYRDOM</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg366">366</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXXV.</cell> + <cell>THE CORPO SANTO</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg371">371</ref></cell> + </row> + <row> + <cell rend="text-align: right">XXXVI.</cell> + <cell>LUX PERPETUA SANCTIS TUIS, DOMINE</cell> + <cell rend="text-align: right"><ref target="Pg377">377</ref></cell> + </row> + </table> + +</div></front> +<body rend="page-break-before: right"> + <pb n="1"/><anchor id="Pg001"/> + +<head>CALLISTA;</head> + +<head type="sub">A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY.</head> + + <div type="chapter" n="I"> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="I. Sicca Veneria"/> +<head>CHAPTER I.</head> + +<head type="sub">SICCA VENERIA.</head> + +<p> +In no province of the vast Roman empire, as it +existed in the middle of the third century, did Nature +wear a richer or a more joyous garb than she displayed +in Proconsular Africa, a territory of which +Carthage was the metropolis, and Sicca might be +considered the centre. The latter city, which was the +seat of a Roman colony, lay upon a precipitous or +steep bank, which led up along a chain of hills to a +mountainous track in the direction of the north and +east. In striking contrast with this wild and barren +region was the view presented by the west and south, +where for many miles stretched a smiling champaign, +exuberantly wooded, and varied with a thousand hues, +till it was terminated at length by the successive tiers +of the Atlas, and the dim and fantastic forms of the +Numidian mountains. The immediate neighbourhood +of the city was occupied by gardens, vineyards, corn-<pb n="2"/><anchor id="Pg002"/>fields, and meadows, crossed or encircled here by noble +avenues of trees or the remains of primeval forests, +there by the clustering groves which wealth and luxury +had created. This spacious plain, though level when +compared with the northern heights by which the city +was backed, and the peaks and crags which skirted +the southern and western horizon, was discovered, as +light and shadow travelled with the sun, to be diversified +with hill and dale, upland and hollow; while +orange gardens, orchards, olive and palm plantations +held their appropriate sites on the slopes or the bottoms. +Through the mass of green, which extended still more +thickly from the west round to the north, might be +seen at intervals two solid causeways tracking their +persevering course to the Mediterranean coast, the one +to the ancient rival of Rome, the other to Hippo +Regius in Numidia. Tourists might have complained +of the absence of water from the scene; but the native +peasant would have explained to them that the eye +alone had reason to be discontented, and that the thick +foliage and the uneven surface did but conceal what +mother earth with no niggard bounty supplied. The +Bagradas, issuing from the spurs of the Atlas, made +up in depth what it wanted in breadth of bed, and +ploughed the rich and yielding mould with its rapid +stream, till, after passing Sicca in its way, it fell into +the sea near Carthage. It was but the largest of a +multitude of others, most of them tributaries to it, +deepening as much as they increased it. While channels +had been cut from the larger rills for the irrigation +<pb n="3"/><anchor id="Pg003"/>of the open land, brooks, which sprang up in the gravel +which lay against the hills, had been artificially banked +with cut stones or paved with pebbles; and where +neither springs nor rivulets were to be found, wells had +been dug, sometimes to the vast depth of as much as +200 fathoms, with such effect that the spurting column +of water had in some instances drowned the zealous +workmen who had been the first to reach it. And, +while such were the resources of less favoured localities +or seasons, profuse rains descended over the whole +region for one half of the year, and the thick summer +dews compensated by night for the daily tribute extorted +by an African sun. +</p> + +<p> +At various distances over the undulating surface, +and through the woods, were seen the villas and the +hamlets of that happy land. It was an age when the +pride of architecture had been indulged to the full; +edifices, public and private, mansions and temples, ran +off far away from each market-town or borough, as +from a centre, some of stone or marble, but most of +them of that composite of fine earth, rammed tight by +means of frames, for which the Saracens were afterwards +famous, and of which specimens remain to this +day, as hard in surface, as sharp at the angles, as +when they first were finished. Every here and there, +on hill or crag, crowned with basilicas and temples, +radiant in the sun, might be seen the cities of the +province or of its neighbourhood, Thibursicumber, +Thugga, Laribus, Siguessa, Sufetula, and many others; +while in the far distance, on an elevated table-land +<pb n="4"/><anchor id="Pg004"/>under the Atlas, might be discerned the Colonia +Scillitana, famous about fifty years before the date of +which we write for the martyrdom of Speratus and his +companions, who were beheaded at the order of the +proconsul for refusing to swear by the genius of Rome +and the emperor. +</p> + +<p> +If the spectator now takes his stand, not in Sicca +itself, but about a quarter of a mile to the south-east, +on the hill or knoll on which was placed the cottage of +Agellius, the city itself will enter into the picture. Its +name, Sicca Veneria, if it be derived (as some suppose) +from the Succoth benoth, or <q>tents of the daughters,</q> +mentioned by the inspired writer as an object of pagan +worship in Samaria, shows that it owed its foundation +to the Phœnician colonists of the country. At any +rate, the Punic deities retained their hold upon the +place; the temples of the Tyrian Hercules and of +Saturn, the scene of annual human sacrifices, were +conspicuous in its outline, though these and all other +religious buildings in it looked small beside the mysterious +antique shrine devoted to the sensual rites of +the Syrian Astarte. Public baths and a theatre, a +capitol, imitative of Rome, a gymnasium, the long outline +of a portico, an equestrian statue in brass of the +Emperor Severus, were grouped together above the +streets of a city, which, narrow and winding, ran up +and down across the hill. In its centre an extraordinary +spring threw up incessantly several tons of water +every minute, and was inclosed by the superstitious +gratitude of the inhabitants with the peristylium of a +<pb n="5"/><anchor id="Pg005"/>sacred place. At the extreme back, towards the north, +which could not be seen from the point of view where +we last stationed ourselves, there was a sheer descent +of rock, bestowing on the city, when it was seen at a +distance on the Mediterranean side, the same bold and +striking appearance which attaches to Castro Giovanni, +the ancient Enna, in the heart of Sicily. +</p> + +<p> +And now, withdrawing our eyes from the panorama, +whether in its distant or nearer objects, if we +would at length contemplate the spot itself from which +we have been last surveying it, we shall find almost +as much to repay attention, and to elicit admiration. +We stand in the midst of a farm of some wealthy proprietor, +consisting of a number of fields and gardens, +separated from each other by hedges of cactus or the +aloe. At the foot of the hill, which sloped down on +the side furthest from Sicca to one of the tributaries +of the rich and turbid river of which we have spoken, +a large yard or garden, intersected with a hundred +artificial rills, was devoted to the cultivation of the +beautiful and odoriferous <hi rend="italic">khennah</hi>. A thick grove of +palms seemed to triumph in the refreshment of the +water’s side, and lifted up their thankful boughs towards +heaven. The barley harvest in the fields +which lay higher up the hill was over, or at least was +finishing; and all that remained of the crop was the +incessant and importunate chirping of the <hi rend="italic">cicadæ</hi>, and +the rude booths of reeds and bulrushes, now left to +wither, in which the peasant boys found shelter from +the sun, while in an earlier month they frightened +<pb n="6"/><anchor id="Pg006"/>from the grain the myriads of linnets, goldfinches, +and other small birds who, as in other countries, contested +with the human proprietor the possession of it. +On the south-western slope lies a neat and carefully +dressed vineyard, the vine-stakes of which, dwarfish +as they are, already cast long shadows on the eastern +side. Slaves are scattered over it, testifying to the +scorching power of the sun by their broad <hi rend="italic">petasus</hi>, +and to its oppressive heat by the scanty <hi rend="italic">subligarium</hi>, +which reached from the belt or girdle to the knees. +They are engaged in cutting off useless twigs to +which the last showers of spring have given birth, +and are twisting those which promise fruit into +positions where they will be safe both from the +breeze and from the sun. Everything gives token +of that gracious and happy season which the great +Latin poets have hymned in their beautiful but +heathen strains; when, after the heavy rains, and +raw mists, and piercing winds, and fitful sun-gleams +of a long six months, the mighty mother manifests +herself anew, and pours out the resources of her +innermost being for the life and enjoyment of every +portion of the vast whole;—or, to apply the lines of a +modern bard— +</p> + +<lg> +<l rend="margin-left: 8"><q rend="post: none">When the bare earth, till now</q></l> +<l>Desert and bare, unsightly, unadorned,</l> +<l>Brings forth the tender grass, whose verdure clads</l> +<l>Her universal face with pleasant green;</l> +<l>Then herbs of every leaf, that sudden flower,</l> +<l>Opening their various colours, and make gay</l> +<l>Her bosom, swelling sweet; and, these scarce blown,</l> +<pb n="7"/><anchor id="Pg007"/><l>Forth flourishes the clustering vine, forth creeps</l> +<l>The swelling gourd, up stands the corny reed</l> +<l>Embattled in her fields, and the humble shrub,</l> +<l>And bush with frizzled hair implicit; last</l> +<l>Rise, as in dance, the stately trees, and spread</l> +<l>Their branches hung with copious fruit, or gem</l> +<l>Their blossoms; with high woods the hills are crowned</l> +<l>With tufts the valleys, and each fountain side</l> +<l>With borders long the rivers; that earth now</l> +<l>Seems like to heaven, a seat where gods might dwell,</l> +<l>Or wander with delight, and love to haunt</l> +<l><q rend="pre: none">Her sacred shades.</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +A snatch from some old Greek chant, with something +of plaintiveness in the tone, issues from the +thicket just across the mule-path, cut deep in the +earth, which reaches from the city gate to the +streamlet; and a youth, who had the appearance of +the assistant bailiff or <hi rend="italic">procurator</hi> of the farm, leaped +from it, and went over to the labourers, who were +busy with the vines. His eyes and hair and the cast +of his features spoke of Europe; his manner had something +of shyness and reserve, rather than of rusticity; +and he wore a simple red tunic with half sleeves, +descending to the knee, and tightened round him by a +belt. His legs and feet were protected by boots which +came half up his calf. He addressed one of the slaves, +and his voice was gentle and cheerful. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah, Sansar!</q> he cried, <q>I don’t like your way +of managing these branches so well as my own; but +it is a difficult thing to move an old fellow like you. +You never fasten together the shoots which you don’t +cut off, they are flying about quite wild, and the first +<pb n="8"/><anchor id="Pg008"/>ox that passes through the field next month for the +ploughing will break them off.</q> +</p> + +<p> +He spoke in Latin; the man understood it, and +answered him in the same language, though with +deviations from purity of accent and syntax, not +without parallel in the <hi rend="italic">talkee-talkee</hi> of the West Indian +negro. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ay, ay, master,</q> he said, <q>ay, ay; but it’s all a +mistake to use the plough at all. The fork does the +work much better, and no fear for the grape. I hide +the tendril under the leaf against the sun, which is +the only enemy we have to consider.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah! but the fork does not raise so much dust as +the plough and the heavy cattle which draw it,</q> returned +Agellius; <q>and the said dust does more for +the protection of the tendril than the shade of the +leaf.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>But those huge beasts,</q> retorted the slave, <q>turn +up great ridges, and destroy the yard.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>It’s no good arguing with an old vinedresser, who +had formed his theory before I was born,</q> said +Agellius good-humouredly; and he passed on into a +garden beyond. +</p> + +<p> +Here were other indications of the happy month +through which the year was now travelling. The +garden, so to call it, was a space of several acres in +extent; it was one large bed of roses, and preparation +was making for extracting their essence, for +which various parts of that country are to this day +celebrated. Here was another set of labourers, and +<pb n="9"/><anchor id="Pg009"/>a man of middle age was surveying them at his leisure. +His business-like, severe, and off-hand manner bespoke +the <hi rend="italic">villicus</hi> or bailiff himself. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Always here,</q> said he, <q>as if you were a slave, +not a Roman, my good fellow; yet slaves have their +Saturnalia; always serving, not worshipping the all-bounteous +and all-blessed. Why are you not taking +holiday in the town?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Why should I, sir?</q> asked Agellius; <q>don’t you +recollect old Hiempsal’s saying about <q>one foot in +the slipper, and one in the shoe.</q> Nothing would be +done well if I were a town-goer. You engaged me, +I suppose, to be here, not there.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah!</q> answered he, <q>but at this season the empire, +the genius of Rome, the customs of the country, +demand it, and above all the great goddess Astarte +and her genial, jocund month. <q>Parturit almus ager;</q> +you know the verse; do not be out of tune with +Nature, nor clash and jar with the great system of +the universe.</q> +</p> + +<p> +A cloud of confusion, or of distress, passed over +Agellius’s face. He seemed as if he wished to speak; +at length he merely said, <q>It’s a fault on the right side +in a servant, I suppose.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I know the way of your people,</q> Vitricus replied, +<q>Corybantians, Phrygians, Jews, what do you call +yourselves? There are so many fantastic religions +now-a-days. Hang yourself outright at your house-door, +if you are tired of living—and you are a sensible +fellow. How can any man, whose head sits right upon +<pb n="10"/><anchor id="Pg010"/>his shoulders, say that life is worth having, and not +worth enjoying?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I am a quiet being,</q> answered Agellius, <q>I like the +country, which you think so tame, and care little for +the flaunting town. Tastes differ.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Town! you need not go to Sicca,</q> answered the +bailiff, <q>all Sicca is out of town. It has poured into +the fields, and groves, and river side. Lift up your +eyes, man alive, open your ears, and let pleasure flow +in. Be passive under the sweet breath of the goddess, +and she will fill you with ecstasy.</q> +</p> + +<p> +It was as Vitricus had said; the solemn feast-days +of Astarte were in course of celebration; of Astarte, +the well-known divinity of Carthage and its dependent +cities, whom Heliogabalus had lately introduced to +Rome, who in her different aspects was at once Urania, +Juno, and Aphrodite, according as she embodied the +idea of the philosopher, the statesman, or the vulgar; +lofty and intellectual as Urania, majestic and commanding +as Juno, seductive as the goddess of sensuality +and excess. +</p> + +<p> +<q>There goes the son of as good and frank a soldier +as ever brandished <anchor id="corr010"/><corr sic="single quote">pilum,</corr></q> said Vitricus to himself, +<q>till in his last years some infernal god took umbrage +at him, and saddled him and his with one of those +absurd superstitions which are as plentiful here as +serpents. He indeed was too old himself to get much +harm from it; but it shows its sour nature in these +young shoots. A good servant, but the plague’s in +his bones, and he will rot.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="11"/><anchor id="Pg011"/> + +<p> +His subordinate’s reflections were of a different character: +<q>The very air breathes sin to-day,</q> he cried; +<q>oh that I did not find the taint of the city in these +works of God! Alas! sweet Nature, the child of the +Almighty, is made to do the fiend’s work, and does it +better than the town. O ye beautiful trees and fair +flowers, O bright sun and balmy air, what a bondage +ye are in, and how do ye groan till you are redeemed +from it! Ye are bond-slaves, but not willingly, as +man is; but how will you ever be turned to nobler +purpose? How is this vast, this solid establishment of +error, the incubus of many thousand years, ever to +have an end? You yourselves, dear ones, will come +to nought first. Anyhow, the public way is no place +for me this evening. They’ll soon be back from their +accursed revelry.</q> +</p> + +<p> +A sound of horns and voices had been heard from +time to time through the woods, as if proceeding from +parties dispersed through them; and in the growing +twilight might be seen lights, glancing and wandering +through the foliage. The cottage in which Agellius +dwelt was on the other side of the hollow bridle-way +which crossed the hill. To make for home he had +first to walk some little distance along it; and +scarcely had he descended into it for that purpose, +when he found himself in the front of a band of +revellers, who were returning from some scene of +impious festivity. They were arrayed in holiday +guise, as far as they studied dress at all; the symbols +of idolatry were on their foreheads and arms; +<pb n="12"/><anchor id="Pg012"/>some of them were intoxicated, and most of them were +women. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Why have you not been worshipping, young +fellow?</q> said one. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Comely built,</q> said another, <q>but struck by the +furies. I know the cut of him.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>By Astarte,</q> said a third, <q>he’s one of those sly +Gnostics! I have seen the chap before, with his hangdog +look. He is one of Pluto’s whelps, first cousin to +Cerberus, and his name’s Channibal.</q> +</p> + +<p> +On which they all began to shout out, <q>I say, +Channibal, Channibal, here’s a lad that knows you. +Old fellow, come along with us;</q> and the speaker +made a dash at him. +</p> + +<p> +On this Agellius, who was slowly making his way +past them on the broken and steep path, leapt up in +two or three steps to the ridge, and went away in +security; when one woman cried out, <q>O the toad, I +know him now; he is a wizard; he eats little children; +didn’t you see him make that sign? it’s a charm. My +sister did it; the fool left me to be one of them. She +was ever doing so</q> (mimicking the sign of the cross). +<q>He’s a Christian, blight him! he’ll turn us into +beasts.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Cerberus, bite him!</q> said another, <q>he sucks +blood;</q> and taking up a stone, she made it whiz past +his ear as he disappeared from view. A general +scream of contempt and hatred followed. <q>Where’s +the ass’s head? put out the lights, put out the lights! +gibbet him! that’s why he has not been with honest +<pb n="13"/><anchor id="Pg013"/>people down in the vale.</q> And then they struck up +a blasphemous song, the sentiments of which we are +not going even to conceive, much less to attempt in +words. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="II" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="14"/><anchor id="Pg014"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="II. Christianity in Sicca"/> +<head>CHAPTER II.</head> + +<head type="sub">CHRISTIANITY IN SICCA.</head> + +<p> +The revellers went on their way; Agellius went +on his, and made for his lowly and lonely cottage. +He was the elder of the two sons of a Roman legionary +of the Secunda Italica, who had settled with them in +Sicca, where he lost their mother, and died, having in +his old age become a Christian. The fortitude of some +confessors at Carthage in the persecution of Severus +had been the initial cause of his conversion. He +had been posted as one of their guards, and had +attended them to the scene of their martyrdom, +in addition to the civil force, to whom in the proconsulate +the administration of the law was committed. +Therefore, happily for him, it could not fall to his +duty to be their executioner, a function which, however +revolting to his feelings, he might not have had courage +to decline. He remained a pagan, though he could not +shake off the impression which the martyrs had made +upon him; and, after completing his time of service, he +retired to the protection of some great friends in Sicca, +his brother’s home already. Here he took a second +wife of the old Numidian stock, and supported himself +by the produce of a small piece of land which had +been given to him for life by the imperial government. +<pb n="15"/><anchor id="Pg015"/>If trial were necessary in order to keep alive the good +seed which had been sown in his heart, he found a +never-failing supply of that article in the companion of +his declining years. In the hey-day of her youth she +might have been fitted to throw a sort of sunshine, or +rather torchlight, on a military carouse; but now, when +poor Strabo, a man well to do in the world, looking +for peace, had fallen under her arts, he found he had +surrendered his freedom to a malignant, profligate +woman, whose passions made her better company for +evil spirits than for an invalided soldier. Indeed, as +time went on, the popular belief, which she rather +encouraged, went to the extent that she actually did +hold an intercourse with the unseen world; and certainly +she matured in a hatred towards God and man, +which would naturally follow, and not unnaturally +betoken, such intercourse. The more, then, she +inflicted on him her proficiency in these amiable +characteristics, the more he looked out for some consolation +elsewhere; and the more she involved herself +in the guilt or the repute of unlawful arts, the more +was he drawn to that religion, where alone to commune +with the invisible is to hold intercourse with +heaven, not with hell. Whether so great a trial +supplied a more human inducement for looking +towards Christianity, it is impossible to say. Most +men, certainly Roman soldiers, may be considered to +act on mixed motives; but so it was in fact, that, on +his becoming in his last years a Christian, he found, +perhaps discovered, to his great satisfaction, that the +<pb n="16"/><anchor id="Pg016"/>Church did not oblige him to continue or renew a tie +which bound him to so much misery, and that he +might end his days in a tranquillity which his past +life required, and his wife’s presence would have +precluded. He made a good end; he had been +allowed to take the blessed sacrament from the altar +to his own home on the last time he had been able +to attend a <hi rend="italic">synaxis</hi> of the faithful, and thus had +communicated at least six months within his decease; +and the priest who anointed him at the beginning of +his last illness also took his confession. He died, +begging forgiveness of all whom he had injured, and +giving large alms to the poor. This was about the +year 236, in the midst of that long peace of the +Church, which was broken at length by the Decian +persecution. +</p> + +<p> +This peace of well-nigh fifty years had necessarily +a peculiar, and not a happy effect upon the Christians +of the proconsulate. They multiplied in the greater +and the maritime cities, and made their way into +positions of importance, whether in trade or the +governmental departments; they extended their +family connections, and were on good terms with the +heathen. Whatever jealousy might be still cherished +against the Christian name, nevertheless, individual +Christians were treated with civility, and recognised +as citizens; though among the populace there would +be occasions, at the time of the more solemn pagan +feasts, when accidental outbursts might be expected +of the antipathy latent in the community, as we have +<pb n="17"/><anchor id="Pg017"/>been recording in the foregoing chapter. Men of +sense, however, began to understand them better, and +to be more just to the reasonableness of their faith. +This would lead them to scorn Christianity less, but +it would lead them to fear it more. It was no longer +a matter merely for the populace to insult, but for +government deliberately to put down. The prevailing +and still growing unbelief among the lower classes +of the population did but make a religion more +formidable, which, as heathen statesmen felt, was +able to wield the weapons of enthusiasm and zeal +with a force and success unknown even to the most +fortunate impostors among the Oriental or Egyptian +hierophants. The philosophical schools were impressed +with similar apprehensions, and had now for +fifty years been employed in creating and systematising +a new intellectual basis for the received paganism. +</p> + +<p> +But, while the signs of the times led to the anticipation +that a struggle was impending between the +heads of the state religion and of the new worship which +was taking its place, the great body of Christians, +laymen and ecclesiastics, were on better and better +terms, individually, with the members of society, or +what is now called the public; and without losing +their faith or those embers of charity which favourable +circumstances would promptly rekindle, were, +it must be confessed, in a state of considerable relaxation; +they often were on the brink of deplorable +sins, and sometimes fell over the brink. And many +would join the Church on inferior motives as soon as +<pb n="18"/><anchor id="Pg018"/>no great temporal disadvantage attached to the act; +or the families of Christian parents might grow up +with so little of moral or religious education as to +make it difficult to say why they called themselves +members of a divine religion. Mixed marriages would +increase both the scandal and the confusion. +</p> + +<p> +<q>A long repose,</q> says St. Cyprian, speaking of +this very period, <q>had corrupted the discipline which +had come down to us. Every one was applying +himself to the increase of wealth; and, forgetting +both the conduct of the faithful under the Apostles, +and what ought to be their conduct in every age, +with insatiable eagerness for gain devoted himself to +the multiplying of possessions. The priests were +wanting in religious devotedness, the ministers in +entireness of faith; there was no mercy in works, no +discipline in manners. Men wore their beards disfigured, +and woman dyed their faces. Their eyes +were changed from what God made them, and a lying +colour was passed upon the hair. The hearts of the +simple were misled by treacherous artifices, and +brethren became entangled in seductive snares. Ties +of marriage were formed with unbelievers; members +of Christ abandoned to the heathen. Not only rash +swearing was heard, but even false; persons in high +place were swollen with contemptuousness; poisoned +reproaches fell from their mouths, and men were +sundered by unabating quarrels. Numerous bishops, +who ought to be an encouragement and example to +others, despising their sacred calling, engaged them<pb n="19"/><anchor id="Pg019"/>selves in secular vocations, relinquished their sees, +deserted their people, strayed among foreign provinces, +hunted the markets for mercantile profits, and +tried to amass large sums of money, while they had +brethren starving within the Church; took possession +of estates by fraudulent proceedings, and multiplied +their gains by accumulated usuries.</q><note place="foot"><hi rend="italic">Vide</hi> Oxford transl. of St. Cyprian.</note> +</p> + +<p> +The relaxation which would extend the profession +of Christianity in the larger cities would contract or +extinguish it in remote or country places. There +would be little zeal to keep up Churches, which could +not be served without an effort or without secular loss. +Carthage, Utica, Hippo, Milevis, or Curubis, was a +more attractive residence than the towns with uncouth +African names, which amaze the ecclesiastical student +in the Acts of the Councils. Vocations became scarce; +sees remained vacant; congregations died out. This +was pretty much the case with the Church and see of +Sicca. At the time of which we write, history preserves +no record of any bishop as exercising his pastoral +functions in that city. In matter of fact there +was none. The last bishop, an amiable old man, had +in the course of years acquired a considerable extent +of arable land, and employed himself principally, for +lack of more spiritual occupation, in reaping, stacking, +selling, and sending off his wheat for the Roman +market. His deacon had been celebrated in early +youth for his boldness in the chase, and took part in +the capture of lions and panthers (an act of charity +<pb n="20"/><anchor id="Pg020"/>towards the peasants round Sicca) for the Roman +amphitheatre. No priests were to be found, and the +bishop became <hi rend="italic">parochus</hi> till his death. Afterwards +infants and catechumens lost baptism; parents lost +faith, or at least love; wanderers lost repentance and +conversion. For a while there was a flourishing meeting-house +of Tertullianists, who had scared more +humble minds by pronouncing the eternal perdition +of every Catholic; there had also been various descriptions +of Gnostics, who had carried off the clever +youths and restless speculators; and then there had +been the lapse of time, gradually consuming the generation +which had survived the flourishing old days +of the African Church. And the result was, that in the +year 250 it was difficult to say of whom the Church +of Sicca consisted. There was no bishop, no priest, +no deacon. There was the old <hi rend="italic">mansionarius</hi> or +sacristan; there were two or three pious women, +married or single, who owed their religion to good +mothers; there were some slaves who kept to their +faith, no one knew how or why; there were a vast +many persons who ought to be Catholics, but were +heretics, or nothing at all, or all but pagans, and sure +to become pagans on the asking; there were Agellius +and his brother Juba, and how far these two had a +claim to the Christian name we now proceed to +explain. +</p> + +<p> +They were about the ages of seven and eight when +their father died, and they fell under the guardianship +of their uncle, whose residence at Sicca had been one +<pb n="21"/><anchor id="Pg021"/>of the reasons which determined Strabo to settle there. +This man, being possessed of some capital, drove a +thriving trade in idols, large and small, amulets, and +the like instruments of the established superstition. +His father had come to Carthage in the service of one +of the assessors of the proconsul of the day; and his +son, finding competition ran too high to give him prospect +of remuneration in the metropolis, had opened +his statue-shop in Sicca. Those modern arts which +enable an English town in this day to be so fertile in +the production of ware of this description for the +markets of the pagan East, were then unknown; +and Jucundus depended on certain artists whom he +imported, especially on two Greeks, brother and sister, +who came from some isle on the Asian coast, for the +supply of his trade. He was a good-natured man, +self-indulgent, positive, and warmly attached to the +reigning paganism, both as being the law of the land +and the vital principle of the state; and, while he was +really kind to his orphan nephews, he simply abominated, +as in duty bound, the idiotic cant and impudent +fee-fa-fum, to which, in his infallible judgment, poor +old Strabo had betrayed his children. He would +have restored them, you may be quite sure, to their +country and to their country’s gods, had they +acquiesced in the restoration: but in different ways +these little chaps, and he shook his head as he said +it, were difficult to deal with. Agellius had a very +positive opinion of his own on the matter; and as for +Juba, though he had no opinion at all, yet he had an +<pb n="22"/><anchor id="Pg022"/>equally positive aversion to have thrust on him by +another any opinion at all, even in favour of paganism. +He had remained in his catechumen state since he +grew up, because he found himself in it; and though +nothing would make him go forward in his profession of +Christianity, no earthly power would be able to make +him go back. So there he was, like a mule, struck fast +in the door of the Church, and feeling a gratification +in his independence of mind. However, whatever his +profession might be, still, as time went on, he plainly +took after his step-mother, renewed his intercourse with +her after his father’s death, and at length went so far +as to avow that he believed in nothing but the devil, +if even he believed in him. It was scarcely safe, however, +to affirm that the senses of this hopeful lad were +his own. +</p> + +<p> +Agellius, on the other hand, when a boy of six +years old, had insisted on receiving baptism; had perplexed +his father by a manifestation of zeal to which +the old man was a stranger; and had made the good +bishop lose the corn-fleet which was starting for Italy +from his importunity to learn the Catechism. Baptized +he was, confirmed, communicated; but a boy’s nature +is variable, and by the time Agellius had reached adolescence, +the gracious impulses of his childhood had in +some measure faded away, though he still retained his +faith in its first keenness and vigour. But he had no +one to keep him up to his duty; no exhortations, no +example, no sympathy. His father’s friends had taken +him up so far as this, that by an extraordinary favour +<pb n="23"/><anchor id="Pg023"/>they had got him a lease for some years of the property +which Strabo, a veteran soldier, had held of +the imperial government. The care of this small +property fell upon him, and another and more serious +charge was added to it. The long prosperity of the +province had increased the opulence and enlarged the +upper class of Sicca. Officials, contractors, and servants +of the government had made fortunes, and +raised villas in the neighbourhood of the city. Natives +of the place, returning from Rome, or from provincial +service elsewhere, had invested their gains in long +leases of state lands, or of the farms belonging to the +imperial <hi rend="italic">res privata</hi> or privy purse, and had become +virtual proprietors of the rich fields or beautiful +gardens in which they had played as children. One of +such persons, who had had a place in the <hi rend="italic">officium</hi> of +the quæstor, or rather procurator, as he began to be +called, was the employer of Agellius. His property +adjoined the cottage of the latter; and, having first +employed the youth from recollection of his father, he +confided to him the place of under-bailiff from the +talents he showed for farm-business. +</p> + +<p> +Such was his position at the early age of twenty-two; +but honourable as it was in itself, and from the +mode in which it was obtained, no one would consider +it adapted, under the circumstances, to counteract the +religious languor and coldness which had grown upon +him. And in truth he did not know where he stood +further than that he was firm in faith, as we have said, +and had shrunk from a boy upwards, from the vice +<pb n="24"/><anchor id="Pg024"/>and immorality which was the very atmosphere of +Sicca. He might any day be betrayed into some fatal +inconsistency, which would either lead him into sin, or +oblige him abruptly to retrace his steps, and find a +truer and safer position. He was not generally +known to be a Christian, at least for certain, though +he was seen to keep clear of the established religion. +It was not that he hid, so much as that the world did +not care to know, what he believed. In that day there +were many rites and worships which kept to themselves—many +forms of moroseness or misanthropy, as +they were considered, which withdrew their votaries +from the public ceremonial. The Catholic faith +seemed to the multitude to be one of these; it was +only in critical times, when some idolatrous act was +insisted on by the magistrate, that the specific nature +of Christianity was tested and detected. Then at +length it was seen to differ from all other religious +varieties by that irrational and disgusting obstinacy, as +it was felt to be, which had rather suffer torments and +lose life than submit to some graceful, or touching, or +at least trifling observance which the tradition of ages +had sanctioned. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="III" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="25"/><anchor id="Pg025"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="III. Agellius in his cottage"/> +<head>CHAPTER III.</head> + +<head type="sub">AGELLIUS IN HIS COTTAGE.</head> + +<p> +The cottage for which Agellius was making, when +last we had sight of him, was a small brick house consisting +of one room, with a loft over it, and a kitchen +on the side, not very unlike that holy habitation which +once contained the Eternal Word in human form with +His Virgin Mother, and Joseph, their guardian. It was +situated on the declivity of the hill, and, unlike the +gardens of Italy, the space before it was ornamented +with a plot of turf. A noble palm on one side, in +spite of its distance from the water, and a group of +orange-trees on the other, formed a foreground to the +rich landscape which was described in our opening +chapter. The borders and beds were gay with the +lily, the bacchar, amber-coloured and purple, the +golden abrotomus, the red chelidonium, and the variegated +iris. Against the wall of the house were trained +pomegranates, with their crimson blossoms, the star-like +pothos or jessamine, and the symbolical passionflower, +which well became a Christian dwelling. +</p> + +<p> +And it was an intimation of what would be found +within; for on one side of the room was rudely painted +a red cross, with doves about it, as is found in early +<pb n="26"/><anchor id="Pg026"/>Christian shrines to this day. So long had been the +peace of the Church, that the tradition of persecution +seemed to have been lost; and Christians allowed +themselves in the profession of their faith at home, +cautious as they might be in public places; as freely +as now in England, where we do not scruple to raise +crucifixes within our churches and houses, though we +shrink from doing so within sight of the hundred cabs +and omnibuses which rattle past them. Under the +cross were two or three pictures, or rather sketches. +In the centre stood the Blessed Virgin with hands +spread out in prayer, attended by the holy Apostles +Peter and Paul on her right and left. Under this +representation was rudely scratched upon the wall +the word, <q>Advocata,</q> a title which the earliest antiquity +bestows upon her. On a small shelf was placed +a case with two or three rolls or sheets of parchment +in it. The appearance of them spoke of use indeed, +but of reverential treatment. These were the Psalms, +the Gospel according to St. Luke, and St. Paul’s +Epistle to the Romans, in the old Latin version, The +Gospel was handsomely covered, and ornamented with +gold. +</p> + +<p> +The apartment was otherwise furnished with such +implements and materials as might be expected in the +cottage of a countryman: one or two stools and +benches for sitting, a table, and in one corner a heap +of dried leaves and rushes, with a large crimson +coverlet, for rest at night. Elsewhere were two millstones +fixed in a frame, with a handle attached to the +<pb n="27"/><anchor id="Pg027"/>rim of one of them, for grinding corn. Then again, +garden tools; boxes of seeds; a vessel containing +syrup for assuaging the sting of the scorpion; the +<hi rend="italic">asir-rese</hi> or <hi rend="italic">anagallis</hi>, a potent medicine of the class +of poisons, which was taken in wine for the same mischance. +It hung from the beams, with a large bunch +of <hi rend="italic">atsirtiphua</hi>, a sort of camomile, smaller in the flower +and more fragrant than our own, which was used as a +febrifuge. Thence, too, hung a plentiful gathering of +dried grapes, of the kind called <hi rend="italic">duracinæ</hi>; and near the +door a bough of the green <hi rend="italic">bargut</hi> or <hi rend="italic">psyllium</hi>, to drive +away the smaller insects. +</p> + +<p> +Poor Agellius felt the contrast between the ungodly +turmoil from which he had escaped, and the deep +stillness into which he now had entered; but neither +satisfied him quite. There was no repose out of +doors, and no relief within. He was lonely at home, +lonely in the crowd. He needed the sympathy of his +kind; hearts which might beat with his heart; friends +with whom he might share his joys and griefs; +advisers whom he might consult; minds like his own, +who would understand him—minds unlike his own, +who would succour and respond to him. A very +great trial certainly this, in which the soul is flung +back upon itself; and that especially in the case of +the young, for whom memory and experience do so +little, and wayward and excited feelings do so much. +Great gain had it been for Agellius, even in its +natural effect, putting aside higher benefits, to have +been able to recur to sacramental confession; but to +<pb n="28"/><anchor id="Pg028"/>confession he had never been, though once or twice he +had attended the public <hi rend="italic">homologesis</hi> of the Church. +Shall we wonder that the poor youth began to be +despondent and impatient under his trial? Shall we +not feel for him, though we may be sorry for him, +should it turn out that he was looking restlessly into +every corner of the small world of acquaintance in +which his lot lay, for those with whom he could converse +easily, and interchange speculation, argument, +aspiration, and affection? +</p> + +<p> +<q>No one cares for me,</q> he said, as he sat down on +his rustic bench. <q>I am nothing to any one; I am a +hermit, like Elias or John, without the call to be one. +Yet even Elias felt the burden of being one against +many; even John asked at length in expostulation, +<q>Art Thou He that shall come?</q> Am I for ever to +have the knowledge, without the consolation, of the +truth? am I for ever to belong to a great divine +society, yet never see the face of any of its members?</q> +</p> + +<p> +He paused in his thoughts, as if drinking in the +full taste and measure of his unhappiness. And then +his reflections took a turn, and he said, suddenly, +<q>Why do I not leave Sicca? What binds me to my +father’s farm? I am young, and my interest in it will +soon expire. What keeps me from Carthage, Hippo, +Cirtha, where Christians are so many?</q> But here he +stopped as suddenly as he had begun; and a strange +feeling, half pang, half thrill, went through his heart. +And he felt unwilling to pursue his thought, or to +answer the question which he had asked; and he +<pb n="29"/><anchor id="Pg029"/>settled into a dull, stagnant condition of mind, in which +he seemed hardly to think at all. +</p> + +<p> +Be of good cheer, solitary one, though thou art not +a hero yet! There is One that cares for thee, and +loves thee, more than thou canst feel, love, or care for +thyself. Cast all thy care upon Him. He sees thee, +and is watching thee; He is hanging over thee, and +smiles in compassion at thy troubles. His angel, who +is thine, is whispering good thoughts to thee. He +knows thy weakness; He foresees thy errors; but He +holds thee by thy right hand, and thou shalt not, canst +not escape Him. By thy faith, which thou hast so +simply, resolutely retained in the midst of idolatry; +by thy purity, which, like some fair flower, thou hast +cherished in the midst of pollution, He will remember +thee in thy evil hour, and thine enemy shall not prevail +against thee! +</p> + +<p> +What means that smile upon Agellius’s face? It +is the response of the child to the loving parent. He +knows not why, but the cloud is past. He signs himself +with the holy cross, and sweet reviving thoughts +enliven him. He names the sacred Name, and it is +like ointment poured out upon his soul. He rises; +he kneels down under the dread symbol of his salvation; +and he begins his evening prayer. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="IV" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="30"/><anchor id="Pg030"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="IV. Juba"/> +<head>CHAPTER IV.</head> + +<head type="sub">JUBA.</head> + +<p> +There was more of heart, less of effort, less of +mechanical habit, in Agellius’s prayers that night, +than there had been for a long while before. He got +up, struck a light, and communicated it to his small +earthen lamp. Its pale rays feebly searched the room +and discovered at the other end of it Juba, who had +silently opened the door, and sat down near it, while +his brother was employed upon his devotions. The +countenance of the latter fell, for he was not to go to +sleep with the resignation and peace which had just +before been poured into his breast. Yet why should +he complain? we receive consolation in this world for +the very purpose of preparing us against trouble to +come. Juba was a tall, swarthy, wild-looking youth. +He was holding his head on one side as he sat, and +his face towards the roof; he nodded obliquely, arched +his eyebrows, pursed up his lips, and crossed his arms, +while he gave utterance to a strange, half-whispered +laugh. +</p> + +<p> +<q>He, he, he!</q> he cried; <q>so you are on your knees, +Agellius.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Why shouldn’t I be at this hour,</q> answered Agellius, +<q>and before I go to bed?</q> +</p> + +<pb n="31"/><anchor id="Pg031"/> + +<p> +<q>O, every one to his taste, of course,</q> said Juba; +<q>but to an unprejudiced mind there is something +unworthy in the act.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Why, Juba?</q> said his brother somewhat sharply; +<q>don’t you profess any religion at all?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Perhaps I do, and perhaps I don’t,</q> answered +Juba; <q>but never shall it be a bowing and scraping, +crawling and cringing religion. You may take your +oath of that.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>What ails you to come here at this time of +night?</q> asked Agellius; <q>who asked for your company?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I will come just when I please,</q> said the other, +<q>and go when I please. I won’t give an account of +my actions to any one, God or man, devil or priest, +much less to you. What right have you to ask me?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Then,</q> said Agellius, <q>you’ll never get peace or +comfort as long as you live, that I can tell you, let +alone the life to come.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Juba kept silent for awhile, and bit his nails with +a smile on his face, and his eyes looking askance upon +the ground. <q>I want no more than I have; I am well +content,</q> he said. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Contented with yourself,</q> retorted Agellius. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Of course,</q> Juba replied; <q>whom ought one to wish +rather to content?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I suppose, your Creator.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Creator,</q> answered Juba, tossing back his head +with an air of superiority; <q>Creator;—that, I consider, +is an assumption.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="32"/><anchor id="Pg032"/> + +<p> +<q>O, my dear brother,</q> cried Agellius, <q>don’t go on +in that dreadful way!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q><q>Go on!</q> who began? Is one man to lay down +the law, and not the other too? Is it so generally +received, this belief of a Creator? Who have brought +in the belief? The Christians. ’Tis the Christians +that began it. The world went on very well without +it before their rise. And now, who began the dispute +but you?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, if I did,</q> answered Agellius; <q>but I didn’t. +You began in coming here; what in the world are +you come for? by what right do you disturb me at +this hour?</q> +</p> + +<p> +There was no appearance of anger in Juba; he +seemed as free from feeling of every kind, from what +is called <hi rend="italic">heart</hi>, as if he had been a stone. In answer +to his brother’s question, he quietly said, <q>I have been +down there,</q> pointing in the direction of the woods. +</p> + +<p> +An expression of sharp anguish passed over his +brother’s face, and for a moment he was silent. At +length he said, <q>You don’t mean to say you have been +down to poor mother?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I do,</q> said Juba. +</p> + +<p> +There was again a silence for a little while; then +Agellius renewed the conversation. <q>You have fallen +off sadly, Juba, in the course of the last several years.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Juba tossed his head, and crossed his legs. +</p> + +<p> +<q>At one time I thought you would have been baptized,</q> +his brother continued. +</p> + +<p> +<q>That was my weakness,</q> answered Juba; <q>it was +<pb n="33"/><anchor id="Pg033"/>a weak moment: it was just after the old bishop’s +death. He had been kind to me as a child; and he +said some womanish words to me, and it was excusable +in me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Oh that you had yielded to your wish!</q> cried +Agellius. +</p> + +<p> +Juba looked superior. <q>The fit passed,</q> he said. +<q>I have come to a juster view of things. It is not +every one who has the strength of mind. I consider +that a logical head comes to a very different +conclusion;</q> and he began wagging his own, to +the right and left, as if it were coming to a great +many. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well,</q> said Agellius, gaping, and desiring at least +to come to a conclusion of the altercation, <q>what +brings you here so late?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I was on my way to Jucundus,</q> he answered, <q>and +have been delayed by the Succoth-benoth in the grove +across the river.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Here they were thrown back upon their controversy. +Agellius turned quite white. <q>My poor fellow,</q> he +said, <q>what were you there for?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>To see the world,</q> answered Juba; <q>it’s unmanly +not to see it. Why shouldn’t I see it? It was good +fun. I despise them all, fools and idiots. There +they were, scampering about, or lying like hogs, all in +liquor. Apes and swine! However, I will do as +others do, if I please. I will be as drunk as they, +when I see good. I am my own master, and it would +be no kind of harm.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="34"/><anchor id="Pg034"/> + +<p> +<q>No harm! why, is it no harm to become an ape or +a hog?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You don’t take just views of human nature,</q> +answered Juba, with a self-satisfied air. <q>Our first +duty is to seek our own happiness. If a man thinks +it happier to be a hog, why, let him be a hog,</q> and he +laughed. <q>This is where you are narrow-minded. I +shall seek my own happiness, and try this way, if I +please.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Happiness!</q> cried Agellius; <q>where have you +been picking up all this stuff? Can you call such +detestable filth happiness?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>What do you know about such matters?</q> asked +Juba. <q>Did you ever see them? Did you ever try +them? You would be twice the man you are if you +had. You will not be a man till you do. You are +carried off your legs in your own way. I’d rather get +drunk every day than fall down on all fours as you do, +crawling on your stomach like a worm, and whining +like a hound that has been beaten.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Now, as I live, you shan’t stop here one instant +longer!</q> cried out Agellius, starting up. <q>Be off with +you! get away! what do you come here to blaspheme +for? who wants you? who asked for you? Go! go, I +say! take yourself <anchor id="corr034"/><corr sic="off?">off!</corr> Why don’t you go? Keep +your ribaldry for others.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I am as good as you any day,</q> said Juba. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I don’t set myself up,</q> answered Agellius, <q>but +it’s impossible to confound Christian and unbeliever as +you do.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="35"/><anchor id="Pg035"/> + +<p> +<q>Christian and unbeliever!</q> said Juba, slowly. <q>I +suppose, when they are a-courting each other, they <hi rend="italic">are</hi> +confounded.</q> He looked hard at Agellius, as if he +thought he had hit a blot. Then he continued, <q>If I +<hi rend="italic">were</hi> a Christian, I’d be so in earnest: else I’d be an +honest heathen.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius coloured somewhat, and sat down, as if +under embarrassment. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I despise you,</q> said Juba; <q>you have not the +pluck to be a Christian. Be consistent, and fizz upon +a stake; but you’re not made of that stuff. You’re +even afraid of uncle. Nay, you can be caught by +those painted wares, about which, when it suits your +purpose, you can be so grave. I despise you,</q> he +continued, <q>I despise you, and the whole kit of you. +What’s the difference between you and another? +Your people say, <q>Earth’s a vanity, life’s a dream, riches +a deceit, pleasure a snare. Fratres charissimi, the time +is short;</q> but who love earth and life and riches and +pleasure better than they? You are all of you as fond +of the world, as set upon gain, as chary of reputation, as +ambitious of power, as the jolly old heathen, who, you +say, is going the way of the pit.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>It is one thing to have a conscience,</q> answered +Agellius; <q>another thing to act upon it. The conscience +of these poor people is darkened. You had a +conscience once.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Conscience, conscience,</q> said Juba. <q>Yes, certainly, +once I had a conscience. Yes, and once I +had a bad chill, and went about chattering and +<pb n="36"/><anchor id="Pg036"/>shivering; and once I had a game leg, and then I +went limping; and so, you see, I once on a time +had a conscience. O yes, I have had many consciences +before now—white, black, yellow, and green; +they were all bad; but they are all gone, and now I +have none.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius said nothing; his one wish, as may be +supposed, was to get rid of so unwelcome a visitor. +</p> + +<p> +<q>The truth is,</q> continued Juba, with the air of +a teacher—<q>the truth is, that religion was a fashion +with me, which is now gone by. It was the complexion +of a particular stage of my life. I was +neither the better nor the worse for it. It was an +accident, like the bloom on my face, which soon,</q> +he said, spreading his fingers over his dirty-coloured +cheeks, and stroking them, <q>which soon will disappear. +I acted according to the feeling, while it lasted; but +I can no more recall it than my first teeth, or the down +on my chin. It’s among the things that were.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius still keeping silence from weariness and +disgust, he looked at him in a significant way, and said, +slowly, <q>I see how it is; I have penetration enough to +perceive that you don’t believe a bit more about religion +than I do.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You must not say that under my roof,</q> cried +Agellius, feeling he must not let his brother’s charge +pass without a protest. <q>Many are my sins, but unbelief +is not one of them.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Juba tossed his head. <q>I think I can see through +a stone slab as well as any one,</q> he said. <q>It is +<pb n="37"/><anchor id="Pg037"/>as I have said; but you’re too proud to confess it. +It’s part of your hypocrisy.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well,</q> said Agellius coldly, <q>let’s have done. +It’s getting late, Juba; you’ll be missed at home. +Jucundus will be inquiring for you, and some of those +revelling friends of yours may do you a mischief by +the way. Why, my good fellow,</q> he continued, in surprise, +<q>you have no leggings. The scorpions will catch +hold of you to a certainty in the dark. Come, let me +tie some straw wisps about you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>No fear of scorpions for me,</q> answered Juba; <q>I +have some real good amulets for the occasion, which +even <hi rend="italic">boola-kog</hi> and <hi rend="italic">uffah</hi> will respect.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Saying this, he passed out of the room as unceremoniously +as he had entered it, and took the direction +of the city, talking to himself, and singing snatches of +wild airs as he went along, throwing back and shaking +his head, and now and then uttering a sharp internal +laugh. Disdaining to follow the ordinary path, he +dived down into the thick and wet grass, and scrambled +through the ravine, which the public road crossed before +it ascended the hill. Meanwhile he accompanied his +quickened pace with a louder strain, and it ran as +follows:— +</p> + +<lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">The little black Moor is the mate for me,</q></l> +<l>When the night is dark, and the earth is free,</l> +<l>Under the limbs of the broad yew-tree.</l> +</lg><lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">’Twas Father Cham that planted that yew,</q></l> +<l>And he fed it fat with the bloody dew</l> +<l>Of a score of brats, as his lineage grew.</l> +</lg> + +<pb n="38"/><anchor id="Pg038"/> + +<lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">Footing and flaunting it, all in the night,</q></l> +<l>Each lock flings fire, each heel strikes light;</l> +<l><q rend="pre: none">No lamps need they, whose breath is bright.</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +Here he was interrupted by a sudden growl, which +sounded almost under his feet, and some wild animal +was seen to slink away. Juba showed no surprise; +he had taken out a small metal idol, and whispering +some words to it, had presented it to the animal. He +clambered up the bank, gained the city gate, and made +his way for his uncle’s dwelling, which was near the +temple of Astarte. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="V" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="39"/><anchor id="Pg039"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="V. Jucundus at supper"/> +<head>CHAPTER V.</head> + +<head type="sub">JUCUNDUS AT SUPPER.</head> + +<p> +The house of Jucundus was closed for the night when +Juba reached it, or you would see, were you his companion, +that it was one of the most showy shops in +Sicca. It was the image-store of the place, and set +out for sale, not articles of statuary alone, but of metal, +of mosaic work, and of jewellery, as far as they were +dedicated to the service of paganism. It was bright +with the many colours adopted in the embellishment +of images, and the many lights which silver and gold, +brass and ivory, alabaster, gypsum, talc, and glass +reflected. Shelves and cabinets were laden with +wares; both the precious material, and the elaborated +trinket. All tastes were suited, the popular and the +refined, the fashion of the day and the love of the +antique, the classical and the barbarian devotion. +There you might see the rude symbols of invisible +powers, which, originating in deficiency of art, had +been perpetuated by reverence for the past: the +mysterious cube of marble sacred among the Arabs, +the pillar which was the emblem of Mercury or +Bacchus, the broad-based cone of Heliogabalus, the +pyramid of Paphos, and the tile or brick of Juno. +</p> + +<pb n="40"/><anchor id="Pg040"/> + +<p> +There, too, were the unmeaning blocks of stone with +human heads, which were to be dressed out in rich +robes, and to simulate the human form. There were +other articles besides, as portable as these were unmanageable: +little Junos, Mercuries, Dianas, and +Fortunas, for the bosom or the girdle. Household gods +were there, and the objects of personal devotion: Minerva +or Vesta, with handsome niches or shrines in +which they might reside. There, too, were the brass +crowns, or <hi rend="italic">nimbi</hi> which were intended to protect the +heads of the gods from bats and birds. There you +might buy, were you a heathen, rings with heads on +them of Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Serapis, and above all +Astarte. You would find there the rings and signets of +the Basilidians; amulets too of wood or ivory: figures +of demons, preternaturally ugly; little skeletons, and +other superstitious devices. It would be hard, indeed, +if you could not be pleased, whatever your religious +denomination—unless indeed you were determined to +reject all the appliances and objects of idolatry indiscriminately—and +in that case you would rejoice that +it was night when you arrived there, and, in particular, +that darkness swallowed up other appliances and +objects of pagan worship, which to darkness were +due by a particular title, and by darkness were best +shrouded, till the coming of that day when all things, +good and evil, shall be made light. +</p> + +<p> +The shop, as we have said, was closed, concealed +from view by large lumbering shutters, and made +secure by heavy bars of wood. So we must enter by +<pb n="41"/><anchor id="Pg041"/>the passage or vestibule on the right side, and that +will conduct us into a modest <hi rend="italic">atrium</hi>, with an <hi rend="italic">impluvium</hi> +on one side, and on the other the <hi rend="italic">triclinium</hi> or +supper-room, backing the shop. Jucundus had been +pleasantly engaged in a small supper-party; and, mindful +that a <hi rend="italic">symposium</hi> should lie within the number of +the Graces and of the Muses, he had confined his guests +to two, the young Greek Aristo, who was one of his +principal artists, and Cornelius the son of a freedman +of a Roman of distinction, who had lately got a place +in one of the <hi rend="italic">scrinia</hi> of the proconsular <hi rend="italic">officium</hi>, and +had migrated into the province from the imperial city +where he had spent his best days. +</p> + +<p> +The dinner had not been altogether suitable to +modern ideas of good living. The grapes from Tacape, +and the dates from the lake Tritonis, the white and +black figs, the nectarines and peaches, and the watermelons, +address themselves to the imagination of an +Englishman, as well as of an African of the third century. +So also might the liquor derived from the sap +or honey of the Getulian palm, and the sweet wine, +called <hi rend="italic">melilotus</hi>, made from the poetical fruit found +upon the coast of the Syrtis. He would have been +struck, too, with the sweetness of the mutton; but he +would have asked what the sheep’s tails were before +he tasted them, and found how like marrow the firm +substance ate of which they consisted. He would +have felt he ought to admire the roes of mullets, +pressed and dried, from Mauritania; but he would +have thought twice before he tried the lion cutlets +<pb n="42"/><anchor id="Pg042"/>though they had the flavour of veal, and the additional +<hi rend="italic">goût</hi> of being imperial property, and poached from a +preserve. But when he saw the indigenous dish, the +very haggis and cock-a-leekie of Africa, in the shape of—(alas! +alas! it <hi rend="italic">must</hi> be said, with whatever apology +for its introduction)—in shape, then, of a delicate +puppy, served up with <anchor id="corr042"/><corr sic="tomatos">tomatoes</corr>, with its head between +its fore-paws, we consider he would have risen from +the unholy table, and thought he had fallen upon the +hospitality of some sorceress of the neighbouring forest. +However, to that festive board our Briton was not +invited, for he had some previous engagement that +evening, either of painting himself with woad, or of +hiding himself to the chin in the fens; so that nothing +occurred to disturb the harmony of the party, and the +good humour and easy conversation which was the +effect of such excellent cheer. +</p> + +<p> +Cornelius had been present at the Secular Games in +the foregoing year, and was full of them, of Rome, +and of himself in connection with it, as became so +genuine a cockney of the imperial period. He was full +of the high patriotic thoughts which so solemn a celebration +had kindled within him. <q>O great Rome!</q> +he said, <q>thou art first, and there is no second. In +that wonderful pageant which these eyes saw last year +was embodied her majesty, was promised her eternity. +We die, she lives. I say, <hi rend="italic">let</hi> a man die. It’s well for +him to take hemlock, or open a vein, after having seen +the Secular Games. What was there to live for? I +felt it; life was gone; its best gifts flat and insipid +<pb n="43"/><anchor id="Pg043"/>after that great day. Excellent—Tauromenian, I +suppose? We know it in Rome. Fill up my cup. I +drink to the genius of the emperor.</q> +</p> + +<p> +He was full of his subject, and soon resumed it. +<q>Fancy the Campus Martius lighted up from one end +to the other. It was the finest thing in the world. A +large plain, covered, not with streets, not with woods, +but broken and crossed with superb buildings in the +midst of groves, avenues of trees, and green grass, +down to the water’s edge. There’s nothing that isn’t +there. Do you want the grandest temples in the +world, the most spacious porticoes, the longest racecourses? +there they are. Do you want <hi rend="italic">gymnasia</hi>? +there they are. Do you want arches, statues, obelisks? +you find them there. There you have at one end the +stupendous mausoleum of Augustus, cased with white +marble, and just across the river the huge towering +mound of Hadrian. At the other end you have +the noble Pantheon of Agrippa, with its splendid +Syracusan columns, and its dome glittering with silver +tiles. Hard by are the baths of Alexander, with their +beautiful groves. Ah! my good friend! I shall +have no time to drink if I go on. Beyond are the +numerous chapels and fanes which fringe the base +of the Capitoline hill; the tall column of Antoninus +comes next, with its adjacent basilica, where is kept +the authentic list of the provinces of the empire, and +of the governors, each a king in power and dominion, +who are sent out to them. Well, I am now only +beginning. Fancy, I say, this magnificent region all +<pb n="44"/><anchor id="Pg044"/>lighted up; every temple to and fro, every bath, every +grove, gleaming with innumerable lamps and torches. +No, not even the gods of Olympus have anything that +comes near it. Rome is the greatest of all divinities. +In the dead of night all was alive; then it was, +when nature sleeps exhausted, Rome began the +solemn sacrifices to commemorate her thousand years. +On the banks of the Tiber, which had seen Æneas +land, and Romulus ascend to the gods, the clear red +flame shot up as the victims burned. The music of +ten thousand horns and flutes burst forth, and the +sacred dances began upon the greensward. I am too +old to dance; but, I protest, even I stood up and +threw off. We danced through three nights, dancing +the old millenary out, dancing the new millenary +in. We were all Romans, no strangers, no slaves. +It was a solemn family feast, the feast of all the +Romans.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Then we came in for the feast,</q> said Aristo; <q>for +Caracalla gave Roman citizenship to all freemen all +over the world. We are all of us Romans, recollect, +Cornelius.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah! that was another matter—a condescension,</q> +answered Cornelius. <q>Yes, in a certain sense, I grant +it; but it was a political act.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I warrant you,</q> retorted Aristo, <q>most political. +We were to be fleeced, do you see? so your imperial +government made us Romans, that we might have the +taxes of Romans, and that in addition to our own. +You’ve taxed us double; and as for the privilege of +<pb n="45"/><anchor id="Pg045"/>citizenship, much it is, by Hercules, when every snob +has it who can wear a <hi rend="italic">pileus</hi> or cherish his hair.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah! but you should have seen the procession from +the Capitol,</q> continued Cornelius, <q>on, I think, the +second day; from the Capitol to the Circus, all down +the Via Sacra. Hosts of strangers there, and provincials +from the four corners of the earth, but not in +the procession. There you saw, all in one <hi rend="italic">coup-d’œil</hi>, +the real good blood of Rome, the young blood of the +new generation, and promise of the future; the sons +of patrician and consular families, of imperators, +orators, conquerors, statesmen. They rode at the head +of the procession, fine young fellows, six abreast; and +still more of them on foot. Then came the running +horses and the chariots, the boxers, the wrestlers, +and other combatants, all ready for the competition. +The whole school of gladiators then turned out, boys +and all, with their masters, dressed in red tunics, and +splendidly armed. They formed three bands, and they +went forward gaily, dancing and singing the Pyrrhic. +By-the-bye, a thousand pair of gladiators fought +during the games—a round thousand, and such clean-made, +well-built fellows, and they came against each +other so gallantly! You should have see it; <hi rend="italic">I</hi> +can’t go through it. There was a lot of satyrs, +jumping and frisking, in burlesque of the martial +dances which preceded them. There was a crowd of +trumpeters and horn-blowers; ministers of the sacrifices +with their victims, bulls and rams, dressed up +with gay wreaths; drivers, butchers, haruspices, +<pb n="46"/><anchor id="Pg046"/>heralds; images of gods with their cars of ivory or +silver, drawn by tame lions and elephants. I can’t +recollect the order. O! but the grandest thing of +all was the Carmen, sung by twenty-seven noble +youths, and as many noble maidens, taken for the +purpose from the bosoms of their families to propitiate +the gods of Rome. The flamens, augurs, colleges of +priests, it was endless. Last of all came the emperor +himself.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>That’s the late man,</q> observed Jucundus, <q>Philip; +no bad riddance his death, if all’s true that’s said of +him.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>All emperors are good in their time and way,</q> +answered Cornelius; <q>Philip was good then, and Decius +is good now;—whom the gods preserve!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>True,</q> said Aristo, <q>I understand; an emperor +cannot do wrong, except in dying, and then everything +goes wrong with him. His death is his first bad deed; +he ought to be ashamed of it; it somehow turns all +his great virtues into vices.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah! no one was so good an emperor as our man, +Gordianus,</q> said Jucundus, <q>a princely old man, +living and dead; patron of trade and of the arts; +such villas! he had enormous revenues. Poor old +gentleman! and his son too. I never shall forget the +day when the news came that he was gone. Let me +see, it was shortly after that old fool Strabo’s death—I +mean my brother; a good thirteen years ago. +All Africa was in tears; there was no one like +Gordianus.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="47"/><anchor id="Pg047"/> + +<p> +<q>That’s old world philosophy,</q> said Aristo; +<q>Jucundus, you must go to school. Don’t you see +that all that is, is right; and all that was, is wrong? +<q>Te nos facimus, Fortuna, deam,</q> says your poet; +well, I drink <q>to the fortunes of Rome,</q>—while it +lasts.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You’re a young man,</q> answered Cornelius, <q>a +very young man, and a Greek. Greeks never understand +Rome. It’s most difficult to understand us. +It’s a science. Look at this medal, young gentleman; +it was one of those struck at the games. Is it +not grand? <q>Novum sæculum,</q> and on the reverse, +<q>Æternitati.</q> Always changing, always imperishable. +Emperors rise and fall; Rome remains. The eternal +city! Isn’t this good philosophy?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Truly, a most beautiful medal,</q> said Aristo, +examining it, and handing it on to his host. <q>You +might make an amulet of it, Jucundus. But as to +eternity, why, that is a very great word; and, if I +mistake not, other states have been eternal before +Rome. Ten centuries is a very respectable eternity; +be content, Rome is eternal already, and may die +without prejudice to the medal.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Blaspheme not,</q> replied Cornelius: <q>Rome is +healthier, more full of life, and promises more, than +at any former time, you may rely upon it. <q>Novum +sæculum!</q> she has the age of the eagle, and will but +cast her feathers to begin a fresh thousand.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>But Egypt,</q> interposed Aristo, <q>if old Herodotus +speaks true, scarcely had a beginning. Up and up, +<pb n="48"/><anchor id="Pg048"/>the higher you go, the more dynasties of Egyptian +kings do you find. And we hear strange reports of +the nations in the far east, beyond the Ganges.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>But I tell you, man,</q> rejoined Cornelius, <q>Rome +is a city of kings. That one city, in this one year, +has as many kings at once as those of all the kings +of all the dynasties of Egypt put together. Sesostris, +and the rest of them, what are they to imperators, +prefects, proconsuls, <hi rend="italic">vicarii</hi>, and <hi rend="italic">rationales</hi>? Look +back at Lucullus, Cæsar, Pompey, Sylla, Titus, Trajan. +What’s old Cheops’ pyramid to the Flavian amphitheatre? +What is the many-gated Thebes to Nero’s +golden house, while it was? What the grandest +palace of Sesostris or Ptolemy but a second-rate villa +of any one of ten thousand Roman citizens? Our +houses stand on acres of ground, they ascend as high +as the Tower of Babylon; they swarm with columns +like a forest; they pullulate into statues and pictures. +The walls, pavements, and ceilings are dazzling from +the lustre of the rarest marble, red and yellow, green +and mottled. Fountains of perfumed water shoot +aloft from the floor, and fish swim in rocky channels +round about the room, waiting to be caught and killed +for the banquet. We dine; and we feast on the head +of the ostrich, the brains of the peacock, the liver of +the bream, the milk of the murena, and the tongue of +the flamingo. A flight of doves, nightingales, beccaficoes +are concentrated into one dish. On great occasions +we eat a phœnix. Our saucepans are of silver, +our dishes of gold, our vases of onyx, and our cups of +<pb n="49"/><anchor id="Pg049"/>precious stones. Hangings and carpets of Tyrian +purple are around us and beneath us, and we lie on +ivory couches. The choicest wines of Greece and +Italy crown our goblets, and exotic flowers crown our +heads. In come troops of dancers from Lydia, or +pantomimes from Alexandria, to entertain both eye +and mind; or our noble dames and maidens take a +place at our tables; they wash in asses’ milk, they +dress by mirrors as large as fish-ponds, and they +glitter from head to foot with combs, brooches, necklaces, +collars, ear-rings, armlets, bracelets, finger-rings, +girdles, stomachers, and anklets, all of diamond and +emerald. Our slaves may be counted by thousands, +and they come from all parts of the world. Everything +rare and precious is brought to Rome: the gum +of Arabia, the nard of Assyria, the papyrus of Egypt, +the citron-wood of Mauretania, the bronze of Ægina, +the pearls of Britain, the cloth of gold of Phrygia, +the fine webs of Cos, the embroidery of Babylon, the +silks of Persia, the lion-skins of Getulia, the wool of +Miletus, the plaids of Gaul. Thus we live, an imperial +people, who do nothing but enjoy themselves +and keep festival the whole year; and at length we +die—and then we burn: we burn—in stacks of cinnamon +and cassia, and in shrouds of <hi rend="italic">asbestos</hi>, making +emphatically a good end of it. Such are we Romans, +a great people. Why, we are honoured wherever we +go. There’s my master, there’s myself; as we came +here from Italy, I protest we were nearly worshipped +as demi-gods.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="50"/><anchor id="Pg050"/> + +<p> +<q>And perhaps some fine morning,</q> said Aristo, +<q>Rome herself will burn in cinnamon and cassia, and +in all her burnished Corinthian brass and scarlet +bravery, the old mother following her children to the +funeral pyre. One has heard something of Babylon, +and its drained moat, and the soldiers of the +Persian.</q> +</p> + +<p> +A pause occurred in the conversation as one of +Jucundus’s slaves entered with fresh wine, larger +goblets, and a vase of snow from the Atlas. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="VI" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="51"/><anchor id="Pg051"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="VI. Goths and Christians"/> +<head>CHAPTER VI.</head> + +<head type="sub">GOTHS AND CHRISTIANS.</head> + +<p> +Cornelius was full of his subject, and did not attend +to the Greek. <q>The wild-beasts hunts,</q> he continued, +<q>ah, those hunts during the games, Aristo! +they were a spectacle for the gods. Twenty-two +elephants, ten panthers, ten hyænas (by-the-bye, a +new beast, not strange, however, to you here, I suppose), +ten camelopards, a hippopotamus, a rhinoceros—I +can’t go through the list. Fancy the circus planted +throughout for the occasion, and turned into a park, +and then another set of wild animals, Getes and Sarmatians, +Celts and Goths, sent in against them, to +hunt down, capture and kill them, or to be killed +themselves.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah, the Goths!</q> answered Aristo; <q>those fellows +give you trouble, though, now and then. Perhaps +they will give you more. There is a report +in the prætorium to-day that they have crossed the +Danube.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Yes, they <hi rend="italic">will</hi> give us trouble,</q> said Cornelius, +drily; <q>they <hi rend="italic">have</hi> given us trouble, and they will +give us more. The Samnites gave us trouble, and +<pb n="52"/><anchor id="Pg052"/>our friends of Carthage here, and Jugurtha, and +Mithridates; trouble, yes, that is the long and the +short of it; they will give us trouble. Is trouble a +new thing to Rome?</q> he asked, stretching out his +arm, as if he were making a speech after dinner, and +giving a toast. +</p> + +<p> +<q>The Goths give trouble, and take a bribe,</q> retorted +Aristo; <q>this is what trouble means in their +case: it’s a troublesome fellow who hammers at our +door till we pay his reckoning. It is troublesome to +raise the means to buy them off. And the example +of these troublesome savages is catching; it was lately +rumoured that the Carpians had been asking the same +terms for keeping quiet.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>It would ill become the majesty of Rome to soil +her fingers with the blood of such vermin,</q> said Cornelius; +<q>she ignores them.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>And therefore she most majestically bleeds us +instead,</q> answered Aristo, <q>that she may have treasure +to give them. We are not so troublesome as +they; the more’s the pity. No offence to you, however, +or to the emperor, or to great Rome, Cornelius. +We are over our cups; it’s only a game of politics, +you know, like chess or the <hi rend="italic">cottabus</hi>. Maro bids you +<q>parcere subjectis, et debellare superbos;</q> but you +have changed your manners. You coax the Goths +and bully the poor African.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Africa can show fight, too,</q> interposed Jucundus, +who had been calmly listening and enjoying his own +wine; <q>witness Thysdrus. That was giving every +<pb n="53"/><anchor id="Pg053"/>rapacious Quæstor a lesson that he may go too far, +and find a dagger when he demands a purse.</q> +</p> + +<p> +He was alluding to the revolt of Africa, which led +to the downfall of the tyrant Maximin and the exaltation +of the Gordians, when the native landlords armed +their peasantry, killed the imperial officer, and raised +the standard of rebellion in the neighbouring town +from impatience of exactions under which they +suffered. +</p> + +<p> +<q>No offence, I say, Cornelius, no offence to eternal +Rome,</q> said Aristo, <q>but you have explained to us +why you weigh so heavy on us. I’ve always heard +it was a fortune at Rome for a man to have found out +a new tax. Vespasian did his best; but now you +tax our smoke, and our very shadow; and Pescennius +threatened to tax the air we breathe. We’ll play at +riddles, and you shall solve the following:—Say who +is she that eats her own limbs, and grows eternal upon +them? Ah, the Goths will take the measure of her +eternity!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The Goths!</q> said Jucundus, who was warming +into conversational life, <q>the Goths! no fear of the +Goths; but,</q> and he nodded significantly, <q>look at +home; we have more to fear indoors than abroad.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>He means the prætorians,</q> said Cornelius to +Aristo, condescendingly; <q>I grant you that there have +been several untoward affairs; we have had our problem, +but it’s a thing of the past, it never can come +again. I venture to say that the power of the prætorians +is at an end. That murder of the two emperors +<pb n="54"/><anchor id="Pg054"/>the other day was the worst job they ever did; it has +turned the public opinion of the whole world against +them. I have no fear of the prætorians.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I don’t mean prætorians more than Goths,</q> said +Jucundus; <q>no, give me the old weapons, the old +maxims of Rome, and I defy the scythe of Saturn. +Do the soldiers march under the old ensign? do they +swear by the old gods? do they interchange the good +old signals and watchwords? do they worship the +fortune of Rome; then I say we are safe. But do we +take to new ways? do we trifle with religion? do we +make light of Jupiter, Mars, Romulus, the augurs, +and the ancilia? then I say, not all our shows and +games, our elephants, hyænas, and hippopotamuses, will +do us any good. It was not the best thing, no, not the +best thing that the soldiers did, when they invested +that Philip with the purple. But he is dead and gone.</q> +And he sat up and leant on his elbow. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah! but it will be all set right now,</q> said Cornelius, +<q><hi rend="italic">you’ll</hi> see.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>He’d be a reformer, that Philip,</q> continued +Jucundus, <q>and put down an enormity. Well, they +call it an enormity; let it be an enormity. He’d +put it down; but why? there’s the point; why? +It’s no secret at all,</q> and his voice grew angry, +<q>that that hoary-headed Atheist Fabian was at +the bottom of it; Fabian, the Christian. I hate +reforms.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, we had long wished to do it,</q> answered +Cornelius, <q>but could not manage it. Alexander +<pb n="55"/><anchor id="Pg055"/>attempted it near twenty years ago. It’s what philosophers +have always aimed at.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The gods consume philosophers and the Christians +together!</q> said Jucundus devoutly. <q>There’s +little to choose between them, except that the Christians +are the filthier animal of the two. But both are +ruining the most glorious political structure that the +world ever saw. I am not over-fond of Alexander +either.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Thank you in the name of philosophy,</q> said the +Greek. +</p> + +<p> +<q>And thank you in the name of the Christians,</q> +chimed in Juba. +</p> + +<p> +<q>That’s good!</q> cried Jucundus; <q>the first word +that hopeful youth has spoken since he came in, and +he takes on him to call himself a Christian.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I’ve a right to do so, if I choose,</q> said Juba; <q>I’ve +a right to be a Christian.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Right! O yes, right! ha, ha!</q> answered Jucundus, +<q>right! Jove help the lad! by all manner of means. +Of course, you have a right to go <hi rend="italic">in malam rem</hi> in +whatever way you please.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I am my own master,</q> said Juba; <q>my father +was a Christian. I suppose it depends on myself to +follow him or not, according to my fancy, and as long +as I think fit.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Fancy! think fit!</q> answered Jucundus, <q>you +pompous little mule! Yes, go and be a Christian, +my dear child, as your doting father went. Go, like +him, to the priest of their mysteries; be spit on, +<pb n="56"/><anchor id="Pg056"/>stripped, dipped; feed on little boys’ marrow and +brains; worship the ass; and learn all the foul magic +of the sect. And then be delated and taken up, and +torn to shreds on the rack, or thrown to the lions +and so go to Tartarus, if Tartarus there be, in the +way you think fit. You’ll harm none but yourself, +my boy. I don’t fear such as you, but the deeper +heads.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Juba stood up with a look of offended dignity, and, +as on former occasions, tossed the head which had +been by implication disparaged. <q>I despise you,</q> he +said. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, but you are hard on the Christians,</q> said +Aristo. <q>I have heard them maintain that their superstition, +if adopted, would be the salvation of Rome. +They maintain that the old religion is gone or going +out; that something new is wanted to keep the empire +together; and that their worship is just fitted to the +times.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>All I say to the vipers,</q> said Jucundus, <q>is, <q>Let +well alone. We did well enough without you; we +did well enough till you sprang up.</q> A plague on their +insolence; as if Jew or Egyptian could do aught for us +when Numa and the Sibyl fail. That is what I say, +Let Rome be true to herself and nothing can harm +her; let her shift her foundation, and I would not buy +her for this water-melon,</q> he said, taking a suck at it. +<q>Rome alone can harm Rome. Recollect old Horace, +<q>Suis et ipsa Roma viribus ruit.</q> He was a prophet. +If she falls, it is by her own hand.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="57"/><anchor id="Pg057"/> + +<p> +<q>I agree,</q> said Cornelius; <q>certainly, to set up any +new worship is treason; not a doubt of it. The gods +keep us from such ingratitude! We have grown +great by means of them, and they are part and parcel +of the law of Rome. But there is no great chance of +our forgetting this; Decius won’t; that’s a fact. You +will see. Time will show; perhaps to-morrow, perhaps +next day,</q> he added, mysteriously. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Why in the world should you have this frantic +dread of these poor scarecrows of Christians,</q> said +Aristo, <q>all because they hold an opinion? Why are +you not afraid of the bats and the moles? It’s an +opinion: there have been other opinions before them, +and there will be other opinions after. Let them +alone and they’ll die away; make a hubbub about +them and they’ll spread.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Spread?</q> cried Jucundus, who was under the +twofold excitement of personal feeling and of wine, +<q>spread, they’ll spread? yes, they’ll spread. Yes, +grow, like scorpions, twenty at a birth. The country +already swarms with them; they are as many as frogs +or grasshoppers; they start up everywhere under one’s +nose, when one least expects them. The air breeds +them like plague-flies; the wind drifts them like +locusts. No one’s safe; any one may be a Christian; +it’s an epidemic. Great Jove! <hi rend="italic">I</hi> may be a Christian +before I know where I am. Heaven and earth! is it +not monstrous?</q> he continued, with increasing fierceness. +<q>Yes, Jucundus, my poor man, you may wake +and find yourself a Christian, without knowing it, +<pb n="58"/><anchor id="Pg058"/>against your will. Ah! my friends, pity me! I may +find myself a beast, and obliged to suck blood and +live among the tombs as if I liked it, without power +to tell you how I loathe it, all through their sorcery. +By the genius of Rome something must be done. I +say, no one is safe. You call on your friend; he is +sitting in the dark, unwashed, uncombed, undressed. +What is the matter? Ah! his son has turned Christian. +Your wedding-day is fixed, you are expecting +your bride; she does not come; why? she will not +have you; she has become a Christian. Where’s +young Nomentanus? Who has seen Nomentanus? +in the forum, or the campus, in the circus, in the bath? +Has he caught the plague or got a sunstroke? Nothing +of the kind; the Christians have caught hold of +him. Young and old, rich and poor, my lady in her +litter and her slave, modest maid and Lydia at the +Thermæ, nothing comes amiss to them. All confidence +is gone; there’s no one we can reckon on. I +go to my tailor’s: <q>Nergal,</q> I say to him, <q>Nergal, I +want a new tunic,</q> The wretched hypocrite bows, and +runs to and fro, and unpacks his stuffs and cloths, like +another man. A word in your ear. The man’s a +Christian, dressed up like a tailor. They have no +dress of their own. If I were emperor, I’d make +the sneaking curs wear a badge, I would; a dog’s +collar, a fox’s tail, or a pair of ass’s ears. Then we +should know friends from foes when we meet them.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>We should think that dangerous,</q> said Cornelius; +<q>however, you are taking it too much to heart; you +<pb n="59"/><anchor id="Pg059"/>are making too much of them, my good friend. They +have not even got the present, and you are giving +them the future, which is just what they want.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>If Jucundus will listen to me,</q> said Aristo, <q>I +could satisfy him that the Christians are actually +falling off. They once were numerous in this very +place; now there are hardly any. They have been +declining for these fifty years; the danger from them +is past. Do you want to know how to revive them? +Put out an imperial edict, forbid them, denounce +them. Do you want them to drop away like autumn +leaves? Take no notice of them.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I can’t deny that in Italy they <hi rend="italic">have</hi> grown,</q> said +Cornelius; <q>they <hi rend="italic">have</hi> grown in numbers and in +wealth, and they intermarry with us. Thus the upper +class becomes to a certain extent infected. We may +find it necessary to repress them; but, as you would +repress vermin, without fearing them.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The worshippers of the gods are the many, and +the Christians are the few,</q> persisted Aristo; <q>if the +two parties intermarry, the weaker will get the worst +of it. You will find the statues of the gods gradually +creeping back into the Christian chapel; and a man +must be an honest fellow who buys our images, eh, +Jucundus?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, Aristo,</q> said the paterfamilias, whose +violence never lasted long, <q>if your sister’s bright +eyes win back my poor Agellius you will have something +more to say for yourself than, at present, I +grant.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="60"/><anchor id="Pg060"/> + +<p> +<q>I see,</q> said Cornelius, gravely, <q>I begin to understand +it. I could not make out why our good host +had such great fear for the stability of Rome. But +it is one of those things which the experience of life +has taught me. I have often seen it in the imperial +city itself. Whenever you find a man show special +earnestness against these fanatics, depend on it there +is something that touches him personally in the +matter. There was a very great man, the present +Flamen Dialis, for whom I have unbounded respect; +for a long time I was at a loss to conceive why a +person of his weight, sound, sensible, well-judging, +should have such a fear of the Christians. One day +he made an oration against them in the senate-house; +he wanted to send them to the rack. But the secret +came out; the good man was on the rack himself +about his daughter, who persisted in calling herself a +Christian, and refused to paint her face or go to the +amphitheatre. To be sure, a most trying affair this +for the old gentleman. The venerable Pater Patratus, +too, what suppers he gave! a fine specimen of the +Lucullus type; yet he was always advocating the +lictor and the <hi rend="italic">commentariensis</hi> in the instance of the +Christian. No wonder; his wife and son were disgracing +him in the eyes of the whole world by frequenting +the meetings of these Christians. However, +I agree with Decius, they must be put down. They +are not formidable, but they are an eyesore.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Here the rushing of the water-clock which measured +time in the neighbouring square, ceased, signifying +<pb n="61"/><anchor id="Pg061"/>thereby that the night was getting on. Juba had +already crept into the dark closet which served him +for a sleeping-place; had taken off his sandals, and +loosened his belt; had wrapt the serpent he had about +him round his neck, and was breathing heavily. Jucundus +made the parting libation, and Cornelius took +his leave. Aristo rose too; and Jucundus, accompanying +them to the entrance, paid the not uncommon +penalty of his potations, for the wine mounted to his +head, and he returned into the room, and sat him +down again with an impression that Aristo was still +at table. +</p> + +<p> +<q>My dear boy,</q> he said, <q>Agellius is but a wet +Christian; that’s all, not obstinate, like his brother +there. ’Twas his father; the less we say about him +the better; he’s gone. The Furies make his bed for +him! an odious set! Their priests, little ugly men. +I saw one when I was a boy at Carthage. So unlike +your noble Roman Saliares, or your fine portly priest +of Isis, clad in white, breathing odours like spring +flowers; men who enjoyed this life, not like that sour +hypocrite. He was as black as an Ethiopian, and as +withered as a Saracen, and he never looked you in the +face. And, after all, the fellow must die for his +religion, rather than put a few grains of golden incense +on the altar of great Jove. Jove’s the god for me; a +glorious, handsome, curly god—but they are all good, +all the gods are good. There’s Bacchus, he’s a good, +comfortable god, though a sly, treacherous fellow—a +treacherous fellow. There’s Ceres, too; Pomona; the +<pb n="62"/><anchor id="Pg062"/>Muses; Astarte, too, as they call her here; all good;—and +Apollo, though he’s somewhat too hot in this +season, and too free with his bow. He gave me a +bad fever once. Ah! life’s precious, most precious; +so I felt it then, when I was all but gone to Pluto. +Life never returns, it’s like water spilt; you can’t +gather it up. It is dispersed into the elements, to +the four winds. Ah! there’s something more there +than I can tell; more than all your philosophers can +determine.</q> +</p> + +<p> +He seemed to think awhile, and began again: <q>Enjoyment’s +the great rule; ask yourself, <q>Have I made +the most of things?</q> that’s what I say to the rising +generation. Many and many’s the time when I have +not turned them to the best account. Oh, if I had now +to begin life again, how many things should I correct! +I might have done better this evening. Those abominable +pears! I might have known they would not +be worth the eating. Mutton, that was all well; +doves, good again; crane, kid; well, I don’t see that +I could have done much better.</q> +</p> + +<p> +After a few minutes he got up half asleep, and put +out all the lights but one small lamp, with which he +made his way into his own bed-closet. <q>All is vanity,</q> +he continued, with a slow, grave utterance, <q>all is +vanity but eating and drinking. It does not pay to +serve the gods except for this. What’s fame? what’s +glory? what’s power? smoke. I’ve often thought +the hog is the only really wise animal. We should +be happier if we were all hogs. Hogs keep the end +<pb n="63"/><anchor id="Pg063"/>of life steadily in view; that’s why those toads of +Christians will not eat them, lest they should get like +them. Quiet, respectable, sensible enjoyment; not +riot, or revel, or excess, or quarrelling. Life is short.</q> +And with this undeniable sentiment he fell asleep. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="VII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="64"/><anchor id="Pg064"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="VII. Persecution in the offing"/> +<head>CHAPTER VII.</head> + +<head type="sub">PERSECUTION IN THE OFFING.</head> + +<p> +Next morning, as Jucundus was dusting and polishing +his statues and other articles of taste and devotion, +supplying the gaps in their ranks, and grouping a +number of new ones which had come in from his +workmen, Juba strutted into the shop, and indulged +himself from time to time in an inward laugh or +snigger at the various specimens of idolatry which +grinned or frowned or frisked or languished on all +sides of him. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Don’t sneer at that Anubis,</q> said his uncle; <q>it +is the work of the divine Callista.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>That, I suppose, is why she brings into existence +so many demons,</q> answered Juba; <q>nothing more +can be done in the divine line; like the queen who fell +in love with a baboon.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Now I come to think,</q> retorted Jucundus, <q>that +god of hers is something like <hi rend="italic">you</hi>. She must be in +love with you, Juba.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The youth, as was usual with him, tossed his head +with an air of lofty displeasure; at length he said, +<q>And why should she not fall in love with me, +pray?</q> +</p> + +<pb n="65"/><anchor id="Pg065"/> + +<p> +<q>Why, because you are too good or too bad to +need her plastic hand. She could not make anything +out of you. <q>Non ex quovis ligno.</q> But she’d be +doing a good work if she wiled back your brother.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q><hi rend="italic">He</hi> does not want wiling any more than I,</q> said +Juba, <q><hi rend="italic">I</hi> dare say! he’s no Christian.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>What’s that?</q> said his uncle, looking round at +him in surprise; <q>Agellius no Christian?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Not a bit of it,</q> answered Juba; <q>rest assured. I +taxed him with it only last night; let him alone, <hi rend="italic">he’ll</hi> +come round. He’s too proud to change, that’s all. +Preach to him, entreat him, worry him, try to turn him, +work at the bit, whip him, and he will turn restive, +start aside, or run away; but let him have his head, +pretend not to look, seem indifferent to the whole +matter, and he will quietly sit down in the midst of +your images there. Callista has an easy task; she’ll +bribe him to do what he would else do for nothing.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The very best news I have heard since your silly +old father died,</q> cried Jucundus; <q>the very best—if +true. Juba, I’ll give you an handsome present the first +sow your brother sacrifices to Ceres. Ha, ha, what +fine fun to see the young farmer over his cups at the +Nundinæ! Ha, ha, no Christian! bravo, Juba! ha, +ha, I’ll make you a present, I say, an Apollo to teach +you manners, or a Mercury to give you wit.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>It’s quite true,</q> said Juba; <q>he would not be +thinking of Callista, if he were thinking of his saints +and angels.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ha, ha! to be sure!</q> returned Jucundus; <q>to be +<pb n="66"/><anchor id="Pg066"/>sure! yet why shouldn’t he worship a handsome Greek +girl as well as any of those mummies and death’s +heads and bogies of his, which I should blush to put +up here alongside even of Anubis, or a scarabæus?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Mother thinks she is not altogether the girl you +take her for,</q> said his nephew. +</p> + +<p> +<q>No matter, no matter,</q> answered Jucundus, <q>no +matter at all; she may be a Lais or Phryne for me; +the surer to make a man of him.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Why,</q> said Juba, <q>mother thinks her head is +turning in the opposite way. D’you see? Strange, +isn’t it?</q> he added, annoyed himself yet not unwilling +to annoy his uncle. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Hm!</q> exclaimed Jucundus, making a wry face +and looking round at him, as if to say, <q>What on +earth is going to turn up now?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>To tell the truth,</q> said Juba, gloomily, <q>I did +once think of her myself. I don’t see why I have not +as much right to do so as Agellius, if I please. So I +thought old mother might do something for me; and +I asked her for a charm or love potion, which would +bring her from her brother down to the forest yonder. +Gurta took to it kindly, for she has a mortal hatred of +Callista, because of her good looks, though she won’t +say so, and because she’s a Greek! and she liked the +notion of humbling the haughty minx. So she began +one of the most tremendous spells,</q> he shrieked out +with a laugh, <q>one of the most tremendous spells in +her whole budget. All and everything in the most +exact religious way: wine, milk, blood, meal, wax, old +<pb n="67"/><anchor id="Pg067"/>rags, gods, Numidian as well as Punic; such names; +one must be barbarian to boot, as well as witch, to +pronounce them: a score of things there were besides. +And then to see the old woman, with her streaming +grey hair, twinkling eyes, and grim look, twirl about +as some flute girl at a banquet; it was enough to +dance down, not only the moon, but the whole milky +way. But it did not dance down Callista; at which +mother got savage, and protested that Callista was a +Christian.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Jucundus looked much perplexed. <q>Medius fidius!</q> +he said, <q>why, unless we look sharp, she will be converting +him the wrong way;</q> and he began pacing up +and down the small room. +</p> + +<p> +Juba on his part began singing— +</p> + +<lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">Gurta the witch would have part in the jest;</q></l> +<l>Though lame as a gull, by his highness possessed,</l> +<l>She shouldered her crutch, and danced with the rest.</l> + +</lg><lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">Sporting and snorting, deep in the night,</q></l> +<l>Their beards flashing fire, and their hoofs striking light,</l> +<l><q rend="pre: none">And their tails whisking round in the heat of their flight.</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +By this time Jucundus had recovered from the +qualm which Juba’s intelligence had caused him, and +he cried out, <q>Cease your rubbish; old Gurta’s +jealous; I know her spite; Christian is the most +blackguard word in her vocabulary, its Barbar for +toad or adder. I see it all; no, Callista, the divine +Callista, must take in hand this piece of wax, sing a +charm, and mould him into a Vertumnus. She’ll +<pb n="68"/><anchor id="Pg068"/>show herself the more potent witch of the two. The +new emperor too will help the incantation.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>What! something is coming?</q> asked Juba, with +a grin. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Coming, boy? yes, I warrant you,</q> answered his +uncle. <q><hi rend="italic">We’ll</hi> make them squeak. If gentle means +don’t do, then we’ll just throw in another ingredient +or two: an axe, or a wild cat, or a firebrand.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Take care what you are about, if you deal with +Agellius,</q> said Juba. <q>He’s a sawney, but you must +not drive him to bay. Don’t threaten; keep to the +other line; he’s weak-hearted.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Only as a background to bring out the painting; +the Muse singing, all in light, relieved by sardix or +sepia. It <hi rend="italic">must</hi> come; but perhaps Agellius will +come first.</q> +</p> + +<milestone unit="tb"/> +<p> +It was indeed as Jucundus had hinted; a new policy, +a new era was coming upon Christianity, together with +the new emperor. Christians had hitherto been for +the most part the objects of popular fury rather than +of imperial jealousy. Nero, indeed, from his very +love of cruelty, had taken pleasure in torturing them: +but statesmen and philosophers, though at times +perplexed and inconsistent, yet on the whole had +despised them; and the superstition of priests and +people, with their <q>Christianos ad leones,</q> had been +the most formidable enemy of the faith. Accordingly, +atrocious as the persecution had been at times, it had +been conducted on no plan, and had been local and +<pb n="69"/><anchor id="Pg069"/>fitful. But even this trial had been suspended, with +but few interruptions, during the last thirty, nay, fifty +years. So favourable a state of things had been more +or less brought about by a succession of emperors, +who had shown an actual leaning to Christianity. +While the vigorous rule of the five good emperors, as +they are called, had had many passages in its history +of an adverse character, those who followed after, +being untaught in the traditions, and strangers to the +<anchor id="corr069"/><corr sic="spirit,">spirit</corr> of old Rome, foreigners, or adventurers, or +sensualists, were protectors of the new religion. The +favourite mistress of Commodus is even said to have +been a Christian; so is the nurse of Caracalla. The +wretched Heliogabalus, by his taste for Oriental +superstitions, both weakened the influence of the +established hierarchy, and encouraged the toleration +of a faith which came from Palestine. The virtuous +Alexander, who followed him, was a philosopher more +than a statesman; and, in pursuance of the syncretism +which he had adopted, placed the images of Abraham +and our Lord among the objects of devotion which +his private chapel contained. What is told us of the +Emperor Philip is still more to the point: the gravest +authorities report that he was actually a Christian; +and, since it cannot be doubted that Christians were +persuaded of the fact, the leaning of his government +must have been emphatically in their favour to account +for such a belief. In consequence, Christians showed +themselves without fear; they emerged from the +catacombs, and built churches in public view; and, +<pb n="70"/><anchor id="Pg070"/>though in certain localities, as in the instance of +Africa, they had suffered from the contact of the +world, they spread far and wide, and faith became +the instrument at least of political power, even where +it was wanting in charity, or momentarily disowned +by cowardice. In a word, though Celsus a hundred +years before had pronounced <q>a man weak who +should hope to unite the three portions of the earth +in a common religion,</q> that common Catholic faith +had been found, and a principle of empire was created +which had never before existed. The phenomenon +could not be mistaken; and the Roman statesman +saw he had to deal with a rival. Nor must we +suppose, because on the surface of the history we read +so much of the vicissitudes of imperial power, and +of the profligacy of its possessors, that the fabric of +government was not sustained by traditions of the +strongest temper, and by officials of the highest +sagacity. It was the age of lawyers and politicians; +and they saw more and more clearly that if Christianity +was not to revolutionize the empire, they must +follow out the line of action which Trajan and +Antoninus had pointed out. +</p> + +<p> +Decius then had scarcely assumed the purple, when +he commenced that new policy against the Church +which was reserved to Diocletian, fifty years later, +to carry out to its own final refutation. He entered +on his power at the end of the year 249; and on the +January 20th following, the day on which the Church +still celebrates the event, St. Fabian, Bishop of Rome, +<pb n="71"/><anchor id="Pg071"/>obtained the crown of martyrdom. He had been pope +for the unusually long space of fourteen years, having +been elected in consequence of one of those remarkable +interpositions of Divine Providence of which we +now and then read in the first centuries of the Church. +He had come up to Rome from the country, in order +to be present at the election of a successor to Pope +Anteros. A dove was seen to settle on his head, and +the assembly rose up and forced him, to his surprise, +upon the episcopal throne. After bringing back the +relics of St. Pontian, his martyred predecessor, from +Sardinia, and having become the apostle of great part +of Gaul, he seemed destined to end his history in the +same happy quiet and obscurity in which he had lived; +but it did not become a pope of that primitive time to +die upon his bed, and he was reserved at length to +inaugurate in his own person, as chief pastor of the +Church, a fresh company of martyrs. +</p> + +<p> +Suddenly an edict appeared for the extermination +of the name and religion of Christ. It was addressed +to the proconsuls and other governors of provinces; +and alleged or implied that the emperors, Decius and +his son, being determined to give peace to their subjects, +found the Christians alone an impediment to the +fulfilment of their purpose; and that, by reason of the +enmity which those sectaries entertained towards the +gods of Rome,—an enmity which was bringing down +upon the world multiplied misfortunes. Desirous, then, +above all things, of appeasing the divine anger, they +made an irrevocable ordinance that every Christian, +<pb n="72"/><anchor id="Pg072"/>without exception of rank, sex, or age, should be obliged +to sacrifice. Those who refused were to be thrown into +prison, and in the first instance submitted to moderate +punishments. If they conformed to the established +religion, they were to be rewarded; if not, they were +to be drowned, burned alive, exposed to the beasts, +hung upon the trees, or otherwise put to death. This +edict was read in the camp of the prætorians, posted +up in the Capitol, and sent over the empire by government +couriers. The authorities in each province were +themselves threatened with heavy penalties, if they did +not succeed in frightening or tormenting the Christians +into the profession of paganism. +</p> + +<p> +St. Fabian, as we have said, was the first-fruits of +the persecution, and eighteen months passed before his +successor could be appointed. In the course of the +next two months St. Pionius was burned alive at +Smyrna, and St. Nestor crucified in Pamphylia. At +Carthage some perplexity and delay were occasioned +by the absence of the proconsul. St. Cyprian, its +bishop, took advantage of the delay, and retired into +a place of concealment. The populace had joined +with the imperial government in seeking his life, and +had cried out furiously in the circus, demanding +him <q>ad leonem,</q> for the lion. A panic seized the +Christian body, and for a while there were far more +persons found to compromise their faith than to +confess it. It seemed as if Aristo’s anticipation was +justified, that Christianity was losing its hold upon +the mind of its subjects, and that nothing more was +<pb n="73"/><anchor id="Pg073"/>needed for those who had feared it, than to let it die +a natural death. And at Sicca the Roman officials, +as far as ever they dared, seemed to act on this view. +Here Christians did no harm, they made no show, +and there was little or nothing in the place to provoke +the anger of the mob or to necessitate the interference +of the magistrate. The proconsul’s absence from +Carthage was both an encouragement and an excuse +for delay; and hence it was that, though we are +towards the middle of the year 250, and the edict +was published at Rome at its commencement, the +good people of Sicca had, as we have said, little +knowledge of what was taking place in the political +world, and whispered about vague presages of an +intended measure, which had been in some places in +operation for many months. Communication with +the seat of government was not so very frequent or +rapid in those days, and public curiosity had not +been stimulated by the facilities of gratifying it. +And thus we must account for a phenomenon, which +we uphold to be a fact in the instance of Sicca, in the +early summer of <hi rend="small">A.D.</hi> 250, even though it prove unaccountable, +and history has nothing to say about it, +and in spite of the <hi rend="italic">Acta Diurna</hi>. +</p> + +<p> +The case, indeed, is different now. In these times, +newspapers, railroads, and magnetic telegraphs make +us independent of government messengers. The proceedings +at Rome would have been generally and accurately +known in a few seconds; and then, by way of +urging forward the magistracy, a question of course +<pb n="74"/><anchor id="Pg074"/>would have been asked in the parliament of Carthage +by the member for Sicca, or Laribus, or Thugga, or by +some one of the pagani, or country party, whether the +popular report was true, that an edict had been promulgated +at Rome against the Christians, and what +steps had been taken by the local authorities throughout +the proconsulate to carry out its provisions. And +then the <q>Colonia Siccensis</q> would have presented +some good or bad reason for the delay: that it arose +from the absence of the proconsul from the seat of +government, or from the unaccountable loss of the +despatch on its way from the coast; or, perhaps, on +the other hand, the under-secretary would have maintained, +amid the cheers of his supporters, that the edict +had been promulgated and carried out at Sicca to the +full, that crowds of Christians had at once sacrificed, +and that, in short, there was no one to punish; assertions +which at that moment were too likely to be verified +by the event. +</p> + +<p> +In truth, there were many reasons to make the +magistrates, both Roman and native, unwilling to +proceed in the matter, till they were obliged. No +doubt they one and all detested Christianity, and +would have put it down, if they could; but the question +was, when they came to the point, <hi rend="italic">what</hi> they +should put down. If, indeed, they could have got +hold of the ringleaders, the bishops of the Church, +they would have tortured and smashed them <hi rend="italic">con +amore</hi>, as you would kill a wasp; and with the greater +warmth and satisfaction, just because it was so difficult +<pb n="75"/><anchor id="Pg075"/>to get at them. Those bishops were a set of fellows +as mischievous as they were cowardly; they would +not come out and be killed, but they skulked in the +desert, and hid in masquerade. But why should +gentlemen in office, opulent and happy, set about +worrying a handful of idiots, old, or poor, or boys, or +women, or obscure, or amiable and well-meaning men, +who were but a remnant of a former generation, +and as little connected with the fanatics of Carthage, +Alexandria, or Rome, as the English freemasons may +seem to be with their namesakes on the continent? +True, Christianity was a secret society, and an illegal +religion; but would it cease to be so when those harmless +or respectable inhabitants of the place had been +mounted on the rack or the gibbet? +</p> + +<p> +And then, too, it was a most dangerous thing to +open the door to popular excitement;—who would be +able to shut it? Once rouse the populace, and it was +all over with the place. It could not be denied that +the bigoted and ignorant majority, not only of the +common people, but of the better classes, was steeped +in a bitter prejudice, and an intense, though latent, +hatred of Christianity. Besides the antipathy which +arose from the extremely different views of life and +duty taken by pagans and Christians, which would +give a natural impulse to persecution in the hearts +of the former, there were the many persons who wished +to curry favour at Rome with the government, and +had an eye to preferment or reward. There was +the pagan interest, extended and powerful, of that +<pb n="76"/><anchor id="Pg076"/>numerous class which was attached to the established +religions by habit, position, interest, or the prospect of +advantage. There were all the great institutions or +establishments of the place; the law courts, the +schools of grammar and rhetoric, the philosophic +<hi rend="italic">exedræ</hi> and lecture-rooms, the theatre, the amphitheatre, +the market—all were, for one reason or +another, opposed to Christianity; and who could tell +where they would stop in their onward course, if they +were set in motion? <q>Quieta non movenda</q> was the +motto of the local government, native and imperial, +and that the more, because it was an age of revolutions, +and they might be most unpleasantly compromised +or embarrassed by the direction which the +movement took. Besides, Decius was not immortal; +in the last twelve years eight emperors had been cut +off, six of them in a few months; and who could tell +but the successor of the present might revert to the +policy of Philip, and feel no thanks to those who had +suddenly left it for a policy of blood. +</p> + +<p> +In this cautious course they would be powerfully +supported by the influence of personal considerations. +The Roman <hi rend="italic">officia</hi>, the city magistrates, the heads of +the established religions, the lawyers, and the philosophers, +all would have punished the Christians, if they +could; but they could not agree whom to punish. +They would have agreed with great satisfaction, as we +have said, to inflict condign and capital punishment +upon the heads of the sect; and they would have had +no objection, if driven to do something, to get hold of +<pb n="77"/><anchor id="Pg077"/>some strangers or slaves, who might be a sort of scapegoats +for the rest; but it was impossible, when they +once began to persecute, to make distinctions, and +not a few of them had relations who were Christians, +or at least were on that border-land which the mob +might mistake for the domain of Christianity—Marcionites, +Tertullianists, Montanists, or Gnostics. When +once the cry of <q>the gods of Rome</q> was fairly up, it +would apply to tolerated religions as well as to illicit, +and an unhappy votary of Isis or Mithras might suffer, +merely because there were few Christians forthcoming. +A duumvir of the place had a daughter whom he +had turned out of his house for receiving baptism, and +who had taken refuge at Vacca. Several of the +decurions, the <hi rend="italic">tabularius</hi> of the district, the <hi rend="italic">scriba</hi>, +one of the exactors, who lived in Sicca, various of the +retired gentry, whom we spoke of in a former chapter, +and various <hi rend="italic">attachés</hi> of the prætorium, were in not +dissimilar circumstances. Nay, the priest of Esculapius +had a wife, whom he was very fond of, who, +though she promised to keep quiet, if things continued +as they were, nevertheless had the madness to vow +that, if there were any severe proceedings instituted +against her people, she would at once come forward, +confess herself a Christian, and throw water, instead +of incense, upon the sacrificial flame. Not to speak +of the venerable man’s tenderness for her, such an +exposure would seriously compromise his respectability, +and, as he was infirm and apoplectic, it was +a question whether Esculapius himself could save +<pb n="78"/><anchor id="Pg078"/> +him from the shock which would be the consequence. +</p> + +<p> +The same sort of feeling operated with our good +friend Jucundus. He was attached to his nephew; +but, be it said without disrespect to him, he was more +attached to his own reputation; and, while he would +have been seriously annoyed at seeing Agellius exposed +to one of the panthers of the neighbouring forest, or +hung up by the feet, with the blood streaming from +his nose and mouth, as one of the dogs or kids of the +market, he would have disliked the <hi rend="italic">éclat</hi> of the thing +still more. He felt both anger and alarm at the +prospect; he was conscious he did not understand his +nephew, or (to use a common phrase) know where to +find him; he was aware that a great deal of tact was +necessary to manage him; and he had an instinctive +feeling that Juba was right in saying that it would +not do to threaten him with the utmost severity of +the law. He considered Callista’s hold on him was +the most promising quarter of the horizon; so he +came to a resolution to do as little as he could personally, +but to hold Agellius’s head, as far as he could, +steadily in the direction of that lady, and to see what +came of it. As to Juba’s assurance that Agellius was +not a Christian at heart, it was too good news to be +true; but still it might be only an anticipation of what +would be, when the sun of Greece shone out upon +him, and dispersed the remaining mists of Oriental +superstition. +</p> + +<p> +In this state of mind the old gentleman determined +<pb n="79"/><anchor id="Pg079"/>one afternoon to leave his shop to the care of a slave, +and to walk down to his nephew, to judge for himself +of his state of mind; to bait his hook with Callista, +and to see if Agellius bit. There was no time to be +lost, for the publication of the edict might be made +any day; and then disasters might ensue which no +skill could remedy. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="VIII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="80"/><anchor id="Pg080"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="VIII. The new generation"/> +<head>CHAPTER VIII.</head> + +<head type="sub">THE NEW GENERATION.</head> + +<p> +Jucundus, then, set out to see how the land lay with +his nephew, and to do what he could to prosper the +tillage. His way led him by the temple of Mercury, +which at that time subserved the purpose of a boy’s +school, and was connected with some academical +buildings, the property of the city, which lay beyond +it. It cannot be said that our friend was any warm +patron of literature or education, though he had not +neglected the schooling of his nephews. Letters +seemed to him in fact to unsettle the mind; and he +had never known much good come of them. Rhetoricians +and philosophers did not know where they +stood, or what were their bearings. They did not +know what they held, and what they did not. He +knew his own position perfectly well, and, though the +words <q>belief</q> or <q>knowledge</q> did not come into +his religious vocabulary, he could at once, without +hesitation, state what he professed and maintained. +He stood upon the established order of things, on the +traditions of Rome, and the laws of the empire; but +as to Greek sophists and declaimers, he thought very +much as old Cato did about them. The Greeks were +<pb n="81"/><anchor id="Pg081"/>a very clever people, unrivalled in the fine arts; let +them keep to their strong point; they were inimitable +with the chisel, the brush, the trowel, and the fingers; +but he was not prepared to think much of their +<hi rend="italic">calamus</hi> or <hi rend="italic">stylus</hi>, poetry excepted. What did they +ever do but subvert received principles without substituting +any others? And then they were so likely to +take some odd turn themselves; you never could be +sure of them. Socrates, their patriarch, what was he +after all but a culprit, a convict, who had been obliged +to drink hemlock, dying under the hands of justice? +Was this a reputable end, a respectable commencement +of the philosophic family? It was very well for +Plato or Xenophon to throw a veil of romance over +the transaction, but this was the plain matter of fact. +Then Anaxagoras had been driven out of Athens for +his revolutionary notions; and Diogenes had been +accused, like the Christians, of atheism. The case +had been the same in more recent times. There had +been that madman, Apollonius, roaming about the +world; Apuleius, too, their neighbour, fifty years +before, a man of respectable station, a gentleman, but +a follower of the Greek philosophy, a dabbler in magic, +and a pretender to miracles. And so, in fact, of letters +generally; as in their own country Minucius, a contemporary +of Apuleius, became a Christian. Such, +too, had been his friend Octavius; such Cæcilius, who +even became one of the priests of the sect, and seduced +others from the religion he had left. One of them +had been the public talk for several years, and he +<pb n="82"/><anchor id="Pg082"/>too originally a rhetorician, Thascius Cyprianus of +Carthage. It was the one thing which gave him some +misgiving about that little Callista, that she was a +Greek. +</p> + +<p> +As he passed the temple, the metal plate was sounding +as a signal for the termination of the school, and +on looking towards the portico with an ill-natured +curiosity, he saw a young acquaintance of his, a youth of +about twenty, coming out of it, leading a boy of about +half that age, with his satchel thrown over his shoulder. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, Arnobius,</q><note place="foot">Here is an anachronism, as regards Arnobius and Lactantius +of some twenty or thirty years.</note> he cried, <q>how does rhetoric +proceed? are we to take the law line, or turn professor? +Who’s the boy? some younger brother?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I’ve taken pity on the little fool,</q> answered +Arnobius; <q>these schoolmasters are a savage lot. +I suffered enough from them myself, and <q>miseris +succurrere disco.</q> So I took him from under the +roof of friend Rupilius, and he’s under my tutelage. +How did he treat thee, boy?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>He treated me like a slave or a Christian,</q> answered +he. +</p> + +<p> +<q>He deserved it, I’ll warrant,</q> said Jucundus; <q>a +pert, forward imp. ’Twas Gete against Briton. Much +good comes of schooling! He’s a wicked one already. +Ah, the new generation! I don’t know where the +world’s going.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Tell the gentleman,</q> said Arnobius, <q>what he did +first to you, my boy.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="83"/><anchor id="Pg083"/> + +<p> +<q>As the good gentleman says,</q> answered the boy, +<q>first I did something to him, and then he did something +to me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I told you so,</q> said Jucundus; <q>a sensible boy, +after all; but the schoolmaster had the best of it, I’ll +wager.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>First,</q> answered he, <q>I grinned in his face, and +he took off his wooden shoe, and knocked out one of +my teeth.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Good,</q> said Jucundus, <q>the justice of Pythagoras. +Zaleuchus could not have done better. The mouth +sins, and the mouth suffers.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Next,</q> continued he, <q>I talked in school-time to +my chum; and Rupilius put a gag in my jaws, and +kept them open for an hour.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The very Rhadamanthus of schoolmasters!</q> cried +Jucundus: <q>and thereupon you struck up a chant, +divine though inarticulate, like the statue of Memnon.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Then,</q> said the boy, <q>I could not say my Virgil, +and he tore the shirt from off my back, and gave it me +with the leather.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ay,</q> answered Jucundus, <q><q>arma virumque</q> +branded on your hide.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Afterwards I ate his dinner for him,</q> continued +the boy, <q>and then he screwed my head, and kept me +without food for two days.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Your throat, you mean,</q> said Jucundus; <q>a cautious +man! lest you should steal a draught or two of +good strong air.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>And lastly,</q> said he, <q>I did not bring my pence, +<pb n="84"/><anchor id="Pg084"/>and then he tied my hands to a gibbet, and hung me +up <hi rend="italic">in terrorem</hi>.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>There I came in,</q> said Arnobius; <q>he seemed a +pretty boy, so I cut him down, paid his æra, and took +him home.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>And now he is your pupil?</q> asked Jucundus. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Not yet,</q> answered Arnobius; <q>he is still a day-scholar +of the old wolf’s; one is like another; he could +not change for the better: but I am his bully, and +shall tutorize him some day. He’s a sharp lad, isn’t +he, Firmian?</q> turning to the boy; <q>a great hand at +composition for his years; better than I am, who never +shall write Latin decently. Yet what can I do? I +must profess and teach, for Rome is the only place for +the law, and these city professorships are not to be +despised.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Whom are you attending here?</q> asked Jucundus, +drily. +</p> + +<p> +<q>You are the only man in Sicca who needs to ask +the question. What! not know the great Polemo of +Rhodes, the friend of Plotinus, the pupil of Theagenes, +the disciple of Thrasyllus, the hearer of Nicomachus, +who was of the school of Secundus, the doctor +of the new Pythagoreans? Not feel the presence in +Sicca of Polemo, the most celebrated, the most intolerable +of men? That, however, is not his title, but the +<q>godlike,</q> or the <q>oracular,</q> or the <q>portentous,</q> or +something else as impressive. Every one goes to him. +He is the rage. I should not have a chance of success +if I could not say that I had attended his +<pb n="85"/><anchor id="Pg085"/>lectures; though I’d be bound our little Firmian here +would deliver as good. He’s the very cariophyllus of +human nature. He comes to the schools in a litter of +cedar, ornamented with silver and covered with a +lion’s skin, slaves carrying him, and a crowd of friends +attending, with the state of a proconsul. He is +dressed in the most exact style; his pallium is of the +finest wool, white, picked out with purple; his tresses +flow with unguent, his fingers glitter with rings, and +he smells like Idalium. As soon as he puts foot on +earth, a great hubbub of congratulation and homage +breaks forth. He takes no notice; his favourite pupils +form a circle round him, and conduct him into one +of the <hi rend="italic">exedræ</hi>, till the dial shows the time for lecture. +Here he sits in silence, looking at nothing, or at the +wall opposite him, talking to himself, a hum of admiration +filling the room. Presently one of his pupils, +as if he were præco to the duumvir, cries out, <q>Hush, +gentlemen, hush! the godlike</q>—no, it is not that. I’ve +not got it. What <hi rend="italic">is</hi> his title? <q>the Bottomless,</q> that’s +it—<q>the Bottomless speaks.</q> A dead silence ensues; +a clear voice and a measured elocution are the sure +token that it is the outpouring of the oracle. <q>Pray,</q> +says the little man, <q>pray, which existed first, the egg +or the chick? Did the chick lay the egg, or the egg +hatch the chick?</q> Then there ensues a whispering, a +disputing, and after a while a dead silence. At the +end of a quarter of an hour or so, our præco speaks +again, and this time to the oracle. <q>Bottomless man,</q> +he says, <q>I have to represent to you that no one of +<pb n="86"/><anchor id="Pg086"/>the present company finds himself equal to answer the +question, which your condescension has proposed to our +consideration!</q> On this there is a fresh silence, and at +length a fresh <hi rend="italic">effatum</hi> from the hierophant: <q>Which +comes first, the egg or the chick? The egg comes first +in relation to the causativity of the chick, and the chick +comes first in relation to the causativity of the egg,</q> on +which there is a burst of applause; the ring of adorers +is broken through, and the shrinking professor is carried +in the arms or on the shoulders of the literary crowd to +his chair in the lecture-room.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Much as there was in Arnobius’s description which +gratified Jucundus’s prejudices, he had suspicions of +his young acquaintance, and was not in the humour to +be pleased unreservedly with those who satirized anything +whatever that was established, or was appointed +by government, even affectation and pretence. He +said something about the wisdom of ages, the reverence +due to authority, the institutions of Rome, and the +magistrates of Sicca. <q>Do not go after novelties,</q> he +said to Arnobius; <q>make a daily libation to Jove, the +preserver, and to the genius of the emperor, and then +let other things take their course.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>But you don’t mean I must believe all this man +says, because the decurions have put him here?</q> cried +Arnobius. <q>Here is this Polemo saying that Proteus +is matter, and that minerals and vegetables are his +flock; that Proserpine is the vital influence, and Ceres +the efficacy of the heavenly bodies; that there are +mundane spirits, and supramundane; and then his +<pb n="87"/><anchor id="Pg087"/>doctrine about triads, monads, and progressions of the +celestial gods?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Hm!</q> said Jucundus; <q>they did not say so when +I went to school; but keep to my rule, my boy, and +swear by the genius of Rome and the emperor.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I don’t believe in god or goddess, emperor or +Rome, or in any philosophy, or in any religion at all,</q> +said Arnobius. +</p> + +<p> +<q>What!</q> cried Jucundus, <q>you’re not going to +desert the gods of your ancestors?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ancestors?</q> said Arnobius; <q>I’ve no ancestors. +I’m not African certainly, not Punic, not Libophœnician, +not Canaanite, not Numidian, not Gætulian. +I’m half Greek, but what the other half is I don’t know. +My good old gaffer, you’re one of the old world. I +believe nothing. Who can? There is such a racket +and whirl of religions on all sides of me that I am sick +of the subject.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah, the rising generation!</q> groaned Jucundus; +<q>you young men! I cannot prophesy what you will +become, when we old fellows are removed from the +scene. Perhaps you’re a Christian?</q> +</p> + +<p> +Arnobius laughed. <q>At least I can give you comfort +on that head, old grandfather. A pretty Christian +<hi rend="italic">I</hi> should make, indeed! seeing visions, to be sure, and +rejoicing in the rack and dungeon! I wish to enjoy +life; I see wealth, power, rank, and pleasure to be +worth living for, and I see nothing else.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well said, my lad,</q> cried Jucundus, <q>well said; +stick to that. I declare you frightened me. Give up +<pb n="88"/><anchor id="Pg088"/>all visions, speculations, conjectures, fancies, novelties, +discoveries; nothing comes of them but confusion.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>No, no,</q> answered the youth; <q>I’m not so wild +as you seem to think, Jucundus. It is true I don’t +believe one single word about the gods; but in their +worship was I born, and in their worship I will die.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Admirable!</q> cried Jucundus in a transport; <q>well, +I’m surprised; you have taken me by surprise. You’re +a fine fellow; you are a boy after my heart. I’ve a +good mind to adopt you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You see I can’t believe one syllable of all the +priests’ trash,</q> said Arnobius; <q>who does? not they. +I don’t believe in Jupiter or Juno, or in Astarte or +in Isis; but where shall I go for anything better? +or why need I seek anything good or bad in that +line? Nothing’s known anywhere, and life would go +while I attempted what is impossible. No, better +stay where I am; I may go further, and gain a loss +for my pains. So you see I am for myself, and for the +genius of Rome.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>That’s the true principle,</q> answered the delighted +Jucundus. <q>Why, really, for so young a man, surprising! +Where <hi rend="italic">did</hi> you get so much good sense, my +dear fellow? <hi rend="italic">I’ve</hi> seen very little of you. Well, +this I’ll say, you are a youth of most mature mind. +To be sure! Well! Such youths are rare now-a-days. +I congratulate you with all my heart on your strong +sense and your admirable wisdom. Who’d have +thought it? I’ve always, to tell the truth, had a little +suspicion of you; but you’ve come out nobly. +<pb n="89"/><anchor id="Pg089"/>Capital! I don’t wish you to believe in the gods if +you can’t; but it’s your duty, dear boy, your duty to +Rome to maintain them, and to rally round them +when attacked.</q> Then with a changed voice, he +added, <q>Ah, that a young friend of mine had your +view of the matter!</q> and then, fearing he had said +too much, he stopped abruptly. +</p> + +<p> +<q>You mean Agellius,</q> said Arnobius. <q>You’ve +heard, by-the-bye,</q> he continued in a lower tone, +<q>what’s the talk in the Capitol, that at Rome they +are proceeding on a new plan against the Christians +with great success. They don’t put to death, at +least at once; they keep in prison, and threaten +the torture. It’s surprising how many come over.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The Furies seize them!</q> exclaimed Jucundus: +<q>they deserve everything bad, always excepting my +poor boy. So they are cheating the hangman by +giving up their atheism, the vile reptiles, giving in to +a threat. However,</q> he added gravely, <q>I wish threats +would answer with Agellius; but I greatly fear that +menace would only make him stubborn. That stubbornness +of a Christian! O Arnobius!</q> he said, shaking his +head and looking solemn, <q>it’s a visitation from the +gods, a sort of <hi rend="italic">nympholepsia</hi>.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>It’s going out,</q> said Arnobius, <q>mark my words; +the frenzy is dying. It’s only wonderful it should +have lasted for three centuries. The report runs that +in some places, when the edict was published, the +Christians did not wait for a summons, but swept up +to the temples to sacrifice, like a shoal of tunnies. The +<pb n="90"/><anchor id="Pg090"/>magistrates were obliged to take so many a day; and, +as the days went on, none so eager to bring over the +rest as those who have already become honest men. +Nay, not a few of their mystic or esoteric class have +conformed.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>If so, unless Agellius looks sharp,</q> said Jucundus, +<q>his sect will give him up before he gives up his sect. +Christianity will be converted before him.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Oh, don’t fear for him!</q> said Arnobius; <q>I knew +him at school. Boys differ; some are bold and open. +They like to be men, and to dare the deeds of men; +they talk freely, and take their swing in broad day. +Others are shy, reserved, bashful, and are afraid to do +what they love quite as much as the others. Agellius +never could rub off this shame, and it has taken this +turn. He’s sure to outgrow it in a year or two. I +should not wonder if, when once he had got over it, he +went into the opposite fault. You’ll find him a drinker +and a swaggerer and a spendthrift before many years +are over.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, that’s good news,</q> said Jucundus; <q>I mean, +I am glad you think he will shake off these fancies. +I don’t believe they sit very close to him myself.</q> +</p> + +<p> +He walked on for a while in silence; then he said, +<q>That seems a sharp child, Arnobius. Could he do me +a service if I wanted it? Does he know Agellius?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Know him?</q> answered the other; <q>yes, and his +farm too. He has rambled round Sicca, many is the +mile. And he knows the short cuts, and the blind ways, +and safe circuits.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="91"/><anchor id="Pg091"/> + +<p> +<q>What’s the boy’s name?</q> asked Jucundus. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Firmian,</q> answered Arnobius. <q>Firmian Lactantius.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I say, Firmian,</q> said Jucundus to him, <q>where are +you to be found of a day, my boy?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>At class morning and afternoon,</q> answered Firmian, +<q>sleeping in the porticoes in midday, nowhere +in the evening, and roosting with Arnobius at night.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>And you can keep a secret, should it so happen?</q> +asked Jucundus, <q>and do an errand, if I gave you +one?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I’ll give him the stick worse than Rupilius, if he +does not,</q> said Arnobius. +</p> + +<p> +<q>A bargain,</q> cried Jucundus; and, waving his hand +to them, he stept through the city gate, and they returned +to their afternoon amusements. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="IX" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="92"/><anchor id="Pg092"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="IX. Jucundus baits his trap"/> +<head>CHAPTER IX.</head> + +<head type="sub">JUCUNDUS BAITS HIS TRAP.</head> + +<p> +Agellius is busily employed upon his farm. While +the enemies of his faith are laying their toils for him +and his brethren in the imperial city, in the proconsular +<hi rend="italic">officium</hi>, and in the municipal curia,—while +Jucundus is scheming against him personally in another +way and with other intentions,—the unconscious object +of these machinations is busy about his master’s crops, +housing the corn in caves or pits, distilling the roses, +irrigating the <hi rend="italic">khennah</hi>, and training and sheltering the +vines. And he does so, not only from a sense of duty, +but the more assiduously, because he finds in constant +employment a protection against himself, against idle +thoughts, wayward wishes, discontent, and despondency. +It is doubtless very strange to the reader +how any one who professed himself a Christian in +good earnest should be open to the imputation of +resting his hopes and his heart in the tents of +paganism; but we do not see why Agellius has +not quite as much right to be inconsistent in one +way as Christians of the present time in another, +and perhaps he has more to say for himself than +they. They have not had the trial of solitude, +<pb n="93"/><anchor id="Pg093"/>nor the consequent temptation to which he has been +exposed, of seeking relief from his own thoughts in +the company of unbelievers. When a boy he had +received his education at that school in the Temple +of Mercury of which we heard in the foregoing +chapter; and though happily he had preserved himself +from the contagion of idolatry and sin, he had on +that very account formed no friendships with his +schoolfellows. Whether there were any Christians +there besides himself he did not know; but while +the worst of his schoolfellows were what heathen +boys may be supposed to be, the lightest censure +which could be passed on any was that they were +greedy, or quarrelsome, or otherwise unamiable. He +had learned there enough to open his mind, and to +give him materials for thinking, and instruments for +reflecting on his own religion, and for drawing out +into shape his own reflections. He had received just +that discipline which makes solitude most pleasant to +the old, and most insupportable to the young. He +had got a thousand questions which needed answers, +a thousand feelings which needed sympathy. He +wanted to know whether his guesses, his perplexities, +his trials of mind, were peculiar to himself, or how far +they were shared by others, and what they were worth. +He had capabilities for intellectual enjoyment unexercised, +and a thirst after knowledge unsatisfied. +And the channels of supernatural assistance were +removed from him at a time when nature was most +impetuous and most clamorous. +</p> + +<pb n="94"/><anchor id="Pg094"/> + +<p> +It was under circumstances such as these that two +young Greeks, brother and sister, the brother older, +the sister younger, than Agellius, came to Sicca at +the invitation of Jucundus, who wanted them for his +trade. His nephew in time got acquainted with +them, and found in them what he had sought in vain +elsewhere. It is not that they were oracles of wisdom +or repositories of philosophical learning; their age +and their calling forbade it, nor did he require it. For +an oracle, of course, he would have looked in another +direction; but he desiderated something more on a +level with himself, and that they abundantly supplied. +He found, from his conversations with them, +that a great number of the questions which had been +a difficulty to him had already been agitated in the +schools of Greece. He found what solutions were +possible, what the hinge was on which questions +turned, what the issue to which they led, and what +the principle which lay at the bottom of them. He +began better to understand the position of Christianity +in the world of thought, and the view which was taken +of it by the advocates of other religions or philosophies. +He gained some insight into its logic, and +advanced, without knowing it, in the investigation of +its evidences. +</p> + +<p> +Nor was this all; he acquired by means of his +new friends a great deal also of secular knowledge +as well as philosophical. He learned much of the +history of foreign countries, especially of Greece, of +its heroes and sages, its poets and its statesmen, of +<pb n="95"/><anchor id="Pg095"/>Alexander, of the Syro-Macedonic empire, of the Jews, +and of the series of conquests through which Rome +advanced to universal dominion. +</p> + +<p> +To impart knowledge is as interesting as to acquire +it; and Agellius was called upon to give as well as to +take. The brother and sister, without showing any +great religious earnestness, were curious to know +about Christianity, and listened with the more +patience that they had no special attachment to any +other worship. In the debates which ensued, though +there was no agreement, there was the pleasure of +mental exercise and excitement; he found enough to +tell them without touching upon the more sacred +mysteries; and while he never felt his personal faith +at all endangered by their free conversation, his +charity, or at least his good-will and his gratitude, +led him to hope, or even to think, that they were +in the way of conversion themselves. In this thought +he was aided by his own innocence and simplicity; +and though, on looking back afterwards to this eventful +season, he recognized many trivial occurrences +which ought to have put him on his guard, yet he had +no suspicion at the time that those who conversed so +winningly, and sustained so gracefully and happily the +commerce of thought and sentiment, might in their +actual state, nay, in their governing principles, be in +utter contrariety to himself when the veil was removed +from off their hearts. +</p> + +<p> +Nor was it in serious matters alone, but still more +on lighter occasions of intercourse, that Aristo and +<pb n="96"/><anchor id="Pg096"/>Callista were attractive to the solitary Agellius. She +had a sweet thrilling voice, and accompanied herself +on the lyre. She could act the <hi rend="italic">improvisatrice</hi>, and her +expressive features were a running commentary on the +varied meaning, the sunshine and the shade, of her +ode or her epic. She could relate how the profane +Pentheus and the self-glorious Hippolytus gave a +lesson to the world of the feebleness of human virtue +when it placed itself in opposition to divine power. +She could teach how the chaste Diana manifests herself +to the simple shepherd Endymion, not to the great +or learned; and how Tithonus, the spouse of the Morn, +adumbrates the fate of those who revel in their youth, +as if it were to last for ever; and who, when old, do +nothing but talk of the days when they were young, +wearying others with tales of <q>their amours or their +exploits, like grasshoppers that show their vigour only +by their chirping.</q><note place="foot">Bacon.</note> The very allegories which sickened +and irritated Arnobius when spouted out by +Polemo, touched the very chords of poor Agellius’s heart +when breathed forth from the lips of the beautiful +Greek. +</p> + +<p> +She could act also; and suddenly, when conversation +flagged or suggested it, she could throw herself +into the part of Medea or Antigone, with a force and +truth which far surpassed the effect produced by the +male and masked representations of those characters +at the theatre. Brother and sister were Œdipus and +Antigone, Electra and Orestes, Cassandra and the +<pb n="97"/><anchor id="Pg097"/>Chorus. Once or twice they attempted a scene in +Menander; but there was something which made +Agellius shrink from the comedy, beautiful as it was, +and clever as was the representation. Callista could +act Thais as truly as Iphigenia, but Agellius could +not listen as composedly. There are certain most +delicate instincts and perceptions in us which act as +first principles, and which, once effaced, can never, +except from some supernatural source, be restored +to the mind. When men are in a state of nature, +these are sinned against, and vanish very soon, at so +early a date in the history of the individual that +perhaps he does not recollect that he ever possessed +them; and since, like other first principles, they are +but very partially capable of proof, a general scepticism +prevails both as to their existence and their +truth. The Greeks, partly from the vivacity of their +intellect, partly from their passion for the beautiful, +lost these celestial adumbrations sooner than other +nations. When a collision arose on such matters +between Agellius and his friends, Callista kept silence; +but Aristo was not slow to express his wonder that +the young Christian should think customs or practices +wrong which, in his view of the matter, were as +unblamable and natural as eating, drinking, or sleeping. +His own face became almost satirical as Agellius’s +became grave; however, he was too companionable +and good-natured to force another to be happy +in his own way; he imputed to the extravagance of his +friend’s religion what in any but a Christian he would +<pb n="98"/><anchor id="Pg098"/>have called moroseness and misanthropy; and he +bade his sister give over representations which, +instead of enlivening the passing hour, did but inflict +pain. +</p> + +<p> +This friendly intercourse had now gone on for some +months, as the leisure of both parties admitted. Once +or twice brother and sister had come to the suburban +farm; but for the most part, in spite of his intense +dislike of the city, he had for their sake threaded its +crowded and narrow thoroughfares, crossed its open +places, and presented himself at their apartments. +And was it very strange that a youth so utterly ignorant +of the world, and unsuspicious of evil, should not +have heard the warning voice which called him to +separate himself from heathenism, even in its most +specious form? Was it very strange, under these circumstances, +that a sanguine hope, the hope of the +youthful, should have led Agellius to overlook obstacles, +and beguile himself into the notion that Callista might +be converted, and make a good Christian wife? Well, +we have nothing more to say for him; if we have +not already succeeded in extenuating his offence, we +must leave him to the mercy, or rather to the justice, +of his severely virtuous censors. +</p> + +<p> +But all this while Jucundus had been conversing +with him; and, unless we are quick about it, we shall +lose several particulars which are necessary for those +who wish to pursue without a break the thread of his +history. His uncle had brought the conversation +round to the delicate point which had occasioned his +<pb n="99"/><anchor id="Pg099"/>visit, and had just broken the ice. With greater tact, +and more ample poetical resources than we should +have given him credit for, he had been led from the +scene before him to those prospects of a moral and +social character which ought soon to employ the +thoughts of his dear Agellius. He had spoken of +vines and of their culture, <hi rend="italic">apropos</hi> of the dwarf vines +around him, which stood about the height of a currant-bush. +Thence he had proceeded to the subject of the +more common vine of Africa, which crept and crawled +along the ground, the extremity of each plant resting +in succession on the stock of that which immediately +preceded it. And now, being well into his subject, he +called to mind the high vine of Italy, which mounts +by the support of the slim tree to which it clings. +Then he quoted Horace on the subject of the marriage +of the elm and the vine. This lodged him <hi rend="italic">in +medias res</hi>; and Agellius’s heart beat when he found +his uncle proposing to him, as a thought of his own, +the very step which he had fancied was almost a +secret of his own breast, though Juba had seemed to +have some suspicion of it. +</p> + +<p> +<q>My dear Agellius,</q> said Jucundus, <q>it would be +a most suitable proceeding. I have never taken to +marrying myself; it has not lain in my way, or +been to my taste. Your father did not set me an +encouraging example; but here you are living by +yourself, in this odd fashion, unlike any one else. +Perhaps you may come in time and live in Sicca. We +shall find some way of employing you, and it will be +<pb n="100"/><anchor id="Pg100"/>pleasant to have you near me as I get old. However, +I mean it to be some time yet before Charon makes +a prize of me; not that I believe all that rubbish more +than you, Agellius, I assure you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>It strikes me,</q> Agellius began, <q>that perhaps you +may think it inconsistent in me taking such a step, +but—</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ay, ay, that’s the rub,</q> thought Jucundus; then +aloud, <q>Inconsistent, my boy! who talks of inconsistency? +what superfine jackanapes dares to call it +inconsistent? You seem made for each other, Agellius—she +town, you country; she so clever and attractive, +and up to the world, you so fresh and Arcadian. +You’ll be quite the talk of the place.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>That’s just what I don’t want to be,</q> said Agellius. +<q>I mean to say,</q> he continued, <q>that if I +thought it inconsistent with my religion to think of +Callista—</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Of course, of course,</q> interrupted his uncle, who +took his cue from Juba, and was afraid of the workings +of Agellius’s human respect; <q>but who knows you +have been a Christian? no one knows anything about +it. I’ll be bound they all think you an honest fellow +like themselves, a worshipper of the gods, without +crotchets or hobbies of any kind. I never told them +to the contrary. My opinion is, that if you were to +make your libation to Jove, and throw incense upon +the imperial altar to-morrow, no one would think it +extraordinary. They would say for certain that they +<pb n="101"/><anchor id="Pg101"/>had seen you do it again and again. Don’t fancy for +an instant, my dear Agellius, that you have anything +whatever to get over.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius was getting awkward and mortified, as may +be easily conceived, and Jucundus saw it, but could +not make out why. <q>My dear uncle,</q> said the youth, +<q>you are reproaching me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Not a bit of it,</q> said Jucundus, confidently, <q>not +a shadow of reproach; why should I reproach you? +We can’t be wise all at once; <hi rend="italic">I</hi> had my follies once, +as you may have had yours. It’s natural you should +grow more attached to things as they are,—things as +they are, you know,—as time goes on. Marriage, and +the preparation for marriage, sobers a man. You’ve +been a little headstrong, I can’t deny, and had your +fling in your own way; but <q>nuces pueris,</q> as you +will soon be saying yourself on a certain occasion. +Your next business is to consider what kind of a +marriage you propose. I suppose the Roman, but +there is great room for choice even there.</q> +</p> + +<p> +It is a proverb how different things are in theory +and when reduced to practice. Agellius had thought +of the end more than of the means, and had had a +vision of Callista as a Christian, when the question of +rites and forms would have been answered by the +decision of the Church without his trouble. He <hi rend="italic">was</hi> +somewhat sobered by the question, though in a different +way from what his uncle wished and intended. +</p> + +<p> +Jucundus proceeded—<q>First, there is <hi rend="italic">matrimonium +confarreationis</hi>. You have nothing to do with that: +<pb n="102"/><anchor id="Pg102"/>strictly speaking, it is obsolete; it went out with the +exclusiveness of the old patricians. I say <q>strictly +speaking</q>; for the ceremonies remain, waiving the +formal religious rite. Well, my dear Agellius, I don’t +recommend this ceremonial to you. You’d have to +kill a porker, to take out the entrails, to put away the +gall, and to present it to Juno Pronuba. And there’s +fire, too, and water, and frankincense, and a great +deal of the same kind, which I think undesirable, and +you would too; for there, I am sure, we are agreed. +We put this aside then, the religious marriage. Next +comes the marriage <hi rend="italic">ex coemptione</hi>, a sort of mercantile +transaction. In this case the parties buy each +other, and become each other’s property. Well, +every man to his taste; but for me, I don’t like to be +bought and sold. I like to be my own master, and +am suspicious of anything irrevocable. Why should +you commit yourself (do you see?) for ever, <hi rend="italic">for ever</hi>, +to a girl you know so little of? Don’t look surprised: +it’s common sense. It’s very well to buy +<hi rend="italic">her</hi>; but to be bought, that’s quite another matter. +And I don’t know that you can. Being a Roman +citizen yourself, you can only make a marriage +with a citizen; now the question is whether Callista +is a citizen at all. I know perfectly well the sweeping +measure some years back of Caracalla, which +made all freemen citizens of Rome, whatever might +be their country; but that measure has never been +carried out in fact. You’d have very great difficulty +with the law and the customs of the country; and +<pb n="103"/><anchor id="Pg103"/>then, after all, if the world were willing to gratify +you, where’s your proof she is a freewoman? My +dear boy, I must speak out for your good, though +you’re offended with me. I wish you to have her, +I do; but you can’t do impossibilities—you can’t +alter facts. The laws of the empire allow you to +have her in a certain definite way, and no other; +and you cannot help the law being what it is. I +say all this, even on the supposition of her being a +freewoman; but it is just possible she may be in +law a slave. Don’t start in that way; the pretty +thing is neither better nor worse for what she cannot +help. I say it for your good. Well, now I’m coming +to my point. There is a third kind of marriage, and +that is what I should recommend for you. It’s the +<hi rend="italic">matrimonium ex usu</hi>, or <hi rend="italic">consuetudine</hi>; the great advantage +here is, that you have no ceremonies whatever, +nothing which can in any way startle your sensitive +mind. In that case, a couple are at length man and +wife <hi rend="italic">præscriptione</hi>. You are afraid of making a stir +in Sicca; in this case you would make none. You +would simply take her home here; if, as time went +on, you got on well together, it would be a marriage; +if not,</q>—and he shrugged his shoulders—<q>no harm’s +done; you are both free.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius had been sitting on a gate of one of the +vineyards; he started on his feet, threw up his arms, +and made an exclamation. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Listen, listen, my dear boy!</q> cried Jucundus, +hastening to explain what he considered the cause of +<pb n="104"/><anchor id="Pg104"/>his sudden annoyance; <q>listen, just one moment, +Agellius, if you can. Dear, dear, how I wish I knew +where to find you! What <hi rend="italic">is</hi> the matter? I’m not +treating her ill, I’m not indeed. I have not had any +notion at all even of hinting that you should leave her, +unless you both wished the bargain rescinded. No, but +it is a great rise for her; you are a Roman, with property, +with position in the place; she’s a stranger, and +without a dower: nobody knows whence she came, or +anything about her. She ought to have no difficulty +about it, and I am confident will have none.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>O my good, dear uncle! O Jucundus, Jucundus!</q> +cried Agellius, <q>is it possible? do my ears hear +right? What is it you ask me to do?</q> and he burst +into tears. <q>Is it conceivable,</q> he said, with energy, +<q>that you are in earnest in recommending me—I say +in recommending me—a marriage which really would +be no marriage at all?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Here is some very great mistake,</q> said Jucundus, +angrily; <q>it arises, Agellius, from your ignorance of +the world. You must be thinking I recommend you +mere <hi rend="italic">contubernium</hi>, as the lawyers call it. Well, I +confess I did think of that for a moment, it occurred +to me; I should have liked to have mentioned it, but +knowing how preposterously touchy and skittish you +are on supposed points of honour, or sentiment, or +romance, or of something or other indescribable, I +said not one word about that. I have only wished to +consult for your comfort, present and future. You +don’t do me justice, Agellius. I have been attempting +<pb n="105"/><anchor id="Pg105"/>to smooth your way. You <hi rend="italic">must</hi> act according to the +received usages of society! you cannot make a world +for yourself. Here have I proposed three or four +ways for your proceeding: you will have none of +them. What <hi rend="italic">will</hi> you have? I thought you didn’t +like ceremonies; I thought you did not like the established +ways. Go, then, do it in the old fashion; kill +your sheep, knead your meal, light your torches, sing +your song, summon your flamen, if he’ll come. Any +how, take your choice; do it either with religion or +without.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>O Jucundus!</q> said the poor fellow, <q>am I then +come to this?</q> and he could say no more. +</p> + +<p> +His distress was not greater than his uncle’s disappointment, +perplexity, and annoyance. The latter +had been making everything easy for Agellius, and +he was striking, do what he would, on hidden, inexplicable +impediments, whichever way he moved. He +got more and more angry the more he thought about +it. An unreasonable, irrational coxcomb! He had +heard a great deal of the portentous stubbornness of +a Christian, and now he understood what it was. It +was in his blood, he saw; an offensive, sour humour, +tainting him from head to foot. A very different +recompense had he deserved. There had he come all +the way from his home from purely disinterested +feelings. He had no motive whatever, but a simple +desire of his nephew’s welfare; what other motive +could he have? <q>Let Agellius go to the crows,</q> he +thought, <q>if he will; what is it to me if he is seized +<pb n="106"/><anchor id="Pg106"/>for a Christian, hung up like a dog, or thrown like a +dead rat into the <hi rend="italic">cloaca</hi> of the prison? What care I if +he is made a hyæna’s breakfast in the amphitheatre, +all Sicca looking on, or if he is nailed on a cross for +the birds to peck at before my door? Ungrateful +puppy! it is no earthly concern of mine what becomes +of him. I shall be neither better nor worse. No +one will say a word against Jucundus; he will not +lose a single customer, or be shunned by a single jolly +companion, for the exposure of his nephew. But +a man can’t be saved against his will. Here am I, full +of expedients and resources for his good; there is he, +throwing cold water on everything, and making difficulties +as if he loved them. It’s his abominable +pride, that’s the pith of the matter. He could not +have behaved worse though I had played the bully +with him, and had reproached him with his Christianity. +But I have studiously avoided every subject +which could put his back up. He’s a very Typhon +or Enceladus for pride. Here he’d give his ears to +have done with Christianity; he wants to have this +Callista; he wants to buy her at the price of his religion; +but he’d rather be burned than say, I’ve +changed! Let him reap as he has sown; why should +I coax him further to be merciful to himself? Well +Agellius,</q> he said aloud, <q>I’m going back.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius, on the other hand, had his own thoughts; +and the most urgent of them at the moment was sorrow +that he had hurt his uncle. He was sincerely +attached to him, in consequence of his faithful +guar<pb n="107"/><anchor id="Pg107"/>dianship, his many acts of kindness, the reminiscences +of childhood, nay, the love he bore to the good points +of his character. To him he owed his education and +his respectable position. He could not bear his +anger, and he had a fear of his authority; but what +was to be done? Jucundus, in utter insensibility to certain +instincts and rules which in Christianity are first +principles, had, without intending it, been greatly dishonouring +Agellius, and his passion, and the object +of it. Uncle and nephew had been treading on each +other’s toes, and each was wincing under the mischance. +It was Agellius’s place, as the younger, to +make advances, if he could, to an adjustment of the +misunderstanding; and he wished to find some +middle way. And, also, it is evident he had another +inducement besides his tenderness to Jucundus to +urge him to do so. In truth, Callista exerted a tremendous +sway over him. The conversation which +had just passed ought to have opened his eyes, and +made him understand that the very first step in any +negotiations between them was her <hi rend="italic">bonâ fide</hi> conversion. +It was evident he could not, he literally had +not the power of marrying her as a heathen. Roman +might marry a Roman; but a degradation of each +party in the transaction was the only way by which +a Roman could make any sort of marriage with a +Greek. If she were converted, they would be both of +them under the rules of the Catholic Church. But +what prospect was there of so happy an event? What +had ever fallen from her lips which looked that way? +<pb n="108"/><anchor id="Pg108"/>Could not a clever girl throw herself into the part of +Alcestis, or chant the majestic verses of Cleanthes, or +extemporize a hymn upon the spring, or hold an argument +on the <hi rend="italic">pulchrum</hi> and <hi rend="italic">utile</hi>, without having any +leaning towards Christianity? A calm, sweet voice, +a noble air, an expressive countenance, refined and +decorous manners, were these specific indications of +heavenly grace? Ah, poor Agellius! a fascination is +upon you; and so you are thinking of some middle +term, which is to reconcile your uncle and you; and +therefore you begin as follows:— +</p> + +<p> +<q>I see by your silence, Jucundus, that you are +displeased with me, you who are always so kind. +Well, it comes from my ignorance of things; it does +indeed. I ask your forgiveness for anything which +seemed ungrateful in my behaviour, though there is +not ingratitude in my heart. I am too much of a boy +to see things beforehand, and to see them in all their +bearings. You took me by surprise by talking on the +subject which led to our misunderstanding. I will not +conceal for an instant that I like Callista very much; +and that the more I see her, I like her the more. It +strikes me that, if you break the matter to Aristo, he +and I might have some talk together, and understand +each other.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Jucundus was hot-tempered, but easily pacified; +and he really did wish to be on confidential terms with +his nephew at the present crisis; so he caught at his +apology. <q>Now you speak like a reasonable fellow, +Agellius,</q> he answered. <q>Certainly, I will speak to +<pb n="109"/><anchor id="Pg109"/>Aristo, as you wish; and on this question of <hi rend="italic">consuetudo</hi> +or prescription. Well, don’t begin looking queer again. +I mean I will speak to him on the whole question and +its details. He and I will talk together for our respective +principals. We shall soon come to terms, I +warrant you; and then <hi rend="italic">you</hi> shall talk with him. Come, +show me round your fields,</q> he continued, <q rend="post: none">and let +me see how you will be able to present things to your +bride. A very pretty property it is. I it was who +was the means of your father thinking of it. You +have heard me say so before now, and all the circumstances.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">He was at Carthage at this time, undecided what +to do with himself. It so happened that Julia Clara’s +estates were just then in the market. An enormous +windfall her estates were. Old Didius was emperor +just before my time; he gave all his estates to his +daughter as soon as he assumed the purple. Poor +lady! she did not enjoy them long; Severus confiscated +the whole, not, however, for the benefit of the +state, but of the <hi rend="italic">res privata</hi>. They are so large in +Africa alone, that, as you know, you are under a +special procurator. Well, they did not come into the +market at once; the existing farmers were retained. +Marcus Juventius farmed a very considerable portion +of them; they were contiguous, and dovetailed into +his own lands, and accordingly, when he got into +trouble, and had to sell his leases, there were certain +odds and ends about Sicca which it was proposed to +lease piecemeal. Your employer, Varius, would have +<pb n="110"/><anchor id="Pg110"/>given any money for them, but I was beforehand with +him. Nothing like being on the spot; he was on +business of the proconsul at Adrumetum. I sent off +Hispa instantly to Strabo; not an hour’s delay after +I heard of it. The sale was at Carthage; he went to +his old commander, who used his influence, and the +thing was done.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I venture to say there’s not such a snug little farm +in all Africa; and I am sanguine we shall get a renewal, +though Varius will do his utmost to outbid us. Ah, +my dear Agellius, if there is but a suspicion you are +not a thorough-going Roman! Well, well,—here! +ease me through this gate, Agellius; I don’t know +what’s come to the gate since I was here. Indeed!—yes! +you have improved this very much. That small +arbour is delicious; but you want an image, an Apollo +or a Diana. Ah! do now stop for a moment; why +are you going forward at such a pace? I’ll give you +an image: it shall be one that you will really like. +Well, you won’t have it? I beg you ten thousand +pardons. Ha, ha! I mean nothing. Ha, ha, ha! +Oh, what an odd world it is! Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha! +Well, I am keeping you from your labourers. Ha, ha, +ha!</q> +</p> + +<p> +And having thus smoothed his own ruffled temper, +and set things right, as he considered, with Agellius, +the old pagan took his journey homewards, assuring +Agellius that he would make all things clear for him +in a very short time, and telling him to be sure to +make a call upon Aristo before the ensuing calends. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="X" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="111"/><anchor id="Pg111"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="X. The divine Callista"/> +<head>CHAPTER X.</head> + +<head type="sub">THE DIVINE CALLISTA.</head> + +<p> +The day came which Agellius had fixed for paying +his promised visit to Aristo. It is not to be denied +that, in the interval, the difficulties of the business +which occasioned his visit had increased upon his +apprehensions. Callista was not yet a Christian, nor +was there any reason for saying that a proposal of +marriage would make her one; and a strange sort of +convert she would be, if it did. He would not suffer +himself to dwell upon difficulties which he was determined +never should be realized. No; of course a +heathen he could not marry, but a heathen Callista +should not be. He did not see the process, but he +was convinced she would become a Christian. Yet +somehow so it was, that, if he was able to stultify his +reason, he did not quite succeed to his satisfaction +with his conscience. Every morning found him less +satisfied with himself, and more disposed to repent of +having allowed his uncle to enter on the subject with +Aristo. But it was a thing done and over; he must +either awkwardly back out, or he must go on. His +middle term, as he hastily had considered it, was +nothing else than siding with his uncle, and +com<pb n="112"/><anchor id="Pg112"/>mitting himself to go all lengths, unless some difficulty +rose with the other party. Yet could he really wish +that the step had not been taken? Was it not plain +that if he was to put away Callista from his affections, +he must never go near her? And was he to fall back +on his drear solitude, and lose that outlet of thought +and relief of mind which he had lately found in the +society of his Greek friends? +</p> + +<p> +We may easily believe that he was not very peaceful +in heart when he set out on that morning to call +upon Aristo; yet he would not allow that he was +doing wrong. He recurred to the pleasant imagination +that Callista would certainly become a Christian, +and dwelt pertinaciously upon it. He could not tell +on what it was founded; he knew enough of his +religion not to mean that she was too good to be a +heathen; so it is to be supposed he meant that he +discerned what he hoped were traces of some supernatural +influence operating upon her mind. He had +a perception, which he could not justify by argument, +that there was in Callista a promise of something +higher than anything she yet was. He felt a strange +sympathy with her, which certainly unless he utterly +deceived himself, was not based on anything merely +natural or human,—a sympathy the more remarkable +from the contrariety which existed between them in +matters of religious belief. And hope having blown +this large and splendid bubble, sent it sailing away, +and it rose upon the buoyant atmosphere of youth, +beautiful to behold. +</p> + +<pb n="113"/><anchor id="Pg113"/> + +<p> +And yet, as Agellius ascended the long flight of +marble steps which led the foot-passenger up into +that fair city, while the morning sun was glancing +across them, and surveyed the outline of the many +sumptuous buildings which crested and encircled the +hill, did he not know full well that iniquity was written +on its very walls, and spoke a solemn warning to a +Christian heart to go out of it, to flee it, not to take up +a home in it, not to make alliance with anything in it? +Did he not know from experience full well that, when +he got into it, his glance could no longer be unrestrained, +or his air free; but that it would be necessary +for him to keep a control upon his senses, and +painfully guard himself against what must either be +a terror to him and an abhorrence, or a temptation? +Enter in imagination into a town like Sicca, and you +will understand the great Apostle’s anguish at seeing +a noble and beautiful city given up to idolatry. Enter +it, and you will understand why it was that the poor +priest, of whom Jucundus spoke so bitterly, hung his +head, and walked with timid eyes and clouded brow +through the joyous streets of Carthage. Hitherto we +have only been conducting heathens through it, boys +or men, Jucundus, Arnobius, and Firmian; but now a +Christian enters it with a Christian’s heart and a +Christian’s hope. +</p> + +<p> +Well is it for us, dear reader, that we in this age +do not experience—nay, a blessed thing that we cannot +even frame to ourselves in imagination—the actual +details of evil which hung as an atmosphere over the +<pb n="114"/><anchor id="Pg114"/>cities of Pagan Rome. An Apostle calls the tongue +<q>a fire, a world of iniquity, untameable, a restless +evil, a deadly poison;</q> and surely what he says applies +to hideous thoughts represented to the eye, as well as +when they are made to strike upon the ear. Unfortunate +Agellius! what takes you into the city this +morning? Doubtless some urgent, compulsive duty; +otherwise you would not surely be threading its lanes +or taking the circuit of its porticoes, amid sights which +now shock and now allure; fearful sights—not here +and there, but on the stateliest structures and in the +meanest hovels, in public offices and private houses, in +central spots and at the corners of the streets, in +bazaars and shops and house-doors, in the rudest workmanship +and in the highest art, in letters or in emblems +or in paintings—the insignia and the pomp of Satan +and of Belial, of a reign of corruption and a revel of +idolatry which you can neither endure nor escape. +Wherever you go it is all the same; in the police-court +on the right, in the military station on the left, in the +crowd around the temple, in the procession with its +victims and its worshippers who walk to music, in the +language of the noisy market-people; wherever you +go, you are accosted, confronted, publicly, shamelessly, +now as if a precept of religion, now as if a +homage to nature, by all which, as a Christian, you +shrink from and abjure. +</p> + +<p> +It is no accident of the season or of the day; it is +the continuous tradition of some thousands of years; +it is the very orthodoxy of the myriads who have +<pb n="115"/><anchor id="Pg115"/>lived and died there. There was a region once, in an +early age, lying upon the Eastern Sea, which is said +at length to have vomited out its inhabitants for their +frightful iniquity. They, thus cast forth, took ship, +and passed over to the southern coast; and then, +gradually settling and spreading into the interior, they +peopled the woody plains and fertile slopes of Africa, +and filled it with their cities. Sicca is one of these +set up in sin; and at the time of which we write that +sin was basking under the sun, and rioting and extending +itself to its amplest dimensions, like some +glittering serpent or spotted pard of the neighbourhood, +without interposition from heaven or earth in +correction of so awful a degradation. In such scenes +of unspeakable pollution, our Christian forefathers +perforce lived; through such a scene, though not +taking part in it, Agellius, blessed with a country +home, is unnecessarily passing. +</p> + +<p> +He has reached the house, or rather the floor, to +which he has been making his way. It is at the back +of the city, where the rock is steep; and it looks out +upon the plain and the mountain range to the north. +Its inmates, Aristo and Callista, are engaged in their +ordinary work of moulding or carving, painting or +gilding the various articles which the temples or the +private shrines of the established religion required. +Aristo has received from Jucundus the overtures +which Agellius had commissioned him to make, and +finds, as he anticipated, that they are no great news +to his sister. She perfectly understands what is going +<pb n="116"/><anchor id="Pg116"/>on, but does not care to speak much upon it, till +Agellius makes his appearance. As they sit at work, +Aristo speaks:— +</p> + +<p> +<q>Agellius will make his appearance here this morning. +I say, Callista, what can he be coming for?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Why, if your news be true, that the Christians are +coming into trouble, of course he means to purchase, +as a blessing on him, some of these bits of gods.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You are sharp enough, my little sister,</q> answered +Aristo, <q>to know perfectly well who is the goddess he +is desirous of purchasing.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista laughed carelessly, but made no reply. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Come, child,</q> Aristo continued, <q>don’t be cruel +to him. Wreath a garland for him by the time he +comes. He’s well to do, and modest withal, and +needs encouragement.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>He’s well enough,</q> said Callista. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I say he’s a fellow too well off to be despised as +a lover,</q> proceeded her brother, <q>and it would be a +merit with the gods to rid him of his superstition.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Not much of a Christian,</q> she made answer, <q>if he +is set upon me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>For whose sake has he been coming here so often, +mine or yours, Callista?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I am tired of such engagements,</q> she replied. +She went on with her painting, and several times +seemed as if she would have spoken, but did not. +Then, without interrupting her work, she said calmly, +<q>Time was, it gratified my conceit and my feelings +to have hangers on. Indeed, without them, how +<pb n="117"/><anchor id="Pg117"/>should we have had means to come here? But there’s +a weariness in all things.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>A weariness! Where is this bad humour to end?</q> +cried Aristo; <q>it has been a long fit; shake it off +while you can, or it will be too much for you. What +can you mean? a weariness! You are over young to +bid youth farewell. Aching hearts for aching bones. +So young and so perverse! We must take things as +the gods give them. You will ask for them in vain +when you are old. One day above, another day +beneath; one while young, another while old. Enjoy +life while you have it in your hand.</q> He had +said this as he worked. Then he stopped, and turned +round to her, with his graving-tool in his hand. <q>Recollect +old Lesbia, how she used to squeak out to me, +with her nodding head and trembling limbs</q>—here +he mimicked the old crone—<q><q>My boy, take your +pleasure while you can. I can’t take pleasure—my +day is over; but I don’t reproach myself. I had a +merry time of it while it lasted. Time stops for no +one, but I did my best; I don’t reproach myself.</q> +There’s the true philosopher, though a slave; more +outspoken than Æsop, more practical than Epictetus.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista began singing to herself:— +</p> + +<lg> +<l rend="margin-left: 6"><q rend="post: none">I wander by that river’s brink</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 8">Which circles Pluto’s drear domain;</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">I feel the chill night breeze, and think</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 8">Of joys which ne’er shall be again.</l> + +</lg><lg> +<l rend="margin-left: 6"><q rend="post: none">I count the weeds that fringe the shore,</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 8">Each sluggish wave that rolls and rolls;</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">I hear the ever-splashing oar</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 8">Of Charon, ferryman of souls.</l> +</lg> + +<pb n="118"/><anchor id="Pg118"/> + +<p> +<q>Heigho!</q> she continued, <q>little regret, but much +dread. The young have to fear more than the old +have to mourn over. The future outweighs the past. +Life is not so sweet as death is bitter. It is hard to +quit the light, the light of heaven.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Callistidion!</q> he said, impatiently; <q>my girl, this +is preposterous. How long is this to go on? We +must take you to Carthage; there is more trade there, +if we can get it; and it will be on the bright, far-resounding +sea. And I will turn rhetorician, and +you shall feed my classes.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>O beautiful, divine light,</q> she continued, <q>what +a loss! O, to think that one day I must lose you for +ever! At home I used to lie awake at night longing +for the morning, and crying out for the god of day. +It was like choice wine to me, a cup of Chian, the +first streaks of the Aurora, and I could hardly bear +his bright coming, when he came to me like Semele, +for rapture. How gloriously did he shoot over the +hills! and then anon he rested awhile on the snowy +summit of Olympus, as in some luminous shrine, gladdening +the Phrygian plain. Fair, bright-haired god! +thou art my worship, if Callista worships aught: but +somehow I worship nothing now. I am weary.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well,</q> said her brother in a soothing tone, <q>it is +a change. That light, elastic air, that transparent +heaven, that fresh temperate breeze, that majestic sea! +Africa is not Greece; O, the difference! That’s it, +Callista; it is the <hi rend="italic">nostalgia</hi>; you are home-sick.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>It may be so,</q> she said; <q>I do not well know +<pb n="119"/><anchor id="Pg119"/>what I would have. Yes, the poisonous dews, the +heavy heat, the hideous beasts, the green fever-gendering +swamps. This vast thickly-wooded plain, like +some mysterious labyrinth, oppresses and disquiets +me with its very richness. The luxuriant foliage, the +tall, rank plants, the deep, close lanes, I do not see +my way through them, and I pant for breath. I only +breathe freely on this hill. O, how unlike Greece, +with the clear, soft, delicate colouring of its mountains, +and the pure azure or the purple of its waters!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>But, my dear Callista,</q> interrupted her brother, +<q>recollect you are not in those oppressive, gloomy +forests, but in Sicca, and no one asks you to penetrate +them. And if you want mountains, I think those on +the horizon are bare enough.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>And the race of man,</q> she continued, <q>is worse +than all. Where is the genius of our bright land? +where its intelligence, playfulness, grace, and noble +bearing? Here hearts are as black as brows, and +smiles as treacherous as the adders of the wood. The +natives are crafty and remorseless; they never relax; +they have no cheerfulness or mirth; their very love +is a furnace, and their sole ecstasy is revenge.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>No country like home to any of us,</q> said Aristo; +<q>yet here you are. Habit would be a second nature +if you were here long enough; your feelings would +become acclimated, and would find a new home. +People get to like the darkness of the extreme north +in course of time. The painted Britons, the Cimmerians, +the Hyperboreans, are content never to see the +<pb n="120"/><anchor id="Pg120"/>sun at all, which is your god. Here your own god +reigns; why quarrel with him?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The sun of Greece is light,</q> answered Callista; +<q>the sun of Africa is fire. I am no fire-worshipper.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I suspect even Styx and Phlegethon are tolerable, +at length,</q> said her brother, <q>if Phlegethon and Styx +there be, as the poets tell us.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The cold, foggy Styx is the north,</q> said Callista, +<q>and the south is the scorching, blasting Phlegethon, +and Greece, clear, sweet, and sunny, is the Elysian +fields.</q> And she continued her improvisations:— +</p> + +<lg> +<l rend="margin-left: 6"><q rend="post: none">Where are the islands of the blest?</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 8">They stud the Ægean sea;</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">And where the deep Elysian rest?</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">It haunts the vale where Peneus strong</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">Pours his incessant stream along,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">While craggy ridge and mountain bare</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">Cut keenly through the liquid air,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">And, in their own pure tints arrayed,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">Scorn earth’s green robes which change and fade,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">And stand in beauty undecayed,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 8"><q rend="pre: none">Guards of the bold and free.</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +<q>A lower flight, if you please, just now,</q> said +Aristo, interrupting her. <q>I do really wish a serious +word with you about Agellius. He’s a fellow I can’t +help liking, in spite of his misanthropy. Let me +plead his cause. Like him or not yourself, still he +has a full purse; and you will do a service to yourself +and to the gods of Greece, and to him too, if you will +smile on him. Smile on him at least for a time; we +will go to Carthage when you are tired. His looks +have very little in them of a Christian left; you may +blow it away with your breath.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="121"/><anchor id="Pg121"/> + +<p> +<q>One might do worse than be a Christian,</q> she answered +slowly, <q>if all is true that I have heard of them.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Aristo started up in irritation. <q>By all the gods +of Olympus,</q> he said, <q>this is intolerable! If a man +wants a tormentor, I commend him to a girl like you. +What has ailed thee some time past, you silly child? +What have I done to you that you should have got so +cross and contrary and so hard to please?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I mean,</q> she said, <q>if I were a Christian, life +would be more bearable.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Bearable!</q> he echoed; <q>bearable! ye gods! more +bearable to have Styx and Tartarus, the Furies and +their snakes, in this world as well as in the next? to +have evil within and without, to hate one’s self and to +be hated of all men! to live the life of an ass, and to +die the death of a dog! Bearable! But hark! I hear +Agellius’s step on the staircase. Callista, dear Callista, +be yourself. Listen to reason.</q> +</p> + +<p> +But Callista would not listen to reason, if her +brother was its embodiment; but went on with her +singing:— +</p> + +<lg> +<l rend="margin-left: 6"><q rend="post: none">For what is Afric but the home</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 8">Of burning Phlegethon?</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">What the low beach and silent gloom,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">And chilling mists of that dull river,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">Along whose bank the thin ghosts shiver,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">The thin, wan ghosts that once were men,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">But Tauris, isle of moor and fen;</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 6">Or, dimly traced by seaman’s ken,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 8"><q rend="pre: none">The pale-cliffed Albion?</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +Here she stopped, looked down, and busied herself +with her work. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XI" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="122"/><anchor id="Pg122"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XI. Callista's preaching, and what came of it"/> +<head>CHAPTER XI.</head> + +<head type="sub">CALLISTA’S PREACHING, AND WHAT CAME OF IT.</head> + +<p> +It is undeniably a solemn moment, under any circumstances, +and requires a strong heart, when any +one deliberately surrenders himself, soul and body, +to the keeping of another while life shall last; and +this, or something like this, reserving the supreme +claim of duty to the Creator, is the matrimonial contract. +In individual cases it may be made without +thought or distress, but surveyed objectively, and as +carried out into a sufficient range of instances, it is so +tremendous an undertaking that nature seems to sink +under its responsibilities. When the Christian binds +himself by vows to a religious life, he makes a surrender +to Him who is all-perfect, and whom he may +unreservedly trust. Moreover, looking at that surrender +on its human side, he has the safeguard of +distinct <hi rend="italic">provisos</hi> and regulations, and of the principles +of theology, to secure him against tyranny on the +part of his superiors. But what shall be his encouragement +to make himself over, without condition or stipulation, +as an absolute property, to a fallible being, +and that not for a season, but for life? The mind +shrinks from such a sacrifice, and demands that, as +<pb n="123"/><anchor id="Pg123"/>religion enjoins it, religion should sanction and bless +it. It instinctively desires that either the bond should +be dissoluble, or that the subjects of it should be +sacramentally strengthened to maintain it. <q>So help +me God,</q> the formula of every oath, is emphatically +necessary here. +</p> + +<p> +But Agellius is contemplating a superhuman engagement +without superhuman assistance; and that +in a state of society in which public opinion, which +in some sense compensates for the absence of religion, +supplied human motives, not for, but against +keeping it, and with one who had given no indication +that she understood what marriage meant. No +wonder then, that, in spite of his simplicity, his +sanguine temperament, and his delusion, the more he +thought of the step he had taken, the more unsatisfactory +he found it, and the nearer he grew to the time +when he must open the subject with Aristo, the less +he felt able to do so. In consequence he was in a +distress of mind, as he ascended the staircase which +led to his friend’s lodging, to which his anxiety, as he +mounted the hill on the other side of the city, was +tranquillity itself; and, except that he was coming +by engagement, he would have turned back, and for +the time at least have put the whole subject from his +thoughts. Yet even then, as often as Callista rose in +his mind’s eye, his scruples and misgivings vanished +before the beauty of that image, as mists before the +sun; and when he actually stood in her sweet presence, +it seemed as if some secret emanation from +<pb n="124"/><anchor id="Pg124"/>her flowed in upon his heart, and he stood breathless +and giddy under the intensity of the fascination. +</p> + +<p> +However, the reader must not suppose that in the +third century of our era such negotiations as that +which now seems to be on the point of coming off +between Callista and Agellius, were embellished with +those transcendental sentiments and that magnificent +ceremonial with which chivalry has invested them in +these latter ages. There was little occasion then for +fine speaking or exquisite deportment; and if there +had been, we, who are the narrators of these hitherto +unrecorded transactions, should have been utterly +unable to do justice to them. At that time of day the +Christian had too much simplicity, the heathen too +little of real delicacy, to indulge in the sublimities of +modern love-making, at least as it is found in novels; +and in the case before us both gentleman and lady will +be thought, we consider, sadly matter-of-fact, or rather +semi-barbarous, by the votaries of what is just now +called European civilization. +</p> + +<p> +On Agellius’s entering the room, Aristo was pacing +to and fro in some discomposure; however, he ran up +to his friend, embraced him, and, looking at him with +significance, congratulated him on his good looks. +<q>There is more fire in your eye,</q> he said, <q>dear +Agellius, and more eloquence in the turn of your lip, +than I have ever yet seen. A new spirit is in you. +So you are determined to come out of your solitude? +That you should have been able to exist in it so long +is the wonderment to me.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="125"/><anchor id="Pg125"/> + +<p> +Agellius had recovered himself, yet he dared not +look again on Callista. <q>Do not jest, Aristo,</q> he said; +<q>I am come, as you know, to talk to you about your +sister. I have brought her a present of flowers; they +are my best present, or rather not mine, but the birth +of the opening year, as fair and fragrant as herself.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>We will offer them to our Pallas Athene,</q> said his +friend, <q>to whom we artists are especially devout.</q> +And he would have led Agellius on, and made him +place them in her niche in the opposite wall. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I am more serious than you are,</q> said Agellius; +<q>and I have brought the best my garden contains as +an offering to your sister. <hi rend="italic">She</hi> will not think I bring +them for any other purpose. Where are you going?</q> +he continued, as he saw his friend take down his broad +<hi rend="italic">petasus</hi>. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Why,</q> answered Aristo, <q>since I am so poor an +interpreter of your meaning, you can dispense with me +altogether. I will leave you to speak for yourself, +and meanwhile will go and see what old Dromo has +to tell, before the sun is too high in the heavens.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Saying this, with a half-imploring, half-satirical +look at his sister, he set off to the barber’s at the +Forum. +</p> + +<p> +Agellius took up the flowers, and laid them on the +table before her, as she sat at work. <q>Do you accept +my flowers, Callista?</q> he asked. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Fair and fragrant, like myself, are they?</q> she +made reply. <q>Give them to me.</q> She took them, +and bent over them. <q>The blushing rose,</q> she said, +<pb n="126"/><anchor id="Pg126"/>gravely, <q>the stately lily, the royal carnation, the +golden moly, the purple amaranth, the green bryon, +the diosanthos, the sertula, the sweet modest saliunca, +fit emblems of Callista. Well, in a few hours they +will have faded; yes, they will get more and more +like her.</q> +</p> + +<p> +She paused and looked him steadily in the face, and +then continued: <q>Agellius, I once had a slave who +belonged to your religion. She had been born in a +Christian family, and came into my possession on her +master’s death. She was unlike any one I have seen +before or since; she cared for nothing, yet was not +morose or peevish or hard-hearted. She died young +in my service. Shortly before her end she had a +dream. She saw a company of bright shades, clothed +in white, like the hours which circle round the god of +day. They were crowned with flowers, and they said +to each other, <q><hi rend="italic">She</hi> ought to have a token too.</q> So +they took her hand, and led her to a most beautiful +lady, as stately as Juno and as sweet as Ariadne, so +radiant in countenance that they themselves suddenly +looked like Ethiopians by the side of her. She, too, +was crowned with flowers, and these so dazzling that +they might be the stars of heaven or the gems of +Asia for what Chione could tell. And that fair +goddess (angel you call her) said, <q>My dear, here is +something for you from my Son. He sends you by me +a red rose for your love, a white lily for your chastity, +purple violets to strew your grave, and green palms to +flourish over it.</q> Is this the reason why you give me +<pb n="127"/><anchor id="Pg127"/>flowers, Agellius, that I may rank with Chione? and is +this their interpretation?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Callista,</q> he answered, <q>it is my heart’s most +fervent wish, it is my mind’s vivid anticipation, that +the day may come when you will receive such a crown, +nay, a brighter one.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>And you are come, of course, to philosophize to +me, and to put me in the way of dying like Chione,</q> +she made answer. <q>I implore your pardon. You are +offering me flowers, it seems, not for a bridal wreath, +but for a funeral urn.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Is it wonderful,</q> said Agellius, <q>that the two +wishes should have gone together in my heart; and +that while I trusted and prayed that you might have +the same Master in heaven as I have myself, I also +hoped you would have the same service, the same +aims, the same home upon earth?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>And that you should speak one word for your +Master and two for yourself!</q> she retorted. +</p> + +<p> +<q>It has been by feeling how much you could be to +me,</q> he answered, <q>that I have been led to think how +much my Master may be doing for you already, and +how much in time to come you might do for Him. +Callista, do not urge me with your Greek subtlety, or +expect me to analyze my feelings more precisely than +I have the ability to do. May I calmly tell you the +state of my mind, as I do know it, and will you +patiently listen?</q> +</p> + +<p> +She signified her willingness, and he continued—<q>This +only I know,</q> he said, <q>what I have experienced +<pb n="128"/><anchor id="Pg128"/>ever since I first heard you converse, that there is between +you and me a unity of thought so strange that +I should have deemed it could not have been, before +I found it actually to exist, between any two persons +whatever; and which, widely as we are separated in +opinion and habit, and differently as we have been +brought up, is to me inexplicable. I find it difficult to +explain what I mean; we disagree certainly on the +most important subjects, yet there is an unaccountable +correspondence in the views we take of things, in our +impressions, in the line in which our minds move, and +the issues to which they come, in our judgment of +what is great and little, and the manner in which +objects affect our feelings. When I speak to my uncle, +when I speak to your brother, I do not understand +them, nor they me. We are moving in different +spheres, and I am solitary, however much they talk. +But to my astonishment, I find between you and me +one language. Is it wonderful that, in proportion to +my astonishment, I am led to refer it to one cause, +and think that one Master Hand must have engraven +those lines on the soul of each of us? Is it wonderful +that I should fancy that He who has made us alike +has made us for each other, and that the very same +persuasives by which I bring you to cast your eyes on +me, may draw you also to cast yourself in adoration +at the feet of my Master?</q> +</p> + +<p> +For an instant tears seemed about to start from +Callista’s eyes, but she repressed the emotion, if it were +such, and answered with impetuosity, <q>Your Master! +<pb n="129"/><anchor id="Pg129"/>who is your Master? what know I of your Master? +what have you ever told me of your Master? I suppose +it is an esoteric doctrine which I am not worthy +to know; but so it is, here you have been again and +again, and talked freely of many things, yet I am in +as much darkness about your Master as if I had never +seen you. I know He died; I know too that Christians +say He lives. In some fortunate island, I suppose; +for, when I have asked, you have got rid of the +subject as best you could. You have talked about +your law and your various duties, and what you consider +right, and what is forbidden, and of some of the +old writers of your sect, and of the Jews before them; +but if, as you imply, my wants and aspirations are the +same as yours, what have you done towards satisfying +them? what have you done for that Master towards +whom you now propose to lead me? No!</q> she continued, +starting up, <q>you have watched those wants +and aspirations for yourself, not for Him; you have +taken interest in them, you have cherished them, as if +you were the author, you the object of them. You +profess to believe in One True God, and to reject every +other; and now you are implying that the Hand, the +Shadow of that God is on my mind and heart. Who +is this God? where? how? in what? O Agellius, you +have stood in the way of Him, ready to speak for yourself, +using Him as a means to an end.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>O Callista,</q> said Agellius, in an agitated voice, +when he could speak, <q>do my ears hear aright? do +you really wish to be taught who the true God is?</q> +</p> + +<pb n="130"/><anchor id="Pg130"/> + +<p> +<q>No, mistake me not,</q> she cried passionately, <q>I +have no such wish. I could not be of your religion. +Ye Gods! how have I been deceived! I thought every +Christian was like Chione. I thought there could not +be a cold Christian. Chione spoke as if a Christian’s +first thoughts were goodwill to others; as if his state +were of such blessedness, that his dearest heart’s wish +was to bring others into it. Here is a man who, so far +from feeling himself blest, thinks I can bless him! +comes to me—me, Callista, a herb of the field, a poor +weed, exposed to every wind of heaven, and shrivelling +before the fierce sun—to me he comes to repose his +heart upon. But as for any blessedness he has to show +me, why, since he does not feel any himself, no wonder +he has none to give away. I thought a Christian was +superior to time and place; but all is hollow. Alas, +alas, I am young in life to feel the force of that saying, +with which sages go out of it, <q>Vanity and +hollowness!</q> Agellius, when I first heard you were +a Christian, how my heart beat! I thought of her +who was gone; and at first I thought I saw her in you, +as if there had been some magical sympathy between +you and her; and I hoped that from you I might +have learned more of that strange strength which my +nature needs, and which she told me she possessed. +Your words, your manner, your looks were altogether +different from others who came near me. But so it +was; you came, and you went, and came again; I +thought it reserve, I thought it timidity, I thought it +the caution of a persecuted sect; but O, my +disap<pb n="131"/><anchor id="Pg131"/>pointment, when first I saw in you indications that +you were thinking of me only as others think, and felt +towards me as others may feel; that you were aiming +at me, not at your God; that you had much to tell of +yourself, but nothing of Him! Time was I might +have been led to worship you, Agellius; you have +hindered it by worshipping <hi rend="italic">me</hi>.</q> +</p> + +<p> +It is not often, we suppose, that such deep offence +is given to a lady by the sort of admiration of which +Agellius had been guilty in the case of Callista; however, +startled as he might be, and startled and stung +he was, there was too much earnestness in her distress, +too much of truth in her representations, too +much which came home to his heart and conscience, +to allow of his being affronted or irritated. She had +but supplied the true interpretation of the misgiving +which had haunted him that morning, from the time +he set out till the moment of his entering the room. +Jucundus some days back had readily acquiesced in +his assurance that he was not inconsistent; but Callista +had not been so indulgent, though really more +merciful. There was a pause in the conversation, or +rather in her outpouring; each had bitter thoughts, +and silently devoured them. At length, she began +again:— +</p> + +<p> +<q>So the religion of Chione is a dream; now for +four years I had hoped it was a reality. All things +again are vanity; I had hoped there was something +somewhere more than I could see; but there is nothing. +Here am I a living, breathing woman, with an +over-<pb n="132"/><anchor id="Pg132"/>flowing heart, with keen affections, with a yearning +after some object which may possess me. I cannot +exist without something to rest upon. I cannot fall +back upon that drear, forlorn state, which philosophers +call wisdom, and moralists call virtue. I cannot enrol +myself a votary of that cold Moon, whose arrows do +but freeze me. I cannot sympathize in that majestic +band of sisters whom Rome has placed under the +tutelage of Vesta. I must have something to love; +love is my life. Why do you come to me, Agellius, +with your every-day gallantry. Can you compete +with the noble Grecian forms which have passed before +my eyes? Is your voice more manly, are its tones +more eloquent, than those which have thrilled through +my ears since I ceased to be a child? Can you add +perfume to the feast by your wit, or pour sunshine +over grot and rushing stream by your smile? <hi rend="italic">What</hi> +can you give me? There was one thing which I +thought you <hi rend="italic">could</hi> have given me, better than anything +else; but it is a shadow. You have nothing to +give. You have thrown me back upon my dreary, +dismal self, and the deep wounds of my memory.... +Poor, poor Agellius! but it was not his fault, it could +not be helped,</q> she continued, as if in thought; <q>it +could not be helped; for, if he had nothing to give, +how could he give it? After all, he wanted something +to love, just as I did; and he could find nothing +better than me.... And they thought to persuade +her to spend herself upon him, as she had spent herself +upon others. Yes, it was Jucundus and +Aristo—<pb n="133"/><anchor id="Pg133"/>my brother, even my own brother. They thought not +of <hi rend="italic">me</hi>.</q> Here her tears gushed out violently, and she +abandoned herself to a burst of emotion. <q>They were +thinking of <hi rend="italic">him</hi>. I had hoped he could lead me to +what was higher; but woe, woe!</q> she cried, wringing +her hands, <q>they thought I was only fit to bring him +low. Well; after all, <hi rend="italic">is</hi> Callista really good for much +more than the work they have set her to do?</q> +</p> + +<p> +She was absorbed in her own misery in an intense +sense of degradation, in a keen consciousness of the +bondage of nature, in a despair of ever finding what +alone could give meaning to her existence, and an +object to her intellect and affections. And Agellius +on the other hand, what surprise, remorse, and humiliation +came upon him! It was a strange contrast, +the complaint of nature unregenerate on the one +hand, the self-reproach of nature regenerate and +lapsing on the other. At last he spoke, and they +were his last words. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Callista,</q> he said, <q>whatever injury I may have +unwillingly inflicted upon you, you at least have +returned me good for evil, and have made yourself +my benefactress. Certainly, I now know myself +better than I did; and He who has made use of you +as His instrument of mercy towards me, will not forget +to reward you tenfold. One word will I say for +myself; nay, not for myself, but for my Master. Do +not for an instant suppose that what you thought of +the Christian religion is not true. It reveals a present +God, who satisfies every affection of the heart, yet +<pb n="134"/><anchor id="Pg134"/>keeps it pure. I serve a Master,</q> he continued, blushing +from modesty and earnestness as he spoke, <q>I +serve a Master whose love is stronger than created +love. God help my inconsistency! but I never meant +to love you as I love Him. You are destined for His +love. I commit you to Him, your true Lord, whom +I never ought to have rivalled, for whom I ought +simply to have pleaded. Though I am not worthy to +approach you, I shall trace you at a distance, who +knows where? perhaps even to the prison and to the +arena of those who confess the Saviour of men, and +dare to suffer and die for His name. And now, farewell; +to His keeping and that of His holy martyrs I +commit you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +He did not trust himself to look at her as he turned +to the door, and left the room. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="135"/><anchor id="Pg135"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XII. A death"/> +<head>CHAPTER XII.</head> + +<head type="sub">A DEATH.</head> + +<p> +The first stages of repentance are but a fever, in which +there is restlessness and thirst, hot and cold fits, +vague, dreary dreams, long darkness which seems +destined never to have a morning, effort without result, +and collapse without reaction. These symptoms had +already manifested themselves in Agellius; he spoke +calmly to Callista, and sustained himself by the claims +of the moment; but no sooner had he left the room +and was thrown upon himself, than his self-possession +left him, and he fell into an agony, or rather anarchy +of tumultuous feelings. Then rose up before his +mind a hundred evil spectres, not <anchor id="corr135"/><corr sic="lees">less</corr> scaring and +more real than the dreams of the delirious. He thought +of the singular favour which had been shown him in +his reception into the Christian fold, and that at so +early a date; of the myriads all around who continued +in heathenism as they had been born, and of his utter +insensibility to his own privilege. He felt how much +would be required of him, and how little hitherto had +been forthcoming. He thought of the parable of the +barren fig-tree, and the question was whispered in his +<pb n="136"/><anchor id="Pg136"/>ear whether it would not be fulfilled in him. He asked +himself in what his heart and his conduct differed from +the condition of a fairly virtuous heathen. And then +he thought of Callista in contrast with himself, as +having done more with the mite which she possessed +than he had done with many pounds. He felt that +Tyre and Sidon were rising up against him in her person; +or rather how the saying seemed about to be +verified in her, that strangers should sit down in the +kingdom from far countries, while those who were +the heirs should be thrust out. He had been rebuked +by one to whom he rather ought to have brought self-knowledge +and compunction, and she was sensitively +alive to his want of charity. She had felt bitterly that +she was left in ignorance and sin by one who had +what she had not. She had accused him of being +zealous enough to win her to himself, when he had +shown no zeal at all to win her to her Maker. If she +was brought to the truth at length, there would be +no thanks to him for the happy change; yet on the +other hand, though he had predicted it, alas! was it +likely that it would be granted? Had she not had +her opportunity, which was lost because he had not +improved it? Yes, she had with a deliberate mind +and in set words put aside and taken leave of that +which she once desired and hoped might have been +her own, sorrowfully indeed, but peremptorily, as +firmly persisting in rejecting it, as she might have persisted +in maintaining it; and, if she died in infidelity, +horrible thought! would not the burden lie on him, +<pb n="137"/><anchor id="Pg137"/>and was this to be the token of the love which he +pretended to entertain for her? +</p> + +<p> +What was he living for? what was the work he had +set himself to <anchor id="corr137"/><corr sic="do!">do?</corr> Did he live to plant flowers, or to +rear fruit, to maintain himself and to make money? +Was that a time to pride himself on vineyards and oliveyards, +when, like Eliseus, he was one among myriads +who were in unbelief? Ah, the difference between +a saint and him? Of what good was he on earth; +why should not he die? why so chary of his life? +why preserve his wretched life at all? Could he not +do more by giving it than by keeping it? Might it +not have been given him perchance for the very purpose +that he might sacrifice it for Him who had given +it? He had been timid about making a profession of +his faith, which might have led to prison and death; +but perhaps the very object of his life in the divine +purpose, the very reason of his birth, had been that, +as soon as he was grown, he should die for the truth. +He might have been cut off by disease; he was not; +and why, except that he might merit in his death, +and that what, in the ordinary course of things, was +a mere suffering, might in his case be an act of service? +His death might have been the conversion of +thousands, of Callista; and the fewness of his days +here would have been his claim to a blessed eternity +hereafter. +</p> + +<p> +Nor Callista alone; he had natural friends, with +nearer claims upon his charity. Had he been other +than he was, he might have prevailed with his uncle; +<pb n="138"/><anchor id="Pg138"/>at least he might have taught him to respect the +Christian Faith and Name, and restrained him from +daring to attempt, for he now saw that it was an +attempt, to seduce him into sin. He might have +lodged a good seed in his heart, which in the hour +of sickness might have germinated. And his brother +again had learned to despise him; indeed he had +raised in every one who came near him the suspicion +that he was not really a Christian, that he was an +apostate (he could not help uttering a cry of anguish as +he used the word), an apostate from that which was +his real life and supreme worship. +</p> + +<p> +Why did he not at once go into the Basilica or the +Gymnasium, and proclaim himself a Christian? There +were rumours abroad that the new emperor was beginning +a new policy towards his religion; let him inaugurate +it in Agellius. Might he not thus perchance +wash out his sin? He would be led into the amphitheatre, +as his betters had been led before him; the +crowds would yell, and the lion would be let loose +upon him. He would confront the edict, tear it +down, be seized by the apparitor, and hurried to the +rack or the slow fire. Callista would hear of it, and +would learn at length he was not quite the craven and +the recreant which she thought him. +</p> + +<p> +Then his thoughts took a turn. Callista! what was +Callista to him? Why should he think of her, when +she was girding him to martyrdom? Was she to be +the motive which was to animate him, and her praise +his reward? Alas, alas! could he gain heaven by +<pb n="139"/><anchor id="Pg139"/>pleasing a heathen? <q>But to whom then,</q> he continued, +<q>am I to look up? who is to give me sympathy? +who is to encourage, to advise me? O my +Father, pity me! a feeble child, a poor, outcast, wandering +sheep, away from the fold, torn by the briars +and thorns, and no one to bind his wounds and retrace +his steps for him. Why am I thus alone in the +world? why am I without a pastor and guide? Ah, +was not this my fault in remaining in Sicca? I have +no tie here; let me go to Carthage, or to Tagaste, or +to Madaura, or to Hippo. I am not fit to walk the +world by myself; I am too simple, and am no match +for its artifices.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Here another thought took possession of him, +which had as yet but crossed his mind, and it made +him colour up with confusion and terror. <q>They +were laying a plot for me,</q> he said, <q>my uncle and +Aristo; and it is Callista who has defeated it.</q> And +as he spoke, he felt how much he owed to her, and +how dangerous too it was to think of his debt. Yet +it would not be wrong to pray for her; she had +marred the device of which she was to have been the +agent. <q>Laqueus contritus est, et nos liberati +sumus:</q> the net was broken and he was delivered. +She had refused his devotion, that he might give it +to his God; and now he would only think of her, +and whisper her name, when he was kneeling before +the Blessed Mary, his advocate. O that that second +and better Eve, who brought salvation into the world, +as our first mother brought death, O that she might +<pb n="140"/><anchor id="Pg140"/>bear Callista’s name in remembrance, and get it written +in the Book of life! +</p> + +<p> +It was high noon; and all this time Agellius was +walking in his present excited mood, without covering +to his head, under the burning rays of the sun, +not knowing which way he went, and retracing his +steps, as he wandered about at random, with a vague +notion he was going homewards. The few persons +whom he met, creeping about under the shadow of +the lofty houses, or under the porticoes of the temples, +looked at him with wonder, and thought him furious +or deranged. The shafts of the sun were not so hot +as his own thoughts, or as the blood which shot to +and fro so fiercely in his veins; but they were working +fearfully on his physical frame, though they could +not increase the fever of his mind. He had come to +the Forum; the market people were crouching under +their booths or the shelter of their baskets. The +riffraff of the city, who lived by their wits, or by odd +jobs, or on the windfalls of the market; lazy fellows +who did nothing, who did not move till hunger urged +them, like the brute; half-idiotic chewers of opium, +ragged or rather naked children, the butcher boys +and scavengers of the temples, lay at their length at the +mouth of the caverns formed by the precipitous rock, +or under the Arch of Triumph, or amid the columns +of the Gymnasium and the Heracleum, or in the +doorways of the shops. A scattering of beggars were +lying, poor creatures, on their backs in the blazing +sun, reckless of the awful maladies, the fits, the +<pb n="141"/><anchor id="Pg141"/>seizures, and the sudden death, which might be the +consequence. +</p> + +<p> +Numbers out of this mixed multitude were asleep; +some were looking with dull listless eyes at the still +scene, or at any accidental movements which might +vary it. They saw a figure coming nearer and nearer +and wildly passing by. Just then Agellius was diverted +from his painful meditations by hearing one +of these fellows say to another, as he roused from a +sort of doze, <q>That’s one of them. We know them +all, but very poor pickings can be got out of them; +but he has more than most. They’re a low set in +Sicca.</q> And then the man cried out, <q>Look sharp, +young chap! the Furies are at your heels, and the +Fates are going before you. Look there at the emperor; +he is looking at you, as grim and sour as you +could wish him.</q> He spoke of the equestrian statue +of Severus before the Basilica on the right; and, +attracted by his words, Agellius went up to a board +which was fixed to its base. It was an imperial edict, +and it ran as follows:— +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">Cneius Trajanus Decius, Augustus; and Quintus +Herennius Etruscus Decius, Cæsar; Emperors, unconquerable +and pious; by united council these:—</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">Whereas we have experienced the benefits and +the gifts of the gods, and do also enjoy the victory +which they have given us over our enemies, and moreover +salubrity of seasons, and abundance in the fruits +of the earth;</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">Therefore, acknowledging the aforesaid as our +<pb n="142"/><anchor id="Pg142"/>benefactors and the providers of those things which +are necessary for the commonwealth, we make this +our decree, that every class of the state, freemen and +slaves, the army and civilians, offer to the gods expiatory +sacrifices, falling down in supplication before +them;</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">And if any one shall presume to disobey this our +divine command, which we unite in promulgating, we +order that man to be thrown into chains, and to be +subjected to various tortures;</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">And should he thereupon be persuaded to reverse +his disobedience, he shall receive from us no slight +honours;</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">But should he hold out in opposition, first he shall +have many tortures, and then shall be executed by +the sword, or thrown into the deep sea, or given as a +prey to birds and dogs;</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">And more than all if such a person be a professor +of the Christian religion.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Farewell, and live happy.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The old man in the fable called on Death, and Death +made his appearance. We are very far indeed from +meaning that Agellius uttered random words, or +spoke impatiently, when he just now expressed a wish +to have the opportunity of dying for the Faith. Nevertheless, +what now met his eyes and was transmitted +through them, sentence by sentence, into his mind, +was not certainly of a nature to calm the tumult which +was busy in breast and brain; a sickness came over +him, and he staggered away. The words of the edict +<pb n="143"/><anchor id="Pg143"/>still met his eyes, and were of a bright red colour. +The sun was right before him, but the letters were +in the sun, and the sun in his brain. He reeled and +fell heavily on the pavement. No notice was taken +of the occurrence by the spectators around him. They +lazily or curiously looked on, and waited to see if he +would recover. +</p> + +<p> +How long he lay there he could not tell, when he +came to himself; if it could really be said to be +coming to himself to have the power of motion, and an +instinct that he must move, and move in one direction. +He managed to rise and lean against the +pedestal of the statue, and its shade by this time protected +him. Then an intense desire came upon +him to get home, and that desire gave him a +temporary preternatural strength. It came upon +him as a duty to leave Sicca for his cottage, and he +set off. He had a confused notion that he must do +his duty, and go straight forward, and turn neither +to the right, nor the left, and stop nowhere, but move +on steadily for his true home. But next an impression +came upon him that he was running away from +persecution, and that this ought not to be, and that +he ought to face the enemy, or at least not to hide +from him, but meekly wait for him. +</p> + +<p> +As he went along the narrow streets which led down +the hill towards the city gate this thought came so +powerfully upon him that at length he sat down on a +stone which projected from an open shop, and thought +of surrendering himself. He felt the benefit of the +<pb n="144"/><anchor id="Pg144"/>rest, and this he fancied to be the calm of conscience +consequent upon self-surrender and resignation. It +was a fruiterer’s stall, and the owner, seeing his exhaustion, +offered him some slices of a water-melon for his +refreshment. He ate one of them, and then again a +vague feeling came on him that he was in danger of +idolatry, and must protest against idolatry, and that +he ought not to remain in the neighbourhood of +temptation. So, throwing down the small coin which +was sufficient for payment, he continued his journey. +The rest and the refreshment of the fruit, and the continued +shade which the narrow street allowed him, +allayed the fever, and for the time recruited him, and +he moved on languidly. The sun, however, was still +high in heaven, and when he got beyond the city +beat down upon his head from a cloudless sky. He +painfully toiled up the ascent which led to his cottage. +He had nearly gained the gate of his homestead; +he saw his old household slave, born in his +father’s house, a Christian like himself, coming to +meet him. A dizziness came over him, he lost his +senses, and fell down helplessly upon the bank. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XIII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="145"/><anchor id="Pg145"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XIII. And resurrection"/> +<head>CHAPTER XIII.</head> + +<head type="sub">AND RESURRECTION.</head> + +<p> +Jucundus was quite as much amused as provoked +at the result of the delicate negotiation in which he +had entangled his nephew. It was a gratification to +him to find that its ill success had been owing in no +respect to any fault on the side of Agellius. He had +done his part without shrinking, and the view which +he, Jucundus, had taken of his state of mind, was +satisfactorily confirmed. He had nothing to fear +from Agellius, and though he had failed in securing +the guarantee which he had hoped for his attachment +to things as they were, yet in the process of failure it +had been proved that his nephew might be trusted +without it. And it was a question, whether a girl so +full of whims and caprices as Callista might after all +have done him any permanent good. The absurd +notion, indeed, of her having a leaning for Christianity +had been refuted by her conduct on the occasion; +still, who could rely on a clever and accomplished +Greek? There were secret societies and conspiracies +in abundance, and she might have involved so weak +and innocent a fellow in some plans against the +government, now or at a future time; or might have +<pb n="146"/><anchor id="Pg146"/>alienated him from his uncle, or in some way or other +made a fool of him, if she had consented to have +him for her slave. Why she had rejected so eligible +a suitor it was now useless and idle to inquire; it +might be that the haughty or greedy Greek had +required him to bid higher for her favourable notice. +If the negotiation had taken such a turn, then indeed +there was still more gratifying evidence of Agellius +having broken from his fantastic and peevish superstition. +</p> + +<p> +Still, however, he was not without anxiety, now +that the severe measures directed against the Christians +were in progress. No overt act, indeed, beyond +the publication of the edict, had been taken in Sicca—probably +would be taken at all. The worst was, +that something must be done to make a show; he +could have wished that some of the multitude of +townspeople, half suspected of Christianity, had stood +firm, and suffered themselves to be tortured and executed. +One or two would have been enough; but the +magistracy got no credit with the central government +for zeal and activity if no Christians were made an +example of. Yet still it was a question whether the +strong acts at Carthage and elsewhere would not +suffice, though the lesser towns did nothing. At +least, while the populace was quiet, there was nothing +to press for severity. There were no rich Christians in +Sicca to tempt the cupidity of the informer or of the +magistrate; no political partisans among them, who +had made enemies with this or that class of the +com<pb n="147"/><anchor id="Pg147"/>munity. But, supposing a bad feeling to rise in the +populace, supposing the magistrates to have ill-wishers +and rivals—and what men in power had not?—who +might be glad to catch them tripping, and +make a case against them at Rome, why, it must be +confessed that Agellius was nearly the only victim +who could be pitched upon. He wished Callista no +harm, but, if a Christian must be found and held up +<hi rend="italic">in terrorem</hi>, he would rather it was a person like her, +without connections and home, than the member of +any decent family of Sicca, whose fair fame would be +compromised by a catastrophe. However, she was +<hi rend="italic">not</hi> a Christian, and Agellius <hi rend="italic">was</hi>, at least by profession; +and his fear was lest Juba should be right in +his estimate of his brother’s character. Juba had said +that Agellius could be as obstinate as he was ordinarily +indolent and yielding, and Jucundus dreaded +lest, if he were rudely charged with Christianity, and +bidden to renounce it under pain of punishment, he +would rebel against the tyrannical order, and go to +prison and to death out of sheer perverseness or sense +of honour. +</p> + +<p> +With these perplexities before him, he could find +nothing better than the following plan of action, which +had been in his mind for some time. While the edict +remained inoperative, he would do nothing at all, and +let Agellius go on with his country occupations, which +would keep him out of the way. But if any disposition +appeared of a popular commotion, or a movement on +the part of the magistracy, he determined to get +pos<pb n="148"/><anchor id="Pg148"/>session of Agellius, and forcibly confine him in his +own house in Sicca. He hoped that in the case of one +so young, so uncommitted, he should have influence +with the municipal authorities, or at the prætorium, or +in the camp (for the camp and the prætorium were +under different jurisdictions in the proconsulate), to +shelter Agellius from a public inquiry into his religious +tenets, or if this could not be, to smuggle him out of +the city. He was ready to affirm solemnly that his +nephew was no Christian, though he was touched in +the head, and, from an affection parallel to hydrophobia, +to which the disciples of Galen ought to turn +their attention, was sent into convulsions on the sight +of an altar. His father, indeed, was a malignant old +atheist—there was no harm in being angry with the +dead—but it was very hard the son should suffer for +his father’s offence. If he must be judged of by his +parents, let him rather have the advantage of the thorough +loyalty and religiousness of his mother, a most +zealous old lady, in high repute in the neighbourhood +of Sicca for her theurgic knowledge, a staunch +friend of the imperial government, which had before +now been indebted to her for important information, +and as staunch a hater of the Christians. Such was +the plan of proceedings resolved on by Jucundus +before he received the news of his nephew’s serious +malady. It did not reach him till many days after; +and then he did not go to see him, first, lest he should +be supposed to be in communication with him, next, +as having no respect for that romantic sort of +gene<pb n="149"/><anchor id="Pg149"/>rosity which risks the chances of contagion for the +absurd ceremony of paying a compliment. +</p> + +<p> +It was thus that Jucundus addressed himself to the +present state of affairs, and anticipated the chances of +the future. As to Aristo, he had very little personal +interest in the matter. His sister might have thwarted +him in affairs which lay nearer his heart than the +moral emancipation of Agellius; and as she generally +complied with his suggestions and wishes, whatever +they were, he did not grudge her her liberty of action +in this instance. Nor had the occurrence which had +taken place any great visible effect upon Callista herself. +She had lost her right to be indignant with +her brother, and she resigned or rather abandoned +herself to her destiny. Her better feelings had been +brought out for the moment in her conversation with +Agellius; but they were not ordinary ones. True, +she was tired, but she was the slave of the world; +and Agellius had only made her more sceptical than +before that there was any service better. So at least +she said to herself; she said it was fantastic to go elsewhere +for good, and that, if life was short, then, as her +brother said, it was necessary to make the most of it. +</p> + +<milestone unit="tb"/> +<p> +And meanwhile, what of Agellius himself? Why, +it will be some little time before Agellius will be in +a condition to moralize upon anything. His faithful +slave half-carried, half-drew him into the cottage, +and stretched him upon his bed. Then, having sufficient +skill for the ordinary illnesses of the country, +<pb n="150"/><anchor id="Pg150"/>though this was more than an ordinary fever, he +drew blood from him, gave him a draught of herbs, +and left him to the slow but safe processes of nature +to restore him. It could not be affirmed that he was +not in considerable danger of life, yet youth carries +hope with it, and his attendant had little to fear for +his recovery. For some days certainly Agellius had +no apprehension of anything, except of restlessness +and distress, of sleepless nights, or dreary, miserable +dreams. At length one morning, as he was lying on +his back with his eyes shut, it came into his mind to +ask himself whether Sunday would ever come. He +had been accustomed upon the first day of the week +to say some particular prayers and psalms, and unite +himself in spirit with his brethren beyond seas. And +then he tried to remember the last Sunday; and the +more he thought, the less he could remember it, till +he began to think that months had gone without a +Sunday. This he was certain of, that he had lost +reckoning, for he had made no notches for the days +for a long while past, and unless his slave Asper +knew, there was no one to tell him. Here he got so +puzzled, that it was like one of the bad dreams which +had worried him. He felt it affect his head, and he +was obliged to give up the inquiry. +</p> + +<p> +From this time his sleep was better and more refreshing +for several days; he was more collected +when he was awake, and was able to ask himself why +he lay there, and what had happened to him. Then +gradually his memory began to return like the +dawn<pb n="151"/><anchor id="Pg151"/>ing of the day; the cause and the circumstances of +his recent visit to the city, point after point came up, +and he felt first wonder, and then certainty. He recollected +the Forum, and then the edict; a solemn, +overpowering emotion here seized him, and for a +while he dared not think more. When he recovered, +and tried to pursue the events of the day, he found +himself unequal to the task; all was dark, except +that he had some vague remembrance of thirsting, +and some one giving him to drink, and then his saying +with the Psalmist, <q>Transivimus per ignem et +aquam.</q> +</p> + +<p> +He opened his eyes and looked about him. He +was at home. There was some one at the bed-head +whom he could not see hanging over him, and he +was too weak to raise himself and so command a +view of him. He waited patiently, being too feeble +to have any great anxiety on the subject. Presently +a voice addressed him: <q>You are recovering, my son,</q> +it said. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Who are <hi rend="italic">you</hi>?</q> said Agellius abruptly. The +person spoken to applied his mouth to Agellius’s ear, +and uttered lowly several sacred names. +</p> + +<p> +Agellius would have started up had he been strong +enough; he could but sink down upon his rushes in +agitation. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Be content to know no more at present,</q> said the +stranger, <q>praise God, as I do. You know enough +for your present strength. It is your act of obedience +for the day.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="152"/><anchor id="Pg152"/> + +<p> +It was a deep, clear, peaceful, authoritative voice. +In his present state, as we have said, it cost Agellius +no great effort to mortify curiosity; and the accents +of that voice soothed him, and the mystery employed +his mind, and had something pleasing and attractive +in it. Moreover, about the main point there was no +mystery, and could be no mistake, that he was in the +hands of a Christian ecclesiastic. +</p> + +<p> +The stranger occupied himself for a time with a book +of prayers which he carried about him, and then again +with the duties of a sick-bed. He sprinkled vinegar +over Agellius’s face and about the room, and supplied +him with the refreshment of cooling fruit. He kept +the flies from tormenting him, and did his best so to +arrange his posture that he might suffer least from +his long lying. In the morning and evening he let in +the air, and he excluded the sultry noon. In these +various occupations he was from time to time removed +to a distance from the patient, who thus had an opportunity +of observing him. The stranger was of middle +height, upright, and well proportioned; he was dressed +in a peasant’s or slave’s dark tunic. His face was +rather round than long; his hair black, yet with the +promise of greyness, with what might be baldness in +the crown, or a priest’s tonsure. His short beard +curled round his chin; his complexion was very clear. +But the most striking point about him was his eyes; +they were of a light or greyish blue, transparent, and +shining like precious stones. +</p> + +<p> +From the day that they first interchanged words, +<pb n="153"/><anchor id="Pg153"/>the priest said some short prayers from time to time +with Agellius—the Lord’s Prayer, and portions of the +Psalms. Afterwards, when he was well enough to +converse, Agellius was struck with the inexpressible +peculiarity of his manner. It was self-collected, serene, +gentle, tender, unobtrusive, unstudied. It enabled +him to say things severe and even stern, without +startling, offending, or repelling the hearer. He spoke +very little about himself, though from time to time +points of detail were elicited of his history in the +course of conversation. He said that his name was +Cæcilius. Asper, when he entered the room, would +kneel down and offer to kiss the stranger’s sandal, +though the latter generally managed to prevent it. +</p> + +<p> +Cæcilius did not speak much about himself; but +Agellius, on the other hand, found it a relief to tell +out his own history, and reflect upon and describe his +own feelings. As he lay on his bed, he half soliloquized, +half addressed himself to the stranger. Sometimes +he required an answer; sometimes he seemed +to require none. Once he asked suddenly, after a long +silence, whether a man could be baptized twice; and +when the priest answered distinctly in the negative, +Agellius replied that if so, he thought it would be best +never to be baptized till the hour of death. It was a +question, he said, which had perplexed him a good +deal, but he never had had any one to converse with +on the subject. +</p> + +<p> +Cæcilius answered, <q>But how could you promise +yourself that you would be able to obtain the +sacra<pb n="154"/><anchor id="Pg154"/>ment at the last moment? The water and the administrator +might come just too late; and then where +would you be, my son? And then again, how do you +know you would wish it? Is your will simply in your +own power? <q>Carpe diem;</q> take God’s gift while +you can.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The benefit is so immense,</q> answered Agellius, +<q>that one would wish, if one could, to enter into the +unseen world without losing its fulness. This cannot +be, if a long time elapses between baptism and +death.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You are, then, of the number of those,</q> said +Cæcilius, <q>who would cheat their Maker of His claim +on their life, provided they could (as it is said) in their +last moment cheat the devil.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius continuing silent, Cæcilius added, <q>You +want to enjoy this world, and to inherit the next; is +it so?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I am puzzled, my head is weak, father; I do not +see my way to speak.</q> Presently he said, <q>Sin after +baptism is so awful a matter; there is no second laver +for sin; and then again, to sin against baptism is so +great a sin.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The priest said, <q>In baptism God becomes your +Father; your own God; your worship; your love—can +you give up this great gift all through your life? +Would you live <q>without God in this world</q>?</q> +</p> + +<p> +Tears came into Agellius’s eyes, and his throat +became oppressed. At last he said, distinctly and +tenderly, <q>No.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="155"/><anchor id="Pg155"/> + +<p> +After a while the priest said, <q>I suppose what you +fear is the fire of judgment, and the prison; not lest +you should fall away and be lost.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I know, my dear father,</q> answered the sick youth, +<q>that I have no right to reckon on anything, or promise +myself anything; yet somehow I have never +feared hell—though I ought, I know I ought; but I +have not. I deserve the worst, but somehow I have +thought that God would lead me on. He ever has +done so.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Then you fear the fire of judgment,</q> said Cæcilius; +<q>you’d put off baptism for fear of that fire.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I did not say I <hi rend="italic">would</hi>,</q> answered Agellius; <q>I +wanted <hi rend="italic">you</hi> to explain the thing to me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Which would you rather, Agellius, be without God +here, or suffer the fire there?</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius smiled; he said faintly, <q>I take Him for +my portion here <hi rend="italic">and</hi> there: <hi rend="italic">He</hi> will be in the fire with +me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius lay quiet for some hours, and seemed +asleep. Suddenly he began again, <q>I was baptized +when I was only six years old. I’m glad you do not +think it was wilful in me, and wrong. I cannot tell +what took me,</q> he presently continued. <q>It was a +fervour; I have had nothing of the kind since. What +does our Lord say? I can’t remember: <q>Novissima +pejora prioribus.</q></q> +</p> + +<p> +He continued the train of thought another day, or +rather the course of his argument; for on the thought +itself his mind seemed ever to be working. <q>My +<pb n="156"/><anchor id="Pg156"/>spring is gone,</q> he said, <q>and I have no summer. Nay, +I have had no spring; it was a day, not a season. +It came, and it went; where am I now? Can spring +ever return? I wish to begin again in right earnest.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Thank God, my son, for this great mercy,</q> said +Cæcilius, <q>that, though you have relaxed, you have +never severed yourself from the peace of the Church, +you have not denied your God.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius sighed bitterly. <q>O my father,</q> he said, +<q><q>Erravi, sicut ovis quæ periit.</q> I have been very +near denying Him, at least by outward act. You do +not know me; you cannot know what has come on me +lately. And I dare not look back on it, my heart is so +weak. My father, how am I to repent of what is past, +when I dare not think of it? To think of it is to +renew the sin.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q><q>Puer meus, noli timere,</q></q> answered the priest; +<q><q>si transieris per ignem, odor ejus non erit in te.</q> +In penance, the grace of God carries you without +harm through thoughts and words which <hi rend="italic">would</hi> harm +you apart from it.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah, penance!</q> said Agellius; <q>I recollect the +catechism. What is it, father? a new grace, I know; +a plank after baptism. May I have it?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You are not strong enough yet to think of these +things, Agellius,</q> answered Cæcilius. <q>Please God, +you shall get well. Then you shall review all your +life, and bring it out in order before Him; and He, +through me, will wipe away all that has been amiss. +Praise Him who has spared you for this.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="157"/><anchor id="Pg157"/> + +<p> +It was too much for the patient in his weak state; +he could but shed happy tears. +</p> + +<p> +Another day he had sat up in bed. He looked at +his hands, from which the skin was peeling; he felt +his lips, and it was with them the same; and his hair +seemed coming off also. He smiled and said, <q>Renovabitur, +ut aquila, juventus mea.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Cæcilius responded, as before, with sacred words +which were new to Agellius: <q><q>Qui sperant in Domino +mutabunt fortitudinem; assument pennas, sicut +aquilæ,</q> <q>Sursum corda!</q> you must soar, Agellius.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q><q>Sursum corda!</q></q> answered he; <q>I know those +words. They are old friends; where have I heard +them? I can’t recollect; but they are in my earliest +memories. Ah! but, my father, my heart is below, +not above. I want to tell you all. I want to tell +you about one who has enthralled my heart; who has +divided it with my True Love. But I daren’t speak +of her, as I have said; I dare not speak, lest I be +carried away. O, I blush to say it; she is a heathen! +May God save her soul! Will He come to me, and +not to her? <q>Investigabiles viæ ejus.</q></q> +</p> + +<p> +He remained silent for some time; then he said, +<q>Father, I mean to dedicate myself to God, simply, +absolutely, with His grace. I will be His, and He +shall be mine. No one shall come between us. But +O this weak heart!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Keep your good resolves till you are <anchor id="corr157"/><corr sic="single quote">stronger,</corr></q> +said the priest. <q>It is easy to make them on a sick-bed. +You must first reckon the charges.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="158"/><anchor id="Pg158"/> + +<p> +Agellius smiled. <q>I know the passage, father,</q> he +said, and he repeated the sacred words: <q>If any +man come to Me, and hate not his father and mother, +and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, +and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Another time Agellius said: <q>The Martyrs; surely +the old bishop used to say something about the Martyrs. +He spoke of a second baptism, and called it a +baptism of blood; and said, <q>Might his soul be with +the Martyrs!</q> Father, would not this wash out every +thing, as the first?</q> +</p> + +<p> +It was now Cæcilius who smiled, and his eyes shone +like the sapphires of the Holy City; and he seemed +the ideal of him who, when +</p> + +<lg> +<l rend="margin-left: 10"><q rend="post: none">Called upon to face</q></l> +<l>Some awful moment to which heaven has joined</l> +<l>Great issues, good or bad for humankind,</l> +<l>Is happy as a lover, and attired</l> +<l><q rend="pre: none">With sudden brightness, like a man inspired.</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +However, he soon controlled himself, and said, <q>Quo +ego vado, non potes me modo sequi; sequeris autem +postea.</q> +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XIV" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="159"/><anchor id="Pg159"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XIV. A small cloud"/> +<head>CHAPTER XIV.</head> + +<head type="sub">A SMALL CLOUD.</head> + +<p> +This sort of intercourse, growing in frequency and +fulness, went on for about a week, till Agellius was +able to walk with support, and to leave the cottage. +The priest and his own slave took him between them, +and seated him one evening in sight of the glorious +prospect, traversed by the long shadow of the far +mountains, behind which the sun was making its way. +The air was filled with a thousand odours; the +brilliant colouring of the western heavens was contrasted +with the more sober but varied tints of the +rich country. The wheat and barley harvest was +over; but the beans were late, and still stood in the +fields. The olives and chestnut-trees were full of +fruit; the early fig was supplying the markets with +food; and the numerous vineyards were patiently +awaiting the suns of the next month slowly to perfect +their present promise. The beautiful scene had a +moral dignity, from its associations with human +sustenance and well-being. The inexpressible calmness +of evening was flung, like a robe, over it. Its +sweetness was too much for one who had been +con<pb n="160"/><anchor id="Pg160"/>fined to the monotony of a sick-room, and was still +an invalid. He sat silent, and in tears. It was life +from the dead; and he felt he had risen to a different +life. And thus he came out evening after evening +convalescent, gradually and surely advancing to perfect +restoration of his health. +</p> + +<p> +One evening he said, after feeding his eyes and +thoughts for some time with the prospect, <q><q>Mansueti +hereditabunt terram.</q> They alone have real enjoyment +of this earth who believe in its Maker. Every +breath of air seems to whisper how good He is to +me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Cæcilius answered, <q>These sights are the shadows +of that fairer Paradise which is our home, where there +is no beast of prey, no venomous reptile, no sin. My +child, should <hi rend="italic">I</hi> not feel this more than you? Those +who are shut up in crowded cities see but the work of +man, which is evil. It is the compensation of my +flight from Carthage that I am brought before the +face of God.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The heathen worship all this, as if God Himself,</q> +said Agellius; <q>how strange it seems to me that any +one can forget the Creator in His works!</q> +</p> + +<p> +Cæcilius was silent for a moment, and sighed; he +then said, <q>You have ever been a Christian, Agellius.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>And you have not, my father?</q> answered he; +<q>well, you have earned that grace which came to me +freely.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Agellius,</q> said the priest, <q>it comes freely to all; +and is only merited when it has already prevailed. +<pb n="161"/><anchor id="Pg161"/>Yet I think you earned it too, else why the difference +between you and your brother?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>What do you know of us?</q> asked Agellius +quickly. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Not a great deal,</q> answered he, <q>yet something. +Three or four years back an effort was made to rekindle +the Christian spirit in these parts, and to do +something for the churches of the proconsulate, and +to fill up the vacant sees. Nothing has come of it as +yet; but steps were taken towards it: one was to +obtain a recovery of the Christians who remained in +them. I was sent here for that purpose, and in this +way heard of you and your brother. When my life +was threatened by the persecution, and I had to flee, +I thought of your cottage. I was obliged to act +secretly, as we did not know friends from foes.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You were led here for other purposes towards <hi rend="italic">me</hi>, +my father,</q> said Agellius; <q>yet you cannot have a +safer refuge. There is nothing to disturb, nothing to +cause suspicion here. In this harvest time numbers +of strangers pour in from the mountains, of various +races; there is nothing to distinguish you from one +of them, and my brother is away convoying some +grain to Carthage. Persecution drove you hither, but +you have not been suffered to be idle, my father, you +have brought home a wanderer.</q> He added, after a +pause, <q>I am well enough to go to confession to you +now. May it be this evening?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>It will be well,</q> answered Cæcilius; <q>how long I +shall still be here, I cannot tell. I am expecting my +<pb n="162"/><anchor id="Pg162"/>trusty messenger with despatches. It is now three +days since he was here. However, this I say without +misgiving, we do not part for long. What do +you here longer? you must come to me. I must prepare +you, and send you back to Sicca, to collect and +restore this scattered flock.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius turned, and leaned against the priest’s +shoulder, and laughed. <q>I am laughing,</q> he said, +<q>not from lightness of mind, but from the depth of +surprise and of joy that you should so think of me. +It was a dream which once I had; but impossible! +you do not think that I, weak I, shall ever be able to +do more than save my own soul?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You will save your own soul by saving the souls +of others,</q> said Cæcilius; <q>my child, I could tell you +more things if I thought it good for you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>But, my father, I have so weak, so soft a heart,</q> +cried Agellius; <q>what am I to do with myself? I am +not of the temper of which heroes are made.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q><q>Virtus in infirmitate perficitur,</q></q> said the priest. +<q>What! are you to do <hi rend="italic">any</hi> thing of yourself? or are +you to be simply the instrument of Another? We +shall have the same termination, you and myself, but +you long after me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah, father, because <hi rend="italic">you</hi> will burn out so much +more quickly!</q> said Agellius. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I think,</q> said Cæcilius, <q>I see my messenger; +there is some one who has made his way by stealth +into the garden, or at least not by the beaten way.</q> +</p> + +<p> +There <hi rend="italic">was</hi> a visitor, as Cæcilius had said; however, +<pb n="163"/><anchor id="Pg163"/>it was not his messenger, but Juba, who approached, +looking with great curiosity at Cæcilius, and absorbed +in the sight. Cæcilius in turn regarded him steadfastly, +and then said to Agellius, <q>It is your +brother.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>What brings you here, Juba?</q> said the latter. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I have been away on a distant errand,</q> said Juba; +<q>and find you have been ill. Is this your nurse?</q> he +eyed him almost sternly, and added, <q>’Tis a Christian +priest.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Has Agellius no acquaintance but Christians?</q> +asked Cæcilius. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Acquaintance! O surely!</q> answered Juba; +<q>agreeable, innocent, sweet acquaintance of another +sort; myself to begin with. My lad,</q> he continued, +<q>you did not rise to their price, but you did your +best.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Juba,</q> said his brother, <q>if you have any business +here, say it, and have done. I am not strong enough +to hold any altercation with you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Business!</q> said Juba, <q>I can find quite business +enough here, if I choose. This is a priest of the +Christians. I am sure of it.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Cæcilius looked at him with such calmness and +benevolence, that at length Juba turned away his eyes +with something of irritation. He said, <q>If I <hi rend="italic">am</hi> a +priest, I am here to claim you as one of my children.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Juba winced, but said scornfully, <q>You are mistaken +there, father; speak to those who own you. I am a +free man.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="164"/><anchor id="Pg164"/> + +<p> +<q>My son,</q> Cæcilius answered, <q>you have been +under instruction; it is your duty to go forward, not +back.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>What do you know about me?</q> said Juba; <q>he +has been telling.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Your face, your manner, your voice, tells a tale; I +need no information from others. I have heard of +you years ago; now I see you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>What do you see in me?</q> said Juba. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I see pride in bodily shape, treading down faith +and conviction,</q> said Cæcilius. +</p> + +<p> +Juba neighed rather than laughed, so fierce and +scornful was its expression. <q>What you slaves call +pride,</q> he said, <q>I call dignity.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You believe in a God, Creator of heaven and +earth, as certainly as I do,</q> said the priest, <q>but you +deliberately set yourself against Him.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Juba smiled. <q>I am as free,</q> he said, <q>in <hi rend="italic">my</hi> place, +as He in His.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You mean,</q> answered Cæcilius, <q>free to do wrong, +and free to suffer for it.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You may call it wrong, and call it suffering,</q> +replied Juba; <q>but for me, <hi rend="italic">I</hi> do not call wrong what +He calls wrong; and if He puts me to pain, it is +because He is the stronger.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The priest stopped awhile; there was no emotion +on either side. It was strange to see them so passionless, +so antagonistic, like St. Michael and his adversary. +</p> + +<p> +<q>There is that within you,</q> said Cæcilius, <q>which +<pb n="165"/><anchor id="Pg165"/>speaks as I speak. That inward voice takes the part +of the Creator, and condemns you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q><hi rend="italic">He</hi> put it there,</q> said Juba; <q>and <hi rend="italic">I</hi> will take care +to put it out.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Then He will have justice as well as power on His +side,</q> said the priest. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I will never fawn or crouch,</q> said Juba; <q>I will be +lord and master in my own soul. Every faculty shall +be mine; there shall be no divided allegiance.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Cæcilius paused again; he said at length, <q>My son, +my soul tells me, or rather my Maker tells me, and +your Maker, that some heavy judgment is impending +over you. Do penance while you may.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Tell your forebodings to women and children,</q> +said Juba; <q>I am prepared for anything. I will not +be crushed.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius was not strong enough to bear a part in +such a scene. <q>Father,</q> he said, <q>it is his way, but +don’t believe him. He has better thoughts. Away +with you, Juba, you are not wanted here.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Agellius,</q> said the priest, <q>such words are not +strange to me. I am not young, and have seen much +of the world; and my very office and position elicits +blasphemies from others from time to time. I knew a +man who carried out his bad thoughts and words into +act. Abjuring his Maker, he abandoned himself to the +service of the evil one. He betrayed his brethren to +death. He lived on year after year, and became old. +He was smitten with illness; then I first saw him. I +made him contemplate a picture; it was the picture of +<pb n="166"/><anchor id="Pg166"/>the Good Shepherd. I dwelt on the vain efforts of the +poor sheep to get out of the fold; its irrational aversion +to its home, and its desperate resolution to force a +way through the prickly fence. It was pierced and torn +with the sharp aloe; at last it lay imprisoned in its stern +embrace, motionless and bleeding. Then the Shepherd, +though He had to wound His own hands in the +work, disengaged it, and brought it back. God has +His own times; His power went along with the picture, +and the man was moved. I said, <q><hi rend="italic">This</hi> is His +return for your enmity: He is determined to have +you, cost Him what it will.</q> I need not go through +the many things that followed, but the issue may be +told in few words. He came back; he lived a life of +penance at the Church’s door; he received the peace +of the Church in immediate prospect of the persecution, +and has within the last ten days died a martyr’s +death.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Juba had listened as if he was constrained against +his will. When the priest stopped he started, and +began to speak impetuously, and unlike his ordinary +tone. He placed his hands violently against his ears. +<q>Stop!</q> he said, <q>no more. <hi rend="italic">I</hi> will not betray them; +no: I <hi rend="italic">need</hi> not betray them;</q> he laughed; <q>the black +moor does the work himself. Look,</q> he cried, seizing +the priest’s arm, and pointing to a part of the forest, +which happened to be to windward. <q>You are in +their number, priest, who can foretell the destinies of +others, and are blind to their own. Read there, the +task is not hard, your coming fortunes.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="167"/><anchor id="Pg167"/> + +<p> +His finger was directed to a spot where, amid the +thick foliage, the gleam of a pool or of a marsh was +visible. The various waters round about issuing from +the gravel, or drained from the nightly damps, had +run into a hollow, filled with the decaying vegetation +of former years, and were languidly filtered out into a +brook, more healthy than the vast reservoir itself. Its +banks were bordered with a deep, broad layer of mud, +a transition substance between the rich vegetable +matter which it once had been, and the multitudinous +world of insect life which it was becoming. A cloud +or mist at this time was hanging over it, high in air. +A harsh and shrill sound, a whizzing or a chirping, +proceeded from that cloud to the ear of the attentive +listener. What these indications portended was plain. +<q>There,</q> said Juba, <q>is what will tell more against you +than imperial edict, informer, or proconsular apparitor; +and no work of mine.</q> +</p> + +<p> +He turned down the bank and disappeared. Agellius +and his guest looked at each other in dismay. <q>It +is the locusts,</q> they whispered to each other, as they +went back into the cottage. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XV" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="168"/><anchor id="Pg168"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XV. A visitation"/> +<head>CHAPTER XV.</head> + +<head type="sub">A VISITATION.</head> + +<p> +The plague of locusts, one of the most awful visitations +to which the countries included in the Roman +empire were exposed, extended from the Atlantic to +Ethiopia, from Arabia to India, and from the Nile +and Red Sea to Greece and the north of Asia Minor. +Instances are recorded in history of clouds of the devastating +insect crossing the Black Sea to Poland, +and the Mediterranean to Lombardy. It is as numerous +in its species as it is wide in its range of territory. +Brood follows brood, with a sort of family +likeness, yet with distinct attributes, as we read in +the prophets of the Old Testament, from whom +Bochart tells us it is possible to enumerate as many +as ten kinds. It wakens into existence and activity +as early as the month of March; but instances are +not wanting, as in our present history, of its appearance +as late as June. Even one flight comprises +myriads upon myriads passing imagination, to which +the drops of rain or the sands of the sea are the only +fit comparison; and hence it is almost a proverbial +mode of expression in the East (as may be illustrated +<pb n="169"/><anchor id="Pg169"/>by the sacred pages to which we just now referred), +by way of describing a vast invading army, to liken +it to the locusts. So dense are they, when upon the +wing, that it is no exaggeration to say that they hide +the sun, from which circumstance indeed their name +in Arabic is derived. And so ubiquitous are they +when they have alighted on the earth, that they +simply cover or clothe its surface. +</p> + +<p> +This last characteristic is stated in the sacred +account of the plagues of Egypt, where their faculty +of devastation is also mentioned. The corrupting +fly and the bruising and prostrating hail had preceded +them in that series of visitations, but <hi rend="italic">they</hi> +came to do the work of ruin more thoroughly. For +not only the crops and fruits, but the foliage of the +forest itself, nay, the small twigs and the bark of the +trees are the victims of their curious and energetic +rapacity. They have been known even to gnaw the +door-posts of the houses. Nor do they execute their +task in so slovenly a way, that, as they have succeeded +other plagues so they may have successors +themselves. They take pains to spoil what they +leave. Like the Harpies, they smear every thing +that they touch with a miserable slime, which has +the effect of a virus in corroding, or, as some say, in +scorching and burning it. And then, as if all this +were little, when they can do nothing else, they die;—as +if out of sheer malevolence to man, for the poisonous +elements of their nature are then let loose, and +dispersed abroad, and create a pestilence; and they +<pb n="170"/><anchor id="Pg170"/>manage to destroy many more by their death than +in their life. +</p> + +<p> +Such are the locusts,—whose existence the ancient +heretics brought forward as their palmary proof that +there was an evil creator, and of whom an Arabian +writer shows his national horror, when he says that +they have the head of a horse, the eyes of an elephant, +the neck of a bull, the horns of a stag, the breast +of a lion, the belly of a scorpion, the wings of an +eagle, the legs of a camel, the feet of an ostrich, +and the tail of a serpent. +</p> + +<p> +And now they are rushing upon a considerable +tract of that beautiful region of which we have spoken +with such admiration. The swarm to which Juba +pointed grew and grew till it became a compact +body, as much as a furlong square; yet it was but +the vanguard of a series of similar hosts, formed one +after another out of the hot mould or sand, rising +into the air like clouds, enlarging into a dusky +canopy, and then discharged against the fruitful +plain. At length the huge innumerous mass was put +into motion, and began its career, darkening the face +of day. As became an instrument of divine power, +it seemed to have no volition of its own; it was set +off, it drifted, with the wind, and thus made northwards, +straight for Sicca. Thus they advanced, host +after host, for a time wafted on the air, and gradually +declining to the earth, while fresh broods were carried +over the first, and neared the earth, after a longer +flight, in their turn. For twelve miles did they +<pb n="171"/><anchor id="Pg171"/>extend from front to rear, and their whizzing and +hissing could be heard for six miles on every side +of them. The bright sun, though hidden by them, +illumined their bodies, and was reflected from their +quivering wings; and as they heavily fell earthward, +they seemed like the innumerable flakes of a yellow-coloured +snow. And like snow did they descend, a +living carpet, or rather pall, upon fields, crops, +gardens, copses, groves, orchards, vineyards, olive +woods, orangeries, palm plantations, and the deep +forests, sparing nothing within their reach, and where +there was nothing to devour, lying helpless in drifts, +or crawling forward obstinately, as they best might, +with the hope of prey. They could spare their +hundred thousand soldiers twice or thrice over, and +not miss them; their masses filled the bottoms of +the ravines and hollow ways, impeding the traveller +as he rode forward on his journey, and trampled by +thousands under his horse-hoofs. In vain was all +this overthrow and waste by the road-side; in vain +their loss in river, pool, and watercourse. The poor +peasants hastily dug pits and trenches as their +enemy came on; in vain they filled them from the +wells or with lighted stubble. Heavily and thickly +did the locusts fall: they were lavish of their lives; +they choked the flame and the water, which destroyed +them the while, and the vast living hostile armament +still moved on. +</p> + +<p> +They moved right on like soldiers in their ranks, +stopping at nothing, and straggling for nothing: +<pb n="172"/><anchor id="Pg172"/>they carried a broad furrow or wheal all across +the country, black and loathsome, while it was +as green and smiling on each side of them and +in front, as it had been before they came. Before +them, in the language of prophets, was a paradise; +and behind them a desert. They are daunted +by nothing; they surmount walls and hedges, and +enter enclosed gardens or inhabited houses. A +rare and experimental vineyard has been planted +in a sheltered grove. The high winds of Africa +will not commonly allow the light trellis or the +slim pole; but here the lofty poplar of Campania +has been possible, on which the vine plant mounts so +many yards into the air, that the poor grape-gatherers +bargain for a funeral pile and a tomb as one of the +conditions of their engagement. The locusts have +done what the winds and lightning could not do, +and the whole promise of the vintage, leaves and all, +is gone, and the slender stems are left bare. There +is another yard, less uncommon, but still tended with +more than common care; each plant is kept within +due bounds by a circular trench round it, and by +upright canes on which it is to trail; in an hour the +solicitude and long toil of the vine-dresser are lost, +and his pride humbled. There is a smiling farm; +another sort of vine, of remarkable character, is found +against the farm-house. This vine springs from one +root, and has clothed and matted with its many +branches the four walls; the whole of it is covered +thick with long clusters, which another month will +<pb n="173"/><anchor id="Pg173"/>ripen:—on every grape and leaf there is a locust. Into +the dry caves and pits, carefully strewed with straw, the +harvest-men have (safely, as they thought just now) +been lodging the far-famed African wheat. One grain +or root shoots up into ten, twenty, fifty, eighty, nay, +three or four hundred stalks: sometimes the stalks +have two ears apiece, and these again shoot into a +number of lesser ones. These stores are intended for +the Roman populace, but the locusts have been beforehand +with them. The small patches of ground +belonging to the poor peasants up and down the +country, for raising the turnips, garlic, barley, watermelons, +on which they live, are the prey of these +glutton invaders as much as the choicest vines and +olives. Nor have they any reverence for the villa of +the civic decurion or the Roman official. The neatly +arranged kitchen-garden, with its cherries, plums, +peaches, and apricots, is a waste; as the slaves sit +round, in the kitchen in the first court, at their coarse +evening meal, the room is filled with the invading +force, and news comes to them that the enemy has +fallen upon the apples and pears in the basement, and +is at the same time plundering and sacking the +preserves of quince and pomegranate, and revelling +in the jars of precious oil of Cyprus and Mendes in +the store-rooms. +</p> + +<p> +They come up to the walls of Sicca, and are flung +against them into the ditch. Not a moment’s hesitation +or delay; they recover their footing, they climb +up the wood or stucco, they surmount the parapet, or +<pb n="174"/><anchor id="Pg174"/>they have entered in at the windows, filling the apartments, +and the most private and luxurious chambers, +not one or two, like stragglers at forage or rioters +after a victory, but in order of battle, and with the +array of an army. Choice plants or flowers about the +<hi rend="italic">impluvia</hi> and <hi rend="italic">xysti</hi>, for ornament or refreshment, myrtles, +oranges, pomegranates, the rose and the carnation, +have disappeared. They dim the bright marbles +of the walls and the gilding of the ceilings. They +enter the triclinium in the midst of the banquet; they +crawl over the viands and spoil what they do not +devour. Unrelaxed by success and by enjoyment, +onward they go; a secret mysterious instinct keeps +them together, as if they had a king over them. +They move along the floor in so strange an order that +they seem to be a tesselated pavement themselves, +and to be the artificial embellishment of the place; +so true are their lines, and so perfect is the pattern +they describe. Onward they go, to the market, to the +temple sacrifices, to the baker’s stores, to the cook-shops, +to the confectioner’s, to the druggists; nothing +comes amiss to them; wherever man has aught to eat +or drink, there are they, reckless of death, strong of +appetite, certain of conquest. +</p> + +<p> +They have passed on; the men of Sicca sadly congratulate +themselves, and begin to look about them, +and to sum up their losses. Being the proprietors of +the neighbouring districts, or the purchasers of its +produce, they lament over the devastation, not because +the fair country is disfigured, but because income is +<pb n="175"/><anchor id="Pg175"/>becoming scanty, and prices are becoming high. +How is a population of many thousands to be fed? +where is the grain, where the melons, the figs, the +dates, the gourds, the beans, the grapes, to sustain +and solace the multitudes in their lanes, caverns, and +garrets? This is another weighty consideration for +the class well-to-do in the world. The taxes, too, +and contributions, the capitation tax, the percentage +upon corn, the various articles of revenues due to +Rome, how are they to be paid? How are cattle to +be provided for the sacrifices and for the tables of +the wealthy? One-half, at least, of the supply of Sicca +is cut off. No longer slaves are seen coming into the +city from the country in troops with their baskets on +their shoulders, or beating forward the horse, or +mule, or ox, overladen with its burden, or driving in +the dangerous cow, or the unresisting sheep. The +animation of the place is gone; a gloom hangs over +the Forum; and if its frequenters are still merry +there is something of sullenness and recklessness in +their mirth. The gods have given the city up; +something or other has angered them. Locusts, indeed, +are no uncommon visitation, but at an earlier +season. Perhaps some temple has been polluted, or +some unholy rite practised, or some secret conspiracy +has spread. +</p> + +<p> +Another and a still worse calamity. The invaders, +as we have already intimated, could be more terrible +still in their overthrow than in their ravages. The +inhabitants of the country had attempted, where +<pb n="176"/><anchor id="Pg176"/>they could, to destroy them by fire and water. It +would seem as if the malignant animals had resolved +that the sufferers should have the benefit of this +policy to the full; for they had not got more than +twenty miles beyond Sicca when they suddenly sickened +and died. Thus after they had done all the +mischief they could by their living, when they had +made their foul maws the grave of every living thing, +then they died themselves, and made the desolated +land their own grave. They took from it its hundred +forms and varieties of beautiful life, and left it their +own fetid and poisonous carcases in payment. It +was a sudden catastrophe; they seemed making for +the Mediterranean, as if, like other great conquerors, +they had other worlds to subdue beyond it; but +whether they were overgorged, or struck by some +atmospheric change, or that their time was come and +they paid the debt of nature, so it was that suddenly +they fell, and their glory came to nought, and all was +vanity to them as to others, and <q>their stench rose +up, and their corruption rose up, because they had +done proudly.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The hideous swarms lay dead in the moist steaming +underwoods, in the green swamps, in the sheltered +valleys, in the ditches and furrows of the fields, amid +the monuments of their own prowess, the ruined +crops and the dishonoured vineyards. A poisonous +element, issuing from their remains, mingled with +the atmosphere, and corrupted it. The dismayed +peasant found that a pestilence had begun; a new +<pb n="177"/><anchor id="Pg177"/>visitation, not confined to the territory which the +enemy had made its own, but extending far and +wide, as the atmosphere extends, in all directions. +Their daily toil, no longer claimed by the produce of +the earth, which has ceased to exist, is now devoted +to the object of ridding themselves of the deadly +legacy which they have received in its stead. In +vain; it is their last toil; they are digging pits, they +are raising piles, for their own corpses, as well as for +the bodies of their enemies. Invader and victim lie +in the same grave, burn in the same heap; they +sicken while they work, and the pestilence spreads. +A new invasion is menacing Sicca, in the shape of +companies of peasants and slaves, (the panic having +broken the bonds of discipline,) with their employers +and overseers, nay the farmers themselves and proprietors, +rushing thither from famine and infection +as to a place of safety. The inhabitants of the +city are as frightened as they, and more energetic. +They determine to keep them at a distance; the +gates are closed; a strict <hi rend="italic">cordon</hi> is drawn; however, +by the continued pressure, numbers contrive to make +an entrance, as water into a vessel, or light through +the closed shutters, and anyhow the air cannot be +put into quarantine; so the pestilence has the better +of it, and at last appears in the alleys, and in the +cellars of Sicca. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XVI" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="178"/><anchor id="Pg178"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XVI. Worse and worse"/> +<head>CHAPTER XVI.</head> + +<head type="sub">WORSE AND WORSE.</head> + +<p> +<q>O wretched minds of men! O blind hearts!</q> +truly cries out a great heathen poet, but on grounds +far other than the true ones. The true ground of +such a lamentation is, that men do not interpret the +signs of the times and of the world as He intends +who has placed these signs in the heavens; that +when Mane, Thecel, Phares, is written upon the +ethereal wall, they have no inward faculty to read +them withal; and that when they go elsewhere for +one learned in tongues, instead of taking Daniel, who +is used to converse with Angels, they rely on Magi or +Chaldeans, who know only the languages of earth. +So it was with the miserable population of Sicca +now; half famished, seized with a pestilence which +was sure to rage before it assuaged, perplexed and +oppressed by the recoil upon them of the population +whom they had from time to time sent out into the +surrounding territory, or from whom they had supplied +their markets, they never fancied that the real +cause of the visitation which we have been describing +was their own iniquity in their Maker’s sight, that +His arm inflicted it, and that its natural and direct +<pb n="179"/><anchor id="Pg179"/>interpretation was, <q>Do penance, and be converted.</q> +On the contrary, they looked only at their +own vain idols, and at the vain rites which these +idols demanded, and they thought there was no surer +escape from their misery than by upholding a lie, +and putting down all who revolted from it; and +thus the visitation which was sent to do them good +turned through their wilful blindness to their greater +condemnation. +</p> + +<p> +The Forum, which at all times was the resort of +idleness and dissipation, now became more and more +the haunt of famine and sickness, of robust frames +without work, of slavish natures virtually and for the +time emancipated and uncontrolled, of youth and +passion houseless and shelterless. In groups and +companies, in and out of the porticoes, on the steps +of the temples, and about the booths and stalls of the +market, a multitude grows day by day, from the town +and from the country, and of all the various races +which town and country contain. The civil magistracy +and the civil force to which the peace of the +city was committed, were not equal to such an emergency +as the present; and the <hi rend="italic">milites stationarii</hi>, a +sort of garrison who represented the Roman power, +though they were ready to act against either magistrates +or mob impartially, had no tenderness for either, +when in collision with each other. Indeed the bonds +of society were broken, and every political element +was at war with every other, in a case of such great +common calamity, when every one was angry with +<pb n="180"/><anchor id="Pg180"/>every one else, for want of some clearly defined object +against which the common anger might be discharged +with unanimity. +</p> + +<p> +They had almost given over sacrificing and consulting +the flame or the entrails; for no reversal or respite +of their sufferings had followed their most assiduous +acts of deprecation. Moreover the omens were generally +considered by the priests to have been unpropitious +or adverse. A sheep had been discovered to +have, instead of a liver, something very like a gizzard; +a sow had chewed and swallowed the flowers with +which it had been embellished for the sacrifice; and +a calf, after receiving the fatal blow, instead of lying +down and dying, dashed into the temple, dripping +blood upon the pavement as it went, and at last fell +and expired just before the sacred <hi rend="italic">adytum</hi>. In despair +the people took to fortune-telling and its attendant +arts. Old crones were found in plenty with their +strange rites, the stranger the more welcome. Trenches +were dug in by-places for sacrifices to the infernal +gods; amulets, rings, counters, tablets, pebbles, nails, +bones, feathers, Ephesian or Egyptian legends, were +in request, and raised the hopes, or beguiled and +occupied the thoughts, of those who else would have +been directly dwelling on their sufferings, present or +in prospect. +</p> + +<p> +Others were occupied, whether they would or no, +with diversions fiercer and more earnest. There were +continual altercations between farmers, small proprietors +of land, government and city +officials,—alterca<pb n="181"/><anchor id="Pg181"/>tions so manifold and violent, that, even were there +no hubbub of voices, and no incoherence of wrath and +fear to complicate them, we should despair of setting +them before the reader. An officer from the camp was +expostulating with one of the municipal authorities +that no corn had been sent thither for the last six or +seven days, and the functionary attacked had thrown +the blame on the farmer, and he in turn had protested +that he could not get cattle to bring the waggons into +Sicca; those which he had set out with had died of +exhaustion on the journey. A clerk, as we now +speak, in the <hi rend="italic">Officium</hi> of the society of publicans or +collectors of <hi rend="italic">annona</hi> was threatening a number of small +tenants with ejection for not sending in their rated +portion of corn for the Roman people:—the <hi rend="italic">Officium</hi> +of the <hi rend="italic">Notarius</hi>, or assistant prefect, had written up to +Sicca from Carthage in violent terms; and come it +must, though the locusts had eaten up every stack +and granary. A number of half-starved peasants had +been summoned for payment of their taxes, <anchor id="corr181"/><corr sic="aud">and</corr> in +spite of their ignorance of Latin, they had been made +to understand that death was the stern penalty of +neglecting to bring the coin. They, on the other hand, +by their fierce doggedness of manner, seemed to +signify by way of answer that death was not a penalty, +unless life was a boon. +</p> + +<p> +The <hi rend="italic">villicus</hi> of one of the decurions, who had an +estate in the neighbourhood, was laying his miseries +before the man of business of his employer. <q>What +are we to do?</q> he said. <q>Half the gang of slaves +<pb n="182"/><anchor id="Pg182"/>is dead, and the other half is so feeble, that I can’t +get through the work of the month. We ought to be +sheep-shearing; you have no chance of wool. We +ought to be swarming the bees, pressing the honey, +boiling and purifying the wax. We ought to be +plucking the white leaves of the camomile, and steeping +the golden flowers in oil. We ought to be +gathering the wild grapes, sifting off the flowers, and +preserving the residue in honey. We ought to be +sowing brassicum, parsley, and coriander against next +spring. We ought to be cheese-making. We ought +to be baking white and red bricks and tiles in the +sun; we have no hands for the purpose. The <hi rend="italic">villicus</hi> +is not to blame, but the anger of the gods.</q> The +country <hi rend="italic">employé</hi> of the procurator of the imperial +<hi rend="italic">Baphia</hi> protests that the insect cannot be found from +which the dye is extracted; and argues that the +locusts must have devoured them, or the plant on +which they feed, or that they have been carried off +by the pestilence. Here is old Corbulus in agonies +for his febrifuge, and a slave of his is in high words +with the market-carrier, who tells him that Mago, +who supplied it, is dead of a worse fever than his +master’s. <q>The rogue,</q> cried the slave, <q>my master +has contracted with him for the year, and has paid +him the money in advance.</q> A jeering and mocking +from the crowd assailed the unfortunate domestic, +who so truly foreboded that his return without the +medicine would be the signal for his summary committal +to the <hi rend="italic">pistrinum</hi>. <q>Let old Corbulus follow +<pb n="183"/><anchor id="Pg183"/>Mago in his passage to perdition,</q> said one of the +rabble; <q>let him take his physic with Pluto, and +leave us the bread and wine on which he’s grown +gouty.</q> <q>Bread, bread!</q> was the response elicited +by this denunciation, and it spread into a circle larger +than that of which the slave and the carrier were +part. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Wine and bread, Ceres and Liber!</q> cried a young +legionary, who, after a night of revelry, was emerging +still half-intoxicated from one of the low wine-shops +in the vaults which formed the basement of the +<hi rend="italic">Thermæ</hi> or hot baths; <q>make way there, you filthy +slime of the earth, you half-kneaded, half-fermented +Africans, who never yet have quite been men, but +have ever smelt strong of the baboon, who are three +quarters <hi rend="italic">must</hi>, and two vinegar, and a fifth water,—as +I was saying, you are like bad liquor, and the +sight of you disagrees with the stomach and affects +the eyes.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The crowd looked sullenly, and without wincing, +at his shield, which was the only portion of his military +accoutrements which he had preserved after his +carouse. The white surface, with a silver boss in the +centre, surrounded by first a white and then a red +circle, and the purple border, showed that he +belonged to the Tertiani or third Italic Legion, +which had been stationed in Africa since the time +of Augustus. <q>Vile double-tongued mongrels,</q> he +continued, <q>what are you fit for but to gather the +fruits of the earth for your owners and lords, +<pb n="184"/><anchor id="Pg184"/><q>Romanos dominos rerum</q>? And if there are now +no fruits to reap, why your service is gone. Go +home and die, and drown yourselves, for what are +you fit for now, except to take your dead corpses away +from the nostrils of a Roman, the cream of humankind? +Ye base-born apes, that’s why you catch the +pestilence, because our blood mantles and foams in +our ruddy veins like new milk in the wine cup, which +is too strong for this clime, and my blood is up, and +I drink a full measure of it to great Rome; for what +does old Horace say, but <q>Nunc est bibendum</q>? and +so get out of my way.</q> +</p> + +<p> +To a good part of the multitude, both peasantry +and town rabble, Latin was unintelligible; but they +all understood vocabulary and syntax and logic, as +soon as he drew his knuckles across one fellow’s +face who refused to move from his path, and as soon +as his insult was returned by the latter with a thrust +of the dagger. A rush was made upon him, on +which he made a face at them, shook his fist, and +leaping on one side, ran with great swiftness to an +open space in advance. From his quarrelsome +humour rather than from fear, he raised a cry of +alarm; on which two or three fellow-soldiers made +their appearance from similar dens of intoxication +and vice, and came up to the rescue. The mob +assailed them with stones, and the cream of human +nature was likely to be roughly churned, when, +seeing matters were becoming serious, they suddenly +took to their heels, and got into the Temple of +<pb n="185"/><anchor id="Pg185"/>Esculapius on one side of the Forum. The mob +followed, the ministers of the sacred place attempted +to shut the gates, a scuffle ensued, and a riot was in +progress. Self-preservation is the first law of man; +trembling for the safety of his noble buildings, and +considering that it was a bread riot, as it really was, +the priest of the god came forward, rebuked the mob +for its impiety, and showed the absurdity of supposing +that there were loaves in his enclosure to satisfy its +wants; but he reminded them that there was a baker’s +shop at the other end of the Forum, which was one of +the most considerable in Sicca. +</p> + +<p> +A slight impulse determines the movements of an +excited multitude. Off they went to the quarter in +question, where certainly there was the very large and +handsome store of a substantial dealer in grain of all +sorts, and in other produce. The shop, however, +seemed on this occasion to be but poorly furnished; +for the baker was a prudent man, and feared a display +of provisions which would be an invitation to a +hungry multitude. The assailants, however, were not +to be baffled; some one cried out that the man had +withdrawn his corn from the market for his own +ends, and that great stores were accumulated within. +They avail themselves of the hint; they pour in +through the open front, the baker escapes as he +may, his mills and ovens are smashed, the house +is ransacked; whatever is found is seized, thrown +about, wasted, eaten, as the case may be; and the +mob gains strength and appetite for fresh exploits. +</p> + +<pb n="186"/><anchor id="Pg186"/> + +<p> +However, the rioters have no definite plan of action +yet. Some of them have penetrated into the stable +behind the house in search of corn. They find the +mill-ass which ground for the baker, and bring it out. +It is a beast of more than ordinary pretensions, such +as you would not often see in a mill, showing both +the wealth of the owner and the flourishing condition +of his trade. The asses of Africa are finer than those +in the north; but this is fine for an African. One +fellow mounts upon it, and sets off with the world +before him, like a knight-errant, seeking an adventure, +the rabble at his tail acting as squire. He begins +the circuit of the Forum, and picks up its riff-raff as +he goes along—here some rascal boys, there some +drunken women, here again a number of half-brutalized +country slaves and peasants. Partly out of +curiosity, partly from idleness, from ill temper, from +hope of spoil, from a vague desire to be doing something +or other, every one who has nothing to lose +by the adventure crowds around and behind him. +And on the contrary, as he advances, and the noise +and commotion increase, every one who has a position +of any sort, the confidential <hi rend="italic">vernæ</hi> of great +families, farmers, shopkeepers, men of business, officials, +vanish from the scene of action without delay. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Africa, Africa!</q> is now the cry; the signal in that +country, as an ancient writer tells us, that the parties +raising it have something new in hand, and have a +mind to do it. +</p> + +<p> +Suddenly, as they march on, a low and awful growl +<pb n="187"/><anchor id="Pg187"/>is heard. It comes from the booth of a servant of +the imperial court. He is employed as a transporter +of wild beasts from the interior to the coast, where +they are shipped for Rome; and he has charge at +present of a noble lion, who is sitting majestically, +looking through the bars of his cage at the rabble, +who now begin to look at him. In demeanour and +in mental endowments he has the advantage of them. +It was at this moment, while they were closing, +hustling each other, staring at the beast, and hoping +to provoke him, that a shrill voice cried out, <q>Christianos +ad leones, Christianos ad leones!</q> the Christians +to the lions! A sudden and dead silence ensued, +as if the words had struck the breath out of the +promiscuous throng. An interval passed; and then +the same voice was heard again, <q>Christianos ad +leones!</q> This time the whole Forum took it up from +one end to the other. The fate of the day, the +direction of the movement, was decided; a distinct +object was obtained, and the only wonder was that +the multitude had been so long to seek and so slow to +find so obvious a cause of their misfortunes, so adequate +a subject of their vengeance. <q>Christianos ad +leones!</q> was shouted out by town and country, +priests and people. <q>Long live the emperor! long +live Decius! he told us this long ago. There’s the +edict; it never has been obeyed. Death to the +magistrates! To the Christians! to the Christians! +Up with great Jove, down with the atheists!</q> +</p> + +<p> +They were commencing their march when the ass +<pb n="188"/><anchor id="Pg188"/>caught their eye. <q>The Christians’ god!</q> they +shouted out; <q>the god of the Christians!</q> Their +first impulse was to give the poor beast to the lion, +their next to sacrifice it, but they did not know to +whom. Then they said they would make the Christians +worship it; and dressing it up in tawdry finery, +they retained it at the head of their procession. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XVII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="189"/><anchor id="Pg189"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XVII. Christianos ad leones"/> +<head>CHAPTER XVII.</head> + +<head type="sub">CHRISTIANOS AD LEONES.</head> + +<p> +By the time that they had got round again to the +unlucky baker’s, the mob had been swollen to a size +which even the area of the Forum would not contain, +and it filled the adjacent streets. And by the same +time it had come home to its leaders, and, indeed, to +every one who used his reason at all, that it was very +far from certain that there were any Christians in +Sicca, and if so, still very far from easy to say where +they were. And the difficulty was of so practical a +character as to keep them inactive for the space of +several hours. Meanwhile their passions were excited +to the boiling point by the very presence of the difficulty, +as men go mad of thirst when water is denied +them. At length, after a long season of such violent +commotion, such restless pain, such curses, shrieks, +and blasphemies, such bootless gesticulations, such +aimless contests with each other, that they seemed to +be already inmates of the prison beneath, they set off +in a blind way to make the circuit of the city as before +they had paraded round the Forum, still in the knight-errant +line, looking out for what might turn up where +they were sure of nothing, and relieving the intense +<pb n="190"/><anchor id="Pg190"/>irritation of their passions by locomotion, if nothing +more substantial was offered to them. +</p> + +<p> +It was an awful day for the respectable inhabitants +of the place; worse than anything that even the most +timid of them had anticipated, when they had showed +their jealousy of a popular movement against the +proscribed religion; for the stimulus of famine and +pestilence was added to hatred of Christianity, in that +unreasoning multitude. The magistrates shut themselves +up in dismay; the small body of Roman soldiery +reserved their strength for the defence of themselves; +and the poor wretches, not a few, who had fallen from +the faith, and offered sacrifice, hung out from their +doors sinful heathen symbols, to avert a storm against +which apostasy was no sufficient safeguard. In this +conduct the Gnostics and other sectaries imitated them, +while the Tertullianists took a more manly part, from +principle or pride. +</p> + +<p> +It would require the brazen voice which Homer +speaks of, or the magic pen of Sir Walter, to catalogue +and to picture, as far as it is lawful to do either, the +figures and groups of that most miserable procession. +As it went forward it gained a variety and strength, +which the circuit of the Forum could not furnish. +The more respectable religious establishments shut +their gates, and would have nothing to do with it. +The priests of Jupiter, the educational establishments +of the Temple of Mercury, the Temple of the Genius +of Rome near the Capitol, the hierophants of Isis, the +Minerva, the Juno, the Esculapius, viewed the popular +<pb n="191"/><anchor id="Pg191"/>rising with terror and disgust; but these were not the +popular worships. The vast homestead of Astarte, +which in the number and vowed profligacy of its +inhabitants rivalled the vaults upon the Forum; the +old rites, many and diversified, if separately obscure, +which came from Punic times; the new importations +from Syria and Phrygia, and a number of other haunts +and schools of depravity and crime, did their part in +swelling or giving character to the concourse. The +hungry and idle rabble, the filthy beggars who fed on +the offal of the sacrifices, the drivers and slaughterers +of the beasts sacrificed; the tumblers and mountebanks +who amused the gaping market-people; dancers, +singers, pipers from low taverns and drinking-houses; +infamous creatures, young and old, men and boys, +half naked and not half sober; brutal blacks, the +aboriginal race of the Atlas, with their appetites +written on their skulls and features; Canaanites, as +they called themselves, from the coast; the wild beast-keepers +from the amphitheatre; troops of labourers +from the fields, to whom the epidemic was a time of +Saturnalia; and the degraded company, alas! how +numerous and how pitiable, who took their nightly +stand in long succession at the doors of their several +cells in the deep galleries under the Thermæ; all +these, and many others, had their part and place in the +procession. There you might see the devilish emblems +of idolatry borne aloft by wretches from the great +Punic Temple, while frantic forms, ragged and famished, +wasted and shameless, leapt and pranced around +<pb n="192"/><anchor id="Pg192"/>them. There too was a choir of Bacchanals, ready +at a moment with songs as noisy as they were +unutterable. And there was the priest of the Punic +Saturn, the child-devourer, a sort of Moloch, to whom +the martyrdom of Christians was a sacred rite; he +and all his attendants in fiery-coloured garments, as +became a sanguinary religion. And there, moreover, +was a band of fanatics, devotees of Cybele or of the +Syrian goddess, if indeed the two rites were distinct. +They were bedizened with ribbons and rags of various +colours, and smeared over with paint. They had +long hair like women, and turbans on their heads. +They pushed their way to the head of the procession, +being quite worthy of the post of honour, and, seizing +the baker’s ass, put their goddess on the back of it. +Some of them were playing the fife, others clashing +cymbals, others danced, others yelled, others rolled +their heads, and others flogged themselves. Such +was the character of the frenzied host, which progressed +slowly through the streets, while every now +and then, when there was an interval in the hubbub, +the words <q>Christianos ad leones</q> were thundered +out by some ruffian voice, and a thousand others +fiercely responded. +</p> + +<p> +Still no Christian was forthcoming; and it was +plain that the rage of the multitude must be discharged +in other quarters, if the difficulty continued +in satisfying it. At length some one recollected the +site of the Christian chapel, when it existed; thither +went the multitude, and effected an entrance without +<pb n="193"/><anchor id="Pg193"/>delay. It had long been turned to other purposes, +and was now a store of casks and leather bottles. +The miserable sacristan had long given up any +practical observance of his faith, and remained on +the spot a keeper of the premises for the trader who +owned them. They found him, and dragged him +into the street, and brought him forward to the ass, +and to the idol on its back, and bade him worship the +one and the other. The poor wretch obeyed; he +worshipped the ass, he worshipped the idol, and he +worshipped the genius of the emperor; but his persecutors +wanted blood; they would not submit to be +cheated of their draught; so when they had made him +do whatever they exacted, they flung him under the +feet of the multitude, who, as they passed on, soon +trod all life and breath out of him, and sent him to +the powers below, to whom he had just before been +making his profession. +</p> + +<p> +Their next adventure was with a Tertullianist, +who stationed himself at his shop-door, displayed +the sign of the cross, and walking leisurely forward, +seized the idol on the ass’s back, broke it over his +knee, and flung the portions into the crowd. For +a few minutes they stared on him with astonishment, +then some women fell upon him with their nails and +teeth, and tore the poor fanatic till he fell bleeding +and lifeless upon the ground. +</p> + +<p> +In the higher and better part of the city, which +they now approached, lived the widow of a Duumvir, +who in his day had made a bold profession of +Chris<pb n="194"/><anchor id="Pg194"/>tianity. The well connected lady was a Christian +also, and was sheltered by her great friends from the +persecution. She was bringing up a family in great +privacy, and with straitened means, and with as much +religious strictness as was possible under the circumstances +of the place. She kept them from all bad +sights and bad company, was careful as to the character +of the slaves she placed about them, and taught +them all she knew of her religion, which was quite +sufficient for their salvation. They had all been +baptized, some by herself in default of the proper +minister, and, as far as they could show at their +tender ages, which lay between thirteen and seven, +the three girls and the two boys were advancing in +the love of truth and sanctity. Her husband, some +years back, when presiding in the Forum, had +punished with just severity an act of ungrateful +fraud; and the perpetrator had always cherished a +malignant hatred of him and his. The moment of +gratifying it had now arrived, and he pointed out to +the infuriated rabble the secluded mansion where +the Christian household dwelt. He could not offer +to them a more acceptable service, and the lady’s +modest apartment was soon swarming with enemies +of her God and His followers. In spite of her heartrending +cries and supplications, her children were +seized, and when the youngest boy clung to her, the +mother was thrown senseless upon the pavement. +The whole five were carried off in triumph; it was +the greatest success of the day. There was some +<pb n="195"/><anchor id="Pg195"/>hesitation how to dispose of them; at last the girls +were handed over to the priestesses of Astarte, and +the boys to the loathsome votaries of Cybele. +</p> + +<p> +Revenge upon Christians was the motive principle +of the riot; but the prospect of plunder stimulated +numbers, and here Christians could not minister +to their desires. They began the day by the attack +upon the provision-shop, and now they had reached +the aristocratic quarter of the city, and they gazed +with envy and cupidity at the noble mansions +which occupied it. They began to shout out, +<q>Bread, bread!</q> while they uttered threats against +the Christians; they violently beat at the closed +gates, and looked about for means of scaling the +high walls which defended them in front. The +cravings of famished men soon take form and +organization; they began to ask relief from house +to house. Nothing came amiss; and loaves, figs, +grapes, wine, found their way into the hands and +mouths of those who were the least exhausted and +the least enfeebled. A second line of fierce supplicants +succeeded to the first; and it was plain that, +unless some diversion were effected, the respectable +quarter of Sicca had found a worse enemy than the +locust. +</p> + +<p> +The houses of the government <hi rend="italic">susceptor</hi>, or tax collector, +of the <hi rend="italic">tabularius</hi> or registrar, of the <hi rend="italic">defensor</hi> or +city counsel, and one or two others, had already been +the scene of collisions between the domestic slaves +and the multitude, when a demand was made upon +<pb n="196"/><anchor id="Pg196"/>the household of another of the Curia, who held the +office of Flamen Dialis. He was a wealthy, easy-going +man, generally popular, with no appetite for +persecution at all, but still no desire to be persecuted. +He had more than tolerated the Christians, and had +at this time a Christian among his slaves. This was +a Greek, a splendid cook and perfumer, and he would +not have lost him for a large sum of money. However, +life and limb were nearer to him even than his +dinner, and a Jonah must be cast overboard to save +the ship. In trepidation, yet with greater satisfaction, +his fellow-domestics thrust the poor helpless +man out of the house, and secured the door behind +him. He was a man of middle age, of a grave aspect, +and he looked silently and calmly upon the infuriated +and yelling multitude, who were swarming up the +hill about him, and swelling the number of his persecutors. +What had been his prospects, had he +remained in his earthly master’s service? his fill of +meat and drink while he was strong and skilful, the +stocks or scourge if he ever failed to please him, and +the old age and death of the worn-out hack who once +has caracoled in the procession, or snorted at the coming +fight. What are his prospects now? a moment’s +agony, a martyr’s death, and the everlasting beatific +vision of Him for whom he died. The multitude cry +out, <q>To the ass or to the lion!</q> worship the ass, +or fight the lion. He was dragged to the ass’s head +and commanded to kneel down before the irrational +beast. In the course of a minute he had lifted up +<pb n="197"/><anchor id="Pg197"/>his eyes to heaven, had signed himself with the cross, +had confessed his Saviour, and had been torn to +pieces by the multitude. They anticipated the lion of +the amphitheatre. +</p> + +<p> +A lull followed, sure to be succeeded by a fresh +storm. Not every household had a Christian cook +to make a victim of. Plunder, riot, and outrage +were becoming the order of the day; successive messengers +were sent up in breathless haste to the capitol +and the camp for aid, but the Romans returned for +answer that they had enough to do in defending the +government buildings and offices. They suggested +measures, however, for putting the mob on a false +scent, or involving them in some difficult or tedious +enterprise, which would give the authorities time for +deliberation, and for taking the rioters at disadvantage. +If the magistrates could get them out of the +city, it would be a great point; they could then shut +the gates upon them, and deal with them as they +would. In that case, too, the insurgents would +straggle, and divide, and then they might be disposed +of in detail. They were showing symptoms of +returning fury, when a voice suddenly cried out, +<q>Agellius the Christian! Agellius the sorcerer! Agellius +to the lions! To the farm of Varius—to the +cottage of Agellius—to the south-west gate!</q> A +sudden yell burst forth from the vast multitude when +the voice ceased. The impulse had been given as +at the first; the tide of human beings ebbed and +retreated, and, licking the base of the hill, rushed +<pb n="198"/><anchor id="Pg198"/>vehemently on one side, and roared like a torrent +towards the south-west. Juba, thy prophecy is soon +to be fulfilled! The locusts will bring more harm +on thy brother’s home than imperial edict or local +magistrate. The decline of day will hardly prevent +the visitation. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XVIII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="199"/><anchor id="Pg199"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XVIII. Agellius flits"/> +<head>CHAPTER XVIII.</head> + +<head type="sub">AGELLIUS FLITS.</head> + +<p> +A change had passed over the fair face of Nature, +as seen from the cottage of Agellius, since that evening +on which our story opened; and it is so painful to +contemplate waste, decay, and disappointment, that +we mean to say little about it. There was the same +cloudless sky as then; and the sun travelled in its +silent and certain course, with even a more intense +desire than then to ripen grain and fruit for the use +of man; but its occupation was gone, for fruit and +grain were not, nor man to collect and to enjoy them. +A dark broad shadow passed across the beautiful +prospect and disfigured it. When you looked more +closely, it was as if a fire had burned up the whole +surface included under that shadow, and had stripped +the earth of its clothing. Nothing had escaped; not +a head of khennah, not a rose or carnation, not an +orange or an orange blossom, not a <hi rend="italic">boccone</hi>, not a +cluster of unripe grapes, not a berry of the olive, not +a blade of grass. Gardens, meadows, vineyards, +orchards, copses, instead of rejoicing in the rich +variety of hue which lately was their characteristic, +<pb n="200"/><anchor id="Pg200"/>were now reduced to one dreary cinder-colour. The +smoke of fires was actually rising from many points, +where the spoilt and poisonous vegetation was burning +in heaps, or the countless corpses of the invading +foe, or of the cattle, or of the human beings whom the +pestilence had carried off. The most furious inroad of +savage hordes, of Vandals, or of Saracens, who were +destined at successive eras to come and waste that +country, could not have spread such thorough desolation. +The slaves of the farm of Varius were sorrowfully +turning to a new employment, that of clearing +away the wreck and disappointment of the bright +spring from flower-bed, vineyard, and field. +</p> + +<p> +It was on the forenoon of the eventful day whose +course we have been tracing in the preceding Chapters, +that a sharp-looking boy presented himself to Agellius, +who was directing his labourers in their work. <q>I am +come from Jucundus,</q> he said; <q>he has instant need +of you. You are to go with me, and by my way; and +this is the proof I tell you truth. He sends you this +note, and wishes you in a bad time the best gifts of +Bacchus and Ceres.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius took the tablets, and went with them across +the road to the place where Cæcilius was at work, in +appearance a slave. The letter ran thus:—<q>Jucundus +to Agellius. I trust you are well enough to move; +you are not safe for many days in your cottage; +there is a rising this morning against the Christians, +and you may be visited. Unless you are ambitious +of Styx and Tartarus, follow the boy without +<pb n="201"/><anchor id="Pg201"/>questioning.</q> Agellius showed the letter to the +priest. +</p> + +<p> +<q>We are no longer safe here, my father,</q> he said; +<q>whither shall we go? Let us go together. Can you +take me to <anchor id="corr201"/><corr sic="Carthage.">Carthage?</corr></q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Carthage is quite as dangerous,</q> answered Cæcilius, +<q>and Sicca is more central. We can but leap +into the sea at Carthage; here there are many lines +to retreat upon. I am known there, I am not known +here. Here, too, I hear all that goes on through the +proconsulate and Numidia.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>But what can we do?</q> asked Agellius; <q>here +we cannot remain, and you at least cannot venture +into the city. Somewhither we must go, and where +is that?</q> +</p> + +<p> +The priest thought. <q>We must separate,</q> he said. +The tears came into Agellius’s eyes. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Though I am a stranger,</q> continued Cæcilius, <q>I +know more of the neighbourhood of Sicca than you +who are a native. There is a famous Christian +retreat on the north of the city, and by this time, I +doubt not, or rather I know, it is full of refugees. +The fury of the enemy is extending on all hands, +and our brethren, from as far as Cirtha round to +Curubis, are falling back upon it. The only difficulty +is how to get round to it without going through Sicca.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Let us go together,</q> said Agellius. +</p> + +<p> +Cæcilius showed signs of perplexity, and his mind +retired into itself. He seemed for the moment to be +simply absent from the scene about him, but soon +<pb n="202"/><anchor id="Pg202"/>his intelligence returned. <q>No,</q> he said, <q>we must +separate,—for the time; it will not be for long. +That is, I suppose, your uncle will take good care of +you, and he has influence. We are safest just now +when most independent of each other. It is only for +a while. We shall meet again soon; I tell you so. +Did we keep together just now, it would be the +worse for each of us. You go with the boy; I will go +off to the place I mentioned.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>O my father,</q> said the youth, <q>how will you get +there? What shall I suffer from my fears about +you?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Fear not,</q> answered Cæcilius, <q>mind, I tell you +so. It will be a trying time, but my hour is not yet +come. I am good for years yet; so are you, for +many more than mine. He will protect and rescue +me, though I know not how. Go, leave me to myself, +Agellius!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>O my father, my only stay upon earth, whom God +sent me in my extreme need, to whom I owe myself, +must I then quit you; must a layman desert a +priest; the young the old?... Ah! it is I really, not +you, who am without protection. Angels surround +you, father; but I am a poor wanderer. Give me +your blessing that evil may not touch me. I go.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Do not kneel,</q> said the priest; <q>they will see +you. Stop, I have got to tell you how and where to +find me.</q> He then proceeded to give him the +necessary instructions. <q>Walk out,</q> he said, <q>along +the road to Thibursicumbur to the third milestone, +<pb n="203"/><anchor id="Pg203"/>you will come to a country road; pursue it; walk +a thousand steps; then again for the space of seven +<hi rend="italic">paternosters</hi>; and then speak to the man upon your +right hand. And now away with you, God speed +you, we shall not long be parted,</q> and he made the +sign of the cross over him. +</p> + +<p> +<q>That old chap gives himself airs,</q> said the boy, +when Agellius joined him; <q>what may he be? one +of your slaves, Agellius?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You’re a pert boy,</q> answered he, <q>for asking me +the question.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>They say the Christians brought the locusts,</q> said +Firmian, <q>by their enchantments; and there’s a jolly +row beginning in the Forum just now. The report +goes that you are a Christian.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>That’s because your people have nothing better to +do than talk against their neighbours.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Because you are so soft, rather,</q> said the boy. +<q>Another man would have knocked me down for +saying it; but you are lackadaisical folk, who bear +insults tamely. Arnobius says your father was a +Christian.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Father and son are not always the same religion +now-a-days,</q> said Agellius. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ay, ay,</q> answered Firmian, <q>but the Christians +came from Egypt: and as cook there is the son of +cook, and soldier is son of soldier, so Christian, take +my word for it, is the son of a Christian.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Christians boast, I believe,</q> answered Agellius, +<q>that they are of no one race or country, but are +<pb n="204"/><anchor id="Pg204"/>members of a large unpatriotic family, whose home is +in the sky.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Christians,</q> answered the boy, <q>would never have +framed the great Roman empire; that was the work +of heroes. Great Cæsar, Marius, Marcus Brutus, +Camillus, Cicero, Sylla, Lucullus, Scipio, could never +have been Christians. Arnobius says they are a +skulking set of fellows.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I suppose you wish to be a hero,</q> said Agellius. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I am to be a pleader,</q> answered Firmian; <q>I +should like to be a great orator like Cicero, and +every one listening to me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +They were walking along the top of a mud wall, +which separated Varius’s farm from his neighbour’s, +when suddenly Firmian, who led the way, leapt +down into a copse, which reached as far as the +ravine in which the knoll terminated towards Sicca. +The boy still went forward by devious paths, till +they had mounted as high as the city wall. +</p> + +<p> +<q>You are bringing me where there is no entrance,</q> +said Agellius. +</p> + +<p> +The boy laughed. <q>Jucundus told me to bring you +by a blind way,</q> he said. <q>You know best why. +This is one of our ways in and out.</q> +</p> + +<p> +There was an aperture in the wall, and the bricks +and stones about it were loose, and admitted of removal. +It was such a private way of passage as +schoolboys know of. On getting through, Agellius +found himself in a neglected garden or small close. +Everything was silent about them, as if the +inhabi<pb n="205"/><anchor id="Pg205"/>tants were away; there was a great noise in the +distance, as if something unusual were going on in +the heart of the town. The boy told him to follow +him as fast as he could without exciting remark; +and, leading him by lanes and alleys unknown to +Agellius, at last brought him close upon the scene +of riot. At this time the expedition in search of +Christians had just commenced; to cross the Forum +was to shorten his journey, and perhaps was safer +than to risk meeting the mob in the streets. Firmian +took the step; and while their attention was directed +elsewhere, brought Agellius safely through it. They +then proceeded cautiously as before, till they stood +before the back door of the house of Jucundus. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Say a good word for me to your uncle,</q> said the +boy, <q>I have done my job. He must remember me +handsomely at the Augustalia,</q> and he ran away. +</p> + +<milestone unit="tb"/> +<p> +Meanwhile Cæcilius had been anxiously considering +the course which it was safest for him to pursue. +He must move, but he must wait till dusk, when the +ways were clear, and the light uncertain. Till then +he must keep close in-doors. There was a remarkable +cavern in the mountains above Sicca, which +had been used as a place of refuge for Christians +from the very time they had first suffered persecution +in Roman Africa. No spot in its whole territory +seemed more fit for what is called a base of operations, +from which the soldiers of the Cross might +advance, or to which they might retire, according as +<pb n="206"/><anchor id="Pg206"/>the fury of their enemy grew or diminished. While +it was in the midst of a wilderness difficult of access, +and feared as the resort of ghosts and evil influences, +it was not far from a city near to which the high +roads met from Hippo and from Carthage. A +branch of the Bagradas, navigable for boats, opened +a way from it through the woods, where flight and +concealment were easy on a surprise, as far as +Madaura, Vacca, and other places; at the same time +it commanded the vast plain on the south which +extended to the roots of the Atlas. Just now, the +persecution growing, many deacons, other ecclesiastics, +and prominent laymen from all parts of the +country had fallen back upon this cavern or grotto; +and in no place could Cæcilius have better means +than here of learning the general state of affairs, and +of communicating with countries beyond the seas. +He was indeed on his way thither, when the illness +of Agellius made it a duty for him to stop and restore +him, and attend to his spiritual needs; and he had +received an inward intimation, on which he implicitly +relied, to do so. +</p> + +<p> +The problem at this moment was how to reach the +refuge in question. His direct road lay through +Sicca; this being impracticable at present, he had to +descend into the ravine which lay between him and +the city, and, turning to the left, to traverse the broad +plain, the Campus Martius of Sicca, into which it +opened. Here the mountain would rise abruptly on +his right with those steep cliffs which we have already +<pb n="207"/><anchor id="Pg207"/>described as rounding the north side of Sicca. He +must traverse many miles before he could reach the +point at which the rock lost its precipitous character, +and changed into a declivity allowing the traveller to +ascend. It was a bold undertaking; for all this he +had to accomplish in the dark before the morning +broke, a stranger too to the locality, and directing +his movements only by the information of others, +which, however accurate and distinct, could scarcely +be followed, even if without risk of error, at least +without misgiving. However, could he master this +point before the morning he was comparatively safe; +he then had to strike into the solitary mountains, +and to retrace his steps for a while towards Sicca +along the road, till he came to a place where he +knew that Christian scouts or <hi rend="italic">videttes</hi> (as they may be +called) were always stationed. +</p> + +<p> +This being his plan, and there being no way of +mending it, our confessor retired into the cottage, +and devoted the intervening hours to intercourse with +that world from which his succour must come. He +set himself to intercede for the Holy Catholic Church +throughout the world, now for the most part under +persecution, and for the Roman Empire, not yet holy, +which was the instrument of the evil powers against +her. He had to pray for the proconsulate, for Numidia, +Mauretania, and the whole of Africa; for the +Christian communities <anchor id="corr207"/><corr sic="throughont">throughout</corr> it, for the cessation +of the trial then present, and for the fortitude and +perseverance of all who were tried. He had to pray +<pb n="208"/><anchor id="Pg208"/>for his own personal friends, his penitents, converts, +enemies; for children, catechumens, neophytes; for +those who were approaching the Church, for those who +had fallen away, or were falling away from her; for all +heretics, for all troublers of unity, that they might be +reclaimed. He had to confess, bewail and deprecate +the many sins and offences which he knew of, foreboded, +or saw in prospect as to come. Scarcely had +he entered on his charge at Carthage four years before, +when he had had to denounce one portentous scandal +in which a sacred order of the ministry was implicated. +What internal laxity did not that scandal imply! +And then again what a low standard of religion, what +niggardly faith, and what worn-out, used-up sanctity +in the community at large, was revealed in the fact of +those frequent apostasies of individuals which then +were occurring! He prayed fervently that both from +the bright pattern of martyrs, and from the warning +afforded by the lapsed, the Christian body might be +edified and invigorated. He saw with great anxiety +two schisms in prospect, when the persecution should +come to an end, one from the perverseness of those +who were too rigid, the other from those who were +too indulgent towards the fallen; and in proportion +to his gift of prescience was the earnestness of his +intercession that the wounds of the Church might be +healed with the least possible delay. He then turned +to the thought of his own correspondence then in progress +with the Holy Roman Church, which had lately lost +its bishop by martyrdom. This indeed was no unusual +<pb n="209"/><anchor id="Pg209"/>event with the see of Peter, in which the successors +of Peter followed Peter’s steps, as Peter had been +bidden to follow the King and Exemplar of Martyrs. +But the special trouble was, that months had +passed, full five, since the vacancy occurred, and it +had not yet been supplied. Then he thought of +Fabian, who made the vacancy, and who had already +passed through that trial which was to bring to so +many Christians life or condemnation, and he commended +himself to his prayers against the hour of his +own combat. He thought of Fabian’s work, and went +on to intercede for the remnant of the seven apostles +whom that Pope had sent into Gaul, and some of whom +had already obtained the martyr’s crown. He prayed +that the day might come, when not the cities only of +that fair country, but its rich champaigns and sunny +slopes should hear the voice of the missionary. He +prayed in like manner for Britain, that the successful +work of another Pope, St. Eleutherius, might be +extended even to its four seas. And then he prayed +for the neighbouring island on the west, still in heathen +darkness, and for the endless expanse of Germany on +the east, that there too the one saving name and +glorious Faith might be known and accepted. +</p> + +<p> +His thoughts then travelled back to Rome and Italy, +and to the martyrdoms which had followed that of +St. Fabian. Two Persians had already suffered in the +imperial city; Maximus had lost his life, and Felix +had been imprisoned, at Nola. Asia Minor, Syria, +and Egypt had already afforded victims to the +perse<pb n="210"/><anchor id="Pg210"/>cution, and cried aloud to all Christians for their most +earnest prayers and for repeated Masses in behalf of +those who remained under the trial. Babylas, Bishop +of Antioch, the third see in Christendom, was already +martyred in that city. Here again Cæcilius had a +strong call on him for intercession, for a subtle form of +freethinking was there manifesting itself, the issue of +which was as uncertain as it might be frightful. The +Bishop of Alexandria, that second of the large divisions +or patriarchates of the Church, the great Dionysius, +the pupil of Origen, was an exile from his see, +like himself. The messenger who brought this news +to Carthage had heard at Alexandria a report from +Neocæsarea, that Gregory, another pupil of Origen’s, +the Apostle of Pontus, had also been obliged to conceal +himself from the persecution. As for Origen himself, +the aged, laborious, gifted, zealous teacher of his +time, he was just then engaged in answering the works +of an Epicurean called Celsus, and on him too the persecution +was likely to fall; and Cæcilius prayed earnestly +that so great a soul might be kept from such +high untrue speculations as were threatening evil at +Antioch, and from every deceit and snare which might +endanger his inheriting that bright crown which ought +to be his portion in heaven. Another remarkable +report had come, viz., that some young men of Egypt +had retired to the deserts up the country under the +stress of the persecution,—Paul was the name of one +of them,—and that they were there living in the practice +of mortification and prayer so singular, and had +<pb n="211"/><anchor id="Pg211"/>combats with the powers of darkness and visitations +from above so special, as to open quite a new era in +the spiritual history of the Church. +</p> + +<p> +And then his thoughts came back to his poor Agellius, +and all those hundred private matters of anxiety +which the foes of the Church, occupied only with her +external aspect, little suspected. For Agellius, he +prayed, and for his; for the strange wayward Juba, +for Jucundus, for Callista; ah! that Callista might +be brought on to that glorious consummation, for +which she seemed marked out! But the ways of the +Most High are not as our ways, and those who to us +seem nearest are often furthest from Him; and so +our holy priest left the whole matter in the hands of +Him to whom he prayed, satisfied that he had done +his part in praying. +</p> + +<p> +This was the course of thought which occupied +him for many hours, after (as we have said) he had +closed the door upon him, and knelt down before the +cross. Not merely before the symbol of redemption +did he kneel; for he opened his tunic at the neck, +and drew thence a small golden pyx which was there +suspended. In that carefully fastened case he possessed +the Holiest, his Lord and his God. That +Everlasting Presence was his stay and guide amid his +weary wanderings, his joy and consolation amid his +overpowering anxieties. Behold the secret of his sweet +serenity, and his clear unclouded determination. He +had placed it upon the small table at which he knelt, +and was soon absorbed in meditation and intercession. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XIX" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="212"/><anchor id="Pg212"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XIX. A passage of arms"/> +<head>CHAPTER XIX.</head> + +<head type="sub">A PASSAGE OF ARMS.</head> + +<p> +How many hours passed while Cæcilius was thus +employed, he did not know. The sun was declining +when he was roused by a noise at the door. He +hastily restored the sacred treasure to its hiding-place +in his breast, and rose up from his knees. The door +was thrown back, and a female form presented itself +at the opening. She looked in at the priest, and said, +<q>Then Agellius is not here?</q> +</p> + +<p> +The woman was young, tall, and graceful in person. +She was clad in a yellow cotton tunic, reaching to +her feet, on which were shoes. The clasps at her +shoulders, partly visible under the short cloak or +shawl which was thrown over them, and which might, +if necessary, be drawn over her head, seemed to serve +the purpose, not only of fastening her dress, but of +providing her with sharp prongs or minute stilettos for +her defence, in case she fell in with ruffians by the +way; and though the expression of her face was most +feminine, there was that about it which implied she +could use them for that purpose on an emergency. +<pb n="213"/><anchor id="Pg213"/>That face was clear in complexion, regular in outline, +and at the present time pale, whatever might be its +ordinary tint. Its charm was a noble and majestic +calm. There is the calm of divine peace and joy; +there is the calm of heartlessness; there is the calm +of reckless desperation; there is the calm of death. +None of these was the calm which breathed from the +features of the stranger who intruded upon the solitude +of Cæcilius. It was the calm of Greek sculpture; +it imaged a soul nourished upon the visions of +genius, and subdued and attuned by the power of a +strong will. There was no appearance of timidity in +her manner; very little of modesty. The evening sun +gleamed across her amber robe, and lit it up till it +glowed like fire, as if she were invested in the marriage +<hi rend="italic">flammeum</hi>, and was to be claimed that evening +as the bride of her own bright god of day. +</p> + +<p> +She looked at Cæcilius, first with surprise, then +with anxiety; and her words were, <q>You, I fear, are +of his people. If so, make the most of these hours. +The foe may be on you to-morrow morning. Fly while +you can.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>If I am a Christian,</q> answered Cæcilius, <q>what +are you who are so careful of us? Have you come all +the way from Sicca to give the alarm to mere atheists +and magic-mongers?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Stranger,</q> she said, <q>if you had seen what I have +seen, what I have heard of to-day, you would not +wonder at my wish to save from a like fate the vilest +being on earth. A hideous mob is rioting in the city, +<pb n="214"/><anchor id="Pg214"/>thirsting for the blood of Christians; an accident may +turn it in the direction of Agellius. He is gone; +where is he? Murderous outrages have already been +perpetrated; you remain.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>She who is so tender of Christians,</q> answered the +priest, <q>must herself have some sparks of the Christian +flame in her own breast.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista sat down half unconsciously upon the +bench or stool near the door; but she at once suddenly +started up again, and said, <q>Away, fly! perhaps +they are coming; where is he?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Fear not,</q> said Cæcilius; <q>Agellius has been +conveyed away to a safe hiding-place; for me, I shall +be taken care of; there is no need for hurry; sit down +again. But you,</q> he continued, <q>you must not be +found here.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>They know <hi rend="italic">me</hi>,</q> she said; <q>I am well known +here. I work for the temples. I have nothing to fear. +I am no Christian;</q> and, as if from an inexplicable +overruling influence, she sat down again. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Not a Christian yet, you mean,</q> answered Cæcilius. +</p> + +<p> +<q>A person must be born a Christian, sir,</q> she +replied, <q>in order to take up the religion. It is a +very beautiful idea, as far as I have heard anything +about it; but one must suck it in with one’s mother’s +milk.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>If so, it never could have come into the world,</q> +said the priest. +</p> + +<p> +She paused for a while. <q>It is true,</q> she answered +<pb n="215"/><anchor id="Pg215"/>at length; <q>but a new religion begins by appealing +to what is peculiar in the minds of a few. The doctrine, +floating on the winds, finds its own; it takes +possession of their minds; they answer its call; they +are brought together by that common influence; they +are strong in each other’s sympathy; they create and +throw around them an external form, and thus they +found a religion. The sons are brought up in their +fathers’ faith; and what was the idea of a few +becomes at length the profession of a race. Such is +Judaism; such the religion of Zoroaster, or of the +Egyptians.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You will find,</q> said the priest, <q>that the greater +number of African Christians at this moment, for of +them I speak confidently, are converts in manhood, +not the sons of Christians. On the other hand, if +there be those who have left the faith, and gone up +to the capitol to sacrifice, these were Christians by +hereditary profession. Such is my experience, and I +think the case is the same elsewhere.</q> +</p> + +<p> +She seemed to be speaking more for the sake of +getting answers than of objecting arguments. She +paused again, and thought; then she said, <q>Mankind +is made up of classes of very various mental complexion, +as distinct from each other as the colours +which meet the eye. Red and blue are incommensurable; +and in like manner, a Magian never can +become a Greek, nor a Greek a Cœlicolist. They +do but make themselves fools when they attempt +it.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="216"/><anchor id="Pg216"/> + +<p> +<q>Perhaps the most deeply convinced, the most +tranquil-minded in the Christian body,</q> answered +Cæcilius, <q>will tell you, on the contrary, that there +was a time when they hated Christianity, and despised +and ill-treated its professors.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q><hi rend="italic">I</hi> never did any such thing,</q> cried Callista, <q>since +the day I first heard of it. I am not its enemy, but +I cannot believe in it. I am sure I never could; I +never, never should be able.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>What is it you cannot believe?</q> asked the +priest. +</p> + +<p> +<q>It seems too beautiful,</q> she said, <q>to be anything +else than a dream. It is a thing to talk about, but +when you come near its professors you see it is impossible. +A most beautiful imagination, <hi rend="italic">that</hi> is what +it is. Most beautiful its precepts, as far as I have +heard of them; so beautiful, that in idea there is no +difficulty. The mind runs along with them, as if it +could accomplish them without an effort. Well, its +maxims are too beautiful to be realized; and then +on the other hand, its dogmas are too dismal, too +shocking, too odious to be believed. They revolt +me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Such as what?</q> asked Cæcilius. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Such as this,</q> answered Callista. <q>Nothing will +ever make me believe that all my people have gone +and will go to an eternal Tartarus.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Had we not better confine ourselves to something +more specific, more tangible?</q> asked Cæcilius, gravely. +<q>I suppose if one individual may have that terrible +<pb n="217"/><anchor id="Pg217"/> +lot, another may—both may, many may. Suppose I +understand you to say that you never will believe +that <hi rend="italic">you</hi> will go to an eternal Tartarus.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista gave a slight start, and showed some uneasiness +or displeasure. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Is it not likely,</q> continued he, <q>that you are +better able to speak of yourself, and to form a judgment +about yourself, than about others? Perhaps if +you could first speak confidently about yourself, you +would be in a better position to speak about others +also.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Do you mean,</q> she said, in a calm tone, <q>that my +place, after this life, is an everlasting Tartarus?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Are you happy?</q> he asked in turn. +</p> + +<p> +She paused, looked down, and in a deep clear voice +said, <q>No.</q> There was a silence. +</p> + +<p> +The priest began again: <q>Perhaps you have been +growing in unhappiness for years; is it so? you +assent. You have a heavy burden at your heart, you +don’t well know what. And the chance is, that you +<hi rend="italic">will</hi> grow in unhappiness for the next ten years to +come. You will be more and more unhappy the +longer you live. Did you live till you were an old +woman, you would not know how to bear your existence.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista cried out as if in bodily pain, <q>It is true, +sir, whoever told you. But how can you have the +heart to say it, to insult and mock me!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>God forbid!</q> exclaimed Cæcilius, <q>but let me go +on. Listen, my child. Be brave, and dare to look at +<pb n="218"/><anchor id="Pg218"/>things as they are. Every day adds to your burden. +This is a law of your present being, somewhat more +certain than the assertion which you just now so confidently +made, the impossibility of your believing in +that law. You cannot refuse to accept what is not an +opinion, but a fact. I say this burden which I speak +of is not simply a dogma of our creed, it is an +undeniable fact of nature. You cannot change it by +wishing; if you were to live on earth two hundred +years, it would not be reversed, it would be more and +more true. At the end of two hundred years you +would be too miserable even for your worst enemy to +rejoice in it.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Cæcilius spoke, as if half in soliloquy or meditation, +though he was looking towards Callista. The contrast +between them was singular: he thus abstracted; +she too, utterly forgetful of self, but absorbed in him, +and showing it by her eager eyes, her hushed breath, +her anxious attitude. At last she said impatiently, +<q>Father, you are speaking to yourself; you despise +me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The priest looked straight at her with an open, untroubled +smile, and said, <q>Callista, do not doubt me, +my poor child; you are in my heart. I was praying +for you shortly before you appeared. No; but, +in so serious a matter as attempting to save a soul, +I like to speak to you in my Lord’s sight. I am +speaking to you, indeed I am, my child; but I am +also pleading with you on His behalf, and before His +throne.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="219"/><anchor id="Pg219"/> + +<p> +His voice trembled as he spoke, but he soon recovered +himself. <q>Suffer me,</q> he said. <q rend="post: none">I was saying +that if you lived five hundred years on earth, you +would but have a heavier load on you as time went +on. But you will not live, you will die. Perhaps you +will tell me that you will then cease to be. I don’t +believe you think so. I may take for granted that +you think with me, and with the multitude of men, +that you will still live, that you will still be <hi rend="italic">you</hi>. You +will still be the same being, but deprived of those +outward stays and reliefs and solaces, which, such as +they are, you now enjoy. You will be yourself, shut +up in yourself. I have heard that people go mad at +length when placed in solitary confinement. If, then, +on passing hence, you are cut off from what you had +here, and have only the company of yourself, I think +your burden will be, so far, greater, not less than it is +now.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">Suppose, for instance, you had still your love of +conversing, and could not converse; your love of the +poets of your race, and no means of recalling them; +your love of music, and no instrument to play upon; +your love of knowledge, and nothing to learn; your +desire of sympathy, and no one to love: would not +that be still greater misery?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">Let me proceed a step further: supposing you +were among those whom you actually did <hi rend="italic">not</hi> love; +supposing you did <hi rend="italic">not</hi> like them, nor their occupations, +and could not understand their aims; suppose +there be, as Christians say, one Almighty God, and +<pb n="220"/><anchor id="Pg220"/>you did not like Him, and had no taste for thinking +of Him, and no interest in what He was and what He +did; and supposing you found that there was nothing +else anywhere but He, whom you did not love and +whom you wished away: would you not be still more +wretched?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">And if this went on for ever, would you not be in +great inexpressible pain for ever?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Assuming then, first, that the soul always needs +external objects to rest upon; next, that it has no +prospect of any such when it leaves this visible scene; +and thirdly, that the hunger and thirst, the gnawing +of the heart, where it occurs, is as keen and piercing +as a flame; it will follow there is nothing irrational in +the notion of an eternal Tartarus.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I cannot answer you, sir,</q> said Callista, <q>but I do +not believe the dogma on that account a whit the +more. My mind revolts from the notion. There <hi rend="italic">must</hi> +be some way out of it.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>If, on the other hand,</q> continued Cæcilius, not +noticing her interruption, <q>if all your thoughts go +one way; if you have needs, desires, aims, aspirations, +all of which demand an Object, and imply, by their +very existence, that such an Object does exist also; +and if nothing here does satisfy them, and if there be +a message which professes to come from that Object, +of whom you already have the presentiment, and to +teach you about Him, and to bring the remedy you +crave; and if those who try that remedy say with one +voice that the remedy answers; are you not bound, +<pb n="221"/><anchor id="Pg221"/>Callista, at least to look that way, to inquire into +what you hear about it, and to ask for His help, if He +be, to enable you to believe in Him?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>This is what a slave of mine used to say,</q> cried +Callista, abruptly; <q>... and another, Agellius, hinted +the same thing.... What is your remedy, what +your Object, what your love, O Christian teacher? +Why are you all so mysterious, so reserved in your +communications?</q> +</p> + +<p> +Cæcilius was silent for a moment, and seemed at a +loss for an answer. At length he said, <q>Every man +is in that state which you confess of yourself. We +have no love for Him who alone lasts. We love +those things which do not last, but come to an end. +Things being thus, He whom we ought to love has +determined to win us back to Him. With this object +He has come into His own world, in the form of one +of us men. And in that human form He opens His +arms and woos us to return to Him, our Maker. This +is our Worship, this is our Love, Callista.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You talk as Chione,</q> Callista answered; <q>only +that she felt, and you teach. She could not speak +of her Master without blushing for joy.... And +Agellius, when he said one word about his Master, he +too began to blush....</q> +</p> + +<p> +It was plain that the priest could hardly command +his feelings, and they sat for a short while in silence. +Then Callista began, as if musing on what she had +heard. +</p> + +<p> +<q>A loved One,</q> she said, <q>yet ideal; a passion so +<pb n="222"/><anchor id="Pg222"/>potent, so fresh, so innocent, so absorbing, so expulsive +of other loves, so enduring, yet of One never +beheld;—mysterious! It is our own notion of the +First and only Fair, yet embodied in a substance, yet +dissolving again into a sort of imagination.... It is +beyond me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>There is but one Lover of souls,</q> cried Cæcilius, +<q>and He loves each one of us, as though there were +no one else to love. He died for each one of us, as +if there were no one else to die for. He died on the +shameful cross. <q>Amor meus crucifixus est.</q> The +love which he inspires lasts, for it is the love of the +Unchangeable. It satisfies, for He is inexhaustible. +The nearer we draw to Him, the more triumphantly +does He enter into us; the longer He dwells in us, +the more intimately have we possession of Him. It is +an espousal for eternity. This is why it is so easy +for us to die for our faith, at which the world +marvels.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Presently he said, <q>Why will not <hi rend="italic">you</hi> approach +Him? why will not you leave the creature for the +Creator?</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista seldom lost her self-possession; for a +moment she lost it now; tears gushed from her +eyes. <q>Impossible!</q> she said, <q>what, I? you do not +know me, father!</q> She paused, and then resumed +in a different tone, <q>No! <hi rend="italic">my</hi> lot is one way, yours +another. I am a child of Greece, and have no happiness +but that, such as it is, which my own bright +land, my own glorious race, give me. I may well be +<pb n="223"/><anchor id="Pg223"/>content, I may well be resigned, I may well be proud, +if I possess <hi rend="italic">that</hi> happiness. I must live and die +where I have been born. I am a tree which will not +bear transplanting. The Assyrians, the Jews, the +Egyptians, have their own mystical teaching. They +follow their happiness in their own way; mine is a +different one. The pride of mind, the revel of the +intellect, the voice and eyes of genius, and the fond +beating heart, I cannot do without them. I cannot +do without what you, Christian, call sin. Let me +alone; such as nature made me I will be. I cannot +change.</q> +</p> + +<p> +This sudden revulsion of her feelings quite overcame +Cæcilius; yet, while the disappointment thrilled +through him, he felt a most strange sympathy for the +poor lost girl, and his reply was full of emotion. +<q>Am <hi rend="italic">I</hi> a Jew?</q> he exclaimed; <q>am <hi rend="italic">I</hi> an Egyptian, +or an Assyrian? Have I from my youth believed +and possessed what now is my Life, my Hope, and +my Love? Child, <hi rend="italic">what</hi> was once my life? Am not +<hi rend="italic">I</hi> too a brand plucked out of the fire? Do <hi rend="italic">I</hi> deserve +anything but evil? Is it not the Power, the Mighty +Power of the only Strong, the only Merciful, the +grace of Emmanuel, which has changed and won +me? If He can change me, an old man, could He +not change a child like you? I, a proud, stern +Roman; I, a lover of pleasure, a man of letters, +of political station, with formed habits, and life-long +associations, and complicated relations; was it <hi rend="italic">I</hi> +who wrought this great change in me, who gained +<pb n="224"/><anchor id="Pg224"/>for myself the power of hating what I once loved, of +unlearning what I once knew, nay, of even forgetting +what once I was? Who has made you and me to +differ, but He who can, when He will, make us to +agree? It is His same Omnipotence which will +transform <hi rend="italic">you</hi>, if you will but come to be transformed.</q> +</p> + +<p> +But a reaction had come over the proud and sensitive +mind of the Greek girl. <q>So after all, priest,</q> she +said, <q>you are but a man like others; a frail, guilty +person like myself. I can find plenty of persons +who do as I do; I want some one who does not; I +want some one to worship. I thought there was +something in you special and extraordinary. There +was a gentleness and tenderness mingled with your +strength which was new to me. I said, Here is at +last a god. My own gods are earthly, sensual; I +have no respect for them, no faith in them. But +there is nothing better anywhere else.... Alas!...</q> +She started up, and said with vehemence, <q>I +thought you sinless; you confess to crime.... Ah! +how do I know,</q> she continued with a shudder, +<q>that you are better than those base hypocrites, +priests of Isis or Mithras, whose lustrations, initiations, +new birth, white robes, and laurel crowns, are +but the instrument and cloak of their intense depravity?</q> +And she felt for the clasp upon her +shoulder. +</p> + +<p> +Here her speech was interrupted by a hoarse sound, +borne upon the wind as of many voices blended into +<pb n="225"/><anchor id="Pg225"/>one and softened by the distance, but which, under +the circumstances, neither of the parties to the above +conversation had any difficulty in assigning to its real +cause. <q>Dear father,</q> she said, <q>the enemy is upon +you.</q> +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XX" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="226"/><anchor id="Pg226"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XX. He shall not lose his reward"/> +<head>CHAPTER XX.</head> + +<head type="sub">HE SHALL NOT LOSE HIS REWARD.</head> + +<p> +There was no room for doubt or for delay. <q>What +is to become of you, Callista?</q> he said; <q>they will +tear you to pieces.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Fear nothing for me, father,</q> she answered; <q>I +am one of them. They know me. Alas, <hi rend="italic">I</hi> am no +Christian! <hi rend="italic">I</hi> have not abjured their rites! but you, +lose not a moment.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>They are still at some distance,</q> he said, <q>though +the wind gives us merciful warning of their coming.</q> +He looked about the room, and took up the books of +Holy Scripture which were on the shelf. <q>There is +nothing else,</q> he said, <q>of special value here. Agellius +could not take them. Here, my child, I am going +to show you a great confidence. To few persons +not Christians would I show it. Take this blessed +parchment; it contains the earthly history of our +Divine Master. Here you will see whom we Christians +love. Read it; keep it safely; surrender it, +when you have the opportunity, into Christian keeping. +My mind tells me I am not wrong in lending it +to you.</q> He handed to her the Gospel of St. Luke, +<pb n="227"/><anchor id="Pg227"/>while he put the two other volumes into the folds of +his own tunic. +</p> + +<p> +<q>One word more,</q> she said; <q>your name, should I +want you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +He took up a piece of chalk from the shelf, and +wrote upon the wall in distinct characters, +</p> + +<lg> +<l><q>Thascius Cæcilius Cyprianus, Bishop of Carthage.</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +Hardly had she read the inscription when the +voices of several men were heard in the very neighbourhood +of the cottage; and hoping to effect a +diversion in favour of Cæcilius, and being at once +unsuspicious of danger to herself, and careless of her +life, she ran quickly forward to meet them. Cæcilius +ought to have taken to flight without a moment’s +delay, but a last sacred duty detained him. He knelt +down and took the pyx from his bosom. He had +eaten nothing that day; but even if otherwise, it was +a crisis which allowed him to consume the sacred +species without fasting. He hastily opened the golden +case, adored the blessed sacrament, and consumed it, +purifying its receptacle, and restoring it to its hiding-place. +Then he rose at once and left the cottage. +</p> + +<p> +He looked about; Callista was nowhere to be seen. +She was gone; so much was certain, no enemy was in +sight; it only remained for him to make off too. In +the confusion he turned in the wrong direction; instead +of making off at the back of the cottage from which +the voices had scared him, he ran across the garden +<pb n="228"/><anchor id="Pg228"/>into the hollow way. It was all over with him in an +instant; he fell at once into the hands of the vanguard +of the mob. +</p> + +<p> +Many mouths were opened upon him all at once. +<q>The sorcerer!</q> cried one; <q>tear him to shreds; <hi rend="italic">we’ll</hi> +teach him to brew his spells against the city.</q> <q>Give +us back our grapes and corn,</q> said a second. <q>Have +a guard,</q> said a third; <q>he can turn you into swine +or asses while there is breath in him,</q> <q>Then be +the quicker with him,</q> said a fourth, who was lifting +up a crowbar to discharge upon his head. <q>Hold!</q> +said a tall swarthy youth, who had already warded off +several blows from him, <q>hold, will you? don’t you +see, if you kill him he can’t undo the spell. Make +him first reverse it all; make him take the curse off +us. Bring him along; take him to Astarte, Hercules, +or old <anchor id="corr228"/><corr sic="Saturu">Saturn</corr>. We’ll broil him on a gridiron till he +turns all these canes into vines, and makes olive berries +of the pebbles, and turns the dust of the earth into +fine flour for our eating. When he has done all this +he shall dance a jig with a wild cow, and sit down to +supper with an hyena.</q> +</p> + +<p> +A loud scream of exultation broke forth from the +drunken and frantic multitude. <q>Along with him!</q> +continued the same speaker in a jeering tone. <q>Here, +put him on the ass and tie his hands behind his back. +He shall go back in triumph to the city which he +loves. Mind, and don’t touch him before the time. If +you kill him, you’ll never get the curse off. Come +here, you priests of Cybele,</q> he added, <q>and be his +<pb n="229"/><anchor id="Pg229"/>body-guard.</q> And he continued to keep a vigilant +eye and hand over the old man, in spite of them. +</p> + +<p> +The ass, though naturally a good-tempered beast, +had been most sadly tried through the day. He had +been fed, indeed, out of mockery, as being the Christians’ +god; but he did not understand the shouts and +caprices of the crowd, and he only waited for an +opportunity to show that he by no means acquiesced in +the proceedings of the day. And now the difficulty +was to move at all. The people kept crowding up the +hollow road, and blocked the passage, and though the +greater part of the rioters had either been left behind +exhausted in Sicca itself, or had poured over the fields +on each side of Agellius’s cottage, or gone right over +the hill down into the valley beyond, yet still it was +some time before the ass could move a step, and a time +of nervous suspense it was both to Cæcilius and the +youth who befriended him. At length what remained +of the procession was persuaded to turn about and +make for Sicca, but in a reversed order. It could not +be brought round in so confined a space, so its rear +went first and the ass and its burden came last. As +they descended the hill back again, Cæcilius, who was +mounted upon the linen and silk which had adorned +the Dea Syra before the Tertullianist had destroyed +the idol, saw before him the whole line of march. In +front were flaunted the dreadful emblems of idolatry, +so far as their bearers were able still to raise them. +Drunken women, ragged boys mounted on men’s +shoulders, ruffians and bullies, savage-looking +Getu<pb n="230"/><anchor id="Pg230"/>lians, half-human monsters from the Atlas, monkeys +and curs jabbering and howling, mummers, bacchanals, +satyrs, and gesticulators, formed the staple of the +procession. Midway between the hill which he was +descending and the city lay the ravine, of which we +have several times spoken, widening out into the +plain or Campus Martius, which reached round to the +steep cliffs on the north. The bridle-path, along +which he was moving, crossed it just where it was +opening and became level, so as to present no abrupt +descent and ascent at the place where the path was +lowest. On the left every vestige of the ravine soon +ceased, and a free passage extended to the plain. +</p> + +<p> +The youth who had placed Cæcilius on the ass +still kept close to him and sung at the pitch of his +voice, in imitation of the rest— +</p> + +<lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">Sporting and snorting in shades of the night,</q></l> +<l>His ears pricking up, and his hoofs striking light,</l> +<l><q rend="pre: none">And his tail whisking round, in the speed of his flight.</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +<q>Old man,</q> he continued to Cæcilius in a low +voice, and in Latin, <q>your curse has not worked on +me yet.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>My son,</q> answered the priest, <q>you are granted +one day more for repentance.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Lucky for you as well as for me,</q> was the reply: +and he continued his song:— +</p> + +<lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">Gurta, the witch, was out with the rest;</q></l> +<l>Though as lame as a gull, by his highness possessed,</l> +<l>She shouldered her crutch, and danced with the <anchor id="corr230"/><corr sic="best">best.</corr></l> +</lg> + +<pb n="231"/><anchor id="Pg231"/> + +<lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">She stamped and she twirled in the shade of the yew,</q></l> +<l>Till her gossips and chums of the city danced too;</l> +<l>They never are slack when there’s mischief to do.</l> +</lg><lg> + <l><q rend="post: none">She danced and she coaxed, but he was no fool;</q></l> +<l>He’d be his own master, he’d not be her tool:</l> +<l><q rend="pre: none">Not the little black moor should send him to school.</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +He then turned to Cæcilius and whispered, <q>You +see, old father, that others, besides Christians, can +forgive and forget. Henceforth call me generous +Juba.</q> And he tossed his head. +</p> + +<p> +By this time they had got to the bottom of the hill, +and the deep shadows which filled the hollow showed +that the sun was rapidly sinking in the west. Suddenly, +as they were crossing the bottom as it opened into the +plain, Juba seized and broke the thong which bound +Cæcilius’s arms, and bestowing a tremendous cut with +it upon the side of the ass, sent him forward upon the +plain at his greatest speed. The youth’s manœuvre +was successful to the full. The asses of Africa can +do more on an occasion of this kind than our own. +Cæcilius for the moment lost his seat; but, instantly +recovering it, took care to keep the animal from +flagging; and the cries of the mob, and the howlings +of the priests of Cybele cooperated in the task. At +length the gloom, increasing every minute, hid him +from their view; and even in daylight his recapture +would have been a difficult matter for a wearied-out, +famished, and intoxicated rabble. Before Cæcilius well +had time to return thanks for this unexpected turn +of events, he was out of pursuit, and was ambling +at a pace more suitable to the habits of the beast of +<pb n="232"/><anchor id="Pg232"/>burden that carried him, over an expanse of plain +which would have been a formidable night-march to a +fasting man. +</p> + +<milestone unit="tb"/> +<p> +We must not conclude the day without relating +what was its issue to the persecutors, as well as to +their intended victim. It is almost a proverb that +punishment is slow in overtaking crime; but the +present instance was an exception to the rule. While +the exiled Bishop of Carthage escaped, the crowd, on +the other hand, were caught in the trap which had +been laid for them. We have already said it was a +<hi rend="italic">ruse</hi> on the part of the governing authorities of the +place to get the rioters out of the city, that they +might at once be relieved of them, and then deal with +them just as they might think fit. When the mob +was once outside the walls, they might be refused +re-admittance, and put down with a strong hand. The +Roman garrison, who, powerless to quell the tumult +in the narrow and winding streets and multiplied +alleys of the city, had been the authors of the +manœuvre, now took on themselves the stern completion +of it, and determined to do so in the sternest +way. Not a single head of all those who poured out +in the afternoon should return at night. It was not +to be supposed that the soldiers had any tenderness +for the Christians, but they abominated and despised +the rabble of the town. They were indignant at +their rising, thought it a personal insult to themselves, +and resolved they should never do so <anchor id="corr232"/><corr sic="again">again.</corr> +<pb n="233"/><anchor id="Pg233"/>The gates were commonly in the custody of the city +guard, but the Porta Septimiana, by which the mob +passed out, was on this occasion claimed by the +Romans. It was most suitably circumstanced for the +use they intended to make of it. Immediately outside +of it was a large court of the same level as the ground +inside, bordered on the right and left by substantial +walls, which after a time were drawn to meet each +other, and contracted the space to the usual breadth +of a road. The walls continued to run along this +road for some distance, till they joined the way which +led to the Campus Martius, and from this point the +ground was open till it reached the head of the +ravine. The soldiers drew up at the gate, and as +the worn-out and disappointed, brutalized and half-idiotic +multitudes returned towards it from the +country, those who were behind pushed on between +the border walls those who were in front, and, while +they jammed together their ranks, also made escape +impossible. It was now that the Roman soldiers +began their barbarous, not to say cowardly, assault +upon them. With heavy maces, with the pike, with +iron gauntlets, with stones and bricks, with clubs, +with scourge, with the sword, with the helmet, +with whatever came to hand, they commenced +the massacre of that large concourse of human +beings, who did not offer one blow in return. They +slaughtered them like sheep; they trampled them +down; they threw the bodies of the wounded over the +walls. Attempting to run back, numbers of the poor +<pb n="234"/><anchor id="Pg234"/>wretches came into conflict with the ranks behind +them, and an additional scene of confusion and overthrow +took place; many of them straggled over to +the open country or woods, and perished, either from +the weather, or from hunger, or even from the wild +beasts. Others, weakened by excess and famine, +fell a prey to the pestilence that was raging. After +some days a remnant of them was allowed silently +and timidly to steal back into the city as best they +could. It was a long day before the Plebs Siccensis +ventured to have any opinion of its own upon the +subject of Christianity, or any other political, social, or +ecclesiastical topic whatever. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXI" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="235"/><anchor id="Pg235"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXI. Startling rumours"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXI.</head> + +<head type="sub">STARTLING RUMOURS.</head> + +<p> +When Jucundus rose next morning, and heard the +news, he considered it to be more satisfactory than +he could have supposed possible. He was a zealous +imperialist, and a lover of tranquillity, a despiser of +the natives and a hater of the Christians. The Christians +had suffered enough to vindicate the Roman +name, to deter those who were playing at Christianity, +and to show that the people of Sicca had their eyes +about them. And the mob had received a severe +lesson too; and the cause of public order had +triumphed, and civic peace was re-established. His +anxiety, too, about Agellius had terminated, or was +terminating. He had privately denounced him to the +government, come to an understanding with the military +authorities, and obtained the custody of him. +He had met him at the very door to which the boy +Firmian brought him, with an apparitor of the military +staff (or what answered to it), and had clapped +him into prison in an underground cellar in which he +kept damaged images, and those which had gone out +of fashion, and were otherwise unsaleable. He was +not at all sorry, by some suffering, and by some +<pb n="236"/><anchor id="Pg236"/>fright, to aid the more potent incantation which +Callista was singing in his ears. He did not, however, +at all forget Juba’s hint, and was careful not to +overdo the rack-and-gridiron dodge, if we may so +designate it; yet he thought just a flavour or a +thought of the inconveniences which the profession +of Christianity involved might be a salutary +reflection in the midst of the persuasives which the +voice and eyes of Callista would kindle in his heart. +There was nothing glorious or heroic in being confined +in a lumber cellar, no one knowing anything +about it; and he did not mean to keep him there for +ever. +</p> + +<p> +As the next day wore on towards evening, rumour +brought a piece of news which he was at first utterly +unable to credit, and which for the moment seemed +likely to spoil the appetite which promised so well for +his evening repast. He could hardly believe his ears +when he was told that Callista was in arrest on a +charge of Christianity, and at first it made him look +as black as some of those Egyptian gods which he +had on one shelf of his shop. However, he rallied, and +was very much amused at the report. The imprisonment +indeed was a fact, account for it as one could; +but who <hi rend="italic">could</hi> account for it? <q>Varium et mutabile:</q> +who could answer for the whims and fancies of +womankind? If she had fallen in love with the owl +of Minerva, or cut off her auburn tresses, or turned +rope-dancer, there might have been some shrugging +of shoulders, but no one would have tried to analyze +<pb n="237"/><anchor id="Pg237"/>the motive; but so much his profound sagacity +enabled him to see, that, if there was one thing more +than another likely to sicken Agellius of Christianity, +it was to find one who was so precious to him suffering +from the suspicion of it. It was bad enough to +have suffered one’s self in such a cause; still he could +conceive, he was large-minded enough to grant, that +Agellius might have some secret satisfaction in the +antagonist feeling of resentment and obstinacy which +that suffering might engender: but it was carrying +matters too far, and no comfort in any point of view, +to find Callista, his beloved, the object of a similar +punishment. It was all very well to profess Christianity +as a matter of sentiment, mystery, and singularity; +but when it was found to compromise the life +or limbs of another, and that other Callista, why it +was plain that Agellius would be the very first to try +and entreat the wayward girl to keep her good looks +for him, and to be loyal to the gods of her country; +and he chuckled over the thought, as others have +done in other states of society, of a love-scene or +a marriage being the termination of so much high +romance and fine acting. +</p> + +<p> +However, the next day Aristo came down to him +himself, and gave him an account at once more authentic +and more extended on the matter which interested +him. Callista had been called up before the +tribunal, and had not been discharged, but remanded. +The meaning of it was as obscure as ever; Aristo +could give no account of it; it almost led him to +be<pb n="238"/><anchor id="Pg238"/>lieve in the evil eye; some unholy practices, some +spells such as only potent wizards know, some deplorable +delusion or hallucination, had for the time got +the mastery of his sister’s mind. No one seemed +quite to know how she had found her way into the +hands of the officers; but there she was, and the +problem was how to get her out of them. +</p> + +<p> +However, whatever mystery, whatever anxiety, +attached to the case, it was only still more urgent to +bring the matter home to Agellius without delay. +If time went on before the parties were brought +together, she might grow more obstinate, and kindle +a like spirit in him. Oh that boys and girls <hi rend="italic">would</hi> +be giving old people, who wish them well, so much +trouble! However, it was no good thinking of that +just then. He considered that, at the present +moment, they would not be able to bear the sight of +each other in suffering and peril; that mutual tenderness +would make them plead with each other in each +other’s behalf, and that each would be obliged to set +the example to each of a concession, to which each +exhorted each; and on this fine philosophical view he +proceeded to act. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="239"/><anchor id="Pg239"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXII. Jucundus propounds his view of the situation"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXII.</head> + +<head type="sub">JUCUNDUS PROPOUNDS HIS VIEW OF THE SITUATION.</head> + +<p> +For thirty-six hours Agellius had been confined +in his underground receptacle, light being almost +excluded, a bench and a rug being his means of +repose, and a full measure of bread, wine, and olives +being his dole. The shrieks and yells of the rioters +could be distinctly heard in his prison, as the day of +his seizure went on, and they passed by the temple of +Astarte; but what happened at his farm, and how it +fared with Cæcilius, he had no means of conjecturing; +nor indeed how it was to fare with himself, for <anchor id="corr239"/><corr sic="ou">on</corr> the +face of the transaction, as was in form the fact, he +was in the hands of the law, and only indulged with +the house of a relative for his prison. On the second +night he was released by his uncle’s confidential +slave, who brought him up to a small back closet on +the ground floor, which was lighted from the roof, +and next morning, being the second day after the riot, +Jucundus came in to have his confidential conversation +with him. +</p> + +<p> +His uncle began by telling him that he was a +government prisoner, but that he hoped by his influence +in high places to get him off and out of +<pb n="240"/><anchor id="Pg240"/>Sicca without any prejudice to his honour. He told +him that <anchor id="corr240"/><corr sic="be">he</corr> had managed it privately, and if he +had treated him with apparent harshness up to the +evening before, it was in order to save appearances +with the apparitors who had attended him. He +then went on to inform him that the mob had +visited his cottage, and had caught some man there; +he supposed some accomplice or ally of his nephew’s. +They had seized him, and were bringing him off, but +the fellow had been clever enough to effect his escape. +He did not know more than this, but it had happened +very fortunately, for the general belief in the place +was, that it was Agellius who had been taken, and +who had managed to give them the slip. Since it +could not any longer be safely denied that he was a +Christian, though he (Jucundus) did not think so himself, +he had encouraged or rather had given his confirmation +to the report; and when some persons who +had means of knowing had asserted that the culprit +was double the age of his nephew and more, and not at +all of his make or description, but a sort of slave, or +rather that he was the slave of Agellius who had +belonged to his father Strabo, Jucundus had boldly +asserted that Agellius, in the emergency, had +availed himself of some of the remarkably powerful +charms which Christians were known to possess, +and had made himself seem what he really was not, +in order to escape detection. It had not indeed +answered the purpose entirely, for he had actually +been taken; but no blame in the charm, which +<pb n="241"/><anchor id="Pg241"/>perhaps, after all, had enabled him to escape. However, +Agellius was gone, he told people, and a good +riddance, and he hoped never to see him again. <q>But +you see, my dear boy,</q> he concluded, <q>this was all +talk for the occasion, for I hope you will live here +many years in respectability and credit. I intend you +should close my eyes when my time comes, and +inherit whatever I have to leave you; for as to that +fellow Juba, he inspires me with no confidence in him +at all.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius thanked his uncle with all his heart for +his kind and successful efforts on his behalf; he did +not think there was a word he had said, in the future +he had sketched for him, which he could have wished +altered. But he thought Jucundus over-sanguine; +much as he should like to live with him and tend him +in his old age, he did not think he should ever be +permitted to return to Sicca. He was a Christian, and +must seek some remote corner of the world, or at +least some city where he was unknown. Every one in +Sicca would point at him as the Christian; he would +experience a thousand rubs and collisions, even if the +mob did not rise against him, without corresponding +advantage; on the other hand, he would have no +influence. But were he in the midst of a powerful +and widely-extended community of Christians, he +might in his place do work, and might extend the +faith as one of a number, unknown himself, and strong +in his brethren. He therefore proposed as soon as +<pb n="242"/><anchor id="Pg242"/>possible to sell his effects and stock, and retire from +the sight of men, at least for a time. +</p> + +<p> +<q>You think this persecution, then, will be soon at +an end?</q> asked Jucundus. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I judge by the past,</q> answered Agellius; <q>there +have been times of trial and of rest hitherto, and I +suppose it will be so again. And one place has +hitherto been exempt from the violence of our +enemies, when another has been the scene of it.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>A new time is coming, trust me,</q> said Jucundus, +gravely. <q>Those popular commotions are all over. +What happened two days ago is a sample of what +will come of them; they have received their <hi rend="italic">coup-de-grâce</hi>. +The State is taking up the matter, Rome +itself, thank the gods! a tougher sort of customer +than these villain ratcatchers and offal-eaters, whom +you had to do with two days since. Great Rome is +now at length in earnest, my boy, which she ought to +have been a long time back, before you were born; +and then you know,</q> and he nodded, <q>you would +have had no choice; you wouldn’t have had the temptation +to make a fool of yourself.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, then,</q> answered Agellius, <q>if a new time is +really coming, there is less chance than ever of my +continuing here.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Now be a sensible fellow, as you are when you +choose,</q> said his uncle; <q>look the matter in the face, +do. You cannot wrestle with impossibilities, you +cannot make facts to pattern. There are lawful +religions, there are illicit. Christianity is illicit; it +<pb n="243"/><anchor id="Pg243"/>is not tolerated; that’s not your fault; you cannot +help it; you would, if you could; you can’t. Now you +have observed your point of honour; you have shown +you can stand up like a man, and suffer for your +own fancy. Still Rome does not give way; and you +must make the best of it. You must give in, and you +are far too good (I don’t compliment, I speak my mind), +far too amiable, excellent, sweet a boy for so rascally a +superstition.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>There is something stronger than Rome,</q> said the +nephew almost sternly. +</p> + +<p> +Jucundus cut him short. <q>Agellius!</q> he said, +<q>you must not say that in this house. You shall not +use that language under my roof. I’ll not put up +with it, I tell you. Take your treason elsewhere.... +This accursed obstinacy!</q> he said to himself; <q>but +I must take care what I am doing;</q> then aloud, +<q>Well, we both of us have been railing; no good +comes of railing; railing is not argument. But now, +I say, do be sensible, if you can. Is not the imperial +government in earnest now? better late than never, +but it is now in earnest. And now mark my words, +by this day five years, five years at the utmost,—I +say by this day five years there will not be a single +ragamuffin Christian in the whole Roman world.</q> +And he looked fierce. <q>Ye gods! Rome, Rome has +swept from the earth by her very breath conspiracies, +confederacies, plots against her, without ever failing; +she will do so now with this contemptible, Jew-begotten +foe.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="244"/><anchor id="Pg244"/> + +<p> +<q>In what are we enemies to Rome, Jucundus?</q> +said Agellius; <q>why will you always take it for +granted?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Take it for granted!</q> answered he, <q>is it not on +the face of the matter? I suppose <hi rend="italic">they</hi> are enemies +to a state, whom the state <hi rend="italic">calls</hi> its enemies. Besides, +why a pother of words? Swear by the genius of the +emperor, invoke the Dea Roma, sacrifice to Jove; no, +not a bit of it, not a whisper, not a sign, not a grain of +incense. You go out of your way to insult us; +and then you come with a grave face, and say you +are loyal. You kick our shins, and you wish us to +kiss you on both cheeks for it. A few harmless ceremonies; +we are not entrapping you; we are not +using your words against yourselves; we tell you the +meaning beforehand, the whole meaning of them. +It is not as if we tied you to the belief of the nursery: +we don’t say, <q>If you burn incense, you profess to +believe that old Jupiter is shivering atop of Olympus;</q> +we don’t say, <q>You swear by the genius of Cæsar, +therefore he has a genius, black, or white, or piebald,</q> +No, we give you the meaning of the act; it is a mere +expression of loyalty to the empire. If then you +won’t do it, you confess yourself <hi rend="italic">ipso facto</hi> disloyal. +It is incomprehensible.</q> And he had become quite +red. +</p> + +<p> +<q>My dear uncle,</q> said Agellius, <q>I give you my +solemn word, that the people whom you so detest do +pray for the welfare of the imperial power continually, +as a matter of duty and as a matter of interest.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="245"/><anchor id="Pg245"/> + +<p> +<q>Pray! pray! fudge and nonsense!</q> cried Jucundus, +almost mimicking him in his indignation; <q>pray! +who thanks you for your prayers? what’s the good of +prayers? Prayers, indeed! ha, ha! A little loyalty +is worth all the praying in the world. I’ll tell you +what, Agellius; you are, I am sorry to say it, but you +are hand and glove with a set of traitors, who shall +and will be smoked out like a nest of wasps. <hi rend="italic">You</hi> +don’t know; <hi rend="italic">you</hi> are not in the secret, nor the +wretched slave, poor beast, who was pulled to pieces +yesterday (ah! you don’t know of him) at the Flamen’s, +nor a multitude of other idiots. But, d’ye see,</q> and +he chucked up his head significantly, <q>there are +puppets, and there are wires. Few know what is going +on. They won’t have done (unless we put them +down; but we will) till they have toppled down the +state. But Rome will put them down. Come, be +sensible, listen to reason; now I am going to put facts +before my poor, dear, well-meaning boy. Oh that you +saw things as I do! What a trouble you are to me! +Here am I</q>—— +</p> + +<p> +<q>My dearest uncle, Jucundus,</q> cried Agellius, <q>I +assure you, it is the most intense pain to me</q>—— +</p> + +<p> +<q>Very well, very well,</q> interrupted the uncle in +turn, <q>I believe it, of course I believe it; but listen, +listen. Every now and then,</q> he continued in a more +measured and lower tone, <q>every now and then the +secret is blabbed—blabbed. There was that Tertullianus +of Carthage, some fifty years since. He wrote +books; books have done a great deal of harm before +<pb n="246"/><anchor id="Pg246"/>now; but <hi rend="italic">read</hi> his books—read and ponder. The +fellow has the insolence to tell the proconsul that he +and the whole government, the whole city and province, +the whole Roman world, the emperors, all but +the pitiful <hi rend="italic">clique</hi> to which he belongs, are destined, +after death, to flames for ever and ever. There’s +loyalty! but the absurdity is greater than the malevolence. +Rightly are the fellows called atheists and +men-haters. Our soldiers, our statesmen, our magistrates, +and judges, and senators, and the whole community, +all worshippers of the gods, every one who +crowns his head, every one who loves a joke, and all +our great historic names, heroes, and worthies,—the +Scipios, the Decii, Brutus, Cæsar, Cato, Titus, Trajan, +Antoninus,—are inmates, not of the Elysian fields, if +Elysian fields there be, but of Tartarus, and will never +find a way out of it.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>That man, Tertullianus, is nothing to us, uncle,</q> +answered Agellius; <q>a man of great ability, but he +quarrelled with us, and left us.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q><hi rend="italic">I</hi> can’t draw nice distinctions,</q> said Jucundus. +<q>Your people have quarrelled among themselves +perhaps on an understanding; we can’t split hairs. +It’s the same with your present hierophant at Carthage, +Cyprianus. Nothing can exaggerate, I am told, the +foulness of his attack upon the gods of Rome, upon +Romulus, the Augurs, the Ancilia, the consuls, and +whatever a Roman is proud of. As to the imperial +city itself, there’s hardly one of their high priests that +has not died under the hands of the executioner, as a +<pb n="247"/><anchor id="Pg247"/>convict. The precious fellows take the title of Pontifex +Maximus; bless their impudence! Well, my boy, +this is what I say; be, if you will, so preternaturally +sour and morose as to misconceive and mislike the +innocent, graceful, humanising, time-honoured usages +of society; be so, for what I care, if this is all; but +it isn’t all. Such misanthropy is wisdom, absolute +wisdom, compared with the Titanic presumption +and audacity of challenging to single combat the +sovereign of the world. Go and kick down Mount +Atlas first.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You have it all your own way, Jucundus,</q> answered +his nephew, <q>and so you must move in your own +circle, round and round. There is no touching you, if +you first assume your premisses, and then prove them +by means of your conclusion.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>My dear Agellius,</q> said his uncle, giving his head +a very solemn shake, <q>take the advice of an old man. +When you are older than you are, you will see better +who is right and who is wrong. You’ll be sorry you +despised me, a true, a prudent, an experienced friend; +you will. Shake yourself, come do. Why should you +link your fortunes, in the morning of life, with desperate +men, only because your father, in his last feeble +days, was entrapped into doing so? I really will not +believe that you are going to throw away hope and +life on so bad a bargain. Can’t you speak a word? +Here you’ve let me speak, and won’t say one syllable +for yourself. I don’t think it kind of you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Thus adjured, Agellius began. <q>Well,</q> he said, +<pb n="248"/><anchor id="Pg248"/><q>it’s a long history; you see, we start, my dear uncle, +from different points. How am I possibly to join issue +with you? I can only tell you my conclusion. Hope +and life, you say. Why, my only hope, my only life, +my only joy, desire, consolation, and treasure is that +I am a Christian.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Hope and life!</q> interrupted Jucundus, <q>immortal +gods! life and hope in being a Christian! do I hear +aright? Why, man, a prison brings despair, not hope; +and the sword brings death, not life. By Esculapius! +life and hope! you choke me, Agellius. Life and +hope! you are beyond three Anticyras. Life and +hope! if you were old, if you were diseased, if you were +given over, and had but one puff of life left in you, then +you might be what you would, for me; but your hair +is black, your cheek is round, <anchor id="corr248"/><corr sic="you">your</corr> limbs are strong, +your voice is full; and you are going to make all +these a sacrifice to Hecate! has your good genius fed +that plump frame, ripened those goods looks, nerved +your arm, bestowed that breadth of chest, that strength +of loins, that straightness of spine, that vigour of step, +only that you may feed the crows? or to be torn on +the rack, scorched in the flame, or hung on the gibbet? +is this your gratitude to nature? What has been your +price? for what have you sold yourself? Speak, man, +speak. Are you dumb as well as dement? Are you +dumb, I say, are you dumb?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>O Jucundus,</q> cried Agellius, irritated at his own +inability to express himself or hold an argument, <q>if +you did but know what it was to have the Truth! The +<pb n="249"/><anchor id="Pg249"/>Christian has found the Truth, the eternal Truth, in a +world of error. That is his bargain, that is his hire; +can there be a greater? Can I give up the Truth? +But all this is Punic or Barbar to you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +It certainly did pose Jucundus for half a minute, +as if he was trying to take in, not so much the sense, +as the words of his nephew’s speech. He looked bewildered, +and though he began to answer him at once, +it took several sentences to bring him into his usual +flow of language. After one or two exclamations, +<q>The truth!</q> he cried, <q><hi rend="italic">this</hi> is what I understand you +to say,—the truth. The <hi rend="italic">truth</hi> is your bargain; I think +I’m right, the truth; Hm; what is truth? What in +heaven and earth do you mean by truth? where did +you get that cant? What oriental tomfoolery is bamboozling +you? The truth!</q> he cried, staring at him +with eyes, half of triumph, half of impatience, <q>the +truth! Jove help the boy!—the truth! can truth pour +me out a cup of melilotus? can truth crown me with +flowers? can it sing to me? can it bring Glyceris to +me? drop gold into my girdle? or cool my brows when +fever visits me? Can truth give me a handsome suburban +with some five hundred slaves, or raise me to +the duumvirate? Let it do this, and I will worship it; +it shall be my god; it shall be more to me than Fortune, +Fate, Rome, or any other goddess on the list. +But <hi rend="italic">I</hi> like to see, and touch, and feel, and handle, and +weigh, and measure what is promised me. I wish to +have a sample and an instalment. I am too old for +chaff. Eat, drink, and be merry, that’s my philosophy, +<pb n="250"/><anchor id="Pg250"/>that’s my religion; and I know no better. To-day is +ours, to-morrow is our children’s.</q> +</p> + +<p> +After a pause, he added, bitterly, <q>If truth could +get Callista out of prison, instead of getting her into +it, I should have something to say to truth.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Callista in prison!</q> cried Agellius with surprise +and distress, <q>what do you mean, Jucundus?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Yes, it’s a fact; Callista <hi rend="italic">is</hi> in prison,</q> answered +he, <q>and on suspicion of Christianity.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Callista! Christianity!</q> said Agellius, bewildered, +<q>do I hear aright? She a Christian! oh, impossible, +uncle! you don’t mean to say that she is in prison. +Tell me, tell me, my dear, dear Jucundus, what this +wonderful news means.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You ought to know more about it than I,</q> +answered he, <q>if there is any meaning in it. But if +you want my opinion, here it is. I don’t believe +she is more a Christian than I am; but I think she is +over head and ears in love with you, and she has some +notion that she is paying you a compliment, or interesting +you in her, or sharing your fate—(<hi rend="italic">I</hi> can’t +pretend to unravel the vagaries and tantarums of the +female mind)—by saying that she is what she is <hi rend="italic">not</hi>. +If not, perhaps she has done it out of spite and contradiction. +You can never answer for a woman.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Whom should she spite? whom contradict?</q> cried +Agellius, thrown for the moment off his balance. <q>O +Callista! Callista in prison for Christianity! Oh if it’s +true that she is a Christian! but what if she is not?</q> +he added with great terror, <q>what if she’s not, and yet +<pb n="251"/><anchor id="Pg251"/>in prison, as if she were? How are we to get her out, +uncle? Impossible! no, she’s not a Christian—she is +not at all. She ought not to be there! Yet how +wonderful!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, I am sure of it, too,</q> said Jucundus; <q>I’d +stake the best image in my shop that she’s not a +Christian; but what if she is perverse enough to say +she <hi rend="italic">is</hi>? and such things are not uncommon. Then, I +say, what in the world is to be done? If she says +she is, why she is. There you are; and what can +you do?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You don’t mean to say,</q> exclaimed Agellius, <q>that +that sweet delicate child is in that horrible hole; +impossible!</q> and he nearly shrieked at the thought. +<q>What is the meaning of it all? dear, dear uncle, do +tell me something more about it. Why did you not +tell me before? What <hi rend="italic">can</hi> be done?</q> +</p> + +<p> +Jucundus thought he now had him in his hand. +<q>Why, it’s plain,</q> he answered, <q>what can be <hi rend="italic">done</hi>. +She’s no Christian, we both agree. It’s certain, too, +that she chooses to say she is, or something like it. +There’s just one person who has influence with her, +to make her tell the truth.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ha!</q> cried Agellius, starting as if an asp had +bitten him. +</p> + +<p> +Jucundus kept silence, and let the poison of the +said asp work awhile in his nephew’s blood. +</p> + +<p> +Agellius put his hands before his eyes; and with +his elbows on his knees, began moving to and fro, as +if in intense pain. +</p> + +<pb n="252"/><anchor id="Pg252"/> + +<p> +<q>I repeat what I have said,</q> Jucundus observed at +length; <q>I do really think that she imagines a certain +young gentleman is likely to be in trouble, and that +she is determined to share the trouble with him.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>But it isn’t true,</q> cried Agellius with great vehemence; +<q>it’s not true.... If she really is not a Christian, +O my dear Lord, surely they won’t put her to +death as if she was?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>But if she has made up her mind to be in the +same boat with you, and <hi rend="italic">will</hi> be a Christian while you +are a Christian, what on earth can we do, Agellius?</q> +asked Jucundus. <q>You have the whole matter in a +nutshell.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>She does not love me,</q> cried Agellius; <q>no, she +has given me no reason to think so. I am sure she +does not. She’s nothing to me. That cannot be the +reason of her conduct. <hi rend="italic">I</hi> have no power over her; <hi rend="italic">I</hi> +could not persuade her. What, what <hi rend="italic">does</hi> all this +mean? and I shut up here?</q> and he began walking +about the little room, as if such locomotion tended +to bring him out of it. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well,</q> answered Jucundus, <q>it is easy to ascertain. +I suppose you <hi rend="italic">could</hi> be let out to see her.</q> +</p> + +<p> +But he was going on too fast; Agellius did not +attend to him. <q>Poor, sweet Callista,</q> he exclaimed, +<q>she’s innocent, she’s innocent; I mean she’s not a +Christian. Ah!</q> he screamed out in great agony, +as the whole state of the case unrolled itself to his +apprehension, <q>she will die though not a Christian; +she will die without faith, without love; she will die +<pb n="253"/><anchor id="Pg253"/>in her sins. She will die, done to death by false +report of accepting that, by which alone she could +be carried safely through death unto life. O my +Lord, spare me!</q> and he sank upon the ground in +a collapse of misery. +</p> + +<p> +Jucundus was touched, and still more alarmed. +<q>Come, come, my boy,</q> he said, <q>you will rouse the +whole neighbourhood. Give over; be a man; all +will be right. If she’s not a Christian (and she’s +not), she shall not die a Christian’s death; something +will turn up. She’s not in any hole at all, but +in a decent lodging. And you shall see her, and +console her, and all will be right.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Yes, I will see her,</q> said Agellius, in a sort of +musing manner; <q>she is either a Christian, or she is +not. If she is a Christian ...</q> and his voice faltered; +<q>but if she is not, she shall live till she is.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well said!</q> answered Jucundus, <q><hi rend="italic">till</hi> she is. She +shall live <hi rend="italic">till</hi> she is. Yes, I can get you to see her. +You shall bring her out of prison; a smile, a whisper +from you, and all her fretfulness and ill-humour will +vanish, like a mist before the powerful burning sun. +And we shall all be as happy as the immortal gods.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>O my uncle!</q> said Agellius, gravely. The language +of Jucundus had shocked him, and brought +him to a better mind. He turned away from +Jucundus, and leant his face against the wall. Then +he turned round again, and said, <q>If she <hi rend="italic">is</hi> a Christian, +I ought to rejoice, and I do rejoice; God be +praised. If she is not a Christian, I ought at once to +<pb n="254"/><anchor id="Pg254"/>make her one. If she has already the penalty of a +Christian, she is surely destined for the privilege. +And how should I go,</q> he said, half speaking to himself, +<q>how should I go to tell her that she is not yet +a Christian, and bid her swear by Jupiter, because +that is her god, in order that she may escape imprisonment +and death? Am I to do the part of a +heathen priest or infidel sophist? O Cæcilius, how +am I forgetting your lessons! No; I will go on no +such errand. Go, I will, if I may, Jucundus, but I +will go on no conditions of yours. I go on no +promise to try to get her out of prison anyhow, +poor child. I will not go to make her sacrifice to a +false god; I go to persuade her to stay in prison, +by deserving to stay. Perhaps I am not the best +person to go; but if I go, I go free. I go willing to +die myself for my Lord; glad to make her die for +Him.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius said this in so determined a way, so +calmly, with such a grasp of the existing posture of +affairs, and of the whole circumstances of the case, +that it was now Jucundus’s turn to feel surprise and +annoyance. For a time he did not take in what Agellius +meant, nor could he to the last follow his train +of feeling. When he saw what may be called the +upshot of the matter, he became very angry, and +spoke with great violence. By degrees he calmed; +and then the strong feeling came on him again that +it was impossible, if a meeting took place between the +two, that it could end in any way but one. He defied +<pb n="255"/><anchor id="Pg255"/>any two young people who loved each other, to +come to any but one conclusion. Agellius’s mood +was too excited, <anchor id="corr255"/><corr sic="to">too</corr> tragic to last. The sight of Callista +in that dreadful prison, perhaps in chains, waiting, +in order to be free, for ability to say the words, +<q>I am not a Christian;</q> and that ability waiting for +the same words from himself, would bring the affair +to a very speedy issue. As if he could love a fancy +better than he loved Callista! Agellius, too, had +already expressed a misgiving himself on that head; +so far they were agreed. And, to tell the truth, it +was a very difficult transaction for a young man; and +giving our poor Agellius all credit for pure intention +and firm resolve, we really should have been very +sorry to see him involved in a trial, which would have +demanded of him a most heroic faith and the detachment +of a saint. We, therefore, are not sorry that in +matter of fact he gained the merit of so virtuous a +determination, without being called on to execute it. +For it so happened, that a most unexpected event +occurred to him not many hours afterwards, which +will oblige us to take up here rather abruptly the +history of one of our other personages. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXIII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="256"/><anchor id="Pg256"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXIII. Gurta"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXIII.</head> + +<head type="sub">GURTA.</head> + +<p> +In the bosom of the woods which stretched for many +miles from the immediate environs of Sicca, and +placed on a gravel slope reaching down to a brook, +which ran in a bottom close by, was a small, rude +hut, of a kind peculiar to Africa, and commonly +ascribed to the wandering tribes, who neither cared, +nor had leisure for a more stable habitation. Some +might have called it a tent, from the goat’s-hair cloth +with which it was covered; but it looked, as to shape, +like nothing else than an inverted boat, or the roof of +a house set upon the ground. Inside it was seen to +be constructed of the branches of trees, twisted +together or wattled, the interstices, or rather the +whole surface, being covered with clay. Being thus +stoutly built, lined, and covered, it was proof against +the tremendous rains, to which the climate, for which +it was made, was subject. Along the centre ridge or +backbone, which varied <anchor id="corr256"/><corr sic="n">in</corr> height from six to ten feet +from the ground, it was supported by three posts or +pillars; at one end it rose conically to an open aperture, +which served for chimney, for sky-light, and for +ventilator. Hooks were suspended from the roof for +<pb n="257"/><anchor id="Pg257"/>baskets, articles of clothing, weapons, and implements +of various kinds; and a second cone, excavated in the +ground with the vertex downward, served as a storehouse +for grain. The door was so low, that an ordinary +person must bend double to pass through it. +</p> + +<p> +However, it was in the winter months only, when +the rains were profuse, that the owner of this respectable +mansion condescended to creep into it. In summer +she had a drawing-room, as it may be called, of +nature’s own creation, in which she lived, and in one +quarter of which she had her lair. Close above the +hut was a high plot of level turf, surrounded by old +oaks, and fringed beneath with thick underwood. In +the centre of this green rose a yew-tree of primeval +character. Indeed, the whole forest spoke of the very +beginnings of the world, as if it had been the immediate +creation of that Voice which bade the earth +clothe itself with green life. But the place no longer +spoke exclusively of its Maker. Upon the trees hung +the emblems and objects of idolatry, and the turf was +traced with magical characters. Littered about were +human bones, horns of wild animals, wax figures, +spermaceti taken from vaults, large nails, to which +portions of flesh adhered, as if they had had to do +with malefactors, metal plates engraved with strange +characters, bottled blood, hair of young persons, and +old rags. The reader must not suppose any incantation +is about to follow, or that the place we are +describing will have a prominent place in what remains +of our tale; but even if it be the scene of only +<pb n="258"/><anchor id="Pg258"/>one conversation, and one event, there is no harm in +describing it, as it appeared on that occasion. +</p> + +<p> +The old crone, who was seated in this bower of +delight, had an expression of countenance in keeping, +not with the place, but with the furniture with +which it was adorned; that furniture told her trade. +Whether the root of superstition might be traced +deeper still, and the woman and her traps were really +and directly connected with the powers beneath the +earth, it is impossible to determine; it is certain she +had the will, it is certain that that will was from +their inspiration; nay, it is certain that she thought +she really possessed the communications which she +desired; it is certain, too, she so far deceived herself +as to fancy that what she learned by mere natural +means came to her from a diabolical source. She +kept up an active correspondence with Sicca. She +was consulted by numbers; she was up with the +public news, the social gossip, and the private and +secret transactions of the hour; and had, before now, +even interfered in matters of state, and had been +courted by rival political parties. But in the high +cares and occupations of this interesting person, we +are not here concerned; but with a conversation +which took place between her and Juba, about the +same hour of the evening as that of Cæcilius’s escape, +but on the day after it, while the sun was gleaming +almost horizontally through the tall trunks of the +trees of the forest. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, my precious boy,</q> said the old woman, +<pb n="259"/><anchor id="Pg259"/><q>the choicest gifts of great Cham be your portion! +You had excellent sport yesterday, I’ll warrant. The +rats squeaked, eh? and you beat the life out of them. +That scoundrel sacristan, I suppose, has taken up his +quarters below.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You may say it,</q> answered Juba. <q>The reptile! +he turned right about, and would have made himself +an honest fellow, when it couldn’t be helped.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Good, good!</q> returned Gurta, as if she had got +something very pleasant in her mouth; <q>ah! that is +good! but he did not escape on that score, I do +trust.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>They pulled him to pieces all the more cheerfully,</q> +said Juba. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Pulled him to pieces, limb by limb, joint by joint, +eh?</q> answered Gurta. <q>Did they skin him?—did +they do anything to his eyes, or his tongue? Anyhow, +it was too quickly, Juba. Slowly, leisurely, +gradually. Yes, it’s like a glutton to be quick about +it. Taste him, handle him, play with him,—that’s +luxury! but to bolt him,—faugh!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Cæso’s slave made a good end,</q> said Juba: <q>he +stood up for his views, and died like a man.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The gods smite him! but he has gone up—up:</q> +and she laughed. <q>Up to what they call bliss and +glory;—such glory! but he’s out of our domain, you +know. But he did not die easy?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The boys worried him a good deal,</q> answered +Juba: <q>but it’s not quite in my line, mother, all this. +I think you drink a pint of blood morning and +even<pb n="260"/><anchor id="Pg260"/>ing, and thrive on it, old woman. It makes you +merry; but it’s too much for my stomach.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ha, ha, my boy!</q> cried Gurta; <q>you’ll improve +in time, though you make wry faces, now that you’re +young. Well, and have you brought me any news +from the capitol? Is any one getting a rise in the +world, or a downfall? How blows the wind? Are +there changes in the camp? This Decius, I suspect, +will not last long.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>They all seem desperately frightened,</q> said Juba, +<q>lest they should not smite your friends hard enough, +Gurta. Root and branch is the word. They’ll have +to make a few Christians for the occasion, in order to +kill them: and I almost think they’re about it,</q> he +added, thoughtfully. <q>They have to show that they +are not surpassed by the rabble. ’Tis a pity Christians +are so few, isn’t it, mother?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Yes, yes,</q> she said, <q>but we must crush them, grind +them, many or few: and we shall, we shall! Callista’s +to come.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I don’t see they are worse than other people,</q> +said Juba; <q>not at all, except that they are commonly +sneaks. If Callista turns, why should not I +turn too, mother, to keep her company, and keep +your hand in?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>No, no, my boy,</q> returned the witch, <q>you must +serve <hi rend="italic">my</hi> master. You are having your fling just now, +but you will buckle to in good time. You must one +day take some work with my merry men. Come here, +child,</q> said the fond mother, <q>and let me kiss you.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="261"/><anchor id="Pg261"/> + +<p> +<q>Keep your kisses for your monkeys and goats +and cats,</q> answered Juba; <q>they’re not to my taste, +old dame. Master! my master! I won’t have a +master! I’ll be nobody’s servant. I’ll never stand to +be hired, nor cringe to a bully, nor quake before a rod. +Please yourself, Gurta; I am a free man. You’re my +mother by courtesy only.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Gurta looked at him savagely. <q>Why, you’re not +going to be pious and virtuous, Juba? A choice saint +you’ll make! You shall be drawn for a picture.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Why shouldn’t I, if I choose?</q> said Juba. <q>If I +must take service, willy nilly, I’d any day prefer the +other’s to that of your friend. I’ve not left the +master to take the man.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Blaspheme not the great gods,</q> she answered, <q>or +they’ll do you a mischief yet.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I say again,</q> insisted Juba, <q>if I must lick the +earth, it shall not be where your friend has trod. +It shall be in my brother’s fashion, rather than in +yours, Gurta.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Agellius!</q> she shrieked out with such disgust, that +it is wonderful she uttered the name at all. <q>Ah! you +have not told me about him, boy. Well, is he safe in +the pit, or in the stomach of an hyena?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>He’s alive,</q> said Juba; <q>but he has not got it in +him to be a Christian. Yes, he’s safe with his uncle.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah! Jucundus must ruin him, debauch him, and +then we must make away with him. We must not +be in a hurry,</q> said Gurta, <q>it must be body and +soul.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="262"/><anchor id="Pg262"/> + +<p> +<q>No one shall touch him, craven as he is,</q> answered +Juba. <q>I despise him, but let him alone.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Don’t come across me,</q> said Gurta, sullenly; <q>I’ll +have my way. Why, you know I could smite you to +the dust, as well as him, if I chose.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>But you have not asked me about Callista,</q> +answered Juba. <q>It is really a capital joke, but she +has got into prison for certain, for being a Christian. +Fancy it! they caught her in the streets, and put her +in the guard-house, and have had her up for examination. +You see they want a Christian for the nonce: +it would not do to have none such in prison; so they +will flourish with her till Decius bolts from the +scene.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The Furies have her!</q> cried Gurta: <q>she <hi rend="italic">is</hi> a +Christian, my boy: I told you so, long ago!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Callista a Christian!</q> answered Juba, <q>ha! ha! +She and Agellius are going to make a match of it, of +some sort or other. They’re thinking of other things +than paradise.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>She and the old priest, more likely, more likely,</q> +said Gurta. <q>He’s in prison with her—in the pit, as I +trust.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Your master has cheated you for once, old woman,</q> +said Juba. +</p> + +<p> +Gurta looked at him fiercely, and seemed waiting for +his explanation. He began singing,— +</p> + +<lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">She wheedled and coaxed, but he was no fool;</q></l> +<l>He’d be his own master, he’d not be her tool;</l> +<l>Not the little black moor should send him to school.</l> +</lg> + +<pb n="263"/><anchor id="Pg263"/> + +<lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">She foamed and she cursed—’twas the same thing to him;</q></l> +<l>She laid well her trap; but he carried his whim;—</l> +<l><q rend="pre: none">The priest scuffled off, safe in life and in limb.</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +Gurta was almost suffocated with passion. <q>Cyprianus +has not escaped, boy?</q> she asked at length. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I got him off,</q> said Juba, undauntedly. +</p> + +<p> +A shade, as of Erebus, passed over the witch’s face; +but she remained quite silent. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Mother, I am my own master,</q> he continued, <q>I +must break your assumption of superiority. I’m not +a boy, though you call me so. I’ll have my own +way. Yes, I saved Cyprianus. You’re a bloodthirsty +old hag! Yes, <hi rend="italic">I’ve</hi> seen your secret doings. Did +not I catch you the other day, practising on that little +child? You had nailed him up by hands and feet +against the tree, and were cutting him to pieces at +your leisure, as he quivered and shrieked the while. +You were examining or using his liver for some of +your black purposes. It’s not in my line; but you +gloated over it; and when he wailed, you wailed in +mimicry. You were panting with pleasure.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Gurta was still silent, and had an expression on her +face, awful from the intensity of its malignity. She +had uttered a low piercing whistle. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Yes!</q> continued Juba, <q>you revelled in it. You +chattered to the poor babe when it screamed, as a +nurse to an infant. You called it pretty names, and +squeaked out your satisfaction each time you stuck +it. You old hag! I’m not of your breed, though +they call us of kin. <hi rend="italic">I</hi> don’t fear you,</q> he <anchor id="corr263"/><corr sic="said.">said,</corr> +<pb n="264"/><anchor id="Pg264"/>observing the expression of her countenance, <q>I don’t +fear the immortal devil!</q> And he continued his +song— +</p> + +<lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">She beckoned the moon, and the moon came down;</q></l> +<l>The green earth shrivelled beneath her frown;</l> +<l><q rend="pre: none">But a man’s strong will can keep his own.</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +While he was talking and singing, her call had +been answered from the hut. An animal of some +wonderful species had crept out of it, and proceeded +to creep and crawl, moeing and twisting as it went, +along the trees and shrubs which rounded the grass +plot. When it came up to the old woman, it crouched +at her feet, and then rose up upon its hind legs and +begged. She took hold of the uncouth beast and +began to fondle it in her arms, muttering something +in its ear. At length, when Juba stopped for a moment +in his song, she suddenly flung it right at him, +with great force, saying, <q>Take that!</q> She then +gave utterance to a low inward laugh, and leaned herself +back against the trunk of the tree upon which +she was sitting, with her knees drawn up almost to her +chin. +</p> + +<p> +The blow seemed to act on Juba as a shock on his +nervous system, both from its violence and its strangeness. +He stood still for a moment, and then, without +saying a word, he turned away, and walked slowly down +the hill, as if in a maze. Then he sat down.... +</p> + +<p> +In an instant up he started again with a great cry, +and began running at the top of his speed. He +thought he heard a voice speaking in him; and, +how<pb n="265"/><anchor id="Pg265"/>ever fast he ran, the voice, or whatever it was, kept +up with him. He rushed through the underwood, +trampling and crushing it under his feet, and scaring +the birds and small game which lodged there. At +last, exhausted, he stood still for breath, when he +heard it say loudly and deeply, as if speaking with +his own organs, <q>You cannot escape from yourself!</q> +Then a terror seized him; he fell down and fainted +away. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXIV" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="266"/><anchor id="Pg266"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXIV. A mother's blessing"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXIV.</head> + +<head type="sub">A MOTHER’S BLESSING.</head> + +<p> +When his senses returned, his first impression was +of something in him not himself. He felt it in his +breathing; he tasted it in his mouth. The brook +which ran by Gurta’s encampment had by this time +become a streamlet, though still shallow. He plunged +into it; a feeling came upon him as if he ought to +drown himself, had it been deeper. He rolled about +in it, in spite of its flinty and rocky bed. When he +came out of it, his tunic sticking to him, he tore it off +his shoulders, and let it hang round his girdle in +shreds, as it might. The shock of the water, however, +acted as a sedative upon him, and the coolness +of the night refreshed him. He walked on for a +while in silence. +</p> + +<p> +Suddenly the power within him began uttering, by +means of his organs of speech, the most fearful blasphemies, +words embodying conceptions which, had +they come into his mind, he might indeed have borne +with patience before this, or uttered in bravado, but +which now filled him with inexpressible loathing, and +a terror to which he had hitherto been quite a +stranger. He had always in his heart believed in a +God, but he now believed with a reality and intensity +<pb n="267"/><anchor id="Pg267"/>utterly new to him. He felt it as if he saw Him; he +felt there was a world of good and evil beings. He +did not love the good, or hate the evil; but he shrank +from the one, and he was terrified at the other; and +he felt himself carried away, against his will, as the +prey of some dreadful, mysterious power, which +tyrannised over him. +</p> + +<p> +The day had closed—the moon had risen. He +plunged into the thickest wood, and the trees seemed +to him to make way for him. Still they seemed to +moan and to creak as they moved out of their place. +Soon he began to see that they were looking at him, +and exulting over his misery. They, of an inferior +nature, had had no gift which they could abuse and +lose; and they remained in that honour and perfection +in which they were created. Birds of the night flew +out of them, reptiles slunk away; yet soon he +began to be surrounded, wherever he went, by a circle +of owls, bats, ravens, crows, snakes, wild cats, and +apes, which were always looking at him, but somehow +made way, retreating before him, and yet forming +again, and in order, as he marched along. +</p> + +<p> +He had passed through the wing of the forest +which he had entered, and penetrated into the more +mountainous country. He ascended the heights; +he was a taller, stronger man than he had been; +he went forward with a preternatural vigour, and +flourished his arms with the excitement of some +vinous or gaseous intoxication. He heard the roar +of the wild beasts echoed along the woody ravines +<pb n="268"/><anchor id="Pg268"/>which were cut into the solid mountain rock, with a +reckless feeling, as if he could cope with them. As +he passed the dens of the lion, leopard, hyena, jackal, +wild boar, and wolf, there he saw them sitting at the +entrance, or stopping suddenly as they prowled along, +and eyeing him, but not daring to approach. He +strode along from rock to rock, and over precipices, +with the certainty and ease of some giant in Eastern +fable. Suddenly a beast of prey came across him; +in a moment he had torn up by the roots the stump +of a wild vine plant, which was near him; had thrown +himself upon his foe before it could act on the aggressive, +had flung it upon its back, forced the weapon +into its mouth, and was stamping on its chest. He +knocked the life out of the furious animal; and crying +<q>Take that,</q> tore its flesh, and, applying his +mouth to the wound, sucked a draught of its blood. +</p> + +<p> +He has passed over the mountain, and has descended +its side. Bristling shrubs, swamps, precipitous banks, +rushing torrents, are no obstacle to his course. He +has reached the brow of a hill, with a deep placid +river at the foot of it, just as the dawn begins to break. +It is a lovely prospect, which every step he takes is +becoming more definite and more various in the daylight. +Masses of oleander, of great beauty, with their +red blossoms, fringed the river, and tracked out its +course into the distance. The bank of the hill below +him, and on the right and left, was a maze of fruit-trees, +about which nature, if it were not the hand of +man, had had no thought except that they should be +<pb n="269"/><anchor id="Pg269"/>all together there. The wild olive, the pomegranate, +the citron, the date, the mulberry, the peach, the +apple, and the walnut, formed a sort of spontaneous +orchard. Across the water, groves of palm-trees +waved their long and graceful branches in the morning +breeze. The stately and solemn ilex, marshalled +into long avenues, showed the way to substantial +granges or luxurious villas. The green turf or grass +was spread out beneath, and here and there flocks +and herds were emerging out of the twilight, and +growing distinct upon the eye. Elsewhere the ground +rose up into sudden eminences crowned with chesnut +woods, or with plantations of cedar and acacia, or +wildernesses of the cork-tree, the turpentine, the +carooba, the white poplar, and the Phenician juniper, +while overhead ascended the clinging tendrils of the +hop, and an underwood of myrtle clothed their stems +and roots. A profusion of wild flowers carpeted the +ground far and near. +</p> + +<p> +Juba stood and gazed till the sun rose opposite to +him, envying, repining, hating, like Satan looking in +upon Paradise. The wild mountains, or the locust-smitten +track would have better suited the tumult of +his mind. It would have been a relief to him to have +retreated from so fair a scene, and to have retraced +his steps, but he was not his own master, and was +hurried on. Sorely against his determined strong +resolve and will, crying out and protesting and +shuddering, the youth was forced along into the fulness +of beauty and blessing with which he was so +<pb n="270"/><anchor id="Pg270"/>little in tune. With rage and terror he recognised +that he had no part in his own movements, but was a +mere slave. In spite of himself he must go forward +and behold a peace and sweetness which witnessed +against him. He dashed down through the thick +grass, plunged into the water, and without rest or +respite began a second course of aimless toil and +travail through the day. +</p> + +<p> +The savage dogs of the villages howled and fled +from him as he passed by; beasts of burden, on their +way to market, which he overtook or met, stood still, +foamed and trembled; the bright birds, the blue jay +and golden oriole, hid themselves under the leaves +and grass; the storks, a religious and domestic bird, +stopped their sharp clattering note from the high tree +or farmhouse turret, where they had placed their +nests; the very reptiles skulked away from his +shadow, as if it were poisonous. The boors who were +at their labour in the fields suspended it, to look at +one whom the Furies were lashing and whirling on. +Hour passed after hour, the sun attained its zenith, +and then declined, but this dreadful compulsory race +continued. Oh, what would he have given for one five +minutes of oblivion, of slumber, of relief from the +burning thirst which now consumed him! but the +master within him ruled his muscles and his joints, +and the intense pain of weariness had no concomitant +prostration of strength. Suddenly he began to +laugh hideously; and he went forward dancing and +singing loud, and playing antics. He entered a +<pb n="271"/><anchor id="Pg271"/>hovel, made faces at the children, till one of them fell +into convulsions, and he ran away with another; and +when some country people pursued him, he flung the +child in their faces, saying, <q>Take that,</q> and said he +was Pentheus, king of Thebes, of whom he had never +heard, about to solemnise the orgies of Bacchus, and +he began to spout a chorus of Greek, a language he +had never learnt or heard spoken. +</p> + +<p> +Now it is evening again, and he has come up to a +village grove, where the rustics were holding a feast +in honour of Pan. The hideous brutal god, with yawning +mouth, horned head, and goat’s feet, was placed +in a rude shed, and a slaughtered lamb, decked +with flowers, lay at his feet. The peasants were +frisking before him, boys and women, when they were +startled by the sight of a gaunt, wild, mysterious +figure, which began to dance too. He flung and +capered about with such vigour that they ceased +their sport to look on, half with awe and half as a +diversion. Suddenly he began to groan and to +shriek, as if contending with himself, and willing and +not willing some new act; and the struggle ended in +his falling on his hands and knees, and crawling like +a quadruped towards the idol. When he got near, +his attitude was still more servile; still groaning and +shuddering, he laid himself flat on the ground, and +wriggled to the idol as a worm, and lapped up with +his tongue the mingled blood and dust which lay +about the sacrifice. And then again, as if nature had +successfully asserted her own dignity, he jumped up +<pb n="272"/><anchor id="Pg272"/>high in the air, and, falling on the god, broke him to +pieces, and scampered away out of pursuit, before the +lookers-on recovered from their surprise. +</p> + +<p> +Another restless, fearful night amid the open +country; ... but it seemed as if the worst had +passed, and, though still under the heavy chastisement +of his pride, there was now more in Juba of human +action and of effectual will. The day broke, and he +found himself on the road to Sicca. The beautiful outline +of the city was right before him. He passed his +brother’s cottage and garden; it was a wreck. The +trees torn up, the fences broken down, and the room +pillaged of the little that could be found there. He +went on to the city, crying out <q>Agellius;</q> the gate was +open, and he entered. He went on to the Forum; he +crossed to the house of Jucundus; few people as yet +were stirring in the place. He looked up at the wall. +Suddenly, by the help of projections, and other irregularities +of the brickwork, he mounted up upon the +flat roof, and dropped down along the tiles, through +the <hi rend="italic">impluvium</hi> into the middle of the house. He +went softly into Agellius’s closet, where he was +asleep, he roused him with the name of Callista, +threw his tunic upon him, which was by his side, put +his boots into his hands, and silently beckoned him +to follow him. When he hesitated, he still whispered +to him <q>Callista,</q> and at length seized him and led him +on. He unbarred the street door, and with a movement +of his arm, more like a blow than a farewell, +thrust him into the street. Then he barred again the +<pb n="273"/><anchor id="Pg273"/>door upon him, and lay down himself upon the bed +which Agellius had left. His good Angel, we may +suppose, had gained a point in his favour, for he lay +quiet, and fell into a heavy sleep. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXV" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="274"/><anchor id="Pg274"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXV. Callista in durance"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXV.</head> + +<head type="sub">CALLISTA IN DURANCE.</head> + +<p> +We will hope that the reader, as well as Agellius, is +attracted by the word Callista, and wishes to know +something about her fate; nay, perhaps finds fault +with us as having suffered him so long to content +himself with the chance and second-hand information +which Jucundus or Juba has supplied. If we have +been wanting in due consideration for him, we now +trust to make up for it. +</p> + +<p> +When Callista, then, had so boldly left the cottage +to stop the intruders, she had in one important point +reckoned without her host. She spoke Latin fluently, +herself, and could converse with the townspeople, +most of whom could do the same; but it was otherwise +with the inhabitants of the country, numbers of +whom, as we have said, were in Sicca on the day of +the outbreak. The two fellows, whom she went out +to withstand, knew neither her nor the Latin tongue. +They were of a race which called itself Canaanite, +and really was so; huge, gigantic men, who looked +like the sons of Enac, described in Holy Writ. They +knew nothing of roads or fences, and had scrambled +up the hill as they could, the shortest way, and, +<pb n="275"/><anchor id="Pg275"/>being free from the crowd, with far more expedition +than had they followed the beaten track. She and they +could not understand each other’s speech; but her +appearance spoke for her, and, in consequence, they +seized on her as their share of the booty, and without +more ado, carried her off towards Sicca. As they +came up by a route of their own, so they returned, and +entered the city by a gate more to the south, not the +Septimian; a happy circumstance, as otherwise she +would have stood every chance of being destroyed in +that wholesale massacre which the soldiery inflicted on +the crowd as it returned. +</p> + +<p> +These giants, then, got possession of Callista, and +she entered Sicca upon the shoulder of one of them, +who danced in with no greater inconvenience than if +he was carrying on it a basket of flowers, or a box of +millinery. Here the party met with the city police, +who were stationed at the gate. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Down with your live luggage, you rascals,</q> they +said, in their harsh Punic; <q>what have you to do with +plunder of this kind? and how came you by her?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>She’s one of those Christian rats, your worship,</q> +answered the fellow, who, strong as he was, did not +relish a contest with some dozen of armed men. +<q>Long live the Emperor! We’ll teach her to eat +asses’ heads another time, and brew fevers. I found +her with a party of Christians. She’s nothing but a +witch, and she knows the consequences.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Let her go, you drunken animal!</q> said the constable, +still keeping his distance. <q>I’ll never believe +<pb n="276"/><anchor id="Pg276"/>any woman is a Christian, let alone so young a one. +And now I look at her, so far as I can see by this light, +I think she’s priestess of one of the great temples up +there.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>She can turn herself into anything,</q> said the +other of her capturers, <q>young or old. I saw her one +night near Madaura, a month ago, in the tombs in the +shape of a black cat.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Away with you both, in the name of the Suffetes +of Sicca and all the magistracy!</q> cried the official. +<q>Give up your prisoner to the authorities of the place, +and let the law take its course.</q> +</p> + +<p> +But the Canaanites did not seem disposed to give +her up, and neither party liking to attack the other, +a compromise took place. <q>Well,</q> said the guardian +of the night, <q>the law must be vindicated, and the +peace preserved. My friends, you must submit to +the magistrates. But since she happens to be on +your shoulder, my man, let her even remain there, +and we depute you, as a beast of burden, to carry +her for us, thereby to save us the trouble. Here, +child,</q> he continued, <q>you’re our prisoner; so you +shall plead your own cause in the <hi rend="italic">popina</hi> there. Long +live Decius, pious and fortunate! Long live this +ancient city, colony and municipium! Cheer up, my +lass, and sing us a stave or two, as we go; for I’ll +pledge a <hi rend="italic">cyathus</hi> of unmixed, that, if you choose, you +can warble notes as sweet as the manna gum.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista was silent, but she was perfectly collected, +and ready to avail herself of any opportunity to +<pb n="277"/><anchor id="Pg277"/>better her condition. They went on towards the +Forum, where a police-office, as we now speak, was +situated, but did not reach it without an adventure. +The Roman military force at Sicca was not more +than a century of men; the greater number were at +this moment at the great gate, waiting for the mob; +a few, in parties of three and four, were patrolling the +city. Several of these were at the entrance of the +Forum when the party came up to it; and it happened +that a superior officer, who was an assistant to +what may be called the military resident of the place, +a young man, on whom much of the duty of the day +had devolved, was with the soldiers. She had known +him as a friend of her brother’s, and recognised him +in the gloom, and at once took advantage of the +meeting. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Help,</q> she said, <q>gentlemen! help, Calphurnius! +these rascals are carrying me off to some den of their +own.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The tribune at once knew her voice. <q>What!</q> he +cried, with great astonishment, <q>what, my pretty +Greek! You most base, infamous, and unmannerly +scoundrels, down with her this instant! What have +you to do with that young lady? You villains, unless +you would have me crack your African skulls with +the hilt of my sword, down with her, I say!</q> +</p> + +<p> +There was no resisting a Roman voice, but prompt +obedience is a rarity, and the ruffians began to parley. +<q>My noble master,</q> said the constable, <q>she’s +our prisoner. Jove preserve you, and Bacchus and +<pb n="278"/><anchor id="Pg278"/>Ceres bless you, my lord tribune! and long life to the +Emperor Decius in these bad times. But she is a +rioter, my lord, one of the ringleaders, and a Christian +and a witch to boot.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Cease your vile gutturals, you animal!</q> cried the +officer, <q>or I will ram them down your throat with +my pike to digest them. Put down the lady, beast. +Are you thinking twice about <anchor id="corr278"/><corr sic="it.">it?</corr> Go, Lucius,</q> he +said to a private, <q>kick him away, and bring the +woman here.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista was surrendered, but the fellow, sullen at the +usage he had met with, and spiteful against Calphurnius, +as the cause of it, cried out maliciously, <q>Mind +what you are at, noble sir, it’s not our affair; you can +fry your own garlic. But an Emperor is an Emperor, +and an Edict is an Edict, and a Christian is a Christian; +and I don’t know what high places will say to +it, but it’s your affair. Take notice,</q> he continued, +as he got to a safer distance, raising his voice still +higher, that the soldiers might hear, <q>yon girl is a +Christian priestess, caught in a Christian assembly, +sacrificing asses and eating children for the overthrow +of the Emperor, and the ruin of his loyal city of Sicca, +and I have been interrupted in the discharge of my +duty—I, a constable of the place. See whether Calphurnius +will not bring again upon us the plague, the +murrain, the locusts, and all manner of <hi rend="italic">larvæ</hi> and +<hi rend="italic">maniæ</hi> before the end of the story.</q> +</p> + +<p> +This speech perplexed Calphurnius, as it was intended. +It was impossible he could dispose of +Cal<pb n="279"/><anchor id="Pg279"/>lista as he wished, with such a charge formally uttered +in the presence of his men. He knew how serious +the question of Christianity was at that moment, and +how determined the Imperial Government was on the +eradication of its professors; he was a good soldier, +devoted to head-quarters, and had no wish to compromise +himself with his superiors, or to give bystanders +an advantage over him, by setting a prisoner +at liberty without inquiry, who had been taken in a +Christian’s house. He muttered an oath, and said to +the soldiers, <q>Well, my lads, to the Triumviri with +her, since it must be so. Cheer up, my star of the +morning, bright beam of Hellas, it is only as a matter +of form, and you will be set at liberty as soon as they +look on you.</q> And with these words he led the way +to the <hi rend="italic">Officium</hi>. +</p> + +<p> +But the presiding genius of the <hi rend="italic">Officium</hi> was less +accommodating than he had anticipated. It might be +that he was jealous of the soldiery, or of their particular +interference, or indignant at the butchery at the great +gate, of which the news had just come, or out of +humour with the day’s work, and especially with the +Christians; at any rate, Calphurnius found he had +better have taken a bolder step, and have carried her +as a prisoner to the camp. However, nothing was +now left for him but to depart; and Callista fell +again into the hands of the city, though of the superior +functionaries, who procured her a lodging for the +night, and settled to bring her up for examination +next morning. +</p> + +<pb n="280"/><anchor id="Pg280"/> + +<p> +The morning came, and she was had up. What +passed did not transpire; but the issue was that she +was remanded for a further hearing, and was told she +might send to her brother, and acquaint him where +she was. He was allowed one interview with her, and +he came away almost out of his senses, saying she was +bewitched, and fancied herself a Christian. What +precisely she had said to him, which gave this impression, +he could hardly say; but it was plain there must +be something wrong, or there would not be that public +process and formal examination which was fixed for +the third day afterwards. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXVI" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="281"/><anchor id="Pg281"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXVI. What can it all mean?"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXVI.</head> + +<head type="sub">WHAT CAN IT ALL MEAN?</head> + +<p> +Were the origin of Juba’s madness (or whatever the +world would call it) of a character which admitted of +light writing about it, much might be said on the +surprise of the clear-headed, narrow-minded, positive, +and easy-going Jucundus, when he found one nephew +substituted for another, and had to give over his +wonder at Agellius, in order to commence a series of +acts of amazement and consternation at Juba. He +summoned Jupiter and Juno, Bacchus, Ceres, Pomona, +Neptune, Mercury, Minerva, and great Rome, to +witness the marvellous occurrence; and then he had +recourse to the infernal gods, Pluto and Proserpine, +down to Cerberus, if he be one of them; but, after all, +there the portent was, in spite of all the deities which +Olympus, or Arcadia, or Latium ever bred; and at +length it had a nervous effect upon the old gentleman’s +system, and, for the first evening after it, he put +all his good things from him, and went to bed supperless +and songless. What had been Juba’s motive in +the exploit which so unpleasantly affected his uncle, +it is of course quite impossible to say. Whether his +mention of Callista’s name was intended to be for the +<pb n="282"/><anchor id="Pg282"/>benefit of her soul, or the ruin of Agellius’s, must be +left in the obscurity in which the above narrative presents +it to us; so far alone is certain, though it does +not seem to throw light on the question, that, on his +leaving his uncle’s house in the course of the forenoon, +which he did, without being pressed to stay, he was +discovered prancing and gesticulating in the neighbourhood +of Callista’s prison, so as to excite the attention +of the <hi rend="italic">apparitor</hi>, or constable, who guarded +the entrance, and who, alarmed at his wildness, sent +for some of his fellows, and, with their assistance, +repelled the intruder, who, thereupon, scudding out at +the eastern gate, was soon lost in the passes of the +mountain. +</p> + +<p> +To one thing, however, we may pledge ourselves, +that Juba had no intention of shaking, even for one +evening, the nerves of Jucundus; yet shaken they were +till about the same time twenty-four hours afterwards. +And when in that depressed state, he saw nothing but +misery on all sides of him. Juba was lost; Agellius +worse. Of course, he had joined himself to his sect, +and he should never see him again; and how should +he ever hold up his head? Well, he only hoped +Agellius would not be boiled in a caldron, or roasted +at a slow fire. If this were done, he positively must +leave Sicca, and the most thriving trade which any +man had in the whole of the Proconsulate. And then +that little Callista! Ah!—what a real calamity was +there! Anyhow he had lost her, and what should he +do for a finisher of his fine work in marble, or metal? +<pb n="283"/><anchor id="Pg283"/>She was a treasure in herself. Altogether the heavens +were very dark; and it was scarcely possible for any +one who knew well his jovial cast of countenance, to +keep from laughing, whatever his real sympathy, at +the unusual length and blankness which were suddenly +imposed upon it. +</p> + +<p> +While he sat thus at his shop window, which, as it +were, framed him for the contemplation of passers-by, +on the day of the escape of Agellius, and the day before +Callista’s public examination, Aristo rushed in upon +him in a state of far more passionate and more reasonable +grief. He had called, indeed, the day before, but +he found a pleasure in expending his distress upon +others, and he came again to get rid of its insupportable +weight by discharging it in a torrent of tears and +exclamations. However, at first the words of both +<q>moved slow,</q> as the poet says, and went off in a sort +of dropping fire. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well,</q> said Jucundus, in a depressed tone; <q>he’s +not come to <hi rend="italic">you</hi>, of course?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Who?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Agellius.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Oh! Agellius! No, he’s not with me.</q> Then, +after a pause, Aristo added, <q>Why should he be?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Oh, I don’t know. I thought he might be. He’s +been gone since early morning.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Indeed! No, I don’t know where he is. How +came he with you?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I told you yesterday; but you have forgotten. +I was sheltering him; but he’s gone for ever.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="284"/><anchor id="Pg284"/> + +<p> +<q>Indeed!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>And his brother’s mad!—horribly mad!</q> and he +slapped his hand against his thigh. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I always thought it,</q> answered Aristo. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Did you? Yes, so it is; but it’s very different +from what it ever was. The furies have got hold of +him with a vengeance! He’s frantic! Oh, if you had +seen him! Two boys, both mad! It’s all the father!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I thought you’d like to hear something about +dear, sweet Callista,</q> said her brother. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Yes, I should indeed!</q> answered Jucundus. <q>By +Esculapius! they’re all mad together!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, it is like madness!</q> cried Aristo, with great +vehemence. +</p> + +<p> +<q>The world’s going mad!</q> answered Jucundus, +who was picking up, since he began to talk, an exercise +which was decidedly good for him. <q>We are <hi rend="italic">all</hi> +going mad! <hi rend="italic">I</hi> shall get crazed. The townspeople are +crazed already. What an abominable, brutal piece of +business was that three days ago! I put up my shutters. +Did it come near you?—all on account of one +or two beggarly Christians, and my poor boy. What +harm could two or three, toads and vipers though they +be, do here? They might have been trodden down +easily. It’s another thing at Carthage. Catch the +ringleaders, I say; make examples. The foxes escape, +and our poor ganders suffer!</q> +</p> + +<p> +Aristo, pierced with his own misery, had no heart +or head to enter into the semi-political ideas of +Jucundus, who continued,— +</p> + +<pb n="285"/><anchor id="Pg285"/> + +<p> +<q>Yes, it’s no good. The empire’s coming to pieces, +mark my words! I told you so, if those beasts were +let alone. They <hi rend="italic">have</hi> been let alone. Remedies are +too late. Decius will do no good. No one’s safe! +Farewell, my friends! I am going. Like poor dear +Callista, I shall be in prison, and, like her, find myself +dumb!... Ah! yes, Callista; how did you find +her?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>O dear, sweet, suffering girl!</q> cried her brother. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Yes, indeed!</q> answered Jucundus; <q>yes!</q> meditatively. +<q>She <hi rend="italic">is</hi> a dear, sweet, suffering girl! I +thought he might perhaps have taken her off—that +was my hope. He was so set upon hearing where +she was, whether she could be got out. It struck me +he had made the best of his way to <hi rend="italic">her</hi>. She could +do anything with him. And she loved him, she did!—I’m +convinced of it!—nothing shall convince me +otherwise! <q>Bring them together,</q> I said, <q>and they +will rush into each other’s arms.</q> But they’re +bewitched!—The whole world’s bewitched! Mark +my words,—I have an idea who is at the bottom of +this.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Oh!</q> groaned out Aristo; <q>I care not for top or +bottom!—I care not for the whole world, or for anything +at all but Callista! If you could have seen the +dear, patient sufferer!</q> and the poor fellow burst into +a flood of tears. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Bear up! bear up!</q> said Jucundus, who by this +time was considerably better; <q>show yourself a man, +my dear Aristo. These things must be;—they are +<pb n="286"/><anchor id="Pg286"/>the lot of human nature. You remember what the +tragedian says: stay! no!—it’s the comedian,—it’s +Menander</q>—— +</p> + +<p> +<q>To Orcus and Erebus with all the tragedy and +comedy that ever was spouted!</q> exclaimed Aristo. +<q>Can you do nothing for me? Can’t you give me a +crumb of consolation or sympathy, encouragement or +suggestion? I am a stranger in the country, and so +is this dear sister of mine, whom I was so proud of; +and who has been so good, and kind, and gentle, and +sweet. She loved me so much, she never grudged +me anything; she let me do just what I would with +her. Come here, go there,—it was just as I would. +There we were, two orphans together, ten years since, +when I was double her age. She wished to stay in +Greece; but she came to this detestable Africa all for +me. She would be gay and bright when I would +have her so. She had no will of her own; and she +set her heart upon nothing, and was pleased anywhere. +She had not an enemy in the world. I protest +she is worth all the gods and goddesses that ever +were hatched! And here, in this ill-omened Africa, +the evil eye has looked at her, and she thinks herself +a Christian, when she is just as much a hippogriff, or +a chimæra.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, but, Aristo,</q> said Jucundus, <q>I was going to +tell you who is at the bottom of it all. Callista’s +mad; Agellius is mad; Juba is mad; and Strabo +was mad;—but it was his wife, old Gurta, that drove +him mad;—and there, I think, is the beginning of our +<pb n="287"/><anchor id="Pg287"/>troubles.——Come in! come in, Cornelius!</q> he cried, +seeing his Roman friend outside, and relapsing for the +moment into his lugubrious tone; <q>Come in, Cornelius, +and give us some comfort, if you can. Well, +this is like a friend! I know if you can help me, you +will.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Cornelius answered that he was going back to +Carthage in a day or two, and came to embrace him, +and had hoped to have a parting supper before he +went. +</p> + +<p> +<q>That’s kind!</q> answered Jucundus: <q>but first tell +me all about this dreadful affair; for you are in the +secrets of the Capitol. Have they any clue what has +become of my poor Agellius?</q> +</p> + +<p> +Cornelius had not heard of the young man’s +troubles, and was full of consternation at the +news. +</p> + +<p> +<q>What! Agellius really a Christian?</q> he said, +<q>and at such a moment? Why, I thought you +talked of some young lady who was to keep him in +order?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>She’s a Christian too,</q> replied Jucundus; and a +silence ensued. <q>It’s a bad world!</q> he continued. +<q>She’s imprisoned by the Triumviri. What will be +the end of it?</q> +</p> + +<p> +Cornelius shook his head, and looked mysterious. +</p> + +<p> +<q>You don’t mean it?</q> said Jucundus. <q>Not anything +so dreadful, I do trust, Cornelius. Not the +stake?</q> +</p> + +<p> +Cornelius still looked gloomy and pompous. +</p> + +<pb n="288"/><anchor id="Pg288"/> + +<p> +<q>Nothing in the way of torture?</q> he went on; +<q>not the rack, or the pitchfork?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>It’s a bad business, on your own showing,</q> said +Cornelius: <q>it’s a bad business!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Can you do nothing for us, Cornelius?</q> cried +Aristo. <q>The great people in Carthage are your +friends. O Cornelius! I’d do anything for you!—I’d +be your slave! She’s no more a Christian than +great Jove. She has nothing about her of the cut;—not +a shred of her garment, or a turn of her hair. +She’s a Greek from head to foot—within and without. +She’s as bright as the day! Ah! we have no +friends here. Dear Callista! you will be lost because +you are a foreigner!</q> and the passionate youth began +to tear his hair. <q>O Cornelius!</q> he continued, <q>if +you can do anything for us! Oh! she shall sing and +dance to you; she shall come and kneel down to you, +and embrace your knees, and kiss your feet, as I do, +Cornelius!</q> and he knelt down, and would have +taken hold of Cornelius’s beard. +</p> + +<p> +Cornelius had never been addressed with so poetical +a ceremonial, which nevertheless he received with +awkwardness indeed, but with satisfaction. <q>I hear +from you,</q> he said with pomposity, <q>that your sister +is in prison on suspicion of Christianity. The case is +a simple one. Let her swear by the genius of the +Emperor, and she is free; let her refuse it, and the +law must take its course,</q> and he made a slight bow. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, but she is under a delusion,</q> persisted +Aristo, <q>which cannot last long. She says distinctly +<pb n="289"/><anchor id="Pg289"/>that she is <hi rend="italic">not</hi> a Christian, is not that decisive? but +then she won’t burn incense; she won’t swear by +Rome. She tells me she does not <hi rend="italic">believe</hi> in Jupiter, +nor I; can anything be more senseless? It is the act +of a mad woman. I say, <q>My girl, the question is, +Are you to be brought to shame? are you to die by +the public sword? die in torments?</q> Oh, I shall go +mad as well as she!</q> he screamed out. <q>She was +so clever, so witty, so sprightly, so imaginative, so +versatile! why, there’s nothing she couldn’t do. She +could model, paint, play on the lyre, sing, act. She +could work with the needle, she could embroider. +She made this girdle for me. It’s all that Agellius, +it’s Agellius. I beg your pardon, Jucundus; but +it is;</q> and he threw himself on the ground, and rolled +in the dust. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I have been telling our young friend,</q> said +Jucundus to Cornelius, <q>to exert self-control, and to +recollect Menander, <q>Ne quid nimis.</q> Grieving does no +good; but these young fellows, it’s no use at all speaking +to them. Do you think you could do anything for +us, Cornelius?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Why,</q> answered Cornelius, <q>since I have been +here, I have fallen in with a very sensible man, and a +man of remarkably sound political opinions. He has +a great reputation, he is called Polemo, and is one of +the professors at the Mercury. He seems to me to +go to the root of these subjects, and I’m surprised +how well we agreed. He’s a Greek, as well as this +young gentleman’s sister. I should recommend him +<pb n="290"/><anchor id="Pg290"/>to go to Polemo; if any one could disabuse her mind, +it is he.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>True, true,</q> cried Aristo, starting up, <q>but, no, +<hi rend="italic">you</hi> can do it better; you have power with the +government. The Proconsul will listen to you. The +magistrates here are afraid of <hi rend="italic">him</hi>; <hi rend="italic">they</hi> don’t wish +to touch the poor girl, not they. But there’s such a +noise everywhere, and so much ill blood, and so many +spies and informers, and so much mistrust—but why +should it come upon <hi rend="italic">Callista</hi>? Why should <hi rend="italic">she</hi> be a +sacrifice? But you’d oblige the Duumvirs as much +as me in getting her out of the scrape. But what +good would it do, if they <hi rend="italic">took</hi> her dear life? Only +get us the respite of a month; the delusion would +vanish in a month. Get two months, if you can; or +as long as you can, you know. Perhaps they would +let us steal out of the country, and no one the wiser; +and no harm to any one. It was a bad job our coming +here.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>We know nothing at Rome of feelings and intentions, +and motives and distinctions,</q> said Cornelius; +<q>and we know nothing of understandings, connivances, +and evasions. We go by facts; Rome goes by facts. +The question is, What is the fact? Does she burn +incense, or does she not? Does she worship the ass, or +does she not? However, we’ll see what can be done.</q> +And so he went on, informing the pair of mourners +that, as far as his influence extended, he would do +something in behalf both of Agellius and Callista. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXVII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="291"/><anchor id="Pg291"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXVII. Am I a Christian?"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXVII.</head> + +<head type="sub">AM I A CHRISTIAN?</head> + +<p> +The sun had now descended for the last time before +the solemn day which was charged with the fate of +Callista, and what was the state of mind of one who +excited such keen interest in the narrow circle within +which she was known? And how does it differ from +what it was some weeks before, when Agellius last +saw her? She would have been unable to say herself. +<q>So is the kingdom of God: as if a man should cast +seed into the earth, and should sleep and rise night and +day, and the seed should spring and grow up, +whilst he knoweth not.</q> She might, indeed, have +been able afterwards, on looking back, to say many +things of herself; and she would have recognised that +while she was continually differing from herself, in +that she was changing, yet it was not a change which +involved contrariety, but one which expanded itself in +(as it were) concentric circles, and only fulfilled, as +time went on, the promise of its beginning. Every +day, as it came, was, so to say, the child of the preceding, +the parent of that which followed; and the +end to which she tended could not get beyond the +aim with which she set out. Yet, had she been asked, +<pb n="292"/><anchor id="Pg292"/>at the time of which we speak, where was her principle +and her consistency, what was her logic, or whether +she acted on reason, or on impulse, or on feeling, or +in fancy, or in passion, she would have been reduced +to silence. What did she know about herself, but +that, to her surprise, the more she thought over what +she heard of Christianity, the more she was drawn to +it, and the more it approved itself to her whole soul, +and the more it seemed to respond to all her needs +and aspirations, and the more intimate was her presentiment +that it was true? The longer it remained +on her mind as an object, the more it seemed (unlike +the mythology or the philosophy of her country, or +the political religion of Rome) to have an external +reality and substance, which deprived objections to it +of their power, and showed them to be at best but +difficulties and perplexities. +</p> + +<p> +But then again, if she had been asked, what was +Christianity, she would have been puzzled to give an +answer. She would have been able to mention some +particular truths which it taught, but neither to give +them their definite and distinct shape, nor to describe +the mode in which they were realised. She would have +said, <q>I believe what has been told me, as from +heaven, by Chione, Agellius, and Cæcilius:</q> and it +was clear she could say nothing else. What the three +told her in common and in concord was at once the +measure of her creed and the ground of her acceptance +of it. It was that wonderful unity of sentiment +and belief in persons so dissimilar from each other, so +<pb n="293"/><anchor id="Pg293"/>distinct in their circumstances, so independent in their +testimony, which recommended to her the doctrine +which they were so unanimous in teaching. She had +long given up any belief in the religion of her country. +As to philosophy, it dwelt only in conjecture and +opinion; whereas the very essence of religion was, as +she felt, a recognition of the worshippers on the part +of the Object of it. Religion could not be without +hope. To worship a being who did not speak to us, +recognise us, love us, was not religion. It might be +a duty, it might be a merit; but her instinctive notion +of religion was the soul’s response to a God who had +taken notice of the soul. It was loving intercourse, +or it was a name. Now the three witnesses who had +addressed her about Christianity had each of them +made it to consist in the intimate Divine Presence in +the heart. It was the friendship or mutual love of person +with person. Here was the very teaching which +already was so urgently demanded both by her reason +and her heart, which she found nowhere else; which +she found existing one and the same in a female slave, +in a country youth, in a learned priest. +</p> + +<p> +This was the broad impression which they made +upon her mind. When she turned to consider more +in detail what it was they taught, or what was implied +in that idea of religion which so much approved itself +to her, she understood them to say that the Creator +of heaven and earth, Almighty, All-good, clothed in +all the attributes which philosophy gives Him, the +Infinite, had loved the soul of man so much, and her +<pb n="294"/><anchor id="Pg294"/>soul in particular, that He had come upon earth in +the form of a man, and in that form had gone through +sufferings, in order to unite all souls to Him; that He +desired to love, and to be loved; that He had said so; +that He had called on man to love Him, and did +actually bring to pass this loving intercourse of Him +and man in those souls who surrendered themselves to +Him. She did not go much further than this; but as +much as this was before her mind morning, noon, and +night. It pleaded in her; it importuned her; it would +not be rebuffed. It did not mind her moods, or disgusts, +or doubts, or denials, or dismissals, but came +again and again. It rose before her, in spite of the +contempt, reproach, and persecution which the profession +of it involved. It smiled upon her; it made +promises to her; it opened eternal views to her; and +it grew upon her convictions in clearness of perception, +in congruity, and in persuasiveness. +</p> + +<p> +Moreover, the more she thought of Chione, of +Agellius, and of Cæcilius the more surely did she +discern that this teaching wrought in them a something +which she had not. They had about them a +simplicity, a truthfulness, a decision, an elevation, a +calmness, and a sanctity to which she was a stranger, +which spoke to her heart and absolutely overcame +her. The image of Cæcilius, in particular, came out +prominently and eloquently in her memory,—not in +his words so much as in his manner. In spite of what +she had injuriously said to him, she really felt drawn +to worship him, as if he were the shrine and the +<pb n="295"/><anchor id="Pg295"/>home of that Presence to which he bore such solemn +witness. +</p> + +<p> +O the change, when, as if in punishment for her wild +words against him, she found herself actually in the +hands of lawless men, who were as far below her in +sentiment as he was above her! O the change, when +she was dizzied by their brutal vociferations and rapid +motion, and that breath and atmosphere of evil which +steamed up from the rankness of their impiety! O +the thankfulness which rose up in her heart, though +but vaguely directed to an object, when she found the +repose and quiet, though it was that of a prison! for +young as she was, she had become tired of all things +that were seen, and had no strong desire, except for +meditation on the great truths which she did not +know. +</p> + +<p> +One day passes and then another; and now the +morning and the hour is come when she must appear +before the magistrates of Sicca. With dread, with +agitation, she looks forward to the moment. She has +not yet a peace within her. Her peace is the stillness +of the room in which she is imprisoned. She knows +it will pass away when she leaves it; she knows +that again she must be in the hands of cruel, godless +men, with whom she has no sympathy; but she has +no stay whereon to lean in the terrible trial. Her +brother comes to her: he affects to forget her perverseness +or delusion. He comes to her with a smile, +and throws his arms around her; and Callista repels, +from some indescribable feeling, his ardent caress, as +<pb n="296"/><anchor id="Pg296"/>if she were no longer his. He has come to accompany +her to court, by an indulgence which he had +obtained; to support her there,—to carry her through, +and to take her back in triumph home. My sister,—why +that strange, piteous look upon thy countenance?—why +that paleness of thy cheek?—why that whisper +of thy lips?—why those wistful, gentle pleadings +of thine eyes? Sweet eyes, and brow, and cheek, +in which I have ever prided myself! Why so backward?—why +so distant and unfriendly? Am I +not come to rescue thee from a place where thou +never shouldst have been?—where thou ne’er shalt +be again? Callista, what is this mystery?—speak! +</p> + +<p> +Such as this was the mute expostulation conveyed +in Aristo’s look, and in the fond grasp of his hand; +while treading down forcibly within him his memory +and his fears of her great change, he determined +she should be to him still all that she had ever been. +But how altered was that look, and how relaxed that +grasp, when at length her misery found words, and she +said to him in agitation, <q>My time is short: I want +some Christian, a Christian priest!</q> +</p> + +<p> +It was as though she had never shown any tendency +before to the proscribed religion. The words came to +him with the intensity of something new and unimagined +hitherto. He clasped his hands in emotion, turned +white, and could but say, <q>Callista!</q> If she had +made confession of the most heinous of crimes,—if she +had spoken of murder, or some black treachery against +<pb n="297"/><anchor id="Pg297"/>himself,—of some enormity too great for words, it +might have been; but his sister!—his pride and +delight, after all and certainly a Christian! Better far +had she said she was leaving him for ever, to abandon +herself to the degrading service of the temples; better +had she said she had taken hemlock, or had an asp in +her bosom, than that she should choose to go out of the +world with the tortures, the ignominy, the malediction +of the religion of slaves. +</p> + +<p> +Time waits for no man, nor does the court of +justice, nor the <hi rend="italic">subsellia</hi> of the magistrate. The +examination is to be held in the Basilica at the +Forum, and it requires from us a few words of +explanation beforehand. The local magistrates then +could only try the lesser offences, and decide civil +suits; cases of suspected Christianity were reserved +for the Roman authorities. Still, preliminary examinations +were not unfrequently conducted by the city +Duumvirs, or even in what may be called the police +courts. And this may have especially been the case +in the Proconsulates. Proprætors and Presidents +were in the appointment of the Emperor, and joined +in their persons the supreme civil and military +authority. Such provinces, perhaps, were better +administered; but there would be more of arbitrariness +in their rule, and it would not be so acceptable +to the ruled. The Proconsuls, on the other hand, +were representatives of the Senate, and had not the +military force directly in their hands. The natural +tendency of this arrangement was to create, on the +<pb n="298"/><anchor id="Pg298"/>one hand, a rivalry between the civil and military +establishments; and, on the other, to create a friendly +feeling between the Proconsul and the local magistracy. +Thus, not long before the date of this +history, we read of Gordian, the Proconsul, enjoying a +remarkable popularity in his African province; and +when the people rose against the exactions of the +imperial Procurator, as referred to in a former page, +they chose and supported Gordian against him. +But however this might be in general, so it was at +this time at Sicca, that the Proconsular <hi rend="italic">Officium</hi> +and the city magistrates were on a good understanding +with each other, whereas there was some +collision between the latter and the military. Not +much depends in the conduct of our story upon +this circumstance; but it must be taken to account +for the examination of Callista in the Forum, and for +some other details which may follow before we come +to the end of it. +</p> + +<p> +The populace was collected about the gates and +within the ample space of the Basilica, but they gave +expression to no strong feeling on the subject of a +Christian delinquent. The famine, the sickness, and, +above all, the lesson which they had received so lately +from the soldiers, had both diminished their numbers +and cowed their spirit. They were sullen, too, and +resentful; and, with the changeableness proverbial in +a multitude, had rather have witnessed the beheading +of a magistrate, or the burning of a tribune, than the +torture and death of a dozen of wretched Christians. +<pb n="299"/><anchor id="Pg299"/>Besides, they had had a glut of Christian blood; a +reaction of feeling had taken place, and, in spite of the +suspicion of witchcraft, the youth and the beauty of +Callista recommended her to their compassion. +</p> + +<p> +The magistrates were seated on the <hi rend="italic">subsellia</hi>, one of +the Duumvirs presiding, in his white robe bordered +with purple; his lictors, with staves, not fasces, standing +behind him. In the vestibule of the court, to +confront the prisoner on her first entrance, were the +usual instruments of torture. The charge was one +which can only be compared, in the estimation of both +state and people in that day, to that of witchcraft, +poisoning, parricide, or other monstrous iniquity in +Christian times. There were the heavy <hi rend="italic">boiæ</hi>, a yoke +for the neck, of iron, or of wood; the fetters; the +<hi rend="italic">nervi</hi>, or stocks, in which hands and feet were inserted, +at distances from each other which strained or dislocated +the joints. There, too, were the <hi rend="italic">virgæ</hi>, or rods +with thorns in them; the <hi rend="italic">flagra</hi>, <hi rend="italic">lori</hi>, and <hi rend="italic">plumbati</hi>, +whips and thongs, cutting with iron or bruising with +lead; the heavy clubs; the hook for digging into the +flesh; the <hi rend="italic">ungula</hi>, said to have been a pair of scissors; +the <hi rend="italic">scorpio</hi>, and <hi rend="italic">pecten</hi>, iron combs or rakes for tearing. +And there was the wheel, fringed with spikes, on which +the culprit was stretched; and there was the fire +ready lighted, with the water hissing and groaning in +the large caldrons which were placed upon it. Callista +had lost for ever that noble intellectual composure of +which we have several times spoken; she shuddered +at what she saw, and almost fainted, and, while waiting +<pb n="300"/><anchor id="Pg300"/>for her summons, leaned heavily against the merciless +<hi rend="italic">cornicularius</hi> at her side. +</p> + +<milestone unit="tb"/> +<p> +At length the judge began—<q>Let the servant from +the <hi rend="italic">Officium</hi> stand forth.</q> The <hi rend="italic">officialis</hi> answered that +he had brought a prisoner charged with Christianity; +she had been brought to him by the military on the +night of the riot. +</p> + +<p> +The <hi rend="italic">scriba</hi> then read out the deposition of one of the +<hi rend="italic">stationarii</hi>, to the effect that he and his fellow-soldiers +had received her from the hands of the civic force on +the night in question, and had brought her to the office +of the Triumvirs. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Bring forward the prisoner,</q> said the judge; she +was brought forward. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Here she is,</q> answered the <hi rend="italic">officialis</hi>, according to +the prescribed form. +</p> + +<p> +<q>What is your name?</q> said the judge. +</p> + +<p> +She answered, <q>Callista.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The judge then asked if she was a freewoman or a +slave. +</p> + +<p> +She answered, <q>Free; the daughter of Orsilochus, +lapidary, of Proconnesus.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Some conversation then went on among the magistrates +as to her advocate or <hi rend="italic">defensor</hi>. Aristo presented +himself, but the question arose whether he was +<hi rend="italic">togatus</hi>. He was known, however, to several magistrates, +and was admitted to stand by his sister. +</p> + +<p> +Then the <hi rend="italic">scriba</hi> read the charge—viz., that Callista +was a Christian, and refused to sacrifice to the <anchor id="corr300"/><corr sic="gods">gods.</corr> +</p> + +<pb n="301"/><anchor id="Pg301"/> + +<p> +It was a plain question of fact, which required +neither witnesses nor speeches. At a sign from the +Duumvir in came two priests, bringing in between them +the small altar of Jupiter; the charcoal was ready +lighted, the incense at the side, and the judge called to +the prisoner to sprinkle it upon the flame for the good +fortune of Decius and his son. All eyes were turned +upon her. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I am not a Christian,</q> she said; <q>I told you so before. +I have never been to a Christian place of worship, +nor taken any Christian oath, nor joined in any +Christian sacrifice. And I should lie did I say that I +was in any sense a Christian.</q> +</p> + +<p> +There was a silence; then the judge said, <q>Prove +your words; there is the altar, the flame, and the +incense; sacrifice to the genius of the Emperor.</q> +</p> + +<p> +She said, <q>What can I do? I am not a Christian.</q> +The judges looked at each other, as much as to say, +<q>It is the old story; it is that inexplicable, hateful +obstinacy, which will neither yield to reason, common +sense, expediency, or fear.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The Duumvir only repeated the single word, +<q>Sacrifice.</q> +</p> + +<p> +She stopped awhile; then she came forward with a +hurried step. <q>O my fate!</q> she cried, <q>why was I +born? why am I in this strait? I have no god. What +can I do? I am abandoned; why should I not do +it?</q> She stopped; then she went right on to the +altar; she took the incense: suddenly she looked up +to heaven and started, and threw it away. <q>I cannot! +<pb n="302"/><anchor id="Pg302"/>I dare not!</q> she cried out. There was a great sensation +in court. <q>Evidently insane,</q> said some of the +more merciful of the Decurions; <q>poor thing, poor +thing!</q> Her brother ran up to her; talked to her, +conjured her, fell down on his knees to her; took her +hand violently, and would have forced her to offer. +In vain; all he could get from her was, <q>I am not a +Christian; indeed, I am not a Christian. I have +nothing to do with them. O the misery!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>She is mad!</q> cried Aristo; <q>my lord judges, +listen to me. She was seized by brutal ruffians during +the riot, and the fright and shock have overcome her. +Give her time, oh! give her time, and she will get right. +She’s a good religious girl; she has done more work +for the temples than any girl in Sicca; half the +statues in the city are her finishing. Many of you, +my lords, have her handiwork. She works with me. +Do not add to my anguish in seeing her deranged, by +punishing her as a criminal, a Christian: do not take +her from me. Sentence her, and you end the whole +matter; give her a chance, and she will certainly be +restored to the gods and to me. Will you put her to +death because she is mad?</q> +</p> + +<p> +What was to be done? The court was obsequious +to the Proconsul, afraid of Rome; jealous that the +mob should have been more forward than the magistracy. +Had the city moved sooner, as soon as the +edict came, there would have been no rising, no riot. +Already they had been called on for a report about +that riot and an explanation; if ever they had need +<pb n="303"/><anchor id="Pg303"/>to look sharp what they were doing, it was now. +On the other hand, Callista and her brother had +friends among the judges, as we have said, and their +plea was at once obvious and reasonable. <q>If she +persists, she persists, and nothing can be said; we +don’t wish to be disloyal, or careless of the emperor’s +commands. If she is obstinate, she must die; but +she dies quite as usefully to us, with quite as much +effect, a month hence as now. Not that we ask you +to define a time on your own authority; simply do +this, write to Carthage for advice. The government +can answer within an hour, if it chooses. Merely say, +<q>Here is a young woman, who has ever been religious +and well conducted, of great accomplishments, and +known especially for her taste and skill in religious +art, who since the day of the riot has suddenly refused +to take the test. She can give no reason for +her refusal, and protests she is not a Christian. Her +friends say that the fright has turned her brain, but +that if kindly treated and kept quiet, she will come +round, and do all that is required of her. What are we +to <anchor id="corr303"/><corr sic="single quote missing">do?</corr></q></q> +</p> + +<p> +At last Callista’s friends prevailed. It was decided +that the judges should pass over this examination +altogether, as if it had been rendered informal by +Callista’s conduct. Had they recognised it as a proper +legal process, they must have sentenced and executed +her. Such a decision was of this further advantage to +her, that nothing was altered as to her place of confinement. +Instead of being handed over to the state +<pb n="304"/><anchor id="Pg304"/>prison, she remained in her former lodging, though in +custody, and was allowed to see her friends. There +had been very little chance of her recovery, supposing +she was mad, or of ever coming out, if she had once +gone into the formidable <hi rend="italic">Carcer</hi>. Meanwhile the +magistrates sent to Carthage for instructions. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXVIII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="305"/><anchor id="Pg305"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXVIII. A sick call"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXVIII.</head> + +<head type="sub">A SICK CALL.</head> + +<p> +Aristo was not a fellow to have very long distresses; +he never would have died of love or of envy, for +honour or for loss of property; but his present +calamity was one of the greatest he could ever have, +and weighed upon him as long as ever any one could. +His love for his sister was real, but it would not do +to look too closely into the grounds of it; if we are +obliged to do so, we must confess to a suspicion that +it lay rather in certain outward, nay, accidental attributes +of Callista, than in Callista herself. Did she +lose her good looks, or her amiable unresisting submission +to his wishes, whatever they were, she would +also lose her hold upon his affections. This is not to +make any severe charge against him, considering how +it is with the common run of brothers and sisters, husbands +and wives; at the same time, most people certainly +are haunted by the memory of the past, and love +for <q>Auld lang syne,</q> and this Aristo might indeed +have had, and perhaps had not. He loved chiefly for +the present, and by the hour. +</p> + +<p> +However, at the present time he was in a state of +acute suffering, and, under its paroxysm, he +be<pb n="306"/><anchor id="Pg306"/>thought him again of Cornelius’s advice, which he +had rejected, to betake himself to Polemo. He had +a distant acquaintance with him, sufficient for his +purpose, and he called on him at the Mercury after the +latter’s lecture. Polemo was no fool, though steeped +in affectation and self-conceit, and Aristo fancied that +his sister might be more moved by a philosophical +compatriot than any one else. Polemo’s astonishment, +however, when the matter was proposed to him surpassed +words, and it showed how utterly Aristo was +absorbed in his own misery, that the possibility of +such a reception should not have occurred to him. +What, he, the friend of Plotinus, of Rogatian, and the +other noble men and women who were his fellow-disciples +at Rome; he, a member of the intellectual +aristocracy of the metropolis of the world; what, he to +visit a felon in prison! and when he found the felon +was a Christian, he fully thought that Aristo had +come to insult him, and was on the point of bidding +him leave him to himself. Aristo, however, persisted; +and his evident anguish, and some particulars which +came out, softened him. Callista was a Greek; a literate, +or blue stocking. She had never indeed worn the +philosophic pallium (as some Christian martyrs afterwards, +if not before, have done—St. Catherine and St. +Euphemia), but there was no reason why she should +not do so. Polemo recollected having heard of her at +the Capitol, and in the triclinium of one of the Decurions, +as a lady of singular genius and attainments; +and he lately had made an attempt to form a female +<pb n="307"/><anchor id="Pg307"/>class of hearers, and it would be a feather in his cap to +make a convert of her. So, not many days after, one +evening, accompanied by Aristo, he set out in his litter +to the lodging where she was in custody; not, however, +without much misgiving when it came to the +point, some shame, and a consequent visible awkwardness +and stiffness in his manner. All the perfumes he +had about him could not hinder the disgust of such a +visit rising up into his nostrils. +</p> + +<p> +Callista’s room was very well for a prison; it was +on the ground-floor of a house of many stories, close +to the <hi rend="italic">Officium</hi> of the Triumvirate. Though not any +longer under their strict jurisdiction, she was allowed +to remain where she had first been lodged. She was +in one of the rooms belonging to an apparitor of that +<hi rend="italic">Officium</hi>, and, as he had a wife, or at least a partner, +to take care of her, she might consider herself very +well off. However, the reader must recollect that we +are in Africa, in the month of July, and our young +Greek was little used to heats, which made the whole +city nothing less than one vast oven through the +greater part of the twenty-four hours. In lofty +spacious apartments the resource adopted is to exclude +the external air, and to live as Greenlanders, +with closed windows and doors; this was both impossible, +and would have been unsuccessful, if attempted +in the small apartment of Callista. But fever of mind +is even worse than the heat of the sky; and it is +undeniable that her health, and her strength, and her +appearance are affected by both the physical and the +<pb n="308"/><anchor id="Pg308"/>moral enemy. The beauty, which was her brother’s +delight, is waning away; and the shadows, if not the +rudiments of a diviner loveliness, which is of expression, +not of feature, which inspires not human passion, +but diffuses chaste thoughts and aspirations, are taking +its place. Aristo sees the change with no kind of +satisfaction. The room has a bench, two or three stools, +and a bed of rushes in one corner. A staple is firmly +fixed in the wall; and an iron chain, light, however, +and long, if the two ideas can be reconciled, reaches to +her slender arm, and is joined to it by an iron ring. +</p> + +<p> +On Polemo’s entering the room, his first exclamation +was to complain of its closeness; but he had +to do a work, so he began it without delay. Callista, +on her part, started; she had no wish for his presence. +She was reclining on her couch, and she sat +up. She was not equal to a controversy, nor did +she mean to have one, whatever might be the case +with <hi rend="italic">him</hi>. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Callista, my life and joy, dear Callista,</q> said her +brother, <q>I have brought the greatest man in Sicca +to see you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista cast upon him an earnest look, which soon +subsided into indifference. He had a rose of Cyrene +in his hand, whose perfume he diffused about the +small room. +</p> + +<p> +<q>It is Polemo,</q> continued Aristo, <q>the friend of +the great Plotinus, who knows all philosophies and +all philosophers. He has come out of kindness to +you.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="309"/><anchor id="Pg309"/> + +<p> +Callista acknowledged his presence; it was certainly, +she said, a great kindness for any one to visit +her, and there. +</p> + +<p> +Polemo replied by a compliment; he said it was +Socrates visiting Aspasia. There had always been +women above the standard of their sex, and they had +ever held an intellectual converse with men of mind. +He saw one such before him. +</p> + +<p> +Callista felt it would be plunging her soul still +deeper into shadows, when she sought realities, if she +must take part in such an argument. She remained +silent. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Your sister has not the fit upon her?</q> asked +Polemo of Aristo aside, neither liking her reception +of him, nor knowing what to say. <q>Not at all, dear +thing,</q> answered Aristo; <q>she is all attention for you +to begin.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Natives of Greece,</q> at length said he, <q>natives +of Greece should know each other; they deserve to +know each other; there is a secret sympathy between +them. Like that mysterious influence which unites +magnet to magnet; or like the echo which is a repercussion +of the original voice. So, in like manner, +Greeks are what none but they can be,</q> and he smelt +at his rose and bowed. +</p> + +<p> +She smiled faintly when he mentioned Greece. +<q>Yes,</q> she said, <q>I am fonder of Greece than of +Africa.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Each has its advantages,</q> said Polemo; <q>there is +a pleasure in imparting knowledge, in lighting flame +<pb n="310"/><anchor id="Pg310"/>from flame. It would be selfish did we not leave +Greece to communicate what they have not here. +But you,</q> he added, <q>lady, neither can learn in +Greece nor teach in Africa, while you are in this +vestibule of Orcus. I understand, however, it is your +own choice; can that be possible?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, I wish to get out, if I could, most learned +Polemo,</q> said Callista sadly. +</p> + +<p> +<q>May Polemo of Rhodes speak frankly to Callista +of Proconnesus?</q> asked Polemo. <q>I would not +speak to every one. <anchor id="corr310"/><corr sic="extra quote">If</corr> so, let me ask, what keeps +you here?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The magistrates of Sicca and this iron chain,</q> +answered Callista. <q>I would I could be elsewhere; +I would I were not what I am.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>What could you wish to be more than you are?</q> +answered Polemo; <q>more gifted, accomplished, beautiful +than any daughter of Africa.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Go to the point, Polemo,</q> said Aristo, nervously, +though respectfully; <q>she wants home-thrusts.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I see my brother wants you to ask how far it +depends on me that I am here,</q> said Callista, wishing +to hasten his movements; <q><anchor id="corr310a"/><corr sic="quote missing">it</corr> is because I will not +burn incense upon the altar of Jupiter.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>A most insufficient reason, lady,</q> said Polemo. +</p> + +<p> +Callista was silent. +</p> + +<p> +<q>What does that action mean?</q> said Polemo; <q>it +proposes to mean nothing else than that you are loyal +to the Roman power. You are not of those Greeks, +I presume, who dream of a national insurrection at +<pb n="311"/><anchor id="Pg311"/>this time? then you are loyal to Rome. Did I believe +a Leonidas could now arise, an Harmodius, a Miltiades, +a Themistocles, a Pericles, an Epaminondas, I +should be as ready to take the sword as another; but +it is hopeless. Greece, then, makes no claim on you +just now. Nor will I believe, though you were to tell +me so yourself, that you are leagued with any obscure, +fanatic sect who desire Rome’s downfall. Consider +what Rome is;</q> and now he had got into the magnificent +commonplace, out of his last panegyrical oration +with which he had primed himself before he set +out. <q>I am a Greek,</q> he said, <q>I love Greece, but I +love truth better; and I look at facts. I grasp them, +and I confess to them. The wide earth, through untold +centuries, has at length grown into the imperial +dominion of One. It has converged and coalesced +in all its various parts into one Rome. This, which +we see, is the last, the perfect state of human society. +The course of things, the force of natural powers, as +is well understood by all great lawyers and philosophers, +cannot go further. Unity has come at length, +and unity is eternity. It will be for ever, because it is a +whole. The principle of dissolution is eliminated. We +have reached the <hi rend="italic">apotelesma</hi> of the world. Greece, +Egypt, Assyria, Libya, Etruria, Lydia, have all had +their share in the result. Each of them, in its own +day, has striven in vain to stop the course of fate, and +has been hurried onwards at its wheels as its victim +or its instrument. And shall Judæa do what profound +Egypt and subtle Greece have tried in vain? +<pb n="312"/><anchor id="Pg312"/>If even the freedom of thought, the liberal scepticism, +nay, the revolutionary theories of Hellas have proved +unequal to the task of splitting up the Roman power, +if the pomp and luxury of the East have failed, shall +the mysticism of Syria succeed?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well, dear Callista, are you listening?</q> cried +Aristo, not over-confident of the fact, though Polemo +looked round at him with astonishment. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ten centuries,</q> he continued, <q>ten centuries have +just been completed since Rome began her victorious +career. For ten centuries she has been fulfilling her +high mission in the dispositions of Destiny, and perfecting +her maxims of policy and rules of government. +For ten centuries she has pursued one track with an +ever-growing intensity of zeal, and an ever-widening +extent of territory. What can she not do? just +one thing; and that one thing which she has not presumed +to do, you are attempting. She has maintained +her own religion, as was fitting; but she has never +thrown contempt on the religion of others. This you +are doing. Observe, Callista, Rome herself, in spite +of her great power, has yielded to that necessity +which is greater. She does not meddle with the +religions of the peoples. She has opened no war +against their diversities of rite. The conquering +power found, especially in the East, innumerable +traditions, customs, prejudices, principles, superstitions, +matted together in one hopeless mass; she left +them as they were; she recognised them; it would +have been the worse for her if she had done otherwise. +<pb n="313"/><anchor id="Pg313"/>All she said to the peoples, all she dared say to them, +was, <q>You bear with me, and I will bear with you.</q> +Yet this you will not do; you Christians, who have +no pretence to any territory, who are not even the +smallest of the peoples, who are not even a people at +all, you have the fanaticism to denounce all other +rites but your own, nay, the religion of great Rome. +Who are you? upstarts and vagabonds of yesterday. +Older religions than yours, more intellectual, more +beautiful religions, which have had a position, and +a history, and a political influence, have come to +nought; and shall you prevail, you, a <hi rend="italic">congeries</hi>, a +hotch-potch of the leavings, and scraps, and broken +meat of the great peoples of the East and West? +Blush, blush, Grecian Callista, you with a glorious +nationality of your own to go shares with some +hundred peasants, slaves, thieves, beggars, hucksters, +tinkers, cobblers, and fishermen! A lady of high +character, of brilliant accomplishments, to be the +associate of the outcasts of society!</q> +</p> + +<p> +Polemo’s speech, though cumbrous, did execution, +at least the termination of it, upon minds constituted +like the Grecian. Aristo jumped up, swore an oath, +and looked round triumphantly at Callista, who felt +its force also. After all, what did she know of Christians?—at +best she was leaving the known for the +unknown: she was sure to be embracing certain evil +for contingent good. She said to herself, <q>No, I never +can be a Christian.</q> Then she said aloud, <q>My Lord +Polemo, I am not a Christian;—I never said I <anchor id="corr313"/><corr sic="was,">was.</corr></q> +</p> + +<pb n="314"/><anchor id="Pg314"/> + +<p> +<q>That is her absurdity!</q> cried Aristo. <q>She is +neither one thing nor the other. She won’t say she’s +a Christian, and she won’t sacrifice!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>It is my misfortune,</q> she said, <q>I know. I am +losing both what I see, and what I don’t see. It is +most inconsistent: yet what can I do?</q> +</p> + +<p> +Polemo had said what he considered enough. He +was one of those who sold his words. He had already +been over-generous, and was disposed to give away +no more. +</p> + +<p> +After a time, Callista said, <q>Polemo, do you believe +in one God?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Certainly,</q> he answered; <q>I believe in one eternal, +self-existing something.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Well,</q> she said, <q>I feel that God within my heart. +I feel myself in His presence. He says to me, <q>Do +this: don’t do that,</q> You may tell me that this dictate +is a mere law of my nature, as is to joy or to +grieve. I cannot understand this. No, it is the echo +of a person speaking to me. Nothing shall persuade +me that it does not ultimately proceed from a person +external to me. It carries with it its proof of its +divine origin. My nature feels towards it as towards +a person. When I obey it, I feel a satisfaction; when +I disobey, a soreness—just like that which I feel in +pleasing or offending some revered friend. So you +see, Polemo, I believe in what is more than a mere +<q>something.</q> I believe in what is more real to me +than sun, moon, stars, and the fair earth, and the +<pb n="315"/><anchor id="Pg315"/>voice of friends. You will say, Who is He? Has +He ever told you anything about Himself? Alas! +no!—the more’s the pity! But I will not give up +what I have, because I have not more. An echo +implies a voice; a voice a speaker. That speaker I +love and I fear.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Here she was exhausted, and overcome too, poor +Callista! with her own emotions. +</p> + +<p> +<q>O that I could find Him!</q> she exclaimed, passionately. +<q>On the right hand and on the left I +grope, but touch Him not. Why dost Thou fight +against me?—why dost Thou scare and perplex me, +O First and Only Fair? I have Thee not, and I need +Thee.</q> She added, <q>I am no Christian, you see, or +I should have found Him; or at least I should say I +had found Him.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>It is hopeless,</q> said Polemo to Aristo, in much +disgust, and with some hauteur of manner: <q>she is +too far gone. You should not have brought me to +this place.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Aristo groaned. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Shall I,</q> she continued, <q>worship any but Him? +Shall I say that He whom I see not, whom I seek, is +our Jupiter, or Cæsar, or the goddess Rome? They +are none of them images of this inward guide of mine. +I sacrifice to Him alone.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The two men looked at each other in amazement: +one of them in anger. +</p> + +<p> +<q>It’s like the demon of Socrates,</q> said Aristo, +timidly. +</p> + +<pb n="316"/><anchor id="Pg316"/> + +<p> +<q>I will acknowledge Cæsar in every fitting way,</q> +she repeated; <q>but I will not make him my God.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Presently she added, <q>Polemo, will not that invisible +Monitor have something to say to all of us,—to +you,—at some future day?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Spare me! spare me, Callista!</q> cried Polemo, +starting up with a violence unsuited to his station +and profession. <q>Spare my ears, unhappy woman!—such +words have never hitherto entered them. I +did not come to be insulted. Poor, blind, hapless, +perverse spirit—I separate myself from you for ever! +Desert, if you will, the majestic, bright, beneficent +traditions of your forefathers, and live in this frightful +superstition! Farewell!</q> +</p> + +<p> +He did not seem better pleased with Aristo than +with Callista, though Aristo helped him into his litter, +walked by his side, and did what he could to propitiate +him. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXIX" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="317"/><anchor id="Pg317"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXIX. Conversion"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXIX.</head> + +<head type="sub">CONVERSION.</head> + +<p> +If there is a state of mind utterly forlorn, it is that +in which we left the poor prisoner after Polemo had +departed. She was neither a Christian, nor was she +not. She was in the midway region of inquiry, which +as surely takes time to pass over, except there be +some almost miraculous interference, as it takes time +to walk from place to place. You see a person coming +towards you, and you say, impatiently, <q>Why don’t +you come faster?—why are you not here already?</q> +Why?—because it takes time. To see that heathenism +is false,—to see that Christianity is true,—are two +acts, and involve two processes. They may indeed +be united, and the truth may supplant the error; +but they may not. Callista obeyed, as far as truth +was brought home to her. She saw the vanity of +idols before she had faith in Him who came to +destroy them. She could safely say, <q>I discard +Jupiter:</q> she could not say, <q>I am a Christian.</q> +Besides, what did she know of Christians? How +did she know that they would admit her, if she +wished it? They were a secret society, with an +election, an initiation, and oaths;—not a mere +philo<pb n="318"/><anchor id="Pg318"/>sophical school, or a profession of opinion, open to +any individual. If they were the good people that +she fancied them to be,—and if they were not, she +would not think of them at all,—they were not likely +to accept of her. +</p> + +<p> +Still, though we may account for her conduct, its +issue was not, on that account, the less painful. She +had neither the promise of this world, nor of the next, +and was losing earth without gaining heaven. Our +Lord is reported to have said, <q>Be ye good money-changers.</q> +Poor Callista did not know how to turn +herself to account. It had been so all through her +short life. She had ardent affections, and keen sensibilities, +and high aspirations; but she was not fortunate +in the application of them. She had put herself +into her brother’s hands, and had let him direct +her course. It could not be expected that he would +be very different from the world. We are cautioned +against <q>rejoicing in our youth.</q> Aristo rejoiced in +his without restraint; and he made his sister rejoice +in hers, if enjoyment it was. He himself found in the +pleasures he pointed out a banquet of fruits:—she +dust and ashes. And so she went on; not changing +her life, from habit, from the captivity of nature, but +weary, disappointed, fastidious, hungry, yet not knowing +what she would have; yearning after something, +she did not well know what. And as heretofore she +had cast her lot with the world, yet had received no +price for her adhesion, so now she had bid it farewell; +yet had nothing to take in its place. +</p> + +<pb n="319"/><anchor id="Pg319"/> + +<p> +As to her brother, after the visit of Polemo, he got +more and more annoyed—angry rather than distressed, +and angry with her. One more opportunity +occurred of her release, and it was the last effort he +made to move her. Cornelius, in spite of his pomposity, +had acted the part of a real friend. He +wrote from Carthage, that he had happily succeeded +in his application to government, and, difficult and +unusual as was the grace, had obtained her release. +He sent the formal documents for carrying it through +the court, and gained the eager benediction of the +excitable Aristo. He rushed with the parchments to +the magistrates, who recognised them as sufficient, +and got an order for admission to her room. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Joy, my dearest,</q> he cried; <q>you are free! We +will leave this loathsome country by the first vessel. +I have seen the magistrates already.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The colour came into her wan face, she clasped her +hands together, and looked earnestly at Aristo. He +proceeded to explain the process of liberation. She +would not be called on to sacrifice, but must sign a +writing to the effect that she had done so, and there +would be an end of the whole matter. On the first +statement she saw no difficulty in the proposal, and +started up in animation. Presently her countenance +fell; how could she say that she had done what it was +treason to her inward Guide to do? What was the +difference between acknowledging a blasphemy by a +signature or by incense? She smiled sorrowfully at +him, shook her head, and lay down again upon her +<pb n="320"/><anchor id="Pg320"/>rushes. She had anticipated the Church’s judgment +on the case of the <hi rend="italic">Libellatici</hi>. +</p> + +<p> +Aristo could not at first believe he heard aright, +that she refused to be saved by what seemed to him +a matter of legal form; and his anger grew so high +as to eclipse and to shake his affection. <q>Lost girl,</q> +he cried, <q>I abandon you to the Furies!</q> and he +shook his clenched hand at her. He turned away, +and said he would never see her again, and he kept +his word. He never came again. He took refuge, +with less restraint than was usual to him, in such +pleasures as the city could supply, and strove to drive +his sister from his mind by dissipation. He mixed +in the games of the Campus Martius under the +shadow of the mountain; took part with the revellers +in the Forum, and ended the evening at the Thermæ. +Sometimes the image of dear Callista, as once she +looked, would rush into his mind with a force which +would not be denied, and he would weep for a whole +night. +</p> + +<p> +At length he determined to destroy himself, after +the example of so many great men. He gave a +sumptuous entertainment, expending his means upon +it, and invited his friends to partake of it. It passed +off with great gaiety; nothing was wanting to make +it equal to an occasion so special and singular. He +disclosed to his guests his purpose, and they applauded; +the last libations were made—the revellers +departed—the lights were extinguished. Aristo disappeared +that night: Sicca never saw him again. +<pb n="321"/><anchor id="Pg321"/>After some time it was found that he was at Carthage, +and he had been provident enough to take with him +some of his best working tools, and some specimens +of his own and poor Callista’s skill. +</p> + +<p> +Strange to say, Jucundus proved a truer friend to +the poor girl than her brother. In spite of his selfishness +and hatred of Christians, he was considerably +affected as her case got more and more serious, and +it became evident that only one answer could be +returned to the magistrates from Carthage. He was +quite easy about Agellius, who had, as he considered, +successfully made off with himself, and he was reconciled +to the thought of never seeing him again. Had +it not been for this, one might have fancied that some +lurking anxiety about the fate of his nephew might +have kept alive the fidget which Callista’s dismal +situation gave him, for the philosopher tells us, that +pity always has something in it of self; but, under +the circumstances, it would be rash judgment to have +any such suspicion of his motives. He was not a +cruel man: even the <q>hoary-headed Fabian,</q> or +Cyprian, or others whom he so roundly abused, +would have found, when it came to the point, that +his bluster was his worst weapon against them; at +any rate he had enough of the <q>milk of human kindness</q> +to feel considerable distress about that idiotic +Callista. +</p> + +<p> +Yet what could he do? He might as well stop +the passage of the sun, as the movements of mighty +Rome, and a rescript would be coming to a certainty +<pb n="322"/><anchor id="Pg322"/>in due time from Carthage, and would just say one +thing, which would forthwith be passing into the +region of fact. He had no one to consult, and to +tell the truth, Callista’s fate was more than acquiesced +in by the public of Sicca. Her death seemed a +solution of various perplexities and troubles into +which the edict had brought them; it would be purchasing +the praise of loyalty cheaply. Moreover, +there were sets of men actually hostile to her and +her brother; the companies of statuaries, lapidaries, +and goldsmiths, were jealous of foreign artists like +them, who showed contempt for Africa, and who were +acquainted, or rather intimate, with many of the +higher classes, and even high personages in the place. +Well, but could not some of those great people help +her now? His mind glanced towards Calphurnius, +whom he had heard of as in some way or other protecting +her on the evening of the riot, and to him he +determined to betake himself. +</p> + +<p> +Calphurnius and the soldiery were still in high +dudgeon with the populace of Sicca, displeased with +the magistrates, and full of sympathy for Callista. +Jucundus opened his mind fully to the tribune, and +persuaded him to take him to Septimius, his military +superior, and in the presence of the latter many +good words were uttered both by Calphurnius and +Jucundus. Jucundus gave it as his opinion that it +was a very great mistake to strike at any but the +leaders of the Christian sect; he quoted the story of +King Tarquin and the poppies, and assured the great +<pb n="323"/><anchor id="Pg323"/>man that it was what he had always said and always +prophesied, and that, depend upon it, it was a great +mistake not to catch Cyprianus. +</p> + +<p> +<q>The strong arm of the law,</q> he said, <q>should not, +on the other hand, be put forth against such butterflies +as this Callista, a girl who, he knew from her +brother, had not yet seen eighteen summers. What +harm could such a poor helpless thing possibly do? +She could not even defend herself, much less attack +anybody else. No,</q> he continued, <q>your proper +policy with these absurd people is a smiling face and +an open hand. Recollect the fable of the sun and the +wind; which made the traveller lay aside his cloak? +Do you fall in with some sour-visaged, stiff-backed +worshipper of the Furies? fill his cup for him, crown +his head with flowers, bring in the flute-women. +Observe him—he relaxes; a smile spreads on his +countenance; he laughs at a jest; <q>captus est; +habet:</q> he pours a libation. Great Jove has conquered! +he is loyal to Rome; what can you desire +more? But beat him, kick him, starve him, turn him +out of doors; and you have a natural enemy to do +you a mischief whenever he can.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Calphurnius took his own line, and a simple one. +<q>If it was some vile slave or scoundrel African,</q> +he said, <q>no harm would have been done; but, by +Jupiter Tonans, it’s a Greek girl, who sings like a +Muse, dances like a Grace, and spouts verses like +Minerva. ’Twould be sacrilege to touch a hair of her +head; and we forsooth are to let these cowardly dogs +<pb n="324"/><anchor id="Pg324"/>of magistrates entrap Fortunianus at Carthage into +this solecism.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Septimius said nothing, as became a man in office; +but he came to an understanding with his visitors. It +was plain that the Duumvirs of Sicca had no legal +custody of Callista; in a criminal matter she might +seem to fall under the jurisdiction of the military; +and Calphurnius gained leave to claim his right at +the proper moment. The rest of his plan the tribune +kept to himself, nor did Septimius wish to know it. +He intended to march a guard into the prison shortly +before Callista was brought out for execution, and then +to make it believed that she had died under the horrors +of the Barathrum. The corpse of another woman +could without difficulty be found to be her representative, +and she herself would be carried off to the camp. +</p> + +<milestone unit="tb"/> +<p> +Meanwhile, to return to the prisoner herself, what +was the consolation, what the occupation of Callista +in this waiting time, ere the Proconsul had sent his +answer? Strange to say, and, we suppose, from a +sinful waywardness in her, she had, up to this moment, +neglected to avail herself of a treasure, which +by a rare favour had been put into her possession. +A small parchment, carefully written, elaborately +adorned, lay in her bosom, which might already have +been the remedy of many a perplexity, many a woe. +It is difficult to say under what feelings she had been +reluctant to open the Holy Gospel, which Cæcilius +had intrusted to her care. Whether she was so low +<pb n="325"/><anchor id="Pg325"/>and despondent that she could not make the effort, +or whether she feared to convince herself further, +or whether she professed to be waiting for some +calmer time, as if that were possible, or whether her +unwillingness was that which makes sick people so +averse to eating, or to remedies which they know +would be useful to them, cannot well be determined; +but there are many of us who may be able, from +parallel instances of infirmity, to enter into that state +of mind, which led her at least to procrastinate what +she might do any minute. However, now left absolutely +to herself, Aristo gone, and the answer of the +government to the magistracy not having yet come, +she recurred to the parchment, and to the Bishop’s +words, which ran, <q>Here you will see who it is we +love,</q> or language to that effect. It was tightly +lodged under her girdle, and so had escaped in the +confusion of that terrible evening. She opened it at +length and read. +</p> + +<p> +It was the writing of a provincial Greek; elegant, +however, and marked with that simplicity which was +to her taste the elementary idea of a classic author. +It was addressed to one Theophilus, and professed to +be a carefully digested and verified account of events +which had been already attempted by others. She +read a few paragraphs, and became interested, and in +no long time she was absorbed in the volume. When +she had once taken it up, she did not lay it down. +Even at other times she would have prized it, but +now, when she was so desolate and lonely, it was +<pb n="326"/><anchor id="Pg326"/>simply a gift from an unseen world. It opened a +view of a new state and community of beings, which +only seemed too beautiful to be possible. But not +into a new state of things alone, but into the presence +of One who was simply distinct and removed from +anything that she had, in her most imaginative +moments, ever depicted to her mind as ideal perfection. +Here was that to which her intellect tended, +though that intellect could not frame it. It could +approve and acknowledge, when set before it, what it +could not originate. Here was He who spoke to her +in her conscience; whose Voice she heard, whose +Person she was seeking for. Here was He who +kindled a warmth on the cheek of both Chione and +Agellius. That image sank deep into her; she felt +it to be a reality. She said to herself, <q>This is no +poet’s dream; it is the delineation of a real individual. +There is too much truth and nature, and life and +exactness about it, to be anything else.</q> Yet she +shrank from it; it made her feel her own difference +from it, and a feeling of humiliation came upon her +mind, such as she never had had before. She began +to despise herself more thoroughly day by day; yet +she recollected various passages in the history which +reassured her amid her self-abasement, especially that +of His tenderness and love for the poor girl at the +feast, who would anoint His feet; and the full tears +stood in her eyes, and she fancied she was that sinful +child, and that He did not repel her. +</p> + +<p> +O what a new world of thought she had entered! it +<pb n="327"/><anchor id="Pg327"/>occupied her mind from its very novelty. Everything +looked dull and dim by the side of it; her brother +had ever been dinning into her ears that maxim of +the heathen, <q>Enjoy the present, trust nothing to the +future.</q> She indeed could not enjoy the present with +that relish which he wished, and she had not any +trust in the future either; but this volume spoke a +different doctrine. There she learned the very +opposite to what Aristo taught—viz., that the present +must be sacrificed for the future; that what is +seen must give way to what is believed. Nay, more, +she drank in the teaching which at first seemed so +paradoxical, that even present happiness and present +greatness lie in relinquishing what at first sight seems +to promise them; that the way to true pleasure is, +not through self-indulgence, but through mortification; +that the way to power is weakness, the way to +success failure, the way to wisdom foolishness, the +way to glory dishonour. She saw that there was a +higher beauty than that which the order and harmony +of the natural world revealed, and a deeper peace and +calm than that which the exercise, whether of the intellect +or of the purest human affection, can supply. +She now began to understand that strange, unearthly +composure, which had struck her in Chione, Agellius, +and Cæcilius; she understood that they were detached +from the world, not because they had not the possession, +nor the natural love of its gifts, but because +they possessed a higher blessing already, which they +loved above everything else. Thus, by degrees, +<pb n="328"/><anchor id="Pg328"/>Callista came to walk by a new philosophy; and had +ideas, and principles, and a sense of relations and +aims, and a susceptibility of arguments, to which before +she was an utter stranger. Life and death, action and +suffering, fortunes and abilities, all had now a new +meaning and application. As the skies speak differently +to the philosopher and the peasant, as a book of +poems to the imaginative and to the cold and narrow +intellect, so now she saw her being, her history, her +present condition, her future, in a new light, which no +one else could share with her. But the ruling sovereign +thought of the whole was He, who exemplified +all this wonderful philosophy in Himself. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXX" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="329"/><anchor id="Pg329"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXX. Torres Vedras"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXX.</head> + +<head type="sub">TORRES VEDRAS.</head> + +<p> +There were those, however, whom Callista could +understand, and who could understand her; there +were those who, while Aristo, Cornelius, Jucundus, +and Polemo were moving in her behalf, were interesting +themselves also in her, and in a more effectual way. +Agellius had joined Cæcilius, and, if in no other way, +by his mouth came to the latter and his companions +the news of her imprisonment. On the morning that +Agellius had been so strangely let out of confinement +by his brother, and found himself seated at the street-door, +with his tunic on his arm and his boots on the +ground before him, his first business was to recollect +where he was, and to dispose of those articles of dress +according to their respective uses. What should he +do with himself, was of course his second thought. +He could not stay there long without encountering +the early risers of Sicca, the gates being already open. +To attempt to find out where Callista was, and then +to see her or rescue her, would have ended at once in +his own capture. To go to his own farm would have +been nearly as dangerous, and would have had less +<pb n="330"/><anchor id="Pg330"/>meaning. Cæcilius too had said, that they were not +long to be separated, and had given him directions for +finding him. +</p> + +<p> +Immediately then he made his way to one of the +eastern gates, which led to Thibursicumbur. There +was indeed no time to be lost, as he soon had indications; +he met several men who knew him by sight, +and one of the apparitors of the Duumviri, who happily +did not. An apostate Christian, whose zeal for +the government was notorious, passed him and looked +back after him. However, he would soon be out of +pursuit, if he had the start of them until the sun got +round the mountains he was seeking. He walked on +through a series of rocky and barren hills, till he got +some way past the second milestone. Before he had +reached the third he had entered a defile in the +mountains. Perpendicular rocks rose on each side of +him, and the level road, reaching from rock to rock, +was not above thirty feet across. He felt that if he +was pursued here, there was no escape. The third +milestone passed, he came to the country road; he +pursued it, counting out his thousand steps, as Cæcilius +had instructed him. By this time it had left the +stony bottom, and was rising up the side of the precipice. +Brushwood and dwarf pines covered it, mingled +with a few olives and caroubas. He said out his seven +pater nosters as he walked, and then looked around. +He had just passed a goatherd, and they looked hard +at each other. Agellius wished him good morning. +</p> + +<p> +<q>You are wishing a kid for Bacchus, sir,</q> said the +<pb n="331"/><anchor id="Pg331"/>man to him as he was running his eye over the goats. +On Agellius answering in the negative, he said in a +clownish way, <q>He who does not sacrifice to Bacchus +does not sacrifice goats.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius, bearing in mind Cæcilius’s directions, saw +of course there was something in the words which did +not meet the ear, and answered carelessly, <q>He who +does not sacrifice, does not sacrifice to Bacchus.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>True,</q> said the man, <q>but perhaps you prefer a +lamb for a sacrifice.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius replied, <q>If it is the right one; but the +one I mean was slain long since.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The man, without any change of manner, went on +to say that there was an acquaintance of his not far +up the rock, who could perhaps satisfy him on the +point. He said, <q>Follow those wild olives, though +the path seems broken, and you will come to him at +the nineteenth.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Agellius set out, and never was path so untrue to its +own threats. It seemed ending in abrupt cliffs every +turn, but never fulfilled the anticipation; that is, while +he kept to the olive-trees. After ascending what was +rather a flight of marble steps, washed and polished +by the winter torrents, than a series of crags, he fulfilled +the number of trees, and looked round at the +man sitting under it. O the joy and surprise! it was +his old servant Aspar. +</p> + +<p> +<q>You are safe, then, Aspar,</q> he said, <q>and I find +you here. O what a tender Providence!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I have taken my stand here, master,</q> returned +<pb n="332"/><anchor id="Pg332"/>Aspar, <q>day after day, since I got here, in hopes of +seeing you. I could not get back to you from Jucundus’s +that dreadful morning, and so I made my way +here. Your uncle sent for you in my presence, but at +the time I did not know what it meant. I was able +to escape.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>And now for Cæcilius,</q> said Agellius. +</p> + +<p> +Behind the olive-tree a torrent’s bed descended; the +descent being so easy, and yet so natural, that art +had evidently interfered with nature, yet concealed its +interference. After tracing it some yards, they came +to a chasm on the opposite side; and, passing through +it, Agellius soon found himself, to his surprise, on a +bleak open hill, to which the huge mountain formed +merely a sort of <hi rend="italic">façade</hi>. Its surface was half rock, +half moor, and it was surrounded by precipices. It +was such a place as some hermit of the middle ages +might have chosen for his solitude. The two walked +briskly across it, and at length came to a low, broad +yawning opening, branching out into several passages +which, if pursued, would have been found to end in +nothing. Aspar, however, made straight for what +appeared a dead wall of rock, in which, on his making +a signal, a door, skilfully hidden, was opened from +within, and was shut behind them by the porter. +They now stood in a gallery running into the mountain. +It was very long, and a stream of cold air came +along it. Aspar told him that at the extremity of it +they should find Cæcilius. +</p> + +<p> +Agellius was indeed in the vestibule of a +remark<pb n="333"/><anchor id="Pg333"/>able specimen of those caves which had been used for +religious purposes, first by the aborigines of the country, +then by the Phœnician colonists, and in the centuries +which had just passed, for the concealment +of the Christians. The passage along which they +were proceeding might itself be fitly called a cave, +but still it was only one of several natural subterraneans, +of different shapes, and opening into each +other. Some of them lay along the face of a ravine, +from which they received light and air; and here in +one place there were indications of a fortified front. +They were perfectly dry, though the water had at +some remote period filtered through the roof, and had +formed pendants and pillars of semi-transparent stalactite, +of great beauty. It was another and singular +advantage that a particular spot in one of the caverns, +which bordered on the ravine, was the focus of an +immense ear or whispering-gallery, such, that whatever +took place in the public road in which the ravine +terminated, could be distinctly heard there, and thus +they were always kept on guard against the attack of +an enemy, if expected. Had either Agellius or Aspar +been curious about such a matter, the latter might +have pointed out the place where a Punic altar once +had been discovered, with a sort of <hi rend="italic">tumulus</hi> of bones +of mice near at hand, that animal coming into the list +of victims in the Phœnician worship. +</p> + +<p> +But the two Christians were engaged, as they first +halted, and then walked along the <anchor id="corr333"/><corr sic="corrider">corridor</corr>, in other +thoughts, than in asking and answering questions +<pb n="334"/><anchor id="Pg334"/>about the history of the place of refuge in which they +found themselves. We have already remarked on the +central position of Sicca for the purpose of missionary +work and of retreat in persecution; such a dwelling +in the rocks did but increase its advantageousness, +and in consequence at this moment many Christians +had availed themselves of it. It is an English proverb +that three removes are as bad as a fire; and so great +were the perils and the hardships of flight in those +times, that it was a question, in a merely earthly point +of view, whether the risk of being apprehended at +home was not a far less evil than the evils which were +certain upon leaving it. There was nothing, then, +ungenerous in the ecclesiastical rule that they alone +should flee, in persecution, who were marked out for +death, if they stayed. The laity, private families, and +the priests, on whose ministrations they depended, +remained; bishops, deacons, and what may be called +the staff of the episcopate, notaries, messengers, +seminarists, and ascetics, would disappear from the +scene of persecution. +</p> + +<p> +Agellius learned from his slave that the cave had +been known to him from the time he was a boy, and +that it was one of the secrets which all who shared it +religiously observed. Holy men, it seemed, had had +intimations of the present trial for several years past; +and it was the full persuasion of the heads of the +Church, that, though it might blow over for a short +time, it would recur at intervals for many years, ending +in a visitation so heavy and long, that the times +<pb n="335"/><anchor id="Pg335"/>of Antichrist would seem to have arrived. However, +the impression upon their minds was, that then would +come a millennium, or, in some sort, a reign of the +saints upon the earth. That, however, was a date +which even Agellius himself, young as he was, would +not be likely to reach; indeed, who could expect to +escape, who might not hope to gain, a Martyr’s death, +in the interval, in the series of assaults, between +which Christianity had to run the gauntlet? Aspar +said, moreover, that some martyrs lay in the chapels +within, and that various confessors had ended their +days there. At the present time there were representatives, +there collected, of a large portion of the +Churches of the Proconsulate. A post, so to call it, +went between them and Carthage every week, and his +friend and father, the bishop of that city, was especially +busy in correspondence. +</p> + +<p> +Moreover, Agellius learned from him that they had +many partisans, well-wishers, and sympathizers, about +the country, whom no one suspected; the families of +parents who had conformed to the established worship, +nay, sometimes the apostates themselves, and that +this was the case in Sicca as well as elsewhere. For +himself, old and ignorant as he was, the persecution +had proved to him an education. He had been +brought near great men, and some who, he was confident, +would be martyrs in the event. He had learned +a great deal about his religion which he did not know +before, and had drunk in the spirit of Christianity, +with a fulness which he trusted would not turn to his +<pb n="336"/><anchor id="Pg336"/>ultimate condemnation. He now too had a consciousness +of the size and populousness of the Church, +of her diffusion, of the promises made to her, of the +essential necessity of what seemed to be misfortune, +of the episcopal regimen, and of the power and +solidity of the see of Peter afar off in Rome, all which +knowledge had made him quite another being. We +have put all this into finer language than the good old +man used himself, and we have grouped it more +exactly, but this is what his words would come to, +when explained. +</p> + +<p> +Coming down to sublunary matters, Aspar said the +cave was well provisioned; they had bread, oil, figs, +dried grapes, and wine. They had vessels and vestments +for the Holy Sacrifice. Their serious want was +a dearth of water at that season, but they relied on +Divine Providence to give them by miracle, if in no +other way, a supply. The place was piercingly cold +too in the winter. +</p> + +<p> +By this time they had gained the end of the long +gallery, and passed through a second apartment, +when suddenly the sounds of the ecclesiastical chant +burst on the ear of Agellius. How strange, how +transporting to him! he was almost for the first time +coming home to his father’s house, though he had +been a Christian from a child, and never, as he trusted, +to leave it, now that it was found. He did not know +how to behave himself, nor indeed where to go. +Aspar conducted him into the seats set apart for the +faithful; he knelt down and burst into tears. +</p> + +<pb n="337"/><anchor id="Pg337"/> + +<p> +It was approaching the third hour, the hour at which +the Paraclete originally descended upon the Apostles, +and which, when times of persecution were passed, +was appointed in the West for the solemn mass of the +day. In that early age, indeed, the time of the solemnity +was generally midnight, in order to elude observation; +but even then such an hour was considered +of but temporary arrangement. Pope Telesphorus is +said to have prescribed the hour, afterwards in use, +as early even as the second century; and in a place +of such quiet and security as the cavern in which we +just now find ourselves, there was no reason why it +should not be selected. At the lower end of the +chapel was a rail extending across it, and open in the +middle, where its two portions turned up at right +angles on each side towards the altar. The enclosure +thus made was the place proper for the faithful, into +which Agellius had been introduced, and about fifty +persons were collected about him. Where the two +side-rails which ran up the chapel ceased, there was +a broad step; and upon it two pulpits, one on each +side. Then came a second elevation, carrying the eye +on to the extremity of the upper end. +</p> + +<p> +In the middle of the wall at that upper end is a +recess, occupied by a tomb. On the front of it is +written the name of some glorious champion of the +faith who lies there. It is one of the first bishops of +Sicca, and the inscription attests that he slept in +the Lord under the Emperor Antoninus. Over the +sacred relics is a slab, and on the slab the Divine +<pb n="338"/><anchor id="Pg338"/>Mysteries are now to be celebrated. At the back is +a painting on the wall, very similar to that in Agellius’s +cottage. The ever-blessed immaculate Mother +of God is exercising her office as the Advocate of +sinners, standing by the sacrifice as she stood at the +cross itself, and offering up and applying its infinite +merits and incommunicable virtue in union with +priest and people. So instinctive in the Christian +mind is the principle of decoration, as it may be +called, that even in times of suffering, and places of +banishment, we see it brought into exercise. Not +only is the arch which overspans the altar ornamented +with an arabesque pattern, but the roof or vault is +coloured with paintings. Our Lord is in the centre, +with two figures of Moses on each side, on the right +unloosing his sandals, on the left striking the rock. +Between the centre figure and the altar may be seen +the raising of Lazarus; in the opposite partition the +healing of the paralytic; at the four angles are men +and women alternately in the attitude of prayer. +</p> + +<p> +At this time the altar-stone was covered with a rich +crimson silk, with figures of St. Peter and St. Paul +worked in gold upon it, the gift of a pious lady of +Carthage. Beyond the altar, but not touching it, was +a cross; and on one side of the altar a sort of basin or +<hi rend="italic">piscina</hi> cut in the rock, with a linen cloth hanging up +against it. There were no candles upon the altar itself, +but wax lights fixed into silver stands were placed at +intervals along the edge of the presbytery or elevation. +</p> + +<p> +The mass was in behalf of the confessors for the +<pb n="339"/><anchor id="Pg339"/>faith then in prison in Carthage; and the sacred +ministers, some half-hour after Agellius’s entrance, +made their appearance. Their vestments already +varied somewhat from the ordinary garments of the +day, and bespoke antiquity; and, though not so simply +<hi rend="italic">sui generis</hi> as they are now, they were so far special, +that they were never used on any other occasion, but +were reserved for the sacred service. The neck was +bare, the amice being as yet unknown; instead of the +stole was what was called the <hi rend="italic">orarium</hi>, a sort of handkerchief +resting on the shoulders, and falling down on +each side. The alb had been the inner garment, or +<hi rend="italic">camisium</hi>, which in civil use was retained at night +when the other garments were thrown off; and, as at +the present day, it was confined round the waist by a +zone or girdle. The maniple was a napkin, supplying +the place of a handkerchief; and the chasuble was an +ample <hi rend="italic">pænula</hi>, such as was worn by the judges, a cloak +enveloping the whole person round, when spread out, +with an opening in the centre, through which the head +might pass. The deacon’s dalmatic was much longer +than it is now, and the subdeacon’s tunicle resembled +the alb. All the vestments were of the purest white. +</p> + +<p> +The mass began by the bishop giving his blessing; +and then the Lector, a man of venerable age, taking +the roll called <hi rend="italic">Lectionarium</hi>, and proceeding to a +pulpit, read the Prophets to the people, much in the +way observed among ourselves still on holy Saturday +and the vigil of Pentecost. These being finished, the +people chanted the first verse of the <hi rend="italic">Gloria Patri</hi>, +<pb n="340"/><anchor id="Pg340"/>after which the clergy alternated with the people the +<hi rend="italic">Kyrie</hi>, pretty much as the custom is now. +</p> + +<p> +Here a fresh roll was brought to the Lector, then or +afterwards called <hi rend="italic">Apostolus</hi>, from which he read one +of the canonical epistles. A psalm followed, which +was sung by the people; and, after this, the Lector +received the <hi rend="italic">Evangeliarium</hi>, and read a portion of the +Gospel, at which lights were lighted, and the people +stood. When he had finished, the Lector opened the +roll wide, and, turning round, presented it to bishop, +clergy, and people to kiss. +</p> + +<p> +The deacon then cried out, <q>Ite in pace, catechumeni,</q> +<q>Depart in peace, catechumens;</q> and then the +kiss of peace was passed round, and the people began +to sing some psalms or hymns. While they were +so engaged, the deacon received from the acolyte the +<hi rend="italic">sindon</hi>, or corporal, which was of the length of the +altar, and perhaps of greater breadth, and spread it +upon the sacred table. Next was placed on the <hi rend="italic">sindon</hi> +the <hi rend="italic">oblata</hi>, that is, the small loaves, according to the +number of communicants, with the paten, which was +large, and a gold chalice, duly prepared. And then +the <hi rend="italic">sindon</hi>, or corporal, was turned back over them, +to cover them as a pall. +</p> + +<p> +The celebrant then advanced: he stood at the +further side of the altar, where the candles are now, +with his face to the people, and then began the holy +sacrifice. First he incensed the <hi rend="italic">oblata</hi>, that is, the +loaves and chalice, as an acknowledgment of God’s +sovereign dominion, and as a token of uplifted prayer +<pb n="341"/><anchor id="Pg341"/>to Him. Then the roll of prayers was brought him, +while the deacon began what is sometimes called the +bidding prayer, being a catalogue of the various subjects +for which intercession is to be made, after the +manner of the <hi rend="italic">Oremus dilectissimi</hi>, now used on Good +Friday. This catalogue included all conditions of +men, the conversion of the world, the exaltation of +Holy Church, the maintenance of the Roman empire, +the due ripening and gathering of the fruits of the +earth, and other spiritual and temporal blessings,—subjects +very much the same as those which are now +called the Pope’s intentions. The prayers ended with +a special reference to those present, that they might +persevere in the Lord even to the end. And then +the priest began the <hi rend="italic">Sursum corda</hi>, and said the +<hi rend="italic">Sanctus</hi>. +</p> + +<p> +The Canon or <hi rend="italic">Actio</hi> seems to have run, in all but a +few words, as it does now, and the solemn words of +consecration were said secretly. Great stress was laid +on the Lord’s prayer, which in one sense terminated +the function. It was said aloud by the people, and +when they said, <q>Forgive us our trespasses,</q> they +beat their breasts. +</p> + +<p> +It is not wonderful that Agellius, assisting for +almost the first time at this wonderful solemnity, +should have noted everything as it occurred; and we +must be considered as giving our account of it from +his mouth. +</p> + +<p> +It needs not to enlarge on the joy of the meeting +which followed between Cæcilius and his young +peni<pb n="342"/><anchor id="Pg342"/>tent. <q>O my father,</q> he said, <q>I come to thee, never +to leave thee, to be thy dutiful servant, and to be +trained by thee after the pattern of Him who made +thee what thou art. Wonderful things have happened; +Callista is in prison on the charge of Christianity; +I was in a sort of prison myself, or what was +worse for my soul; and Juba, my brother, in the +strangest of ways, has this morning let me out. Shall +she not be saved, my father, in God’s own way, as +well as I? At least we can all pray for her; but +surely we can do more—so precious a soul must not +be left to herself and the world. If she has the trials, +she may claim the blessings of a Christian. Is she to +go back to heathenism? Is she, alas! to suffer without +baptism? Shall we not hazard death to bestow +on her that grace?</q> +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXXI" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="343"/><anchor id="Pg343"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXXI. The baptism"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXXI.</head> + +<head type="sub">THE BAPTISM.</head> + +<p> +We have already had occasion to mention that +there were many secret well-wishers, or at least protectors, +of Christians, as in the world at large, so +also in Sicca. There were many persons who had received +benefits from their charity, and had experience +of the scandalous falsehood of the charges now circulated +against them. Others would feel a generosity +towards a cruelly persecuted body; others, utterly +dead to the subject of religion, or rather believing +all religions to be impostures, would not allow it to +be assumed that only one was worthy of bad treatment. +Others liked what they heard of the religion +itself, and thought there was truth in it, though it +had no claim to a monopoly of truth. Others felt it +to be true, but shrank from the consequences of +openly embracing it. Others, who had apostatised +through fear of the executioner, intended to come +back to it at the last. It must be added that in +the African Church confessors in prison had, or were +considered to have, the remarkable privilege of gaining +the public forgiveness of the Church for those who +had lapsed; it was an object, then, for all those +<pb n="344"/><anchor id="Pg344"/>who, being in that miserable case, wished some day +to be restored, to gain their promise of assistance, or +their good-will. To these reasons was added, in Callista’s +case, the interest which naturally attached to a +woman, young and defenceless. +</p> + +<p> +The burning sun of Africa is at the height of its +power. The population is prostrated by heat, by +scarcity, by pestilence, and by the decimation which +their riot brought upon them. They care neither for +Christianity, nor for anything else just now. They +lie in the porticoes, in the caverns under the city, in +the baths. They are more alive at night. The <hi rend="italic">apparitor</hi>, +in whose dwelling Callista was lodged, who +was himself once a Christian, lies in the shade of the +great doorway, into which his rooms open, asleep, or +stupefied. Two men make their appearance about +two hours before sunset, and demand admittance to +Callista. The jailor asks if they are not the two +Greeks, her brother and the rhetorician, who had +visited her before. The junior of the strangers drops +a purse heavy with coin into his lap, and passes on +with his companion. When the mind is intent on +great subjects or aims, heat and cold, hunger and +thirst, lose their power of enfeebling it; thus perhaps +we must account for the energy now displayed both +by the two ecclesiastics and by Callista herself. +</p> + +<p> +She too thought it was the unwelcome philosopher +come again; she gave a start and a cry of delight +when she saw it was Cæcilius. <q>My father,</q> she said, +<q>I want to be a Christian, if I may; He came to +<pb n="345"/><anchor id="Pg345"/>save the lost sheep. I have learnt such things from +this book—let me give it you while I can. I am not +long for this world. Give me Him who spoke so +kindly to that woman. Take from me my load of +sin, and then I will gladly go.</q> She knelt at his feet, +and gave the roll of parchment into his hand. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Rise and sit,</q> he answered. <q>Let us think calmly +over the matter.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>I am ready,</q> she insisted. <q>Deny me not my +wish, when time is so urgent—if I may have it.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Sit down calmly,</q> he said again; <q>I am not +refusing you, but I wish to know about you.</q> He +could hardly keep from tears, of pain, or of joy, or of +both, when he saw the great change which trial had +wrought in her. What touched him most was the +utter disappearance of that majesty of mien, which once +was hers, a gift, so beautiful, so unsuitable to fallen +man. There was instead of it a frank humility, a +simplicity without concealment, an unresisting meekness, +which seemed as if it would enable her, if +trampled on, to smile and to kiss the feet that +insulted her. She had lost every vestige of what the +world worships under the titles of proper pride and +self-respect. Callista was now living, not in the +thought of herself, but of Another. +</p> + +<p> +<q>God has been very good to you,</q> he continued; +<q>but in the volume you have returned to me He bids +us <q>reckon the charges.</q> Can you drink of His chalice? +Recollect what is before you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +She still continued kneeling, with a touching +earn<pb n="346"/><anchor id="Pg346"/>estness of face and demeanour, and with her hands +crossed upon her breast. +</p> + +<p> +<q>I <hi rend="italic">have</hi> reckoned,</q> she replied; <q>heaven and hell: +I prefer heaven.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>You are on earth,</q> said Cæcilius; <q>not in heaven +or hell. You must bear the pangs of earth before you +drink the blessedness of heaven.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>He has given me the firm purpose,</q> she said, <q>to +gain heaven, to escape hell; and He will give me too +the power.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Ah, Callista!</q> he answered, in a voice broken with +distress, <q>you know not what you will have to bear, +if you join yourself to Him.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>He has done great things for me already; I am +wonderfully changed; I am not what I was. He will +do more still.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Alas, my child!</q> said Cæcilius, <q>that feeble frame, +ah! how will it bear the strong iron, or the keen flame, +or the ruthless beast? My child, what do <hi rend="italic">I</hi> feel, who +am free, thus handing you over to be the sport of the +evil one?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Father, I have chosen Him,</q> she answered, <q>not +hastily, but on deliberation. I believe Him most absolutely. +Keep me not from Him; give Him to me, +if I may ask it; give me my Love.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Presently she added, <q>I have never forgotten those +words of yours since you used them; <q>Amor meus +crucifixus est.</q></q> +</p> + +<p> +She began again, <q>I will be a Christian; give me +my place among them. Give me my place at the +<pb n="347"/><anchor id="Pg347"/>feet of Jesus, Son of Mary, my God. I wish to love +Him. I think I can love Him. Make me His.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>He has loved you from eternity,</q> said Cæcilius, +<q>and, therefore, you are now beginning to love Him.</q> +</p> + +<p> +She covered her eyes with her hands, and remained +in profound meditation. <q>I am very ignorant—very +sinful,</q> she said at length; <q>but one thing I know, +that there is but One to love in the whole world, and +I wish to love him. I surrender myself to Him, if +He will take me; and He shall teach me about Himself.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>The angry multitude, their fierce voices, the +brutal executioner, the prison, the torture, the slow, +painful death.</q> He was speaking, not to her, but to +himself. She was calm, in spite of her fervour; but +he could not contain himself. His heart melted within +him; he felt like Abraham, lifting up his hand to slay +his child. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Time passes,</q> she said; <q>what may happen? you +may be discovered. But, perhaps,</q> she added, suddenly +changing her tone, <q>it is a matter of long <anchor id="corr347"/><corr sic="initiation,">initiation.</corr> +Woe is me!</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>We must gird ourselves to the work, Victor,</q> he +said to his deacon who was with him. Cæcilius fell +back and sat down, and Victor came forward. He +formally instructed her so far as the circumstances +allowed. Not for baptism only, but for confirmation, +and Holy Eucharist; for Cæcilius determined to give +her all three sacraments at once. +</p> + +<p> +It was a sight for angels to look down upon, and +<pb n="348"/><anchor id="Pg348"/>they did; when the poor child, rich in this world’s +gifts, but poor in those of eternity, knelt down to +receive that sacred stream upon her brow, which fell +upon her with almost sensible sweetness, and suddenly +produced a serenity different in kind from anything +she had ever before even had the power of conceiving. +</p> + +<p> +The bishop gave her confirmation, and then the Holy +Eucharist. It was her first and last communion; in a +few days she renewed it, or rather completed it, under +the very Face and Form of Him whom she now believed +without seeing. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Farewell, my dearest of children,</q> said Cæcilius, +<q>till the hour when we both meet before the throne +of God. A few sharp pangs which you can count and +measure, and all will be well. You will be carried +through joyously, and like a conqueror. I know it. +You could face the prospect before you were a Christian, +and you will be equal to the actual trial, now that you +are.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q>Never fear me, father,</q> she said in a clear, low +<anchor id="corr348"/><corr sic="voice">voice.</corr> The bishop and his deacon left the prison. +</p> + +<milestone unit="tb"/> +<p> +The sun had all but set, when Cæcilius and Victor +passed the city gate; and it was more than twilight +as they crossed the wild hills leading to the precipitous +pass. Evil men were not their only peril in this +work of charity. They were also in danger from wild +beasts in these lone wastes, and, the heathen would +have added, from bad spirits. Bad spirits Cæcilius +<pb n="349"/><anchor id="Pg349"/>recognised too; but he would not have granted that +they were perilous. The two went forward, saying +prayers lowly, and singing psalms, when a sudden cry +was heard, and a strong tall form rushed past them. +It might be some robber of the wild, or dangerous +outcast, or savage fanatic, who knew and hated their +religion; however, while they stopped and looked, he +had come, and he was gone. But he came again, more +slowly; and from his remarkable shape Cæcilius saw +that it was the brother of Agellius. He said, <q>Juba;</q> +Juba started back, and stood at a distance. Cæcilius +held out his hand, and called him on, again mentioning +his name. The poor fellow came nearer: Cæcilius’s +day’s work was not at an end. +</p> + +<p> +Since we last heard of him, Juba had dwelt in the +mountainous tract over which the two Christians were +now passing; roaming to and fro, or beating himself +in idle fury against the adamantine rocks, and fighting +with the stern necessity of the elements. How he +was sustained can hardly be guessed, unless the +impulse, which led him on the first accession of his +fearful malady, to fly upon the beasts of the desert, +served him here also. Roots too and fruits were scattered +over the wild; and still more so in the ravines, +wherever any quantity of soil had been accumulated. +Alas! had the daylight lasted, in him too, as well as +in Callista, Cæcilius would have found changes, but +of a very different nature; yet even in him he would +have seen a change for the better, for that old awful +expression of pride and defiance was gone. What +<pb n="350"/><anchor id="Pg350"/>was the use of parading a self-will, which every +moment of his life belied? His actions, his words, his +hands, his lips, his feet, his place of abode, his daily +course, were in the dominion of another, who inexorably +ruled him. It was not the gentle influence which +draws and persuades; it was not the power which can +be propitiated by prayer; it was a tyranny which +acted without reaction, energetic as mind, and impenetrable +as matter. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Juba,</q> said Cæcilius a third time. The maniac +came nearer, and then again suddenly retreated. He +stood at a short distance from Cæcilius, as if afraid to +come on, and cried out, tossing his hands wildly, +<q>Away, black hypocrite, come not near me! Away! +hound of a priest, cross not my path, lest I tear you +to shreds!</q> Such visitations were no novelties to +Cæcilius; he raised his hand and made the sign of +the cross, then he said, <q>Come.</q> Juba advanced, +shrieked, and used some terrible words, and rushed +upon Cæcilius, as if he would treat him as he had +treated the savage wolf. <q>Come?</q> he cried, <q>yes, I +come!</q> and Victor ran up, fearing his teeth would be +in Cæcilius’s throat, if he delayed longer. The latter +stood his ground, quailing neither in eye nor in limb; +he made the sign of the cross a second time; and in +spite of a manifest antagonism within him, the +stricken youth, with horrid cries, came dancing after +him. +</p> + +<p> +Thus they proceeded, with some signs of insurrection +from time to time on Juba’s part, but with a +<pb n="351"/><anchor id="Pg351"/>successful reduction of it as often on the part of +Cæcilius, till they got to the ascent by the olive-trees, +where careful walking was necessary. Then Cæcilius +turned round, and beckoned him. He came. He +said, <q>Kneel down.</q> He knelt down. Cæcilius put +his hand on his head, saying to him, <q>Follow me +close and without any disturbance.</q> The three pursued +their journey, and all arrived safe at the cavern. +There Cæcilius gave Juba in charge to Romanus, +who had been intrusted with the <hi rend="italic">energumens</hi> at Carthage. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXXII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="352"/><anchor id="Pg352"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXXII. The imperial rescript"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXXII.</head> + +<head type="sub">THE IMPERIAL RESCRIPT.</head> + +<p> +Had the imperial edict been acted on by the magistrates +of Sicca, without a reference to Carthage, it is +not easy to suppose that Callista would have persevered +in her refusal to commit the act of idolatry +required of her. But, to speak of second causes, the +hesitation of her judges was her salvation. Once +baptised, there was no reason she should desire any +further delay of her conflict. Come it must, and come +it did. While Cæcilius was placing her beyond +danger, the rescript of the Proconsul had been +received at the office of the Duumvirs. +</p> + +<p> +The absence of the Proconsul from Carthage had +been the cause of the delay; and then, some investigation +was needed to understand the relation of Callista’s +seizure to the riot on the one hand, and to the +strong act of the military on the other, in quelling it. +It was thought that something or other might come +to light to account for the anomalous and unaccountable +position which she had taken up. The imperial +government considered it had now a clear view of her +case, and its orders were distinct and peremptory. +Christianity was to cease to be. It was a subtle foe, +<pb n="353"/><anchor id="Pg353"/>sapping the vitals of the state. Rome must perish, +or this illegal association. Such evasions as Callista +had used were but instances of its craft. Its treason +lay, not in its being Christianity, but in its not sacrificing +to the gods of Rome. Callista was but throwing +dust in their eyes. There had been no blow +struck against the treason in inland Africa. Women +had often been the most dangerous of conspirators. +As she was a stranger, there was more probability of +her connection with secret societies, and also less +inconvenience in her execution. Whatever happened, +she was to be got rid of; but first her resolution was +to be broken, for the sake of the example. First, let +her be brought before the tribunal and threatened: +then thrust into the Tullianum; then put upon the +rack, and returned to prison; then scorched over a +slow fire; last of all, beheaded, and left for beasts of +prey. She would sacrifice ere the last stage was +reached. When she had given way, let her be given +up to the gladiators. The message ended by saying +that the Proconsular Procurator, who came by the +same carriages, would preside at the process. +</p> + +<p> +O wisdom of the world! and strength of the world! +what are you when matched beside the foolishness and +the weakness of the Christian? You are great in resources, +manifold in methods, hopeful in prospects; +but one thing you have not,—and that is peace. You +are always tumultuous, restless, apprehensive. You +have nothing you can rely upon. You have no rock +under your feet. But the humblest, feeblest Christian +<pb n="354"/><anchor id="Pg354"/>has that which is impossible to you. Callista had +once felt the misery of maladies akin to yours. She +had passed through doubt, anxiety, perplexity, despondency, +passion; but now she was in peace. Now +she feared the torture or the flame as little as the +breeze which arose at nightfall, or the busy chatter of +the grasshoppers at the noonday. Nay, rather, she +did not think of torture and death at all, but was +possessed by a peace which bore her up, as if bodily, +on its mighty wings. For hours she remained on her +knees, after Cæcilius left her: then she lay down on +her rushes and slept her last sleep. +</p> + +<p> +She slept sound; she dreamed. She thought she +was no longer in Africa, but in her own Greece, more +sunny and bright than before; but the inhabitants +were gone. Its majestic mountains, its rich plains, its +expanse of waters, all silent: no one to converse with, +no one to sympathize with. And, as she wandered +on and wondered, suddenly its face changed, and its +colours were illuminated tenfold by a heavenly glory, +and each hue upon the scene was of a beauty she had +never known, and seemed strangely to affect all her +senses at once, being fragrance and music, as well as +light. And there came out of the grottoes and glens +and woods, and out of the seas, myriads of bright +images, whose forms she could not discern; and these +came all around her, and became a sort of scene or +landscape, which she could not have described in +words, as if it were a world of spirits, not of matter. +And as she gazed, she thought she saw before her a +<pb n="355"/><anchor id="Pg355"/>well-known face, only glorified. She, who had been +a slave, now was arrayed more brilliantly than an +oriental queen; and she looked at Callista with a +smile so sweet, that Callista felt she could but dance +to it. +</p> + +<p> +And as she looked more earnestly, doubting +whether she should begin or not, the face changed, +and now was more marvellous still. It had an innocence +in its look, and also a tenderness, which bespoke +both Maid and Mother, and so transported Callista, +that she must needs advance towards her, out of love +and reverence. And the lady seemed to make signs +of encouragement: so she began a solemn measure, +unlike all dances of earth, with hands and feet, +serenely moving on towards what she heard some of +them call a great action and a glorious consummation, +though she did not know what they meant. +At length she was fain to sing as well as dance; and +her words were, <q>In the name of the Father, and of +the Son, and of the Holy Ghost;</q> on which another +said, <q>A good beginning of the sacrifice.</q> And +when she had come close to this gracious figure, there +was a fresh change. The face, the features were the +same; but the light of Divinity now seemed to beam +through them, and the hair parted, and hung down +long on each side of the forehead; and there was a +crown of another fashion than the Lady’s round about +it, made of what looked like thorns. And the palms +of the hands were spread out as if towards her, and +there were marks of wounds in them. And the +<pb n="356"/><anchor id="Pg356"/>vestment had fallen, and there was a deep opening +in the side. And as she stood entranced before Him, +and motionless, she felt a consciousness that her own +palms were pierced like His, and her feet also. And +she looked round, and saw the likeness of His face +and of His wounds upon all that company. And +now they were suddenly moving on, and bearing +something or some one, heavenwards; and they too +began to sing, and their words seemed to be, +<q>Rejoice with Me, for I have found My sheep,</q> +ever repeated. They went up through an avenue or +long grotto, with torches of diamonds, and amethysts, +and sapphires, which lit up its spars and made them +sparkle. And she tried to look, but could not discover +what they were carrying, till she heard a very +piercing cry, which awoke her. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXXIII" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="357"/><anchor id="Pg357"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXXIII. A good confession"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXXIII.</head> + +<head type="sub">A GOOD CONFESSION.</head> + +<p> +The cry came from the keeper’s wife, whom we have +described as kindly disposed to her. She was a +Lybo-Phœnician, and spoke a broken Latin; but the +language of sympathy is universal, in spite of Babel. +<q>Callista,</q> she exclaimed; <q>girl, they have sent for +you; you are to die. O frightful! worse than a runaway +slave,—the torture! Give in. What’s the +harm? you are so young: those terrible men with +the pincers and hot bars!</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista sat up, and passed from her vision to her +prison. She smiled and said, <q>I am ready; I am +going home.</q> The woman looked almost frightened, +and with some shade of disgust and disappointment. +She, as others, might have thought it impossible, as it +was unaccountable, that when it came to the point +Callista would hold out. <q>She’s crazed,</q> she said. +<q>I am ready, mother,</q> Callista said, and she got up. +<q>You have been very good to me,</q> she continued; +<q>I have been saying many prayers for you, while my +prayers were of no good, for then He was not mine. +But now I have espoused Him, and am going to be +married to-day, and He will hear me.</q> The woman +<pb n="358"/><anchor id="Pg358"/>stared at her stupidly, as much as to make it evident +that if afterwards a change took place in her, as in +Callista, that change too, though in so different a soul, +must come of something beyond nature. She had +something in her hand, and said, <q>It’s useless to give +a mad woman like her the packet, which my man has +brought me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista took the packet, which was directed to her, +and broke the seal. It was from her brother. The +little roll of worn parchment opened; a dagger fell +out. Some lines were written on the parchment; +they were dated Carthage, and ran as follows:— +</p> + +<p> +<q>Aristo to his dearest Callista. I write through +Cornelius. You have not had it in your power to kill +me, but you have taken away half my life. For me, +I will cherish the other half, for I love life better than +death. But you love annihilation; yet, if so, die not +like a slave. Die nobly, mindful of your country; I +send you the means.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Callista was beyond reflecting on anything around +her, except as in a sort of dream. As common men +think and speak of heaven, so she now thought and +spoke of earth. <q>I wish <hi rend="italic">Him</hi> to kill me, not myself,</q> +she said. <q>I am His victim. My brother! I have +no brother, except One, who is calling me.</q> +</p> + +<p> +She was carried to court, and the examination followed. +We have already given a specimen of such a +process; here it will be sufficient to make use of two +documents, different in kind, as far as they go, which +have come down to us. The first is an alto-relief, +<pb n="359"/><anchor id="Pg359"/>which once was coloured, not first-rate in art or execution, +and of the date of the Emperor Constantius, +about a century later. It was lately discovered in the +course of excavations made at El Kaf, the modern +Sicca, on the ruins of a church or Roman basilica, for +the building in question seems to have served each +purpose successively. In this sculpture the prætorium +is represented, and the tribunal of the president in it. +The tribunal is a high throne, with wings curving +round on each side, making the whole construction +extend to almost a semicircle, and it is ascended by +steps between the wings. The curule chair is at the +top of the steps; and in the middle and above it are +purple curtains, reaching down to the platform, drawn +back on each side, and when drawn close together +running behind the chair, and constituting what was +called the <hi rend="italic">secretarium</hi>. On one side of the tribunal is +a table covered with carpeting, and looking something +like a modern ottoman, only higher, and not level at +top; and it has upon it the Book of Mandates, the +sign of jurisdiction. The sword too is represented in +the sculpture, to show a criminal case is proceeding. +The procurator is seated on the chair; he is in purple, +and has a gold chain of triple thread. We can also +distinguish his lawyers, whether assessors or <hi rend="italic">consiliarii</hi>; +also his lictors and soldiers. There, too, are +the notaries in a line below him; they are writing +down the judge’s questions and the prisoner’s answers: +and one of them is turning round to her, as if to +make her speak more loudly. She herself is mounted +<pb n="360"/><anchor id="Pg360"/>upon a sort of platform, called <hi rend="italic">catasta</hi>, like that on +which slaves were put up for sale. Two soldiers are by +her, who appear to have been dragging her forwards. +The executioners are also delineated, naked to the +waist, with instruments of torture in their hands. +</p> + +<milestone unit="tb"/> +<p> +The second document is a fragment of the <hi rend="italic">Acta +Proconsularia</hi> of her Passion. If, indeed, it could be +trusted to the letter, as containing Callista’s answers +word for word, it would have a distinctly sacred character, +in consequence of our Lord’s words, <q>It shall +be given you in that hour what to speak.</q> However, +we attach no such special value to this document, +since it comes to us through heathen notaries, who +may not have been accurate reporters; not to say +that before we did so we ought to look very carefully +into its genuineness. As it is, we believe it to be as +true as any part of our narrative, and not truer. It +runs as follows:— +</p> + +<milestone unit="tb"/> +<p> +<q rend="post: none">Cneius Messius Decius Augustus II., and Gratus, +Consuls, on the seventh before the Calends of August, +in Sicca Veneria, a colony, in the Secretary at the +Tribunal, Martianus, procurator, sitting; Callista, a +maker of images, was brought up by the Commentariensis +on a charge of Christianity, and when she was +placed,</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Martianus</hi>, the procurator, said: This folly has +been too long; you have made images, and now you +will not worship them.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="361"/><anchor id="Pg361"/> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Callista</hi> answered: For I have found my true +Love, whom before I knew not.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Martianus</hi>, the procurator, said: Your true love is, +I ween, your last love; for all were true in their +time.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Callista</hi> said: I worship my true Love, who is the +Only True; and He is the Son of God, and I know +none but Him.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Martianus</hi>, the procurator, said: You will not +worship the gods, but you are willing to love their +sons.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Callista</hi> said: He is the true Son of the True God; +and I am His, and He is mine.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Martianus</hi>, the procurator, said: Let alone your +loves, and swear by the genius of the emperor.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Callista</hi> said: I have but one Lord, the King of +kings, the Ruler of all.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Martianus</hi>, the procurator, turned to the lictor +and said: This folly is madness; take her hand, put +incense in it, and hold it over the flame.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Callista</hi> said: You may compel me by your +great strength, but my own true Lord and Love is +stronger.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Martianus</hi>, the procurator, said: You are bewitched; +but we must undo the spell. Take her to +the Lignum (the prison for criminals).</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Callista</hi> said: He has been there before me, and +He will come to me there.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Martianus</hi>, the procurator, said: The jailer will +see to that. Let her be brought up to-morrow.</q> +</p> + +<pb n="362"/><anchor id="Pg362"/> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">On the day following, Martianus, the procurator, +sitting at the tribunal, called up Callista. He said: +Honour our lord, and sacrifice to the gods.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Callista</hi> said: Let me alone; I am content with +my One and only Lord.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Martianus</hi>, the procurator, said: What? did he +come to you in prison, as you hoped?</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Callista</hi> said: He came to me amid much pain; +and the pain was pleasant, for He came in it.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Martianus</hi>, the procurator, said: You have got +worn and yellow, and he will leave you.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Callista</hi> said: He loves me the more, for I am +beautiful when I am black.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none"><hi rend="smallcaps">Martianus</hi>, the procurator, said: Throw her into +the Tullianum; perhaps she will find her god there +also.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q rend="post: none">Then the procurator entered into the Secretary, and +drew the veil; and dictated the sentence for the +tabella. Then he came out, and the præco read it:—Callista, +a senseless and reprobate woman, is hereby +sentenced to be thrown into the Tullianum; then to +be stretched on the equuleus; then to be placed on a +slow fire; lastly, to be beheaded, and left to the dogs +and birds.</q> +</p> + +<p> +<q><hi rend="smallcaps">Callista</hi> said: Thanks to my Lord and King.</q> +</p> +<milestone unit="tb"/> +<p> +Here the Acta end: and though they seem to want +their conclusion, yet they supply nearly every thing +which is necessary for our purpose. The one subject +on which a comment is needed, is the state prison, +<pb n="363"/><anchor id="Pg363"/>which, though so little is said of it in the above Report, +is in fact the real <hi rend="italic">medium</hi>, as we may call it, for +appreciating its information; a few words will suffice +for our purpose. +</p> + +<p> +The state prison, then, was arranged on pretty +much one and the same plan through the Roman +empire, nay, we may say, throughout the ancient +world. It was commonly attached to the government +buildings, and consisted of two parts. The first was +the vestibule, or outward prison, which was a hall, +approached from the prætorium, and surrounded by +cells, opening into it. The prisoners, who were confined +in these cells, had the benefit of the air and +light, which the hall admitted. Such was the place +of confinement allotted to St. Paul at Cæsarea, which +is said to be the <q>prætorium of Herod.</q> And hence, +perhaps, it is that, in the touching Passion of St. +Perpetua and St. Felicitas, St. Perpetua tells us that, +when permitted to have her child, though she was in +the inner portion, which will next be described, <q>suddenly +the prison seemed to her like the prætorium.</q> +</p> + +<p> +From this vestibule there was a passage into the +interior prison, called Robur or Lignum, from the +beams of wood, which were the instruments of confinement, +or from the character of its floor. It had +no window or outlet, except this door, which, when +closed, absolutely shut out light and air. Air, indeed, +and coolness might be obtained for it by the <hi rend="italic">barathrum</hi>, +presently to be spoken of, but of what nature we shall +then see. The apartment, called Lignum, was the +<pb n="364"/><anchor id="Pg364"/>place into which St. Paul and St. Silas were cast at +Philippi, before it was known that they were Romans. +After scourging them severely, the magistrates, who +nevertheless were but the local authorities, and had +no proper jurisdiction in criminal cases, <q>put them in +prison, bidding the jailer to keep them carefully; +who, on receiving such a command, put them in the +inner prison, and fastened them in the lignum.</q> And +in the Acts of the Scillitane Martyrs we read of the +Proconsul giving sentence, <q>Let them be thrown into +prison, let them be put into the Lignum, till to-morrow.</q> +</p> + +<p> +The utter darkness, the heat, and the stench of +this miserable place, in which the inmates were confined +day and night, is often dwelt upon by the +martyrs and their biographers. <q>After a few days,</q> +says St. Perpetua, <q>we were taken to the prison, and +I was frightened, for I never had known such +darkness. O bitter day! the heat was excessive by +reason of the crowd there.</q> In the Acts of St. +Pionius, and others of Smyrna, we read that the +jailers <q>shut them up in the inner part of the prison, +so that, bereaved of all comfort and light, they were +forced to sustain extreme torment, from the darkness +and stench of the prison.</q> And, in like manner, +other martyrs of Africa, about the time of St. +Cyprian’s martyrdom, that is, eight or ten years later +than the date of this story, say, <q>We were not frightened +at the foul darkness of that place; for soon +that murky prison was radiant with the brightness of +the Spirit. What days, what nights we passed there +<pb n="365"/><anchor id="Pg365"/>no words can describe. The torments of that prison no +statement can equal.</q> +</p> + +<p> +Yet there was a place of confinement even worse +than this. In the floor of this inner prison was a sort +of trap-door, or hole, opening into the <hi rend="italic">barathrum</hi>, or +pit, and called, from the original prison at Rome, the +Tullianum. Sometimes prisoners were confined here, +sometimes despatched by being cast headlong into it +through the opening. It was into this pit at Rome +that St. Chrysanthus was cast; and there, and probably +in other cities, it was nothing short of the public +cesspool. +</p> + +<p> +It may be noticed that the Prophet Jeremiah seems +to have had personal acquaintance with Vestibule, +Robur, and Barathrum. We read in one place of his +being shut up in the <q>atrium,</q> that is, the vestibule, +<q>of the prison, which was in the house of the king.</q> +At another time he is in the <q>ergastulum,</q> which +would seem to be the inner prison. Lastly his enemies +let him down by ropes into the lacus or pit, in +which <q>there was no water, but mud.</q> +</p> + +<p> +As to Callista, then, after the first day’s examination, +she was thrown for nearly twenty-four hours +into the stifling Robur, or inner prison. After the +sentence, on the second day, she was let down, as the +commencement of her punishment, that is, of her +martyrdom, into the loathsome Barathrum, lacus, +or pit, called Tullianum, there to lie for another twenty +hours before she was brought out to the equuleus +or rack. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXXIV" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="366"/><anchor id="Pg366"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXXIV. The martyrdom"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXXIV.</head> + +<head type="sub">THE MARTYRDOM.</head> + +<p> +Callista had sighed for the bright and clear +atmosphere of Greece, and she was thrown into the +Robur and plunged into the Barathrum of Sicca. +But in reality, though she called it Greece, she was +panting after a better country and a more lasting +home, and this country and home she had found. She +was now setting out for it. +</p> + +<p> +It was, indeed, no slight marvel that she was not +already there. She had been lowered into that pit of +death before noon on the day of her second examination, +and, excepting some unwholesome bread and +water, according to the custom of the prison, had had +no food since she came into the custody of the <hi rend="italic">commentariensis</hi> +the day before. The order came from +the magistrates to bring her out earlier in the morning +than was intended, or the prison might have really +effected that death which Calphurnius had purposed +to pretend. When the apparitors attempted to raise +her, she neither spoke or moved, nor could well be +seen. <q>Black as Orcus,</q> said one of the fellows, +<q>another torch there! I can’t see where she nestles.</q> +<q>There she is, like a bundle of clothes,</q> said another. +<q>Madam gets up late this morning,</q> said a third. +<pb n="367"/><anchor id="Pg367"/><q>She’s used to softer couches,</q> said a fourth. <q>Ha! +ha! ’tis a spoiler of beauty, this hole,</q> said a fifth. +<q>She is the demon of stubbornness, and must be +crushed,</q> said the jailer; <q>she likes it, or she would +not choose it.</q> <q>The plague take the witch,</q> said +another; <q>we shall have better seasons when a few +like her are ferreted out.</q> +</p> + +<p> +They got her out like a corpse, and put her on the +ground outside the prison. When she still did not +move, two of them took her between them on their +shoulders and arms, and began to move forward, the +instrument of torture preceding her. The fresh air +of the morning revived her; she soon sat up. She +seemed to drink in life again, and became conscious. +<q>O beautiful Light!</q> she whispered, <q>O lovely Light, +my light and my life! O my Light and my Life, +receive me!</q> Gradually she became fully alive to all +that was going on. She was going to death, and that +rather than deny Him who had bought her by His +own death. He had suffered for her, and she was to +suffer for Him. He had been racked on the Cross, +she too was to have her limbs dislocated after His +pattern. She scarcely rested on the men’s shoulders; +and they vowed afterwards that they thought she was +going to fly away, vile witch as she was. +</p> + +<p> +<q>The witch, the witch,</q> the mob screamed out, for +she had now come to the place of her conflict. +<q><hi rend="italic">We’ll</hi> pay you off for blight and pestilence! +Where’s our bread, where’s the maize and barley, +where are the grapes?</q> And they uttered fierce +<pb n="368"/><anchor id="Pg368"/>yells of execration, and seemed disposed to break +through the line of apparitors, and to tear her to +pieces. Yet, after all, it was not a very hearty +uproar, but got up for the occasion. The populace +had spent their force, not to say their lives, in the riot +in which she was apprehended. The priests and +priestesses of the temples had sent the poor wretches +and paid them. +</p> + +<p> +The place of execution was on the north-east of the +city, outside the walls, and towards the mountain. It +was where slaves were buried, and it was as hideous +as such spots usually were. The neighbourhood was +wild, open to the beasts of prey, who at night used to +descend and feast upon the corpses. As Callista approached +to the scene of her suffering, the expression +of her countenance had so altered that a friend would +scarce have known it. There was a tenderness in it +and a modesty which never had been there in that old +time. Her cheek had upon it a blush, as when the +rising sun suddenly touches some grey rock or tower +yet it was white and glistening too, so much so that +others might have said it was like silver. Her eyes +were larger than they had been, and gazed steadfastly, +as if at what the multitude did not see. Her lips +spoke of sweet peace and deep composure. When +at length she came close upon the rabble, who had +been screaming and yelling so fiercely, men, women, +and boys suddenly held their peace. It was first from +curiosity, then from amazement, then from awe. At +length a fear smote through them, and a strange pity +<pb n="369"/><anchor id="Pg369"/>and reverence. They almost seemed inclined to +worship what stirred them so much, they knew not +how; a new idea had visited those poor ignorant +souls. +</p> + +<p> +A few minutes sufficed to put the rack into working +order. She was laid down upon its board in her +poor bedimmed tunic, which once flashed so bright +in the sun,—she who had been ever so delicate in +her apparel. Her wrists and ankles were seized, +extended, fastened to the moveable blocks at the +extremities of the plank. She spoke her last word, +<q>For Thee, my Lord and Love, for Thee!... +Accept me, O my Love, upon this bed of pain! +And come to me, O my Love, make haste and +come!</q> The men turned round the wheels rapidly +to and fro; the joints were drawn out of their sockets, +and then snapped in again. She had fainted. They +waited for her coming-to; they still waited; they got +impatient. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Dash some water on her,</q> said one. <q>Spit in her +face, and it will do,</q> said a second. <q>Prick her with +your spike,</q> said a third. <q>Hold your wild talk,</q> +said a fourth; <q>she’s gone to the shades.</q> They +gathered round, and looked at her attentively. They +could not bring her back. So it was: she had gone +to her Lord and her Love. +</p> + +<p> +<q>Lay her out for the wolves and vultures,</q> said the +<hi rend="italic">cornicularius</hi>, and he was going to appoint guards till +nightfall, when up came the <hi rend="italic">stationarii</hi> and Calphurnius +in high wrath. +</p> + +<pb n="370"/><anchor id="Pg370"/> + +<p> +<q>You dogs!</q> he cried, <q>what trick have you been +practising against the soldiers of Rome?</q> However, +expostulation and reproach were bootless; nor would +it answer here to go into the quarrel which ensued +over the dead body. The magistrates, having got +scent of Calphurnius’s scheme, had outwitted the +tribune by assigning an earlier hour than was usual +for the execution. Life could not be recalled; nor +did the soldiers of course dare publicly to disobey the +Proconsul’s order for the exposure of the corpse. All +that could be done, they did. They took her down +with rude reverence from the rack, and placed her on +the sand; and then they set guards to keep off the +rabble, and to avail themselves of any opportunity +which might occur to show consideration towards her. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXXV" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="371"/><anchor id="Pg371"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXXV. The Corpo Santo"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXXV.</head> + +<head type="sub">THE CORPO SANTO.</head> + +<p> +The sun of Africa has passed over the heavens, but +has not dared with one of his fierce rays to profane +the sacred relics which lie out before him. The mists +of evening rise up, and the heavy dews fall, but they +neither bring the poison of decay to that gracious +body, nor receive it thence. The beasts of the wild +are roaming and roaring at a distance, or nigh at +hand: not any one of them presumes to touch her. +No vultures may promise themselves a morning meal +from such a victim, as they watch through the night +upon the high crags which overlook her. The stars +have come out on high, and, they too look down +upon Callista, as if they were funeral lights in her +honour. Next the moon rises up to see what has +been going on, and edges the black hangings of the +night with silver. Yet mourning and dirge are but +of formal observance, when a brave champion has +died for her God. The world of ghosts has as little +power over such an one as the world of nature. No +evil spirit has aught to say to her, who has gone in +her baptismal white before the Throne. No penal +<pb n="372"/><anchor id="Pg372"/>fire shall be her robe, who has been carried in her +bright <hi rend="italic">flammeum</hi> to the Bridal Chamber of the Lamb. +A divine odour fills the air, issuing from that senseless, +motionless, broken frame. A circle of light +gleams round her brow, and, even when the daylight +comes again, it there is faintly seen. Her features +have reassumed their former majesty, but with an +expression of childlike innocence and heavenly peace. +The thongs have drawn blood at the wrists and +ankles, which has run and soaked into the sand; but +angels received the body from the soldiers when they +took it off the rack, and it lies, sweetly and modestly +composed, upon the ground. +</p> + +<p> +Passers-by stand still and gaze; idlers gather round. +The report spreads in Sicca that neither sun by day, +nor moon by night, nor moist atmosphere, nor beast +of prey, has power over the wonderful corpse. Nay, +that they cannot come near it without falling under +some strange influence, which makes them calm and +grave, expels bad passions, and allays commotion of +mind. Many come again and again, for the mysterious +and soothing effect she exerts upon them. They +cannot talk freely about it to each other, and are +seized with a sacred fear when they attempt to do so. +Those who have merely heard their report without +seeing her, say that these men have been in a grove +of the Eumenides, or have suddenly encountered the +wolf. The popular sensation continues and extends; +some say it is magical, others that it is from the +great gods. Day sinks again into evening, evening +<pb n="373"/><anchor id="Pg373"/>becomes night; the night wears out, and morning is +coming again. +</p> + +<p> +It begins to dawn: a glimmer is faintly spread +abroad, and, mixing with the dark, makes twilight, +which gradually brightens, and the outlines of nature +rise dimly out of the night. Gradually the sacred +body comes to sight; and, as the light grows stronger +around it, gradually too the forms of five men emerge, +who had not been there the night before. One is in +front; the rest behind with a sort of bier or litter. +They stand on the mountain side of her, and must +have come from the country. It has been a bold +enterprise theirs, to expose themselves to the nightly +beasts, and now again to the rabble and the soldiers. +The soldiers are at some little distance, silent and +watchful; such of the rabble as have passed the night +there have had some superstitious object in their stay. +They have thought to get portions of the flesh for +magical purposes; a finger, or a tooth, or some hair, +or a portion of her tunic, or the blood-stained rope +which was twisted round her wrist and ankle. +</p> + +<p> +As the light makes her at length quite visible to +the youth on the other side, who stands by himself +with clasped hands and tearful eyes, he shrinks from +the sight. He turns round to his companions who are +provided with a large winding-sheet or pall, and with +the help of one of them, to the surprise of the populace, +he spreads it all over the body. And having +done this, he stands again trembling, just for a few +seconds, absorbed in his meditations, praying and +<pb n="374"/><anchor id="Pg374"/>weeping, and nerving himself for what is to follow. +Ah, poor Agellius! you have not risen yet to the +pitch of triumph; and other thoughts must be let to +range through your breast, other emotions must spend +themselves, before you are prepared simply to rejoice, +exult, and glory in the lifeless form which lies before +you. You are upon a brave work, but your heart is +torn while you set hand to it, and you linger before +you begin. +</p> + +<p> +It was in the pride of her earthly beauty and the +full vigour and elevation of her mind, that he last had +seen her. It seemed an age since that morning, as if +a chasm ran between the now and the then, when she +so fascinated him with her presence, and so majestically +rebuked him for bowing to that fascination. Yet +on his memory every incident of that interview was +fixed, and was indelible. O why should the great +Creator shatter one of His most admirable works! If +the order of the sun and stars is adorable, if the laws +by which earth and sea are kept together mark the +Hand of supreme Wisdom and Power, how much +nobler perfection of beauty is manifested in man! And +of human nature itself here was the supereminent +crown, a soul full of gifts, full of greatness, full of +intellect, placed in an outward form, equally surpassing +in its kind, and still more surpassingly +excellent from its intimate union and subordination +to the soul, so as almost to be its simple expression; +yet this choicest, rarest specimen of Almighty skill, +the Almighty had pitilessly shattered, in order that it +<pb n="375"/><anchor id="Pg375"/>might inherit a higher, an eternal perfection. O +mystery of mysteries, that heaven should not be +possibly obtained without such grinding down and +breaking up of our original nature! O mysterious, +that principle in us, whatever it is, and however it +came there, which is so antagonistic to God, which +has so spoilt what seems so good, that all must be +undone, and must begin anew! <q>An enemy hath +done this;</q> and, knowing as much as this, and no +more, we must leave the awful mystery to that day +when all things shall be made light. +</p> + +<p> +Agellius has not been idle while these thoughts +pass through his mind. He has stooped down and +scooped up such portions of the sand as are moistened +with her blood, and has committed them to a +small bag which he has taken out of his bosom. +Then without delay, looking round to his attendants, +and signing to them, with two of the party he resolutely +crossed over to the other side of the corpse, +covering it from attack, while his two assistants who +were left proceeded quickly to lay hold of it. They +had raised it, laid it on the bier, and were setting off +by an unusual track across the waste, while Agellius, +Aspar, and the third were grappling with some +ruffians who had rushed upon them. Few, however, +were there as yet to take part against them, but their +cries of alarm were bringing others up, and the Christians +were in growing danger of being worsted and +carried off, when suddenly the soldiers interfered. +Under pretence of keeping the peace, they laid about +<pb n="376"/><anchor id="Pg376"/>them with their heavy maces; and so it was, the blows +took effect on the heads and shoulders of the rabble, +with but slight injury to Agellius and his companions. +The latter took instant advantage of the diversion, +and vanished out of view by the same misleading +track which their comrades had already chosen. If +they, or the party who had preceded them, came +within the range of sight of any goatherds upon the +mountains, we must suppose that angels held those +heathen eyes that they should not recognise them. +</p> + +</div><div type="chapter" n="XXXVI" rend="page-break-before: always"> +<pb n="377"/><anchor id="Pg377"/> +<index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="XXXVI. Lux perpetua sanctis tuis, domine"/> +<head>CHAPTER XXXVI.</head> + +<head type="sub">LUX PERPETUA SANCTIS TUIS, DOMINE.</head> + +<p> +The bier and its bearers, and its protectors, have +reached the cave in safety, and pace down the gallery, +preceded by its Christian hosts, with lighted tapers, +singing psalms. They place the sacred body before +the altar, and the mass begins. St. Cyprian celebrates, +and after the Gospel, he adds a few words of +his own. +</p> + +<p> +He said that they were engaged in praising, blessing, +and exalting the adorable Grace of God, which +had snatched so marvellously a brand out of the furnace. +Benedicamus Patrem et Filium cum Sancto +Spiritu. Benedictus, et laudabilis, et gloriosus, et +superexaltatus in sæcula. Every day doing marvels +and exceeding all that seemed possible in power and +love, by new and still newer manifestations. A Greek +had come to Africa to embellish the shrines of +heathenism, to minister to the usurpation of the evil +one, and to strengthen the old ties which connected +genius with sin; and she had suddenly found salvation. +But yesterday a poor child of earth, and to-day +an inhabitant of the heavens. But yesterday +without God and without hope; and to-day a martyr +<pb n="378"/><anchor id="Pg378"/>with a green palm and golden vestment, worshipping +before the Throne. But yesterday the slave of Satan, +and spending herself on the vanities of time; and to-day +drinking of the never-cloying torrents of bliss +everlasting. But yesterday one of a number, a grain +of a vast heap, destined indiscriminately for the +flame; to-day one of the elect souls, written from +eternity in the book of life, and predestined to glory. +But yesterday, hungry and thirsty, and restless for +some object worthy an immortal spirit; to-day enjoying +the ineffable ecstasy of the Marriage Feast +and the espousals of Emmanuel. But yesterday +tossed about on a sea of opinion; and to-day +entranced in the vision of infallible truth and immutable +sanctity. And yet what was she but only one +instance out of ten thousand, of the Almighty and +All-manifold Grace of the Redeemer? And who +was there of all of them, there assembled, from the +most heroic down to the humblest beginner, from the +authoritative preacher down to the slave or peasant, +but was equally, though in his own way, a miracle of +mercy, and a vessel, once of wrath, if now of glory? +Only might he and all who heard him persevere as +they had begun, so that if (as was so probable) their +trial was to be like hers, its issue might be like hers +also. +</p> + +<p> +St. Cyprian ceased; and, while the deacon opened +the <hi rend="italic">sindon</hi> for the offertory, the faithful took up alternately +the verses of a hymn, which we here insert in +a most unworthy translation:— +</p> + +<pb n="379"/><anchor id="Pg379"/> + +<lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">The number of Thine own complete,</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">Sum up and make an end;</l> +<l>Sift clean the chaff, and house the wheat,—</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">And then, O Lord, descend.</l> + +</lg><lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">Descend, and solve by that descent,</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">This mystery of life;</l> +<l>Where good and ill, together blent,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">Wage an undying strife.</l> +</lg><lg> + <l><q rend="post: none">For rivers twain are gushing still,</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">And pour a mingled flood;</l> +<l>Good in the very depths of ill—</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">Ill in the heart of good.</l> +</lg><lg> + <l><q rend="post: none">The last are first, the first are last,</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">As angel eyes behold;</l> +<l>These from the sheepcote sternly cast,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">Those welcomed to the fold.</l> +</lg><lg> + <l><q rend="post: none">No Christian home, no pastor’s eye,</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">No preacher’s vocal zeal,</l> +<l>Moved Thy dear martyr to defy</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">The prison and the wheel.</l> +</lg><lg> + <l><q rend="post: none">Forth from the heathen ranks she stepped</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">The forfeit throne to claim</l> +<l>Of Christian souls who had not kept</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">Their birthright and their name.</l> +</lg><lg> + <l><q rend="post: none">Grace formed her out of sinful dust;</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">She knelt a soul defiled;</l> +<l>She rose in all the faith and trust</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">And sweetness of a child.</l> +</lg><lg> + <l><q rend="post: none">And in the freshness of that love</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">She preached by word and deed,</l> +<l>The mysteries of the world above—</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">Her new-found glorious creed.</l> +</lg><lg> + <l><q rend="post: none">And running, in a little hour,</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">Of life the course complete,</l> +<l>She reached the throne of endless power,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">And sits at <anchor id="corr379"/><corr sic="Jesu's">Jesus’</corr> feet.</l> +</lg> + +<pb n="380"/><anchor id="Pg380"/> + +<lg> +<l><q rend="post: none">Her spirit there, her body here,</q></l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2">Make one the earth and sky;</l> +<l>We use her name, we touch her bier,</l> +<l rend="margin-left: 2"><q rend="pre: none">We know her God is nigh.</q></l> +</lg> + +<p> +The last sentiment of the yet unfinished hymn was +receiving an answer while they sang it. Juba had +been brought into the chapel in the hands of his +brother and the exorcists. Since he had been under +their care, he had been, on the whole, calm and manageable, +with intervals of wild tempest and mad terror. +He spoke, at times, of an awful incubus weighing on +his chest, which he could not throw off, and said he +hoped that they would not think all the blasphemies +he uttered were his own. On this occasion, he struggled +most violently, and shook with distress; and, as +they brought him towards the sacred relics, a thick, +cold dew stood upon his brow, and his features shrank +and collapsed. He held back, and exerted himself +with all his might to escape, foaming at the mouth, +and from time to time uttering loud shrieks and horrible +words, which disturbed, though they could not +interrupt, the hymn. His bearers persevered; they +brought him close to Callista, and made him touch +her feet with his hands. Immediately he screamed +fearfully, and was sent up into the air with such force +that he seemed discharged from some engine of war: +then he fell back upon the earth apparently lifeless. +</p> + +<p> +The long prayer was ended; the <hi rend="italic">Sursum corda</hi> was +uttered. Juba raised himself from the ground. When +the words of consecration had been said, he adored +with the faithful. After the mass, his attendants +<pb n="381"/><anchor id="Pg381"/>came to him; he was quite changed; he was quiet, +harmless, and silent: the evil spirit had gone out; +but he was an idiot. +</p> + +<p> +This wonderful deliverance was but the beginning +of the miracles which followed the martyrdom of St. +Callista. It may be said to have been the resurrection +of the Church at Sicca. In not many months Decius +was killed, and the persecution ceased there. Castus +was appointed bishop, and numbers began to pour +into the fold. The lapsed asked for peace, or at least +such blessings as they could have. Heathens sought +to be received. When asked for their reason, they +could only say that Callista’s history and death had +affected them with constraining force, and that they +could not help following her steps. Increasing in +boldness, as well as numbers, the Christians cowed +both magistrates and mob. The spirit of the populace +had been already broken; and the continual change +of masters, and measures with them, in the imperial +government, inflicted a chronic timidity on the magistracy. +A handsome church was soon built, to which +Callista’s body was brought, and which remained till +the time of the Diocletian persecution. +</p> + +<p> +Juba attached himself to this church; and, though +he could not be taught even to sweep the sacred +pavement, still he never was troublesome or mischievous. +He continued in this state for about ten +years. At the end of that time, one morning, after +mass, which he always attended in the church porch, +he suddenly went to the bishop, and asked for +<pb n="382"/><anchor id="Pg382"/>baptism. He said that Callista had appeared to him, +and had restored to him his mind. On conversing +with him, the holy Castus found that his recovery +was beyond all doubt: and not knowing how long +his lucid state would last, he had no hesitation, with +such instruction as the time admitted, in administering +the sacred rite, as Juba wished. After receiving it, +he proceeded to the tomb, within which lay St. Callista, +and remained on his knees before his benefactress till +nightfall. Not even then was he disposed to rise; +and so he was left there for the night. Next morning +he was found still in the attitude of prayer, but lifeless. +He had been taken away in his baptismal robe. +</p> + +<p> +As to Agellius, if he be the bishop of that name +who suffered at Sicca in his old age, in the persecution +of Diocletian, we are possessed in this circumstance +of a most interesting fact to terminate his history +withal. What makes this more likely is, that this +bishop is recorded to have removed the body of +St. Callista from its original position, and placed it +under the high altar, at which he said mass daily. +After his own martyrdom, St. Agellius was placed +under the high altar also. +</p> + +<trailer rend="margin-top: 2; text-align: center; font-size: small"> +THE END. +</trailer> + +<trailer rend="margin-top: 2; text-align: center; font-size: x-small"> +THE ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS LIMITED +</trailer> + </div></body> + <back> +<div> + <pgIf output="pdf"> + <then> + </then> + <else> + <div rend="page-break-before: always"> + <index index="toc"/> + <head>Footnotes</head> + <divGen type="footnotes"/> + </div> + </else> + </pgIf> +</div> +<div rend="page-break-before: right; x-class: boxed"> + <index index="toc"/><index index="pdf" level1="Transcriber's Note"/> + <head>Transcriber’s Note</head> + <pgIf output="pdf"> + <then/> + <else> + <p>The author’s footnotes have been moved to the end of the volume.</p> + </else> + </pgIf> + <p>The following typographical errors were corrected:</p> + <list> + <item><ref target="corr010">page 10</ref>, single quote changed to double quote after <q>pilum,</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr034">page 34</ref>, <q>off?</q> changed to <q>off!</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr042">page 42</ref>, <q>tomatos</q> changed to <q>tomatoes</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr069">page 69</ref>, comma removed after <q>spirit</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr135">page 135</ref>, <q>lees</q> changed to <q>less</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr137">page 137</ref>, <q>do!</q> changed to <q>do?</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr157">page 157</ref>, single quote changed to double quote after <q>stronger,</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr181">page 181</ref>, <q>aud</q> changed to <q>and</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr201">page 201</ref>, period changed to question mark after <q>Carthage</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr207">page 207</ref>, <q>throughont</q> changed to <q>throughout</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr228">page 228</ref>, <q>Saturu</q> changed to <q>Saturn</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr230">page 230</ref>, period added after <q>best</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr232">page 232</ref>, period added after <q>again</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr239">page 239</ref>, <q>ou</q> changed to <q>on</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr240">page 240</ref>, <q>be</q> changed to <q>he</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr248">page 248</ref>, <q>you</q> changed to <q>your</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr255">page 255</ref>, <q>to</q> changed to <q>too</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr256">page 256</ref>, <q>n</q> changed to <q>in</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr263">page 263</ref>, period changed to comma after <q>said</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr278">page 278</ref>, period changed to question mark after <q>it</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr300">page 300</ref>, period added after <q>gods</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr303">page 303</ref>, single quote added after <q>do?</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr310">page 310</ref>, quote removed before <q>If</q>, + <ref target="corr310a">added</ref> before <q>it</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr313">page 313</ref>, comma changed to period after <q>was</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr333">page 333</ref>, <q>corrider</q> changed to <q>corridor</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr347">page 347</ref>, comma changed to period after <q>initiation</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr348">page 348</ref>, period added after <q>voice</q></item> + <item><ref target="corr379">page 379</ref>, <q>Jesu's</q> changed to <q>Jesus’</q></item> + </list> + <p>Variations in spelling (like <q>jailer</q> and <q>jailor</q>, <q>Asper</q> and <q>Aspar</q>, <q>Phenician</q> and <q>Phœnician</q>, + <q>Thibursicumber</q> and <q>Thibursicumbur</q>) and hyphenation + (e.g. <q>farm-house</q> and <q>farmhouse</q>, + <q>goodwill</q> and <q>good-will</q>) were not changed.</p> +</div> + <div rend="page-break-before: right"> + <divGen type="pgfooter"/> + </div> + </back> + </text> +</TEI.2> diff --git a/30664.txt b/30664.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..42a3c02 --- /dev/null +++ b/30664.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9895 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Callista by John Henry Cardinal Newman + + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no +restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under +the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or +online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license + + + +Title: Callista + +Author: John Henry Cardinal Newman + +Release Date: December 13, 2009 [Ebook #30664] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: US-ASCII + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALLISTA*** + + + + + + CALLISTA + + A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY + + + + + + CALLISTA + + A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY + + + BY + + JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN + + + "Love thy God, and love Him only, + And thy breast will ne'er be lonely. + In that One Great Spirit meet + All things mighty, grave, and sweet. + Vainly strives the soul to mingle + With a being of our kind; + Vainly hearts with hearts are twined: + For the deepest still is single. + An impalpable resistance + Holds like natures still at distance. + Mortal: love that Holy One, + Or dwell for aye alone." + DE VERE + + +_NEW IMPRESSION_ + + +LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. +39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON +NEW YORK AND BOMBAY +1904 + +_All rights reserved_ + + + + + + _To_ + + _HENRY WILLIAM WILBERFORCE._ + +_To you alone, who have known me so long, and who love me so well, could I +venture to offer a trifle like this. But you will recognise the author in +his work, and take pleasure in the recognition._ + + _J. H. N._ + + + + + + ADVERTISEMENT. + + + + +It is hardly necessary to say that the following Tale is a simple fiction +from beginning to end. It has little in it of actual history, and not much +claim to antiquarian research; yet it has required more reading than may +appear at first sight. + +It is an attempt to imagine and express, from a Catholic point of view, +the feelings and mutual relations of Christians and heathens at the period +to which it belongs, and it has been undertaken as the nearest approach +which the Author could make to a more important work suggested to him from +a high ecclesiastical quarter. + +_September 13, 1855._ + + + + + POSTSCRIPTS TO LATER EDITIONS. + + +_February 8, 1856._--Since the volume has been in print, the Author finds +that his name has got abroad. This gives him reason to add, that he wrote +great part of Chapters I., IV., and V., and sketched the character and +fortunes of Juba, in the early spring of 1848. He did no more till the end +of last July, when he suddenly resumed the thread of his tale, and has +been successful so far as this, that he has brought it to an end. + +Without being able to lay his finger upon instances in point, he has some +misgiving lest, from a confusion between ancient histories and modern +travels, there should be inaccuracies, antiquarian or geographical, in +certain of his minor statements, which carry with them authority when they +cease to be anonymous. + + + +_February 2, 1881.--October, 1888._--In a tale such as this, which professes +in the very first sentence of its Advertisement to be simple fiction from +beginning to end, details may be allowably filled up by the writer's +imagination and coloured by his personal opinions and beliefs, the only +rule binding on him being this--that he has no right to contravene +acknowledged historical facts. Thus it is that Walter Scott exercises a +poet's licence in drawing his Queen Elizabeth and his Claverhouse, and the +author of "Romola" has no misgivings in even imputing hypothetical motives +and intentions to Savonarola. Who, again, would quarrel with Mr. Lockhart, +writing in Scotland, for excluding Pope, or Bishops, or sacrificial rites +from his interesting Tale of Valerius? + +Such was the understanding, as to what I might do and what I might not, +with which I wrote this story; and to make it clearer, I added in the +later editions of this Advertisement, that it was written "from a Catholic +point of view;" while in the earlier, bearing in mind the interests of +historical truth, and the anachronism which I had ventured on at page 82 +in the date of Arnobius and Lactantius, I said that I had not "admitted +any actual interference with known facts without notice," questions of +religious controversy, when I said it, not even coming into my thoughts. I +did not consider my Tale to be in any sense controversial, but to be +specially addressed to Catholic readers, and for their edification. + +This being so, it was with no little surprise I found myself lately +accused of want of truth, because I have followed great authorities in +attributing to Christians of the middle of the third century what is +certainly to be found in the fourth,--devotions, representations, and +doctrines, declaratory of the high dignity of the Blessed Virgin. If I had +left out all mention of these, I should have been simply untrue to my idea +and apprehension of Primitive Christianity. To what positive and certain +facts do I run counter in so doing, even granting that I am indulging my +imagination? But I have allowed myself no such indulgence; I gave good +reasons long ago, in my "Letter to Dr. Pusey" (pp. 53-76), for what I +believe on this matter and for what I have in "Callista" described. + + + + + + CONTENTS. + + + CHAP. PAGE + I. SICCA VENERIA 1 + II. CHRISTIANITY IN SICCA 14 + III. AGELLIUS IN HIS COTTAGE 25 + IV. JUBA 30 + V. JUCUNDUS AT SUPPER 39 + VI. GOTHS AND CHRISTIANS 51 + VII. PERSECUTION IN THE OFFING 64 + VIII. THE NEW GENERATION 80 + IX. JUCUNDUS BAITS HIS TRAP 92 + X. THE DIVINE CALLISTA 111 + XI. CALLISTA'S PREACHING, AND WHAT CAME OF IT 122 + XII. A DEATH 135 + XIII. AND RESURRECTION 145 + XIV. A SMALL CLOUD 159 + XV. A VISITATION 168 + XVI. WORSE AND WORSE 178 + XVII. CHRISTIANOS AD LEONES 189 + XVIII. AGELLIUS FLITS 199 + XIX. A PASSAGE OF ARMS 212 + XX. HE SHALL NOT LOSE HIS REWARD 226 + XXI. STARTLING RUMOURS 235 + XXII. JUCUNDUS PROPOUNDS HIS VIEW OF THE SITUATION 239 + XXIII. GURTA 256 + XXIV. A MOTHER'S BLESSING 266 + XXV. CALLISTA IN DURANCE 274 + XXVI. WHAT CAN IT ALL MEAN? 281 + XXVII. AM I A CHRISTIAN? 291 + XXVIII. A SICK CALL 305 + XXIX. CONVERSION 317 + XXX. TORRES VEDRAS 329 + XXXI. THE BAPTISM 343 + XXXII. THE IMPERIAL RESCRIPT 352 + XXXIII. A GOOD CONFESSION 357 + XXXIV. THE MARTYRDOM 366 + XXXV. THE CORPO SANTO 371 + XXXVI. LUX PERPETUA SANCTIS TUIS, DOMINE 377 + + + + + + + CALLISTA; + + + A TALE OF THE THIRD CENTURY. + + + + + + CHAPTER I. + + + SICCA VENERIA. + + +In no province of the vast Roman empire, as it existed in the middle of +the third century, did Nature wear a richer or a more joyous garb than she +displayed in Proconsular Africa, a territory of which Carthage was the +metropolis, and Sicca might be considered the centre. The latter city, +which was the seat of a Roman colony, lay upon a precipitous or steep +bank, which led up along a chain of hills to a mountainous track in the +direction of the north and east. In striking contrast with this wild and +barren region was the view presented by the west and south, where for many +miles stretched a smiling champaign, exuberantly wooded, and varied with a +thousand hues, till it was terminated at length by the successive tiers of +the Atlas, and the dim and fantastic forms of the Numidian mountains. The +immediate neighbourhood of the city was occupied by gardens, vineyards, +corn-fields, and meadows, crossed or encircled here by noble avenues of +trees or the remains of primeval forests, there by the clustering groves +which wealth and luxury had created. This spacious plain, though level +when compared with the northern heights by which the city was backed, and +the peaks and crags which skirted the southern and western horizon, was +discovered, as light and shadow travelled with the sun, to be diversified +with hill and dale, upland and hollow; while orange gardens, orchards, +olive and palm plantations held their appropriate sites on the slopes or +the bottoms. Through the mass of green, which extended still more thickly +from the west round to the north, might be seen at intervals two solid +causeways tracking their persevering course to the Mediterranean coast, +the one to the ancient rival of Rome, the other to Hippo Regius in +Numidia. Tourists might have complained of the absence of water from the +scene; but the native peasant would have explained to them that the eye +alone had reason to be discontented, and that the thick foliage and the +uneven surface did but conceal what mother earth with no niggard bounty +supplied. The Bagradas, issuing from the spurs of the Atlas, made up in +depth what it wanted in breadth of bed, and ploughed the rich and yielding +mould with its rapid stream, till, after passing Sicca in its way, it fell +into the sea near Carthage. It was but the largest of a multitude of +others, most of them tributaries to it, deepening as much as they +increased it. While channels had been cut from the larger rills for the +irrigation of the open land, brooks, which sprang up in the gravel which +lay against the hills, had been artificially banked with cut stones or +paved with pebbles; and where neither springs nor rivulets were to be +found, wells had been dug, sometimes to the vast depth of as much as 200 +fathoms, with such effect that the spurting column of water had in some +instances drowned the zealous workmen who had been the first to reach it. +And, while such were the resources of less favoured localities or seasons, +profuse rains descended over the whole region for one half of the year, +and the thick summer dews compensated by night for the daily tribute +extorted by an African sun. + +At various distances over the undulating surface, and through the woods, +were seen the villas and the hamlets of that happy land. It was an age +when the pride of architecture had been indulged to the full; edifices, +public and private, mansions and temples, ran off far away from each +market-town or borough, as from a centre, some of stone or marble, but +most of them of that composite of fine earth, rammed tight by means of +frames, for which the Saracens were afterwards famous, and of which +specimens remain to this day, as hard in surface, as sharp at the angles, +as when they first were finished. Every here and there, on hill or crag, +crowned with basilicas and temples, radiant in the sun, might be seen the +cities of the province or of its neighbourhood, Thibursicumber, Thugga, +Laribus, Siguessa, Sufetula, and many others; while in the far distance, +on an elevated table-land under the Atlas, might be discerned the Colonia +Scillitana, famous about fifty years before the date of which we write for +the martyrdom of Speratus and his companions, who were beheaded at the +order of the proconsul for refusing to swear by the genius of Rome and the +emperor. + +If the spectator now takes his stand, not in Sicca itself, but about a +quarter of a mile to the south-east, on the hill or knoll on which was +placed the cottage of Agellius, the city itself will enter into the +picture. Its name, Sicca Veneria, if it be derived (as some suppose) from +the Succoth benoth, or "tents of the daughters," mentioned by the inspired +writer as an object of pagan worship in Samaria, shows that it owed its +foundation to the Phoenician colonists of the country. At any rate, the +Punic deities retained their hold upon the place; the temples of the +Tyrian Hercules and of Saturn, the scene of annual human sacrifices, were +conspicuous in its outline, though these and all other religious buildings +in it looked small beside the mysterious antique shrine devoted to the +sensual rites of the Syrian Astarte. Public baths and a theatre, a +capitol, imitative of Rome, a gymnasium, the long outline of a portico, an +equestrian statue in brass of the Emperor Severus, were grouped together +above the streets of a city, which, narrow and winding, ran up and down +across the hill. In its centre an extraordinary spring threw up +incessantly several tons of water every minute, and was inclosed by the +superstitious gratitude of the inhabitants with the peristylium of a +sacred place. At the extreme back, towards the north, which could not be +seen from the point of view where we last stationed ourselves, there was a +sheer descent of rock, bestowing on the city, when it was seen at a +distance on the Mediterranean side, the same bold and striking appearance +which attaches to Castro Giovanni, the ancient Enna, in the heart of +Sicily. + +And now, withdrawing our eyes from the panorama, whether in its distant or +nearer objects, if we would at length contemplate the spot itself from +which we have been last surveying it, we shall find almost as much to +repay attention, and to elicit admiration. We stand in the midst of a farm +of some wealthy proprietor, consisting of a number of fields and gardens, +separated from each other by hedges of cactus or the aloe. At the foot of +the hill, which sloped down on the side furthest from Sicca to one of the +tributaries of the rich and turbid river of which we have spoken, a large +yard or garden, intersected with a hundred artificial rills, was devoted +to the cultivation of the beautiful and odoriferous _khennah_. A thick +grove of palms seemed to triumph in the refreshment of the water's side, +and lifted up their thankful boughs towards heaven. The barley harvest in +the fields which lay higher up the hill was over, or at least was +finishing; and all that remained of the crop was the incessant and +importunate chirping of the _cicadae_, and the rude booths of reeds and +bulrushes, now left to wither, in which the peasant boys found shelter +from the sun, while in an earlier month they frightened from the grain the +myriads of linnets, goldfinches, and other small birds who, as in other +countries, contested with the human proprietor the possession of it. On +the south-western slope lies a neat and carefully dressed vineyard, the +vine-stakes of which, dwarfish as they are, already cast long shadows on +the eastern side. Slaves are scattered over it, testifying to the +scorching power of the sun by their broad _petasus_, and to its oppressive +heat by the scanty _subligarium_, which reached from the belt or girdle to +the knees. They are engaged in cutting off useless twigs to which the last +showers of spring have given birth, and are twisting those which promise +fruit into positions where they will be safe both from the breeze and from +the sun. Everything gives token of that gracious and happy season which +the great Latin poets have hymned in their beautiful but heathen strains; +when, after the heavy rains, and raw mists, and piercing winds, and fitful +sun-gleams of a long six months, the mighty mother manifests herself anew, +and pours out the resources of her innermost being for the life and +enjoyment of every portion of the vast whole;--or, to apply the lines of a +modern bard-- + + "When the bare earth, till now + Desert and bare, unsightly, unadorned, + Brings forth the tender grass, whose verdure clads + Her universal face with pleasant green; + Then herbs of every leaf, that sudden flower, + Opening their various colours, and make gay + Her bosom, swelling sweet; and, these scarce blown, + Forth flourishes the clustering vine, forth creeps + The swelling gourd, up stands the corny reed + Embattled in her fields, and the humble shrub, + And bush with frizzled hair implicit; last + Rise, as in dance, the stately trees, and spread + Their branches hung with copious fruit, or gem + Their blossoms; with high woods the hills are crowned + With tufts the valleys, and each fountain side + With borders long the rivers; that earth now + Seems like to heaven, a seat where gods might dwell, + Or wander with delight, and love to haunt + Her sacred shades." + +A snatch from some old Greek chant, with something of plaintiveness in the +tone, issues from the thicket just across the mule-path, cut deep in the +earth, which reaches from the city gate to the streamlet; and a youth, who +had the appearance of the assistant bailiff or _procurator_ of the farm, +leaped from it, and went over to the labourers, who were busy with the +vines. His eyes and hair and the cast of his features spoke of Europe; his +manner had something of shyness and reserve, rather than of rusticity; and +he wore a simple red tunic with half sleeves, descending to the knee, and +tightened round him by a belt. His legs and feet were protected by boots +which came half up his calf. He addressed one of the slaves, and his voice +was gentle and cheerful. + +"Ah, Sansar!" he cried, "I don't like your way of managing these branches +so well as my own; but it is a difficult thing to move an old fellow like +you. You never fasten together the shoots which you don't cut off, they +are flying about quite wild, and the first ox that passes through the +field next month for the ploughing will break them off." + +He spoke in Latin; the man understood it, and answered him in the same +language, though with deviations from purity of accent and syntax, not +without parallel in the _talkee-talkee_ of the West Indian negro. + +"Ay, ay, master," he said, "ay, ay; but it's all a mistake to use the +plough at all. The fork does the work much better, and no fear for the +grape. I hide the tendril under the leaf against the sun, which is the +only enemy we have to consider." + +"Ah! but the fork does not raise so much dust as the plough and the heavy +cattle which draw it," returned Agellius; "and the said dust does more for +the protection of the tendril than the shade of the leaf." + +"But those huge beasts," retorted the slave, "turn up great ridges, and +destroy the yard." + +"It's no good arguing with an old vinedresser, who had formed his theory +before I was born," said Agellius good-humouredly; and he passed on into a +garden beyond. + +Here were other indications of the happy month through which the year was +now travelling. The garden, so to call it, was a space of several acres in +extent; it was one large bed of roses, and preparation was making for +extracting their essence, for which various parts of that country are to +this day celebrated. Here was another set of labourers, and a man of +middle age was surveying them at his leisure. His business-like, severe, +and off-hand manner bespoke the _villicus_ or bailiff himself. + +"Always here," said he, "as if you were a slave, not a Roman, my good +fellow; yet slaves have their Saturnalia; always serving, not worshipping +the all-bounteous and all-blessed. Why are you not taking holiday in the +town?" + +"Why should I, sir?" asked Agellius; "don't you recollect old Hiempsal's +saying about 'one foot in the slipper, and one in the shoe.' Nothing would +be done well if I were a town-goer. You engaged me, I suppose, to be here, +not there." + +"Ah!" answered he, "but at this season the empire, the genius of Rome, the +customs of the country, demand it, and above all the great goddess Astarte +and her genial, jocund month. 'Parturit almus ager;' you know the verse; +do not be out of tune with Nature, nor clash and jar with the great system +of the universe." + +A cloud of confusion, or of distress, passed over Agellius's face. He +seemed as if he wished to speak; at length he merely said, "It's a fault +on the right side in a servant, I suppose." + +"I know the way of your people," Vitricus replied, "Corybantians, +Phrygians, Jews, what do you call yourselves? There are so many fantastic +religions now-a-days. Hang yourself outright at your house-door, if you +are tired of living--and you are a sensible fellow. How can any man, whose +head sits right upon his shoulders, say that life is worth having, and not +worth enjoying?" + +"I am a quiet being," answered Agellius, "I like the country, which you +think so tame, and care little for the flaunting town. Tastes differ." + +"Town! you need not go to Sicca," answered the bailiff, "all Sicca is out +of town. It has poured into the fields, and groves, and river side. Lift +up your eyes, man alive, open your ears, and let pleasure flow in. Be +passive under the sweet breath of the goddess, and she will fill you with +ecstasy." + +It was as Vitricus had said; the solemn feast-days of Astarte were in +course of celebration; of Astarte, the well-known divinity of Carthage and +its dependent cities, whom Heliogabalus had lately introduced to Rome, who +in her different aspects was at once Urania, Juno, and Aphrodite, +according as she embodied the idea of the philosopher, the statesman, or +the vulgar; lofty and intellectual as Urania, majestic and commanding as +Juno, seductive as the goddess of sensuality and excess. + +"There goes the son of as good and frank a soldier as ever brandished +pilum," said Vitricus to himself, "till in his last years some infernal +god took umbrage at him, and saddled him and his with one of those absurd +superstitions which are as plentiful here as serpents. He indeed was too +old himself to get much harm from it; but it shows its sour nature in +these young shoots. A good servant, but the plague's in his bones, and he +will rot." + +His subordinate's reflections were of a different character: "The very air +breathes sin to-day," he cried; "oh that I did not find the taint of the +city in these works of God! Alas! sweet Nature, the child of the Almighty, +is made to do the fiend's work, and does it better than the town. O ye +beautiful trees and fair flowers, O bright sun and balmy air, what a +bondage ye are in, and how do ye groan till you are redeemed from it! Ye +are bond-slaves, but not willingly, as man is; but how will you ever be +turned to nobler purpose? How is this vast, this solid establishment of +error, the incubus of many thousand years, ever to have an end? You +yourselves, dear ones, will come to nought first. Anyhow, the public way +is no place for me this evening. They'll soon be back from their accursed +revelry." + +A sound of horns and voices had been heard from time to time through the +woods, as if proceeding from parties dispersed through them; and in the +growing twilight might be seen lights, glancing and wandering through the +foliage. The cottage in which Agellius dwelt was on the other side of the +hollow bridle-way which crossed the hill. To make for home he had first to +walk some little distance along it; and scarcely had he descended into it +for that purpose, when he found himself in the front of a band of +revellers, who were returning from some scene of impious festivity. They +were arrayed in holiday guise, as far as they studied dress at all; the +symbols of idolatry were on their foreheads and arms; some of them were +intoxicated, and most of them were women. + +"Why have you not been worshipping, young fellow?" said one. + +"Comely built," said another, "but struck by the furies. I know the cut of +him." + +"By Astarte," said a third, "he's one of those sly Gnostics! I have seen +the chap before, with his hangdog look. He is one of Pluto's whelps, first +cousin to Cerberus, and his name's Channibal." + +On which they all began to shout out, "I say, Channibal, Channibal, here's +a lad that knows you. Old fellow, come along with us;" and the speaker +made a dash at him. + +On this Agellius, who was slowly making his way past them on the broken +and steep path, leapt up in two or three steps to the ridge, and went away +in security; when one woman cried out, "O the toad, I know him now; he is +a wizard; he eats little children; didn't you see him make that sign? it's +a charm. My sister did it; the fool left me to be one of them. She was +ever doing so" (mimicking the sign of the cross). "He's a Christian, +blight him! he'll turn us into beasts." + +"Cerberus, bite him!" said another, "he sucks blood;" and taking up a +stone, she made it whiz past his ear as he disappeared from view. A +general scream of contempt and hatred followed. "Where's the ass's head? +put out the lights, put out the lights! gibbet him! that's why he has not +been with honest people down in the vale." And then they struck up a +blasphemous song, the sentiments of which we are not going even to +conceive, much less to attempt in words. + + + + + + CHAPTER II. + + + CHRISTIANITY IN SICCA. + + +The revellers went on their way; Agellius went on his, and made for his +lowly and lonely cottage. He was the elder of the two sons of a Roman +legionary of the Secunda Italica, who had settled with them in Sicca, +where he lost their mother, and died, having in his old age become a +Christian. The fortitude of some confessors at Carthage in the persecution +of Severus had been the initial cause of his conversion. He had been +posted as one of their guards, and had attended them to the scene of their +martyrdom, in addition to the civil force, to whom in the proconsulate the +administration of the law was committed. Therefore, happily for him, it +could not fall to his duty to be their executioner, a function which, +however revolting to his feelings, he might not have had courage to +decline. He remained a pagan, though he could not shake off the impression +which the martyrs had made upon him; and, after completing his time of +service, he retired to the protection of some great friends in Sicca, his +brother's home already. Here he took a second wife of the old Numidian +stock, and supported himself by the produce of a small piece of land which +had been given to him for life by the imperial government. If trial were +necessary in order to keep alive the good seed which had been sown in his +heart, he found a never-failing supply of that article in the companion of +his declining years. In the hey-day of her youth she might have been +fitted to throw a sort of sunshine, or rather torchlight, on a military +carouse; but now, when poor Strabo, a man well to do in the world, looking +for peace, had fallen under her arts, he found he had surrendered his +freedom to a malignant, profligate woman, whose passions made her better +company for evil spirits than for an invalided soldier. Indeed, as time +went on, the popular belief, which she rather encouraged, went to the +extent that she actually did hold an intercourse with the unseen world; +and certainly she matured in a hatred towards God and man, which would +naturally follow, and not unnaturally betoken, such intercourse. The more, +then, she inflicted on him her proficiency in these amiable +characteristics, the more he looked out for some consolation elsewhere; +and the more she involved herself in the guilt or the repute of unlawful +arts, the more was he drawn to that religion, where alone to commune with +the invisible is to hold intercourse with heaven, not with hell. Whether +so great a trial supplied a more human inducement for looking towards +Christianity, it is impossible to say. Most men, certainly Roman soldiers, +may be considered to act on mixed motives; but so it was in fact, that, on +his becoming in his last years a Christian, he found, perhaps discovered, +to his great satisfaction, that the Church did not oblige him to continue +or renew a tie which bound him to so much misery, and that he might end +his days in a tranquillity which his past life required, and his wife's +presence would have precluded. He made a good end; he had been allowed to +take the blessed sacrament from the altar to his own home on the last time +he had been able to attend a _synaxis_ of the faithful, and thus had +communicated at least six months within his decease; and the priest who +anointed him at the beginning of his last illness also took his +confession. He died, begging forgiveness of all whom he had injured, and +giving large alms to the poor. This was about the year 236, in the midst +of that long peace of the Church, which was broken at length by the Decian +persecution. + +This peace of well-nigh fifty years had necessarily a peculiar, and not a +happy effect upon the Christians of the proconsulate. They multiplied in +the greater and the maritime cities, and made their way into positions of +importance, whether in trade or the governmental departments; they +extended their family connections, and were on good terms with the +heathen. Whatever jealousy might be still cherished against the Christian +name, nevertheless, individual Christians were treated with civility, and +recognised as citizens; though among the populace there would be +occasions, at the time of the more solemn pagan feasts, when accidental +outbursts might be expected of the antipathy latent in the community, as +we have been recording in the foregoing chapter. Men of sense, however, +began to understand them better, and to be more just to the reasonableness +of their faith. This would lead them to scorn Christianity less, but it +would lead them to fear it more. It was no longer a matter merely for the +populace to insult, but for government deliberately to put down. The +prevailing and still growing unbelief among the lower classes of the +population did but make a religion more formidable, which, as heathen +statesmen felt, was able to wield the weapons of enthusiasm and zeal with +a force and success unknown even to the most fortunate impostors among the +Oriental or Egyptian hierophants. The philosophical schools were impressed +with similar apprehensions, and had now for fifty years been employed in +creating and systematising a new intellectual basis for the received +paganism. + +But, while the signs of the times led to the anticipation that a struggle +was impending between the heads of the state religion and of the new +worship which was taking its place, the great body of Christians, laymen +and ecclesiastics, were on better and better terms, individually, with the +members of society, or what is now called the public; and without losing +their faith or those embers of charity which favourable circumstances +would promptly rekindle, were, it must be confessed, in a state of +considerable relaxation; they often were on the brink of deplorable sins, +and sometimes fell over the brink. And many would join the Church on +inferior motives as soon as no great temporal disadvantage attached to the +act; or the families of Christian parents might grow up with so little of +moral or religious education as to make it difficult to say why they +called themselves members of a divine religion. Mixed marriages would +increase both the scandal and the confusion. + +"A long repose," says St. Cyprian, speaking of this very period, "had +corrupted the discipline which had come down to us. Every one was applying +himself to the increase of wealth; and, forgetting both the conduct of the +faithful under the Apostles, and what ought to be their conduct in every +age, with insatiable eagerness for gain devoted himself to the multiplying +of possessions. The priests were wanting in religious devotedness, the +ministers in entireness of faith; there was no mercy in works, no +discipline in manners. Men wore their beards disfigured, and woman dyed +their faces. Their eyes were changed from what God made them, and a lying +colour was passed upon the hair. The hearts of the simple were misled by +treacherous artifices, and brethren became entangled in seductive snares. +Ties of marriage were formed with unbelievers; members of Christ abandoned +to the heathen. Not only rash swearing was heard, but even false; persons +in high place were swollen with contemptuousness; poisoned reproaches fell +from their mouths, and men were sundered by unabating quarrels. Numerous +bishops, who ought to be an encouragement and example to others, despising +their sacred calling, engaged themselves in secular vocations, +relinquished their sees, deserted their people, strayed among foreign +provinces, hunted the markets for mercantile profits, and tried to amass +large sums of money, while they had brethren starving within the Church; +took possession of estates by fraudulent proceedings, and multiplied their +gains by accumulated usuries."(1) + +The relaxation which would extend the profession of Christianity in the +larger cities would contract or extinguish it in remote or country places. +There would be little zeal to keep up Churches, which could not be served +without an effort or without secular loss. Carthage, Utica, Hippo, +Milevis, or Curubis, was a more attractive residence than the towns with +uncouth African names, which amaze the ecclesiastical student in the Acts +of the Councils. Vocations became scarce; sees remained vacant; +congregations died out. This was pretty much the case with the Church and +see of Sicca. At the time of which we write, history preserves no record +of any bishop as exercising his pastoral functions in that city. In matter +of fact there was none. The last bishop, an amiable old man, had in the +course of years acquired a considerable extent of arable land, and +employed himself principally, for lack of more spiritual occupation, in +reaping, stacking, selling, and sending off his wheat for the Roman +market. His deacon had been celebrated in early youth for his boldness in +the chase, and took part in the capture of lions and panthers (an act of +charity towards the peasants round Sicca) for the Roman amphitheatre. No +priests were to be found, and the bishop became _parochus_ till his death. +Afterwards infants and catechumens lost baptism; parents lost faith, or at +least love; wanderers lost repentance and conversion. For a while there +was a flourishing meeting-house of Tertullianists, who had scared more +humble minds by pronouncing the eternal perdition of every Catholic; there +had also been various descriptions of Gnostics, who had carried off the +clever youths and restless speculators; and then there had been the lapse +of time, gradually consuming the generation which had survived the +flourishing old days of the African Church. And the result was, that in +the year 250 it was difficult to say of whom the Church of Sicca +consisted. There was no bishop, no priest, no deacon. There was the old +_mansionarius_ or sacristan; there were two or three pious women, married +or single, who owed their religion to good mothers; there were some slaves +who kept to their faith, no one knew how or why; there were a vast many +persons who ought to be Catholics, but were heretics, or nothing at all, +or all but pagans, and sure to become pagans on the asking; there were +Agellius and his brother Juba, and how far these two had a claim to the +Christian name we now proceed to explain. + +They were about the ages of seven and eight when their father died, and +they fell under the guardianship of their uncle, whose residence at Sicca +had been one of the reasons which determined Strabo to settle there. This +man, being possessed of some capital, drove a thriving trade in idols, +large and small, amulets, and the like instruments of the established +superstition. His father had come to Carthage in the service of one of the +assessors of the proconsul of the day; and his son, finding competition +ran too high to give him prospect of remuneration in the metropolis, had +opened his statue-shop in Sicca. Those modern arts which enable an English +town in this day to be so fertile in the production of ware of this +description for the markets of the pagan East, were then unknown; and +Jucundus depended on certain artists whom he imported, especially on two +Greeks, brother and sister, who came from some isle on the Asian coast, +for the supply of his trade. He was a good-natured man, self-indulgent, +positive, and warmly attached to the reigning paganism, both as being the +law of the land and the vital principle of the state; and, while he was +really kind to his orphan nephews, he simply abominated, as in duty bound, +the idiotic cant and impudent fee-fa-fum, to which, in his infallible +judgment, poor old Strabo had betrayed his children. He would have +restored them, you may be quite sure, to their country and to their +country's gods, had they acquiesced in the restoration: but in different +ways these little chaps, and he shook his head as he said it, were +difficult to deal with. Agellius had a very positive opinion of his own on +the matter; and as for Juba, though he had no opinion at all, yet he had +an equally positive aversion to have thrust on him by another any opinion +at all, even in favour of paganism. He had remained in his catechumen +state since he grew up, because he found himself in it; and though nothing +would make him go forward in his profession of Christianity, no earthly +power would be able to make him go back. So there he was, like a mule, +struck fast in the door of the Church, and feeling a gratification in his +independence of mind. However, whatever his profession might be, still, as +time went on, he plainly took after his step-mother, renewed his +intercourse with her after his father's death, and at length went so far +as to avow that he believed in nothing but the devil, if even he believed +in him. It was scarcely safe, however, to affirm that the senses of this +hopeful lad were his own. + +Agellius, on the other hand, when a boy of six years old, had insisted on +receiving baptism; had perplexed his father by a manifestation of zeal to +which the old man was a stranger; and had made the good bishop lose the +corn-fleet which was starting for Italy from his importunity to learn the +Catechism. Baptized he was, confirmed, communicated; but a boy's nature is +variable, and by the time Agellius had reached adolescence, the gracious +impulses of his childhood had in some measure faded away, though he still +retained his faith in its first keenness and vigour. But he had no one to +keep him up to his duty; no exhortations, no example, no sympathy. His +father's friends had taken him up so far as this, that by an extraordinary +favour they had got him a lease for some years of the property which +Strabo, a veteran soldier, had held of the imperial government. The care +of this small property fell upon him, and another and more serious charge +was added to it. The long prosperity of the province had increased the +opulence and enlarged the upper class of Sicca. Officials, contractors, +and servants of the government had made fortunes, and raised villas in the +neighbourhood of the city. Natives of the place, returning from Rome, or +from provincial service elsewhere, had invested their gains in long leases +of state lands, or of the farms belonging to the imperial _res privata_ or +privy purse, and had become virtual proprietors of the rich fields or +beautiful gardens in which they had played as children. One of such +persons, who had had a place in the _officium_ of the quaestor, or rather +procurator, as he began to be called, was the employer of Agellius. His +property adjoined the cottage of the latter; and, having first employed +the youth from recollection of his father, he confided to him the place of +under-bailiff from the talents he showed for farm-business. + +Such was his position at the early age of twenty-two; but honourable as it +was in itself, and from the mode in which it was obtained, no one would +consider it adapted, under the circumstances, to counteract the religious +languor and coldness which had grown upon him. And in truth he did not +know where he stood further than that he was firm in faith, as we have +said, and had shrunk from a boy upwards, from the vice and immorality +which was the very atmosphere of Sicca. He might any day be betrayed into +some fatal inconsistency, which would either lead him into sin, or oblige +him abruptly to retrace his steps, and find a truer and safer position. He +was not generally known to be a Christian, at least for certain, though he +was seen to keep clear of the established religion. It was not that he +hid, so much as that the world did not care to know, what he believed. In +that day there were many rites and worships which kept to themselves--many +forms of moroseness or misanthropy, as they were considered, which +withdrew their votaries from the public ceremonial. The Catholic faith +seemed to the multitude to be one of these; it was only in critical times, +when some idolatrous act was insisted on by the magistrate, that the +specific nature of Christianity was tested and detected. Then at length it +was seen to differ from all other religious varieties by that irrational +and disgusting obstinacy, as it was felt to be, which had rather suffer +torments and lose life than submit to some graceful, or touching, or at +least trifling observance which the tradition of ages had sanctioned. + + + + + + CHAPTER III. + + + AGELLIUS IN HIS COTTAGE. + + +The cottage for which Agellius was making, when last we had sight of him, +was a small brick house consisting of one room, with a loft over it, and a +kitchen on the side, not very unlike that holy habitation which once +contained the Eternal Word in human form with His Virgin Mother, and +Joseph, their guardian. It was situated on the declivity of the hill, and, +unlike the gardens of Italy, the space before it was ornamented with a +plot of turf. A noble palm on one side, in spite of its distance from the +water, and a group of orange-trees on the other, formed a foreground to +the rich landscape which was described in our opening chapter. The borders +and beds were gay with the lily, the bacchar, amber-coloured and purple, +the golden abrotomus, the red chelidonium, and the variegated iris. +Against the wall of the house were trained pomegranates, with their +crimson blossoms, the star-like pothos or jessamine, and the symbolical +passionflower, which well became a Christian dwelling. + +And it was an intimation of what would be found within; for on one side of +the room was rudely painted a red cross, with doves about it, as is found +in early Christian shrines to this day. So long had been the peace of the +Church, that the tradition of persecution seemed to have been lost; and +Christians allowed themselves in the profession of their faith at home, +cautious as they might be in public places; as freely as now in England, +where we do not scruple to raise crucifixes within our churches and +houses, though we shrink from doing so within sight of the hundred cabs +and omnibuses which rattle past them. Under the cross were two or three +pictures, or rather sketches. In the centre stood the Blessed Virgin with +hands spread out in prayer, attended by the holy Apostles Peter and Paul +on her right and left. Under this representation was rudely scratched upon +the wall the word, "Advocata," a title which the earliest antiquity +bestows upon her. On a small shelf was placed a case with two or three +rolls or sheets of parchment in it. The appearance of them spoke of use +indeed, but of reverential treatment. These were the Psalms, the Gospel +according to St. Luke, and St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, in the old +Latin version, The Gospel was handsomely covered, and ornamented with +gold. + +The apartment was otherwise furnished with such implements and materials +as might be expected in the cottage of a countryman: one or two stools and +benches for sitting, a table, and in one corner a heap of dried leaves and +rushes, with a large crimson coverlet, for rest at night. Elsewhere were +two millstones fixed in a frame, with a handle attached to the rim of one +of them, for grinding corn. Then again, garden tools; boxes of seeds; a +vessel containing syrup for assuaging the sting of the scorpion; the +_asir-rese_ or _anagallis_, a potent medicine of the class of poisons, +which was taken in wine for the same mischance. It hung from the beams, +with a large bunch of _atsirtiphua_, a sort of camomile, smaller in the +flower and more fragrant than our own, which was used as a febrifuge. +Thence, too, hung a plentiful gathering of dried grapes, of the kind +called _duracinae_; and near the door a bough of the green _bargut_ or +_psyllium_, to drive away the smaller insects. + +Poor Agellius felt the contrast between the ungodly turmoil from which he +had escaped, and the deep stillness into which he now had entered; but +neither satisfied him quite. There was no repose out of doors, and no +relief within. He was lonely at home, lonely in the crowd. He needed the +sympathy of his kind; hearts which might beat with his heart; friends with +whom he might share his joys and griefs; advisers whom he might consult; +minds like his own, who would understand him--minds unlike his own, who +would succour and respond to him. A very great trial certainly this, in +which the soul is flung back upon itself; and that especially in the case +of the young, for whom memory and experience do so little, and wayward and +excited feelings do so much. Great gain had it been for Agellius, even in +its natural effect, putting aside higher benefits, to have been able to +recur to sacramental confession; but to confession he had never been, +though once or twice he had attended the public _homologesis_ of the +Church. Shall we wonder that the poor youth began to be despondent and +impatient under his trial? Shall we not feel for him, though we may be +sorry for him, should it turn out that he was looking restlessly into +every corner of the small world of acquaintance in which his lot lay, for +those with whom he could converse easily, and interchange speculation, +argument, aspiration, and affection? + +"No one cares for me," he said, as he sat down on his rustic bench. "I am +nothing to any one; I am a hermit, like Elias or John, without the call to +be one. Yet even Elias felt the burden of being one against many; even +John asked at length in expostulation, 'Art Thou He that shall come?' Am I +for ever to have the knowledge, without the consolation, of the truth? am +I for ever to belong to a great divine society, yet never see the face of +any of its members?" + +He paused in his thoughts, as if drinking in the full taste and measure of +his unhappiness. And then his reflections took a turn, and he said, +suddenly, "Why do I not leave Sicca? What binds me to my father's farm? I +am young, and my interest in it will soon expire. What keeps me from +Carthage, Hippo, Cirtha, where Christians are so many?" But here he +stopped as suddenly as he had begun; and a strange feeling, half pang, +half thrill, went through his heart. And he felt unwilling to pursue his +thought, or to answer the question which he had asked; and he settled into +a dull, stagnant condition of mind, in which he seemed hardly to think at +all. + +Be of good cheer, solitary one, though thou art not a hero yet! There is +One that cares for thee, and loves thee, more than thou canst feel, love, +or care for thyself. Cast all thy care upon Him. He sees thee, and is +watching thee; He is hanging over thee, and smiles in compassion at thy +troubles. His angel, who is thine, is whispering good thoughts to thee. He +knows thy weakness; He foresees thy errors; but He holds thee by thy right +hand, and thou shalt not, canst not escape Him. By thy faith, which thou +hast so simply, resolutely retained in the midst of idolatry; by thy +purity, which, like some fair flower, thou hast cherished in the midst of +pollution, He will remember thee in thy evil hour, and thine enemy shall +not prevail against thee! + +What means that smile upon Agellius's face? It is the response of the +child to the loving parent. He knows not why, but the cloud is past. He +signs himself with the holy cross, and sweet reviving thoughts enliven +him. He names the sacred Name, and it is like ointment poured out upon his +soul. He rises; he kneels down under the dread symbol of his salvation; +and he begins his evening prayer. + + + + + + CHAPTER IV. + + + JUBA. + + +There was more of heart, less of effort, less of mechanical habit, in +Agellius's prayers that night, than there had been for a long while +before. He got up, struck a light, and communicated it to his small +earthen lamp. Its pale rays feebly searched the room and discovered at the +other end of it Juba, who had silently opened the door, and sat down near +it, while his brother was employed upon his devotions. The countenance of +the latter fell, for he was not to go to sleep with the resignation and +peace which had just before been poured into his breast. Yet why should he +complain? we receive consolation in this world for the very purpose of +preparing us against trouble to come. Juba was a tall, swarthy, +wild-looking youth. He was holding his head on one side as he sat, and his +face towards the roof; he nodded obliquely, arched his eyebrows, pursed up +his lips, and crossed his arms, while he gave utterance to a strange, +half-whispered laugh. + +"He, he, he!" he cried; "so you are on your knees, Agellius." + +"Why shouldn't I be at this hour," answered Agellius, "and before I go to +bed?" + +"O, every one to his taste, of course," said Juba; "but to an unprejudiced +mind there is something unworthy in the act." + +"Why, Juba?" said his brother somewhat sharply; "don't you profess any +religion at all?" + +"Perhaps I do, and perhaps I don't," answered Juba; "but never shall it be +a bowing and scraping, crawling and cringing religion. You may take your +oath of that." + +"What ails you to come here at this time of night?" asked Agellius; "who +asked for your company?" + +"I will come just when I please," said the other, "and go when I please. I +won't give an account of my actions to any one, God or man, devil or +priest, much less to you. What right have you to ask me?" + +"Then," said Agellius, "you'll never get peace or comfort as long as you +live, that I can tell you, let alone the life to come." + +Juba kept silent for awhile, and bit his nails with a smile on his face, +and his eyes looking askance upon the ground. "I want no more than I have; +I am well content," he said. + +"Contented with yourself," retorted Agellius. + +"Of course," Juba replied; "whom ought one to wish rather to content?" + +"I suppose, your Creator." + +"Creator," answered Juba, tossing back his head with an air of +superiority; "Creator;--that, I consider, is an assumption." + +"O, my dear brother," cried Agellius, "don't go on in that dreadful way!" + +" 'Go on!' who began? Is one man to lay down the law, and not the other +too? Is it so generally received, this belief of a Creator? Who have +brought in the belief? The Christians. 'Tis the Christians that began it. +The world went on very well without it before their rise. And now, who +began the dispute but you?" + +"Well, if I did," answered Agellius; "but I didn't. You began in coming +here; what in the world are you come for? by what right do you disturb me +at this hour?" + +There was no appearance of anger in Juba; he seemed as free from feeling +of every kind, from what is called _heart_, as if he had been a stone. In +answer to his brother's question, he quietly said, "I have been down +there," pointing in the direction of the woods. + +An expression of sharp anguish passed over his brother's face, and for a +moment he was silent. At length he said, "You don't mean to say you have +been down to poor mother?" + +"I do," said Juba. + +There was again a silence for a little while; then Agellius renewed the +conversation. "You have fallen off sadly, Juba, in the course of the last +several years." + +Juba tossed his head, and crossed his legs. + +"At one time I thought you would have been baptized," his brother +continued. + +"That was my weakness," answered Juba; "it was a weak moment: it was just +after the old bishop's death. He had been kind to me as a child; and he +said some womanish words to me, and it was excusable in me." + +"Oh that you had yielded to your wish!" cried Agellius. + +Juba looked superior. "The fit passed," he said. "I have come to a juster +view of things. It is not every one who has the strength of mind. I +consider that a logical head comes to a very different conclusion;" and he +began wagging his own, to the right and left, as if it were coming to a +great many. + +"Well," said Agellius, gaping, and desiring at least to come to a +conclusion of the altercation, "what brings you here so late?" + +"I was on my way to Jucundus," he answered, "and have been delayed by the +Succoth-benoth in the grove across the river." + +Here they were thrown back upon their controversy. Agellius turned quite +white. "My poor fellow," he said, "what were you there for?" + +"To see the world," answered Juba; "it's unmanly not to see it. Why +shouldn't I see it? It was good fun. I despise them all, fools and idiots. +There they were, scampering about, or lying like hogs, all in liquor. Apes +and swine! However, I will do as others do, if I please. I will be as +drunk as they, when I see good. I am my own master, and it would be no +kind of harm." + +"No harm! why, is it no harm to become an ape or a hog?" + +"You don't take just views of human nature," answered Juba, with a +self-satisfied air. "Our first duty is to seek our own happiness. If a man +thinks it happier to be a hog, why, let him be a hog," and he laughed. +"This is where you are narrow-minded. I shall seek my own happiness, and +try this way, if I please." + +"Happiness!" cried Agellius; "where have you been picking up all this +stuff? Can you call such detestable filth happiness?" + +"What do you know about such matters?" asked Juba. "Did you ever see them? +Did you ever try them? You would be twice the man you are if you had. You +will not be a man till you do. You are carried off your legs in your own +way. I'd rather get drunk every day than fall down on all fours as you do, +crawling on your stomach like a worm, and whining like a hound that has +been beaten." + +"Now, as I live, you shan't stop here one instant longer!" cried out +Agellius, starting up. "Be off with you! get away! what do you come here +to blaspheme for? who wants you? who asked for you? Go! go, I say! take +yourself off! Why don't you go? Keep your ribaldry for others." + +"I am as good as you any day," said Juba. + +"I don't set myself up," answered Agellius, "but it's impossible to +confound Christian and unbeliever as you do." + +"Christian and unbeliever!" said Juba, slowly. "I suppose, when they are +a-courting each other, they _are_ confounded." He looked hard at Agellius, +as if he thought he had hit a blot. Then he continued, "If I _were_ a +Christian, I'd be so in earnest: else I'd be an honest heathen." + +Agellius coloured somewhat, and sat down, as if under embarrassment. + +"I despise you," said Juba; "you have not the pluck to be a Christian. Be +consistent, and fizz upon a stake; but you're not made of that stuff. +You're even afraid of uncle. Nay, you can be caught by those painted +wares, about which, when it suits your purpose, you can be so grave. I +despise you," he continued, "I despise you, and the whole kit of you. +What's the difference between you and another? Your people say, 'Earth's a +vanity, life's a dream, riches a deceit, pleasure a snare. Fratres +charissimi, the time is short;' but who love earth and life and riches and +pleasure better than they? You are all of you as fond of the world, as set +upon gain, as chary of reputation, as ambitious of power, as the jolly old +heathen, who, you say, is going the way of the pit." + +"It is one thing to have a conscience," answered Agellius; "another thing +to act upon it. The conscience of these poor people is darkened. You had a +conscience once." + +"Conscience, conscience," said Juba. "Yes, certainly, once I had a +conscience. Yes, and once I had a bad chill, and went about chattering and +shivering; and once I had a game leg, and then I went limping; and so, you +see, I once on a time had a conscience. O yes, I have had many consciences +before now--white, black, yellow, and green; they were all bad; but they +are all gone, and now I have none." + +Agellius said nothing; his one wish, as may be supposed, was to get rid of +so unwelcome a visitor. + +"The truth is," continued Juba, with the air of a teacher--"the truth is, +that religion was a fashion with me, which is now gone by. It was the +complexion of a particular stage of my life. I was neither the better nor +the worse for it. It was an accident, like the bloom on my face, which +soon," he said, spreading his fingers over his dirty-coloured cheeks, and +stroking them, "which soon will disappear. I acted according to the +feeling, while it lasted; but I can no more recall it than my first teeth, +or the down on my chin. It's among the things that were." + +Agellius still keeping silence from weariness and disgust, he looked at +him in a significant way, and said, slowly, "I see how it is; I have +penetration enough to perceive that you don't believe a bit more about +religion than I do." + +"You must not say that under my roof," cried Agellius, feeling he must not +let his brother's charge pass without a protest. "Many are my sins, but +unbelief is not one of them." + +Juba tossed his head. "I think I can see through a stone slab as well as +any one," he said. "It is as I have said; but you're too proud to confess +it. It's part of your hypocrisy." + +"Well," said Agellius coldly, "let's have done. It's getting late, Juba; +you'll be missed at home. Jucundus will be inquiring for you, and some of +those revelling friends of yours may do you a mischief by the way. Why, my +good fellow," he continued, in surprise, "you have no leggings. The +scorpions will catch hold of you to a certainty in the dark. Come, let me +tie some straw wisps about you." + +"No fear of scorpions for me," answered Juba; "I have some real good +amulets for the occasion, which even _boola-kog_ and _uffah_ will +respect." + +Saying this, he passed out of the room as unceremoniously as he had +entered it, and took the direction of the city, talking to himself, and +singing snatches of wild airs as he went along, throwing back and shaking +his head, and now and then uttering a sharp internal laugh. Disdaining to +follow the ordinary path, he dived down into the thick and wet grass, and +scrambled through the ravine, which the public road crossed before it +ascended the hill. Meanwhile he accompanied his quickened pace with a +louder strain, and it ran as follows:-- + + "The little black Moor is the mate for me, + When the night is dark, and the earth is free, + Under the limbs of the broad yew-tree. + + "'Twas Father Cham that planted that yew, + And he fed it fat with the bloody dew + Of a score of brats, as his lineage grew. + + "Footing and flaunting it, all in the night, + Each lock flings fire, each heel strikes light; + No lamps need they, whose breath is bright." + +Here he was interrupted by a sudden growl, which sounded almost under his +feet, and some wild animal was seen to slink away. Juba showed no +surprise; he had taken out a small metal idol, and whispering some words +to it, had presented it to the animal. He clambered up the bank, gained +the city gate, and made his way for his uncle's dwelling, which was near +the temple of Astarte. + + + + + + CHAPTER V. + + + JUCUNDUS AT SUPPER. + + +The house of Jucundus was closed for the night when Juba reached it, or +you would see, were you his companion, that it was one of the most showy +shops in Sicca. It was the image-store of the place, and set out for sale, +not articles of statuary alone, but of metal, of mosaic work, and of +jewellery, as far as they were dedicated to the service of paganism. It +was bright with the many colours adopted in the embellishment of images, +and the many lights which silver and gold, brass and ivory, alabaster, +gypsum, talc, and glass reflected. Shelves and cabinets were laden with +wares; both the precious material, and the elaborated trinket. All tastes +were suited, the popular and the refined, the fashion of the day and the +love of the antique, the classical and the barbarian devotion. There you +might see the rude symbols of invisible powers, which, originating in +deficiency of art, had been perpetuated by reverence for the past: the +mysterious cube of marble sacred among the Arabs, the pillar which was the +emblem of Mercury or Bacchus, the broad-based cone of Heliogabalus, the +pyramid of Paphos, and the tile or brick of Juno. + +There, too, were the unmeaning blocks of stone with human heads, which +were to be dressed out in rich robes, and to simulate the human form. +There were other articles besides, as portable as these were unmanageable: +little Junos, Mercuries, Dianas, and Fortunas, for the bosom or the +girdle. Household gods were there, and the objects of personal devotion: +Minerva or Vesta, with handsome niches or shrines in which they might +reside. There, too, were the brass crowns, or _nimbi_ which were intended +to protect the heads of the gods from bats and birds. There you might buy, +were you a heathen, rings with heads on them of Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, +Serapis, and above all Astarte. You would find there the rings and signets +of the Basilidians; amulets too of wood or ivory: figures of demons, +preternaturally ugly; little skeletons, and other superstitious devices. +It would be hard, indeed, if you could not be pleased, whatever your +religious denomination--unless indeed you were determined to reject all the +appliances and objects of idolatry indiscriminately--and in that case you +would rejoice that it was night when you arrived there, and, in +particular, that darkness swallowed up other appliances and objects of +pagan worship, which to darkness were due by a particular title, and by +darkness were best shrouded, till the coming of that day when all things, +good and evil, shall be made light. + +The shop, as we have said, was closed, concealed from view by large +lumbering shutters, and made secure by heavy bars of wood. So we must +enter by the passage or vestibule on the right side, and that will conduct +us into a modest _atrium_, with an _impluvium_ on one side, and on the +other the _triclinium_ or supper-room, backing the shop. Jucundus had been +pleasantly engaged in a small supper-party; and, mindful that a +_symposium_ should lie within the number of the Graces and of the Muses, +he had confined his guests to two, the young Greek Aristo, who was one of +his principal artists, and Cornelius the son of a freedman of a Roman of +distinction, who had lately got a place in one of the _scrinia_ of the +proconsular _officium_, and had migrated into the province from the +imperial city where he had spent his best days. + +The dinner had not been altogether suitable to modern ideas of good +living. The grapes from Tacape, and the dates from the lake Tritonis, the +white and black figs, the nectarines and peaches, and the watermelons, +address themselves to the imagination of an Englishman, as well as of an +African of the third century. So also might the liquor derived from the +sap or honey of the Getulian palm, and the sweet wine, called _melilotus_, +made from the poetical fruit found upon the coast of the Syrtis. He would +have been struck, too, with the sweetness of the mutton; but he would have +asked what the sheep's tails were before he tasted them, and found how +like marrow the firm substance ate of which they consisted. He would have +felt he ought to admire the roes of mullets, pressed and dried, from +Mauritania; but he would have thought twice before he tried the lion +cutlets though they had the flavour of veal, and the additional _gout_ of +being imperial property, and poached from a preserve. But when he saw the +indigenous dish, the very haggis and cock-a-leekie of Africa, in the shape +of--(alas! alas! it _must_ be said, with whatever apology for its +introduction)--in shape, then, of a delicate puppy, served up with +tomatoes, with its head between its fore-paws, we consider he would have +risen from the unholy table, and thought he had fallen upon the +hospitality of some sorceress of the neighbouring forest. However, to that +festive board our Briton was not invited, for he had some previous +engagement that evening, either of painting himself with woad, or of +hiding himself to the chin in the fens; so that nothing occurred to +disturb the harmony of the party, and the good humour and easy +conversation which was the effect of such excellent cheer. + +Cornelius had been present at the Secular Games in the foregoing year, and +was full of them, of Rome, and of himself in connection with it, as became +so genuine a cockney of the imperial period. He was full of the high +patriotic thoughts which so solemn a celebration had kindled within him. +"O great Rome!" he said, "thou art first, and there is no second. In that +wonderful pageant which these eyes saw last year was embodied her majesty, +was promised her eternity. We die, she lives. I say, _let_ a man die. It's +well for him to take hemlock, or open a vein, after having seen the +Secular Games. What was there to live for? I felt it; life was gone; its +best gifts flat and insipid after that great day. Excellent--Tauromenian, I +suppose? We know it in Rome. Fill up my cup. I drink to the genius of the +emperor." + +He was full of his subject, and soon resumed it. "Fancy the Campus Martius +lighted up from one end to the other. It was the finest thing in the +world. A large plain, covered, not with streets, not with woods, but +broken and crossed with superb buildings in the midst of groves, avenues +of trees, and green grass, down to the water's edge. There's nothing that +isn't there. Do you want the grandest temples in the world, the most +spacious porticoes, the longest racecourses? there they are. Do you want +_gymnasia_? there they are. Do you want arches, statues, obelisks? you +find them there. There you have at one end the stupendous mausoleum of +Augustus, cased with white marble, and just across the river the huge +towering mound of Hadrian. At the other end you have the noble Pantheon of +Agrippa, with its splendid Syracusan columns, and its dome glittering with +silver tiles. Hard by are the baths of Alexander, with their beautiful +groves. Ah! my good friend! I shall have no time to drink if I go on. +Beyond are the numerous chapels and fanes which fringe the base of the +Capitoline hill; the tall column of Antoninus comes next, with its +adjacent basilica, where is kept the authentic list of the provinces of +the empire, and of the governors, each a king in power and dominion, who +are sent out to them. Well, I am now only beginning. Fancy, I say, this +magnificent region all lighted up; every temple to and fro, every bath, +every grove, gleaming with innumerable lamps and torches. No, not even the +gods of Olympus have anything that comes near it. Rome is the greatest of +all divinities. In the dead of night all was alive; then it was, when +nature sleeps exhausted, Rome began the solemn sacrifices to commemorate +her thousand years. On the banks of the Tiber, which had seen AEneas land, +and Romulus ascend to the gods, the clear red flame shot up as the victims +burned. The music of ten thousand horns and flutes burst forth, and the +sacred dances began upon the greensward. I am too old to dance; but, I +protest, even I stood up and threw off. We danced through three nights, +dancing the old millenary out, dancing the new millenary in. We were all +Romans, no strangers, no slaves. It was a solemn family feast, the feast +of all the Romans." + +"Then we came in for the feast," said Aristo; "for Caracalla gave Roman +citizenship to all freemen all over the world. We are all of us Romans, +recollect, Cornelius." + +"Ah! that was another matter--a condescension," answered Cornelius. "Yes, +in a certain sense, I grant it; but it was a political act." + +"I warrant you," retorted Aristo, "most political. We were to be fleeced, +do you see? so your imperial government made us Romans, that we might have +the taxes of Romans, and that in addition to our own. You've taxed us +double; and as for the privilege of citizenship, much it is, by Hercules, +when every snob has it who can wear a _pileus_ or cherish his hair." + +"Ah! but you should have seen the procession from the Capitol," continued +Cornelius, "on, I think, the second day; from the Capitol to the Circus, +all down the Via Sacra. Hosts of strangers there, and provincials from the +four corners of the earth, but not in the procession. There you saw, all +in one _coup-d'oeil_, the real good blood of Rome, the young blood of the +new generation, and promise of the future; the sons of patrician and +consular families, of imperators, orators, conquerors, statesmen. They +rode at the head of the procession, fine young fellows, six abreast; and +still more of them on foot. Then came the running horses and the chariots, +the boxers, the wrestlers, and other combatants, all ready for the +competition. The whole school of gladiators then turned out, boys and all, +with their masters, dressed in red tunics, and splendidly armed. They +formed three bands, and they went forward gaily, dancing and singing the +Pyrrhic. By-the-bye, a thousand pair of gladiators fought during the +games--a round thousand, and such clean-made, well-built fellows, and they +came against each other so gallantly! You should have see it; _I_ can't go +through it. There was a lot of satyrs, jumping and frisking, in burlesque +of the martial dances which preceded them. There was a crowd of trumpeters +and horn-blowers; ministers of the sacrifices with their victims, bulls +and rams, dressed up with gay wreaths; drivers, butchers, haruspices, +heralds; images of gods with their cars of ivory or silver, drawn by tame +lions and elephants. I can't recollect the order. O! but the grandest +thing of all was the Carmen, sung by twenty-seven noble youths, and as +many noble maidens, taken for the purpose from the bosoms of their +families to propitiate the gods of Rome. The flamens, augurs, colleges of +priests, it was endless. Last of all came the emperor himself." + +"That's the late man," observed Jucundus, "Philip; no bad riddance his +death, if all's true that's said of him." + +"All emperors are good in their time and way," answered Cornelius; "Philip +was good then, and Decius is good now;--whom the gods preserve!" + +"True," said Aristo, "I understand; an emperor cannot do wrong, except in +dying, and then everything goes wrong with him. His death is his first bad +deed; he ought to be ashamed of it; it somehow turns all his great virtues +into vices." + +"Ah! no one was so good an emperor as our man, Gordianus," said Jucundus, +"a princely old man, living and dead; patron of trade and of the arts; +such villas! he had enormous revenues. Poor old gentleman! and his son +too. I never shall forget the day when the news came that he was gone. Let +me see, it was shortly after that old fool Strabo's death--I mean my +brother; a good thirteen years ago. All Africa was in tears; there was no +one like Gordianus." + +"That's old world philosophy," said Aristo; "Jucundus, you must go to +school. Don't you see that all that is, is right; and all that was, is +wrong? 'Te nos facimus, Fortuna, deam,' says your poet; well, I drink 'to +the fortunes of Rome,'--while it lasts." + +"You're a young man," answered Cornelius, "a very young man, and a Greek. +Greeks never understand Rome. It's most difficult to understand us. It's a +science. Look at this medal, young gentleman; it was one of those struck +at the games. Is it not grand? 'Novum saeculum,' and on the reverse, +'AEternitati.' Always changing, always imperishable. Emperors rise and +fall; Rome remains. The eternal city! Isn't this good philosophy?" + +"Truly, a most beautiful medal," said Aristo, examining it, and handing it +on to his host. "You might make an amulet of it, Jucundus. But as to +eternity, why, that is a very great word; and, if I mistake not, other +states have been eternal before Rome. Ten centuries is a very respectable +eternity; be content, Rome is eternal already, and may die without +prejudice to the medal." + +"Blaspheme not," replied Cornelius: "Rome is healthier, more full of life, +and promises more, than at any former time, you may rely upon it. 'Novum +saeculum!' she has the age of the eagle, and will but cast her feathers to +begin a fresh thousand." + +"But Egypt," interposed Aristo, "if old Herodotus speaks true, scarcely +had a beginning. Up and up, the higher you go, the more dynasties of +Egyptian kings do you find. And we hear strange reports of the nations in +the far east, beyond the Ganges." + +"But I tell you, man," rejoined Cornelius, "Rome is a city of kings. That +one city, in this one year, has as many kings at once as those of all the +kings of all the dynasties of Egypt put together. Sesostris, and the rest +of them, what are they to imperators, prefects, proconsuls, _vicarii_, and +_rationales_? Look back at Lucullus, Caesar, Pompey, Sylla, Titus, Trajan. +What's old Cheops' pyramid to the Flavian amphitheatre? What is the +many-gated Thebes to Nero's golden house, while it was? What the grandest +palace of Sesostris or Ptolemy but a second-rate villa of any one of ten +thousand Roman citizens? Our houses stand on acres of ground, they ascend +as high as the Tower of Babylon; they swarm with columns like a forest; +they pullulate into statues and pictures. The walls, pavements, and +ceilings are dazzling from the lustre of the rarest marble, red and +yellow, green and mottled. Fountains of perfumed water shoot aloft from +the floor, and fish swim in rocky channels round about the room, waiting +to be caught and killed for the banquet. We dine; and we feast on the head +of the ostrich, the brains of the peacock, the liver of the bream, the +milk of the murena, and the tongue of the flamingo. A flight of doves, +nightingales, beccaficoes are concentrated into one dish. On great +occasions we eat a phoenix. Our saucepans are of silver, our dishes of +gold, our vases of onyx, and our cups of precious stones. Hangings and +carpets of Tyrian purple are around us and beneath us, and we lie on ivory +couches. The choicest wines of Greece and Italy crown our goblets, and +exotic flowers crown our heads. In come troops of dancers from Lydia, or +pantomimes from Alexandria, to entertain both eye and mind; or our noble +dames and maidens take a place at our tables; they wash in asses' milk, +they dress by mirrors as large as fish-ponds, and they glitter from head +to foot with combs, brooches, necklaces, collars, ear-rings, armlets, +bracelets, finger-rings, girdles, stomachers, and anklets, all of diamond +and emerald. Our slaves may be counted by thousands, and they come from +all parts of the world. Everything rare and precious is brought to Rome: +the gum of Arabia, the nard of Assyria, the papyrus of Egypt, the +citron-wood of Mauretania, the bronze of AEgina, the pearls of Britain, the +cloth of gold of Phrygia, the fine webs of Cos, the embroidery of Babylon, +the silks of Persia, the lion-skins of Getulia, the wool of Miletus, the +plaids of Gaul. Thus we live, an imperial people, who do nothing but enjoy +themselves and keep festival the whole year; and at length we die--and then +we burn: we burn--in stacks of cinnamon and cassia, and in shrouds of +_asbestos_, making emphatically a good end of it. Such are we Romans, a +great people. Why, we are honoured wherever we go. There's my master, +there's myself; as we came here from Italy, I protest we were nearly +worshipped as demi-gods." + +"And perhaps some fine morning," said Aristo, "Rome herself will burn in +cinnamon and cassia, and in all her burnished Corinthian brass and scarlet +bravery, the old mother following her children to the funeral pyre. One +has heard something of Babylon, and its drained moat, and the soldiers of +the Persian." + +A pause occurred in the conversation as one of Jucundus's slaves entered +with fresh wine, larger goblets, and a vase of snow from the Atlas. + + + + + + CHAPTER VI. + + + GOTHS AND CHRISTIANS. + + +Cornelius was full of his subject, and did not attend to the Greek. "The +wild-beasts hunts," he continued, "ah, those hunts during the games, +Aristo! they were a spectacle for the gods. Twenty-two elephants, ten +panthers, ten hyaenas (by-the-bye, a new beast, not strange, however, to +you here, I suppose), ten camelopards, a hippopotamus, a rhinoceros--I +can't go through the list. Fancy the circus planted throughout for the +occasion, and turned into a park, and then another set of wild animals, +Getes and Sarmatians, Celts and Goths, sent in against them, to hunt down, +capture and kill them, or to be killed themselves." + +"Ah, the Goths!" answered Aristo; "those fellows give you trouble, though, +now and then. Perhaps they will give you more. There is a report in the +praetorium to-day that they have crossed the Danube." + +"Yes, they _will_ give us trouble," said Cornelius, drily; "they _have_ +given us trouble, and they will give us more. The Samnites gave us +trouble, and our friends of Carthage here, and Jugurtha, and Mithridates; +trouble, yes, that is the long and the short of it; they will give us +trouble. Is trouble a new thing to Rome?" he asked, stretching out his +arm, as if he were making a speech after dinner, and giving a toast. + +"The Goths give trouble, and take a bribe," retorted Aristo; "this is what +trouble means in their case: it's a troublesome fellow who hammers at our +door till we pay his reckoning. It is troublesome to raise the means to +buy them off. And the example of these troublesome savages is catching; it +was lately rumoured that the Carpians had been asking the same terms for +keeping quiet." + +"It would ill become the majesty of Rome to soil her fingers with the +blood of such vermin," said Cornelius; "she ignores them." + +"And therefore she most majestically bleeds us instead," answered Aristo, +"that she may have treasure to give them. We are not so troublesome as +they; the more's the pity. No offence to you, however, or to the emperor, +or to great Rome, Cornelius. We are over our cups; it's only a game of +politics, you know, like chess or the _cottabus_. Maro bids you 'parcere +subjectis, et debellare superbos;' but you have changed your manners. You +coax the Goths and bully the poor African." + +"Africa can show fight, too," interposed Jucundus, who had been calmly +listening and enjoying his own wine; "witness Thysdrus. That was giving +every rapacious Quaestor a lesson that he may go too far, and find a dagger +when he demands a purse." + +He was alluding to the revolt of Africa, which led to the downfall of the +tyrant Maximin and the exaltation of the Gordians, when the native +landlords armed their peasantry, killed the imperial officer, and raised +the standard of rebellion in the neighbouring town from impatience of +exactions under which they suffered. + +"No offence, I say, Cornelius, no offence to eternal Rome," said Aristo, +"but you have explained to us why you weigh so heavy on us. I've always +heard it was a fortune at Rome for a man to have found out a new tax. +Vespasian did his best; but now you tax our smoke, and our very shadow; +and Pescennius threatened to tax the air we breathe. We'll play at +riddles, and you shall solve the following:--Say who is she that eats her +own limbs, and grows eternal upon them? Ah, the Goths will take the +measure of her eternity!" + +"The Goths!" said Jucundus, who was warming into conversational life, "the +Goths! no fear of the Goths; but," and he nodded significantly, "look at +home; we have more to fear indoors than abroad." + +"He means the praetorians," said Cornelius to Aristo, condescendingly; "I +grant you that there have been several untoward affairs; we have had our +problem, but it's a thing of the past, it never can come again. I venture +to say that the power of the praetorians is at an end. That murder of the +two emperors the other day was the worst job they ever did; it has turned +the public opinion of the whole world against them. I have no fear of the +praetorians." + +"I don't mean praetorians more than Goths," said Jucundus; "no, give me the +old weapons, the old maxims of Rome, and I defy the scythe of Saturn. Do +the soldiers march under the old ensign? do they swear by the old gods? do +they interchange the good old signals and watchwords? do they worship the +fortune of Rome; then I say we are safe. But do we take to new ways? do we +trifle with religion? do we make light of Jupiter, Mars, Romulus, the +augurs, and the ancilia? then I say, not all our shows and games, our +elephants, hyaenas, and hippopotamuses, will do us any good. It was not the +best thing, no, not the best thing that the soldiers did, when they +invested that Philip with the purple. But he is dead and gone." And he sat +up and leant on his elbow. + +"Ah! but it will be all set right now," said Cornelius, "_you'll_ see." + +"He'd be a reformer, that Philip," continued Jucundus, "and put down an +enormity. Well, they call it an enormity; let it be an enormity. He'd put +it down; but why? there's the point; why? It's no secret at all," and his +voice grew angry, "that that hoary-headed Atheist Fabian was at the bottom +of it; Fabian, the Christian. I hate reforms." + +"Well, we had long wished to do it," answered Cornelius, "but could not +manage it. Alexander attempted it near twenty years ago. It's what +philosophers have always aimed at." + +"The gods consume philosophers and the Christians together!" said Jucundus +devoutly. "There's little to choose between them, except that the +Christians are the filthier animal of the two. But both are ruining the +most glorious political structure that the world ever saw. I am not +over-fond of Alexander either." + +"Thank you in the name of philosophy," said the Greek. + +"And thank you in the name of the Christians," chimed in Juba. + +"That's good!" cried Jucundus; "the first word that hopeful youth has +spoken since he came in, and he takes on him to call himself a Christian." + +"I've a right to do so, if I choose," said Juba; "I've a right to be a +Christian." + +"Right! O yes, right! ha, ha!" answered Jucundus, "right! Jove help the +lad! by all manner of means. Of course, you have a right to go _in malam +rem_ in whatever way you please." + +"I am my own master," said Juba; "my father was a Christian. I suppose it +depends on myself to follow him or not, according to my fancy, and as long +as I think fit." + +"Fancy! think fit!" answered Jucundus, "you pompous little mule! Yes, go +and be a Christian, my dear child, as your doting father went. Go, like +him, to the priest of their mysteries; be spit on, stripped, dipped; feed +on little boys' marrow and brains; worship the ass; and learn all the foul +magic of the sect. And then be delated and taken up, and torn to shreds on +the rack, or thrown to the lions and so go to Tartarus, if Tartarus there +be, in the way you think fit. You'll harm none but yourself, my boy. I +don't fear such as you, but the deeper heads." + +Juba stood up with a look of offended dignity, and, as on former +occasions, tossed the head which had been by implication disparaged. "I +despise you," he said. + +"Well, but you are hard on the Christians," said Aristo. "I have heard +them maintain that their superstition, if adopted, would be the salvation +of Rome. They maintain that the old religion is gone or going out; that +something new is wanted to keep the empire together; and that their +worship is just fitted to the times." + +"All I say to the vipers," said Jucundus, "is, 'Let well alone. We did +well enough without you; we did well enough till you sprang up.' A plague +on their insolence; as if Jew or Egyptian could do aught for us when Numa +and the Sibyl fail. That is what I say, Let Rome be true to herself and +nothing can harm her; let her shift her foundation, and I would not buy +her for this water-melon," he said, taking a suck at it. "Rome alone can +harm Rome. Recollect old Horace, 'Suis et ipsa Roma viribus ruit.' He was +a prophet. If she falls, it is by her own hand." + +"I agree," said Cornelius; "certainly, to set up any new worship is +treason; not a doubt of it. The gods keep us from such ingratitude! We +have grown great by means of them, and they are part and parcel of the law +of Rome. But there is no great chance of our forgetting this; Decius +won't; that's a fact. You will see. Time will show; perhaps to-morrow, +perhaps next day," he added, mysteriously. + +"Why in the world should you have this frantic dread of these poor +scarecrows of Christians," said Aristo, "all because they hold an opinion? +Why are you not afraid of the bats and the moles? It's an opinion: there +have been other opinions before them, and there will be other opinions +after. Let them alone and they'll die away; make a hubbub about them and +they'll spread." + +"Spread?" cried Jucundus, who was under the twofold excitement of personal +feeling and of wine, "spread, they'll spread? yes, they'll spread. Yes, +grow, like scorpions, twenty at a birth. The country already swarms with +them; they are as many as frogs or grasshoppers; they start up everywhere +under one's nose, when one least expects them. The air breeds them like +plague-flies; the wind drifts them like locusts. No one's safe; any one +may be a Christian; it's an epidemic. Great Jove! _I_ may be a Christian +before I know where I am. Heaven and earth! is it not monstrous?" he +continued, with increasing fierceness. "Yes, Jucundus, my poor man, you +may wake and find yourself a Christian, without knowing it, against your +will. Ah! my friends, pity me! I may find myself a beast, and obliged to +suck blood and live among the tombs as if I liked it, without power to +tell you how I loathe it, all through their sorcery. By the genius of Rome +something must be done. I say, no one is safe. You call on your friend; he +is sitting in the dark, unwashed, uncombed, undressed. What is the matter? +Ah! his son has turned Christian. Your wedding-day is fixed, you are +expecting your bride; she does not come; why? she will not have you; she +has become a Christian. Where's young Nomentanus? Who has seen Nomentanus? +in the forum, or the campus, in the circus, in the bath? Has he caught the +plague or got a sunstroke? Nothing of the kind; the Christians have caught +hold of him. Young and old, rich and poor, my lady in her litter and her +slave, modest maid and Lydia at the Thermae, nothing comes amiss to them. +All confidence is gone; there's no one we can reckon on. I go to my +tailor's: 'Nergal,' I say to him, 'Nergal, I want a new tunic,' The +wretched hypocrite bows, and runs to and fro, and unpacks his stuffs and +cloths, like another man. A word in your ear. The man's a Christian, +dressed up like a tailor. They have no dress of their own. If I were +emperor, I'd make the sneaking curs wear a badge, I would; a dog's collar, +a fox's tail, or a pair of ass's ears. Then we should know friends from +foes when we meet them." + +"We should think that dangerous," said Cornelius; "however, you are taking +it too much to heart; you are making too much of them, my good friend. +They have not even got the present, and you are giving them the future, +which is just what they want." + +"If Jucundus will listen to me," said Aristo, "I could satisfy him that +the Christians are actually falling off. They once were numerous in this +very place; now there are hardly any. They have been declining for these +fifty years; the danger from them is past. Do you want to know how to +revive them? Put out an imperial edict, forbid them, denounce them. Do you +want them to drop away like autumn leaves? Take no notice of them." + +"I can't deny that in Italy they _have_ grown," said Cornelius; "they +_have_ grown in numbers and in wealth, and they intermarry with us. Thus +the upper class becomes to a certain extent infected. We may find it +necessary to repress them; but, as you would repress vermin, without +fearing them." + +"The worshippers of the gods are the many, and the Christians are the +few," persisted Aristo; "if the two parties intermarry, the weaker will +get the worst of it. You will find the statues of the gods gradually +creeping back into the Christian chapel; and a man must be an honest +fellow who buys our images, eh, Jucundus?" + +"Well, Aristo," said the paterfamilias, whose violence never lasted long, +"if your sister's bright eyes win back my poor Agellius you will have +something more to say for yourself than, at present, I grant." + +"I see," said Cornelius, gravely, "I begin to understand it. I could not +make out why our good host had such great fear for the stability of Rome. +But it is one of those things which the experience of life has taught me. +I have often seen it in the imperial city itself. Whenever you find a man +show special earnestness against these fanatics, depend on it there is +something that touches him personally in the matter. There was a very +great man, the present Flamen Dialis, for whom I have unbounded respect; +for a long time I was at a loss to conceive why a person of his weight, +sound, sensible, well-judging, should have such a fear of the Christians. +One day he made an oration against them in the senate-house; he wanted to +send them to the rack. But the secret came out; the good man was on the +rack himself about his daughter, who persisted in calling herself a +Christian, and refused to paint her face or go to the amphitheatre. To be +sure, a most trying affair this for the old gentleman. The venerable Pater +Patratus, too, what suppers he gave! a fine specimen of the Lucullus type; +yet he was always advocating the lictor and the _commentariensis_ in the +instance of the Christian. No wonder; his wife and son were disgracing him +in the eyes of the whole world by frequenting the meetings of these +Christians. However, I agree with Decius, they must be put down. They are +not formidable, but they are an eyesore." + +Here the rushing of the water-clock which measured time in the +neighbouring square, ceased, signifying thereby that the night was getting +on. Juba had already crept into the dark closet which served him for a +sleeping-place; had taken off his sandals, and loosened his belt; had +wrapt the serpent he had about him round his neck, and was breathing +heavily. Jucundus made the parting libation, and Cornelius took his leave. +Aristo rose too; and Jucundus, accompanying them to the entrance, paid the +not uncommon penalty of his potations, for the wine mounted to his head, +and he returned into the room, and sat him down again with an impression +that Aristo was still at table. + +"My dear boy," he said, "Agellius is but a wet Christian; that's all, not +obstinate, like his brother there. 'Twas his father; the less we say about +him the better; he's gone. The Furies make his bed for him! an odious set! +Their priests, little ugly men. I saw one when I was a boy at Carthage. So +unlike your noble Roman Saliares, or your fine portly priest of Isis, clad +in white, breathing odours like spring flowers; men who enjoyed this life, +not like that sour hypocrite. He was as black as an Ethiopian, and as +withered as a Saracen, and he never looked you in the face. And, after +all, the fellow must die for his religion, rather than put a few grains of +golden incense on the altar of great Jove. Jove's the god for me; a +glorious, handsome, curly god--but they are all good, all the gods are +good. There's Bacchus, he's a good, comfortable god, though a sly, +treacherous fellow--a treacherous fellow. There's Ceres, too; Pomona; the +Muses; Astarte, too, as they call her here; all good;--and Apollo, though +he's somewhat too hot in this season, and too free with his bow. He gave +me a bad fever once. Ah! life's precious, most precious; so I felt it +then, when I was all but gone to Pluto. Life never returns, it's like +water spilt; you can't gather it up. It is dispersed into the elements, to +the four winds. Ah! there's something more there than I can tell; more +than all your philosophers can determine." + +He seemed to think awhile, and began again: "Enjoyment's the great rule; +ask yourself, 'Have I made the most of things?' that's what I say to the +rising generation. Many and many's the time when I have not turned them to +the best account. Oh, if I had now to begin life again, how many things +should I correct! I might have done better this evening. Those abominable +pears! I might have known they would not be worth the eating. Mutton, that +was all well; doves, good again; crane, kid; well, I don't see that I +could have done much better." + +After a few minutes he got up half asleep, and put out all the lights but +one small lamp, with which he made his way into his own bed-closet. "All +is vanity," he continued, with a slow, grave utterance, "all is vanity but +eating and drinking. It does not pay to serve the gods except for this. +What's fame? what's glory? what's power? smoke. I've often thought the hog +is the only really wise animal. We should be happier if we were all hogs. +Hogs keep the end of life steadily in view; that's why those toads of +Christians will not eat them, lest they should get like them. Quiet, +respectable, sensible enjoyment; not riot, or revel, or excess, or +quarrelling. Life is short." And with this undeniable sentiment he fell +asleep. + + + + + + CHAPTER VII. + + + PERSECUTION IN THE OFFING. + + +Next morning, as Jucundus was dusting and polishing his statues and other +articles of taste and devotion, supplying the gaps in their ranks, and +grouping a number of new ones which had come in from his workmen, Juba +strutted into the shop, and indulged himself from time to time in an +inward laugh or snigger at the various specimens of idolatry which grinned +or frowned or frisked or languished on all sides of him. + +"Don't sneer at that Anubis," said his uncle; "it is the work of the +divine Callista." + +"That, I suppose, is why she brings into existence so many demons," +answered Juba; "nothing more can be done in the divine line; like the +queen who fell in love with a baboon." + +"Now I come to think," retorted Jucundus, "that god of hers is something +like _you_. She must be in love with you, Juba." + +The youth, as was usual with him, tossed his head with an air of lofty +displeasure; at length he said, "And why should she not fall in love with +me, pray?" + +"Why, because you are too good or too bad to need her plastic hand. She +could not make anything out of you. 'Non ex quovis ligno.' But she'd be +doing a good work if she wiled back your brother." + +"_He_ does not want wiling any more than I," said Juba, "_I_ dare say! +he's no Christian." + +"What's that?" said his uncle, looking round at him in surprise; "Agellius +no Christian?" + +"Not a bit of it," answered Juba; "rest assured. I taxed him with it only +last night; let him alone, _he'll_ come round. He's too proud to change, +that's all. Preach to him, entreat him, worry him, try to turn him, work +at the bit, whip him, and he will turn restive, start aside, or run away; +but let him have his head, pretend not to look, seem indifferent to the +whole matter, and he will quietly sit down in the midst of your images +there. Callista has an easy task; she'll bribe him to do what he would +else do for nothing." + +"The very best news I have heard since your silly old father died," cried +Jucundus; "the very best--if true. Juba, I'll give you an handsome present +the first sow your brother sacrifices to Ceres. Ha, ha, what fine fun to +see the young farmer over his cups at the Nundinae! Ha, ha, no Christian! +bravo, Juba! ha, ha, I'll make you a present, I say, an Apollo to teach +you manners, or a Mercury to give you wit." + +"It's quite true," said Juba; "he would not be thinking of Callista, if he +were thinking of his saints and angels." + +"Ha, ha! to be sure!" returned Jucundus; "to be sure! yet why shouldn't he +worship a handsome Greek girl as well as any of those mummies and death's +heads and bogies of his, which I should blush to put up here alongside +even of Anubis, or a scarabaeus?" + +"Mother thinks she is not altogether the girl you take her for," said his +nephew. + +"No matter, no matter," answered Jucundus, "no matter at all; she may be a +Lais or Phryne for me; the surer to make a man of him." + +"Why," said Juba, "mother thinks her head is turning in the opposite way. +D'you see? Strange, isn't it?" he added, annoyed himself yet not unwilling +to annoy his uncle. + +"Hm!" exclaimed Jucundus, making a wry face and looking round at him, as +if to say, "What on earth is going to turn up now?" + +"To tell the truth," said Juba, gloomily, "I did once think of her myself. +I don't see why I have not as much right to do so as Agellius, if I +please. So I thought old mother might do something for me; and I asked her +for a charm or love potion, which would bring her from her brother down to +the forest yonder. Gurta took to it kindly, for she has a mortal hatred of +Callista, because of her good looks, though she won't say so, and because +she's a Greek! and she liked the notion of humbling the haughty minx. So +she began one of the most tremendous spells," he shrieked out with a +laugh, "one of the most tremendous spells in her whole budget. All and +everything in the most exact religious way: wine, milk, blood, meal, wax, +old rags, gods, Numidian as well as Punic; such names; one must be +barbarian to boot, as well as witch, to pronounce them: a score of things +there were besides. And then to see the old woman, with her streaming grey +hair, twinkling eyes, and grim look, twirl about as some flute girl at a +banquet; it was enough to dance down, not only the moon, but the whole +milky way. But it did not dance down Callista; at which mother got savage, +and protested that Callista was a Christian." + +Jucundus looked much perplexed. "Medius fidius!" he said, "why, unless we +look sharp, she will be converting him the wrong way;" and he began pacing +up and down the small room. + +Juba on his part began singing-- + + "Gurta the witch would have part in the jest; + Though lame as a gull, by his highness possessed, + She shouldered her crutch, and danced with the rest. + + "Sporting and snorting, deep in the night, + Their beards flashing fire, and their hoofs striking light, + And their tails whisking round in the heat of their flight." + +By this time Jucundus had recovered from the qualm which Juba's +intelligence had caused him, and he cried out, "Cease your rubbish; old +Gurta's jealous; I know her spite; Christian is the most blackguard word +in her vocabulary, its Barbar for toad or adder. I see it all; no, +Callista, the divine Callista, must take in hand this piece of wax, sing a +charm, and mould him into a Vertumnus. She'll show herself the more potent +witch of the two. The new emperor too will help the incantation." + +"What! something is coming?" asked Juba, with a grin. + +"Coming, boy? yes, I warrant you," answered his uncle. "_We'll_ make them +squeak. If gentle means don't do, then we'll just throw in another +ingredient or two: an axe, or a wild cat, or a firebrand." + +"Take care what you are about, if you deal with Agellius," said Juba. +"He's a sawney, but you must not drive him to bay. Don't threaten; keep to +the other line; he's weak-hearted." + +"Only as a background to bring out the painting; the Muse singing, all in +light, relieved by sardix or sepia. It _must_ come; but perhaps Agellius +will come first." + + + +It was indeed as Jucundus had hinted; a new policy, a new era was coming +upon Christianity, together with the new emperor. Christians had hitherto +been for the most part the objects of popular fury rather than of imperial +jealousy. Nero, indeed, from his very love of cruelty, had taken pleasure +in torturing them: but statesmen and philosophers, though at times +perplexed and inconsistent, yet on the whole had despised them; and the +superstition of priests and people, with their "Christianos ad leones," +had been the most formidable enemy of the faith. Accordingly, atrocious as +the persecution had been at times, it had been conducted on no plan, and +had been local and fitful. But even this trial had been suspended, with +but few interruptions, during the last thirty, nay, fifty years. So +favourable a state of things had been more or less brought about by a +succession of emperors, who had shown an actual leaning to Christianity. +While the vigorous rule of the five good emperors, as they are called, had +had many passages in its history of an adverse character, those who +followed after, being untaught in the traditions, and strangers to the +spirit of old Rome, foreigners, or adventurers, or sensualists, were +protectors of the new religion. The favourite mistress of Commodus is even +said to have been a Christian; so is the nurse of Caracalla. The wretched +Heliogabalus, by his taste for Oriental superstitions, both weakened the +influence of the established hierarchy, and encouraged the toleration of a +faith which came from Palestine. The virtuous Alexander, who followed him, +was a philosopher more than a statesman; and, in pursuance of the +syncretism which he had adopted, placed the images of Abraham and our Lord +among the objects of devotion which his private chapel contained. What is +told us of the Emperor Philip is still more to the point: the gravest +authorities report that he was actually a Christian; and, since it cannot +be doubted that Christians were persuaded of the fact, the leaning of his +government must have been emphatically in their favour to account for such +a belief. In consequence, Christians showed themselves without fear; they +emerged from the catacombs, and built churches in public view; and, though +in certain localities, as in the instance of Africa, they had suffered +from the contact of the world, they spread far and wide, and faith became +the instrument at least of political power, even where it was wanting in +charity, or momentarily disowned by cowardice. In a word, though Celsus a +hundred years before had pronounced "a man weak who should hope to unite +the three portions of the earth in a common religion," that common +Catholic faith had been found, and a principle of empire was created which +had never before existed. The phenomenon could not be mistaken; and the +Roman statesman saw he had to deal with a rival. Nor must we suppose, +because on the surface of the history we read so much of the vicissitudes +of imperial power, and of the profligacy of its possessors, that the +fabric of government was not sustained by traditions of the strongest +temper, and by officials of the highest sagacity. It was the age of +lawyers and politicians; and they saw more and more clearly that if +Christianity was not to revolutionize the empire, they must follow out the +line of action which Trajan and Antoninus had pointed out. + +Decius then had scarcely assumed the purple, when he commenced that new +policy against the Church which was reserved to Diocletian, fifty years +later, to carry out to its own final refutation. He entered on his power +at the end of the year 249; and on the January 20th following, the day on +which the Church still celebrates the event, St. Fabian, Bishop of Rome, +obtained the crown of martyrdom. He had been pope for the unusually long +space of fourteen years, having been elected in consequence of one of +those remarkable interpositions of Divine Providence of which we now and +then read in the first centuries of the Church. He had come up to Rome +from the country, in order to be present at the election of a successor to +Pope Anteros. A dove was seen to settle on his head, and the assembly rose +up and forced him, to his surprise, upon the episcopal throne. After +bringing back the relics of St. Pontian, his martyred predecessor, from +Sardinia, and having become the apostle of great part of Gaul, he seemed +destined to end his history in the same happy quiet and obscurity in which +he had lived; but it did not become a pope of that primitive time to die +upon his bed, and he was reserved at length to inaugurate in his own +person, as chief pastor of the Church, a fresh company of martyrs. + +Suddenly an edict appeared for the extermination of the name and religion +of Christ. It was addressed to the proconsuls and other governors of +provinces; and alleged or implied that the emperors, Decius and his son, +being determined to give peace to their subjects, found the Christians +alone an impediment to the fulfilment of their purpose; and that, by +reason of the enmity which those sectaries entertained towards the gods of +Rome,--an enmity which was bringing down upon the world multiplied +misfortunes. Desirous, then, above all things, of appeasing the divine +anger, they made an irrevocable ordinance that every Christian, without +exception of rank, sex, or age, should be obliged to sacrifice. Those who +refused were to be thrown into prison, and in the first instance submitted +to moderate punishments. If they conformed to the established religion, +they were to be rewarded; if not, they were to be drowned, burned alive, +exposed to the beasts, hung upon the trees, or otherwise put to death. +This edict was read in the camp of the praetorians, posted up in the +Capitol, and sent over the empire by government couriers. The authorities +in each province were themselves threatened with heavy penalties, if they +did not succeed in frightening or tormenting the Christians into the +profession of paganism. + +St. Fabian, as we have said, was the first-fruits of the persecution, and +eighteen months passed before his successor could be appointed. In the +course of the next two months St. Pionius was burned alive at Smyrna, and +St. Nestor crucified in Pamphylia. At Carthage some perplexity and delay +were occasioned by the absence of the proconsul. St. Cyprian, its bishop, +took advantage of the delay, and retired into a place of concealment. The +populace had joined with the imperial government in seeking his life, and +had cried out furiously in the circus, demanding him "ad leonem," for the +lion. A panic seized the Christian body, and for a while there were far +more persons found to compromise their faith than to confess it. It seemed +as if Aristo's anticipation was justified, that Christianity was losing +its hold upon the mind of its subjects, and that nothing more was needed +for those who had feared it, than to let it die a natural death. And at +Sicca the Roman officials, as far as ever they dared, seemed to act on +this view. Here Christians did no harm, they made no show, and there was +little or nothing in the place to provoke the anger of the mob or to +necessitate the interference of the magistrate. The proconsul's absence +from Carthage was both an encouragement and an excuse for delay; and hence +it was that, though we are towards the middle of the year 250, and the +edict was published at Rome at its commencement, the good people of Sicca +had, as we have said, little knowledge of what was taking place in the +political world, and whispered about vague presages of an intended +measure, which had been in some places in operation for many months. +Communication with the seat of government was not so very frequent or +rapid in those days, and public curiosity had not been stimulated by the +facilities of gratifying it. And thus we must account for a phenomenon, +which we uphold to be a fact in the instance of Sicca, in the early summer +of A.D. 250, even though it prove unaccountable, and history has nothing +to say about it, and in spite of the _Acta Diurna_. + +The case, indeed, is different now. In these times, newspapers, railroads, +and magnetic telegraphs make us independent of government messengers. The +proceedings at Rome would have been generally and accurately known in a +few seconds; and then, by way of urging forward the magistracy, a question +of course would have been asked in the parliament of Carthage by the +member for Sicca, or Laribus, or Thugga, or by some one of the pagani, or +country party, whether the popular report was true, that an edict had been +promulgated at Rome against the Christians, and what steps had been taken +by the local authorities throughout the proconsulate to carry out its +provisions. And then the "Colonia Siccensis" would have presented some +good or bad reason for the delay: that it arose from the absence of the +proconsul from the seat of government, or from the unaccountable loss of +the despatch on its way from the coast; or, perhaps, on the other hand, +the under-secretary would have maintained, amid the cheers of his +supporters, that the edict had been promulgated and carried out at Sicca +to the full, that crowds of Christians had at once sacrificed, and that, +in short, there was no one to punish; assertions which at that moment were +too likely to be verified by the event. + +In truth, there were many reasons to make the magistrates, both Roman and +native, unwilling to proceed in the matter, till they were obliged. No +doubt they one and all detested Christianity, and would have put it down, +if they could; but the question was, when they came to the point, _what_ +they should put down. If, indeed, they could have got hold of the +ringleaders, the bishops of the Church, they would have tortured and +smashed them _con amore_, as you would kill a wasp; and with the greater +warmth and satisfaction, just because it was so difficult to get at them. +Those bishops were a set of fellows as mischievous as they were cowardly; +they would not come out and be killed, but they skulked in the desert, and +hid in masquerade. But why should gentlemen in office, opulent and happy, +set about worrying a handful of idiots, old, or poor, or boys, or women, +or obscure, or amiable and well-meaning men, who were but a remnant of a +former generation, and as little connected with the fanatics of Carthage, +Alexandria, or Rome, as the English freemasons may seem to be with their +namesakes on the continent? True, Christianity was a secret society, and +an illegal religion; but would it cease to be so when those harmless or +respectable inhabitants of the place had been mounted on the rack or the +gibbet? + +And then, too, it was a most dangerous thing to open the door to popular +excitement;--who would be able to shut it? Once rouse the populace, and it +was all over with the place. It could not be denied that the bigoted and +ignorant majority, not only of the common people, but of the better +classes, was steeped in a bitter prejudice, and an intense, though latent, +hatred of Christianity. Besides the antipathy which arose from the +extremely different views of life and duty taken by pagans and Christians, +which would give a natural impulse to persecution in the hearts of the +former, there were the many persons who wished to curry favour at Rome +with the government, and had an eye to preferment or reward. There was the +pagan interest, extended and powerful, of that numerous class which was +attached to the established religions by habit, position, interest, or the +prospect of advantage. There were all the great institutions or +establishments of the place; the law courts, the schools of grammar and +rhetoric, the philosophic _exedrae_ and lecture-rooms, the theatre, the +amphitheatre, the market--all were, for one reason or another, opposed to +Christianity; and who could tell where they would stop in their onward +course, if they were set in motion? "Quieta non movenda" was the motto of +the local government, native and imperial, and that the more, because it +was an age of revolutions, and they might be most unpleasantly compromised +or embarrassed by the direction which the movement took. Besides, Decius +was not immortal; in the last twelve years eight emperors had been cut +off, six of them in a few months; and who could tell but the successor of +the present might revert to the policy of Philip, and feel no thanks to +those who had suddenly left it for a policy of blood. + +In this cautious course they would be powerfully supported by the +influence of personal considerations. The Roman _officia_, the city +magistrates, the heads of the established religions, the lawyers, and the +philosophers, all would have punished the Christians, if they could; but +they could not agree whom to punish. They would have agreed with great +satisfaction, as we have said, to inflict condign and capital punishment +upon the heads of the sect; and they would have had no objection, if +driven to do something, to get hold of some strangers or slaves, who might +be a sort of scapegoats for the rest; but it was impossible, when they +once began to persecute, to make distinctions, and not a few of them had +relations who were Christians, or at least were on that border-land which +the mob might mistake for the domain of Christianity--Marcionites, +Tertullianists, Montanists, or Gnostics. When once the cry of "the gods of +Rome" was fairly up, it would apply to tolerated religions as well as to +illicit, and an unhappy votary of Isis or Mithras might suffer, merely +because there were few Christians forthcoming. A duumvir of the place had +a daughter whom he had turned out of his house for receiving baptism, and +who had taken refuge at Vacca. Several of the decurions, the _tabularius_ +of the district, the _scriba_, one of the exactors, who lived in Sicca, +various of the retired gentry, whom we spoke of in a former chapter, and +various _attaches_ of the praetorium, were in not dissimilar circumstances. +Nay, the priest of Esculapius had a wife, whom he was very fond of, who, +though she promised to keep quiet, if things continued as they were, +nevertheless had the madness to vow that, if there were any severe +proceedings instituted against her people, she would at once come forward, +confess herself a Christian, and throw water, instead of incense, upon the +sacrificial flame. Not to speak of the venerable man's tenderness for her, +such an exposure would seriously compromise his respectability, and, as he +was infirm and apoplectic, it was a question whether Esculapius himself +could save him from the shock which would be the consequence. + +The same sort of feeling operated with our good friend Jucundus. He was +attached to his nephew; but, be it said without disrespect to him, he was +more attached to his own reputation; and, while he would have been +seriously annoyed at seeing Agellius exposed to one of the panthers of the +neighbouring forest, or hung up by the feet, with the blood streaming from +his nose and mouth, as one of the dogs or kids of the market, he would +have disliked the _eclat_ of the thing still more. He felt both anger and +alarm at the prospect; he was conscious he did not understand his nephew, +or (to use a common phrase) know where to find him; he was aware that a +great deal of tact was necessary to manage him; and he had an instinctive +feeling that Juba was right in saying that it would not do to threaten him +with the utmost severity of the law. He considered Callista's hold on him +was the most promising quarter of the horizon; so he came to a resolution +to do as little as he could personally, but to hold Agellius's head, as +far as he could, steadily in the direction of that lady, and to see what +came of it. As to Juba's assurance that Agellius was not a Christian at +heart, it was too good news to be true; but still it might be only an +anticipation of what would be, when the sun of Greece shone out upon him, +and dispersed the remaining mists of Oriental superstition. + +In this state of mind the old gentleman determined one afternoon to leave +his shop to the care of a slave, and to walk down to his nephew, to judge +for himself of his state of mind; to bait his hook with Callista, and to +see if Agellius bit. There was no time to be lost, for the publication of +the edict might be made any day; and then disasters might ensue which no +skill could remedy. + + + + + + CHAPTER VIII. + + + THE NEW GENERATION. + + +Jucundus, then, set out to see how the land lay with his nephew, and to do +what he could to prosper the tillage. His way led him by the temple of +Mercury, which at that time subserved the purpose of a boy's school, and +was connected with some academical buildings, the property of the city, +which lay beyond it. It cannot be said that our friend was any warm patron +of literature or education, though he had not neglected the schooling of +his nephews. Letters seemed to him in fact to unsettle the mind; and he +had never known much good come of them. Rhetoricians and philosophers did +not know where they stood, or what were their bearings. They did not know +what they held, and what they did not. He knew his own position perfectly +well, and, though the words "belief" or "knowledge" did not come into his +religious vocabulary, he could at once, without hesitation, state what he +professed and maintained. He stood upon the established order of things, +on the traditions of Rome, and the laws of the empire; but as to Greek +sophists and declaimers, he thought very much as old Cato did about them. +The Greeks were a very clever people, unrivalled in the fine arts; let +them keep to their strong point; they were inimitable with the chisel, the +brush, the trowel, and the fingers; but he was not prepared to think much +of their _calamus_ or _stylus_, poetry excepted. What did they ever do but +subvert received principles without substituting any others? And then they +were so likely to take some odd turn themselves; you never could be sure +of them. Socrates, their patriarch, what was he after all but a culprit, a +convict, who had been obliged to drink hemlock, dying under the hands of +justice? Was this a reputable end, a respectable commencement of the +philosophic family? It was very well for Plato or Xenophon to throw a veil +of romance over the transaction, but this was the plain matter of fact. +Then Anaxagoras had been driven out of Athens for his revolutionary +notions; and Diogenes had been accused, like the Christians, of atheism. +The case had been the same in more recent times. There had been that +madman, Apollonius, roaming about the world; Apuleius, too, their +neighbour, fifty years before, a man of respectable station, a gentleman, +but a follower of the Greek philosophy, a dabbler in magic, and a +pretender to miracles. And so, in fact, of letters generally; as in their +own country Minucius, a contemporary of Apuleius, became a Christian. +Such, too, had been his friend Octavius; such Caecilius, who even became +one of the priests of the sect, and seduced others from the religion he +had left. One of them had been the public talk for several years, and he +too originally a rhetorician, Thascius Cyprianus of Carthage. It was the +one thing which gave him some misgiving about that little Callista, that +she was a Greek. + +As he passed the temple, the metal plate was sounding as a signal for the +termination of the school, and on looking towards the portico with an +ill-natured curiosity, he saw a young acquaintance of his, a youth of +about twenty, coming out of it, leading a boy of about half that age, with +his satchel thrown over his shoulder. + +"Well, Arnobius,"(2) he cried, "how does rhetoric proceed? are we to take +the law line, or turn professor? Who's the boy? some younger brother?" + +"I've taken pity on the little fool," answered Arnobius; "these +schoolmasters are a savage lot. I suffered enough from them myself, and +'miseris succurrere disco.' So I took him from under the roof of friend +Rupilius, and he's under my tutelage. How did he treat thee, boy?" + +"He treated me like a slave or a Christian," answered he. + +"He deserved it, I'll warrant," said Jucundus; "a pert, forward imp. 'Twas +Gete against Briton. Much good comes of schooling! He's a wicked one +already. Ah, the new generation! I don't know where the world's going." + +"Tell the gentleman," said Arnobius, "what he did first to you, my boy." + +"As the good gentleman says," answered the boy, "first I did something to +him, and then he did something to me." + +"I told you so," said Jucundus; "a sensible boy, after all; but the +schoolmaster had the best of it, I'll wager." + +"First," answered he, "I grinned in his face, and he took off his wooden +shoe, and knocked out one of my teeth." + +"Good," said Jucundus, "the justice of Pythagoras. Zaleuchus could not +have done better. The mouth sins, and the mouth suffers." + +"Next," continued he, "I talked in school-time to my chum; and Rupilius +put a gag in my jaws, and kept them open for an hour." + +"The very Rhadamanthus of schoolmasters!" cried Jucundus: "and thereupon +you struck up a chant, divine though inarticulate, like the statue of +Memnon." + +"Then," said the boy, "I could not say my Virgil, and he tore the shirt +from off my back, and gave it me with the leather." + +"Ay," answered Jucundus, " 'arma virumque' branded on your hide." + +"Afterwards I ate his dinner for him," continued the boy, "and then he +screwed my head, and kept me without food for two days." + +"Your throat, you mean," said Jucundus; "a cautious man! lest you should +steal a draught or two of good strong air." + +"And lastly," said he, "I did not bring my pence, and then he tied my +hands to a gibbet, and hung me up _in terrorem_." + +"There I came in," said Arnobius; "he seemed a pretty boy, so I cut him +down, paid his aera, and took him home." + +"And now he is your pupil?" asked Jucundus. + +"Not yet," answered Arnobius; "he is still a day-scholar of the old +wolf's; one is like another; he could not change for the better: but I am +his bully, and shall tutorize him some day. He's a sharp lad, isn't he, +Firmian?" turning to the boy; "a great hand at composition for his years; +better than I am, who never shall write Latin decently. Yet what can I do? +I must profess and teach, for Rome is the only place for the law, and +these city professorships are not to be despised." + +"Whom are you attending here?" asked Jucundus, drily. + +"You are the only man in Sicca who needs to ask the question. What! not +know the great Polemo of Rhodes, the friend of Plotinus, the pupil of +Theagenes, the disciple of Thrasyllus, the hearer of Nicomachus, who was +of the school of Secundus, the doctor of the new Pythagoreans? Not feel +the presence in Sicca of Polemo, the most celebrated, the most intolerable +of men? That, however, is not his title, but the 'godlike,' or the +'oracular,' or the 'portentous,' or something else as impressive. Every +one goes to him. He is the rage. I should not have a chance of success if +I could not say that I had attended his lectures; though I'd be bound our +little Firmian here would deliver as good. He's the very cariophyllus of +human nature. He comes to the schools in a litter of cedar, ornamented +with silver and covered with a lion's skin, slaves carrying him, and a +crowd of friends attending, with the state of a proconsul. He is dressed +in the most exact style; his pallium is of the finest wool, white, picked +out with purple; his tresses flow with unguent, his fingers glitter with +rings, and he smells like Idalium. As soon as he puts foot on earth, a +great hubbub of congratulation and homage breaks forth. He takes no +notice; his favourite pupils form a circle round him, and conduct him into +one of the _exedrae_, till the dial shows the time for lecture. Here he +sits in silence, looking at nothing, or at the wall opposite him, talking +to himself, a hum of admiration filling the room. Presently one of his +pupils, as if he were praeco to the duumvir, cries out, 'Hush, gentlemen, +hush! the godlike'--no, it is not that. I've not got it. What _is_ his +title? 'the Bottomless,' that's it--'the Bottomless speaks.' A dead silence +ensues; a clear voice and a measured elocution are the sure token that it +is the outpouring of the oracle. 'Pray,' says the little man, 'pray, which +existed first, the egg or the chick? Did the chick lay the egg, or the egg +hatch the chick?' Then there ensues a whispering, a disputing, and after a +while a dead silence. At the end of a quarter of an hour or so, our praeco +speaks again, and this time to the oracle. 'Bottomless man,' he says, 'I +have to represent to you that no one of the present company finds himself +equal to answer the question, which your condescension has proposed to our +consideration!' On this there is a fresh silence, and at length a fresh +_effatum_ from the hierophant: 'Which comes first, the egg or the chick? +The egg comes first in relation to the causativity of the chick, and the +chick comes first in relation to the causativity of the egg,' on which +there is a burst of applause; the ring of adorers is broken through, and +the shrinking professor is carried in the arms or on the shoulders of the +literary crowd to his chair in the lecture-room." + +Much as there was in Arnobius's description which gratified Jucundus's +prejudices, he had suspicions of his young acquaintance, and was not in +the humour to be pleased unreservedly with those who satirized anything +whatever that was established, or was appointed by government, even +affectation and pretence. He said something about the wisdom of ages, the +reverence due to authority, the institutions of Rome, and the magistrates +of Sicca. "Do not go after novelties," he said to Arnobius; "make a daily +libation to Jove, the preserver, and to the genius of the emperor, and +then let other things take their course." + +"But you don't mean I must believe all this man says, because the +decurions have put him here?" cried Arnobius. "Here is this Polemo saying +that Proteus is matter, and that minerals and vegetables are his flock; +that Proserpine is the vital influence, and Ceres the efficacy of the +heavenly bodies; that there are mundane spirits, and supramundane; and +then his doctrine about triads, monads, and progressions of the celestial +gods?" + +"Hm!" said Jucundus; "they did not say so when I went to school; but keep +to my rule, my boy, and swear by the genius of Rome and the emperor." + +"I don't believe in god or goddess, emperor or Rome, or in any philosophy, +or in any religion at all," said Arnobius. + +"What!" cried Jucundus, "you're not going to desert the gods of your +ancestors?" + +"Ancestors?" said Arnobius; "I've no ancestors. I'm not African certainly, +not Punic, not Libophoenician, not Canaanite, not Numidian, not Gaetulian. +I'm half Greek, but what the other half is I don't know. My good old +gaffer, you're one of the old world. I believe nothing. Who can? There is +such a racket and whirl of religions on all sides of me that I am sick of +the subject." + +"Ah, the rising generation!" groaned Jucundus; "you young men! I cannot +prophesy what you will become, when we old fellows are removed from the +scene. Perhaps you're a Christian?" + +Arnobius laughed. "At least I can give you comfort on that head, old +grandfather. A pretty Christian _I_ should make, indeed! seeing visions, +to be sure, and rejoicing in the rack and dungeon! I wish to enjoy life; I +see wealth, power, rank, and pleasure to be worth living for, and I see +nothing else." + +"Well said, my lad," cried Jucundus, "well said; stick to that. I declare +you frightened me. Give up all visions, speculations, conjectures, +fancies, novelties, discoveries; nothing comes of them but confusion." + +"No, no," answered the youth; "I'm not so wild as you seem to think, +Jucundus. It is true I don't believe one single word about the gods; but +in their worship was I born, and in their worship I will die." + +"Admirable!" cried Jucundus in a transport; "well, I'm surprised; you have +taken me by surprise. You're a fine fellow; you are a boy after my heart. +I've a good mind to adopt you." + +"You see I can't believe one syllable of all the priests' trash," said +Arnobius; "who does? not they. I don't believe in Jupiter or Juno, or in +Astarte or in Isis; but where shall I go for anything better? or why need +I seek anything good or bad in that line? Nothing's known anywhere, and +life would go while I attempted what is impossible. No, better stay where +I am; I may go further, and gain a loss for my pains. So you see I am for +myself, and for the genius of Rome." + +"That's the true principle," answered the delighted Jucundus. "Why, +really, for so young a man, surprising! Where _did_ you get so much good +sense, my dear fellow? _I've_ seen very little of you. Well, this I'll +say, you are a youth of most mature mind. To be sure! Well! Such youths +are rare now-a-days. I congratulate you with all my heart on your strong +sense and your admirable wisdom. Who'd have thought it? I've always, to +tell the truth, had a little suspicion of you; but you've come out nobly. +Capital! I don't wish you to believe in the gods if you can't; but it's +your duty, dear boy, your duty to Rome to maintain them, and to rally +round them when attacked." Then with a changed voice, he added, "Ah, that +a young friend of mine had your view of the matter!" and then, fearing he +had said too much, he stopped abruptly. + +"You mean Agellius," said Arnobius. "You've heard, by-the-bye," he +continued in a lower tone, "what's the talk in the Capitol, that at Rome +they are proceeding on a new plan against the Christians with great +success. They don't put to death, at least at once; they keep in prison, +and threaten the torture. It's surprising how many come over." + +"The Furies seize them!" exclaimed Jucundus: "they deserve everything bad, +always excepting my poor boy. So they are cheating the hangman by giving +up their atheism, the vile reptiles, giving in to a threat. However," he +added gravely, "I wish threats would answer with Agellius; but I greatly +fear that menace would only make him stubborn. That stubbornness of a +Christian! O Arnobius!" he said, shaking his head and looking solemn, +"it's a visitation from the gods, a sort of _nympholepsia_." + +"It's going out," said Arnobius, "mark my words; the frenzy is dying. It's +only wonderful it should have lasted for three centuries. The report runs +that in some places, when the edict was published, the Christians did not +wait for a summons, but swept up to the temples to sacrifice, like a shoal +of tunnies. The magistrates were obliged to take so many a day; and, as +the days went on, none so eager to bring over the rest as those who have +already become honest men. Nay, not a few of their mystic or esoteric +class have conformed." + +"If so, unless Agellius looks sharp," said Jucundus, "his sect will give +him up before he gives up his sect. Christianity will be converted before +him." + +"Oh, don't fear for him!" said Arnobius; "I knew him at school. Boys +differ; some are bold and open. They like to be men, and to dare the deeds +of men; they talk freely, and take their swing in broad day. Others are +shy, reserved, bashful, and are afraid to do what they love quite as much +as the others. Agellius never could rub off this shame, and it has taken +this turn. He's sure to outgrow it in a year or two. I should not wonder +if, when once he had got over it, he went into the opposite fault. You'll +find him a drinker and a swaggerer and a spendthrift before many years are +over." + +"Well, that's good news," said Jucundus; "I mean, I am glad you think he +will shake off these fancies. I don't believe they sit very close to him +myself." + +He walked on for a while in silence; then he said, "That seems a sharp +child, Arnobius. Could he do me a service if I wanted it? Does he know +Agellius?" + +"Know him?" answered the other; "yes, and his farm too. He has rambled +round Sicca, many is the mile. And he knows the short cuts, and the blind +ways, and safe circuits." + +"What's the boy's name?" asked Jucundus. + +"Firmian," answered Arnobius. "Firmian Lactantius." + +"I say, Firmian," said Jucundus to him, "where are you to be found of a +day, my boy?" + +"At class morning and afternoon," answered Firmian, "sleeping in the +porticoes in midday, nowhere in the evening, and roosting with Arnobius at +night." + +"And you can keep a secret, should it so happen?" asked Jucundus, "and do +an errand, if I gave you one?" + +"I'll give him the stick worse than Rupilius, if he does not," said +Arnobius. + +"A bargain," cried Jucundus; and, waving his hand to them, he stept +through the city gate, and they returned to their afternoon amusements. + + + + + + CHAPTER IX. + + + JUCUNDUS BAITS HIS TRAP. + + +Agellius is busily employed upon his farm. While the enemies of his faith +are laying their toils for him and his brethren in the imperial city, in +the proconsular _officium_, and in the municipal curia,--while Jucundus is +scheming against him personally in another way and with other +intentions,--the unconscious object of these machinations is busy about his +master's crops, housing the corn in caves or pits, distilling the roses, +irrigating the _khennah_, and training and sheltering the vines. And he +does so, not only from a sense of duty, but the more assiduously, because +he finds in constant employment a protection against himself, against idle +thoughts, wayward wishes, discontent, and despondency. It is doubtless +very strange to the reader how any one who professed himself a Christian +in good earnest should be open to the imputation of resting his hopes and +his heart in the tents of paganism; but we do not see why Agellius has not +quite as much right to be inconsistent in one way as Christians of the +present time in another, and perhaps he has more to say for himself than +they. They have not had the trial of solitude, nor the consequent +temptation to which he has been exposed, of seeking relief from his own +thoughts in the company of unbelievers. When a boy he had received his +education at that school in the Temple of Mercury of which we heard in the +foregoing chapter; and though happily he had preserved himself from the +contagion of idolatry and sin, he had on that very account formed no +friendships with his schoolfellows. Whether there were any Christians +there besides himself he did not know; but while the worst of his +schoolfellows were what heathen boys may be supposed to be, the lightest +censure which could be passed on any was that they were greedy, or +quarrelsome, or otherwise unamiable. He had learned there enough to open +his mind, and to give him materials for thinking, and instruments for +reflecting on his own religion, and for drawing out into shape his own +reflections. He had received just that discipline which makes solitude +most pleasant to the old, and most insupportable to the young. He had got +a thousand questions which needed answers, a thousand feelings which +needed sympathy. He wanted to know whether his guesses, his perplexities, +his trials of mind, were peculiar to himself, or how far they were shared +by others, and what they were worth. He had capabilities for intellectual +enjoyment unexercised, and a thirst after knowledge unsatisfied. And the +channels of supernatural assistance were removed from him at a time when +nature was most impetuous and most clamorous. + +It was under circumstances such as these that two young Greeks, brother +and sister, the brother older, the sister younger, than Agellius, came to +Sicca at the invitation of Jucundus, who wanted them for his trade. His +nephew in time got acquainted with them, and found in them what he had +sought in vain elsewhere. It is not that they were oracles of wisdom or +repositories of philosophical learning; their age and their calling +forbade it, nor did he require it. For an oracle, of course, he would have +looked in another direction; but he desiderated something more on a level +with himself, and that they abundantly supplied. He found, from his +conversations with them, that a great number of the questions which had +been a difficulty to him had already been agitated in the schools of +Greece. He found what solutions were possible, what the hinge was on which +questions turned, what the issue to which they led, and what the principle +which lay at the bottom of them. He began better to understand the +position of Christianity in the world of thought, and the view which was +taken of it by the advocates of other religions or philosophies. He gained +some insight into its logic, and advanced, without knowing it, in the +investigation of its evidences. + +Nor was this all; he acquired by means of his new friends a great deal +also of secular knowledge as well as philosophical. He learned much of the +history of foreign countries, especially of Greece, of its heroes and +sages, its poets and its statesmen, of Alexander, of the Syro-Macedonic +empire, of the Jews, and of the series of conquests through which Rome +advanced to universal dominion. + +To impart knowledge is as interesting as to acquire it; and Agellius was +called upon to give as well as to take. The brother and sister, without +showing any great religious earnestness, were curious to know about +Christianity, and listened with the more patience that they had no special +attachment to any other worship. In the debates which ensued, though there +was no agreement, there was the pleasure of mental exercise and +excitement; he found enough to tell them without touching upon the more +sacred mysteries; and while he never felt his personal faith at all +endangered by their free conversation, his charity, or at least his +good-will and his gratitude, led him to hope, or even to think, that they +were in the way of conversion themselves. In this thought he was aided by +his own innocence and simplicity; and though, on looking back afterwards +to this eventful season, he recognized many trivial occurrences which +ought to have put him on his guard, yet he had no suspicion at the time +that those who conversed so winningly, and sustained so gracefully and +happily the commerce of thought and sentiment, might in their actual +state, nay, in their governing principles, be in utter contrariety to +himself when the veil was removed from off their hearts. + +Nor was it in serious matters alone, but still more on lighter occasions +of intercourse, that Aristo and Callista were attractive to the solitary +Agellius. She had a sweet thrilling voice, and accompanied herself on the +lyre. She could act the _improvisatrice_, and her expressive features were +a running commentary on the varied meaning, the sunshine and the shade, of +her ode or her epic. She could relate how the profane Pentheus and the +self-glorious Hippolytus gave a lesson to the world of the feebleness of +human virtue when it placed itself in opposition to divine power. She +could teach how the chaste Diana manifests herself to the simple shepherd +Endymion, not to the great or learned; and how Tithonus, the spouse of the +Morn, adumbrates the fate of those who revel in their youth, as if it were +to last for ever; and who, when old, do nothing but talk of the days when +they were young, wearying others with tales of "their amours or their +exploits, like grasshoppers that show their vigour only by their +chirping."(3) The very allegories which sickened and irritated Arnobius +when spouted out by Polemo, touched the very chords of poor Agellius's +heart when breathed forth from the lips of the beautiful Greek. + +She could act also; and suddenly, when conversation flagged or suggested +it, she could throw herself into the part of Medea or Antigone, with a +force and truth which far surpassed the effect produced by the male and +masked representations of those characters at the theatre. Brother and +sister were OEdipus and Antigone, Electra and Orestes, Cassandra and the +Chorus. Once or twice they attempted a scene in Menander; but there was +something which made Agellius shrink from the comedy, beautiful as it was, +and clever as was the representation. Callista could act Thais as truly as +Iphigenia, but Agellius could not listen as composedly. There are certain +most delicate instincts and perceptions in us which act as first +principles, and which, once effaced, can never, except from some +supernatural source, be restored to the mind. When men are in a state of +nature, these are sinned against, and vanish very soon, at so early a date +in the history of the individual that perhaps he does not recollect that +he ever possessed them; and since, like other first principles, they are +but very partially capable of proof, a general scepticism prevails both as +to their existence and their truth. The Greeks, partly from the vivacity +of their intellect, partly from their passion for the beautiful, lost +these celestial adumbrations sooner than other nations. When a collision +arose on such matters between Agellius and his friends, Callista kept +silence; but Aristo was not slow to express his wonder that the young +Christian should think customs or practices wrong which, in his view of +the matter, were as unblamable and natural as eating, drinking, or +sleeping. His own face became almost satirical as Agellius's became grave; +however, he was too companionable and good-natured to force another to be +happy in his own way; he imputed to the extravagance of his friend's +religion what in any but a Christian he would have called moroseness and +misanthropy; and he bade his sister give over representations which, +instead of enlivening the passing hour, did but inflict pain. + +This friendly intercourse had now gone on for some months, as the leisure +of both parties admitted. Once or twice brother and sister had come to the +suburban farm; but for the most part, in spite of his intense dislike of +the city, he had for their sake threaded its crowded and narrow +thoroughfares, crossed its open places, and presented himself at their +apartments. And was it very strange that a youth so utterly ignorant of +the world, and unsuspicious of evil, should not have heard the warning +voice which called him to separate himself from heathenism, even in its +most specious form? Was it very strange, under these circumstances, that a +sanguine hope, the hope of the youthful, should have led Agellius to +overlook obstacles, and beguile himself into the notion that Callista +might be converted, and make a good Christian wife? Well, we have nothing +more to say for him; if we have not already succeeded in extenuating his +offence, we must leave him to the mercy, or rather to the justice, of his +severely virtuous censors. + +But all this while Jucundus had been conversing with him; and, unless we +are quick about it, we shall lose several particulars which are necessary +for those who wish to pursue without a break the thread of his history. +His uncle had brought the conversation round to the delicate point which +had occasioned his visit, and had just broken the ice. With greater tact, +and more ample poetical resources than we should have given him credit +for, he had been led from the scene before him to those prospects of a +moral and social character which ought soon to employ the thoughts of his +dear Agellius. He had spoken of vines and of their culture, _apropos_ of +the dwarf vines around him, which stood about the height of a +currant-bush. Thence he had proceeded to the subject of the more common +vine of Africa, which crept and crawled along the ground, the extremity of +each plant resting in succession on the stock of that which immediately +preceded it. And now, being well into his subject, he called to mind the +high vine of Italy, which mounts by the support of the slim tree to which +it clings. Then he quoted Horace on the subject of the marriage of the elm +and the vine. This lodged him _in medias res_; and Agellius's heart beat +when he found his uncle proposing to him, as a thought of his own, the +very step which he had fancied was almost a secret of his own breast, +though Juba had seemed to have some suspicion of it. + +"My dear Agellius," said Jucundus, "it would be a most suitable +proceeding. I have never taken to marrying myself; it has not lain in my +way, or been to my taste. Your father did not set me an encouraging +example; but here you are living by yourself, in this odd fashion, unlike +any one else. Perhaps you may come in time and live in Sicca. We shall +find some way of employing you, and it will be pleasant to have you near +me as I get old. However, I mean it to be some time yet before Charon +makes a prize of me; not that I believe all that rubbish more than you, +Agellius, I assure you." + +"It strikes me," Agellius began, "that perhaps you may think it +inconsistent in me taking such a step, but--" + +"Ay, ay, that's the rub," thought Jucundus; then aloud, "Inconsistent, my +boy! who talks of inconsistency? what superfine jackanapes dares to call +it inconsistent? You seem made for each other, Agellius--she town, you +country; she so clever and attractive, and up to the world, you so fresh +and Arcadian. You'll be quite the talk of the place." + +"That's just what I don't want to be," said Agellius. "I mean to say," he +continued, "that if I thought it inconsistent with my religion to think of +Callista--" + +"Of course, of course," interrupted his uncle, who took his cue from Juba, +and was afraid of the workings of Agellius's human respect; "but who knows +you have been a Christian? no one knows anything about it. I'll be bound +they all think you an honest fellow like themselves, a worshipper of the +gods, without crotchets or hobbies of any kind. I never told them to the +contrary. My opinion is, that if you were to make your libation to Jove, +and throw incense upon the imperial altar to-morrow, no one would think it +extraordinary. They would say for certain that they had seen you do it +again and again. Don't fancy for an instant, my dear Agellius, that you +have anything whatever to get over." + +Agellius was getting awkward and mortified, as may be easily conceived, +and Jucundus saw it, but could not make out why. "My dear uncle," said the +youth, "you are reproaching me." + +"Not a bit of it," said Jucundus, confidently, "not a shadow of reproach; +why should I reproach you? We can't be wise all at once; _I_ had my +follies once, as you may have had yours. It's natural you should grow more +attached to things as they are,--things as they are, you know,--as time goes +on. Marriage, and the preparation for marriage, sobers a man. You've been +a little headstrong, I can't deny, and had your fling in your own way; but +'nuces pueris,' as you will soon be saying yourself on a certain occasion. +Your next business is to consider what kind of a marriage you propose. I +suppose the Roman, but there is great room for choice even there." + +It is a proverb how different things are in theory and when reduced to +practice. Agellius had thought of the end more than of the means, and had +had a vision of Callista as a Christian, when the question of rites and +forms would have been answered by the decision of the Church without his +trouble. He _was_ somewhat sobered by the question, though in a different +way from what his uncle wished and intended. + +Jucundus proceeded--"First, there is _matrimonium confarreationis_. You +have nothing to do with that: strictly speaking, it is obsolete; it went +out with the exclusiveness of the old patricians. I say 'strictly +speaking'; for the ceremonies remain, waiving the formal religious rite. +Well, my dear Agellius, I don't recommend this ceremonial to you. You'd +have to kill a porker, to take out the entrails, to put away the gall, and +to present it to Juno Pronuba. And there's fire, too, and water, and +frankincense, and a great deal of the same kind, which I think +undesirable, and you would too; for there, I am sure, we are agreed. We +put this aside then, the religious marriage. Next comes the marriage _ex +coemptione_, a sort of mercantile transaction. In this case the parties +buy each other, and become each other's property. Well, every man to his +taste; but for me, I don't like to be bought and sold. I like to be my own +master, and am suspicious of anything irrevocable. Why should you commit +yourself (do you see?) for ever, _for ever_, to a girl you know so little +of? Don't look surprised: it's common sense. It's very well to buy _her_; +but to be bought, that's quite another matter. And I don't know that you +can. Being a Roman citizen yourself, you can only make a marriage with a +citizen; now the question is whether Callista is a citizen at all. I know +perfectly well the sweeping measure some years back of Caracalla, which +made all freemen citizens of Rome, whatever might be their country; but +that measure has never been carried out in fact. You'd have very great +difficulty with the law and the customs of the country; and then, after +all, if the world were willing to gratify you, where's your proof she is a +freewoman? My dear boy, I must speak out for your good, though you're +offended with me. I wish you to have her, I do; but you can't do +impossibilities--you can't alter facts. The laws of the empire allow you to +have her in a certain definite way, and no other; and you cannot help the +law being what it is. I say all this, even on the supposition of her being +a freewoman; but it is just possible she may be in law a slave. Don't +start in that way; the pretty thing is neither better nor worse for what +she cannot help. I say it for your good. Well, now I'm coming to my point. +There is a third kind of marriage, and that is what I should recommend for +you. It's the _matrimonium ex usu_, or _consuetudine_; the great advantage +here is, that you have no ceremonies whatever, nothing which can in any +way startle your sensitive mind. In that case, a couple are at length man +and wife _praescriptione_. You are afraid of making a stir in Sicca; in +this case you would make none. You would simply take her home here; if, as +time went on, you got on well together, it would be a marriage; if +not,"--and he shrugged his shoulders--"no harm's done; you are both free." + +Agellius had been sitting on a gate of one of the vineyards; he started on +his feet, threw up his arms, and made an exclamation. + +"Listen, listen, my dear boy!" cried Jucundus, hastening to explain what +he considered the cause of his sudden annoyance; "listen, just one moment, +Agellius, if you can. Dear, dear, how I wish I knew where to find you! +What _is_ the matter? I'm not treating her ill, I'm not indeed. I have not +had any notion at all even of hinting that you should leave her, unless +you both wished the bargain rescinded. No, but it is a great rise for her; +you are a Roman, with property, with position in the place; she's a +stranger, and without a dower: nobody knows whence she came, or anything +about her. She ought to have no difficulty about it, and I am confident +will have none." + +"O my good, dear uncle! O Jucundus, Jucundus!" cried Agellius, "is it +possible? do my ears hear right? What is it you ask me to do?" and he +burst into tears. "Is it conceivable," he said, with energy, "that you are +in earnest in recommending me--I say in recommending me--a marriage which +really would be no marriage at all?" + +"Here is some very great mistake," said Jucundus, angrily; "it arises, +Agellius, from your ignorance of the world. You must be thinking I +recommend you mere _contubernium_, as the lawyers call it. Well, I confess +I did think of that for a moment, it occurred to me; I should have liked +to have mentioned it, but knowing how preposterously touchy and skittish +you are on supposed points of honour, or sentiment, or romance, or of +something or other indescribable, I said not one word about that. I have +only wished to consult for your comfort, present and future. You don't do +me justice, Agellius. I have been attempting to smooth your way. You +_must_ act according to the received usages of society! you cannot make a +world for yourself. Here have I proposed three or four ways for your +proceeding: you will have none of them. What _will_ you have? I thought +you didn't like ceremonies; I thought you did not like the established +ways. Go, then, do it in the old fashion; kill your sheep, knead your +meal, light your torches, sing your song, summon your flamen, if he'll +come. Any how, take your choice; do it either with religion or without." + +"O Jucundus!" said the poor fellow, "am I then come to this?" and he could +say no more. + +His distress was not greater than his uncle's disappointment, perplexity, +and annoyance. The latter had been making everything easy for Agellius, +and he was striking, do what he would, on hidden, inexplicable +impediments, whichever way he moved. He got more and more angry the more +he thought about it. An unreasonable, irrational coxcomb! He had heard a +great deal of the portentous stubbornness of a Christian, and now he +understood what it was. It was in his blood, he saw; an offensive, sour +humour, tainting him from head to foot. A very different recompense had he +deserved. There had he come all the way from his home from purely +disinterested feelings. He had no motive whatever, but a simple desire of +his nephew's welfare; what other motive could he have? "Let Agellius go to +the crows," he thought, "if he will; what is it to me if he is seized for +a Christian, hung up like a dog, or thrown like a dead rat into the +_cloaca_ of the prison? What care I if he is made a hyaena's breakfast in +the amphitheatre, all Sicca looking on, or if he is nailed on a cross for +the birds to peck at before my door? Ungrateful puppy! it is no earthly +concern of mine what becomes of him. I shall be neither better nor worse. +No one will say a word against Jucundus; he will not lose a single +customer, or be shunned by a single jolly companion, for the exposure of +his nephew. But a man can't be saved against his will. Here am I, full of +expedients and resources for his good; there is he, throwing cold water on +everything, and making difficulties as if he loved them. It's his +abominable pride, that's the pith of the matter. He could not have behaved +worse though I had played the bully with him, and had reproached him with +his Christianity. But I have studiously avoided every subject which could +put his back up. He's a very Typhon or Enceladus for pride. Here he'd give +his ears to have done with Christianity; he wants to have this Callista; +he wants to buy her at the price of his religion; but he'd rather be +burned than say, I've changed! Let him reap as he has sown; why should I +coax him further to be merciful to himself? Well Agellius," he said aloud, +"I'm going back." + +Agellius, on the other hand, had his own thoughts; and the most urgent of +them at the moment was sorrow that he had hurt his uncle. He was sincerely +attached to him, in consequence of his faithful guardianship, his many +acts of kindness, the reminiscences of childhood, nay, the love he bore to +the good points of his character. To him he owed his education and his +respectable position. He could not bear his anger, and he had a fear of +his authority; but what was to be done? Jucundus, in utter insensibility +to certain instincts and rules which in Christianity are first principles, +had, without intending it, been greatly dishonouring Agellius, and his +passion, and the object of it. Uncle and nephew had been treading on each +other's toes, and each was wincing under the mischance. It was Agellius's +place, as the younger, to make advances, if he could, to an adjustment of +the misunderstanding; and he wished to find some middle way. And, also, it +is evident he had another inducement besides his tenderness to Jucundus to +urge him to do so. In truth, Callista exerted a tremendous sway over him. +The conversation which had just passed ought to have opened his eyes, and +made him understand that the very first step in any negotiations between +them was her _bona fide_ conversion. It was evident he could not, he +literally had not the power of marrying her as a heathen. Roman might +marry a Roman; but a degradation of each party in the transaction was the +only way by which a Roman could make any sort of marriage with a Greek. If +she were converted, they would be both of them under the rules of the +Catholic Church. But what prospect was there of so happy an event? What +had ever fallen from her lips which looked that way? Could not a clever +girl throw herself into the part of Alcestis, or chant the majestic verses +of Cleanthes, or extemporize a hymn upon the spring, or hold an argument +on the _pulchrum_ and _utile_, without having any leaning towards +Christianity? A calm, sweet voice, a noble air, an expressive countenance, +refined and decorous manners, were these specific indications of heavenly +grace? Ah, poor Agellius! a fascination is upon you; and so you are +thinking of some middle term, which is to reconcile your uncle and you; +and therefore you begin as follows:-- + +"I see by your silence, Jucundus, that you are displeased with me, you who +are always so kind. Well, it comes from my ignorance of things; it does +indeed. I ask your forgiveness for anything which seemed ungrateful in my +behaviour, though there is not ingratitude in my heart. I am too much of a +boy to see things beforehand, and to see them in all their bearings. You +took me by surprise by talking on the subject which led to our +misunderstanding. I will not conceal for an instant that I like Callista +very much; and that the more I see her, I like her the more. It strikes me +that, if you break the matter to Aristo, he and I might have some talk +together, and understand each other." + +Jucundus was hot-tempered, but easily pacified; and he really did wish to +be on confidential terms with his nephew at the present crisis; so he +caught at his apology. "Now you speak like a reasonable fellow, Agellius," +he answered. "Certainly, I will speak to Aristo, as you wish; and on this +question of _consuetudo_ or prescription. Well, don't begin looking queer +again. I mean I will speak to him on the whole question and its details. +He and I will talk together for our respective principals. We shall soon +come to terms, I warrant you; and then _you_ shall talk with him. Come, +show me round your fields," he continued, "and let me see how you will be +able to present things to your bride. A very pretty property it is. I it +was who was the means of your father thinking of it. You have heard me say +so before now, and all the circumstances. + +"He was at Carthage at this time, undecided what to do with himself. It so +happened that Julia Clara's estates were just then in the market. An +enormous windfall her estates were. Old Didius was emperor just before my +time; he gave all his estates to his daughter as soon as he assumed the +purple. Poor lady! she did not enjoy them long; Severus confiscated the +whole, not, however, for the benefit of the state, but of the _res +privata_. They are so large in Africa alone, that, as you know, you are +under a special procurator. Well, they did not come into the market at +once; the existing farmers were retained. Marcus Juventius farmed a very +considerable portion of them; they were contiguous, and dovetailed into +his own lands, and accordingly, when he got into trouble, and had to sell +his leases, there were certain odds and ends about Sicca which it was +proposed to lease piecemeal. Your employer, Varius, would have given any +money for them, but I was beforehand with him. Nothing like being on the +spot; he was on business of the proconsul at Adrumetum. I sent off Hispa +instantly to Strabo; not an hour's delay after I heard of it. The sale was +at Carthage; he went to his old commander, who used his influence, and the +thing was done. + +"I venture to say there's not such a snug little farm in all Africa; and I +am sanguine we shall get a renewal, though Varius will do his utmost to +outbid us. Ah, my dear Agellius, if there is but a suspicion you are not a +thorough-going Roman! Well, well,--here! ease me through this gate, +Agellius; I don't know what's come to the gate since I was here. +Indeed!--yes! you have improved this very much. That small arbour is +delicious; but you want an image, an Apollo or a Diana. Ah! do now stop +for a moment; why are you going forward at such a pace? I'll give you an +image: it shall be one that you will really like. Well, you won't have it? +I beg you ten thousand pardons. Ha, ha! I mean nothing. Ha, ha, ha! Oh, +what an odd world it is! Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha! Well, I am keeping you from +your labourers. Ha, ha, ha!" + +And having thus smoothed his own ruffled temper, and set things right, as +he considered, with Agellius, the old pagan took his journey homewards, +assuring Agellius that he would make all things clear for him in a very +short time, and telling him to be sure to make a call upon Aristo before +the ensuing calends. + + + + + + CHAPTER X. + + + THE DIVINE CALLISTA. + + +The day came which Agellius had fixed for paying his promised visit to +Aristo. It is not to be denied that, in the interval, the difficulties of +the business which occasioned his visit had increased upon his +apprehensions. Callista was not yet a Christian, nor was there any reason +for saying that a proposal of marriage would make her one; and a strange +sort of convert she would be, if it did. He would not suffer himself to +dwell upon difficulties which he was determined never should be realized. +No; of course a heathen he could not marry, but a heathen Callista should +not be. He did not see the process, but he was convinced she would become +a Christian. Yet somehow so it was, that, if he was able to stultify his +reason, he did not quite succeed to his satisfaction with his conscience. +Every morning found him less satisfied with himself, and more disposed to +repent of having allowed his uncle to enter on the subject with Aristo. +But it was a thing done and over; he must either awkwardly back out, or he +must go on. His middle term, as he hastily had considered it, was nothing +else than siding with his uncle, and committing himself to go all lengths, +unless some difficulty rose with the other party. Yet could he really wish +that the step had not been taken? Was it not plain that if he was to put +away Callista from his affections, he must never go near her? And was he +to fall back on his drear solitude, and lose that outlet of thought and +relief of mind which he had lately found in the society of his Greek +friends? + +We may easily believe that he was not very peaceful in heart when he set +out on that morning to call upon Aristo; yet he would not allow that he +was doing wrong. He recurred to the pleasant imagination that Callista +would certainly become a Christian, and dwelt pertinaciously upon it. He +could not tell on what it was founded; he knew enough of his religion not +to mean that she was too good to be a heathen; so it is to be supposed he +meant that he discerned what he hoped were traces of some supernatural +influence operating upon her mind. He had a perception, which he could not +justify by argument, that there was in Callista a promise of something +higher than anything she yet was. He felt a strange sympathy with her, +which certainly unless he utterly deceived himself, was not based on +anything merely natural or human,--a sympathy the more remarkable from the +contrariety which existed between them in matters of religious belief. And +hope having blown this large and splendid bubble, sent it sailing away, +and it rose upon the buoyant atmosphere of youth, beautiful to behold. + +And yet, as Agellius ascended the long flight of marble steps which led +the foot-passenger up into that fair city, while the morning sun was +glancing across them, and surveyed the outline of the many sumptuous +buildings which crested and encircled the hill, did he not know full well +that iniquity was written on its very walls, and spoke a solemn warning to +a Christian heart to go out of it, to flee it, not to take up a home in +it, not to make alliance with anything in it? Did he not know from +experience full well that, when he got into it, his glance could no longer +be unrestrained, or his air free; but that it would be necessary for him +to keep a control upon his senses, and painfully guard himself against +what must either be a terror to him and an abhorrence, or a temptation? +Enter in imagination into a town like Sicca, and you will understand the +great Apostle's anguish at seeing a noble and beautiful city given up to +idolatry. Enter it, and you will understand why it was that the poor +priest, of whom Jucundus spoke so bitterly, hung his head, and walked with +timid eyes and clouded brow through the joyous streets of Carthage. +Hitherto we have only been conducting heathens through it, boys or men, +Jucundus, Arnobius, and Firmian; but now a Christian enters it with a +Christian's heart and a Christian's hope. + +Well is it for us, dear reader, that we in this age do not experience--nay, +a blessed thing that we cannot even frame to ourselves in imagination--the +actual details of evil which hung as an atmosphere over the cities of +Pagan Rome. An Apostle calls the tongue "a fire, a world of iniquity, +untameable, a restless evil, a deadly poison;" and surely what he says +applies to hideous thoughts represented to the eye, as well as when they +are made to strike upon the ear. Unfortunate Agellius! what takes you into +the city this morning? Doubtless some urgent, compulsive duty; otherwise +you would not surely be threading its lanes or taking the circuit of its +porticoes, amid sights which now shock and now allure; fearful sights--not +here and there, but on the stateliest structures and in the meanest +hovels, in public offices and private houses, in central spots and at the +corners of the streets, in bazaars and shops and house-doors, in the +rudest workmanship and in the highest art, in letters or in emblems or in +paintings--the insignia and the pomp of Satan and of Belial, of a reign of +corruption and a revel of idolatry which you can neither endure nor +escape. Wherever you go it is all the same; in the police-court on the +right, in the military station on the left, in the crowd around the +temple, in the procession with its victims and its worshippers who walk to +music, in the language of the noisy market-people; wherever you go, you +are accosted, confronted, publicly, shamelessly, now as if a precept of +religion, now as if a homage to nature, by all which, as a Christian, you +shrink from and abjure. + +It is no accident of the season or of the day; it is the continuous +tradition of some thousands of years; it is the very orthodoxy of the +myriads who have lived and died there. There was a region once, in an +early age, lying upon the Eastern Sea, which is said at length to have +vomited out its inhabitants for their frightful iniquity. They, thus cast +forth, took ship, and passed over to the southern coast; and then, +gradually settling and spreading into the interior, they peopled the woody +plains and fertile slopes of Africa, and filled it with their cities. +Sicca is one of these set up in sin; and at the time of which we write +that sin was basking under the sun, and rioting and extending itself to +its amplest dimensions, like some glittering serpent or spotted pard of +the neighbourhood, without interposition from heaven or earth in +correction of so awful a degradation. In such scenes of unspeakable +pollution, our Christian forefathers perforce lived; through such a scene, +though not taking part in it, Agellius, blessed with a country home, is +unnecessarily passing. + +He has reached the house, or rather the floor, to which he has been making +his way. It is at the back of the city, where the rock is steep; and it +looks out upon the plain and the mountain range to the north. Its inmates, +Aristo and Callista, are engaged in their ordinary work of moulding or +carving, painting or gilding the various articles which the temples or the +private shrines of the established religion required. Aristo has received +from Jucundus the overtures which Agellius had commissioned him to make, +and finds, as he anticipated, that they are no great news to his sister. +She perfectly understands what is going on, but does not care to speak +much upon it, till Agellius makes his appearance. As they sit at work, +Aristo speaks:-- + +"Agellius will make his appearance here this morning. I say, Callista, +what can he be coming for?" + +"Why, if your news be true, that the Christians are coming into trouble, +of course he means to purchase, as a blessing on him, some of these bits +of gods." + +"You are sharp enough, my little sister," answered Aristo, "to know +perfectly well who is the goddess he is desirous of purchasing." + +Callista laughed carelessly, but made no reply. + +"Come, child," Aristo continued, "don't be cruel to him. Wreath a garland +for him by the time he comes. He's well to do, and modest withal, and +needs encouragement." + +"He's well enough," said Callista. + +"I say he's a fellow too well off to be despised as a lover," proceeded +her brother, "and it would be a merit with the gods to rid him of his +superstition." + +"Not much of a Christian," she made answer, "if he is set upon me." + +"For whose sake has he been coming here so often, mine or yours, +Callista?" + +"I am tired of such engagements," she replied. She went on with her +painting, and several times seemed as if she would have spoken, but did +not. Then, without interrupting her work, she said calmly, "Time was, it +gratified my conceit and my feelings to have hangers on. Indeed, without +them, how should we have had means to come here? But there's a weariness +in all things." + +"A weariness! Where is this bad humour to end?" cried Aristo; "it has been +a long fit; shake it off while you can, or it will be too much for you. +What can you mean? a weariness! You are over young to bid youth farewell. +Aching hearts for aching bones. So young and so perverse! We must take +things as the gods give them. You will ask for them in vain when you are +old. One day above, another day beneath; one while young, another while +old. Enjoy life while you have it in your hand." He had said this as he +worked. Then he stopped, and turned round to her, with his graving-tool in +his hand. "Recollect old Lesbia, how she used to squeak out to me, with +her nodding head and trembling limbs"--here he mimicked the old crone--" 'My +boy, take your pleasure while you can. I can't take pleasure--my day is +over; but I don't reproach myself. I had a merry time of it while it +lasted. Time stops for no one, but I did my best; I don't reproach +myself.' There's the true philosopher, though a slave; more outspoken than +AEsop, more practical than Epictetus." + +Callista began singing to herself:-- + + "I wander by that river's brink + Which circles Pluto's drear domain; + I feel the chill night breeze, and think + Of joys which ne'er shall be again. + + "I count the weeds that fringe the shore, + Each sluggish wave that rolls and rolls; + I hear the ever-splashing oar + Of Charon, ferryman of souls. + +"Heigho!" she continued, "little regret, but much dread. The young have to +fear more than the old have to mourn over. The future outweighs the past. +Life is not so sweet as death is bitter. It is hard to quit the light, the +light of heaven." + +"Callistidion!" he said, impatiently; "my girl, this is preposterous. How +long is this to go on? We must take you to Carthage; there is more trade +there, if we can get it; and it will be on the bright, far-resounding sea. +And I will turn rhetorician, and you shall feed my classes." + +"O beautiful, divine light," she continued, "what a loss! O, to think that +one day I must lose you for ever! At home I used to lie awake at night +longing for the morning, and crying out for the god of day. It was like +choice wine to me, a cup of Chian, the first streaks of the Aurora, and I +could hardly bear his bright coming, when he came to me like Semele, for +rapture. How gloriously did he shoot over the hills! and then anon he +rested awhile on the snowy summit of Olympus, as in some luminous shrine, +gladdening the Phrygian plain. Fair, bright-haired god! thou art my +worship, if Callista worships aught: but somehow I worship nothing now. I +am weary." + +"Well," said her brother in a soothing tone, "it is a change. That light, +elastic air, that transparent heaven, that fresh temperate breeze, that +majestic sea! Africa is not Greece; O, the difference! That's it, +Callista; it is the _nostalgia_; you are home-sick." + +"It may be so," she said; "I do not well know what I would have. Yes, the +poisonous dews, the heavy heat, the hideous beasts, the green +fever-gendering swamps. This vast thickly-wooded plain, like some +mysterious labyrinth, oppresses and disquiets me with its very richness. +The luxuriant foliage, the tall, rank plants, the deep, close lanes, I do +not see my way through them, and I pant for breath. I only breathe freely +on this hill. O, how unlike Greece, with the clear, soft, delicate +colouring of its mountains, and the pure azure or the purple of its +waters!" + +"But, my dear Callista," interrupted her brother, "recollect you are not +in those oppressive, gloomy forests, but in Sicca, and no one asks you to +penetrate them. And if you want mountains, I think those on the horizon +are bare enough." + +"And the race of man," she continued, "is worse than all. Where is the +genius of our bright land? where its intelligence, playfulness, grace, and +noble bearing? Here hearts are as black as brows, and smiles as +treacherous as the adders of the wood. The natives are crafty and +remorseless; they never relax; they have no cheerfulness or mirth; their +very love is a furnace, and their sole ecstasy is revenge." + +"No country like home to any of us," said Aristo; "yet here you are. Habit +would be a second nature if you were here long enough; your feelings would +become acclimated, and would find a new home. People get to like the +darkness of the extreme north in course of time. The painted Britons, the +Cimmerians, the Hyperboreans, are content never to see the sun at all, +which is your god. Here your own god reigns; why quarrel with him?" + +"The sun of Greece is light," answered Callista; "the sun of Africa is +fire. I am no fire-worshipper." + +"I suspect even Styx and Phlegethon are tolerable, at length," said her +brother, "if Phlegethon and Styx there be, as the poets tell us." + +"The cold, foggy Styx is the north," said Callista, "and the south is the +scorching, blasting Phlegethon, and Greece, clear, sweet, and sunny, is +the Elysian fields." And she continued her improvisations:-- + + "Where are the islands of the blest? + They stud the AEgean sea; + And where the deep Elysian rest? + It haunts the vale where Peneus strong + Pours his incessant stream along, + While craggy ridge and mountain bare + Cut keenly through the liquid air, + And, in their own pure tints arrayed, + Scorn earth's green robes which change and fade, + And stand in beauty undecayed, + Guards of the bold and free." + +"A lower flight, if you please, just now," said Aristo, interrupting her. +"I do really wish a serious word with you about Agellius. He's a fellow I +can't help liking, in spite of his misanthropy. Let me plead his cause. +Like him or not yourself, still he has a full purse; and you will do a +service to yourself and to the gods of Greece, and to him too, if you will +smile on him. Smile on him at least for a time; we will go to Carthage +when you are tired. His looks have very little in them of a Christian +left; you may blow it away with your breath." + +"One might do worse than be a Christian," she answered slowly, "if all is +true that I have heard of them." + +Aristo started up in irritation. "By all the gods of Olympus," he said, +"this is intolerable! If a man wants a tormentor, I commend him to a girl +like you. What has ailed thee some time past, you silly child? What have I +done to you that you should have got so cross and contrary and so hard to +please?" + +"I mean," she said, "if I were a Christian, life would be more bearable." + +"Bearable!" he echoed; "bearable! ye gods! more bearable to have Styx and +Tartarus, the Furies and their snakes, in this world as well as in the +next? to have evil within and without, to hate one's self and to be hated +of all men! to live the life of an ass, and to die the death of a dog! +Bearable! But hark! I hear Agellius's step on the staircase. Callista, +dear Callista, be yourself. Listen to reason." + +But Callista would not listen to reason, if her brother was its +embodiment; but went on with her singing:-- + + "For what is Afric but the home + Of burning Phlegethon? + What the low beach and silent gloom, + And chilling mists of that dull river, + Along whose bank the thin ghosts shiver, + The thin, wan ghosts that once were men, + But Tauris, isle of moor and fen; + Or, dimly traced by seaman's ken, + The pale-cliffed Albion?" + +Here she stopped, looked down, and busied herself with her work. + + + + + + CHAPTER XI. + + + CALLISTA'S PREACHING, AND WHAT CAME OF IT. + + +It is undeniably a solemn moment, under any circumstances, and requires a +strong heart, when any one deliberately surrenders himself, soul and body, +to the keeping of another while life shall last; and this, or something +like this, reserving the supreme claim of duty to the Creator, is the +matrimonial contract. In individual cases it may be made without thought +or distress, but surveyed objectively, and as carried out into a +sufficient range of instances, it is so tremendous an undertaking that +nature seems to sink under its responsibilities. When the Christian binds +himself by vows to a religious life, he makes a surrender to Him who is +all-perfect, and whom he may unreservedly trust. Moreover, looking at that +surrender on its human side, he has the safeguard of distinct _provisos_ +and regulations, and of the principles of theology, to secure him against +tyranny on the part of his superiors. But what shall be his encouragement +to make himself over, without condition or stipulation, as an absolute +property, to a fallible being, and that not for a season, but for life? +The mind shrinks from such a sacrifice, and demands that, as religion +enjoins it, religion should sanction and bless it. It instinctively +desires that either the bond should be dissoluble, or that the subjects of +it should be sacramentally strengthened to maintain it. "So help me God," +the formula of every oath, is emphatically necessary here. + +But Agellius is contemplating a superhuman engagement without superhuman +assistance; and that in a state of society in which public opinion, which +in some sense compensates for the absence of religion, supplied human +motives, not for, but against keeping it, and with one who had given no +indication that she understood what marriage meant. No wonder then, that, +in spite of his simplicity, his sanguine temperament, and his delusion, +the more he thought of the step he had taken, the more unsatisfactory he +found it, and the nearer he grew to the time when he must open the subject +with Aristo, the less he felt able to do so. In consequence he was in a +distress of mind, as he ascended the staircase which led to his friend's +lodging, to which his anxiety, as he mounted the hill on the other side of +the city, was tranquillity itself; and, except that he was coming by +engagement, he would have turned back, and for the time at least have put +the whole subject from his thoughts. Yet even then, as often as Callista +rose in his mind's eye, his scruples and misgivings vanished before the +beauty of that image, as mists before the sun; and when he actually stood +in her sweet presence, it seemed as if some secret emanation from her +flowed in upon his heart, and he stood breathless and giddy under the +intensity of the fascination. + +However, the reader must not suppose that in the third century of our era +such negotiations as that which now seems to be on the point of coming off +between Callista and Agellius, were embellished with those transcendental +sentiments and that magnificent ceremonial with which chivalry has +invested them in these latter ages. There was little occasion then for +fine speaking or exquisite deportment; and if there had been, we, who are +the narrators of these hitherto unrecorded transactions, should have been +utterly unable to do justice to them. At that time of day the Christian +had too much simplicity, the heathen too little of real delicacy, to +indulge in the sublimities of modern love-making, at least as it is found +in novels; and in the case before us both gentleman and lady will be +thought, we consider, sadly matter-of-fact, or rather semi-barbarous, by +the votaries of what is just now called European civilization. + +On Agellius's entering the room, Aristo was pacing to and fro in some +discomposure; however, he ran up to his friend, embraced him, and, looking +at him with significance, congratulated him on his good looks. "There is +more fire in your eye," he said, "dear Agellius, and more eloquence in the +turn of your lip, than I have ever yet seen. A new spirit is in you. So +you are determined to come out of your solitude? That you should have been +able to exist in it so long is the wonderment to me." + +Agellius had recovered himself, yet he dared not look again on Callista. +"Do not jest, Aristo," he said; "I am come, as you know, to talk to you +about your sister. I have brought her a present of flowers; they are my +best present, or rather not mine, but the birth of the opening year, as +fair and fragrant as herself." + +"We will offer them to our Pallas Athene," said his friend, "to whom we +artists are especially devout." And he would have led Agellius on, and +made him place them in her niche in the opposite wall. + +"I am more serious than you are," said Agellius; "and I have brought the +best my garden contains as an offering to your sister. _She_ will not +think I bring them for any other purpose. Where are you going?" he +continued, as he saw his friend take down his broad _petasus_. + +"Why," answered Aristo, "since I am so poor an interpreter of your +meaning, you can dispense with me altogether. I will leave you to speak +for yourself, and meanwhile will go and see what old Dromo has to tell, +before the sun is too high in the heavens." + +Saying this, with a half-imploring, half-satirical look at his sister, he +set off to the barber's at the Forum. + +Agellius took up the flowers, and laid them on the table before her, as +she sat at work. "Do you accept my flowers, Callista?" he asked. + +"Fair and fragrant, like myself, are they?" she made reply. "Give them to +me." She took them, and bent over them. "The blushing rose," she said, +gravely, "the stately lily, the royal carnation, the golden moly, the +purple amaranth, the green bryon, the diosanthos, the sertula, the sweet +modest saliunca, fit emblems of Callista. Well, in a few hours they will +have faded; yes, they will get more and more like her." + +She paused and looked him steadily in the face, and then continued: +"Agellius, I once had a slave who belonged to your religion. She had been +born in a Christian family, and came into my possession on her master's +death. She was unlike any one I have seen before or since; she cared for +nothing, yet was not morose or peevish or hard-hearted. She died young in +my service. Shortly before her end she had a dream. She saw a company of +bright shades, clothed in white, like the hours which circle round the god +of day. They were crowned with flowers, and they said to each other, +'_She_ ought to have a token too.' So they took her hand, and led her to a +most beautiful lady, as stately as Juno and as sweet as Ariadne, so +radiant in countenance that they themselves suddenly looked like +Ethiopians by the side of her. She, too, was crowned with flowers, and +these so dazzling that they might be the stars of heaven or the gems of +Asia for what Chione could tell. And that fair goddess (angel you call +her) said, 'My dear, here is something for you from my Son. He sends you +by me a red rose for your love, a white lily for your chastity, purple +violets to strew your grave, and green palms to flourish over it.' Is this +the reason why you give me flowers, Agellius, that I may rank with Chione? +and is this their interpretation?" + +"Callista," he answered, "it is my heart's most fervent wish, it is my +mind's vivid anticipation, that the day may come when you will receive +such a crown, nay, a brighter one." + +"And you are come, of course, to philosophize to me, and to put me in the +way of dying like Chione," she made answer. "I implore your pardon. You +are offering me flowers, it seems, not for a bridal wreath, but for a +funeral urn." + +"Is it wonderful," said Agellius, "that the two wishes should have gone +together in my heart; and that while I trusted and prayed that you might +have the same Master in heaven as I have myself, I also hoped you would +have the same service, the same aims, the same home upon earth?" + +"And that you should speak one word for your Master and two for yourself!" +she retorted. + +"It has been by feeling how much you could be to me," he answered, "that I +have been led to think how much my Master may be doing for you already, +and how much in time to come you might do for Him. Callista, do not urge +me with your Greek subtlety, or expect me to analyze my feelings more +precisely than I have the ability to do. May I calmly tell you the state +of my mind, as I do know it, and will you patiently listen?" + +She signified her willingness, and he continued--"This only I know," he +said, "what I have experienced ever since I first heard you converse, that +there is between you and me a unity of thought so strange that I should +have deemed it could not have been, before I found it actually to exist, +between any two persons whatever; and which, widely as we are separated in +opinion and habit, and differently as we have been brought up, is to me +inexplicable. I find it difficult to explain what I mean; we disagree +certainly on the most important subjects, yet there is an unaccountable +correspondence in the views we take of things, in our impressions, in the +line in which our minds move, and the issues to which they come, in our +judgment of what is great and little, and the manner in which objects +affect our feelings. When I speak to my uncle, when I speak to your +brother, I do not understand them, nor they me. We are moving in different +spheres, and I am solitary, however much they talk. But to my +astonishment, I find between you and me one language. Is it wonderful +that, in proportion to my astonishment, I am led to refer it to one cause, +and think that one Master Hand must have engraven those lines on the soul +of each of us? Is it wonderful that I should fancy that He who has made us +alike has made us for each other, and that the very same persuasives by +which I bring you to cast your eyes on me, may draw you also to cast +yourself in adoration at the feet of my Master?" + +For an instant tears seemed about to start from Callista's eyes, but she +repressed the emotion, if it were such, and answered with impetuosity, +"Your Master! who is your Master? what know I of your Master? what have +you ever told me of your Master? I suppose it is an esoteric doctrine +which I am not worthy to know; but so it is, here you have been again and +again, and talked freely of many things, yet I am in as much darkness +about your Master as if I had never seen you. I know He died; I know too +that Christians say He lives. In some fortunate island, I suppose; for, +when I have asked, you have got rid of the subject as best you could. You +have talked about your law and your various duties, and what you consider +right, and what is forbidden, and of some of the old writers of your sect, +and of the Jews before them; but if, as you imply, my wants and +aspirations are the same as yours, what have you done towards satisfying +them? what have you done for that Master towards whom you now propose to +lead me? No!" she continued, starting up, "you have watched those wants +and aspirations for yourself, not for Him; you have taken interest in +them, you have cherished them, as if you were the author, you the object +of them. You profess to believe in One True God, and to reject every +other; and now you are implying that the Hand, the Shadow of that God is +on my mind and heart. Who is this God? where? how? in what? O Agellius, +you have stood in the way of Him, ready to speak for yourself, using Him +as a means to an end." + +"O Callista," said Agellius, in an agitated voice, when he could speak, +"do my ears hear aright? do you really wish to be taught who the true God +is?" + +"No, mistake me not," she cried passionately, "I have no such wish. I +could not be of your religion. Ye Gods! how have I been deceived! I +thought every Christian was like Chione. I thought there could not be a +cold Christian. Chione spoke as if a Christian's first thoughts were +goodwill to others; as if his state were of such blessedness, that his +dearest heart's wish was to bring others into it. Here is a man who, so +far from feeling himself blest, thinks I can bless him! comes to me--me, +Callista, a herb of the field, a poor weed, exposed to every wind of +heaven, and shrivelling before the fierce sun--to me he comes to repose his +heart upon. But as for any blessedness he has to show me, why, since he +does not feel any himself, no wonder he has none to give away. I thought a +Christian was superior to time and place; but all is hollow. Alas, alas, I +am young in life to feel the force of that saying, with which sages go out +of it, 'Vanity and hollowness!' Agellius, when I first heard you were a +Christian, how my heart beat! I thought of her who was gone; and at first +I thought I saw her in you, as if there had been some magical sympathy +between you and her; and I hoped that from you I might have learned more +of that strange strength which my nature needs, and which she told me she +possessed. Your words, your manner, your looks were altogether different +from others who came near me. But so it was; you came, and you went, and +came again; I thought it reserve, I thought it timidity, I thought it the +caution of a persecuted sect; but O, my disappointment, when first I saw +in you indications that you were thinking of me only as others think, and +felt towards me as others may feel; that you were aiming at me, not at +your God; that you had much to tell of yourself, but nothing of Him! Time +was I might have been led to worship you, Agellius; you have hindered it +by worshipping _me_." + +It is not often, we suppose, that such deep offence is given to a lady by +the sort of admiration of which Agellius had been guilty in the case of +Callista; however, startled as he might be, and startled and stung he was, +there was too much earnestness in her distress, too much of truth in her +representations, too much which came home to his heart and conscience, to +allow of his being affronted or irritated. She had but supplied the true +interpretation of the misgiving which had haunted him that morning, from +the time he set out till the moment of his entering the room. Jucundus +some days back had readily acquiesced in his assurance that he was not +inconsistent; but Callista had not been so indulgent, though really more +merciful. There was a pause in the conversation, or rather in her +outpouring; each had bitter thoughts, and silently devoured them. At +length, she began again:-- + +"So the religion of Chione is a dream; now for four years I had hoped it +was a reality. All things again are vanity; I had hoped there was +something somewhere more than I could see; but there is nothing. Here am I +a living, breathing woman, with an over-flowing heart, with keen +affections, with a yearning after some object which may possess me. I +cannot exist without something to rest upon. I cannot fall back upon that +drear, forlorn state, which philosophers call wisdom, and moralists call +virtue. I cannot enrol myself a votary of that cold Moon, whose arrows do +but freeze me. I cannot sympathize in that majestic band of sisters whom +Rome has placed under the tutelage of Vesta. I must have something to +love; love is my life. Why do you come to me, Agellius, with your +every-day gallantry. Can you compete with the noble Grecian forms which +have passed before my eyes? Is your voice more manly, are its tones more +eloquent, than those which have thrilled through my ears since I ceased to +be a child? Can you add perfume to the feast by your wit, or pour sunshine +over grot and rushing stream by your smile? _What_ can you give me? There +was one thing which I thought you _could_ have given me, better than +anything else; but it is a shadow. You have nothing to give. You have +thrown me back upon my dreary, dismal self, and the deep wounds of my +memory.... Poor, poor Agellius! but it was not his fault, it could not be +helped," she continued, as if in thought; "it could not be helped; for, if +he had nothing to give, how could he give it? After all, he wanted +something to love, just as I did; and he could find nothing better than +me.... And they thought to persuade her to spend herself upon him, as she +had spent herself upon others. Yes, it was Jucundus and Aristo--my brother, +even my own brother. They thought not of _me_." Here her tears gushed out +violently, and she abandoned herself to a burst of emotion. "They were +thinking of _him_. I had hoped he could lead me to what was higher; but +woe, woe!" she cried, wringing her hands, "they thought I was only fit to +bring him low. Well; after all, _is_ Callista really good for much more +than the work they have set her to do?" + +She was absorbed in her own misery in an intense sense of degradation, in +a keen consciousness of the bondage of nature, in a despair of ever +finding what alone could give meaning to her existence, and an object to +her intellect and affections. And Agellius on the other hand, what +surprise, remorse, and humiliation came upon him! It was a strange +contrast, the complaint of nature unregenerate on the one hand, the +self-reproach of nature regenerate and lapsing on the other. At last he +spoke, and they were his last words. + +"Callista," he said, "whatever injury I may have unwillingly inflicted +upon you, you at least have returned me good for evil, and have made +yourself my benefactress. Certainly, I now know myself better than I did; +and He who has made use of you as His instrument of mercy towards me, will +not forget to reward you tenfold. One word will I say for myself; nay, not +for myself, but for my Master. Do not for an instant suppose that what you +thought of the Christian religion is not true. It reveals a present God, +who satisfies every affection of the heart, yet keeps it pure. I serve a +Master," he continued, blushing from modesty and earnestness as he spoke, +"I serve a Master whose love is stronger than created love. God help my +inconsistency! but I never meant to love you as I love Him. You are +destined for His love. I commit you to Him, your true Lord, whom I never +ought to have rivalled, for whom I ought simply to have pleaded. Though I +am not worthy to approach you, I shall trace you at a distance, who knows +where? perhaps even to the prison and to the arena of those who confess +the Saviour of men, and dare to suffer and die for His name. And now, +farewell; to His keeping and that of His holy martyrs I commit you." + +He did not trust himself to look at her as he turned to the door, and left +the room. + + + + + + CHAPTER XII. + + + A DEATH. + + +The first stages of repentance are but a fever, in which there is +restlessness and thirst, hot and cold fits, vague, dreary dreams, long +darkness which seems destined never to have a morning, effort without +result, and collapse without reaction. These symptoms had already +manifested themselves in Agellius; he spoke calmly to Callista, and +sustained himself by the claims of the moment; but no sooner had he left +the room and was thrown upon himself, than his self-possession left him, +and he fell into an agony, or rather anarchy of tumultuous feelings. Then +rose up before his mind a hundred evil spectres, not less scaring and more +real than the dreams of the delirious. He thought of the singular favour +which had been shown him in his reception into the Christian fold, and +that at so early a date; of the myriads all around who continued in +heathenism as they had been born, and of his utter insensibility to his +own privilege. He felt how much would be required of him, and how little +hitherto had been forthcoming. He thought of the parable of the barren +fig-tree, and the question was whispered in his ear whether it would not +be fulfilled in him. He asked himself in what his heart and his conduct +differed from the condition of a fairly virtuous heathen. And then he +thought of Callista in contrast with himself, as having done more with the +mite which she possessed than he had done with many pounds. He felt that +Tyre and Sidon were rising up against him in her person; or rather how the +saying seemed about to be verified in her, that strangers should sit down +in the kingdom from far countries, while those who were the heirs should +be thrust out. He had been rebuked by one to whom he rather ought to have +brought self-knowledge and compunction, and she was sensitively alive to +his want of charity. She had felt bitterly that she was left in ignorance +and sin by one who had what she had not. She had accused him of being +zealous enough to win her to himself, when he had shown no zeal at all to +win her to her Maker. If she was brought to the truth at length, there +would be no thanks to him for the happy change; yet on the other hand, +though he had predicted it, alas! was it likely that it would be granted? +Had she not had her opportunity, which was lost because he had not +improved it? Yes, she had with a deliberate mind and in set words put +aside and taken leave of that which she once desired and hoped might have +been her own, sorrowfully indeed, but peremptorily, as firmly persisting +in rejecting it, as she might have persisted in maintaining it; and, if +she died in infidelity, horrible thought! would not the burden lie on him, +and was this to be the token of the love which he pretended to entertain +for her? + +What was he living for? what was the work he had set himself to do? Did he +live to plant flowers, or to rear fruit, to maintain himself and to make +money? Was that a time to pride himself on vineyards and oliveyards, when, +like Eliseus, he was one among myriads who were in unbelief? Ah, the +difference between a saint and him? Of what good was he on earth; why +should not he die? why so chary of his life? why preserve his wretched +life at all? Could he not do more by giving it than by keeping it? Might +it not have been given him perchance for the very purpose that he might +sacrifice it for Him who had given it? He had been timid about making a +profession of his faith, which might have led to prison and death; but +perhaps the very object of his life in the divine purpose, the very reason +of his birth, had been that, as soon as he was grown, he should die for +the truth. He might have been cut off by disease; he was not; and why, +except that he might merit in his death, and that what, in the ordinary +course of things, was a mere suffering, might in his case be an act of +service? His death might have been the conversion of thousands, of +Callista; and the fewness of his days here would have been his claim to a +blessed eternity hereafter. + +Nor Callista alone; he had natural friends, with nearer claims upon his +charity. Had he been other than he was, he might have prevailed with his +uncle; at least he might have taught him to respect the Christian Faith +and Name, and restrained him from daring to attempt, for he now saw that +it was an attempt, to seduce him into sin. He might have lodged a good +seed in his heart, which in the hour of sickness might have germinated. +And his brother again had learned to despise him; indeed he had raised in +every one who came near him the suspicion that he was not really a +Christian, that he was an apostate (he could not help uttering a cry of +anguish as he used the word), an apostate from that which was his real +life and supreme worship. + +Why did he not at once go into the Basilica or the Gymnasium, and proclaim +himself a Christian? There were rumours abroad that the new emperor was +beginning a new policy towards his religion; let him inaugurate it in +Agellius. Might he not thus perchance wash out his sin? He would be led +into the amphitheatre, as his betters had been led before him; the crowds +would yell, and the lion would be let loose upon him. He would confront +the edict, tear it down, be seized by the apparitor, and hurried to the +rack or the slow fire. Callista would hear of it, and would learn at +length he was not quite the craven and the recreant which she thought him. + +Then his thoughts took a turn. Callista! what was Callista to him? Why +should he think of her, when she was girding him to martyrdom? Was she to +be the motive which was to animate him, and her praise his reward? Alas, +alas! could he gain heaven by pleasing a heathen? "But to whom then," he +continued, "am I to look up? who is to give me sympathy? who is to +encourage, to advise me? O my Father, pity me! a feeble child, a poor, +outcast, wandering sheep, away from the fold, torn by the briars and +thorns, and no one to bind his wounds and retrace his steps for him. Why +am I thus alone in the world? why am I without a pastor and guide? Ah, was +not this my fault in remaining in Sicca? I have no tie here; let me go to +Carthage, or to Tagaste, or to Madaura, or to Hippo. I am not fit to walk +the world by myself; I am too simple, and am no match for its artifices." + +Here another thought took possession of him, which had as yet but crossed +his mind, and it made him colour up with confusion and terror. "They were +laying a plot for me," he said, "my uncle and Aristo; and it is Callista +who has defeated it." And as he spoke, he felt how much he owed to her, +and how dangerous too it was to think of his debt. Yet it would not be +wrong to pray for her; she had marred the device of which she was to have +been the agent. "Laqueus contritus est, et nos liberati sumus:" the net +was broken and he was delivered. She had refused his devotion, that he +might give it to his God; and now he would only think of her, and whisper +her name, when he was kneeling before the Blessed Mary, his advocate. O +that that second and better Eve, who brought salvation into the world, as +our first mother brought death, O that she might bear Callista's name in +remembrance, and get it written in the Book of life! + +It was high noon; and all this time Agellius was walking in his present +excited mood, without covering to his head, under the burning rays of the +sun, not knowing which way he went, and retracing his steps, as he +wandered about at random, with a vague notion he was going homewards. The +few persons whom he met, creeping about under the shadow of the lofty +houses, or under the porticoes of the temples, looked at him with wonder, +and thought him furious or deranged. The shafts of the sun were not so hot +as his own thoughts, or as the blood which shot to and fro so fiercely in +his veins; but they were working fearfully on his physical frame, though +they could not increase the fever of his mind. He had come to the Forum; +the market people were crouching under their booths or the shelter of +their baskets. The riffraff of the city, who lived by their wits, or by +odd jobs, or on the windfalls of the market; lazy fellows who did nothing, +who did not move till hunger urged them, like the brute; half-idiotic +chewers of opium, ragged or rather naked children, the butcher boys and +scavengers of the temples, lay at their length at the mouth of the caverns +formed by the precipitous rock, or under the Arch of Triumph, or amid the +columns of the Gymnasium and the Heracleum, or in the doorways of the +shops. A scattering of beggars were lying, poor creatures, on their backs +in the blazing sun, reckless of the awful maladies, the fits, the +seizures, and the sudden death, which might be the consequence. + +Numbers out of this mixed multitude were asleep; some were looking with +dull listless eyes at the still scene, or at any accidental movements +which might vary it. They saw a figure coming nearer and nearer and wildly +passing by. Just then Agellius was diverted from his painful meditations +by hearing one of these fellows say to another, as he roused from a sort +of doze, "That's one of them. We know them all, but very poor pickings can +be got out of them; but he has more than most. They're a low set in +Sicca." And then the man cried out, "Look sharp, young chap! the Furies +are at your heels, and the Fates are going before you. Look there at the +emperor; he is looking at you, as grim and sour as you could wish him." He +spoke of the equestrian statue of Severus before the Basilica on the +right; and, attracted by his words, Agellius went up to a board which was +fixed to its base. It was an imperial edict, and it ran as follows:-- + +"Cneius Trajanus Decius, Augustus; and Quintus Herennius Etruscus Decius, +Caesar; Emperors, unconquerable and pious; by united council these:-- + +"Whereas we have experienced the benefits and the gifts of the gods, and +do also enjoy the victory which they have given us over our enemies, and +moreover salubrity of seasons, and abundance in the fruits of the earth; + +"Therefore, acknowledging the aforesaid as our benefactors and the +providers of those things which are necessary for the commonwealth, we +make this our decree, that every class of the state, freemen and slaves, +the army and civilians, offer to the gods expiatory sacrifices, falling +down in supplication before them; + +"And if any one shall presume to disobey this our divine command, which we +unite in promulgating, we order that man to be thrown into chains, and to +be subjected to various tortures; + +"And should he thereupon be persuaded to reverse his disobedience, he +shall receive from us no slight honours; + +"But should he hold out in opposition, first he shall have many tortures, +and then shall be executed by the sword, or thrown into the deep sea, or +given as a prey to birds and dogs; + +"And more than all if such a person be a professor of the Christian +religion. + +"Farewell, and live happy." + +The old man in the fable called on Death, and Death made his appearance. +We are very far indeed from meaning that Agellius uttered random words, or +spoke impatiently, when he just now expressed a wish to have the +opportunity of dying for the Faith. Nevertheless, what now met his eyes +and was transmitted through them, sentence by sentence, into his mind, was +not certainly of a nature to calm the tumult which was busy in breast and +brain; a sickness came over him, and he staggered away. The words of the +edict still met his eyes, and were of a bright red colour. The sun was +right before him, but the letters were in the sun, and the sun in his +brain. He reeled and fell heavily on the pavement. No notice was taken of +the occurrence by the spectators around him. They lazily or curiously +looked on, and waited to see if he would recover. + +How long he lay there he could not tell, when he came to himself; if it +could really be said to be coming to himself to have the power of motion, +and an instinct that he must move, and move in one direction. He managed +to rise and lean against the pedestal of the statue, and its shade by this +time protected him. Then an intense desire came upon him to get home, and +that desire gave him a temporary preternatural strength. It came upon him +as a duty to leave Sicca for his cottage, and he set off. He had a +confused notion that he must do his duty, and go straight forward, and +turn neither to the right, nor the left, and stop nowhere, but move on +steadily for his true home. But next an impression came upon him that he +was running away from persecution, and that this ought not to be, and that +he ought to face the enemy, or at least not to hide from him, but meekly +wait for him. + +As he went along the narrow streets which led down the hill towards the +city gate this thought came so powerfully upon him that at length he sat +down on a stone which projected from an open shop, and thought of +surrendering himself. He felt the benefit of the rest, and this he fancied +to be the calm of conscience consequent upon self-surrender and +resignation. It was a fruiterer's stall, and the owner, seeing his +exhaustion, offered him some slices of a water-melon for his refreshment. +He ate one of them, and then again a vague feeling came on him that he was +in danger of idolatry, and must protest against idolatry, and that he +ought not to remain in the neighbourhood of temptation. So, throwing down +the small coin which was sufficient for payment, he continued his journey. +The rest and the refreshment of the fruit, and the continued shade which +the narrow street allowed him, allayed the fever, and for the time +recruited him, and he moved on languidly. The sun, however, was still high +in heaven, and when he got beyond the city beat down upon his head from a +cloudless sky. He painfully toiled up the ascent which led to his cottage. +He had nearly gained the gate of his homestead; he saw his old household +slave, born in his father's house, a Christian like himself, coming to +meet him. A dizziness came over him, he lost his senses, and fell down +helplessly upon the bank. + + + + + + CHAPTER XIII. + + + AND RESURRECTION. + + +Jucundus was quite as much amused as provoked at the result of the +delicate negotiation in which he had entangled his nephew. It was a +gratification to him to find that its ill success had been owing in no +respect to any fault on the side of Agellius. He had done his part without +shrinking, and the view which he, Jucundus, had taken of his state of +mind, was satisfactorily confirmed. He had nothing to fear from Agellius, +and though he had failed in securing the guarantee which he had hoped for +his attachment to things as they were, yet in the process of failure it +had been proved that his nephew might be trusted without it. And it was a +question, whether a girl so full of whims and caprices as Callista might +after all have done him any permanent good. The absurd notion, indeed, of +her having a leaning for Christianity had been refuted by her conduct on +the occasion; still, who could rely on a clever and accomplished Greek? +There were secret societies and conspiracies in abundance, and she might +have involved so weak and innocent a fellow in some plans against the +government, now or at a future time; or might have alienated him from his +uncle, or in some way or other made a fool of him, if she had consented to +have him for her slave. Why she had rejected so eligible a suitor it was +now useless and idle to inquire; it might be that the haughty or greedy +Greek had required him to bid higher for her favourable notice. If the +negotiation had taken such a turn, then indeed there was still more +gratifying evidence of Agellius having broken from his fantastic and +peevish superstition. + +Still, however, he was not without anxiety, now that the severe measures +directed against the Christians were in progress. No overt act, indeed, +beyond the publication of the edict, had been taken in Sicca--probably +would be taken at all. The worst was, that something must be done to make +a show; he could have wished that some of the multitude of townspeople, +half suspected of Christianity, had stood firm, and suffered themselves to +be tortured and executed. One or two would have been enough; but the +magistracy got no credit with the central government for zeal and activity +if no Christians were made an example of. Yet still it was a question +whether the strong acts at Carthage and elsewhere would not suffice, +though the lesser towns did nothing. At least, while the populace was +quiet, there was nothing to press for severity. There were no rich +Christians in Sicca to tempt the cupidity of the informer or of the +magistrate; no political partisans among them, who had made enemies with +this or that class of the community. But, supposing a bad feeling to rise +in the populace, supposing the magistrates to have ill-wishers and +rivals--and what men in power had not?--who might be glad to catch them +tripping, and make a case against them at Rome, why, it must be confessed +that Agellius was nearly the only victim who could be pitched upon. He +wished Callista no harm, but, if a Christian must be found and held up _in +terrorem_, he would rather it was a person like her, without connections +and home, than the member of any decent family of Sicca, whose fair fame +would be compromised by a catastrophe. However, she was _not_ a Christian, +and Agellius _was_, at least by profession; and his fear was lest Juba +should be right in his estimate of his brother's character. Juba had said +that Agellius could be as obstinate as he was ordinarily indolent and +yielding, and Jucundus dreaded lest, if he were rudely charged with +Christianity, and bidden to renounce it under pain of punishment, he would +rebel against the tyrannical order, and go to prison and to death out of +sheer perverseness or sense of honour. + +With these perplexities before him, he could find nothing better than the +following plan of action, which had been in his mind for some time. While +the edict remained inoperative, he would do nothing at all, and let +Agellius go on with his country occupations, which would keep him out of +the way. But if any disposition appeared of a popular commotion, or a +movement on the part of the magistracy, he determined to get possession of +Agellius, and forcibly confine him in his own house in Sicca. He hoped +that in the case of one so young, so uncommitted, he should have influence +with the municipal authorities, or at the praetorium, or in the camp (for +the camp and the praetorium were under different jurisdictions in the +proconsulate), to shelter Agellius from a public inquiry into his +religious tenets, or if this could not be, to smuggle him out of the city. +He was ready to affirm solemnly that his nephew was no Christian, though +he was touched in the head, and, from an affection parallel to +hydrophobia, to which the disciples of Galen ought to turn their +attention, was sent into convulsions on the sight of an altar. His father, +indeed, was a malignant old atheist--there was no harm in being angry with +the dead--but it was very hard the son should suffer for his father's +offence. If he must be judged of by his parents, let him rather have the +advantage of the thorough loyalty and religiousness of his mother, a most +zealous old lady, in high repute in the neighbourhood of Sicca for her +theurgic knowledge, a staunch friend of the imperial government, which had +before now been indebted to her for important information, and as staunch +a hater of the Christians. Such was the plan of proceedings resolved on by +Jucundus before he received the news of his nephew's serious malady. It +did not reach him till many days after; and then he did not go to see him, +first, lest he should be supposed to be in communication with him, next, +as having no respect for that romantic sort of generosity which risks the +chances of contagion for the absurd ceremony of paying a compliment. + +It was thus that Jucundus addressed himself to the present state of +affairs, and anticipated the chances of the future. As to Aristo, he had +very little personal interest in the matter. His sister might have +thwarted him in affairs which lay nearer his heart than the moral +emancipation of Agellius; and as she generally complied with his +suggestions and wishes, whatever they were, he did not grudge her her +liberty of action in this instance. Nor had the occurrence which had taken +place any great visible effect upon Callista herself. She had lost her +right to be indignant with her brother, and she resigned or rather +abandoned herself to her destiny. Her better feelings had been brought out +for the moment in her conversation with Agellius; but they were not +ordinary ones. True, she was tired, but she was the slave of the world; +and Agellius had only made her more sceptical than before that there was +any service better. So at least she said to herself; she said it was +fantastic to go elsewhere for good, and that, if life was short, then, as +her brother said, it was necessary to make the most of it. + + + +And meanwhile, what of Agellius himself? Why, it will be some little time +before Agellius will be in a condition to moralize upon anything. His +faithful slave half-carried, half-drew him into the cottage, and stretched +him upon his bed. Then, having sufficient skill for the ordinary illnesses +of the country, though this was more than an ordinary fever, he drew blood +from him, gave him a draught of herbs, and left him to the slow but safe +processes of nature to restore him. It could not be affirmed that he was +not in considerable danger of life, yet youth carries hope with it, and +his attendant had little to fear for his recovery. For some days certainly +Agellius had no apprehension of anything, except of restlessness and +distress, of sleepless nights, or dreary, miserable dreams. At length one +morning, as he was lying on his back with his eyes shut, it came into his +mind to ask himself whether Sunday would ever come. He had been accustomed +upon the first day of the week to say some particular prayers and psalms, +and unite himself in spirit with his brethren beyond seas. And then he +tried to remember the last Sunday; and the more he thought, the less he +could remember it, till he began to think that months had gone without a +Sunday. This he was certain of, that he had lost reckoning, for he had +made no notches for the days for a long while past, and unless his slave +Asper knew, there was no one to tell him. Here he got so puzzled, that it +was like one of the bad dreams which had worried him. He felt it affect +his head, and he was obliged to give up the inquiry. + +From this time his sleep was better and more refreshing for several days; +he was more collected when he was awake, and was able to ask himself why +he lay there, and what had happened to him. Then gradually his memory +began to return like the dawning of the day; the cause and the +circumstances of his recent visit to the city, point after point came up, +and he felt first wonder, and then certainty. He recollected the Forum, +and then the edict; a solemn, overpowering emotion here seized him, and +for a while he dared not think more. When he recovered, and tried to +pursue the events of the day, he found himself unequal to the task; all +was dark, except that he had some vague remembrance of thirsting, and some +one giving him to drink, and then his saying with the Psalmist, +"Transivimus per ignem et aquam." + +He opened his eyes and looked about him. He was at home. There was some +one at the bed-head whom he could not see hanging over him, and he was too +weak to raise himself and so command a view of him. He waited patiently, +being too feeble to have any great anxiety on the subject. Presently a +voice addressed him: "You are recovering, my son," it said. + +"Who are _you_?" said Agellius abruptly. The person spoken to applied his +mouth to Agellius's ear, and uttered lowly several sacred names. + +Agellius would have started up had he been strong enough; he could but +sink down upon his rushes in agitation. + +"Be content to know no more at present," said the stranger, "praise God, +as I do. You know enough for your present strength. It is your act of +obedience for the day." + +It was a deep, clear, peaceful, authoritative voice. In his present state, +as we have said, it cost Agellius no great effort to mortify curiosity; +and the accents of that voice soothed him, and the mystery employed his +mind, and had something pleasing and attractive in it. Moreover, about the +main point there was no mystery, and could be no mistake, that he was in +the hands of a Christian ecclesiastic. + +The stranger occupied himself for a time with a book of prayers which he +carried about him, and then again with the duties of a sick-bed. He +sprinkled vinegar over Agellius's face and about the room, and supplied +him with the refreshment of cooling fruit. He kept the flies from +tormenting him, and did his best so to arrange his posture that he might +suffer least from his long lying. In the morning and evening he let in the +air, and he excluded the sultry noon. In these various occupations he was +from time to time removed to a distance from the patient, who thus had an +opportunity of observing him. The stranger was of middle height, upright, +and well proportioned; he was dressed in a peasant's or slave's dark +tunic. His face was rather round than long; his hair black, yet with the +promise of greyness, with what might be baldness in the crown, or a +priest's tonsure. His short beard curled round his chin; his complexion +was very clear. But the most striking point about him was his eyes; they +were of a light or greyish blue, transparent, and shining like precious +stones. + +From the day that they first interchanged words, the priest said some +short prayers from time to time with Agellius--the Lord's Prayer, and +portions of the Psalms. Afterwards, when he was well enough to converse, +Agellius was struck with the inexpressible peculiarity of his manner. It +was self-collected, serene, gentle, tender, unobtrusive, unstudied. It +enabled him to say things severe and even stern, without startling, +offending, or repelling the hearer. He spoke very little about himself, +though from time to time points of detail were elicited of his history in +the course of conversation. He said that his name was Caecilius. Asper, +when he entered the room, would kneel down and offer to kiss the +stranger's sandal, though the latter generally managed to prevent it. + +Caecilius did not speak much about himself; but Agellius, on the other +hand, found it a relief to tell out his own history, and reflect upon and +describe his own feelings. As he lay on his bed, he half soliloquized, +half addressed himself to the stranger. Sometimes he required an answer; +sometimes he seemed to require none. Once he asked suddenly, after a long +silence, whether a man could be baptized twice; and when the priest +answered distinctly in the negative, Agellius replied that if so, he +thought it would be best never to be baptized till the hour of death. It +was a question, he said, which had perplexed him a good deal, but he never +had had any one to converse with on the subject. + +Caecilius answered, "But how could you promise yourself that you would be +able to obtain the sacrament at the last moment? The water and the +administrator might come just too late; and then where would you be, my +son? And then again, how do you know you would wish it? Is your will +simply in your own power? 'Carpe diem;' take God's gift while you can." + +"The benefit is so immense," answered Agellius, "that one would wish, if +one could, to enter into the unseen world without losing its fulness. This +cannot be, if a long time elapses between baptism and death." + +"You are, then, of the number of those," said Caecilius, "who would cheat +their Maker of His claim on their life, provided they could (as it is +said) in their last moment cheat the devil." + +Agellius continuing silent, Caecilius added, "You want to enjoy this world, +and to inherit the next; is it so?" + +"I am puzzled, my head is weak, father; I do not see my way to speak." +Presently he said, "Sin after baptism is so awful a matter; there is no +second laver for sin; and then again, to sin against baptism is so great a +sin." + +The priest said, "In baptism God becomes your Father; your own God; your +worship; your love--can you give up this great gift all through your life? +Would you live 'without God in this world'?" + +Tears came into Agellius's eyes, and his throat became oppressed. At last +he said, distinctly and tenderly, "No." + +After a while the priest said, "I suppose what you fear is the fire of +judgment, and the prison; not lest you should fall away and be lost." + +"I know, my dear father," answered the sick youth, "that I have no right +to reckon on anything, or promise myself anything; yet somehow I have +never feared hell--though I ought, I know I ought; but I have not. I +deserve the worst, but somehow I have thought that God would lead me on. +He ever has done so." + +"Then you fear the fire of judgment," said Caecilius; "you'd put off +baptism for fear of that fire." + +"I did not say I _would_," answered Agellius; "I wanted _you_ to explain +the thing to me." + +"Which would you rather, Agellius, be without God here, or suffer the fire +there?" + +Agellius smiled; he said faintly, "I take Him for my portion here _and_ +there: _He_ will be in the fire with me." + +Agellius lay quiet for some hours, and seemed asleep. Suddenly he began +again, "I was baptized when I was only six years old. I'm glad you do not +think it was wilful in me, and wrong. I cannot tell what took me," he +presently continued. "It was a fervour; I have had nothing of the kind +since. What does our Lord say? I can't remember: 'Novissima pejora +prioribus.' " + +He continued the train of thought another day, or rather the course of his +argument; for on the thought itself his mind seemed ever to be working. +"My spring is gone," he said, "and I have no summer. Nay, I have had no +spring; it was a day, not a season. It came, and it went; where am I now? +Can spring ever return? I wish to begin again in right earnest." + +"Thank God, my son, for this great mercy," said Caecilius, "that, though +you have relaxed, you have never severed yourself from the peace of the +Church, you have not denied your God." + +Agellius sighed bitterly. "O my father," he said, " 'Erravi, sicut ovis +quae periit.' I have been very near denying Him, at least by outward act. +You do not know me; you cannot know what has come on me lately. And I dare +not look back on it, my heart is so weak. My father, how am I to repent of +what is past, when I dare not think of it? To think of it is to renew the +sin." + +" 'Puer meus, noli timere,' " answered the priest; " 'si transieris per +ignem, odor ejus non erit in te.' In penance, the grace of God carries you +without harm through thoughts and words which _would_ harm you apart from +it." + +"Ah, penance!" said Agellius; "I recollect the catechism. What is it, +father? a new grace, I know; a plank after baptism. May I have it?" + +"You are not strong enough yet to think of these things, Agellius," +answered Caecilius. "Please God, you shall get well. Then you shall review +all your life, and bring it out in order before Him; and He, through me, +will wipe away all that has been amiss. Praise Him who has spared you for +this." + +It was too much for the patient in his weak state; he could but shed happy +tears. + +Another day he had sat up in bed. He looked at his hands, from which the +skin was peeling; he felt his lips, and it was with them the same; and his +hair seemed coming off also. He smiled and said, "Renovabitur, ut aquila, +juventus mea." + +Caecilius responded, as before, with sacred words which were new to +Agellius: " 'Qui sperant in Domino mutabunt fortitudinem; assument pennas, +sicut aquilae,' 'Sursum corda!' you must soar, Agellius." + +" 'Sursum corda!' " answered he; "I know those words. They are old +friends; where have I heard them? I can't recollect; but they are in my +earliest memories. Ah! but, my father, my heart is below, not above. I +want to tell you all. I want to tell you about one who has enthralled my +heart; who has divided it with my True Love. But I daren't speak of her, +as I have said; I dare not speak, lest I be carried away. O, I blush to +say it; she is a heathen! May God save her soul! Will He come to me, and +not to her? 'Investigabiles viae ejus.' " + +He remained silent for some time; then he said, "Father, I mean to +dedicate myself to God, simply, absolutely, with His grace. I will be His, +and He shall be mine. No one shall come between us. But O this weak +heart!" + +"Keep your good resolves till you are stronger," said the priest. "It is +easy to make them on a sick-bed. You must first reckon the charges." + +Agellius smiled. "I know the passage, father," he said, and he repeated +the sacred words: "If any man come to Me, and hate not his father and +mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his +own life also, he cannot be My disciple." + +Another time Agellius said: "The Martyrs; surely the old bishop used to +say something about the Martyrs. He spoke of a second baptism, and called +it a baptism of blood; and said, 'Might his soul be with the Martyrs!' +Father, would not this wash out every thing, as the first?" + +It was now Caecilius who smiled, and his eyes shone like the sapphires of +the Holy City; and he seemed the ideal of him who, when + + "Called upon to face + Some awful moment to which heaven has joined + Great issues, good or bad for humankind, + Is happy as a lover, and attired + With sudden brightness, like a man inspired." + +However, he soon controlled himself, and said, "Quo ego vado, non potes me +modo sequi; sequeris autem postea." + + + + + + CHAPTER XIV. + + + A SMALL CLOUD. + + +This sort of intercourse, growing in frequency and fulness, went on for +about a week, till Agellius was able to walk with support, and to leave +the cottage. The priest and his own slave took him between them, and +seated him one evening in sight of the glorious prospect, traversed by the +long shadow of the far mountains, behind which the sun was making its way. +The air was filled with a thousand odours; the brilliant colouring of the +western heavens was contrasted with the more sober but varied tints of the +rich country. The wheat and barley harvest was over; but the beans were +late, and still stood in the fields. The olives and chestnut-trees were +full of fruit; the early fig was supplying the markets with food; and the +numerous vineyards were patiently awaiting the suns of the next month +slowly to perfect their present promise. The beautiful scene had a moral +dignity, from its associations with human sustenance and well-being. The +inexpressible calmness of evening was flung, like a robe, over it. Its +sweetness was too much for one who had been confined to the monotony of a +sick-room, and was still an invalid. He sat silent, and in tears. It was +life from the dead; and he felt he had risen to a different life. And thus +he came out evening after evening convalescent, gradually and surely +advancing to perfect restoration of his health. + +One evening he said, after feeding his eyes and thoughts for some time +with the prospect, " 'Mansueti hereditabunt terram.' They alone have real +enjoyment of this earth who believe in its Maker. Every breath of air +seems to whisper how good He is to me." + +Caecilius answered, "These sights are the shadows of that fairer Paradise +which is our home, where there is no beast of prey, no venomous reptile, +no sin. My child, should _I_ not feel this more than you? Those who are +shut up in crowded cities see but the work of man, which is evil. It is +the compensation of my flight from Carthage that I am brought before the +face of God." + +"The heathen worship all this, as if God Himself," said Agellius; "how +strange it seems to me that any one can forget the Creator in His works!" + +Caecilius was silent for a moment, and sighed; he then said, "You have ever +been a Christian, Agellius." + +"And you have not, my father?" answered he; "well, you have earned that +grace which came to me freely." + +"Agellius," said the priest, "it comes freely to all; and is only merited +when it has already prevailed. Yet I think you earned it too, else why the +difference between you and your brother?" + +"What do you know of us?" asked Agellius quickly. + +"Not a great deal," answered he, "yet something. Three or four years back +an effort was made to rekindle the Christian spirit in these parts, and to +do something for the churches of the proconsulate, and to fill up the +vacant sees. Nothing has come of it as yet; but steps were taken towards +it: one was to obtain a recovery of the Christians who remained in them. I +was sent here for that purpose, and in this way heard of you and your +brother. When my life was threatened by the persecution, and I had to +flee, I thought of your cottage. I was obliged to act secretly, as we did +not know friends from foes." + +"You were led here for other purposes towards _me_, my father," said +Agellius; "yet you cannot have a safer refuge. There is nothing to +disturb, nothing to cause suspicion here. In this harvest time numbers of +strangers pour in from the mountains, of various races; there is nothing +to distinguish you from one of them, and my brother is away convoying some +grain to Carthage. Persecution drove you hither, but you have not been +suffered to be idle, my father, you have brought home a wanderer." He +added, after a pause, "I am well enough to go to confession to you now. +May it be this evening?" + +"It will be well," answered Caecilius; "how long I shall still be here, I +cannot tell. I am expecting my trusty messenger with despatches. It is now +three days since he was here. However, this I say without misgiving, we do +not part for long. What do you here longer? you must come to me. I must +prepare you, and send you back to Sicca, to collect and restore this +scattered flock." + +Agellius turned, and leaned against the priest's shoulder, and laughed. "I +am laughing," he said, "not from lightness of mind, but from the depth of +surprise and of joy that you should so think of me. It was a dream which +once I had; but impossible! you do not think that I, weak I, shall ever be +able to do more than save my own soul?" + +"You will save your own soul by saving the souls of others," said +Caecilius; "my child, I could tell you more things if I thought it good for +you." + +"But, my father, I have so weak, so soft a heart," cried Agellius; "what +am I to do with myself? I am not of the temper of which heroes are made." + +" 'Virtus in infirmitate perficitur,' " said the priest. "What! are you to +do _any_ thing of yourself? or are you to be simply the instrument of +Another? We shall have the same termination, you and myself, but you long +after me." + +"Ah, father, because _you_ will burn out so much more quickly!" said +Agellius. + +"I think," said Caecilius, "I see my messenger; there is some one who has +made his way by stealth into the garden, or at least not by the beaten +way." + +There _was_ a visitor, as Caecilius had said; however, it was not his +messenger, but Juba, who approached, looking with great curiosity at +Caecilius, and absorbed in the sight. Caecilius in turn regarded him +steadfastly, and then said to Agellius, "It is your brother." + +"What brings you here, Juba?" said the latter. + +"I have been away on a distant errand," said Juba; "and find you have been +ill. Is this your nurse?" he eyed him almost sternly, and added, "'Tis a +Christian priest." + +"Has Agellius no acquaintance but Christians?" asked Caecilius. + +"Acquaintance! O surely!" answered Juba; "agreeable, innocent, sweet +acquaintance of another sort; myself to begin with. My lad," he continued, +"you did not rise to their price, but you did your best." + +"Juba," said his brother, "if you have any business here, say it, and have +done. I am not strong enough to hold any altercation with you." + +"Business!" said Juba, "I can find quite business enough here, if I +choose. This is a priest of the Christians. I am sure of it." + +Caecilius looked at him with such calmness and benevolence, that at length +Juba turned away his eyes with something of irritation. He said, "If I +_am_ a priest, I am here to claim you as one of my children." + +Juba winced, but said scornfully, "You are mistaken there, father; speak +to those who own you. I am a free man." + +"My son," Caecilius answered, "you have been under instruction; it is your +duty to go forward, not back." + +"What do you know about me?" said Juba; "he has been telling." + +"Your face, your manner, your voice, tells a tale; I need no information +from others. I have heard of you years ago; now I see you." + +"What do you see in me?" said Juba. + +"I see pride in bodily shape, treading down faith and conviction," said +Caecilius. + +Juba neighed rather than laughed, so fierce and scornful was its +expression. "What you slaves call pride," he said, "I call dignity." + +"You believe in a God, Creator of heaven and earth, as certainly as I do," +said the priest, "but you deliberately set yourself against Him." + +Juba smiled. "I am as free," he said, "in _my_ place, as He in His." + +"You mean," answered Caecilius, "free to do wrong, and free to suffer for +it." + +"You may call it wrong, and call it suffering," replied Juba; "but for me, +_I_ do not call wrong what He calls wrong; and if He puts me to pain, it +is because He is the stronger." + +The priest stopped awhile; there was no emotion on either side. It was +strange to see them so passionless, so antagonistic, like St. Michael and +his adversary. + +"There is that within you," said Caecilius, "which speaks as I speak. That +inward voice takes the part of the Creator, and condemns you." + +"_He_ put it there," said Juba; "and _I_ will take care to put it out." + +"Then He will have justice as well as power on His side," said the priest. + +"I will never fawn or crouch," said Juba; "I will be lord and master in my +own soul. Every faculty shall be mine; there shall be no divided +allegiance." + +Caecilius paused again; he said at length, "My son, my soul tells me, or +rather my Maker tells me, and your Maker, that some heavy judgment is +impending over you. Do penance while you may." + +"Tell your forebodings to women and children," said Juba; "I am prepared +for anything. I will not be crushed." + +Agellius was not strong enough to bear a part in such a scene. "Father," +he said, "it is his way, but don't believe him. He has better thoughts. +Away with you, Juba, you are not wanted here." + +"Agellius," said the priest, "such words are not strange to me. I am not +young, and have seen much of the world; and my very office and position +elicits blasphemies from others from time to time. I knew a man who +carried out his bad thoughts and words into act. Abjuring his Maker, he +abandoned himself to the service of the evil one. He betrayed his brethren +to death. He lived on year after year, and became old. He was smitten with +illness; then I first saw him. I made him contemplate a picture; it was +the picture of the Good Shepherd. I dwelt on the vain efforts of the poor +sheep to get out of the fold; its irrational aversion to its home, and its +desperate resolution to force a way through the prickly fence. It was +pierced and torn with the sharp aloe; at last it lay imprisoned in its +stern embrace, motionless and bleeding. Then the Shepherd, though He had +to wound His own hands in the work, disengaged it, and brought it back. +God has His own times; His power went along with the picture, and the man +was moved. I said, '_This_ is His return for your enmity: He is determined +to have you, cost Him what it will.' I need not go through the many things +that followed, but the issue may be told in few words. He came back; he +lived a life of penance at the Church's door; he received the peace of the +Church in immediate prospect of the persecution, and has within the last +ten days died a martyr's death." + +Juba had listened as if he was constrained against his will. When the +priest stopped he started, and began to speak impetuously, and unlike his +ordinary tone. He placed his hands violently against his ears. "Stop!" he +said, "no more. _I_ will not betray them; no: I _need_ not betray them;" +he laughed; "the black moor does the work himself. Look," he cried, +seizing the priest's arm, and pointing to a part of the forest, which +happened to be to windward. "You are in their number, priest, who can +foretell the destinies of others, and are blind to their own. Read there, +the task is not hard, your coming fortunes." + +His finger was directed to a spot where, amid the thick foliage, the gleam +of a pool or of a marsh was visible. The various waters round about +issuing from the gravel, or drained from the nightly damps, had run into a +hollow, filled with the decaying vegetation of former years, and were +languidly filtered out into a brook, more healthy than the vast reservoir +itself. Its banks were bordered with a deep, broad layer of mud, a +transition substance between the rich vegetable matter which it once had +been, and the multitudinous world of insect life which it was becoming. A +cloud or mist at this time was hanging over it, high in air. A harsh and +shrill sound, a whizzing or a chirping, proceeded from that cloud to the +ear of the attentive listener. What these indications portended was plain. +"There," said Juba, "is what will tell more against you than imperial +edict, informer, or proconsular apparitor; and no work of mine." + +He turned down the bank and disappeared. Agellius and his guest looked at +each other in dismay. "It is the locusts," they whispered to each other, +as they went back into the cottage. + + + + + + CHAPTER XV. + + + A VISITATION. + + +The plague of locusts, one of the most awful visitations to which the +countries included in the Roman empire were exposed, extended from the +Atlantic to Ethiopia, from Arabia to India, and from the Nile and Red Sea +to Greece and the north of Asia Minor. Instances are recorded in history +of clouds of the devastating insect crossing the Black Sea to Poland, and +the Mediterranean to Lombardy. It is as numerous in its species as it is +wide in its range of territory. Brood follows brood, with a sort of family +likeness, yet with distinct attributes, as we read in the prophets of the +Old Testament, from whom Bochart tells us it is possible to enumerate as +many as ten kinds. It wakens into existence and activity as early as the +month of March; but instances are not wanting, as in our present history, +of its appearance as late as June. Even one flight comprises myriads upon +myriads passing imagination, to which the drops of rain or the sands of +the sea are the only fit comparison; and hence it is almost a proverbial +mode of expression in the East (as may be illustrated by the sacred pages +to which we just now referred), by way of describing a vast invading army, +to liken it to the locusts. So dense are they, when upon the wing, that it +is no exaggeration to say that they hide the sun, from which circumstance +indeed their name in Arabic is derived. And so ubiquitous are they when +they have alighted on the earth, that they simply cover or clothe its +surface. + +This last characteristic is stated in the sacred account of the plagues of +Egypt, where their faculty of devastation is also mentioned. The +corrupting fly and the bruising and prostrating hail had preceded them in +that series of visitations, but _they_ came to do the work of ruin more +thoroughly. For not only the crops and fruits, but the foliage of the +forest itself, nay, the small twigs and the bark of the trees are the +victims of their curious and energetic rapacity. They have been known even +to gnaw the door-posts of the houses. Nor do they execute their task in so +slovenly a way, that, as they have succeeded other plagues so they may +have successors themselves. They take pains to spoil what they leave. Like +the Harpies, they smear every thing that they touch with a miserable +slime, which has the effect of a virus in corroding, or, as some say, in +scorching and burning it. And then, as if all this were little, when they +can do nothing else, they die;--as if out of sheer malevolence to man, for +the poisonous elements of their nature are then let loose, and dispersed +abroad, and create a pestilence; and they manage to destroy many more by +their death than in their life. + +Such are the locusts,--whose existence the ancient heretics brought forward +as their palmary proof that there was an evil creator, and of whom an +Arabian writer shows his national horror, when he says that they have the +head of a horse, the eyes of an elephant, the neck of a bull, the horns of +a stag, the breast of a lion, the belly of a scorpion, the wings of an +eagle, the legs of a camel, the feet of an ostrich, and the tail of a +serpent. + +And now they are rushing upon a considerable tract of that beautiful +region of which we have spoken with such admiration. The swarm to which +Juba pointed grew and grew till it became a compact body, as much as a +furlong square; yet it was but the vanguard of a series of similar hosts, +formed one after another out of the hot mould or sand, rising into the air +like clouds, enlarging into a dusky canopy, and then discharged against +the fruitful plain. At length the huge innumerous mass was put into +motion, and began its career, darkening the face of day. As became an +instrument of divine power, it seemed to have no volition of its own; it +was set off, it drifted, with the wind, and thus made northwards, straight +for Sicca. Thus they advanced, host after host, for a time wafted on the +air, and gradually declining to the earth, while fresh broods were carried +over the first, and neared the earth, after a longer flight, in their +turn. For twelve miles did they extend from front to rear, and their +whizzing and hissing could be heard for six miles on every side of them. +The bright sun, though hidden by them, illumined their bodies, and was +reflected from their quivering wings; and as they heavily fell earthward, +they seemed like the innumerable flakes of a yellow-coloured snow. And +like snow did they descend, a living carpet, or rather pall, upon fields, +crops, gardens, copses, groves, orchards, vineyards, olive woods, +orangeries, palm plantations, and the deep forests, sparing nothing within +their reach, and where there was nothing to devour, lying helpless in +drifts, or crawling forward obstinately, as they best might, with the hope +of prey. They could spare their hundred thousand soldiers twice or thrice +over, and not miss them; their masses filled the bottoms of the ravines +and hollow ways, impeding the traveller as he rode forward on his journey, +and trampled by thousands under his horse-hoofs. In vain was all this +overthrow and waste by the road-side; in vain their loss in river, pool, +and watercourse. The poor peasants hastily dug pits and trenches as their +enemy came on; in vain they filled them from the wells or with lighted +stubble. Heavily and thickly did the locusts fall: they were lavish of +their lives; they choked the flame and the water, which destroyed them the +while, and the vast living hostile armament still moved on. + +They moved right on like soldiers in their ranks, stopping at nothing, and +straggling for nothing: they carried a broad furrow or wheal all across +the country, black and loathsome, while it was as green and smiling on +each side of them and in front, as it had been before they came. Before +them, in the language of prophets, was a paradise; and behind them a +desert. They are daunted by nothing; they surmount walls and hedges, and +enter enclosed gardens or inhabited houses. A rare and experimental +vineyard has been planted in a sheltered grove. The high winds of Africa +will not commonly allow the light trellis or the slim pole; but here the +lofty poplar of Campania has been possible, on which the vine plant mounts +so many yards into the air, that the poor grape-gatherers bargain for a +funeral pile and a tomb as one of the conditions of their engagement. The +locusts have done what the winds and lightning could not do, and the whole +promise of the vintage, leaves and all, is gone, and the slender stems are +left bare. There is another yard, less uncommon, but still tended with +more than common care; each plant is kept within due bounds by a circular +trench round it, and by upright canes on which it is to trail; in an hour +the solicitude and long toil of the vine-dresser are lost, and his pride +humbled. There is a smiling farm; another sort of vine, of remarkable +character, is found against the farm-house. This vine springs from one +root, and has clothed and matted with its many branches the four walls; +the whole of it is covered thick with long clusters, which another month +will ripen:--on every grape and leaf there is a locust. Into the dry caves +and pits, carefully strewed with straw, the harvest-men have (safely, as +they thought just now) been lodging the far-famed African wheat. One grain +or root shoots up into ten, twenty, fifty, eighty, nay, three or four +hundred stalks: sometimes the stalks have two ears apiece, and these again +shoot into a number of lesser ones. These stores are intended for the +Roman populace, but the locusts have been beforehand with them. The small +patches of ground belonging to the poor peasants up and down the country, +for raising the turnips, garlic, barley, watermelons, on which they live, +are the prey of these glutton invaders as much as the choicest vines and +olives. Nor have they any reverence for the villa of the civic decurion or +the Roman official. The neatly arranged kitchen-garden, with its cherries, +plums, peaches, and apricots, is a waste; as the slaves sit round, in the +kitchen in the first court, at their coarse evening meal, the room is +filled with the invading force, and news comes to them that the enemy has +fallen upon the apples and pears in the basement, and is at the same time +plundering and sacking the preserves of quince and pomegranate, and +revelling in the jars of precious oil of Cyprus and Mendes in the +store-rooms. + +They come up to the walls of Sicca, and are flung against them into the +ditch. Not a moment's hesitation or delay; they recover their footing, +they climb up the wood or stucco, they surmount the parapet, or they have +entered in at the windows, filling the apartments, and the most private +and luxurious chambers, not one or two, like stragglers at forage or +rioters after a victory, but in order of battle, and with the array of an +army. Choice plants or flowers about the _impluvia_ and _xysti_, for +ornament or refreshment, myrtles, oranges, pomegranates, the rose and the +carnation, have disappeared. They dim the bright marbles of the walls and +the gilding of the ceilings. They enter the triclinium in the midst of the +banquet; they crawl over the viands and spoil what they do not devour. +Unrelaxed by success and by enjoyment, onward they go; a secret mysterious +instinct keeps them together, as if they had a king over them. They move +along the floor in so strange an order that they seem to be a tesselated +pavement themselves, and to be the artificial embellishment of the place; +so true are their lines, and so perfect is the pattern they describe. +Onward they go, to the market, to the temple sacrifices, to the baker's +stores, to the cook-shops, to the confectioner's, to the druggists; +nothing comes amiss to them; wherever man has aught to eat or drink, there +are they, reckless of death, strong of appetite, certain of conquest. + +They have passed on; the men of Sicca sadly congratulate themselves, and +begin to look about them, and to sum up their losses. Being the +proprietors of the neighbouring districts, or the purchasers of its +produce, they lament over the devastation, not because the fair country is +disfigured, but because income is becoming scanty, and prices are becoming +high. How is a population of many thousands to be fed? where is the grain, +where the melons, the figs, the dates, the gourds, the beans, the grapes, +to sustain and solace the multitudes in their lanes, caverns, and garrets? +This is another weighty consideration for the class well-to-do in the +world. The taxes, too, and contributions, the capitation tax, the +percentage upon corn, the various articles of revenues due to Rome, how +are they to be paid? How are cattle to be provided for the sacrifices and +for the tables of the wealthy? One-half, at least, of the supply of Sicca +is cut off. No longer slaves are seen coming into the city from the +country in troops with their baskets on their shoulders, or beating +forward the horse, or mule, or ox, overladen with its burden, or driving +in the dangerous cow, or the unresisting sheep. The animation of the place +is gone; a gloom hangs over the Forum; and if its frequenters are still +merry there is something of sullenness and recklessness in their mirth. +The gods have given the city up; something or other has angered them. +Locusts, indeed, are no uncommon visitation, but at an earlier season. +Perhaps some temple has been polluted, or some unholy rite practised, or +some secret conspiracy has spread. + +Another and a still worse calamity. The invaders, as we have already +intimated, could be more terrible still in their overthrow than in their +ravages. The inhabitants of the country had attempted, where they could, +to destroy them by fire and water. It would seem as if the malignant +animals had resolved that the sufferers should have the benefit of this +policy to the full; for they had not got more than twenty miles beyond +Sicca when they suddenly sickened and died. Thus after they had done all +the mischief they could by their living, when they had made their foul +maws the grave of every living thing, then they died themselves, and made +the desolated land their own grave. They took from it its hundred forms +and varieties of beautiful life, and left it their own fetid and poisonous +carcases in payment. It was a sudden catastrophe; they seemed making for +the Mediterranean, as if, like other great conquerors, they had other +worlds to subdue beyond it; but whether they were overgorged, or struck by +some atmospheric change, or that their time was come and they paid the +debt of nature, so it was that suddenly they fell, and their glory came to +nought, and all was vanity to them as to others, and "their stench rose +up, and their corruption rose up, because they had done proudly." + +The hideous swarms lay dead in the moist steaming underwoods, in the green +swamps, in the sheltered valleys, in the ditches and furrows of the +fields, amid the monuments of their own prowess, the ruined crops and the +dishonoured vineyards. A poisonous element, issuing from their remains, +mingled with the atmosphere, and corrupted it. The dismayed peasant found +that a pestilence had begun; a new visitation, not confined to the +territory which the enemy had made its own, but extending far and wide, as +the atmosphere extends, in all directions. Their daily toil, no longer +claimed by the produce of the earth, which has ceased to exist, is now +devoted to the object of ridding themselves of the deadly legacy which +they have received in its stead. In vain; it is their last toil; they are +digging pits, they are raising piles, for their own corpses, as well as +for the bodies of their enemies. Invader and victim lie in the same grave, +burn in the same heap; they sicken while they work, and the pestilence +spreads. A new invasion is menacing Sicca, in the shape of companies of +peasants and slaves, (the panic having broken the bonds of discipline,) +with their employers and overseers, nay the farmers themselves and +proprietors, rushing thither from famine and infection as to a place of +safety. The inhabitants of the city are as frightened as they, and more +energetic. They determine to keep them at a distance; the gates are +closed; a strict _cordon_ is drawn; however, by the continued pressure, +numbers contrive to make an entrance, as water into a vessel, or light +through the closed shutters, and anyhow the air cannot be put into +quarantine; so the pestilence has the better of it, and at last appears in +the alleys, and in the cellars of Sicca. + + + + + + CHAPTER XVI. + + + WORSE AND WORSE. + + +"O wretched minds of men! O blind hearts!" truly cries out a great heathen +poet, but on grounds far other than the true ones. The true ground of such +a lamentation is, that men do not interpret the signs of the times and of +the world as He intends who has placed these signs in the heavens; that +when Mane, Thecel, Phares, is written upon the ethereal wall, they have no +inward faculty to read them withal; and that when they go elsewhere for +one learned in tongues, instead of taking Daniel, who is used to converse +with Angels, they rely on Magi or Chaldeans, who know only the languages +of earth. So it was with the miserable population of Sicca now; half +famished, seized with a pestilence which was sure to rage before it +assuaged, perplexed and oppressed by the recoil upon them of the +population whom they had from time to time sent out into the surrounding +territory, or from whom they had supplied their markets, they never +fancied that the real cause of the visitation which we have been +describing was their own iniquity in their Maker's sight, that His arm +inflicted it, and that its natural and direct interpretation was, "Do +penance, and be converted." On the contrary, they looked only at their own +vain idols, and at the vain rites which these idols demanded, and they +thought there was no surer escape from their misery than by upholding a +lie, and putting down all who revolted from it; and thus the visitation +which was sent to do them good turned through their wilful blindness to +their greater condemnation. + +The Forum, which at all times was the resort of idleness and dissipation, +now became more and more the haunt of famine and sickness, of robust +frames without work, of slavish natures virtually and for the time +emancipated and uncontrolled, of youth and passion houseless and +shelterless. In groups and companies, in and out of the porticoes, on the +steps of the temples, and about the booths and stalls of the market, a +multitude grows day by day, from the town and from the country, and of all +the various races which town and country contain. The civil magistracy and +the civil force to which the peace of the city was committed, were not +equal to such an emergency as the present; and the _milites stationarii_, +a sort of garrison who represented the Roman power, though they were ready +to act against either magistrates or mob impartially, had no tenderness +for either, when in collision with each other. Indeed the bonds of society +were broken, and every political element was at war with every other, in a +case of such great common calamity, when every one was angry with every +one else, for want of some clearly defined object against which the common +anger might be discharged with unanimity. + +They had almost given over sacrificing and consulting the flame or the +entrails; for no reversal or respite of their sufferings had followed +their most assiduous acts of deprecation. Moreover the omens were +generally considered by the priests to have been unpropitious or adverse. +A sheep had been discovered to have, instead of a liver, something very +like a gizzard; a sow had chewed and swallowed the flowers with which it +had been embellished for the sacrifice; and a calf, after receiving the +fatal blow, instead of lying down and dying, dashed into the temple, +dripping blood upon the pavement as it went, and at last fell and expired +just before the sacred _adytum_. In despair the people took to +fortune-telling and its attendant arts. Old crones were found in plenty +with their strange rites, the stranger the more welcome. Trenches were dug +in by-places for sacrifices to the infernal gods; amulets, rings, +counters, tablets, pebbles, nails, bones, feathers, Ephesian or Egyptian +legends, were in request, and raised the hopes, or beguiled and occupied +the thoughts, of those who else would have been directly dwelling on their +sufferings, present or in prospect. + +Others were occupied, whether they would or no, with diversions fiercer +and more earnest. There were continual altercations between farmers, small +proprietors of land, government and city officials,--altercations so +manifold and violent, that, even were there no hubbub of voices, and no +incoherence of wrath and fear to complicate them, we should despair of +setting them before the reader. An officer from the camp was expostulating +with one of the municipal authorities that no corn had been sent thither +for the last six or seven days, and the functionary attacked had thrown +the blame on the farmer, and he in turn had protested that he could not +get cattle to bring the waggons into Sicca; those which he had set out +with had died of exhaustion on the journey. A clerk, as we now speak, in +the _Officium_ of the society of publicans or collectors of _annona_ was +threatening a number of small tenants with ejection for not sending in +their rated portion of corn for the Roman people:--the _Officium_ of the +_Notarius_, or assistant prefect, had written up to Sicca from Carthage in +violent terms; and come it must, though the locusts had eaten up every +stack and granary. A number of half-starved peasants had been summoned for +payment of their taxes, and in spite of their ignorance of Latin, they had +been made to understand that death was the stern penalty of neglecting to +bring the coin. They, on the other hand, by their fierce doggedness of +manner, seemed to signify by way of answer that death was not a penalty, +unless life was a boon. + +The _villicus_ of one of the decurions, who had an estate in the +neighbourhood, was laying his miseries before the man of business of his +employer. "What are we to do?" he said. "Half the gang of slaves is dead, +and the other half is so feeble, that I can't get through the work of the +month. We ought to be sheep-shearing; you have no chance of wool. We ought +to be swarming the bees, pressing the honey, boiling and purifying the +wax. We ought to be plucking the white leaves of the camomile, and +steeping the golden flowers in oil. We ought to be gathering the wild +grapes, sifting off the flowers, and preserving the residue in honey. We +ought to be sowing brassicum, parsley, and coriander against next spring. +We ought to be cheese-making. We ought to be baking white and red bricks +and tiles in the sun; we have no hands for the purpose. The _villicus_ is +not to blame, but the anger of the gods." The country _employe_ of the +procurator of the imperial _Baphia_ protests that the insect cannot be +found from which the dye is extracted; and argues that the locusts must +have devoured them, or the plant on which they feed, or that they have +been carried off by the pestilence. Here is old Corbulus in agonies for +his febrifuge, and a slave of his is in high words with the +market-carrier, who tells him that Mago, who supplied it, is dead of a +worse fever than his master's. "The rogue," cried the slave, "my master +has contracted with him for the year, and has paid him the money in +advance." A jeering and mocking from the crowd assailed the unfortunate +domestic, who so truly foreboded that his return without the medicine +would be the signal for his summary committal to the _pistrinum_. "Let old +Corbulus follow Mago in his passage to perdition," said one of the rabble; +"let him take his physic with Pluto, and leave us the bread and wine on +which he's grown gouty." "Bread, bread!" was the response elicited by this +denunciation, and it spread into a circle larger than that of which the +slave and the carrier were part. + +"Wine and bread, Ceres and Liber!" cried a young legionary, who, after a +night of revelry, was emerging still half-intoxicated from one of the low +wine-shops in the vaults which formed the basement of the _Thermae_ or hot +baths; "make way there, you filthy slime of the earth, you half-kneaded, +half-fermented Africans, who never yet have quite been men, but have ever +smelt strong of the baboon, who are three quarters _must_, and two +vinegar, and a fifth water,--as I was saying, you are like bad liquor, and +the sight of you disagrees with the stomach and affects the eyes." + +The crowd looked sullenly, and without wincing, at his shield, which was +the only portion of his military accoutrements which he had preserved +after his carouse. The white surface, with a silver boss in the centre, +surrounded by first a white and then a red circle, and the purple border, +showed that he belonged to the Tertiani or third Italic Legion, which had +been stationed in Africa since the time of Augustus. "Vile double-tongued +mongrels," he continued, "what are you fit for but to gather the fruits of +the earth for your owners and lords, 'Romanos dominos rerum'? And if there +are now no fruits to reap, why your service is gone. Go home and die, and +drown yourselves, for what are you fit for now, except to take your dead +corpses away from the nostrils of a Roman, the cream of humankind? Ye +base-born apes, that's why you catch the pestilence, because our blood +mantles and foams in our ruddy veins like new milk in the wine cup, which +is too strong for this clime, and my blood is up, and I drink a full +measure of it to great Rome; for what does old Horace say, but 'Nunc est +bibendum'? and so get out of my way." + +To a good part of the multitude, both peasantry and town rabble, Latin was +unintelligible; but they all understood vocabulary and syntax and logic, +as soon as he drew his knuckles across one fellow's face who refused to +move from his path, and as soon as his insult was returned by the latter +with a thrust of the dagger. A rush was made upon him, on which he made a +face at them, shook his fist, and leaping on one side, ran with great +swiftness to an open space in advance. From his quarrelsome humour rather +than from fear, he raised a cry of alarm; on which two or three +fellow-soldiers made their appearance from similar dens of intoxication +and vice, and came up to the rescue. The mob assailed them with stones, +and the cream of human nature was likely to be roughly churned, when, +seeing matters were becoming serious, they suddenly took to their heels, +and got into the Temple of Esculapius on one side of the Forum. The mob +followed, the ministers of the sacred place attempted to shut the gates, a +scuffle ensued, and a riot was in progress. Self-preservation is the first +law of man; trembling for the safety of his noble buildings, and +considering that it was a bread riot, as it really was, the priest of the +god came forward, rebuked the mob for its impiety, and showed the +absurdity of supposing that there were loaves in his enclosure to satisfy +its wants; but he reminded them that there was a baker's shop at the other +end of the Forum, which was one of the most considerable in Sicca. + +A slight impulse determines the movements of an excited multitude. Off +they went to the quarter in question, where certainly there was the very +large and handsome store of a substantial dealer in grain of all sorts, +and in other produce. The shop, however, seemed on this occasion to be but +poorly furnished; for the baker was a prudent man, and feared a display of +provisions which would be an invitation to a hungry multitude. The +assailants, however, were not to be baffled; some one cried out that the +man had withdrawn his corn from the market for his own ends, and that +great stores were accumulated within. They avail themselves of the hint; +they pour in through the open front, the baker escapes as he may, his +mills and ovens are smashed, the house is ransacked; whatever is found is +seized, thrown about, wasted, eaten, as the case may be; and the mob gains +strength and appetite for fresh exploits. + +However, the rioters have no definite plan of action yet. Some of them +have penetrated into the stable behind the house in search of corn. They +find the mill-ass which ground for the baker, and bring it out. It is a +beast of more than ordinary pretensions, such as you would not often see +in a mill, showing both the wealth of the owner and the flourishing +condition of his trade. The asses of Africa are finer than those in the +north; but this is fine for an African. One fellow mounts upon it, and +sets off with the world before him, like a knight-errant, seeking an +adventure, the rabble at his tail acting as squire. He begins the circuit +of the Forum, and picks up its riff-raff as he goes along--here some rascal +boys, there some drunken women, here again a number of half-brutalized +country slaves and peasants. Partly out of curiosity, partly from +idleness, from ill temper, from hope of spoil, from a vague desire to be +doing something or other, every one who has nothing to lose by the +adventure crowds around and behind him. And on the contrary, as he +advances, and the noise and commotion increase, every one who has a +position of any sort, the confidential _vernae_ of great families, farmers, +shopkeepers, men of business, officials, vanish from the scene of action +without delay. + +"Africa, Africa!" is now the cry; the signal in that country, as an +ancient writer tells us, that the parties raising it have something new in +hand, and have a mind to do it. + +Suddenly, as they march on, a low and awful growl is heard. It comes from +the booth of a servant of the imperial court. He is employed as a +transporter of wild beasts from the interior to the coast, where they are +shipped for Rome; and he has charge at present of a noble lion, who is +sitting majestically, looking through the bars of his cage at the rabble, +who now begin to look at him. In demeanour and in mental endowments he has +the advantage of them. It was at this moment, while they were closing, +hustling each other, staring at the beast, and hoping to provoke him, that +a shrill voice cried out, "Christianos ad leones, Christianos ad leones!" +the Christians to the lions! A sudden and dead silence ensued, as if the +words had struck the breath out of the promiscuous throng. An interval +passed; and then the same voice was heard again, "Christianos ad leones!" +This time the whole Forum took it up from one end to the other. The fate +of the day, the direction of the movement, was decided; a distinct object +was obtained, and the only wonder was that the multitude had been so long +to seek and so slow to find so obvious a cause of their misfortunes, so +adequate a subject of their vengeance. "Christianos ad leones!" was +shouted out by town and country, priests and people. "Long live the +emperor! long live Decius! he told us this long ago. There's the edict; it +never has been obeyed. Death to the magistrates! To the Christians! to the +Christians! Up with great Jove, down with the atheists!" + +They were commencing their march when the ass caught their eye. "The +Christians' god!" they shouted out; "the god of the Christians!" Their +first impulse was to give the poor beast to the lion, their next to +sacrifice it, but they did not know to whom. Then they said they would +make the Christians worship it; and dressing it up in tawdry finery, they +retained it at the head of their procession. + + + + + + CHAPTER XVII. + + + CHRISTIANOS AD LEONES. + + +By the time that they had got round again to the unlucky baker's, the mob +had been swollen to a size which even the area of the Forum would not +contain, and it filled the adjacent streets. And by the same time it had +come home to its leaders, and, indeed, to every one who used his reason at +all, that it was very far from certain that there were any Christians in +Sicca, and if so, still very far from easy to say where they were. And the +difficulty was of so practical a character as to keep them inactive for +the space of several hours. Meanwhile their passions were excited to the +boiling point by the very presence of the difficulty, as men go mad of +thirst when water is denied them. At length, after a long season of such +violent commotion, such restless pain, such curses, shrieks, and +blasphemies, such bootless gesticulations, such aimless contests with each +other, that they seemed to be already inmates of the prison beneath, they +set off in a blind way to make the circuit of the city as before they had +paraded round the Forum, still in the knight-errant line, looking out for +what might turn up where they were sure of nothing, and relieving the +intense irritation of their passions by locomotion, if nothing more +substantial was offered to them. + +It was an awful day for the respectable inhabitants of the place; worse +than anything that even the most timid of them had anticipated, when they +had showed their jealousy of a popular movement against the proscribed +religion; for the stimulus of famine and pestilence was added to hatred of +Christianity, in that unreasoning multitude. The magistrates shut +themselves up in dismay; the small body of Roman soldiery reserved their +strength for the defence of themselves; and the poor wretches, not a few, +who had fallen from the faith, and offered sacrifice, hung out from their +doors sinful heathen symbols, to avert a storm against which apostasy was +no sufficient safeguard. In this conduct the Gnostics and other sectaries +imitated them, while the Tertullianists took a more manly part, from +principle or pride. + +It would require the brazen voice which Homer speaks of, or the magic pen +of Sir Walter, to catalogue and to picture, as far as it is lawful to do +either, the figures and groups of that most miserable procession. As it +went forward it gained a variety and strength, which the circuit of the +Forum could not furnish. The more respectable religious establishments +shut their gates, and would have nothing to do with it. The priests of +Jupiter, the educational establishments of the Temple of Mercury, the +Temple of the Genius of Rome near the Capitol, the hierophants of Isis, +the Minerva, the Juno, the Esculapius, viewed the popular rising with +terror and disgust; but these were not the popular worships. The vast +homestead of Astarte, which in the number and vowed profligacy of its +inhabitants rivalled the vaults upon the Forum; the old rites, many and +diversified, if separately obscure, which came from Punic times; the new +importations from Syria and Phrygia, and a number of other haunts and +schools of depravity and crime, did their part in swelling or giving +character to the concourse. The hungry and idle rabble, the filthy beggars +who fed on the offal of the sacrifices, the drivers and slaughterers of +the beasts sacrificed; the tumblers and mountebanks who amused the gaping +market-people; dancers, singers, pipers from low taverns and +drinking-houses; infamous creatures, young and old, men and boys, half +naked and not half sober; brutal blacks, the aboriginal race of the Atlas, +with their appetites written on their skulls and features; Canaanites, as +they called themselves, from the coast; the wild beast-keepers from the +amphitheatre; troops of labourers from the fields, to whom the epidemic +was a time of Saturnalia; and the degraded company, alas! how numerous and +how pitiable, who took their nightly stand in long succession at the doors +of their several cells in the deep galleries under the Thermae; all these, +and many others, had their part and place in the procession. There you +might see the devilish emblems of idolatry borne aloft by wretches from +the great Punic Temple, while frantic forms, ragged and famished, wasted +and shameless, leapt and pranced around them. There too was a choir of +Bacchanals, ready at a moment with songs as noisy as they were +unutterable. And there was the priest of the Punic Saturn, the +child-devourer, a sort of Moloch, to whom the martyrdom of Christians was +a sacred rite; he and all his attendants in fiery-coloured garments, as +became a sanguinary religion. And there, moreover, was a band of fanatics, +devotees of Cybele or of the Syrian goddess, if indeed the two rites were +distinct. They were bedizened with ribbons and rags of various colours, +and smeared over with paint. They had long hair like women, and turbans on +their heads. They pushed their way to the head of the procession, being +quite worthy of the post of honour, and, seizing the baker's ass, put +their goddess on the back of it. Some of them were playing the fife, +others clashing cymbals, others danced, others yelled, others rolled their +heads, and others flogged themselves. Such was the character of the +frenzied host, which progressed slowly through the streets, while every +now and then, when there was an interval in the hubbub, the words +"Christianos ad leones" were thundered out by some ruffian voice, and a +thousand others fiercely responded. + +Still no Christian was forthcoming; and it was plain that the rage of the +multitude must be discharged in other quarters, if the difficulty +continued in satisfying it. At length some one recollected the site of the +Christian chapel, when it existed; thither went the multitude, and +effected an entrance without delay. It had long been turned to other +purposes, and was now a store of casks and leather bottles. The miserable +sacristan had long given up any practical observance of his faith, and +remained on the spot a keeper of the premises for the trader who owned +them. They found him, and dragged him into the street, and brought him +forward to the ass, and to the idol on its back, and bade him worship the +one and the other. The poor wretch obeyed; he worshipped the ass, he +worshipped the idol, and he worshipped the genius of the emperor; but his +persecutors wanted blood; they would not submit to be cheated of their +draught; so when they had made him do whatever they exacted, they flung +him under the feet of the multitude, who, as they passed on, soon trod all +life and breath out of him, and sent him to the powers below, to whom he +had just before been making his profession. + +Their next adventure was with a Tertullianist, who stationed himself at +his shop-door, displayed the sign of the cross, and walking leisurely +forward, seized the idol on the ass's back, broke it over his knee, and +flung the portions into the crowd. For a few minutes they stared on him +with astonishment, then some women fell upon him with their nails and +teeth, and tore the poor fanatic till he fell bleeding and lifeless upon +the ground. + +In the higher and better part of the city, which they now approached, +lived the widow of a Duumvir, who in his day had made a bold profession of +Christianity. The well connected lady was a Christian also, and was +sheltered by her great friends from the persecution. She was bringing up a +family in great privacy, and with straitened means, and with as much +religious strictness as was possible under the circumstances of the place. +She kept them from all bad sights and bad company, was careful as to the +character of the slaves she placed about them, and taught them all she +knew of her religion, which was quite sufficient for their salvation. They +had all been baptized, some by herself in default of the proper minister, +and, as far as they could show at their tender ages, which lay between +thirteen and seven, the three girls and the two boys were advancing in the +love of truth and sanctity. Her husband, some years back, when presiding +in the Forum, had punished with just severity an act of ungrateful fraud; +and the perpetrator had always cherished a malignant hatred of him and +his. The moment of gratifying it had now arrived, and he pointed out to +the infuriated rabble the secluded mansion where the Christian household +dwelt. He could not offer to them a more acceptable service, and the +lady's modest apartment was soon swarming with enemies of her God and His +followers. In spite of her heartrending cries and supplications, her +children were seized, and when the youngest boy clung to her, the mother +was thrown senseless upon the pavement. The whole five were carried off in +triumph; it was the greatest success of the day. There was some hesitation +how to dispose of them; at last the girls were handed over to the +priestesses of Astarte, and the boys to the loathsome votaries of Cybele. + +Revenge upon Christians was the motive principle of the riot; but the +prospect of plunder stimulated numbers, and here Christians could not +minister to their desires. They began the day by the attack upon the +provision-shop, and now they had reached the aristocratic quarter of the +city, and they gazed with envy and cupidity at the noble mansions which +occupied it. They began to shout out, "Bread, bread!" while they uttered +threats against the Christians; they violently beat at the closed gates, +and looked about for means of scaling the high walls which defended them +in front. The cravings of famished men soon take form and organization; +they began to ask relief from house to house. Nothing came amiss; and +loaves, figs, grapes, wine, found their way into the hands and mouths of +those who were the least exhausted and the least enfeebled. A second line +of fierce supplicants succeeded to the first; and it was plain that, +unless some diversion were effected, the respectable quarter of Sicca had +found a worse enemy than the locust. + +The houses of the government _susceptor_, or tax collector, of the +_tabularius_ or registrar, of the _defensor_ or city counsel, and one or +two others, had already been the scene of collisions between the domestic +slaves and the multitude, when a demand was made upon the household of +another of the Curia, who held the office of Flamen Dialis. He was a +wealthy, easy-going man, generally popular, with no appetite for +persecution at all, but still no desire to be persecuted. He had more than +tolerated the Christians, and had at this time a Christian among his +slaves. This was a Greek, a splendid cook and perfumer, and he would not +have lost him for a large sum of money. However, life and limb were nearer +to him even than his dinner, and a Jonah must be cast overboard to save +the ship. In trepidation, yet with greater satisfaction, his +fellow-domestics thrust the poor helpless man out of the house, and +secured the door behind him. He was a man of middle age, of a grave +aspect, and he looked silently and calmly upon the infuriated and yelling +multitude, who were swarming up the hill about him, and swelling the +number of his persecutors. What had been his prospects, had he remained in +his earthly master's service? his fill of meat and drink while he was +strong and skilful, the stocks or scourge if he ever failed to please him, +and the old age and death of the worn-out hack who once has caracoled in +the procession, or snorted at the coming fight. What are his prospects +now? a moment's agony, a martyr's death, and the everlasting beatific +vision of Him for whom he died. The multitude cry out, "To the ass or to +the lion!" worship the ass, or fight the lion. He was dragged to the ass's +head and commanded to kneel down before the irrational beast. In the +course of a minute he had lifted up his eyes to heaven, had signed himself +with the cross, had confessed his Saviour, and had been torn to pieces by +the multitude. They anticipated the lion of the amphitheatre. + +A lull followed, sure to be succeeded by a fresh storm. Not every +household had a Christian cook to make a victim of. Plunder, riot, and +outrage were becoming the order of the day; successive messengers were +sent up in breathless haste to the capitol and the camp for aid, but the +Romans returned for answer that they had enough to do in defending the +government buildings and offices. They suggested measures, however, for +putting the mob on a false scent, or involving them in some difficult or +tedious enterprise, which would give the authorities time for +deliberation, and for taking the rioters at disadvantage. If the +magistrates could get them out of the city, it would be a great point; +they could then shut the gates upon them, and deal with them as they +would. In that case, too, the insurgents would straggle, and divide, and +then they might be disposed of in detail. They were showing symptoms of +returning fury, when a voice suddenly cried out, "Agellius the Christian! +Agellius the sorcerer! Agellius to the lions! To the farm of Varius--to the +cottage of Agellius--to the south-west gate!" A sudden yell burst forth +from the vast multitude when the voice ceased. The impulse had been given +as at the first; the tide of human beings ebbed and retreated, and, +licking the base of the hill, rushed vehemently on one side, and roared +like a torrent towards the south-west. Juba, thy prophecy is soon to be +fulfilled! The locusts will bring more harm on thy brother's home than +imperial edict or local magistrate. The decline of day will hardly prevent +the visitation. + + + + + + CHAPTER XVIII. + + + AGELLIUS FLITS. + + +A change had passed over the fair face of Nature, as seen from the cottage +of Agellius, since that evening on which our story opened; and it is so +painful to contemplate waste, decay, and disappointment, that we mean to +say little about it. There was the same cloudless sky as then; and the sun +travelled in its silent and certain course, with even a more intense +desire than then to ripen grain and fruit for the use of man; but its +occupation was gone, for fruit and grain were not, nor man to collect and +to enjoy them. A dark broad shadow passed across the beautiful prospect +and disfigured it. When you looked more closely, it was as if a fire had +burned up the whole surface included under that shadow, and had stripped +the earth of its clothing. Nothing had escaped; not a head of khennah, not +a rose or carnation, not an orange or an orange blossom, not a _boccone_, +not a cluster of unripe grapes, not a berry of the olive, not a blade of +grass. Gardens, meadows, vineyards, orchards, copses, instead of rejoicing +in the rich variety of hue which lately was their characteristic, were now +reduced to one dreary cinder-colour. The smoke of fires was actually +rising from many points, where the spoilt and poisonous vegetation was +burning in heaps, or the countless corpses of the invading foe, or of the +cattle, or of the human beings whom the pestilence had carried off. The +most furious inroad of savage hordes, of Vandals, or of Saracens, who were +destined at successive eras to come and waste that country, could not have +spread such thorough desolation. The slaves of the farm of Varius were +sorrowfully turning to a new employment, that of clearing away the wreck +and disappointment of the bright spring from flower-bed, vineyard, and +field. + +It was on the forenoon of the eventful day whose course we have been +tracing in the preceding Chapters, that a sharp-looking boy presented +himself to Agellius, who was directing his labourers in their work. "I am +come from Jucundus," he said; "he has instant need of you. You are to go +with me, and by my way; and this is the proof I tell you truth. He sends +you this note, and wishes you in a bad time the best gifts of Bacchus and +Ceres." + +Agellius took the tablets, and went with them across the road to the place +where Caecilius was at work, in appearance a slave. The letter ran +thus:--"Jucundus to Agellius. I trust you are well enough to move; you are +not safe for many days in your cottage; there is a rising this morning +against the Christians, and you may be visited. Unless you are ambitious +of Styx and Tartarus, follow the boy without questioning." Agellius showed +the letter to the priest. + +"We are no longer safe here, my father," he said; "whither shall we go? +Let us go together. Can you take me to Carthage?" + +"Carthage is quite as dangerous," answered Caecilius, "and Sicca is more +central. We can but leap into the sea at Carthage; here there are many +lines to retreat upon. I am known there, I am not known here. Here, too, I +hear all that goes on through the proconsulate and Numidia." + +"But what can we do?" asked Agellius; "here we cannot remain, and you at +least cannot venture into the city. Somewhither we must go, and where is +that?" + +The priest thought. "We must separate," he said. The tears came into +Agellius's eyes. + +"Though I am a stranger," continued Caecilius, "I know more of the +neighbourhood of Sicca than you who are a native. There is a famous +Christian retreat on the north of the city, and by this time, I doubt not, +or rather I know, it is full of refugees. The fury of the enemy is +extending on all hands, and our brethren, from as far as Cirtha round to +Curubis, are falling back upon it. The only difficulty is how to get round +to it without going through Sicca." + +"Let us go together," said Agellius. + +Caecilius showed signs of perplexity, and his mind retired into itself. He +seemed for the moment to be simply absent from the scene about him, but +soon his intelligence returned. "No," he said, "we must separate,--for the +time; it will not be for long. That is, I suppose, your uncle will take +good care of you, and he has influence. We are safest just now when most +independent of each other. It is only for a while. We shall meet again +soon; I tell you so. Did we keep together just now, it would be the worse +for each of us. You go with the boy; I will go off to the place I +mentioned." + +"O my father," said the youth, "how will you get there? What shall I +suffer from my fears about you?" + +"Fear not," answered Caecilius, "mind, I tell you so. It will be a trying +time, but my hour is not yet come. I am good for years yet; so are you, +for many more than mine. He will protect and rescue me, though I know not +how. Go, leave me to myself, Agellius!" + +"O my father, my only stay upon earth, whom God sent me in my extreme +need, to whom I owe myself, must I then quit you; must a layman desert a +priest; the young the old?... Ah! it is I really, not you, who am without +protection. Angels surround you, father; but I am a poor wanderer. Give me +your blessing that evil may not touch me. I go." + +"Do not kneel," said the priest; "they will see you. Stop, I have got to +tell you how and where to find me." He then proceeded to give him the +necessary instructions. "Walk out," he said, "along the road to +Thibursicumbur to the third milestone, you will come to a country road; +pursue it; walk a thousand steps; then again for the space of seven +_paternosters_; and then speak to the man upon your right hand. And now +away with you, God speed you, we shall not long be parted," and he made +the sign of the cross over him. + +"That old chap gives himself airs," said the boy, when Agellius joined +him; "what may he be? one of your slaves, Agellius?" + +"You're a pert boy," answered he, "for asking me the question." + +"They say the Christians brought the locusts," said Firmian, "by their +enchantments; and there's a jolly row beginning in the Forum just now. The +report goes that you are a Christian." + +"That's because your people have nothing better to do than talk against +their neighbours." + +"Because you are so soft, rather," said the boy. "Another man would have +knocked me down for saying it; but you are lackadaisical folk, who bear +insults tamely. Arnobius says your father was a Christian." + +"Father and son are not always the same religion now-a-days," said +Agellius. + +"Ay, ay," answered Firmian, "but the Christians came from Egypt: and as +cook there is the son of cook, and soldier is son of soldier, so +Christian, take my word for it, is the son of a Christian." + +"Christians boast, I believe," answered Agellius, "that they are of no one +race or country, but are members of a large unpatriotic family, whose home +is in the sky." + +"Christians," answered the boy, "would never have framed the great Roman +empire; that was the work of heroes. Great Caesar, Marius, Marcus Brutus, +Camillus, Cicero, Sylla, Lucullus, Scipio, could never have been +Christians. Arnobius says they are a skulking set of fellows." + +"I suppose you wish to be a hero," said Agellius. + +"I am to be a pleader," answered Firmian; "I should like to be a great +orator like Cicero, and every one listening to me." + +They were walking along the top of a mud wall, which separated Varius's +farm from his neighbour's, when suddenly Firmian, who led the way, leapt +down into a copse, which reached as far as the ravine in which the knoll +terminated towards Sicca. The boy still went forward by devious paths, +till they had mounted as high as the city wall. + +"You are bringing me where there is no entrance," said Agellius. + +The boy laughed. "Jucundus told me to bring you by a blind way," he said. +"You know best why. This is one of our ways in and out." + +There was an aperture in the wall, and the bricks and stones about it were +loose, and admitted of removal. It was such a private way of passage as +schoolboys know of. On getting through, Agellius found himself in a +neglected garden or small close. Everything was silent about them, as if +the inhabitants were away; there was a great noise in the distance, as if +something unusual were going on in the heart of the town. The boy told him +to follow him as fast as he could without exciting remark; and, leading +him by lanes and alleys unknown to Agellius, at last brought him close +upon the scene of riot. At this time the expedition in search of +Christians had just commenced; to cross the Forum was to shorten his +journey, and perhaps was safer than to risk meeting the mob in the +streets. Firmian took the step; and while their attention was directed +elsewhere, brought Agellius safely through it. They then proceeded +cautiously as before, till they stood before the back door of the house of +Jucundus. + +"Say a good word for me to your uncle," said the boy, "I have done my job. +He must remember me handsomely at the Augustalia," and he ran away. + + + +Meanwhile Caecilius had been anxiously considering the course which it was +safest for him to pursue. He must move, but he must wait till dusk, when +the ways were clear, and the light uncertain. Till then he must keep close +in-doors. There was a remarkable cavern in the mountains above Sicca, +which had been used as a place of refuge for Christians from the very time +they had first suffered persecution in Roman Africa. No spot in its whole +territory seemed more fit for what is called a base of operations, from +which the soldiers of the Cross might advance, or to which they might +retire, according as the fury of their enemy grew or diminished. While it +was in the midst of a wilderness difficult of access, and feared as the +resort of ghosts and evil influences, it was not far from a city near to +which the high roads met from Hippo and from Carthage. A branch of the +Bagradas, navigable for boats, opened a way from it through the woods, +where flight and concealment were easy on a surprise, as far as Madaura, +Vacca, and other places; at the same time it commanded the vast plain on +the south which extended to the roots of the Atlas. Just now, the +persecution growing, many deacons, other ecclesiastics, and prominent +laymen from all parts of the country had fallen back upon this cavern or +grotto; and in no place could Caecilius have better means than here of +learning the general state of affairs, and of communicating with countries +beyond the seas. He was indeed on his way thither, when the illness of +Agellius made it a duty for him to stop and restore him, and attend to his +spiritual needs; and he had received an inward intimation, on which he +implicitly relied, to do so. + +The problem at this moment was how to reach the refuge in question. His +direct road lay through Sicca; this being impracticable at present, he had +to descend into the ravine which lay between him and the city, and, +turning to the left, to traverse the broad plain, the Campus Martius of +Sicca, into which it opened. Here the mountain would rise abruptly on his +right with those steep cliffs which we have already described as rounding +the north side of Sicca. He must traverse many miles before he could reach +the point at which the rock lost its precipitous character, and changed +into a declivity allowing the traveller to ascend. It was a bold +undertaking; for all this he had to accomplish in the dark before the +morning broke, a stranger too to the locality, and directing his movements +only by the information of others, which, however accurate and distinct, +could scarcely be followed, even if without risk of error, at least +without misgiving. However, could he master this point before the morning +he was comparatively safe; he then had to strike into the solitary +mountains, and to retrace his steps for a while towards Sicca along the +road, till he came to a place where he knew that Christian scouts or +_videttes_ (as they may be called) were always stationed. + +This being his plan, and there being no way of mending it, our confessor +retired into the cottage, and devoted the intervening hours to intercourse +with that world from which his succour must come. He set himself to +intercede for the Holy Catholic Church throughout the world, now for the +most part under persecution, and for the Roman Empire, not yet holy, which +was the instrument of the evil powers against her. He had to pray for the +proconsulate, for Numidia, Mauretania, and the whole of Africa; for the +Christian communities throughout it, for the cessation of the trial then +present, and for the fortitude and perseverance of all who were tried. He +had to pray for his own personal friends, his penitents, converts, +enemies; for children, catechumens, neophytes; for those who were +approaching the Church, for those who had fallen away, or were falling +away from her; for all heretics, for all troublers of unity, that they +might be reclaimed. He had to confess, bewail and deprecate the many sins +and offences which he knew of, foreboded, or saw in prospect as to come. +Scarcely had he entered on his charge at Carthage four years before, when +he had had to denounce one portentous scandal in which a sacred order of +the ministry was implicated. What internal laxity did not that scandal +imply! And then again what a low standard of religion, what niggardly +faith, and what worn-out, used-up sanctity in the community at large, was +revealed in the fact of those frequent apostasies of individuals which +then were occurring! He prayed fervently that both from the bright pattern +of martyrs, and from the warning afforded by the lapsed, the Christian +body might be edified and invigorated. He saw with great anxiety two +schisms in prospect, when the persecution should come to an end, one from +the perverseness of those who were too rigid, the other from those who +were too indulgent towards the fallen; and in proportion to his gift of +prescience was the earnestness of his intercession that the wounds of the +Church might be healed with the least possible delay. He then turned to +the thought of his own correspondence then in progress with the Holy Roman +Church, which had lately lost its bishop by martyrdom. This indeed was no +unusual event with the see of Peter, in which the successors of Peter +followed Peter's steps, as Peter had been bidden to follow the King and +Exemplar of Martyrs. But the special trouble was, that months had passed, +full five, since the vacancy occurred, and it had not yet been supplied. +Then he thought of Fabian, who made the vacancy, and who had already +passed through that trial which was to bring to so many Christians life or +condemnation, and he commended himself to his prayers against the hour of +his own combat. He thought of Fabian's work, and went on to intercede for +the remnant of the seven apostles whom that Pope had sent into Gaul, and +some of whom had already obtained the martyr's crown. He prayed that the +day might come, when not the cities only of that fair country, but its +rich champaigns and sunny slopes should hear the voice of the missionary. +He prayed in like manner for Britain, that the successful work of another +Pope, St. Eleutherius, might be extended even to its four seas. And then +he prayed for the neighbouring island on the west, still in heathen +darkness, and for the endless expanse of Germany on the east, that there +too the one saving name and glorious Faith might be known and accepted. + +His thoughts then travelled back to Rome and Italy, and to the martyrdoms +which had followed that of St. Fabian. Two Persians had already suffered +in the imperial city; Maximus had lost his life, and Felix had been +imprisoned, at Nola. Asia Minor, Syria, and Egypt had already afforded +victims to the persecution, and cried aloud to all Christians for their +most earnest prayers and for repeated Masses in behalf of those who +remained under the trial. Babylas, Bishop of Antioch, the third see in +Christendom, was already martyred in that city. Here again Caecilius had a +strong call on him for intercession, for a subtle form of freethinking was +there manifesting itself, the issue of which was as uncertain as it might +be frightful. The Bishop of Alexandria, that second of the large divisions +or patriarchates of the Church, the great Dionysius, the pupil of Origen, +was an exile from his see, like himself. The messenger who brought this +news to Carthage had heard at Alexandria a report from Neocaesarea, that +Gregory, another pupil of Origen's, the Apostle of Pontus, had also been +obliged to conceal himself from the persecution. As for Origen himself, +the aged, laborious, gifted, zealous teacher of his time, he was just then +engaged in answering the works of an Epicurean called Celsus, and on him +too the persecution was likely to fall; and Caecilius prayed earnestly that +so great a soul might be kept from such high untrue speculations as were +threatening evil at Antioch, and from every deceit and snare which might +endanger his inheriting that bright crown which ought to be his portion in +heaven. Another remarkable report had come, viz., that some young men of +Egypt had retired to the deserts up the country under the stress of the +persecution,--Paul was the name of one of them,--and that they were there +living in the practice of mortification and prayer so singular, and had +combats with the powers of darkness and visitations from above so special, +as to open quite a new era in the spiritual history of the Church. + +And then his thoughts came back to his poor Agellius, and all those +hundred private matters of anxiety which the foes of the Church, occupied +only with her external aspect, little suspected. For Agellius, he prayed, +and for his; for the strange wayward Juba, for Jucundus, for Callista; ah! +that Callista might be brought on to that glorious consummation, for which +she seemed marked out! But the ways of the Most High are not as our ways, +and those who to us seem nearest are often furthest from Him; and so our +holy priest left the whole matter in the hands of Him to whom he prayed, +satisfied that he had done his part in praying. + +This was the course of thought which occupied him for many hours, after +(as we have said) he had closed the door upon him, and knelt down before +the cross. Not merely before the symbol of redemption did he kneel; for he +opened his tunic at the neck, and drew thence a small golden pyx which was +there suspended. In that carefully fastened case he possessed the Holiest, +his Lord and his God. That Everlasting Presence was his stay and guide +amid his weary wanderings, his joy and consolation amid his overpowering +anxieties. Behold the secret of his sweet serenity, and his clear +unclouded determination. He had placed it upon the small table at which he +knelt, and was soon absorbed in meditation and intercession. + + + + + + CHAPTER XIX. + + + A PASSAGE OF ARMS. + + +How many hours passed while Caecilius was thus employed, he did not know. +The sun was declining when he was roused by a noise at the door. He +hastily restored the sacred treasure to its hiding-place in his breast, +and rose up from his knees. The door was thrown back, and a female form +presented itself at the opening. She looked in at the priest, and said, +"Then Agellius is not here?" + +The woman was young, tall, and graceful in person. She was clad in a +yellow cotton tunic, reaching to her feet, on which were shoes. The clasps +at her shoulders, partly visible under the short cloak or shawl which was +thrown over them, and which might, if necessary, be drawn over her head, +seemed to serve the purpose, not only of fastening her dress, but of +providing her with sharp prongs or minute stilettos for her defence, in +case she fell in with ruffians by the way; and though the expression of +her face was most feminine, there was that about it which implied she +could use them for that purpose on an emergency. That face was clear in +complexion, regular in outline, and at the present time pale, whatever +might be its ordinary tint. Its charm was a noble and majestic calm. There +is the calm of divine peace and joy; there is the calm of heartlessness; +there is the calm of reckless desperation; there is the calm of death. +None of these was the calm which breathed from the features of the +stranger who intruded upon the solitude of Caecilius. It was the calm of +Greek sculpture; it imaged a soul nourished upon the visions of genius, +and subdued and attuned by the power of a strong will. There was no +appearance of timidity in her manner; very little of modesty. The evening +sun gleamed across her amber robe, and lit it up till it glowed like fire, +as if she were invested in the marriage _flammeum_, and was to be claimed +that evening as the bride of her own bright god of day. + +She looked at Caecilius, first with surprise, then with anxiety; and her +words were, "You, I fear, are of his people. If so, make the most of these +hours. The foe may be on you to-morrow morning. Fly while you can." + +"If I am a Christian," answered Caecilius, "what are you who are so careful +of us? Have you come all the way from Sicca to give the alarm to mere +atheists and magic-mongers?" + +"Stranger," she said, "if you had seen what I have seen, what I have heard +of to-day, you would not wonder at my wish to save from a like fate the +vilest being on earth. A hideous mob is rioting in the city, thirsting for +the blood of Christians; an accident may turn it in the direction of +Agellius. He is gone; where is he? Murderous outrages have already been +perpetrated; you remain." + +"She who is so tender of Christians," answered the priest, "must herself +have some sparks of the Christian flame in her own breast." + +Callista sat down half unconsciously upon the bench or stool near the +door; but she at once suddenly started up again, and said, "Away, fly! +perhaps they are coming; where is he?" + +"Fear not," said Caecilius; "Agellius has been conveyed away to a safe +hiding-place; for me, I shall be taken care of; there is no need for +hurry; sit down again. But you," he continued, "you must not be found +here." + +"They know _me_," she said; "I am well known here. I work for the temples. +I have nothing to fear. I am no Christian;" and, as if from an +inexplicable overruling influence, she sat down again. + +"Not a Christian yet, you mean," answered Caecilius. + +"A person must be born a Christian, sir," she replied, "in order to take +up the religion. It is a very beautiful idea, as far as I have heard +anything about it; but one must suck it in with one's mother's milk." + +"If so, it never could have come into the world," said the priest. + +She paused for a while. "It is true," she answered at length; "but a new +religion begins by appealing to what is peculiar in the minds of a few. +The doctrine, floating on the winds, finds its own; it takes possession of +their minds; they answer its call; they are brought together by that +common influence; they are strong in each other's sympathy; they create +and throw around them an external form, and thus they found a religion. +The sons are brought up in their fathers' faith; and what was the idea of +a few becomes at length the profession of a race. Such is Judaism; such +the religion of Zoroaster, or of the Egyptians." + +"You will find," said the priest, "that the greater number of African +Christians at this moment, for of them I speak confidently, are converts +in manhood, not the sons of Christians. On the other hand, if there be +those who have left the faith, and gone up to the capitol to sacrifice, +these were Christians by hereditary profession. Such is my experience, and +I think the case is the same elsewhere." + +She seemed to be speaking more for the sake of getting answers than of +objecting arguments. She paused again, and thought; then she said, +"Mankind is made up of classes of very various mental complexion, as +distinct from each other as the colours which meet the eye. Red and blue +are incommensurable; and in like manner, a Magian never can become a +Greek, nor a Greek a Coelicolist. They do but make themselves fools when +they attempt it." + +"Perhaps the most deeply convinced, the most tranquil-minded in the +Christian body," answered Caecilius, "will tell you, on the contrary, that +there was a time when they hated Christianity, and despised and +ill-treated its professors." + +"_I_ never did any such thing," cried Callista, "since the day I first +heard of it. I am not its enemy, but I cannot believe in it. I am sure I +never could; I never, never should be able." + +"What is it you cannot believe?" asked the priest. + +"It seems too beautiful," she said, "to be anything else than a dream. It +is a thing to talk about, but when you come near its professors you see it +is impossible. A most beautiful imagination, _that_ is what it is. Most +beautiful its precepts, as far as I have heard of them; so beautiful, that +in idea there is no difficulty. The mind runs along with them, as if it +could accomplish them without an effort. Well, its maxims are too +beautiful to be realized; and then on the other hand, its dogmas are too +dismal, too shocking, too odious to be believed. They revolt me." + +"Such as what?" asked Caecilius. + +"Such as this," answered Callista. "Nothing will ever make me believe that +all my people have gone and will go to an eternal Tartarus." + +"Had we not better confine ourselves to something more specific, more +tangible?" asked Caecilius, gravely. "I suppose if one individual may have +that terrible lot, another may--both may, many may. Suppose I understand +you to say that you never will believe that _you_ will go to an eternal +Tartarus." + +Callista gave a slight start, and showed some uneasiness or displeasure. + +"Is it not likely," continued he, "that you are better able to speak of +yourself, and to form a judgment about yourself, than about others? +Perhaps if you could first speak confidently about yourself, you would be +in a better position to speak about others also." + +"Do you mean," she said, in a calm tone, "that my place, after this life, +is an everlasting Tartarus?" + +"Are you happy?" he asked in turn. + +She paused, looked down, and in a deep clear voice said, "No." There was a +silence. + +The priest began again: "Perhaps you have been growing in unhappiness for +years; is it so? you assent. You have a heavy burden at your heart, you +don't well know what. And the chance is, that you _will_ grow in +unhappiness for the next ten years to come. You will be more and more +unhappy the longer you live. Did you live till you were an old woman, you +would not know how to bear your existence." + +Callista cried out as if in bodily pain, "It is true, sir, whoever told +you. But how can you have the heart to say it, to insult and mock me!" + +"God forbid!" exclaimed Caecilius, "but let me go on. Listen, my child. Be +brave, and dare to look at things as they are. Every day adds to your +burden. This is a law of your present being, somewhat more certain than +the assertion which you just now so confidently made, the impossibility of +your believing in that law. You cannot refuse to accept what is not an +opinion, but a fact. I say this burden which I speak of is not simply a +dogma of our creed, it is an undeniable fact of nature. You cannot change +it by wishing; if you were to live on earth two hundred years, it would +not be reversed, it would be more and more true. At the end of two hundred +years you would be too miserable even for your worst enemy to rejoice in +it." + +Caecilius spoke, as if half in soliloquy or meditation, though he was +looking towards Callista. The contrast between them was singular: he thus +abstracted; she too, utterly forgetful of self, but absorbed in him, and +showing it by her eager eyes, her hushed breath, her anxious attitude. At +last she said impatiently, "Father, you are speaking to yourself; you +despise me." + +The priest looked straight at her with an open, untroubled smile, and +said, "Callista, do not doubt me, my poor child; you are in my heart. I +was praying for you shortly before you appeared. No; but, in so serious a +matter as attempting to save a soul, I like to speak to you in my Lord's +sight. I am speaking to you, indeed I am, my child; but I am also pleading +with you on His behalf, and before His throne." + +His voice trembled as he spoke, but he soon recovered himself. "Suffer +me," he said. "I was saying that if you lived five hundred years on earth, +you would but have a heavier load on you as time went on. But you will not +live, you will die. Perhaps you will tell me that you will then cease to +be. I don't believe you think so. I may take for granted that you think +with me, and with the multitude of men, that you will still live, that you +will still be _you_. You will still be the same being, but deprived of +those outward stays and reliefs and solaces, which, such as they are, you +now enjoy. You will be yourself, shut up in yourself. I have heard that +people go mad at length when placed in solitary confinement. If, then, on +passing hence, you are cut off from what you had here, and have only the +company of yourself, I think your burden will be, so far, greater, not +less than it is now. + +"Suppose, for instance, you had still your love of conversing, and could +not converse; your love of the poets of your race, and no means of +recalling them; your love of music, and no instrument to play upon; your +love of knowledge, and nothing to learn; your desire of sympathy, and no +one to love: would not that be still greater misery? + +"Let me proceed a step further: supposing you were among those whom you +actually did _not_ love; supposing you did _not_ like them, nor their +occupations, and could not understand their aims; suppose there be, as +Christians say, one Almighty God, and you did not like Him, and had no +taste for thinking of Him, and no interest in what He was and what He did; +and supposing you found that there was nothing else anywhere but He, whom +you did not love and whom you wished away: would you not be still more +wretched? + +"And if this went on for ever, would you not be in great inexpressible +pain for ever? + +"Assuming then, first, that the soul always needs external objects to rest +upon; next, that it has no prospect of any such when it leaves this +visible scene; and thirdly, that the hunger and thirst, the gnawing of the +heart, where it occurs, is as keen and piercing as a flame; it will follow +there is nothing irrational in the notion of an eternal Tartarus." + +"I cannot answer you, sir," said Callista, "but I do not believe the dogma +on that account a whit the more. My mind revolts from the notion. There +_must_ be some way out of it." + +"If, on the other hand," continued Caecilius, not noticing her +interruption, "if all your thoughts go one way; if you have needs, +desires, aims, aspirations, all of which demand an Object, and imply, by +their very existence, that such an Object does exist also; and if nothing +here does satisfy them, and if there be a message which professes to come +from that Object, of whom you already have the presentiment, and to teach +you about Him, and to bring the remedy you crave; and if those who try +that remedy say with one voice that the remedy answers; are you not bound, +Callista, at least to look that way, to inquire into what you hear about +it, and to ask for His help, if He be, to enable you to believe in Him?" + +"This is what a slave of mine used to say," cried Callista, abruptly; "... +and another, Agellius, hinted the same thing.... What is your remedy, what +your Object, what your love, O Christian teacher? Why are you all so +mysterious, so reserved in your communications?" + +Caecilius was silent for a moment, and seemed at a loss for an answer. At +length he said, "Every man is in that state which you confess of yourself. +We have no love for Him who alone lasts. We love those things which do not +last, but come to an end. Things being thus, He whom we ought to love has +determined to win us back to Him. With this object He has come into His +own world, in the form of one of us men. And in that human form He opens +His arms and woos us to return to Him, our Maker. This is our Worship, +this is our Love, Callista." + +"You talk as Chione," Callista answered; "only that she felt, and you +teach. She could not speak of her Master without blushing for joy.... And +Agellius, when he said one word about his Master, he too began to +blush...." + +It was plain that the priest could hardly command his feelings, and they +sat for a short while in silence. Then Callista began, as if musing on +what she had heard. + +"A loved One," she said, "yet ideal; a passion so potent, so fresh, so +innocent, so absorbing, so expulsive of other loves, so enduring, yet of +One never beheld;--mysterious! It is our own notion of the First and only +Fair, yet embodied in a substance, yet dissolving again into a sort of +imagination.... It is beyond me." + +"There is but one Lover of souls," cried Caecilius, "and He loves each one +of us, as though there were no one else to love. He died for each one of +us, as if there were no one else to die for. He died on the shameful +cross. 'Amor meus crucifixus est.' The love which he inspires lasts, for +it is the love of the Unchangeable. It satisfies, for He is inexhaustible. +The nearer we draw to Him, the more triumphantly does He enter into us; +the longer He dwells in us, the more intimately have we possession of Him. +It is an espousal for eternity. This is why it is so easy for us to die +for our faith, at which the world marvels." + +Presently he said, "Why will not _you_ approach Him? why will not you +leave the creature for the Creator?" + +Callista seldom lost her self-possession; for a moment she lost it now; +tears gushed from her eyes. "Impossible!" she said, "what, I? you do not +know me, father!" She paused, and then resumed in a different tone, "No! +_my_ lot is one way, yours another. I am a child of Greece, and have no +happiness but that, such as it is, which my own bright land, my own +glorious race, give me. I may well be content, I may well be resigned, I +may well be proud, if I possess _that_ happiness. I must live and die +where I have been born. I am a tree which will not bear transplanting. The +Assyrians, the Jews, the Egyptians, have their own mystical teaching. They +follow their happiness in their own way; mine is a different one. The +pride of mind, the revel of the intellect, the voice and eyes of genius, +and the fond beating heart, I cannot do without them. I cannot do without +what you, Christian, call sin. Let me alone; such as nature made me I will +be. I cannot change." + +This sudden revulsion of her feelings quite overcame Caecilius; yet, while +the disappointment thrilled through him, he felt a most strange sympathy +for the poor lost girl, and his reply was full of emotion. "Am _I_ a Jew?" +he exclaimed; "am _I_ an Egyptian, or an Assyrian? Have I from my youth +believed and possessed what now is my Life, my Hope, and my Love? Child, +_what_ was once my life? Am not _I_ too a brand plucked out of the fire? +Do _I_ deserve anything but evil? Is it not the Power, the Mighty Power of +the only Strong, the only Merciful, the grace of Emmanuel, which has +changed and won me? If He can change me, an old man, could He not change a +child like you? I, a proud, stern Roman; I, a lover of pleasure, a man of +letters, of political station, with formed habits, and life-long +associations, and complicated relations; was it _I_ who wrought this great +change in me, who gained for myself the power of hating what I once loved, +of unlearning what I once knew, nay, of even forgetting what once I was? +Who has made you and me to differ, but He who can, when He will, make us +to agree? It is His same Omnipotence which will transform _you_, if you +will but come to be transformed." + +But a reaction had come over the proud and sensitive mind of the Greek +girl. "So after all, priest," she said, "you are but a man like others; a +frail, guilty person like myself. I can find plenty of persons who do as I +do; I want some one who does not; I want some one to worship. I thought +there was something in you special and extraordinary. There was a +gentleness and tenderness mingled with your strength which was new to me. +I said, Here is at last a god. My own gods are earthly, sensual; I have no +respect for them, no faith in them. But there is nothing better anywhere +else.... Alas!..." She started up, and said with vehemence, "I thought you +sinless; you confess to crime.... Ah! how do I know," she continued with a +shudder, "that you are better than those base hypocrites, priests of Isis +or Mithras, whose lustrations, initiations, new birth, white robes, and +laurel crowns, are but the instrument and cloak of their intense +depravity?" And she felt for the clasp upon her shoulder. + +Here her speech was interrupted by a hoarse sound, borne upon the wind as +of many voices blended into one and softened by the distance, but which, +under the circumstances, neither of the parties to the above conversation +had any difficulty in assigning to its real cause. "Dear father," she +said, "the enemy is upon you." + + + + + + CHAPTER XX. + + + HE SHALL NOT LOSE HIS REWARD. + + +There was no room for doubt or for delay. "What is to become of you, +Callista?" he said; "they will tear you to pieces." + +"Fear nothing for me, father," she answered; "I am one of them. They know +me. Alas, _I_ am no Christian! _I_ have not abjured their rites! but you, +lose not a moment." + +"They are still at some distance," he said, "though the wind gives us +merciful warning of their coming." He looked about the room, and took up +the books of Holy Scripture which were on the shelf. "There is nothing +else," he said, "of special value here. Agellius could not take them. +Here, my child, I am going to show you a great confidence. To few persons +not Christians would I show it. Take this blessed parchment; it contains +the earthly history of our Divine Master. Here you will see whom we +Christians love. Read it; keep it safely; surrender it, when you have the +opportunity, into Christian keeping. My mind tells me I am not wrong in +lending it to you." He handed to her the Gospel of St. Luke, while he put +the two other volumes into the folds of his own tunic. + +"One word more," she said; "your name, should I want you." + +He took up a piece of chalk from the shelf, and wrote upon the wall in +distinct characters, + + "Thascius Caecilius Cyprianus, Bishop of Carthage." + +Hardly had she read the inscription when the voices of several men were +heard in the very neighbourhood of the cottage; and hoping to effect a +diversion in favour of Caecilius, and being at once unsuspicious of danger +to herself, and careless of her life, she ran quickly forward to meet +them. Caecilius ought to have taken to flight without a moment's delay, but +a last sacred duty detained him. He knelt down and took the pyx from his +bosom. He had eaten nothing that day; but even if otherwise, it was a +crisis which allowed him to consume the sacred species without fasting. He +hastily opened the golden case, adored the blessed sacrament, and consumed +it, purifying its receptacle, and restoring it to its hiding-place. Then +he rose at once and left the cottage. + +He looked about; Callista was nowhere to be seen. She was gone; so much +was certain, no enemy was in sight; it only remained for him to make off +too. In the confusion he turned in the wrong direction; instead of making +off at the back of the cottage from which the voices had scared him, he +ran across the garden into the hollow way. It was all over with him in an +instant; he fell at once into the hands of the vanguard of the mob. + +Many mouths were opened upon him all at once. "The sorcerer!" cried one; +"tear him to shreds; _we'll_ teach him to brew his spells against the +city." "Give us back our grapes and corn," said a second. "Have a guard," +said a third; "he can turn you into swine or asses while there is breath +in him," "Then be the quicker with him," said a fourth, who was lifting up +a crowbar to discharge upon his head. "Hold!" said a tall swarthy youth, +who had already warded off several blows from him, "hold, will you? don't +you see, if you kill him he can't undo the spell. Make him first reverse +it all; make him take the curse off us. Bring him along; take him to +Astarte, Hercules, or old Saturn. We'll broil him on a gridiron till he +turns all these canes into vines, and makes olive berries of the pebbles, +and turns the dust of the earth into fine flour for our eating. When he +has done all this he shall dance a jig with a wild cow, and sit down to +supper with an hyena." + +A loud scream of exultation broke forth from the drunken and frantic +multitude. "Along with him!" continued the same speaker in a jeering tone. +"Here, put him on the ass and tie his hands behind his back. He shall go +back in triumph to the city which he loves. Mind, and don't touch him +before the time. If you kill him, you'll never get the curse off. Come +here, you priests of Cybele," he added, "and be his body-guard." And he +continued to keep a vigilant eye and hand over the old man, in spite of +them. + +The ass, though naturally a good-tempered beast, had been most sadly tried +through the day. He had been fed, indeed, out of mockery, as being the +Christians' god; but he did not understand the shouts and caprices of the +crowd, and he only waited for an opportunity to show that he by no means +acquiesced in the proceedings of the day. And now the difficulty was to +move at all. The people kept crowding up the hollow road, and blocked the +passage, and though the greater part of the rioters had either been left +behind exhausted in Sicca itself, or had poured over the fields on each +side of Agellius's cottage, or gone right over the hill down into the +valley beyond, yet still it was some time before the ass could move a +step, and a time of nervous suspense it was both to Caecilius and the youth +who befriended him. At length what remained of the procession was +persuaded to turn about and make for Sicca, but in a reversed order. It +could not be brought round in so confined a space, so its rear went first +and the ass and its burden came last. As they descended the hill back +again, Caecilius, who was mounted upon the linen and silk which had adorned +the Dea Syra before the Tertullianist had destroyed the idol, saw before +him the whole line of march. In front were flaunted the dreadful emblems +of idolatry, so far as their bearers were able still to raise them. +Drunken women, ragged boys mounted on men's shoulders, ruffians and +bullies, savage-looking Getulians, half-human monsters from the Atlas, +monkeys and curs jabbering and howling, mummers, bacchanals, satyrs, and +gesticulators, formed the staple of the procession. Midway between the +hill which he was descending and the city lay the ravine, of which we have +several times spoken, widening out into the plain or Campus Martius, which +reached round to the steep cliffs on the north. The bridle-path, along +which he was moving, crossed it just where it was opening and became +level, so as to present no abrupt descent and ascent at the place where +the path was lowest. On the left every vestige of the ravine soon ceased, +and a free passage extended to the plain. + +The youth who had placed Caecilius on the ass still kept close to him and +sung at the pitch of his voice, in imitation of the rest-- + + "Sporting and snorting in shades of the night, + His ears pricking up, and his hoofs striking light, + And his tail whisking round, in the speed of his flight." + +"Old man," he continued to Caecilius in a low voice, and in Latin, "your +curse has not worked on me yet." + +"My son," answered the priest, "you are granted one day more for +repentance." + +"Lucky for you as well as for me," was the reply: and he continued his +song:-- + + "Gurta, the witch, was out with the rest; + Though as lame as a gull, by his highness possessed, + She shouldered her crutch, and danced with the best. + + "She stamped and she twirled in the shade of the yew, + Till her gossips and chums of the city danced too; + They never are slack when there's mischief to do. + + "She danced and she coaxed, but he was no fool; + He'd be his own master, he'd not be her tool: + Not the little black moor should send him to school." + +He then turned to Caecilius and whispered, "You see, old father, that +others, besides Christians, can forgive and forget. Henceforth call me +generous Juba." And he tossed his head. + +By this time they had got to the bottom of the hill, and the deep shadows +which filled the hollow showed that the sun was rapidly sinking in the +west. Suddenly, as they were crossing the bottom as it opened into the +plain, Juba seized and broke the thong which bound Caecilius's arms, and +bestowing a tremendous cut with it upon the side of the ass, sent him +forward upon the plain at his greatest speed. The youth's manoeuvre was +successful to the full. The asses of Africa can do more on an occasion of +this kind than our own. Caecilius for the moment lost his seat; but, +instantly recovering it, took care to keep the animal from flagging; and +the cries of the mob, and the howlings of the priests of Cybele cooperated +in the task. At length the gloom, increasing every minute, hid him from +their view; and even in daylight his recapture would have been a difficult +matter for a wearied-out, famished, and intoxicated rabble. Before +Caecilius well had time to return thanks for this unexpected turn of +events, he was out of pursuit, and was ambling at a pace more suitable to +the habits of the beast of burden that carried him, over an expanse of +plain which would have been a formidable night-march to a fasting man. + + + +We must not conclude the day without relating what was its issue to the +persecutors, as well as to their intended victim. It is almost a proverb +that punishment is slow in overtaking crime; but the present instance was +an exception to the rule. While the exiled Bishop of Carthage escaped, the +crowd, on the other hand, were caught in the trap which had been laid for +them. We have already said it was a _ruse_ on the part of the governing +authorities of the place to get the rioters out of the city, that they +might at once be relieved of them, and then deal with them just as they +might think fit. When the mob was once outside the walls, they might be +refused re-admittance, and put down with a strong hand. The Roman +garrison, who, powerless to quell the tumult in the narrow and winding +streets and multiplied alleys of the city, had been the authors of the +manoeuvre, now took on themselves the stern completion of it, and +determined to do so in the sternest way. Not a single head of all those +who poured out in the afternoon should return at night. It was not to be +supposed that the soldiers had any tenderness for the Christians, but they +abominated and despised the rabble of the town. They were indignant at +their rising, thought it a personal insult to themselves, and resolved +they should never do so again. The gates were commonly in the custody of +the city guard, but the Porta Septimiana, by which the mob passed out, was +on this occasion claimed by the Romans. It was most suitably circumstanced +for the use they intended to make of it. Immediately outside of it was a +large court of the same level as the ground inside, bordered on the right +and left by substantial walls, which after a time were drawn to meet each +other, and contracted the space to the usual breadth of a road. The walls +continued to run along this road for some distance, till they joined the +way which led to the Campus Martius, and from this point the ground was +open till it reached the head of the ravine. The soldiers drew up at the +gate, and as the worn-out and disappointed, brutalized and half-idiotic +multitudes returned towards it from the country, those who were behind +pushed on between the border walls those who were in front, and, while +they jammed together their ranks, also made escape impossible. It was now +that the Roman soldiers began their barbarous, not to say cowardly, +assault upon them. With heavy maces, with the pike, with iron gauntlets, +with stones and bricks, with clubs, with scourge, with the sword, with the +helmet, with whatever came to hand, they commenced the massacre of that +large concourse of human beings, who did not offer one blow in return. +They slaughtered them like sheep; they trampled them down; they threw the +bodies of the wounded over the walls. Attempting to run back, numbers of +the poor wretches came into conflict with the ranks behind them, and an +additional scene of confusion and overthrow took place; many of them +straggled over to the open country or woods, and perished, either from the +weather, or from hunger, or even from the wild beasts. Others, weakened by +excess and famine, fell a prey to the pestilence that was raging. After +some days a remnant of them was allowed silently and timidly to steal back +into the city as best they could. It was a long day before the Plebs +Siccensis ventured to have any opinion of its own upon the subject of +Christianity, or any other political, social, or ecclesiastical topic +whatever. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXI. + + + STARTLING RUMOURS. + + +When Jucundus rose next morning, and heard the news, he considered it to +be more satisfactory than he could have supposed possible. He was a +zealous imperialist, and a lover of tranquillity, a despiser of the +natives and a hater of the Christians. The Christians had suffered enough +to vindicate the Roman name, to deter those who were playing at +Christianity, and to show that the people of Sicca had their eyes about +them. And the mob had received a severe lesson too; and the cause of +public order had triumphed, and civic peace was re-established. His +anxiety, too, about Agellius had terminated, or was terminating. He had +privately denounced him to the government, come to an understanding with +the military authorities, and obtained the custody of him. He had met him +at the very door to which the boy Firmian brought him, with an apparitor +of the military staff (or what answered to it), and had clapped him into +prison in an underground cellar in which he kept damaged images, and those +which had gone out of fashion, and were otherwise unsaleable. He was not +at all sorry, by some suffering, and by some fright, to aid the more +potent incantation which Callista was singing in his ears. He did not, +however, at all forget Juba's hint, and was careful not to overdo the +rack-and-gridiron dodge, if we may so designate it; yet he thought just a +flavour or a thought of the inconveniences which the profession of +Christianity involved might be a salutary reflection in the midst of the +persuasives which the voice and eyes of Callista would kindle in his +heart. There was nothing glorious or heroic in being confined in a lumber +cellar, no one knowing anything about it; and he did not mean to keep him +there for ever. + +As the next day wore on towards evening, rumour brought a piece of news +which he was at first utterly unable to credit, and which for the moment +seemed likely to spoil the appetite which promised so well for his evening +repast. He could hardly believe his ears when he was told that Callista +was in arrest on a charge of Christianity, and at first it made him look +as black as some of those Egyptian gods which he had on one shelf of his +shop. However, he rallied, and was very much amused at the report. The +imprisonment indeed was a fact, account for it as one could; but who +_could_ account for it? "Varium et mutabile:" who could answer for the +whims and fancies of womankind? If she had fallen in love with the owl of +Minerva, or cut off her auburn tresses, or turned rope-dancer, there might +have been some shrugging of shoulders, but no one would have tried to +analyze the motive; but so much his profound sagacity enabled him to see, +that, if there was one thing more than another likely to sicken Agellius +of Christianity, it was to find one who was so precious to him suffering +from the suspicion of it. It was bad enough to have suffered one's self in +such a cause; still he could conceive, he was large-minded enough to +grant, that Agellius might have some secret satisfaction in the antagonist +feeling of resentment and obstinacy which that suffering might engender: +but it was carrying matters too far, and no comfort in any point of view, +to find Callista, his beloved, the object of a similar punishment. It was +all very well to profess Christianity as a matter of sentiment, mystery, +and singularity; but when it was found to compromise the life or limbs of +another, and that other Callista, why it was plain that Agellius would be +the very first to try and entreat the wayward girl to keep her good looks +for him, and to be loyal to the gods of her country; and he chuckled over +the thought, as others have done in other states of society, of a +love-scene or a marriage being the termination of so much high romance and +fine acting. + +However, the next day Aristo came down to him himself, and gave him an +account at once more authentic and more extended on the matter which +interested him. Callista had been called up before the tribunal, and had +not been discharged, but remanded. The meaning of it was as obscure as +ever; Aristo could give no account of it; it almost led him to believe in +the evil eye; some unholy practices, some spells such as only potent +wizards know, some deplorable delusion or hallucination, had for the time +got the mastery of his sister's mind. No one seemed quite to know how she +had found her way into the hands of the officers; but there she was, and +the problem was how to get her out of them. + +However, whatever mystery, whatever anxiety, attached to the case, it was +only still more urgent to bring the matter home to Agellius without delay. +If time went on before the parties were brought together, she might grow +more obstinate, and kindle a like spirit in him. Oh that boys and girls +_would_ be giving old people, who wish them well, so much trouble! +However, it was no good thinking of that just then. He considered that, at +the present moment, they would not be able to bear the sight of each other +in suffering and peril; that mutual tenderness would make them plead with +each other in each other's behalf, and that each would be obliged to set +the example to each of a concession, to which each exhorted each; and on +this fine philosophical view he proceeded to act. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXII. + + + JUCUNDUS PROPOUNDS HIS VIEW OF THE SITUATION. + + +For thirty-six hours Agellius had been confined in his underground +receptacle, light being almost excluded, a bench and a rug being his means +of repose, and a full measure of bread, wine, and olives being his dole. +The shrieks and yells of the rioters could be distinctly heard in his +prison, as the day of his seizure went on, and they passed by the temple +of Astarte; but what happened at his farm, and how it fared with Caecilius, +he had no means of conjecturing; nor indeed how it was to fare with +himself, for on the face of the transaction, as was in form the fact, he +was in the hands of the law, and only indulged with the house of a +relative for his prison. On the second night he was released by his +uncle's confidential slave, who brought him up to a small back closet on +the ground floor, which was lighted from the roof, and next morning, being +the second day after the riot, Jucundus came in to have his confidential +conversation with him. + +His uncle began by telling him that he was a government prisoner, but that +he hoped by his influence in high places to get him off and out of Sicca +without any prejudice to his honour. He told him that he had managed it +privately, and if he had treated him with apparent harshness up to the +evening before, it was in order to save appearances with the apparitors +who had attended him. He then went on to inform him that the mob had +visited his cottage, and had caught some man there; he supposed some +accomplice or ally of his nephew's. They had seized him, and were bringing +him off, but the fellow had been clever enough to effect his escape. He +did not know more than this, but it had happened very fortunately, for the +general belief in the place was, that it was Agellius who had been taken, +and who had managed to give them the slip. Since it could not any longer +be safely denied that he was a Christian, though he (Jucundus) did not +think so himself, he had encouraged or rather had given his confirmation +to the report; and when some persons who had means of knowing had asserted +that the culprit was double the age of his nephew and more, and not at all +of his make or description, but a sort of slave, or rather that he was the +slave of Agellius who had belonged to his father Strabo, Jucundus had +boldly asserted that Agellius, in the emergency, had availed himself of +some of the remarkably powerful charms which Christians were known to +possess, and had made himself seem what he really was not, in order to +escape detection. It had not indeed answered the purpose entirely, for he +had actually been taken; but no blame in the charm, which perhaps, after +all, had enabled him to escape. However, Agellius was gone, he told +people, and a good riddance, and he hoped never to see him again. "But you +see, my dear boy," he concluded, "this was all talk for the occasion, for +I hope you will live here many years in respectability and credit. I +intend you should close my eyes when my time comes, and inherit whatever I +have to leave you; for as to that fellow Juba, he inspires me with no +confidence in him at all." + +Agellius thanked his uncle with all his heart for his kind and successful +efforts on his behalf; he did not think there was a word he had said, in +the future he had sketched for him, which he could have wished altered. +But he thought Jucundus over-sanguine; much as he should like to live with +him and tend him in his old age, he did not think he should ever be +permitted to return to Sicca. He was a Christian, and must seek some +remote corner of the world, or at least some city where he was unknown. +Every one in Sicca would point at him as the Christian; he would +experience a thousand rubs and collisions, even if the mob did not rise +against him, without corresponding advantage; on the other hand, he would +have no influence. But were he in the midst of a powerful and +widely-extended community of Christians, he might in his place do work, +and might extend the faith as one of a number, unknown himself, and strong +in his brethren. He therefore proposed as soon as possible to sell his +effects and stock, and retire from the sight of men, at least for a time. + +"You think this persecution, then, will be soon at an end?" asked +Jucundus. + +"I judge by the past," answered Agellius; "there have been times of trial +and of rest hitherto, and I suppose it will be so again. And one place has +hitherto been exempt from the violence of our enemies, when another has +been the scene of it." + +"A new time is coming, trust me," said Jucundus, gravely. "Those popular +commotions are all over. What happened two days ago is a sample of what +will come of them; they have received their _coup-de-grace_. The State is +taking up the matter, Rome itself, thank the gods! a tougher sort of +customer than these villain ratcatchers and offal-eaters, whom you had to +do with two days since. Great Rome is now at length in earnest, my boy, +which she ought to have been a long time back, before you were born; and +then you know," and he nodded, "you would have had no choice; you wouldn't +have had the temptation to make a fool of yourself." + +"Well, then," answered Agellius, "if a new time is really coming, there is +less chance than ever of my continuing here." + +"Now be a sensible fellow, as you are when you choose," said his uncle; +"look the matter in the face, do. You cannot wrestle with impossibilities, +you cannot make facts to pattern. There are lawful religions, there are +illicit. Christianity is illicit; it is not tolerated; that's not your +fault; you cannot help it; you would, if you could; you can't. Now you +have observed your point of honour; you have shown you can stand up like a +man, and suffer for your own fancy. Still Rome does not give way; and you +must make the best of it. You must give in, and you are far too good (I +don't compliment, I speak my mind), far too amiable, excellent, sweet a +boy for so rascally a superstition." + +"There is something stronger than Rome," said the nephew almost sternly. + +Jucundus cut him short. "Agellius!" he said, "you must not say that in +this house. You shall not use that language under my roof. I'll not put up +with it, I tell you. Take your treason elsewhere.... This accursed +obstinacy!" he said to himself; "but I must take care what I am doing;" +then aloud, "Well, we both of us have been railing; no good comes of +railing; railing is not argument. But now, I say, do be sensible, if you +can. Is not the imperial government in earnest now? better late than +never, but it is now in earnest. And now mark my words, by this day five +years, five years at the utmost,--I say by this day five years there will +not be a single ragamuffin Christian in the whole Roman world." And he +looked fierce. "Ye gods! Rome, Rome has swept from the earth by her very +breath conspiracies, confederacies, plots against her, without ever +failing; she will do so now with this contemptible, Jew-begotten foe." + +"In what are we enemies to Rome, Jucundus?" said Agellius; "why will you +always take it for granted?" + +"Take it for granted!" answered he, "is it not on the face of the matter? +I suppose _they_ are enemies to a state, whom the state _calls_ its +enemies. Besides, why a pother of words? Swear by the genius of the +emperor, invoke the Dea Roma, sacrifice to Jove; no, not a bit of it, not +a whisper, not a sign, not a grain of incense. You go out of your way to +insult us; and then you come with a grave face, and say you are loyal. You +kick our shins, and you wish us to kiss you on both cheeks for it. A few +harmless ceremonies; we are not entrapping you; we are not using your +words against yourselves; we tell you the meaning beforehand, the whole +meaning of them. It is not as if we tied you to the belief of the nursery: +we don't say, 'If you burn incense, you profess to believe that old +Jupiter is shivering atop of Olympus;' we don't say, 'You swear by the +genius of Caesar, therefore he has a genius, black, or white, or piebald,' +No, we give you the meaning of the act; it is a mere expression of loyalty +to the empire. If then you won't do it, you confess yourself _ipso facto_ +disloyal. It is incomprehensible." And he had become quite red. + +"My dear uncle," said Agellius, "I give you my solemn word, that the +people whom you so detest do pray for the welfare of the imperial power +continually, as a matter of duty and as a matter of interest." + +"Pray! pray! fudge and nonsense!" cried Jucundus, almost mimicking him in +his indignation; "pray! who thanks you for your prayers? what's the good +of prayers? Prayers, indeed! ha, ha! A little loyalty is worth all the +praying in the world. I'll tell you what, Agellius; you are, I am sorry to +say it, but you are hand and glove with a set of traitors, who shall and +will be smoked out like a nest of wasps. _You_ don't know; _you_ are not +in the secret, nor the wretched slave, poor beast, who was pulled to +pieces yesterday (ah! you don't know of him) at the Flamen's, nor a +multitude of other idiots. But, d'ye see," and he chucked up his head +significantly, "there are puppets, and there are wires. Few know what is +going on. They won't have done (unless we put them down; but we will) till +they have toppled down the state. But Rome will put them down. Come, be +sensible, listen to reason; now I am going to put facts before my poor, +dear, well-meaning boy. Oh that you saw things as I do! What a trouble you +are to me! Here am I"---- + +"My dearest uncle, Jucundus," cried Agellius, "I assure you, it is the +most intense pain to me"---- + +"Very well, very well," interrupted the uncle in turn, "I believe it, of +course I believe it; but listen, listen. Every now and then," he continued +in a more measured and lower tone, "every now and then the secret is +blabbed--blabbed. There was that Tertullianus of Carthage, some fifty years +since. He wrote books; books have done a great deal of harm before now; +but _read_ his books--read and ponder. The fellow has the insolence to tell +the proconsul that he and the whole government, the whole city and +province, the whole Roman world, the emperors, all but the pitiful +_clique_ to which he belongs, are destined, after death, to flames for +ever and ever. There's loyalty! but the absurdity is greater than the +malevolence. Rightly are the fellows called atheists and men-haters. Our +soldiers, our statesmen, our magistrates, and judges, and senators, and +the whole community, all worshippers of the gods, every one who crowns his +head, every one who loves a joke, and all our great historic names, +heroes, and worthies,--the Scipios, the Decii, Brutus, Caesar, Cato, Titus, +Trajan, Antoninus,--are inmates, not of the Elysian fields, if Elysian +fields there be, but of Tartarus, and will never find a way out of it." + +"That man, Tertullianus, is nothing to us, uncle," answered Agellius; "a +man of great ability, but he quarrelled with us, and left us." + +"_I_ can't draw nice distinctions," said Jucundus. "Your people have +quarrelled among themselves perhaps on an understanding; we can't split +hairs. It's the same with your present hierophant at Carthage, Cyprianus. +Nothing can exaggerate, I am told, the foulness of his attack upon the +gods of Rome, upon Romulus, the Augurs, the Ancilia, the consuls, and +whatever a Roman is proud of. As to the imperial city itself, there's +hardly one of their high priests that has not died under the hands of the +executioner, as a convict. The precious fellows take the title of Pontifex +Maximus; bless their impudence! Well, my boy, this is what I say; be, if +you will, so preternaturally sour and morose as to misconceive and mislike +the innocent, graceful, humanising, time-honoured usages of society; be +so, for what I care, if this is all; but it isn't all. Such misanthropy is +wisdom, absolute wisdom, compared with the Titanic presumption and +audacity of challenging to single combat the sovereign of the world. Go +and kick down Mount Atlas first." + +"You have it all your own way, Jucundus," answered his nephew, "and so you +must move in your own circle, round and round. There is no touching you, +if you first assume your premisses, and then prove them by means of your +conclusion." + +"My dear Agellius," said his uncle, giving his head a very solemn shake, +"take the advice of an old man. When you are older than you are, you will +see better who is right and who is wrong. You'll be sorry you despised me, +a true, a prudent, an experienced friend; you will. Shake yourself, come +do. Why should you link your fortunes, in the morning of life, with +desperate men, only because your father, in his last feeble days, was +entrapped into doing so? I really will not believe that you are going to +throw away hope and life on so bad a bargain. Can't you speak a word? Here +you've let me speak, and won't say one syllable for yourself. I don't +think it kind of you." + +Thus adjured, Agellius began. "Well," he said, "it's a long history; you +see, we start, my dear uncle, from different points. How am I possibly to +join issue with you? I can only tell you my conclusion. Hope and life, you +say. Why, my only hope, my only life, my only joy, desire, consolation, +and treasure is that I am a Christian." + +"Hope and life!" interrupted Jucundus, "immortal gods! life and hope in +being a Christian! do I hear aright? Why, man, a prison brings despair, +not hope; and the sword brings death, not life. By Esculapius! life and +hope! you choke me, Agellius. Life and hope! you are beyond three +Anticyras. Life and hope! if you were old, if you were diseased, if you +were given over, and had but one puff of life left in you, then you might +be what you would, for me; but your hair is black, your cheek is round, +your limbs are strong, your voice is full; and you are going to make all +these a sacrifice to Hecate! has your good genius fed that plump frame, +ripened those goods looks, nerved your arm, bestowed that breadth of +chest, that strength of loins, that straightness of spine, that vigour of +step, only that you may feed the crows? or to be torn on the rack, +scorched in the flame, or hung on the gibbet? is this your gratitude to +nature? What has been your price? for what have you sold yourself? Speak, +man, speak. Are you dumb as well as dement? Are you dumb, I say, are you +dumb?" + +"O Jucundus," cried Agellius, irritated at his own inability to express +himself or hold an argument, "if you did but know what it was to have the +Truth! The Christian has found the Truth, the eternal Truth, in a world of +error. That is his bargain, that is his hire; can there be a greater? Can +I give up the Truth? But all this is Punic or Barbar to you." + +It certainly did pose Jucundus for half a minute, as if he was trying to +take in, not so much the sense, as the words of his nephew's speech. He +looked bewildered, and though he began to answer him at once, it took +several sentences to bring him into his usual flow of language. After one +or two exclamations, "The truth!" he cried, "_this_ is what I understand +you to say,--the truth. The _truth_ is your bargain; I think I'm right, the +truth; Hm; what is truth? What in heaven and earth do you mean by truth? +where did you get that cant? What oriental tomfoolery is bamboozling you? +The truth!" he cried, staring at him with eyes, half of triumph, half of +impatience, "the truth! Jove help the boy!--the truth! can truth pour me +out a cup of melilotus? can truth crown me with flowers? can it sing to +me? can it bring Glyceris to me? drop gold into my girdle? or cool my +brows when fever visits me? Can truth give me a handsome suburban with +some five hundred slaves, or raise me to the duumvirate? Let it do this, +and I will worship it; it shall be my god; it shall be more to me than +Fortune, Fate, Rome, or any other goddess on the list. But _I_ like to +see, and touch, and feel, and handle, and weigh, and measure what is +promised me. I wish to have a sample and an instalment. I am too old for +chaff. Eat, drink, and be merry, that's my philosophy, that's my religion; +and I know no better. To-day is ours, to-morrow is our children's." + +After a pause, he added, bitterly, "If truth could get Callista out of +prison, instead of getting her into it, I should have something to say to +truth." + +"Callista in prison!" cried Agellius with surprise and distress, "what do +you mean, Jucundus?" + +"Yes, it's a fact; Callista _is_ in prison," answered he, "and on +suspicion of Christianity." + +"Callista! Christianity!" said Agellius, bewildered, "do I hear aright? +She a Christian! oh, impossible, uncle! you don't mean to say that she is +in prison. Tell me, tell me, my dear, dear Jucundus, what this wonderful +news means." + +"You ought to know more about it than I," answered he, "if there is any +meaning in it. But if you want my opinion, here it is. I don't believe she +is more a Christian than I am; but I think she is over head and ears in +love with you, and she has some notion that she is paying you a +compliment, or interesting you in her, or sharing your fate--(_I_ can't +pretend to unravel the vagaries and tantarums of the female mind)--by +saying that she is what she is _not_. If not, perhaps she has done it out +of spite and contradiction. You can never answer for a woman." + +"Whom should she spite? whom contradict?" cried Agellius, thrown for the +moment off his balance. "O Callista! Callista in prison for Christianity! +Oh if it's true that she is a Christian! but what if she is not?" he added +with great terror, "what if she's not, and yet in prison, as if she were? +How are we to get her out, uncle? Impossible! no, she's not a +Christian--she is not at all. She ought not to be there! Yet how +wonderful!" + +"Well, I am sure of it, too," said Jucundus; "I'd stake the best image in +my shop that she's not a Christian; but what if she is perverse enough to +say she _is_? and such things are not uncommon. Then, I say, what in the +world is to be done? If she says she is, why she is. There you are; and +what can you do?" + +"You don't mean to say," exclaimed Agellius, "that that sweet delicate +child is in that horrible hole; impossible!" and he nearly shrieked at the +thought. "What is the meaning of it all? dear, dear uncle, do tell me +something more about it. Why did you not tell me before? What _can_ be +done?" + +Jucundus thought he now had him in his hand. "Why, it's plain," he +answered, "what can be _done_. She's no Christian, we both agree. It's +certain, too, that she chooses to say she is, or something like it. +There's just one person who has influence with her, to make her tell the +truth." + +"Ha!" cried Agellius, starting as if an asp had bitten him. + +Jucundus kept silence, and let the poison of the said asp work awhile in +his nephew's blood. + +Agellius put his hands before his eyes; and with his elbows on his knees, +began moving to and fro, as if in intense pain. + +"I repeat what I have said," Jucundus observed at length; "I do really +think that she imagines a certain young gentleman is likely to be in +trouble, and that she is determined to share the trouble with him." + +"But it isn't true," cried Agellius with great vehemence; "it's not +true.... If she really is not a Christian, O my dear Lord, surely they +won't put her to death as if she was?" + +"But if she has made up her mind to be in the same boat with you, and +_will_ be a Christian while you are a Christian, what on earth can we do, +Agellius?" asked Jucundus. "You have the whole matter in a nutshell." + +"She does not love me," cried Agellius; "no, she has given me no reason to +think so. I am sure she does not. She's nothing to me. That cannot be the +reason of her conduct. _I_ have no power over her; _I_ could not persuade +her. What, what _does_ all this mean? and I shut up here?" and he began +walking about the little room, as if such locomotion tended to bring him +out of it. + +"Well," answered Jucundus, "it is easy to ascertain. I suppose you _could_ +be let out to see her." + +But he was going on too fast; Agellius did not attend to him. "Poor, sweet +Callista," he exclaimed, "she's innocent, she's innocent; I mean she's not +a Christian. Ah!" he screamed out in great agony, as the whole state of +the case unrolled itself to his apprehension, "she will die though not a +Christian; she will die without faith, without love; she will die in her +sins. She will die, done to death by false report of accepting that, by +which alone she could be carried safely through death unto life. O my +Lord, spare me!" and he sank upon the ground in a collapse of misery. + +Jucundus was touched, and still more alarmed. "Come, come, my boy," he +said, "you will rouse the whole neighbourhood. Give over; be a man; all +will be right. If she's not a Christian (and she's not), she shall not die +a Christian's death; something will turn up. She's not in any hole at all, +but in a decent lodging. And you shall see her, and console her, and all +will be right." + +"Yes, I will see her," said Agellius, in a sort of musing manner; "she is +either a Christian, or she is not. If she is a Christian ..." and his +voice faltered; "but if she is not, she shall live till she is." + +"Well said!" answered Jucundus, "_till_ she is. She shall live _till_ she +is. Yes, I can get you to see her. You shall bring her out of prison; a +smile, a whisper from you, and all her fretfulness and ill-humour will +vanish, like a mist before the powerful burning sun. And we shall all be +as happy as the immortal gods." + +"O my uncle!" said Agellius, gravely. The language of Jucundus had shocked +him, and brought him to a better mind. He turned away from Jucundus, and +leant his face against the wall. Then he turned round again, and said, "If +she _is_ a Christian, I ought to rejoice, and I do rejoice; God be +praised. If she is not a Christian, I ought at once to make her one. If +she has already the penalty of a Christian, she is surely destined for the +privilege. And how should I go," he said, half speaking to himself, "how +should I go to tell her that she is not yet a Christian, and bid her swear +by Jupiter, because that is her god, in order that she may escape +imprisonment and death? Am I to do the part of a heathen priest or infidel +sophist? O Caecilius, how am I forgetting your lessons! No; I will go on no +such errand. Go, I will, if I may, Jucundus, but I will go on no +conditions of yours. I go on no promise to try to get her out of prison +anyhow, poor child. I will not go to make her sacrifice to a false god; I +go to persuade her to stay in prison, by deserving to stay. Perhaps I am +not the best person to go; but if I go, I go free. I go willing to die +myself for my Lord; glad to make her die for Him." + +Agellius said this in so determined a way, so calmly, with such a grasp of +the existing posture of affairs, and of the whole circumstances of the +case, that it was now Jucundus's turn to feel surprise and annoyance. For +a time he did not take in what Agellius meant, nor could he to the last +follow his train of feeling. When he saw what may be called the upshot of +the matter, he became very angry, and spoke with great violence. By +degrees he calmed; and then the strong feeling came on him again that it +was impossible, if a meeting took place between the two, that it could end +in any way but one. He defied any two young people who loved each other, +to come to any but one conclusion. Agellius's mood was too excited, too +tragic to last. The sight of Callista in that dreadful prison, perhaps in +chains, waiting, in order to be free, for ability to say the words, "I am +not a Christian;" and that ability waiting for the same words from +himself, would bring the affair to a very speedy issue. As if he could +love a fancy better than he loved Callista! Agellius, too, had already +expressed a misgiving himself on that head; so far they were agreed. And, +to tell the truth, it was a very difficult transaction for a young man; +and giving our poor Agellius all credit for pure intention and firm +resolve, we really should have been very sorry to see him involved in a +trial, which would have demanded of him a most heroic faith and the +detachment of a saint. We, therefore, are not sorry that in matter of fact +he gained the merit of so virtuous a determination, without being called +on to execute it. For it so happened, that a most unexpected event +occurred to him not many hours afterwards, which will oblige us to take up +here rather abruptly the history of one of our other personages. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXIII. + + + GURTA. + + +In the bosom of the woods which stretched for many miles from the +immediate environs of Sicca, and placed on a gravel slope reaching down to +a brook, which ran in a bottom close by, was a small, rude hut, of a kind +peculiar to Africa, and commonly ascribed to the wandering tribes, who +neither cared, nor had leisure for a more stable habitation. Some might +have called it a tent, from the goat's-hair cloth with which it was +covered; but it looked, as to shape, like nothing else than an inverted +boat, or the roof of a house set upon the ground. Inside it was seen to be +constructed of the branches of trees, twisted together or wattled, the +interstices, or rather the whole surface, being covered with clay. Being +thus stoutly built, lined, and covered, it was proof against the +tremendous rains, to which the climate, for which it was made, was +subject. Along the centre ridge or backbone, which varied in height from +six to ten feet from the ground, it was supported by three posts or +pillars; at one end it rose conically to an open aperture, which served +for chimney, for sky-light, and for ventilator. Hooks were suspended from +the roof for baskets, articles of clothing, weapons, and implements of +various kinds; and a second cone, excavated in the ground with the vertex +downward, served as a storehouse for grain. The door was so low, that an +ordinary person must bend double to pass through it. + +However, it was in the winter months only, when the rains were profuse, +that the owner of this respectable mansion condescended to creep into it. +In summer she had a drawing-room, as it may be called, of nature's own +creation, in which she lived, and in one quarter of which she had her +lair. Close above the hut was a high plot of level turf, surrounded by old +oaks, and fringed beneath with thick underwood. In the centre of this +green rose a yew-tree of primeval character. Indeed, the whole forest +spoke of the very beginnings of the world, as if it had been the immediate +creation of that Voice which bade the earth clothe itself with green life. +But the place no longer spoke exclusively of its Maker. Upon the trees +hung the emblems and objects of idolatry, and the turf was traced with +magical characters. Littered about were human bones, horns of wild +animals, wax figures, spermaceti taken from vaults, large nails, to which +portions of flesh adhered, as if they had had to do with malefactors, +metal plates engraved with strange characters, bottled blood, hair of +young persons, and old rags. The reader must not suppose any incantation +is about to follow, or that the place we are describing will have a +prominent place in what remains of our tale; but even if it be the scene +of only one conversation, and one event, there is no harm in describing +it, as it appeared on that occasion. + +The old crone, who was seated in this bower of delight, had an expression +of countenance in keeping, not with the place, but with the furniture with +which it was adorned; that furniture told her trade. Whether the root of +superstition might be traced deeper still, and the woman and her traps +were really and directly connected with the powers beneath the earth, it +is impossible to determine; it is certain she had the will, it is certain +that that will was from their inspiration; nay, it is certain that she +thought she really possessed the communications which she desired; it is +certain, too, she so far deceived herself as to fancy that what she +learned by mere natural means came to her from a diabolical source. She +kept up an active correspondence with Sicca. She was consulted by numbers; +she was up with the public news, the social gossip, and the private and +secret transactions of the hour; and had, before now, even interfered in +matters of state, and had been courted by rival political parties. But in +the high cares and occupations of this interesting person, we are not here +concerned; but with a conversation which took place between her and Juba, +about the same hour of the evening as that of Caecilius's escape, but on +the day after it, while the sun was gleaming almost horizontally through +the tall trunks of the trees of the forest. + +"Well, my precious boy," said the old woman, "the choicest gifts of great +Cham be your portion! You had excellent sport yesterday, I'll warrant. The +rats squeaked, eh? and you beat the life out of them. That scoundrel +sacristan, I suppose, has taken up his quarters below." + +"You may say it," answered Juba. "The reptile! he turned right about, and +would have made himself an honest fellow, when it couldn't be helped." + +"Good, good!" returned Gurta, as if she had got something very pleasant in +her mouth; "ah! that is good! but he did not escape on that score, I do +trust." + +"They pulled him to pieces all the more cheerfully," said Juba. + +"Pulled him to pieces, limb by limb, joint by joint, eh?" answered Gurta. +"Did they skin him?--did they do anything to his eyes, or his tongue? +Anyhow, it was too quickly, Juba. Slowly, leisurely, gradually. Yes, it's +like a glutton to be quick about it. Taste him, handle him, play with +him,--that's luxury! but to bolt him,--faugh!" + +"Caeso's slave made a good end," said Juba: "he stood up for his views, and +died like a man." + +"The gods smite him! but he has gone up--up:" and she laughed. "Up to what +they call bliss and glory;--such glory! but he's out of our domain, you +know. But he did not die easy?" + +"The boys worried him a good deal," answered Juba: "but it's not quite in +my line, mother, all this. I think you drink a pint of blood morning and +evening, and thrive on it, old woman. It makes you merry; but it's too +much for my stomach." + +"Ha, ha, my boy!" cried Gurta; "you'll improve in time, though you make +wry faces, now that you're young. Well, and have you brought me any news +from the capitol? Is any one getting a rise in the world, or a downfall? +How blows the wind? Are there changes in the camp? This Decius, I suspect, +will not last long." + +"They all seem desperately frightened," said Juba, "lest they should not +smite your friends hard enough, Gurta. Root and branch is the word. +They'll have to make a few Christians for the occasion, in order to kill +them: and I almost think they're about it," he added, thoughtfully. "They +have to show that they are not surpassed by the rabble. 'Tis a pity +Christians are so few, isn't it, mother?" + +"Yes, yes," she said, "but we must crush them, grind them, many or few: +and we shall, we shall! Callista's to come." + +"I don't see they are worse than other people," said Juba; "not at all, +except that they are commonly sneaks. If Callista turns, why should not I +turn too, mother, to keep her company, and keep your hand in?" + +"No, no, my boy," returned the witch, "you must serve _my_ master. You are +having your fling just now, but you will buckle to in good time. You must +one day take some work with my merry men. Come here, child," said the fond +mother, "and let me kiss you." + +"Keep your kisses for your monkeys and goats and cats," answered Juba; +"they're not to my taste, old dame. Master! my master! I won't have a +master! I'll be nobody's servant. I'll never stand to be hired, nor cringe +to a bully, nor quake before a rod. Please yourself, Gurta; I am a free +man. You're my mother by courtesy only." + +Gurta looked at him savagely. "Why, you're not going to be pious and +virtuous, Juba? A choice saint you'll make! You shall be drawn for a +picture." + +"Why shouldn't I, if I choose?" said Juba. "If I must take service, willy +nilly, I'd any day prefer the other's to that of your friend. I've not +left the master to take the man." + +"Blaspheme not the great gods," she answered, "or they'll do you a +mischief yet." + +"I say again," insisted Juba, "if I must lick the earth, it shall not be +where your friend has trod. It shall be in my brother's fashion, rather +than in yours, Gurta." + +"Agellius!" she shrieked out with such disgust, that it is wonderful she +uttered the name at all. "Ah! you have not told me about him, boy. Well, +is he safe in the pit, or in the stomach of an hyena?" + +"He's alive," said Juba; "but he has not got it in him to be a Christian. +Yes, he's safe with his uncle." + +"Ah! Jucundus must ruin him, debauch him, and then we must make away with +him. We must not be in a hurry," said Gurta, "it must be body and soul." + +"No one shall touch him, craven as he is," answered Juba. "I despise him, +but let him alone." + +"Don't come across me," said Gurta, sullenly; "I'll have my way. Why, you +know I could smite you to the dust, as well as him, if I chose." + +"But you have not asked me about Callista," answered Juba. "It is really a +capital joke, but she has got into prison for certain, for being a +Christian. Fancy it! they caught her in the streets, and put her in the +guard-house, and have had her up for examination. You see they want a +Christian for the nonce: it would not do to have none such in prison; so +they will flourish with her till Decius bolts from the scene." + +"The Furies have her!" cried Gurta: "she _is_ a Christian, my boy: I told +you so, long ago!" + +"Callista a Christian!" answered Juba, "ha! ha! She and Agellius are going +to make a match of it, of some sort or other. They're thinking of other +things than paradise." + +"She and the old priest, more likely, more likely," said Gurta. "He's in +prison with her--in the pit, as I trust." + +"Your master has cheated you for once, old woman," said Juba. + +Gurta looked at him fiercely, and seemed waiting for his explanation. He +began singing,-- + + "She wheedled and coaxed, but he was no fool; + He'd be his own master, he'd not be her tool; + Not the little black moor should send him to school. + + "She foamed and she cursed--'twas the same thing to him; + She laid well her trap; but he carried his whim;-- + The priest scuffled off, safe in life and in limb." + +Gurta was almost suffocated with passion. "Cyprianus has not escaped, +boy?" she asked at length. + +"I got him off," said Juba, undauntedly. + +A shade, as of Erebus, passed over the witch's face; but she remained +quite silent. + +"Mother, I am my own master," he continued, "I must break your assumption +of superiority. I'm not a boy, though you call me so. I'll have my own +way. Yes, I saved Cyprianus. You're a bloodthirsty old hag! Yes, _I've_ +seen your secret doings. Did not I catch you the other day, practising on +that little child? You had nailed him up by hands and feet against the +tree, and were cutting him to pieces at your leisure, as he quivered and +shrieked the while. You were examining or using his liver for some of your +black purposes. It's not in my line; but you gloated over it; and when he +wailed, you wailed in mimicry. You were panting with pleasure." + +Gurta was still silent, and had an expression on her face, awful from the +intensity of its malignity. She had uttered a low piercing whistle. + +"Yes!" continued Juba, "you revelled in it. You chattered to the poor babe +when it screamed, as a nurse to an infant. You called it pretty names, and +squeaked out your satisfaction each time you stuck it. You old hag! I'm +not of your breed, though they call us of kin. _I_ don't fear you," he +said, observing the expression of her countenance, "I don't fear the +immortal devil!" And he continued his song-- + + "She beckoned the moon, and the moon came down; + The green earth shrivelled beneath her frown; + But a man's strong will can keep his own." + +While he was talking and singing, her call had been answered from the hut. +An animal of some wonderful species had crept out of it, and proceeded to +creep and crawl, moeing and twisting as it went, along the trees and +shrubs which rounded the grass plot. When it came up to the old woman, it +crouched at her feet, and then rose up upon its hind legs and begged. She +took hold of the uncouth beast and began to fondle it in her arms, +muttering something in its ear. At length, when Juba stopped for a moment +in his song, she suddenly flung it right at him, with great force, saying, +"Take that!" She then gave utterance to a low inward laugh, and leaned +herself back against the trunk of the tree upon which she was sitting, +with her knees drawn up almost to her chin. + +The blow seemed to act on Juba as a shock on his nervous system, both from +its violence and its strangeness. He stood still for a moment, and then, +without saying a word, he turned away, and walked slowly down the hill, as +if in a maze. Then he sat down.... + +In an instant up he started again with a great cry, and began running at +the top of his speed. He thought he heard a voice speaking in him; and, +however fast he ran, the voice, or whatever it was, kept up with him. He +rushed through the underwood, trampling and crushing it under his feet, +and scaring the birds and small game which lodged there. At last, +exhausted, he stood still for breath, when he heard it say loudly and +deeply, as if speaking with his own organs, "You cannot escape from +yourself!" Then a terror seized him; he fell down and fainted away. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXIV. + + + A MOTHER'S BLESSING. + + +When his senses returned, his first impression was of something in him not +himself. He felt it in his breathing; he tasted it in his mouth. The brook +which ran by Gurta's encampment had by this time become a streamlet, +though still shallow. He plunged into it; a feeling came upon him as if he +ought to drown himself, had it been deeper. He rolled about in it, in +spite of its flinty and rocky bed. When he came out of it, his tunic +sticking to him, he tore it off his shoulders, and let it hang round his +girdle in shreds, as it might. The shock of the water, however, acted as a +sedative upon him, and the coolness of the night refreshed him. He walked +on for a while in silence. + +Suddenly the power within him began uttering, by means of his organs of +speech, the most fearful blasphemies, words embodying conceptions which, +had they come into his mind, he might indeed have borne with patience +before this, or uttered in bravado, but which now filled him with +inexpressible loathing, and a terror to which he had hitherto been quite a +stranger. He had always in his heart believed in a God, but he now +believed with a reality and intensity utterly new to him. He felt it as if +he saw Him; he felt there was a world of good and evil beings. He did not +love the good, or hate the evil; but he shrank from the one, and he was +terrified at the other; and he felt himself carried away, against his +will, as the prey of some dreadful, mysterious power, which tyrannised +over him. + +The day had closed--the moon had risen. He plunged into the thickest wood, +and the trees seemed to him to make way for him. Still they seemed to moan +and to creak as they moved out of their place. Soon he began to see that +they were looking at him, and exulting over his misery. They, of an +inferior nature, had had no gift which they could abuse and lose; and they +remained in that honour and perfection in which they were created. Birds +of the night flew out of them, reptiles slunk away; yet soon he began to +be surrounded, wherever he went, by a circle of owls, bats, ravens, crows, +snakes, wild cats, and apes, which were always looking at him, but somehow +made way, retreating before him, and yet forming again, and in order, as +he marched along. + +He had passed through the wing of the forest which he had entered, and +penetrated into the more mountainous country. He ascended the heights; he +was a taller, stronger man than he had been; he went forward with a +preternatural vigour, and flourished his arms with the excitement of some +vinous or gaseous intoxication. He heard the roar of the wild beasts +echoed along the woody ravines which were cut into the solid mountain +rock, with a reckless feeling, as if he could cope with them. As he passed +the dens of the lion, leopard, hyena, jackal, wild boar, and wolf, there +he saw them sitting at the entrance, or stopping suddenly as they prowled +along, and eyeing him, but not daring to approach. He strode along from +rock to rock, and over precipices, with the certainty and ease of some +giant in Eastern fable. Suddenly a beast of prey came across him; in a +moment he had torn up by the roots the stump of a wild vine plant, which +was near him; had thrown himself upon his foe before it could act on the +aggressive, had flung it upon its back, forced the weapon into its mouth, +and was stamping on its chest. He knocked the life out of the furious +animal; and crying "Take that," tore its flesh, and, applying his mouth to +the wound, sucked a draught of its blood. + +He has passed over the mountain, and has descended its side. Bristling +shrubs, swamps, precipitous banks, rushing torrents, are no obstacle to +his course. He has reached the brow of a hill, with a deep placid river at +the foot of it, just as the dawn begins to break. It is a lovely prospect, +which every step he takes is becoming more definite and more various in +the daylight. Masses of oleander, of great beauty, with their red +blossoms, fringed the river, and tracked out its course into the distance. +The bank of the hill below him, and on the right and left, was a maze of +fruit-trees, about which nature, if it were not the hand of man, had had +no thought except that they should be all together there. The wild olive, +the pomegranate, the citron, the date, the mulberry, the peach, the apple, +and the walnut, formed a sort of spontaneous orchard. Across the water, +groves of palm-trees waved their long and graceful branches in the morning +breeze. The stately and solemn ilex, marshalled into long avenues, showed +the way to substantial granges or luxurious villas. The green turf or +grass was spread out beneath, and here and there flocks and herds were +emerging out of the twilight, and growing distinct upon the eye. Elsewhere +the ground rose up into sudden eminences crowned with chesnut woods, or +with plantations of cedar and acacia, or wildernesses of the cork-tree, +the turpentine, the carooba, the white poplar, and the Phenician juniper, +while overhead ascended the clinging tendrils of the hop, and an underwood +of myrtle clothed their stems and roots. A profusion of wild flowers +carpeted the ground far and near. + +Juba stood and gazed till the sun rose opposite to him, envying, repining, +hating, like Satan looking in upon Paradise. The wild mountains, or the +locust-smitten track would have better suited the tumult of his mind. It +would have been a relief to him to have retreated from so fair a scene, +and to have retraced his steps, but he was not his own master, and was +hurried on. Sorely against his determined strong resolve and will, crying +out and protesting and shuddering, the youth was forced along into the +fulness of beauty and blessing with which he was so little in tune. With +rage and terror he recognised that he had no part in his own movements, +but was a mere slave. In spite of himself he must go forward and behold a +peace and sweetness which witnessed against him. He dashed down through +the thick grass, plunged into the water, and without rest or respite began +a second course of aimless toil and travail through the day. + +The savage dogs of the villages howled and fled from him as he passed by; +beasts of burden, on their way to market, which he overtook or met, stood +still, foamed and trembled; the bright birds, the blue jay and golden +oriole, hid themselves under the leaves and grass; the storks, a religious +and domestic bird, stopped their sharp clattering note from the high tree +or farmhouse turret, where they had placed their nests; the very reptiles +skulked away from his shadow, as if it were poisonous. The boors who were +at their labour in the fields suspended it, to look at one whom the Furies +were lashing and whirling on. Hour passed after hour, the sun attained its +zenith, and then declined, but this dreadful compulsory race continued. +Oh, what would he have given for one five minutes of oblivion, of slumber, +of relief from the burning thirst which now consumed him! but the master +within him ruled his muscles and his joints, and the intense pain of +weariness had no concomitant prostration of strength. Suddenly he began to +laugh hideously; and he went forward dancing and singing loud, and playing +antics. He entered a hovel, made faces at the children, till one of them +fell into convulsions, and he ran away with another; and when some country +people pursued him, he flung the child in their faces, saying, "Take +that," and said he was Pentheus, king of Thebes, of whom he had never +heard, about to solemnise the orgies of Bacchus, and he began to spout a +chorus of Greek, a language he had never learnt or heard spoken. + +Now it is evening again, and he has come up to a village grove, where the +rustics were holding a feast in honour of Pan. The hideous brutal god, +with yawning mouth, horned head, and goat's feet, was placed in a rude +shed, and a slaughtered lamb, decked with flowers, lay at his feet. The +peasants were frisking before him, boys and women, when they were startled +by the sight of a gaunt, wild, mysterious figure, which began to dance +too. He flung and capered about with such vigour that they ceased their +sport to look on, half with awe and half as a diversion. Suddenly he began +to groan and to shriek, as if contending with himself, and willing and not +willing some new act; and the struggle ended in his falling on his hands +and knees, and crawling like a quadruped towards the idol. When he got +near, his attitude was still more servile; still groaning and shuddering, +he laid himself flat on the ground, and wriggled to the idol as a worm, +and lapped up with his tongue the mingled blood and dust which lay about +the sacrifice. And then again, as if nature had successfully asserted her +own dignity, he jumped up high in the air, and, falling on the god, broke +him to pieces, and scampered away out of pursuit, before the lookers-on +recovered from their surprise. + +Another restless, fearful night amid the open country; ... but it seemed +as if the worst had passed, and, though still under the heavy chastisement +of his pride, there was now more in Juba of human action and of effectual +will. The day broke, and he found himself on the road to Sicca. The +beautiful outline of the city was right before him. He passed his +brother's cottage and garden; it was a wreck. The trees torn up, the +fences broken down, and the room pillaged of the little that could be +found there. He went on to the city, crying out "Agellius;" the gate was +open, and he entered. He went on to the Forum; he crossed to the house of +Jucundus; few people as yet were stirring in the place. He looked up at +the wall. Suddenly, by the help of projections, and other irregularities +of the brickwork, he mounted up upon the flat roof, and dropped down along +the tiles, through the _impluvium_ into the middle of the house. He went +softly into Agellius's closet, where he was asleep, he roused him with the +name of Callista, threw his tunic upon him, which was by his side, put his +boots into his hands, and silently beckoned him to follow him. When he +hesitated, he still whispered to him "Callista," and at length seized him +and led him on. He unbarred the street door, and with a movement of his +arm, more like a blow than a farewell, thrust him into the street. Then he +barred again the door upon him, and lay down himself upon the bed which +Agellius had left. His good Angel, we may suppose, had gained a point in +his favour, for he lay quiet, and fell into a heavy sleep. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXV. + + + CALLISTA IN DURANCE. + + +We will hope that the reader, as well as Agellius, is attracted by the +word Callista, and wishes to know something about her fate; nay, perhaps +finds fault with us as having suffered him so long to content himself with +the chance and second-hand information which Jucundus or Juba has +supplied. If we have been wanting in due consideration for him, we now +trust to make up for it. + +When Callista, then, had so boldly left the cottage to stop the intruders, +she had in one important point reckoned without her host. She spoke Latin +fluently, herself, and could converse with the townspeople, most of whom +could do the same; but it was otherwise with the inhabitants of the +country, numbers of whom, as we have said, were in Sicca on the day of the +outbreak. The two fellows, whom she went out to withstand, knew neither +her nor the Latin tongue. They were of a race which called itself +Canaanite, and really was so; huge, gigantic men, who looked like the sons +of Enac, described in Holy Writ. They knew nothing of roads or fences, and +had scrambled up the hill as they could, the shortest way, and, being free +from the crowd, with far more expedition than had they followed the beaten +track. She and they could not understand each other's speech; but her +appearance spoke for her, and, in consequence, they seized on her as their +share of the booty, and without more ado, carried her off towards Sicca. +As they came up by a route of their own, so they returned, and entered the +city by a gate more to the south, not the Septimian; a happy circumstance, +as otherwise she would have stood every chance of being destroyed in that +wholesale massacre which the soldiery inflicted on the crowd as it +returned. + +These giants, then, got possession of Callista, and she entered Sicca upon +the shoulder of one of them, who danced in with no greater inconvenience +than if he was carrying on it a basket of flowers, or a box of millinery. +Here the party met with the city police, who were stationed at the gate. + +"Down with your live luggage, you rascals," they said, in their harsh +Punic; "what have you to do with plunder of this kind? and how came you by +her?" + +"She's one of those Christian rats, your worship," answered the fellow, +who, strong as he was, did not relish a contest with some dozen of armed +men. "Long live the Emperor! We'll teach her to eat asses' heads another +time, and brew fevers. I found her with a party of Christians. She's +nothing but a witch, and she knows the consequences." + +"Let her go, you drunken animal!" said the constable, still keeping his +distance. "I'll never believe any woman is a Christian, let alone so young +a one. And now I look at her, so far as I can see by this light, I think +she's priestess of one of the great temples up there." + +"She can turn herself into anything," said the other of her capturers, +"young or old. I saw her one night near Madaura, a month ago, in the tombs +in the shape of a black cat." + +"Away with you both, in the name of the Suffetes of Sicca and all the +magistracy!" cried the official. "Give up your prisoner to the authorities +of the place, and let the law take its course." + +But the Canaanites did not seem disposed to give her up, and neither party +liking to attack the other, a compromise took place. "Well," said the +guardian of the night, "the law must be vindicated, and the peace +preserved. My friends, you must submit to the magistrates. But since she +happens to be on your shoulder, my man, let her even remain there, and we +depute you, as a beast of burden, to carry her for us, thereby to save us +the trouble. Here, child," he continued, "you're our prisoner; so you +shall plead your own cause in the _popina_ there. Long live Decius, pious +and fortunate! Long live this ancient city, colony and municipium! Cheer +up, my lass, and sing us a stave or two, as we go; for I'll pledge a +_cyathus_ of unmixed, that, if you choose, you can warble notes as sweet +as the manna gum." + +Callista was silent, but she was perfectly collected, and ready to avail +herself of any opportunity to better her condition. They went on towards +the Forum, where a police-office, as we now speak, was situated, but did +not reach it without an adventure. The Roman military force at Sicca was +not more than a century of men; the greater number were at this moment at +the great gate, waiting for the mob; a few, in parties of three and four, +were patrolling the city. Several of these were at the entrance of the +Forum when the party came up to it; and it happened that a superior +officer, who was an assistant to what may be called the military resident +of the place, a young man, on whom much of the duty of the day had +devolved, was with the soldiers. She had known him as a friend of her +brother's, and recognised him in the gloom, and at once took advantage of +the meeting. + +"Help," she said, "gentlemen! help, Calphurnius! these rascals are +carrying me off to some den of their own." + +The tribune at once knew her voice. "What!" he cried, with great +astonishment, "what, my pretty Greek! You most base, infamous, and +unmannerly scoundrels, down with her this instant! What have you to do +with that young lady? You villains, unless you would have me crack your +African skulls with the hilt of my sword, down with her, I say!" + +There was no resisting a Roman voice, but prompt obedience is a rarity, +and the ruffians began to parley. "My noble master," said the constable, +"she's our prisoner. Jove preserve you, and Bacchus and Ceres bless you, +my lord tribune! and long life to the Emperor Decius in these bad times. +But she is a rioter, my lord, one of the ringleaders, and a Christian and +a witch to boot." + +"Cease your vile gutturals, you animal!" cried the officer, "or I will ram +them down your throat with my pike to digest them. Put down the lady, +beast. Are you thinking twice about it? Go, Lucius," he said to a private, +"kick him away, and bring the woman here." + +Callista was surrendered, but the fellow, sullen at the usage he had met +with, and spiteful against Calphurnius, as the cause of it, cried out +maliciously, "Mind what you are at, noble sir, it's not our affair; you +can fry your own garlic. But an Emperor is an Emperor, and an Edict is an +Edict, and a Christian is a Christian; and I don't know what high places +will say to it, but it's your affair. Take notice," he continued, as he +got to a safer distance, raising his voice still higher, that the soldiers +might hear, "yon girl is a Christian priestess, caught in a Christian +assembly, sacrificing asses and eating children for the overthrow of the +Emperor, and the ruin of his loyal city of Sicca, and I have been +interrupted in the discharge of my duty--I, a constable of the place. See +whether Calphurnius will not bring again upon us the plague, the murrain, +the locusts, and all manner of _larvae_ and _maniae_ before the end of the +story." + +This speech perplexed Calphurnius, as it was intended. It was impossible +he could dispose of Callista as he wished, with such a charge formally +uttered in the presence of his men. He knew how serious the question of +Christianity was at that moment, and how determined the Imperial +Government was on the eradication of its professors; he was a good +soldier, devoted to head-quarters, and had no wish to compromise himself +with his superiors, or to give bystanders an advantage over him, by +setting a prisoner at liberty without inquiry, who had been taken in a +Christian's house. He muttered an oath, and said to the soldiers, "Well, +my lads, to the Triumviri with her, since it must be so. Cheer up, my star +of the morning, bright beam of Hellas, it is only as a matter of form, and +you will be set at liberty as soon as they look on you." And with these +words he led the way to the _Officium_. + +But the presiding genius of the _Officium_ was less accommodating than he +had anticipated. It might be that he was jealous of the soldiery, or of +their particular interference, or indignant at the butchery at the great +gate, of which the news had just come, or out of humour with the day's +work, and especially with the Christians; at any rate, Calphurnius found +he had better have taken a bolder step, and have carried her as a prisoner +to the camp. However, nothing was now left for him but to depart; and +Callista fell again into the hands of the city, though of the superior +functionaries, who procured her a lodging for the night, and settled to +bring her up for examination next morning. + +The morning came, and she was had up. What passed did not transpire; but +the issue was that she was remanded for a further hearing, and was told +she might send to her brother, and acquaint him where she was. He was +allowed one interview with her, and he came away almost out of his senses, +saying she was bewitched, and fancied herself a Christian. What precisely +she had said to him, which gave this impression, he could hardly say; but +it was plain there must be something wrong, or there would not be that +public process and formal examination which was fixed for the third day +afterwards. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXVI. + + + WHAT CAN IT ALL MEAN? + + +Were the origin of Juba's madness (or whatever the world would call it) of +a character which admitted of light writing about it, much might be said +on the surprise of the clear-headed, narrow-minded, positive, and +easy-going Jucundus, when he found one nephew substituted for another, and +had to give over his wonder at Agellius, in order to commence a series of +acts of amazement and consternation at Juba. He summoned Jupiter and Juno, +Bacchus, Ceres, Pomona, Neptune, Mercury, Minerva, and great Rome, to +witness the marvellous occurrence; and then he had recourse to the +infernal gods, Pluto and Proserpine, down to Cerberus, if he be one of +them; but, after all, there the portent was, in spite of all the deities +which Olympus, or Arcadia, or Latium ever bred; and at length it had a +nervous effect upon the old gentleman's system, and, for the first evening +after it, he put all his good things from him, and went to bed supperless +and songless. What had been Juba's motive in the exploit which so +unpleasantly affected his uncle, it is of course quite impossible to say. +Whether his mention of Callista's name was intended to be for the benefit +of her soul, or the ruin of Agellius's, must be left in the obscurity in +which the above narrative presents it to us; so far alone is certain, +though it does not seem to throw light on the question, that, on his +leaving his uncle's house in the course of the forenoon, which he did, +without being pressed to stay, he was discovered prancing and +gesticulating in the neighbourhood of Callista's prison, so as to excite +the attention of the _apparitor_, or constable, who guarded the entrance, +and who, alarmed at his wildness, sent for some of his fellows, and, with +their assistance, repelled the intruder, who, thereupon, scudding out at +the eastern gate, was soon lost in the passes of the mountain. + +To one thing, however, we may pledge ourselves, that Juba had no intention +of shaking, even for one evening, the nerves of Jucundus; yet shaken they +were till about the same time twenty-four hours afterwards. And when in +that depressed state, he saw nothing but misery on all sides of him. Juba +was lost; Agellius worse. Of course, he had joined himself to his sect, +and he should never see him again; and how should he ever hold up his +head? Well, he only hoped Agellius would not be boiled in a caldron, or +roasted at a slow fire. If this were done, he positively must leave Sicca, +and the most thriving trade which any man had in the whole of the +Proconsulate. And then that little Callista! Ah!--what a real calamity was +there! Anyhow he had lost her, and what should he do for a finisher of his +fine work in marble, or metal? She was a treasure in herself. Altogether +the heavens were very dark; and it was scarcely possible for any one who +knew well his jovial cast of countenance, to keep from laughing, whatever +his real sympathy, at the unusual length and blankness which were suddenly +imposed upon it. + +While he sat thus at his shop window, which, as it were, framed him for +the contemplation of passers-by, on the day of the escape of Agellius, and +the day before Callista's public examination, Aristo rushed in upon him in +a state of far more passionate and more reasonable grief. He had called, +indeed, the day before, but he found a pleasure in expending his distress +upon others, and he came again to get rid of its insupportable weight by +discharging it in a torrent of tears and exclamations. However, at first +the words of both "moved slow," as the poet says, and went off in a sort +of dropping fire. + +"Well," said Jucundus, in a depressed tone; "he's not come to _you_, of +course?" + +"Who?" + +"Agellius." + +"Oh! Agellius! No, he's not with me." Then, after a pause, Aristo added, +"Why should he be?" + +"Oh, I don't know. I thought he might be. He's been gone since early +morning." + +"Indeed! No, I don't know where he is. How came he with you?" + +"I told you yesterday; but you have forgotten. I was sheltering him; but +he's gone for ever." + +"Indeed!" + +"And his brother's mad!--horribly mad!" and he slapped his hand against his +thigh. + +"I always thought it," answered Aristo. + +"Did you? Yes, so it is; but it's very different from what it ever was. +The furies have got hold of him with a vengeance! He's frantic! Oh, if you +had seen him! Two boys, both mad! It's all the father!" + +"I thought you'd like to hear something about dear, sweet Callista," said +her brother. + +"Yes, I should indeed!" answered Jucundus. "By Esculapius! they're all mad +together!" + +"Well, it is like madness!" cried Aristo, with great vehemence. + +"The world's going mad!" answered Jucundus, who was picking up, since he +began to talk, an exercise which was decidedly good for him. "We are _all_ +going mad! _I_ shall get crazed. The townspeople are crazed already. What +an abominable, brutal piece of business was that three days ago! I put up +my shutters. Did it come near you?--all on account of one or two beggarly +Christians, and my poor boy. What harm could two or three, toads and +vipers though they be, do here? They might have been trodden down easily. +It's another thing at Carthage. Catch the ringleaders, I say; make +examples. The foxes escape, and our poor ganders suffer!" + +Aristo, pierced with his own misery, had no heart or head to enter into +the semi-political ideas of Jucundus, who continued,-- + +"Yes, it's no good. The empire's coming to pieces, mark my words! I told +you so, if those beasts were let alone. They _have_ been let alone. +Remedies are too late. Decius will do no good. No one's safe! Farewell, my +friends! I am going. Like poor dear Callista, I shall be in prison, and, +like her, find myself dumb!... Ah! yes, Callista; how did you find her?" + +"O dear, sweet, suffering girl!" cried her brother. + +"Yes, indeed!" answered Jucundus; "yes!" meditatively. "She _is_ a dear, +sweet, suffering girl! I thought he might perhaps have taken her off--that +was my hope. He was so set upon hearing where she was, whether she could +be got out. It struck me he had made the best of his way to _her_. She +could do anything with him. And she loved him, she did!--I'm convinced of +it!--nothing shall convince me otherwise! 'Bring them together,' I said, +'and they will rush into each other's arms.' But they're bewitched!--The +whole world's bewitched! Mark my words,--I have an idea who is at the +bottom of this." + +"Oh!" groaned out Aristo; "I care not for top or bottom!--I care not for +the whole world, or for anything at all but Callista! If you could have +seen the dear, patient sufferer!" and the poor fellow burst into a flood +of tears. + +"Bear up! bear up!" said Jucundus, who by this time was considerably +better; "show yourself a man, my dear Aristo. These things must be;--they +are the lot of human nature. You remember what the tragedian says: stay! +no!--it's the comedian,--it's Menander"---- + +"To Orcus and Erebus with all the tragedy and comedy that ever was +spouted!" exclaimed Aristo. "Can you do nothing for me? Can't you give me +a crumb of consolation or sympathy, encouragement or suggestion? I am a +stranger in the country, and so is this dear sister of mine, whom I was so +proud of; and who has been so good, and kind, and gentle, and sweet. She +loved me so much, she never grudged me anything; she let me do just what I +would with her. Come here, go there,--it was just as I would. There we +were, two orphans together, ten years since, when I was double her age. +She wished to stay in Greece; but she came to this detestable Africa all +for me. She would be gay and bright when I would have her so. She had no +will of her own; and she set her heart upon nothing, and was pleased +anywhere. She had not an enemy in the world. I protest she is worth all +the gods and goddesses that ever were hatched! And here, in this +ill-omened Africa, the evil eye has looked at her, and she thinks herself +a Christian, when she is just as much a hippogriff, or a chimaera." + +"Well, but, Aristo," said Jucundus, "I was going to tell you who is at the +bottom of it all. Callista's mad; Agellius is mad; Juba is mad; and Strabo +was mad;--but it was his wife, old Gurta, that drove him mad;--and there, I +think, is the beginning of our troubles.----Come in! come in, Cornelius!" he +cried, seeing his Roman friend outside, and relapsing for the moment into +his lugubrious tone; "Come in, Cornelius, and give us some comfort, if you +can. Well, this is like a friend! I know if you can help me, you will." + +Cornelius answered that he was going back to Carthage in a day or two, and +came to embrace him, and had hoped to have a parting supper before he +went. + +"That's kind!" answered Jucundus: "but first tell me all about this +dreadful affair; for you are in the secrets of the Capitol. Have they any +clue what has become of my poor Agellius?" + +Cornelius had not heard of the young man's troubles, and was full of +consternation at the news. + +"What! Agellius really a Christian?" he said, "and at such a moment? Why, +I thought you talked of some young lady who was to keep him in order?" + +"She's a Christian too," replied Jucundus; and a silence ensued. "It's a +bad world!" he continued. "She's imprisoned by the Triumviri. What will be +the end of it?" + +Cornelius shook his head, and looked mysterious. + +"You don't mean it?" said Jucundus. "Not anything so dreadful, I do trust, +Cornelius. Not the stake?" + +Cornelius still looked gloomy and pompous. + +"Nothing in the way of torture?" he went on; "not the rack, or the +pitchfork?" + +"It's a bad business, on your own showing," said Cornelius: "it's a bad +business!" + +"Can you do nothing for us, Cornelius?" cried Aristo. "The great people in +Carthage are your friends. O Cornelius! I'd do anything for you!--I'd be +your slave! She's no more a Christian than great Jove. She has nothing +about her of the cut;--not a shred of her garment, or a turn of her hair. +She's a Greek from head to foot--within and without. She's as bright as the +day! Ah! we have no friends here. Dear Callista! you will be lost because +you are a foreigner!" and the passionate youth began to tear his hair. "O +Cornelius!" he continued, "if you can do anything for us! Oh! she shall +sing and dance to you; she shall come and kneel down to you, and embrace +your knees, and kiss your feet, as I do, Cornelius!" and he knelt down, +and would have taken hold of Cornelius's beard. + +Cornelius had never been addressed with so poetical a ceremonial, which +nevertheless he received with awkwardness indeed, but with satisfaction. +"I hear from you," he said with pomposity, "that your sister is in prison +on suspicion of Christianity. The case is a simple one. Let her swear by +the genius of the Emperor, and she is free; let her refuse it, and the law +must take its course," and he made a slight bow. + +"Well, but she is under a delusion," persisted Aristo, "which cannot last +long. She says distinctly that she is _not_ a Christian, is not that +decisive? but then she won't burn incense; she won't swear by Rome. She +tells me she does not _believe_ in Jupiter, nor I; can anything be more +senseless? It is the act of a mad woman. I say, 'My girl, the question is, +Are you to be brought to shame? are you to die by the public sword? die in +torments?' Oh, I shall go mad as well as she!" he screamed out. "She was +so clever, so witty, so sprightly, so imaginative, so versatile! why, +there's nothing she couldn't do. She could model, paint, play on the lyre, +sing, act. She could work with the needle, she could embroider. She made +this girdle for me. It's all that Agellius, it's Agellius. I beg your +pardon, Jucundus; but it is;" and he threw himself on the ground, and +rolled in the dust. + +"I have been telling our young friend," said Jucundus to Cornelius, "to +exert self-control, and to recollect Menander, 'Ne quid nimis.' Grieving +does no good; but these young fellows, it's no use at all speaking to +them. Do you think you could do anything for us, Cornelius?" + +"Why," answered Cornelius, "since I have been here, I have fallen in with +a very sensible man, and a man of remarkably sound political opinions. He +has a great reputation, he is called Polemo, and is one of the professors +at the Mercury. He seems to me to go to the root of these subjects, and +I'm surprised how well we agreed. He's a Greek, as well as this young +gentleman's sister. I should recommend him to go to Polemo; if any one +could disabuse her mind, it is he." + +"True, true," cried Aristo, starting up, "but, no, _you_ can do it better; +you have power with the government. The Proconsul will listen to you. The +magistrates here are afraid of _him_; _they_ don't wish to touch the poor +girl, not they. But there's such a noise everywhere, and so much ill +blood, and so many spies and informers, and so much mistrust--but why +should it come upon _Callista_? Why should _she_ be a sacrifice? But you'd +oblige the Duumvirs as much as me in getting her out of the scrape. But +what good would it do, if they _took_ her dear life? Only get us the +respite of a month; the delusion would vanish in a month. Get two months, +if you can; or as long as you can, you know. Perhaps they would let us +steal out of the country, and no one the wiser; and no harm to any one. It +was a bad job our coming here." + +"We know nothing at Rome of feelings and intentions, and motives and +distinctions," said Cornelius; "and we know nothing of understandings, +connivances, and evasions. We go by facts; Rome goes by facts. The +question is, What is the fact? Does she burn incense, or does she not? +Does she worship the ass, or does she not? However, we'll see what can be +done." And so he went on, informing the pair of mourners that, as far as +his influence extended, he would do something in behalf both of Agellius +and Callista. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXVII. + + + AM I A CHRISTIAN? + + +The sun had now descended for the last time before the solemn day which +was charged with the fate of Callista, and what was the state of mind of +one who excited such keen interest in the narrow circle within which she +was known? And how does it differ from what it was some weeks before, when +Agellius last saw her? She would have been unable to say herself. "So is +the kingdom of God: as if a man should cast seed into the earth, and +should sleep and rise night and day, and the seed should spring and grow +up, whilst he knoweth not." She might, indeed, have been able afterwards, +on looking back, to say many things of herself; and she would have +recognised that while she was continually differing from herself, in that +she was changing, yet it was not a change which involved contrariety, but +one which expanded itself in (as it were) concentric circles, and only +fulfilled, as time went on, the promise of its beginning. Every day, as it +came, was, so to say, the child of the preceding, the parent of that which +followed; and the end to which she tended could not get beyond the aim +with which she set out. Yet, had she been asked, at the time of which we +speak, where was her principle and her consistency, what was her logic, or +whether she acted on reason, or on impulse, or on feeling, or in fancy, or +in passion, she would have been reduced to silence. What did she know +about herself, but that, to her surprise, the more she thought over what +she heard of Christianity, the more she was drawn to it, and the more it +approved itself to her whole soul, and the more it seemed to respond to +all her needs and aspirations, and the more intimate was her presentiment +that it was true? The longer it remained on her mind as an object, the +more it seemed (unlike the mythology or the philosophy of her country, or +the political religion of Rome) to have an external reality and substance, +which deprived objections to it of their power, and showed them to be at +best but difficulties and perplexities. + +But then again, if she had been asked, what was Christianity, she would +have been puzzled to give an answer. She would have been able to mention +some particular truths which it taught, but neither to give them their +definite and distinct shape, nor to describe the mode in which they were +realised. She would have said, "I believe what has been told me, as from +heaven, by Chione, Agellius, and Caecilius:" and it was clear she could say +nothing else. What the three told her in common and in concord was at once +the measure of her creed and the ground of her acceptance of it. It was +that wonderful unity of sentiment and belief in persons so dissimilar from +each other, so distinct in their circumstances, so independent in their +testimony, which recommended to her the doctrine which they were so +unanimous in teaching. She had long given up any belief in the religion of +her country. As to philosophy, it dwelt only in conjecture and opinion; +whereas the very essence of religion was, as she felt, a recognition of +the worshippers on the part of the Object of it. Religion could not be +without hope. To worship a being who did not speak to us, recognise us, +love us, was not religion. It might be a duty, it might be a merit; but +her instinctive notion of religion was the soul's response to a God who +had taken notice of the soul. It was loving intercourse, or it was a name. +Now the three witnesses who had addressed her about Christianity had each +of them made it to consist in the intimate Divine Presence in the heart. +It was the friendship or mutual love of person with person. Here was the +very teaching which already was so urgently demanded both by her reason +and her heart, which she found nowhere else; which she found existing one +and the same in a female slave, in a country youth, in a learned priest. + +This was the broad impression which they made upon her mind. When she +turned to consider more in detail what it was they taught, or what was +implied in that idea of religion which so much approved itself to her, she +understood them to say that the Creator of heaven and earth, Almighty, +All-good, clothed in all the attributes which philosophy gives Him, the +Infinite, had loved the soul of man so much, and her soul in particular, +that He had come upon earth in the form of a man, and in that form had +gone through sufferings, in order to unite all souls to Him; that He +desired to love, and to be loved; that He had said so; that He had called +on man to love Him, and did actually bring to pass this loving intercourse +of Him and man in those souls who surrendered themselves to Him. She did +not go much further than this; but as much as this was before her mind +morning, noon, and night. It pleaded in her; it importuned her; it would +not be rebuffed. It did not mind her moods, or disgusts, or doubts, or +denials, or dismissals, but came again and again. It rose before her, in +spite of the contempt, reproach, and persecution which the profession of +it involved. It smiled upon her; it made promises to her; it opened +eternal views to her; and it grew upon her convictions in clearness of +perception, in congruity, and in persuasiveness. + +Moreover, the more she thought of Chione, of Agellius, and of Caecilius the +more surely did she discern that this teaching wrought in them a something +which she had not. They had about them a simplicity, a truthfulness, a +decision, an elevation, a calmness, and a sanctity to which she was a +stranger, which spoke to her heart and absolutely overcame her. The image +of Caecilius, in particular, came out prominently and eloquently in her +memory,--not in his words so much as in his manner. In spite of what she +had injuriously said to him, she really felt drawn to worship him, as if +he were the shrine and the home of that Presence to which he bore such +solemn witness. + +O the change, when, as if in punishment for her wild words against him, +she found herself actually in the hands of lawless men, who were as far +below her in sentiment as he was above her! O the change, when she was +dizzied by their brutal vociferations and rapid motion, and that breath +and atmosphere of evil which steamed up from the rankness of their +impiety! O the thankfulness which rose up in her heart, though but vaguely +directed to an object, when she found the repose and quiet, though it was +that of a prison! for young as she was, she had become tired of all things +that were seen, and had no strong desire, except for meditation on the +great truths which she did not know. + +One day passes and then another; and now the morning and the hour is come +when she must appear before the magistrates of Sicca. With dread, with +agitation, she looks forward to the moment. She has not yet a peace within +her. Her peace is the stillness of the room in which she is imprisoned. +She knows it will pass away when she leaves it; she knows that again she +must be in the hands of cruel, godless men, with whom she has no sympathy; +but she has no stay whereon to lean in the terrible trial. Her brother +comes to her: he affects to forget her perverseness or delusion. He comes +to her with a smile, and throws his arms around her; and Callista repels, +from some indescribable feeling, his ardent caress, as if she were no +longer his. He has come to accompany her to court, by an indulgence which +he had obtained; to support her there,--to carry her through, and to take +her back in triumph home. My sister,--why that strange, piteous look upon +thy countenance?--why that paleness of thy cheek?--why that whisper of thy +lips?--why those wistful, gentle pleadings of thine eyes? Sweet eyes, and +brow, and cheek, in which I have ever prided myself! Why so backward?--why +so distant and unfriendly? Am I not come to rescue thee from a place where +thou never shouldst have been?--where thou ne'er shalt be again? Callista, +what is this mystery?--speak! + +Such as this was the mute expostulation conveyed in Aristo's look, and in +the fond grasp of his hand; while treading down forcibly within him his +memory and his fears of her great change, he determined she should be to +him still all that she had ever been. But how altered was that look, and +how relaxed that grasp, when at length her misery found words, and she +said to him in agitation, "My time is short: I want some Christian, a +Christian priest!" + +It was as though she had never shown any tendency before to the proscribed +religion. The words came to him with the intensity of something new and +unimagined hitherto. He clasped his hands in emotion, turned white, and +could but say, "Callista!" If she had made confession of the most heinous +of crimes,--if she had spoken of murder, or some black treachery against +himself,--of some enormity too great for words, it might have been; but his +sister!--his pride and delight, after all and certainly a Christian! Better +far had she said she was leaving him for ever, to abandon herself to the +degrading service of the temples; better had she said she had taken +hemlock, or had an asp in her bosom, than that she should choose to go out +of the world with the tortures, the ignominy, the malediction of the +religion of slaves. + +Time waits for no man, nor does the court of justice, nor the _subsellia_ +of the magistrate. The examination is to be held in the Basilica at the +Forum, and it requires from us a few words of explanation beforehand. The +local magistrates then could only try the lesser offences, and decide +civil suits; cases of suspected Christianity were reserved for the Roman +authorities. Still, preliminary examinations were not unfrequently +conducted by the city Duumvirs, or even in what may be called the police +courts. And this may have especially been the case in the Proconsulates. +Propraetors and Presidents were in the appointment of the Emperor, and +joined in their persons the supreme civil and military authority. Such +provinces, perhaps, were better administered; but there would be more of +arbitrariness in their rule, and it would not be so acceptable to the +ruled. The Proconsuls, on the other hand, were representatives of the +Senate, and had not the military force directly in their hands. The +natural tendency of this arrangement was to create, on the one hand, a +rivalry between the civil and military establishments; and, on the other, +to create a friendly feeling between the Proconsul and the local +magistracy. Thus, not long before the date of this history, we read of +Gordian, the Proconsul, enjoying a remarkable popularity in his African +province; and when the people rose against the exactions of the imperial +Procurator, as referred to in a former page, they chose and supported +Gordian against him. But however this might be in general, so it was at +this time at Sicca, that the Proconsular _Officium_ and the city +magistrates were on a good understanding with each other, whereas there +was some collision between the latter and the military. Not much depends +in the conduct of our story upon this circumstance; but it must be taken +to account for the examination of Callista in the Forum, and for some +other details which may follow before we come to the end of it. + +The populace was collected about the gates and within the ample space of +the Basilica, but they gave expression to no strong feeling on the subject +of a Christian delinquent. The famine, the sickness, and, above all, the +lesson which they had received so lately from the soldiers, had both +diminished their numbers and cowed their spirit. They were sullen, too, +and resentful; and, with the changeableness proverbial in a multitude, had +rather have witnessed the beheading of a magistrate, or the burning of a +tribune, than the torture and death of a dozen of wretched Christians. +Besides, they had had a glut of Christian blood; a reaction of feeling had +taken place, and, in spite of the suspicion of witchcraft, the youth and +the beauty of Callista recommended her to their compassion. + +The magistrates were seated on the _subsellia_, one of the Duumvirs +presiding, in his white robe bordered with purple; his lictors, with +staves, not fasces, standing behind him. In the vestibule of the court, to +confront the prisoner on her first entrance, were the usual instruments of +torture. The charge was one which can only be compared, in the estimation +of both state and people in that day, to that of witchcraft, poisoning, +parricide, or other monstrous iniquity in Christian times. There were the +heavy _boiae_, a yoke for the neck, of iron, or of wood; the fetters; the +_nervi_, or stocks, in which hands and feet were inserted, at distances +from each other which strained or dislocated the joints. There, too, were +the _virgae_, or rods with thorns in them; the _flagra_, _lori_, and +_plumbati_, whips and thongs, cutting with iron or bruising with lead; the +heavy clubs; the hook for digging into the flesh; the _ungula_, said to +have been a pair of scissors; the _scorpio_, and _pecten_, iron combs or +rakes for tearing. And there was the wheel, fringed with spikes, on which +the culprit was stretched; and there was the fire ready lighted, with the +water hissing and groaning in the large caldrons which were placed upon +it. Callista had lost for ever that noble intellectual composure of which +we have several times spoken; she shuddered at what she saw, and almost +fainted, and, while waiting for her summons, leaned heavily against the +merciless _cornicularius_ at her side. + + + +At length the judge began--"Let the servant from the _Officium_ stand +forth." The _officialis_ answered that he had brought a prisoner charged +with Christianity; she had been brought to him by the military on the +night of the riot. + +The _scriba_ then read out the deposition of one of the _stationarii_, to +the effect that he and his fellow-soldiers had received her from the hands +of the civic force on the night in question, and had brought her to the +office of the Triumvirs. + +"Bring forward the prisoner," said the judge; she was brought forward. + +"Here she is," answered the _officialis_, according to the prescribed +form. + +"What is your name?" said the judge. + +She answered, "Callista." + +The judge then asked if she was a freewoman or a slave. + +She answered, "Free; the daughter of Orsilochus, lapidary, of +Proconnesus." + +Some conversation then went on among the magistrates as to her advocate or +_defensor_. Aristo presented himself, but the question arose whether he +was _togatus_. He was known, however, to several magistrates, and was +admitted to stand by his sister. + +Then the _scriba_ read the charge--viz., that Callista was a Christian, and +refused to sacrifice to the gods. + +It was a plain question of fact, which required neither witnesses nor +speeches. At a sign from the Duumvir in came two priests, bringing in +between them the small altar of Jupiter; the charcoal was ready lighted, +the incense at the side, and the judge called to the prisoner to sprinkle +it upon the flame for the good fortune of Decius and his son. All eyes +were turned upon her. + +"I am not a Christian," she said; "I told you so before. I have never been +to a Christian place of worship, nor taken any Christian oath, nor joined +in any Christian sacrifice. And I should lie did I say that I was in any +sense a Christian." + +There was a silence; then the judge said, "Prove your words; there is the +altar, the flame, and the incense; sacrifice to the genius of the +Emperor." + +She said, "What can I do? I am not a Christian." The judges looked at each +other, as much as to say, "It is the old story; it is that inexplicable, +hateful obstinacy, which will neither yield to reason, common sense, +expediency, or fear." + +The Duumvir only repeated the single word, "Sacrifice." + +She stopped awhile; then she came forward with a hurried step. "O my +fate!" she cried, "why was I born? why am I in this strait? I have no god. +What can I do? I am abandoned; why should I not do it?" She stopped; then +she went right on to the altar; she took the incense: suddenly she looked +up to heaven and started, and threw it away. "I cannot! I dare not!" she +cried out. There was a great sensation in court. "Evidently insane," said +some of the more merciful of the Decurions; "poor thing, poor thing!" Her +brother ran up to her; talked to her, conjured her, fell down on his knees +to her; took her hand violently, and would have forced her to offer. In +vain; all he could get from her was, "I am not a Christian; indeed, I am +not a Christian. I have nothing to do with them. O the misery!" + +"She is mad!" cried Aristo; "my lord judges, listen to me. She was seized +by brutal ruffians during the riot, and the fright and shock have overcome +her. Give her time, oh! give her time, and she will get right. She's a +good religious girl; she has done more work for the temples than any girl +in Sicca; half the statues in the city are her finishing. Many of you, my +lords, have her handiwork. She works with me. Do not add to my anguish in +seeing her deranged, by punishing her as a criminal, a Christian: do not +take her from me. Sentence her, and you end the whole matter; give her a +chance, and she will certainly be restored to the gods and to me. Will you +put her to death because she is mad?" + +What was to be done? The court was obsequious to the Proconsul, afraid of +Rome; jealous that the mob should have been more forward than the +magistracy. Had the city moved sooner, as soon as the edict came, there +would have been no rising, no riot. Already they had been called on for a +report about that riot and an explanation; if ever they had need to look +sharp what they were doing, it was now. On the other hand, Callista and +her brother had friends among the judges, as we have said, and their plea +was at once obvious and reasonable. "If she persists, she persists, and +nothing can be said; we don't wish to be disloyal, or careless of the +emperor's commands. If she is obstinate, she must die; but she dies quite +as usefully to us, with quite as much effect, a month hence as now. Not +that we ask you to define a time on your own authority; simply do this, +write to Carthage for advice. The government can answer within an hour, if +it chooses. Merely say, 'Here is a young woman, who has ever been +religious and well conducted, of great accomplishments, and known +especially for her taste and skill in religious art, who since the day of +the riot has suddenly refused to take the test. She can give no reason for +her refusal, and protests she is not a Christian. Her friends say that the +fright has turned her brain, but that if kindly treated and kept quiet, +she will come round, and do all that is required of her. What are we to +do?' " + +At last Callista's friends prevailed. It was decided that the judges +should pass over this examination altogether, as if it had been rendered +informal by Callista's conduct. Had they recognised it as a proper legal +process, they must have sentenced and executed her. Such a decision was of +this further advantage to her, that nothing was altered as to her place of +confinement. Instead of being handed over to the state prison, she +remained in her former lodging, though in custody, and was allowed to see +her friends. There had been very little chance of her recovery, supposing +she was mad, or of ever coming out, if she had once gone into the +formidable _Carcer_. Meanwhile the magistrates sent to Carthage for +instructions. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXVIII. + + + A SICK CALL. + + +Aristo was not a fellow to have very long distresses; he never would have +died of love or of envy, for honour or for loss of property; but his +present calamity was one of the greatest he could ever have, and weighed +upon him as long as ever any one could. His love for his sister was real, +but it would not do to look too closely into the grounds of it; if we are +obliged to do so, we must confess to a suspicion that it lay rather in +certain outward, nay, accidental attributes of Callista, than in Callista +herself. Did she lose her good looks, or her amiable unresisting +submission to his wishes, whatever they were, she would also lose her hold +upon his affections. This is not to make any severe charge against him, +considering how it is with the common run of brothers and sisters, +husbands and wives; at the same time, most people certainly are haunted by +the memory of the past, and love for "Auld lang syne," and this Aristo +might indeed have had, and perhaps had not. He loved chiefly for the +present, and by the hour. + +However, at the present time he was in a state of acute suffering, and, +under its paroxysm, he bethought him again of Cornelius's advice, which he +had rejected, to betake himself to Polemo. He had a distant acquaintance +with him, sufficient for his purpose, and he called on him at the Mercury +after the latter's lecture. Polemo was no fool, though steeped in +affectation and self-conceit, and Aristo fancied that his sister might be +more moved by a philosophical compatriot than any one else. Polemo's +astonishment, however, when the matter was proposed to him surpassed +words, and it showed how utterly Aristo was absorbed in his own misery, +that the possibility of such a reception should not have occurred to him. +What, he, the friend of Plotinus, of Rogatian, and the other noble men and +women who were his fellow-disciples at Rome; he, a member of the +intellectual aristocracy of the metropolis of the world; what, he to visit +a felon in prison! and when he found the felon was a Christian, he fully +thought that Aristo had come to insult him, and was on the point of +bidding him leave him to himself. Aristo, however, persisted; and his +evident anguish, and some particulars which came out, softened him. +Callista was a Greek; a literate, or blue stocking. She had never indeed +worn the philosophic pallium (as some Christian martyrs afterwards, if not +before, have done--St. Catherine and St. Euphemia), but there was no reason +why she should not do so. Polemo recollected having heard of her at the +Capitol, and in the triclinium of one of the Decurions, as a lady of +singular genius and attainments; and he lately had made an attempt to form +a female class of hearers, and it would be a feather in his cap to make a +convert of her. So, not many days after, one evening, accompanied by +Aristo, he set out in his litter to the lodging where she was in custody; +not, however, without much misgiving when it came to the point, some +shame, and a consequent visible awkwardness and stiffness in his manner. +All the perfumes he had about him could not hinder the disgust of such a +visit rising up into his nostrils. + +Callista's room was very well for a prison; it was on the ground-floor of +a house of many stories, close to the _Officium_ of the Triumvirate. +Though not any longer under their strict jurisdiction, she was allowed to +remain where she had first been lodged. She was in one of the rooms +belonging to an apparitor of that _Officium_, and, as he had a wife, or at +least a partner, to take care of her, she might consider herself very well +off. However, the reader must recollect that we are in Africa, in the +month of July, and our young Greek was little used to heats, which made +the whole city nothing less than one vast oven through the greater part of +the twenty-four hours. In lofty spacious apartments the resource adopted +is to exclude the external air, and to live as Greenlanders, with closed +windows and doors; this was both impossible, and would have been +unsuccessful, if attempted in the small apartment of Callista. But fever +of mind is even worse than the heat of the sky; and it is undeniable that +her health, and her strength, and her appearance are affected by both the +physical and the moral enemy. The beauty, which was her brother's delight, +is waning away; and the shadows, if not the rudiments of a diviner +loveliness, which is of expression, not of feature, which inspires not +human passion, but diffuses chaste thoughts and aspirations, are taking +its place. Aristo sees the change with no kind of satisfaction. The room +has a bench, two or three stools, and a bed of rushes in one corner. A +staple is firmly fixed in the wall; and an iron chain, light, however, and +long, if the two ideas can be reconciled, reaches to her slender arm, and +is joined to it by an iron ring. + +On Polemo's entering the room, his first exclamation was to complain of +its closeness; but he had to do a work, so he began it without delay. +Callista, on her part, started; she had no wish for his presence. She was +reclining on her couch, and she sat up. She was not equal to a +controversy, nor did she mean to have one, whatever might be the case with +_him_. + +"Callista, my life and joy, dear Callista," said her brother, "I have +brought the greatest man in Sicca to see you." + +Callista cast upon him an earnest look, which soon subsided into +indifference. He had a rose of Cyrene in his hand, whose perfume he +diffused about the small room. + +"It is Polemo," continued Aristo, "the friend of the great Plotinus, who +knows all philosophies and all philosophers. He has come out of kindness +to you." + +Callista acknowledged his presence; it was certainly, she said, a great +kindness for any one to visit her, and there. + +Polemo replied by a compliment; he said it was Socrates visiting Aspasia. +There had always been women above the standard of their sex, and they had +ever held an intellectual converse with men of mind. He saw one such +before him. + +Callista felt it would be plunging her soul still deeper into shadows, +when she sought realities, if she must take part in such an argument. She +remained silent. + +"Your sister has not the fit upon her?" asked Polemo of Aristo aside, +neither liking her reception of him, nor knowing what to say. "Not at all, +dear thing," answered Aristo; "she is all attention for you to begin." + +"Natives of Greece," at length said he, "natives of Greece should know +each other; they deserve to know each other; there is a secret sympathy +between them. Like that mysterious influence which unites magnet to +magnet; or like the echo which is a repercussion of the original voice. +So, in like manner, Greeks are what none but they can be," and he smelt at +his rose and bowed. + +She smiled faintly when he mentioned Greece. "Yes," she said, "I am fonder +of Greece than of Africa." + +"Each has its advantages," said Polemo; "there is a pleasure in imparting +knowledge, in lighting flame from flame. It would be selfish did we not +leave Greece to communicate what they have not here. But you," he added, +"lady, neither can learn in Greece nor teach in Africa, while you are in +this vestibule of Orcus. I understand, however, it is your own choice; can +that be possible?" + +"Well, I wish to get out, if I could, most learned Polemo," said Callista +sadly. + +"May Polemo of Rhodes speak frankly to Callista of Proconnesus?" asked +Polemo. "I would not speak to every one. If so, let me ask, what keeps you +here?" + +"The magistrates of Sicca and this iron chain," answered Callista. "I +would I could be elsewhere; I would I were not what I am." + +"What could you wish to be more than you are?" answered Polemo; "more +gifted, accomplished, beautiful than any daughter of Africa." + +"Go to the point, Polemo," said Aristo, nervously, though respectfully; +"she wants home-thrusts." + +"I see my brother wants you to ask how far it depends on me that I am +here," said Callista, wishing to hasten his movements; "it is because I +will not burn incense upon the altar of Jupiter." + +"A most insufficient reason, lady," said Polemo. + +Callista was silent. + +"What does that action mean?" said Polemo; "it proposes to mean nothing +else than that you are loyal to the Roman power. You are not of those +Greeks, I presume, who dream of a national insurrection at this time? then +you are loyal to Rome. Did I believe a Leonidas could now arise, an +Harmodius, a Miltiades, a Themistocles, a Pericles, an Epaminondas, I +should be as ready to take the sword as another; but it is hopeless. +Greece, then, makes no claim on you just now. Nor will I believe, though +you were to tell me so yourself, that you are leagued with any obscure, +fanatic sect who desire Rome's downfall. Consider what Rome is;" and now +he had got into the magnificent commonplace, out of his last panegyrical +oration with which he had primed himself before he set out. "I am a +Greek," he said, "I love Greece, but I love truth better; and I look at +facts. I grasp them, and I confess to them. The wide earth, through untold +centuries, has at length grown into the imperial dominion of One. It has +converged and coalesced in all its various parts into one Rome. This, +which we see, is the last, the perfect state of human society. The course +of things, the force of natural powers, as is well understood by all great +lawyers and philosophers, cannot go further. Unity has come at length, and +unity is eternity. It will be for ever, because it is a whole. The +principle of dissolution is eliminated. We have reached the _apotelesma_ +of the world. Greece, Egypt, Assyria, Libya, Etruria, Lydia, have all had +their share in the result. Each of them, in its own day, has striven in +vain to stop the course of fate, and has been hurried onwards at its +wheels as its victim or its instrument. And shall Judaea do what profound +Egypt and subtle Greece have tried in vain? If even the freedom of +thought, the liberal scepticism, nay, the revolutionary theories of Hellas +have proved unequal to the task of splitting up the Roman power, if the +pomp and luxury of the East have failed, shall the mysticism of Syria +succeed?" + +"Well, dear Callista, are you listening?" cried Aristo, not over-confident +of the fact, though Polemo looked round at him with astonishment. + +"Ten centuries," he continued, "ten centuries have just been completed +since Rome began her victorious career. For ten centuries she has been +fulfilling her high mission in the dispositions of Destiny, and perfecting +her maxims of policy and rules of government. For ten centuries she has +pursued one track with an ever-growing intensity of zeal, and an +ever-widening extent of territory. What can she not do? just one thing; +and that one thing which she has not presumed to do, you are attempting. +She has maintained her own religion, as was fitting; but she has never +thrown contempt on the religion of others. This you are doing. Observe, +Callista, Rome herself, in spite of her great power, has yielded to that +necessity which is greater. She does not meddle with the religions of the +peoples. She has opened no war against their diversities of rite. The +conquering power found, especially in the East, innumerable traditions, +customs, prejudices, principles, superstitions, matted together in one +hopeless mass; she left them as they were; she recognised them; it would +have been the worse for her if she had done otherwise. All she said to the +peoples, all she dared say to them, was, 'You bear with me, and I will +bear with you.' Yet this you will not do; you Christians, who have no +pretence to any territory, who are not even the smallest of the peoples, +who are not even a people at all, you have the fanaticism to denounce all +other rites but your own, nay, the religion of great Rome. Who are you? +upstarts and vagabonds of yesterday. Older religions than yours, more +intellectual, more beautiful religions, which have had a position, and a +history, and a political influence, have come to nought; and shall you +prevail, you, a _congeries_, a hotch-potch of the leavings, and scraps, +and broken meat of the great peoples of the East and West? Blush, blush, +Grecian Callista, you with a glorious nationality of your own to go shares +with some hundred peasants, slaves, thieves, beggars, hucksters, tinkers, +cobblers, and fishermen! A lady of high character, of brilliant +accomplishments, to be the associate of the outcasts of society!" + +Polemo's speech, though cumbrous, did execution, at least the termination +of it, upon minds constituted like the Grecian. Aristo jumped up, swore an +oath, and looked round triumphantly at Callista, who felt its force also. +After all, what did she know of Christians?--at best she was leaving the +known for the unknown: she was sure to be embracing certain evil for +contingent good. She said to herself, "No, I never can be a Christian." +Then she said aloud, "My Lord Polemo, I am not a Christian;--I never said I +was." + +"That is her absurdity!" cried Aristo. "She is neither one thing nor the +other. She won't say she's a Christian, and she won't sacrifice!" + +"It is my misfortune," she said, "I know. I am losing both what I see, and +what I don't see. It is most inconsistent: yet what can I do?" + +Polemo had said what he considered enough. He was one of those who sold +his words. He had already been over-generous, and was disposed to give +away no more. + +After a time, Callista said, "Polemo, do you believe in one God?" + +"Certainly," he answered; "I believe in one eternal, self-existing +something." + +"Well," she said, "I feel that God within my heart. I feel myself in His +presence. He says to me, 'Do this: don't do that,' You may tell me that +this dictate is a mere law of my nature, as is to joy or to grieve. I +cannot understand this. No, it is the echo of a person speaking to me. +Nothing shall persuade me that it does not ultimately proceed from a +person external to me. It carries with it its proof of its divine origin. +My nature feels towards it as towards a person. When I obey it, I feel a +satisfaction; when I disobey, a soreness--just like that which I feel in +pleasing or offending some revered friend. So you see, Polemo, I believe +in what is more than a mere 'something.' I believe in what is more real to +me than sun, moon, stars, and the fair earth, and the voice of friends. +You will say, Who is He? Has He ever told you anything about Himself? +Alas! no!--the more's the pity! But I will not give up what I have, because +I have not more. An echo implies a voice; a voice a speaker. That speaker +I love and I fear." + +Here she was exhausted, and overcome too, poor Callista! with her own +emotions. + +"O that I could find Him!" she exclaimed, passionately. "On the right hand +and on the left I grope, but touch Him not. Why dost Thou fight against +me?--why dost Thou scare and perplex me, O First and Only Fair? I have Thee +not, and I need Thee." She added, "I am no Christian, you see, or I should +have found Him; or at least I should say I had found Him." + +"It is hopeless," said Polemo to Aristo, in much disgust, and with some +hauteur of manner: "she is too far gone. You should not have brought me to +this place." + +Aristo groaned. + +"Shall I," she continued, "worship any but Him? Shall I say that He whom I +see not, whom I seek, is our Jupiter, or Caesar, or the goddess Rome? They +are none of them images of this inward guide of mine. I sacrifice to Him +alone." + +The two men looked at each other in amazement: one of them in anger. + +"It's like the demon of Socrates," said Aristo, timidly. + +"I will acknowledge Caesar in every fitting way," she repeated; "but I will +not make him my God." + +Presently she added, "Polemo, will not that invisible Monitor have +something to say to all of us,--to you,--at some future day?" + +"Spare me! spare me, Callista!" cried Polemo, starting up with a violence +unsuited to his station and profession. "Spare my ears, unhappy +woman!--such words have never hitherto entered them. I did not come to be +insulted. Poor, blind, hapless, perverse spirit--I separate myself from you +for ever! Desert, if you will, the majestic, bright, beneficent traditions +of your forefathers, and live in this frightful superstition! Farewell!" + +He did not seem better pleased with Aristo than with Callista, though +Aristo helped him into his litter, walked by his side, and did what he +could to propitiate him. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXIX. + + + CONVERSION. + + +If there is a state of mind utterly forlorn, it is that in which we left +the poor prisoner after Polemo had departed. She was neither a Christian, +nor was she not. She was in the midway region of inquiry, which as surely +takes time to pass over, except there be some almost miraculous +interference, as it takes time to walk from place to place. You see a +person coming towards you, and you say, impatiently, "Why don't you come +faster?--why are you not here already?" Why?--because it takes time. To see +that heathenism is false,--to see that Christianity is true,--are two acts, +and involve two processes. They may indeed be united, and the truth may +supplant the error; but they may not. Callista obeyed, as far as truth was +brought home to her. She saw the vanity of idols before she had faith in +Him who came to destroy them. She could safely say, "I discard Jupiter:" +she could not say, "I am a Christian." Besides, what did she know of +Christians? How did she know that they would admit her, if she wished it? +They were a secret society, with an election, an initiation, and +oaths;--not a mere philosophical school, or a profession of opinion, open +to any individual. If they were the good people that she fancied them to +be,--and if they were not, she would not think of them at all,--they were +not likely to accept of her. + +Still, though we may account for her conduct, its issue was not, on that +account, the less painful. She had neither the promise of this world, nor +of the next, and was losing earth without gaining heaven. Our Lord is +reported to have said, "Be ye good money-changers." Poor Callista did not +know how to turn herself to account. It had been so all through her short +life. She had ardent affections, and keen sensibilities, and high +aspirations; but she was not fortunate in the application of them. She had +put herself into her brother's hands, and had let him direct her course. +It could not be expected that he would be very different from the world. +We are cautioned against "rejoicing in our youth." Aristo rejoiced in his +without restraint; and he made his sister rejoice in hers, if enjoyment it +was. He himself found in the pleasures he pointed out a banquet of +fruits:--she dust and ashes. And so she went on; not changing her life, +from habit, from the captivity of nature, but weary, disappointed, +fastidious, hungry, yet not knowing what she would have; yearning after +something, she did not well know what. And as heretofore she had cast her +lot with the world, yet had received no price for her adhesion, so now she +had bid it farewell; yet had nothing to take in its place. + +As to her brother, after the visit of Polemo, he got more and more +annoyed--angry rather than distressed, and angry with her. One more +opportunity occurred of her release, and it was the last effort he made to +move her. Cornelius, in spite of his pomposity, had acted the part of a +real friend. He wrote from Carthage, that he had happily succeeded in his +application to government, and, difficult and unusual as was the grace, +had obtained her release. He sent the formal documents for carrying it +through the court, and gained the eager benediction of the excitable +Aristo. He rushed with the parchments to the magistrates, who recognised +them as sufficient, and got an order for admission to her room. + +"Joy, my dearest," he cried; "you are free! We will leave this loathsome +country by the first vessel. I have seen the magistrates already." + +The colour came into her wan face, she clasped her hands together, and +looked earnestly at Aristo. He proceeded to explain the process of +liberation. She would not be called on to sacrifice, but must sign a +writing to the effect that she had done so, and there would be an end of +the whole matter. On the first statement she saw no difficulty in the +proposal, and started up in animation. Presently her countenance fell; how +could she say that she had done what it was treason to her inward Guide to +do? What was the difference between acknowledging a blasphemy by a +signature or by incense? She smiled sorrowfully at him, shook her head, +and lay down again upon her rushes. She had anticipated the Church's +judgment on the case of the _Libellatici_. + +Aristo could not at first believe he heard aright, that she refused to be +saved by what seemed to him a matter of legal form; and his anger grew so +high as to eclipse and to shake his affection. "Lost girl," he cried, "I +abandon you to the Furies!" and he shook his clenched hand at her. He +turned away, and said he would never see her again, and he kept his word. +He never came again. He took refuge, with less restraint than was usual to +him, in such pleasures as the city could supply, and strove to drive his +sister from his mind by dissipation. He mixed in the games of the Campus +Martius under the shadow of the mountain; took part with the revellers in +the Forum, and ended the evening at the Thermae. Sometimes the image of +dear Callista, as once she looked, would rush into his mind with a force +which would not be denied, and he would weep for a whole night. + +At length he determined to destroy himself, after the example of so many +great men. He gave a sumptuous entertainment, expending his means upon it, +and invited his friends to partake of it. It passed off with great gaiety; +nothing was wanting to make it equal to an occasion so special and +singular. He disclosed to his guests his purpose, and they applauded; the +last libations were made--the revellers departed--the lights were +extinguished. Aristo disappeared that night: Sicca never saw him again. +After some time it was found that he was at Carthage, and he had been +provident enough to take with him some of his best working tools, and some +specimens of his own and poor Callista's skill. + +Strange to say, Jucundus proved a truer friend to the poor girl than her +brother. In spite of his selfishness and hatred of Christians, he was +considerably affected as her case got more and more serious, and it became +evident that only one answer could be returned to the magistrates from +Carthage. He was quite easy about Agellius, who had, as he considered, +successfully made off with himself, and he was reconciled to the thought +of never seeing him again. Had it not been for this, one might have +fancied that some lurking anxiety about the fate of his nephew might have +kept alive the fidget which Callista's dismal situation gave him, for the +philosopher tells us, that pity always has something in it of self; but, +under the circumstances, it would be rash judgment to have any such +suspicion of his motives. He was not a cruel man: even the "hoary-headed +Fabian," or Cyprian, or others whom he so roundly abused, would have +found, when it came to the point, that his bluster was his worst weapon +against them; at any rate he had enough of the "milk of human kindness" to +feel considerable distress about that idiotic Callista. + +Yet what could he do? He might as well stop the passage of the sun, as the +movements of mighty Rome, and a rescript would be coming to a certainty in +due time from Carthage, and would just say one thing, which would +forthwith be passing into the region of fact. He had no one to consult, +and to tell the truth, Callista's fate was more than acquiesced in by the +public of Sicca. Her death seemed a solution of various perplexities and +troubles into which the edict had brought them; it would be purchasing the +praise of loyalty cheaply. Moreover, there were sets of men actually +hostile to her and her brother; the companies of statuaries, lapidaries, +and goldsmiths, were jealous of foreign artists like them, who showed +contempt for Africa, and who were acquainted, or rather intimate, with +many of the higher classes, and even high personages in the place. Well, +but could not some of those great people help her now? His mind glanced +towards Calphurnius, whom he had heard of as in some way or other +protecting her on the evening of the riot, and to him he determined to +betake himself. + +Calphurnius and the soldiery were still in high dudgeon with the populace +of Sicca, displeased with the magistrates, and full of sympathy for +Callista. Jucundus opened his mind fully to the tribune, and persuaded him +to take him to Septimius, his military superior, and in the presence of +the latter many good words were uttered both by Calphurnius and Jucundus. +Jucundus gave it as his opinion that it was a very great mistake to strike +at any but the leaders of the Christian sect; he quoted the story of King +Tarquin and the poppies, and assured the great man that it was what he had +always said and always prophesied, and that, depend upon it, it was a +great mistake not to catch Cyprianus. + +"The strong arm of the law," he said, "should not, on the other hand, be +put forth against such butterflies as this Callista, a girl who, he knew +from her brother, had not yet seen eighteen summers. What harm could such +a poor helpless thing possibly do? She could not even defend herself, much +less attack anybody else. No," he continued, "your proper policy with +these absurd people is a smiling face and an open hand. Recollect the +fable of the sun and the wind; which made the traveller lay aside his +cloak? Do you fall in with some sour-visaged, stiff-backed worshipper of +the Furies? fill his cup for him, crown his head with flowers, bring in +the flute-women. Observe him--he relaxes; a smile spreads on his +countenance; he laughs at a jest; 'captus est; habet:' he pours a +libation. Great Jove has conquered! he is loyal to Rome; what can you +desire more? But beat him, kick him, starve him, turn him out of doors; +and you have a natural enemy to do you a mischief whenever he can." + +Calphurnius took his own line, and a simple one. "If it was some vile +slave or scoundrel African," he said, "no harm would have been done; but, +by Jupiter Tonans, it's a Greek girl, who sings like a Muse, dances like a +Grace, and spouts verses like Minerva. 'Twould be sacrilege to touch a +hair of her head; and we forsooth are to let these cowardly dogs of +magistrates entrap Fortunianus at Carthage into this solecism." + +Septimius said nothing, as became a man in office; but he came to an +understanding with his visitors. It was plain that the Duumvirs of Sicca +had no legal custody of Callista; in a criminal matter she might seem to +fall under the jurisdiction of the military; and Calphurnius gained leave +to claim his right at the proper moment. The rest of his plan the tribune +kept to himself, nor did Septimius wish to know it. He intended to march a +guard into the prison shortly before Callista was brought out for +execution, and then to make it believed that she had died under the +horrors of the Barathrum. The corpse of another woman could without +difficulty be found to be her representative, and she herself would be +carried off to the camp. + + + +Meanwhile, to return to the prisoner herself, what was the consolation, +what the occupation of Callista in this waiting time, ere the Proconsul +had sent his answer? Strange to say, and, we suppose, from a sinful +waywardness in her, she had, up to this moment, neglected to avail herself +of a treasure, which by a rare favour had been put into her possession. A +small parchment, carefully written, elaborately adorned, lay in her bosom, +which might already have been the remedy of many a perplexity, many a woe. +It is difficult to say under what feelings she had been reluctant to open +the Holy Gospel, which Caecilius had intrusted to her care. Whether she was +so low and despondent that she could not make the effort, or whether she +feared to convince herself further, or whether she professed to be waiting +for some calmer time, as if that were possible, or whether her +unwillingness was that which makes sick people so averse to eating, or to +remedies which they know would be useful to them, cannot well be +determined; but there are many of us who may be able, from parallel +instances of infirmity, to enter into that state of mind, which led her at +least to procrastinate what she might do any minute. However, now left +absolutely to herself, Aristo gone, and the answer of the government to +the magistracy not having yet come, she recurred to the parchment, and to +the Bishop's words, which ran, "Here you will see who it is we love," or +language to that effect. It was tightly lodged under her girdle, and so +had escaped in the confusion of that terrible evening. She opened it at +length and read. + +It was the writing of a provincial Greek; elegant, however, and marked +with that simplicity which was to her taste the elementary idea of a +classic author. It was addressed to one Theophilus, and professed to be a +carefully digested and verified account of events which had been already +attempted by others. She read a few paragraphs, and became interested, and +in no long time she was absorbed in the volume. When she had once taken it +up, she did not lay it down. Even at other times she would have prized it, +but now, when she was so desolate and lonely, it was simply a gift from an +unseen world. It opened a view of a new state and community of beings, +which only seemed too beautiful to be possible. But not into a new state +of things alone, but into the presence of One who was simply distinct and +removed from anything that she had, in her most imaginative moments, ever +depicted to her mind as ideal perfection. Here was that to which her +intellect tended, though that intellect could not frame it. It could +approve and acknowledge, when set before it, what it could not originate. +Here was He who spoke to her in her conscience; whose Voice she heard, +whose Person she was seeking for. Here was He who kindled a warmth on the +cheek of both Chione and Agellius. That image sank deep into her; she felt +it to be a reality. She said to herself, "This is no poet's dream; it is +the delineation of a real individual. There is too much truth and nature, +and life and exactness about it, to be anything else." Yet she shrank from +it; it made her feel her own difference from it, and a feeling of +humiliation came upon her mind, such as she never had had before. She +began to despise herself more thoroughly day by day; yet she recollected +various passages in the history which reassured her amid her +self-abasement, especially that of His tenderness and love for the poor +girl at the feast, who would anoint His feet; and the full tears stood in +her eyes, and she fancied she was that sinful child, and that He did not +repel her. + +O what a new world of thought she had entered! it occupied her mind from +its very novelty. Everything looked dull and dim by the side of it; her +brother had ever been dinning into her ears that maxim of the heathen, +"Enjoy the present, trust nothing to the future." She indeed could not +enjoy the present with that relish which he wished, and she had not any +trust in the future either; but this volume spoke a different doctrine. +There she learned the very opposite to what Aristo taught--viz., that the +present must be sacrificed for the future; that what is seen must give way +to what is believed. Nay, more, she drank in the teaching which at first +seemed so paradoxical, that even present happiness and present greatness +lie in relinquishing what at first sight seems to promise them; that the +way to true pleasure is, not through self-indulgence, but through +mortification; that the way to power is weakness, the way to success +failure, the way to wisdom foolishness, the way to glory dishonour. She +saw that there was a higher beauty than that which the order and harmony +of the natural world revealed, and a deeper peace and calm than that which +the exercise, whether of the intellect or of the purest human affection, +can supply. She now began to understand that strange, unearthly composure, +which had struck her in Chione, Agellius, and Caecilius; she understood +that they were detached from the world, not because they had not the +possession, nor the natural love of its gifts, but because they possessed +a higher blessing already, which they loved above everything else. Thus, +by degrees, Callista came to walk by a new philosophy; and had ideas, and +principles, and a sense of relations and aims, and a susceptibility of +arguments, to which before she was an utter stranger. Life and death, +action and suffering, fortunes and abilities, all had now a new meaning +and application. As the skies speak differently to the philosopher and the +peasant, as a book of poems to the imaginative and to the cold and narrow +intellect, so now she saw her being, her history, her present condition, +her future, in a new light, which no one else could share with her. But +the ruling sovereign thought of the whole was He, who exemplified all this +wonderful philosophy in Himself. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXX. + + + TORRES VEDRAS. + + +There were those, however, whom Callista could understand, and who could +understand her; there were those who, while Aristo, Cornelius, Jucundus, +and Polemo were moving in her behalf, were interesting themselves also in +her, and in a more effectual way. Agellius had joined Caecilius, and, if in +no other way, by his mouth came to the latter and his companions the news +of her imprisonment. On the morning that Agellius had been so strangely +let out of confinement by his brother, and found himself seated at the +street-door, with his tunic on his arm and his boots on the ground before +him, his first business was to recollect where he was, and to dispose of +those articles of dress according to their respective uses. What should he +do with himself, was of course his second thought. He could not stay there +long without encountering the early risers of Sicca, the gates being +already open. To attempt to find out where Callista was, and then to see +her or rescue her, would have ended at once in his own capture. To go to +his own farm would have been nearly as dangerous, and would have had less +meaning. Caecilius too had said, that they were not long to be separated, +and had given him directions for finding him. + +Immediately then he made his way to one of the eastern gates, which led to +Thibursicumbur. There was indeed no time to be lost, as he soon had +indications; he met several men who knew him by sight, and one of the +apparitors of the Duumviri, who happily did not. An apostate Christian, +whose zeal for the government was notorious, passed him and looked back +after him. However, he would soon be out of pursuit, if he had the start +of them until the sun got round the mountains he was seeking. He walked on +through a series of rocky and barren hills, till he got some way past the +second milestone. Before he had reached the third he had entered a defile +in the mountains. Perpendicular rocks rose on each side of him, and the +level road, reaching from rock to rock, was not above thirty feet across. +He felt that if he was pursued here, there was no escape. The third +milestone passed, he came to the country road; he pursued it, counting out +his thousand steps, as Caecilius had instructed him. By this time it had +left the stony bottom, and was rising up the side of the precipice. +Brushwood and dwarf pines covered it, mingled with a few olives and +caroubas. He said out his seven pater nosters as he walked, and then +looked around. He had just passed a goatherd, and they looked hard at each +other. Agellius wished him good morning. + +"You are wishing a kid for Bacchus, sir," said the man to him as he was +running his eye over the goats. On Agellius answering in the negative, he +said in a clownish way, "He who does not sacrifice to Bacchus does not +sacrifice goats." + +Agellius, bearing in mind Caecilius's directions, saw of course there was +something in the words which did not meet the ear, and answered +carelessly, "He who does not sacrifice, does not sacrifice to Bacchus." + +"True," said the man, "but perhaps you prefer a lamb for a sacrifice." + +Agellius replied, "If it is the right one; but the one I mean was slain +long since." + +The man, without any change of manner, went on to say that there was an +acquaintance of his not far up the rock, who could perhaps satisfy him on +the point. He said, "Follow those wild olives, though the path seems +broken, and you will come to him at the nineteenth." + +Agellius set out, and never was path so untrue to its own threats. It +seemed ending in abrupt cliffs every turn, but never fulfilled the +anticipation; that is, while he kept to the olive-trees. After ascending +what was rather a flight of marble steps, washed and polished by the +winter torrents, than a series of crags, he fulfilled the number of trees, +and looked round at the man sitting under it. O the joy and surprise! it +was his old servant Aspar. + +"You are safe, then, Aspar," he said, "and I find you here. O what a +tender Providence!" + +"I have taken my stand here, master," returned Aspar, "day after day, +since I got here, in hopes of seeing you. I could not get back to you from +Jucundus's that dreadful morning, and so I made my way here. Your uncle +sent for you in my presence, but at the time I did not know what it meant. +I was able to escape." + +"And now for Caecilius," said Agellius. + +Behind the olive-tree a torrent's bed descended; the descent being so +easy, and yet so natural, that art had evidently interfered with nature, +yet concealed its interference. After tracing it some yards, they came to +a chasm on the opposite side; and, passing through it, Agellius soon found +himself, to his surprise, on a bleak open hill, to which the huge mountain +formed merely a sort of _facade_. Its surface was half rock, half moor, +and it was surrounded by precipices. It was such a place as some hermit of +the middle ages might have chosen for his solitude. The two walked briskly +across it, and at length came to a low, broad yawning opening, branching +out into several passages which, if pursued, would have been found to end +in nothing. Aspar, however, made straight for what appeared a dead wall of +rock, in which, on his making a signal, a door, skilfully hidden, was +opened from within, and was shut behind them by the porter. They now stood +in a gallery running into the mountain. It was very long, and a stream of +cold air came along it. Aspar told him that at the extremity of it they +should find Caecilius. + +Agellius was indeed in the vestibule of a remarkable specimen of those +caves which had been used for religious purposes, first by the aborigines +of the country, then by the Phoenician colonists, and in the centuries +which had just passed, for the concealment of the Christians. The passage +along which they were proceeding might itself be fitly called a cave, but +still it was only one of several natural subterraneans, of different +shapes, and opening into each other. Some of them lay along the face of a +ravine, from which they received light and air; and here in one place +there were indications of a fortified front. They were perfectly dry, +though the water had at some remote period filtered through the roof, and +had formed pendants and pillars of semi-transparent stalactite, of great +beauty. It was another and singular advantage that a particular spot in +one of the caverns, which bordered on the ravine, was the focus of an +immense ear or whispering-gallery, such, that whatever took place in the +public road in which the ravine terminated, could be distinctly heard +there, and thus they were always kept on guard against the attack of an +enemy, if expected. Had either Agellius or Aspar been curious about such a +matter, the latter might have pointed out the place where a Punic altar +once had been discovered, with a sort of _tumulus_ of bones of mice near +at hand, that animal coming into the list of victims in the Phoenician +worship. + +But the two Christians were engaged, as they first halted, and then walked +along the corridor, in other thoughts, than in asking and answering +questions about the history of the place of refuge in which they found +themselves. We have already remarked on the central position of Sicca for +the purpose of missionary work and of retreat in persecution; such a +dwelling in the rocks did but increase its advantageousness, and in +consequence at this moment many Christians had availed themselves of it. +It is an English proverb that three removes are as bad as a fire; and so +great were the perils and the hardships of flight in those times, that it +was a question, in a merely earthly point of view, whether the risk of +being apprehended at home was not a far less evil than the evils which +were certain upon leaving it. There was nothing, then, ungenerous in the +ecclesiastical rule that they alone should flee, in persecution, who were +marked out for death, if they stayed. The laity, private families, and the +priests, on whose ministrations they depended, remained; bishops, deacons, +and what may be called the staff of the episcopate, notaries, messengers, +seminarists, and ascetics, would disappear from the scene of persecution. + +Agellius learned from his slave that the cave had been known to him from +the time he was a boy, and that it was one of the secrets which all who +shared it religiously observed. Holy men, it seemed, had had intimations +of the present trial for several years past; and it was the full +persuasion of the heads of the Church, that, though it might blow over for +a short time, it would recur at intervals for many years, ending in a +visitation so heavy and long, that the times of Antichrist would seem to +have arrived. However, the impression upon their minds was, that then +would come a millennium, or, in some sort, a reign of the saints upon the +earth. That, however, was a date which even Agellius himself, young as he +was, would not be likely to reach; indeed, who could expect to escape, who +might not hope to gain, a Martyr's death, in the interval, in the series +of assaults, between which Christianity had to run the gauntlet? Aspar +said, moreover, that some martyrs lay in the chapels within, and that +various confessors had ended their days there. At the present time there +were representatives, there collected, of a large portion of the Churches +of the Proconsulate. A post, so to call it, went between them and Carthage +every week, and his friend and father, the bishop of that city, was +especially busy in correspondence. + +Moreover, Agellius learned from him that they had many partisans, +well-wishers, and sympathizers, about the country, whom no one suspected; +the families of parents who had conformed to the established worship, nay, +sometimes the apostates themselves, and that this was the case in Sicca as +well as elsewhere. For himself, old and ignorant as he was, the +persecution had proved to him an education. He had been brought near great +men, and some who, he was confident, would be martyrs in the event. He had +learned a great deal about his religion which he did not know before, and +had drunk in the spirit of Christianity, with a fulness which he trusted +would not turn to his ultimate condemnation. He now too had a +consciousness of the size and populousness of the Church, of her +diffusion, of the promises made to her, of the essential necessity of what +seemed to be misfortune, of the episcopal regimen, and of the power and +solidity of the see of Peter afar off in Rome, all which knowledge had +made him quite another being. We have put all this into finer language +than the good old man used himself, and we have grouped it more exactly, +but this is what his words would come to, when explained. + +Coming down to sublunary matters, Aspar said the cave was well +provisioned; they had bread, oil, figs, dried grapes, and wine. They had +vessels and vestments for the Holy Sacrifice. Their serious want was a +dearth of water at that season, but they relied on Divine Providence to +give them by miracle, if in no other way, a supply. The place was +piercingly cold too in the winter. + +By this time they had gained the end of the long gallery, and passed +through a second apartment, when suddenly the sounds of the ecclesiastical +chant burst on the ear of Agellius. How strange, how transporting to him! +he was almost for the first time coming home to his father's house, though +he had been a Christian from a child, and never, as he trusted, to leave +it, now that it was found. He did not know how to behave himself, nor +indeed where to go. Aspar conducted him into the seats set apart for the +faithful; he knelt down and burst into tears. + +It was approaching the third hour, the hour at which the Paraclete +originally descended upon the Apostles, and which, when times of +persecution were passed, was appointed in the West for the solemn mass of +the day. In that early age, indeed, the time of the solemnity was +generally midnight, in order to elude observation; but even then such an +hour was considered of but temporary arrangement. Pope Telesphorus is said +to have prescribed the hour, afterwards in use, as early even as the +second century; and in a place of such quiet and security as the cavern in +which we just now find ourselves, there was no reason why it should not be +selected. At the lower end of the chapel was a rail extending across it, +and open in the middle, where its two portions turned up at right angles +on each side towards the altar. The enclosure thus made was the place +proper for the faithful, into which Agellius had been introduced, and +about fifty persons were collected about him. Where the two side-rails +which ran up the chapel ceased, there was a broad step; and upon it two +pulpits, one on each side. Then came a second elevation, carrying the eye +on to the extremity of the upper end. + +In the middle of the wall at that upper end is a recess, occupied by a +tomb. On the front of it is written the name of some glorious champion of +the faith who lies there. It is one of the first bishops of Sicca, and the +inscription attests that he slept in the Lord under the Emperor Antoninus. +Over the sacred relics is a slab, and on the slab the Divine Mysteries are +now to be celebrated. At the back is a painting on the wall, very similar +to that in Agellius's cottage. The ever-blessed immaculate Mother of God +is exercising her office as the Advocate of sinners, standing by the +sacrifice as she stood at the cross itself, and offering up and applying +its infinite merits and incommunicable virtue in union with priest and +people. So instinctive in the Christian mind is the principle of +decoration, as it may be called, that even in times of suffering, and +places of banishment, we see it brought into exercise. Not only is the +arch which overspans the altar ornamented with an arabesque pattern, but +the roof or vault is coloured with paintings. Our Lord is in the centre, +with two figures of Moses on each side, on the right unloosing his +sandals, on the left striking the rock. Between the centre figure and the +altar may be seen the raising of Lazarus; in the opposite partition the +healing of the paralytic; at the four angles are men and women alternately +in the attitude of prayer. + +At this time the altar-stone was covered with a rich crimson silk, with +figures of St. Peter and St. Paul worked in gold upon it, the gift of a +pious lady of Carthage. Beyond the altar, but not touching it, was a +cross; and on one side of the altar a sort of basin or _piscina_ cut in +the rock, with a linen cloth hanging up against it. There were no candles +upon the altar itself, but wax lights fixed into silver stands were placed +at intervals along the edge of the presbytery or elevation. + +The mass was in behalf of the confessors for the faith then in prison in +Carthage; and the sacred ministers, some half-hour after Agellius's +entrance, made their appearance. Their vestments already varied somewhat +from the ordinary garments of the day, and bespoke antiquity; and, though +not so simply _sui generis_ as they are now, they were so far special, +that they were never used on any other occasion, but were reserved for the +sacred service. The neck was bare, the amice being as yet unknown; instead +of the stole was what was called the _orarium_, a sort of handkerchief +resting on the shoulders, and falling down on each side. The alb had been +the inner garment, or _camisium_, which in civil use was retained at night +when the other garments were thrown off; and, as at the present day, it +was confined round the waist by a zone or girdle. The maniple was a +napkin, supplying the place of a handkerchief; and the chasuble was an +ample _paenula_, such as was worn by the judges, a cloak enveloping the +whole person round, when spread out, with an opening in the centre, +through which the head might pass. The deacon's dalmatic was much longer +than it is now, and the subdeacon's tunicle resembled the alb. All the +vestments were of the purest white. + +The mass began by the bishop giving his blessing; and then the Lector, a +man of venerable age, taking the roll called _Lectionarium_, and +proceeding to a pulpit, read the Prophets to the people, much in the way +observed among ourselves still on holy Saturday and the vigil of +Pentecost. These being finished, the people chanted the first verse of the +_Gloria Patri_, after which the clergy alternated with the people the +_Kyrie_, pretty much as the custom is now. + +Here a fresh roll was brought to the Lector, then or afterwards called +_Apostolus_, from which he read one of the canonical epistles. A psalm +followed, which was sung by the people; and, after this, the Lector +received the _Evangeliarium_, and read a portion of the Gospel, at which +lights were lighted, and the people stood. When he had finished, the +Lector opened the roll wide, and, turning round, presented it to bishop, +clergy, and people to kiss. + +The deacon then cried out, "Ite in pace, catechumeni," "Depart in peace, +catechumens;" and then the kiss of peace was passed round, and the people +began to sing some psalms or hymns. While they were so engaged, the deacon +received from the acolyte the _sindon_, or corporal, which was of the +length of the altar, and perhaps of greater breadth, and spread it upon +the sacred table. Next was placed on the _sindon_ the _oblata_, that is, +the small loaves, according to the number of communicants, with the paten, +which was large, and a gold chalice, duly prepared. And then the _sindon_, +or corporal, was turned back over them, to cover them as a pall. + +The celebrant then advanced: he stood at the further side of the altar, +where the candles are now, with his face to the people, and then began the +holy sacrifice. First he incensed the _oblata_, that is, the loaves and +chalice, as an acknowledgment of God's sovereign dominion, and as a token +of uplifted prayer to Him. Then the roll of prayers was brought him, while +the deacon began what is sometimes called the bidding prayer, being a +catalogue of the various subjects for which intercession is to be made, +after the manner of the _Oremus dilectissimi_, now used on Good Friday. +This catalogue included all conditions of men, the conversion of the +world, the exaltation of Holy Church, the maintenance of the Roman empire, +the due ripening and gathering of the fruits of the earth, and other +spiritual and temporal blessings,--subjects very much the same as those +which are now called the Pope's intentions. The prayers ended with a +special reference to those present, that they might persevere in the Lord +even to the end. And then the priest began the _Sursum corda_, and said +the _Sanctus_. + +The Canon or _Actio_ seems to have run, in all but a few words, as it does +now, and the solemn words of consecration were said secretly. Great stress +was laid on the Lord's prayer, which in one sense terminated the function. +It was said aloud by the people, and when they said, "Forgive us our +trespasses," they beat their breasts. + +It is not wonderful that Agellius, assisting for almost the first time at +this wonderful solemnity, should have noted everything as it occurred; and +we must be considered as giving our account of it from his mouth. + +It needs not to enlarge on the joy of the meeting which followed between +Caecilius and his young penitent. "O my father," he said, "I come to thee, +never to leave thee, to be thy dutiful servant, and to be trained by thee +after the pattern of Him who made thee what thou art. Wonderful things +have happened; Callista is in prison on the charge of Christianity; I was +in a sort of prison myself, or what was worse for my soul; and Juba, my +brother, in the strangest of ways, has this morning let me out. Shall she +not be saved, my father, in God's own way, as well as I? At least we can +all pray for her; but surely we can do more--so precious a soul must not be +left to herself and the world. If she has the trials, she may claim the +blessings of a Christian. Is she to go back to heathenism? Is she, alas! +to suffer without baptism? Shall we not hazard death to bestow on her that +grace?" + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXI. + + + THE BAPTISM. + + +We have already had occasion to mention that there were many secret +well-wishers, or at least protectors, of Christians, as in the world at +large, so also in Sicca. There were many persons who had received benefits +from their charity, and had experience of the scandalous falsehood of the +charges now circulated against them. Others would feel a generosity +towards a cruelly persecuted body; others, utterly dead to the subject of +religion, or rather believing all religions to be impostures, would not +allow it to be assumed that only one was worthy of bad treatment. Others +liked what they heard of the religion itself, and thought there was truth +in it, though it had no claim to a monopoly of truth. Others felt it to be +true, but shrank from the consequences of openly embracing it. Others, who +had apostatised through fear of the executioner, intended to come back to +it at the last. It must be added that in the African Church confessors in +prison had, or were considered to have, the remarkable privilege of +gaining the public forgiveness of the Church for those who had lapsed; it +was an object, then, for all those who, being in that miserable case, +wished some day to be restored, to gain their promise of assistance, or +their good-will. To these reasons was added, in Callista's case, the +interest which naturally attached to a woman, young and defenceless. + +The burning sun of Africa is at the height of its power. The population is +prostrated by heat, by scarcity, by pestilence, and by the decimation +which their riot brought upon them. They care neither for Christianity, +nor for anything else just now. They lie in the porticoes, in the caverns +under the city, in the baths. They are more alive at night. The +_apparitor_, in whose dwelling Callista was lodged, who was himself once a +Christian, lies in the shade of the great doorway, into which his rooms +open, asleep, or stupefied. Two men make their appearance about two hours +before sunset, and demand admittance to Callista. The jailor asks if they +are not the two Greeks, her brother and the rhetorician, who had visited +her before. The junior of the strangers drops a purse heavy with coin into +his lap, and passes on with his companion. When the mind is intent on +great subjects or aims, heat and cold, hunger and thirst, lose their power +of enfeebling it; thus perhaps we must account for the energy now +displayed both by the two ecclesiastics and by Callista herself. + +She too thought it was the unwelcome philosopher come again; she gave a +start and a cry of delight when she saw it was Caecilius. "My father," she +said, "I want to be a Christian, if I may; He came to save the lost sheep. +I have learnt such things from this book--let me give it you while I can. I +am not long for this world. Give me Him who spoke so kindly to that woman. +Take from me my load of sin, and then I will gladly go." She knelt at his +feet, and gave the roll of parchment into his hand. + +"Rise and sit," he answered. "Let us think calmly over the matter." + +"I am ready," she insisted. "Deny me not my wish, when time is so +urgent--if I may have it." + +"Sit down calmly," he said again; "I am not refusing you, but I wish to +know about you." He could hardly keep from tears, of pain, or of joy, or +of both, when he saw the great change which trial had wrought in her. What +touched him most was the utter disappearance of that majesty of mien, +which once was hers, a gift, so beautiful, so unsuitable to fallen man. +There was instead of it a frank humility, a simplicity without +concealment, an unresisting meekness, which seemed as if it would enable +her, if trampled on, to smile and to kiss the feet that insulted her. She +had lost every vestige of what the world worships under the titles of +proper pride and self-respect. Callista was now living, not in the thought +of herself, but of Another. + +"God has been very good to you," he continued; "but in the volume you have +returned to me He bids us 'reckon the charges.' Can you drink of His +chalice? Recollect what is before you." + +She still continued kneeling, with a touching earnestness of face and +demeanour, and with her hands crossed upon her breast. + +"I _have_ reckoned," she replied; "heaven and hell: I prefer heaven." + +"You are on earth," said Caecilius; "not in heaven or hell. You must bear +the pangs of earth before you drink the blessedness of heaven." + +"He has given me the firm purpose," she said, "to gain heaven, to escape +hell; and He will give me too the power." + +"Ah, Callista!" he answered, in a voice broken with distress, "you know +not what you will have to bear, if you join yourself to Him." + +"He has done great things for me already; I am wonderfully changed; I am +not what I was. He will do more still." + +"Alas, my child!" said Caecilius, "that feeble frame, ah! how will it bear +the strong iron, or the keen flame, or the ruthless beast? My child, what +do _I_ feel, who am free, thus handing you over to be the sport of the +evil one?" + +"Father, I have chosen Him," she answered, "not hastily, but on +deliberation. I believe Him most absolutely. Keep me not from Him; give +Him to me, if I may ask it; give me my Love." + +Presently she added, "I have never forgotten those words of yours since +you used them; 'Amor meus crucifixus est.' " + +She began again, "I will be a Christian; give me my place among them. Give +me my place at the feet of Jesus, Son of Mary, my God. I wish to love Him. +I think I can love Him. Make me His." + +"He has loved you from eternity," said Caecilius, "and, therefore, you are +now beginning to love Him." + +She covered her eyes with her hands, and remained in profound meditation. +"I am very ignorant--very sinful," she said at length; "but one thing I +know, that there is but One to love in the whole world, and I wish to love +him. I surrender myself to Him, if He will take me; and He shall teach me +about Himself." + +"The angry multitude, their fierce voices, the brutal executioner, the +prison, the torture, the slow, painful death." He was speaking, not to +her, but to himself. She was calm, in spite of her fervour; but he could +not contain himself. His heart melted within him; he felt like Abraham, +lifting up his hand to slay his child. + +"Time passes," she said; "what may happen? you may be discovered. But, +perhaps," she added, suddenly changing her tone, "it is a matter of long +initiation. Woe is me!" + +"We must gird ourselves to the work, Victor," he said to his deacon who +was with him. Caecilius fell back and sat down, and Victor came forward. He +formally instructed her so far as the circumstances allowed. Not for +baptism only, but for confirmation, and Holy Eucharist; for Caecilius +determined to give her all three sacraments at once. + +It was a sight for angels to look down upon, and they did; when the poor +child, rich in this world's gifts, but poor in those of eternity, knelt +down to receive that sacred stream upon her brow, which fell upon her with +almost sensible sweetness, and suddenly produced a serenity different in +kind from anything she had ever before even had the power of conceiving. + +The bishop gave her confirmation, and then the Holy Eucharist. It was her +first and last communion; in a few days she renewed it, or rather +completed it, under the very Face and Form of Him whom she now believed +without seeing. + +"Farewell, my dearest of children," said Caecilius, "till the hour when we +both meet before the throne of God. A few sharp pangs which you can count +and measure, and all will be well. You will be carried through joyously, +and like a conqueror. I know it. You could face the prospect before you +were a Christian, and you will be equal to the actual trial, now that you +are." + +"Never fear me, father," she said in a clear, low voice. The bishop and +his deacon left the prison. + + + +The sun had all but set, when Caecilius and Victor passed the city gate; +and it was more than twilight as they crossed the wild hills leading to +the precipitous pass. Evil men were not their only peril in this work of +charity. They were also in danger from wild beasts in these lone wastes, +and, the heathen would have added, from bad spirits. Bad spirits Caecilius +recognised too; but he would not have granted that they were perilous. The +two went forward, saying prayers lowly, and singing psalms, when a sudden +cry was heard, and a strong tall form rushed past them. It might be some +robber of the wild, or dangerous outcast, or savage fanatic, who knew and +hated their religion; however, while they stopped and looked, he had come, +and he was gone. But he came again, more slowly; and from his remarkable +shape Caecilius saw that it was the brother of Agellius. He said, "Juba;" +Juba started back, and stood at a distance. Caecilius held out his hand, +and called him on, again mentioning his name. The poor fellow came nearer: +Caecilius's day's work was not at an end. + +Since we last heard of him, Juba had dwelt in the mountainous tract over +which the two Christians were now passing; roaming to and fro, or beating +himself in idle fury against the adamantine rocks, and fighting with the +stern necessity of the elements. How he was sustained can hardly be +guessed, unless the impulse, which led him on the first accession of his +fearful malady, to fly upon the beasts of the desert, served him here +also. Roots too and fruits were scattered over the wild; and still more so +in the ravines, wherever any quantity of soil had been accumulated. Alas! +had the daylight lasted, in him too, as well as in Callista, Caecilius +would have found changes, but of a very different nature; yet even in him +he would have seen a change for the better, for that old awful expression +of pride and defiance was gone. What was the use of parading a self-will, +which every moment of his life belied? His actions, his words, his hands, +his lips, his feet, his place of abode, his daily course, were in the +dominion of another, who inexorably ruled him. It was not the gentle +influence which draws and persuades; it was not the power which can be +propitiated by prayer; it was a tyranny which acted without reaction, +energetic as mind, and impenetrable as matter. + +"Juba," said Caecilius a third time. The maniac came nearer, and then again +suddenly retreated. He stood at a short distance from Caecilius, as if +afraid to come on, and cried out, tossing his hands wildly, "Away, black +hypocrite, come not near me! Away! hound of a priest, cross not my path, +lest I tear you to shreds!" Such visitations were no novelties to +Caecilius; he raised his hand and made the sign of the cross, then he said, +"Come." Juba advanced, shrieked, and used some terrible words, and rushed +upon Caecilius, as if he would treat him as he had treated the savage wolf. +"Come?" he cried, "yes, I come!" and Victor ran up, fearing his teeth +would be in Caecilius's throat, if he delayed longer. The latter stood his +ground, quailing neither in eye nor in limb; he made the sign of the cross +a second time; and in spite of a manifest antagonism within him, the +stricken youth, with horrid cries, came dancing after him. + +Thus they proceeded, with some signs of insurrection from time to time on +Juba's part, but with a successful reduction of it as often on the part of +Caecilius, till they got to the ascent by the olive-trees, where careful +walking was necessary. Then Caecilius turned round, and beckoned him. He +came. He said, "Kneel down." He knelt down. Caecilius put his hand on his +head, saying to him, "Follow me close and without any disturbance." The +three pursued their journey, and all arrived safe at the cavern. There +Caecilius gave Juba in charge to Romanus, who had been intrusted with the +_energumens_ at Carthage. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXII. + + + THE IMPERIAL RESCRIPT. + + +Had the imperial edict been acted on by the magistrates of Sicca, without +a reference to Carthage, it is not easy to suppose that Callista would +have persevered in her refusal to commit the act of idolatry required of +her. But, to speak of second causes, the hesitation of her judges was her +salvation. Once baptised, there was no reason she should desire any +further delay of her conflict. Come it must, and come it did. While +Caecilius was placing her beyond danger, the rescript of the Proconsul had +been received at the office of the Duumvirs. + +The absence of the Proconsul from Carthage had been the cause of the +delay; and then, some investigation was needed to understand the relation +of Callista's seizure to the riot on the one hand, and to the strong act +of the military on the other, in quelling it. It was thought that +something or other might come to light to account for the anomalous and +unaccountable position which she had taken up. The imperial government +considered it had now a clear view of her case, and its orders were +distinct and peremptory. Christianity was to cease to be. It was a subtle +foe, sapping the vitals of the state. Rome must perish, or this illegal +association. Such evasions as Callista had used were but instances of its +craft. Its treason lay, not in its being Christianity, but in its not +sacrificing to the gods of Rome. Callista was but throwing dust in their +eyes. There had been no blow struck against the treason in inland Africa. +Women had often been the most dangerous of conspirators. As she was a +stranger, there was more probability of her connection with secret +societies, and also less inconvenience in her execution. Whatever +happened, she was to be got rid of; but first her resolution was to be +broken, for the sake of the example. First, let her be brought before the +tribunal and threatened: then thrust into the Tullianum; then put upon the +rack, and returned to prison; then scorched over a slow fire; last of all, +beheaded, and left for beasts of prey. She would sacrifice ere the last +stage was reached. When she had given way, let her be given up to the +gladiators. The message ended by saying that the Proconsular Procurator, +who came by the same carriages, would preside at the process. + +O wisdom of the world! and strength of the world! what are you when +matched beside the foolishness and the weakness of the Christian? You are +great in resources, manifold in methods, hopeful in prospects; but one +thing you have not,--and that is peace. You are always tumultuous, +restless, apprehensive. You have nothing you can rely upon. You have no +rock under your feet. But the humblest, feeblest Christian has that which +is impossible to you. Callista had once felt the misery of maladies akin +to yours. She had passed through doubt, anxiety, perplexity, despondency, +passion; but now she was in peace. Now she feared the torture or the flame +as little as the breeze which arose at nightfall, or the busy chatter of +the grasshoppers at the noonday. Nay, rather, she did not think of torture +and death at all, but was possessed by a peace which bore her up, as if +bodily, on its mighty wings. For hours she remained on her knees, after +Caecilius left her: then she lay down on her rushes and slept her last +sleep. + +She slept sound; she dreamed. She thought she was no longer in Africa, but +in her own Greece, more sunny and bright than before; but the inhabitants +were gone. Its majestic mountains, its rich plains, its expanse of waters, +all silent: no one to converse with, no one to sympathize with. And, as +she wandered on and wondered, suddenly its face changed, and its colours +were illuminated tenfold by a heavenly glory, and each hue upon the scene +was of a beauty she had never known, and seemed strangely to affect all +her senses at once, being fragrance and music, as well as light. And there +came out of the grottoes and glens and woods, and out of the seas, myriads +of bright images, whose forms she could not discern; and these came all +around her, and became a sort of scene or landscape, which she could not +have described in words, as if it were a world of spirits, not of matter. +And as she gazed, she thought she saw before her a well-known face, only +glorified. She, who had been a slave, now was arrayed more brilliantly +than an oriental queen; and she looked at Callista with a smile so sweet, +that Callista felt she could but dance to it. + +And as she looked more earnestly, doubting whether she should begin or +not, the face changed, and now was more marvellous still. It had an +innocence in its look, and also a tenderness, which bespoke both Maid and +Mother, and so transported Callista, that she must needs advance towards +her, out of love and reverence. And the lady seemed to make signs of +encouragement: so she began a solemn measure, unlike all dances of earth, +with hands and feet, serenely moving on towards what she heard some of +them call a great action and a glorious consummation, though she did not +know what they meant. At length she was fain to sing as well as dance; and +her words were, "In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the +Holy Ghost;" on which another said, "A good beginning of the sacrifice." +And when she had come close to this gracious figure, there was a fresh +change. The face, the features were the same; but the light of Divinity +now seemed to beam through them, and the hair parted, and hung down long +on each side of the forehead; and there was a crown of another fashion +than the Lady's round about it, made of what looked like thorns. And the +palms of the hands were spread out as if towards her, and there were marks +of wounds in them. And the vestment had fallen, and there was a deep +opening in the side. And as she stood entranced before Him, and +motionless, she felt a consciousness that her own palms were pierced like +His, and her feet also. And she looked round, and saw the likeness of His +face and of His wounds upon all that company. And now they were suddenly +moving on, and bearing something or some one, heavenwards; and they too +began to sing, and their words seemed to be, "Rejoice with Me, for I have +found My sheep," ever repeated. They went up through an avenue or long +grotto, with torches of diamonds, and amethysts, and sapphires, which lit +up its spars and made them sparkle. And she tried to look, but could not +discover what they were carrying, till she heard a very piercing cry, +which awoke her. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXIII. + + + A GOOD CONFESSION. + + +The cry came from the keeper's wife, whom we have described as kindly +disposed to her. She was a Lybo-Phoenician, and spoke a broken Latin; but +the language of sympathy is universal, in spite of Babel. "Callista," she +exclaimed; "girl, they have sent for you; you are to die. O frightful! +worse than a runaway slave,--the torture! Give in. What's the harm? you are +so young: those terrible men with the pincers and hot bars!" + +Callista sat up, and passed from her vision to her prison. She smiled and +said, "I am ready; I am going home." The woman looked almost frightened, +and with some shade of disgust and disappointment. She, as others, might +have thought it impossible, as it was unaccountable, that when it came to +the point Callista would hold out. "She's crazed," she said. "I am ready, +mother," Callista said, and she got up. "You have been very good to me," +she continued; "I have been saying many prayers for you, while my prayers +were of no good, for then He was not mine. But now I have espoused Him, +and am going to be married to-day, and He will hear me." The woman stared +at her stupidly, as much as to make it evident that if afterwards a change +took place in her, as in Callista, that change too, though in so different +a soul, must come of something beyond nature. She had something in her +hand, and said, "It's useless to give a mad woman like her the packet, +which my man has brought me." + +Callista took the packet, which was directed to her, and broke the seal. +It was from her brother. The little roll of worn parchment opened; a +dagger fell out. Some lines were written on the parchment; they were dated +Carthage, and ran as follows:-- + +"Aristo to his dearest Callista. I write through Cornelius. You have not +had it in your power to kill me, but you have taken away half my life. For +me, I will cherish the other half, for I love life better than death. But +you love annihilation; yet, if so, die not like a slave. Die nobly, +mindful of your country; I send you the means." + +Callista was beyond reflecting on anything around her, except as in a sort +of dream. As common men think and speak of heaven, so she now thought and +spoke of earth. "I wish _Him_ to kill me, not myself," she said. "I am His +victim. My brother! I have no brother, except One, who is calling me." + +She was carried to court, and the examination followed. We have already +given a specimen of such a process; here it will be sufficient to make use +of two documents, different in kind, as far as they go, which have come +down to us. The first is an alto-relief, which once was coloured, not +first-rate in art or execution, and of the date of the Emperor +Constantius, about a century later. It was lately discovered in the course +of excavations made at El Kaf, the modern Sicca, on the ruins of a church +or Roman basilica, for the building in question seems to have served each +purpose successively. In this sculpture the praetorium is represented, and +the tribunal of the president in it. The tribunal is a high throne, with +wings curving round on each side, making the whole construction extend to +almost a semicircle, and it is ascended by steps between the wings. The +curule chair is at the top of the steps; and in the middle and above it +are purple curtains, reaching down to the platform, drawn back on each +side, and when drawn close together running behind the chair, and +constituting what was called the _secretarium_. On one side of the +tribunal is a table covered with carpeting, and looking something like a +modern ottoman, only higher, and not level at top; and it has upon it the +Book of Mandates, the sign of jurisdiction. The sword too is represented +in the sculpture, to show a criminal case is proceeding. The procurator is +seated on the chair; he is in purple, and has a gold chain of triple +thread. We can also distinguish his lawyers, whether assessors or +_consiliarii_; also his lictors and soldiers. There, too, are the notaries +in a line below him; they are writing down the judge's questions and the +prisoner's answers: and one of them is turning round to her, as if to make +her speak more loudly. She herself is mounted upon a sort of platform, +called _catasta_, like that on which slaves were put up for sale. Two +soldiers are by her, who appear to have been dragging her forwards. The +executioners are also delineated, naked to the waist, with instruments of +torture in their hands. + + + +The second document is a fragment of the _Acta Proconsularia_ of her +Passion. If, indeed, it could be trusted to the letter, as containing +Callista's answers word for word, it would have a distinctly sacred +character, in consequence of our Lord's words, "It shall be given you in +that hour what to speak." However, we attach no such special value to this +document, since it comes to us through heathen notaries, who may not have +been accurate reporters; not to say that before we did so we ought to look +very carefully into its genuineness. As it is, we believe it to be as true +as any part of our narrative, and not truer. It runs as follows:-- + + + +"Cneius Messius Decius Augustus II., and Gratus, Consuls, on the seventh +before the Calends of August, in Sicca Veneria, a colony, in the Secretary +at the Tribunal, Martianus, procurator, sitting; Callista, a maker of +images, was brought up by the Commentariensis on a charge of Christianity, +and when she was placed, + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: This folly has been too long; you have +made images, and now you will not worship them. + +"CALLISTA answered: For I have found my true Love, whom before I knew not. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: Your true love is, I ween, your last +love; for all were true in their time. + +"CALLISTA said: I worship my true Love, who is the Only True; and He is +the Son of God, and I know none but Him. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: You will not worship the gods, but you +are willing to love their sons. + +"CALLISTA said: He is the true Son of the True God; and I am His, and He +is mine. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: Let alone your loves, and swear by the +genius of the emperor. + +"CALLISTA said: I have but one Lord, the King of kings, the Ruler of all. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, turned to the lictor and said: This folly is +madness; take her hand, put incense in it, and hold it over the flame. + +"CALLISTA said: You may compel me by your great strength, but my own true +Lord and Love is stronger. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: You are bewitched; but we must undo the +spell. Take her to the Lignum (the prison for criminals). + +"CALLISTA said: He has been there before me, and He will come to me there. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: The jailer will see to that. Let her be +brought up to-morrow. + +"On the day following, Martianus, the procurator, sitting at the tribunal, +called up Callista. He said: Honour our lord, and sacrifice to the gods. + +"CALLISTA said: Let me alone; I am content with my One and only Lord. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: What? did he come to you in prison, as +you hoped? + +"CALLISTA said: He came to me amid much pain; and the pain was pleasant, +for He came in it. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: You have got worn and yellow, and he +will leave you. + +"CALLISTA said: He loves me the more, for I am beautiful when I am black. + +"MARTIANUS, the procurator, said: Throw her into the Tullianum; perhaps +she will find her god there also. + +"Then the procurator entered into the Secretary, and drew the veil; and +dictated the sentence for the tabella. Then he came out, and the praeco +read it:--Callista, a senseless and reprobate woman, is hereby sentenced to +be thrown into the Tullianum; then to be stretched on the equuleus; then +to be placed on a slow fire; lastly, to be beheaded, and left to the dogs +and birds. + +"CALLISTA said: Thanks to my Lord and King." + + + +Here the Acta end: and though they seem to want their conclusion, yet they +supply nearly every thing which is necessary for our purpose. The one +subject on which a comment is needed, is the state prison, which, though +so little is said of it in the above Report, is in fact the real _medium_, +as we may call it, for appreciating its information; a few words will +suffice for our purpose. + +The state prison, then, was arranged on pretty much one and the same plan +through the Roman empire, nay, we may say, throughout the ancient world. +It was commonly attached to the government buildings, and consisted of two +parts. The first was the vestibule, or outward prison, which was a hall, +approached from the praetorium, and surrounded by cells, opening into it. +The prisoners, who were confined in these cells, had the benefit of the +air and light, which the hall admitted. Such was the place of confinement +allotted to St. Paul at Caesarea, which is said to be the "praetorium of +Herod." And hence, perhaps, it is that, in the touching Passion of St. +Perpetua and St. Felicitas, St. Perpetua tells us that, when permitted to +have her child, though she was in the inner portion, which will next be +described, "suddenly the prison seemed to her like the praetorium." + +From this vestibule there was a passage into the interior prison, called +Robur or Lignum, from the beams of wood, which were the instruments of +confinement, or from the character of its floor. It had no window or +outlet, except this door, which, when closed, absolutely shut out light +and air. Air, indeed, and coolness might be obtained for it by the +_barathrum_, presently to be spoken of, but of what nature we shall then +see. The apartment, called Lignum, was the place into which St. Paul and +St. Silas were cast at Philippi, before it was known that they were +Romans. After scourging them severely, the magistrates, who nevertheless +were but the local authorities, and had no proper jurisdiction in criminal +cases, "put them in prison, bidding the jailer to keep them carefully; +who, on receiving such a command, put them in the inner prison, and +fastened them in the lignum." And in the Acts of the Scillitane Martyrs we +read of the Proconsul giving sentence, "Let them be thrown into prison, +let them be put into the Lignum, till to-morrow." + +The utter darkness, the heat, and the stench of this miserable place, in +which the inmates were confined day and night, is often dwelt upon by the +martyrs and their biographers. "After a few days," says St. Perpetua, "we +were taken to the prison, and I was frightened, for I never had known such +darkness. O bitter day! the heat was excessive by reason of the crowd +there." In the Acts of St. Pionius, and others of Smyrna, we read that the +jailers "shut them up in the inner part of the prison, so that, bereaved +of all comfort and light, they were forced to sustain extreme torment, +from the darkness and stench of the prison." And, in like manner, other +martyrs of Africa, about the time of St. Cyprian's martyrdom, that is, +eight or ten years later than the date of this story, say, "We were not +frightened at the foul darkness of that place; for soon that murky prison +was radiant with the brightness of the Spirit. What days, what nights we +passed there no words can describe. The torments of that prison no +statement can equal." + +Yet there was a place of confinement even worse than this. In the floor of +this inner prison was a sort of trap-door, or hole, opening into the +_barathrum_, or pit, and called, from the original prison at Rome, the +Tullianum. Sometimes prisoners were confined here, sometimes despatched by +being cast headlong into it through the opening. It was into this pit at +Rome that St. Chrysanthus was cast; and there, and probably in other +cities, it was nothing short of the public cesspool. + +It may be noticed that the Prophet Jeremiah seems to have had personal +acquaintance with Vestibule, Robur, and Barathrum. We read in one place of +his being shut up in the "atrium," that is, the vestibule, "of the prison, +which was in the house of the king." At another time he is in the +"ergastulum," which would seem to be the inner prison. Lastly his enemies +let him down by ropes into the lacus or pit, in which "there was no water, +but mud." + +As to Callista, then, after the first day's examination, she was thrown +for nearly twenty-four hours into the stifling Robur, or inner prison. +After the sentence, on the second day, she was let down, as the +commencement of her punishment, that is, of her martyrdom, into the +loathsome Barathrum, lacus, or pit, called Tullianum, there to lie for +another twenty hours before she was brought out to the equuleus or rack. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXIV. + + + THE MARTYRDOM. + + +Callista had sighed for the bright and clear atmosphere of Greece, and she +was thrown into the Robur and plunged into the Barathrum of Sicca. But in +reality, though she called it Greece, she was panting after a better +country and a more lasting home, and this country and home she had found. +She was now setting out for it. + +It was, indeed, no slight marvel that she was not already there. She had +been lowered into that pit of death before noon on the day of her second +examination, and, excepting some unwholesome bread and water, according to +the custom of the prison, had had no food since she came into the custody +of the _commentariensis_ the day before. The order came from the +magistrates to bring her out earlier in the morning than was intended, or +the prison might have really effected that death which Calphurnius had +purposed to pretend. When the apparitors attempted to raise her, she +neither spoke or moved, nor could well be seen. "Black as Orcus," said one +of the fellows, "another torch there! I can't see where she nestles." +"There she is, like a bundle of clothes," said another. "Madam gets up +late this morning," said a third. "She's used to softer couches," said a +fourth. "Ha! ha! 'tis a spoiler of beauty, this hole," said a fifth. "She +is the demon of stubbornness, and must be crushed," said the jailer; "she +likes it, or she would not choose it." "The plague take the witch," said +another; "we shall have better seasons when a few like her are ferreted +out." + +They got her out like a corpse, and put her on the ground outside the +prison. When she still did not move, two of them took her between them on +their shoulders and arms, and began to move forward, the instrument of +torture preceding her. The fresh air of the morning revived her; she soon +sat up. She seemed to drink in life again, and became conscious. "O +beautiful Light!" she whispered, "O lovely Light, my light and my life! O +my Light and my Life, receive me!" Gradually she became fully alive to all +that was going on. She was going to death, and that rather than deny Him +who had bought her by His own death. He had suffered for her, and she was +to suffer for Him. He had been racked on the Cross, she too was to have +her limbs dislocated after His pattern. She scarcely rested on the men's +shoulders; and they vowed afterwards that they thought she was going to +fly away, vile witch as she was. + +"The witch, the witch," the mob screamed out, for she had now come to the +place of her conflict. "_We'll_ pay you off for blight and pestilence! +Where's our bread, where's the maize and barley, where are the grapes?" +And they uttered fierce yells of execration, and seemed disposed to break +through the line of apparitors, and to tear her to pieces. Yet, after all, +it was not a very hearty uproar, but got up for the occasion. The populace +had spent their force, not to say their lives, in the riot in which she +was apprehended. The priests and priestesses of the temples had sent the +poor wretches and paid them. + +The place of execution was on the north-east of the city, outside the +walls, and towards the mountain. It was where slaves were buried, and it +was as hideous as such spots usually were. The neighbourhood was wild, +open to the beasts of prey, who at night used to descend and feast upon +the corpses. As Callista approached to the scene of her suffering, the +expression of her countenance had so altered that a friend would scarce +have known it. There was a tenderness in it and a modesty which never had +been there in that old time. Her cheek had upon it a blush, as when the +rising sun suddenly touches some grey rock or tower yet it was white and +glistening too, so much so that others might have said it was like silver. +Her eyes were larger than they had been, and gazed steadfastly, as if at +what the multitude did not see. Her lips spoke of sweet peace and deep +composure. When at length she came close upon the rabble, who had been +screaming and yelling so fiercely, men, women, and boys suddenly held +their peace. It was first from curiosity, then from amazement, then from +awe. At length a fear smote through them, and a strange pity and +reverence. They almost seemed inclined to worship what stirred them so +much, they knew not how; a new idea had visited those poor ignorant souls. + +A few minutes sufficed to put the rack into working order. She was laid +down upon its board in her poor bedimmed tunic, which once flashed so +bright in the sun,--she who had been ever so delicate in her apparel. Her +wrists and ankles were seized, extended, fastened to the moveable blocks +at the extremities of the plank. She spoke her last word, "For Thee, my +Lord and Love, for Thee!... Accept me, O my Love, upon this bed of pain! +And come to me, O my Love, make haste and come!" The men turned round the +wheels rapidly to and fro; the joints were drawn out of their sockets, and +then snapped in again. She had fainted. They waited for her coming-to; +they still waited; they got impatient. + +"Dash some water on her," said one. "Spit in her face, and it will do," +said a second. "Prick her with your spike," said a third. "Hold your wild +talk," said a fourth; "she's gone to the shades." They gathered round, and +looked at her attentively. They could not bring her back. So it was: she +had gone to her Lord and her Love. + +"Lay her out for the wolves and vultures," said the _cornicularius_, and +he was going to appoint guards till nightfall, when up came the +_stationarii_ and Calphurnius in high wrath. + +"You dogs!" he cried, "what trick have you been practising against the +soldiers of Rome?" However, expostulation and reproach were bootless; nor +would it answer here to go into the quarrel which ensued over the dead +body. The magistrates, having got scent of Calphurnius's scheme, had +outwitted the tribune by assigning an earlier hour than was usual for the +execution. Life could not be recalled; nor did the soldiers of course dare +publicly to disobey the Proconsul's order for the exposure of the corpse. +All that could be done, they did. They took her down with rude reverence +from the rack, and placed her on the sand; and then they set guards to +keep off the rabble, and to avail themselves of any opportunity which +might occur to show consideration towards her. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXV. + + + THE CORPO SANTO. + + +The sun of Africa has passed over the heavens, but has not dared with one +of his fierce rays to profane the sacred relics which lie out before him. +The mists of evening rise up, and the heavy dews fall, but they neither +bring the poison of decay to that gracious body, nor receive it thence. +The beasts of the wild are roaming and roaring at a distance, or nigh at +hand: not any one of them presumes to touch her. No vultures may promise +themselves a morning meal from such a victim, as they watch through the +night upon the high crags which overlook her. The stars have come out on +high, and, they too look down upon Callista, as if they were funeral +lights in her honour. Next the moon rises up to see what has been going +on, and edges the black hangings of the night with silver. Yet mourning +and dirge are but of formal observance, when a brave champion has died for +her God. The world of ghosts has as little power over such an one as the +world of nature. No evil spirit has aught to say to her, who has gone in +her baptismal white before the Throne. No penal fire shall be her robe, +who has been carried in her bright _flammeum_ to the Bridal Chamber of the +Lamb. A divine odour fills the air, issuing from that senseless, +motionless, broken frame. A circle of light gleams round her brow, and, +even when the daylight comes again, it there is faintly seen. Her features +have reassumed their former majesty, but with an expression of childlike +innocence and heavenly peace. The thongs have drawn blood at the wrists +and ankles, which has run and soaked into the sand; but angels received +the body from the soldiers when they took it off the rack, and it lies, +sweetly and modestly composed, upon the ground. + +Passers-by stand still and gaze; idlers gather round. The report spreads +in Sicca that neither sun by day, nor moon by night, nor moist atmosphere, +nor beast of prey, has power over the wonderful corpse. Nay, that they +cannot come near it without falling under some strange influence, which +makes them calm and grave, expels bad passions, and allays commotion of +mind. Many come again and again, for the mysterious and soothing effect +she exerts upon them. They cannot talk freely about it to each other, and +are seized with a sacred fear when they attempt to do so. Those who have +merely heard their report without seeing her, say that these men have been +in a grove of the Eumenides, or have suddenly encountered the wolf. The +popular sensation continues and extends; some say it is magical, others +that it is from the great gods. Day sinks again into evening, evening +becomes night; the night wears out, and morning is coming again. + +It begins to dawn: a glimmer is faintly spread abroad, and, mixing with +the dark, makes twilight, which gradually brightens, and the outlines of +nature rise dimly out of the night. Gradually the sacred body comes to +sight; and, as the light grows stronger around it, gradually too the forms +of five men emerge, who had not been there the night before. One is in +front; the rest behind with a sort of bier or litter. They stand on the +mountain side of her, and must have come from the country. It has been a +bold enterprise theirs, to expose themselves to the nightly beasts, and +now again to the rabble and the soldiers. The soldiers are at some little +distance, silent and watchful; such of the rabble as have passed the night +there have had some superstitious object in their stay. They have thought +to get portions of the flesh for magical purposes; a finger, or a tooth, +or some hair, or a portion of her tunic, or the blood-stained rope which +was twisted round her wrist and ankle. + +As the light makes her at length quite visible to the youth on the other +side, who stands by himself with clasped hands and tearful eyes, he +shrinks from the sight. He turns round to his companions who are provided +with a large winding-sheet or pall, and with the help of one of them, to +the surprise of the populace, he spreads it all over the body. And having +done this, he stands again trembling, just for a few seconds, absorbed in +his meditations, praying and weeping, and nerving himself for what is to +follow. Ah, poor Agellius! you have not risen yet to the pitch of triumph; +and other thoughts must be let to range through your breast, other +emotions must spend themselves, before you are prepared simply to rejoice, +exult, and glory in the lifeless form which lies before you. You are upon +a brave work, but your heart is torn while you set hand to it, and you +linger before you begin. + +It was in the pride of her earthly beauty and the full vigour and +elevation of her mind, that he last had seen her. It seemed an age since +that morning, as if a chasm ran between the now and the then, when she so +fascinated him with her presence, and so majestically rebuked him for +bowing to that fascination. Yet on his memory every incident of that +interview was fixed, and was indelible. O why should the great Creator +shatter one of His most admirable works! If the order of the sun and stars +is adorable, if the laws by which earth and sea are kept together mark the +Hand of supreme Wisdom and Power, how much nobler perfection of beauty is +manifested in man! And of human nature itself here was the supereminent +crown, a soul full of gifts, full of greatness, full of intellect, placed +in an outward form, equally surpassing in its kind, and still more +surpassingly excellent from its intimate union and subordination to the +soul, so as almost to be its simple expression; yet this choicest, rarest +specimen of Almighty skill, the Almighty had pitilessly shattered, in +order that it might inherit a higher, an eternal perfection. O mystery of +mysteries, that heaven should not be possibly obtained without such +grinding down and breaking up of our original nature! O mysterious, that +principle in us, whatever it is, and however it came there, which is so +antagonistic to God, which has so spoilt what seems so good, that all must +be undone, and must begin anew! "An enemy hath done this;" and, knowing as +much as this, and no more, we must leave the awful mystery to that day +when all things shall be made light. + +Agellius has not been idle while these thoughts pass through his mind. He +has stooped down and scooped up such portions of the sand as are moistened +with her blood, and has committed them to a small bag which he has taken +out of his bosom. Then without delay, looking round to his attendants, and +signing to them, with two of the party he resolutely crossed over to the +other side of the corpse, covering it from attack, while his two +assistants who were left proceeded quickly to lay hold of it. They had +raised it, laid it on the bier, and were setting off by an unusual track +across the waste, while Agellius, Aspar, and the third were grappling with +some ruffians who had rushed upon them. Few, however, were there as yet to +take part against them, but their cries of alarm were bringing others up, +and the Christians were in growing danger of being worsted and carried +off, when suddenly the soldiers interfered. Under pretence of keeping the +peace, they laid about them with their heavy maces; and so it was, the +blows took effect on the heads and shoulders of the rabble, with but +slight injury to Agellius and his companions. The latter took instant +advantage of the diversion, and vanished out of view by the same +misleading track which their comrades had already chosen. If they, or the +party who had preceded them, came within the range of sight of any +goatherds upon the mountains, we must suppose that angels held those +heathen eyes that they should not recognise them. + + + + + + CHAPTER XXXVI. + + + LUX PERPETUA SANCTIS TUIS, DOMINE. + + +The bier and its bearers, and its protectors, have reached the cave in +safety, and pace down the gallery, preceded by its Christian hosts, with +lighted tapers, singing psalms. They place the sacred body before the +altar, and the mass begins. St. Cyprian celebrates, and after the Gospel, +he adds a few words of his own. + +He said that they were engaged in praising, blessing, and exalting the +adorable Grace of God, which had snatched so marvellously a brand out of +the furnace. Benedicamus Patrem et Filium cum Sancto Spiritu. Benedictus, +et laudabilis, et gloriosus, et superexaltatus in saecula. Every day doing +marvels and exceeding all that seemed possible in power and love, by new +and still newer manifestations. A Greek had come to Africa to embellish +the shrines of heathenism, to minister to the usurpation of the evil one, +and to strengthen the old ties which connected genius with sin; and she +had suddenly found salvation. But yesterday a poor child of earth, and +to-day an inhabitant of the heavens. But yesterday without God and without +hope; and to-day a martyr with a green palm and golden vestment, +worshipping before the Throne. But yesterday the slave of Satan, and +spending herself on the vanities of time; and to-day drinking of the +never-cloying torrents of bliss everlasting. But yesterday one of a +number, a grain of a vast heap, destined indiscriminately for the flame; +to-day one of the elect souls, written from eternity in the book of life, +and predestined to glory. But yesterday, hungry and thirsty, and restless +for some object worthy an immortal spirit; to-day enjoying the ineffable +ecstasy of the Marriage Feast and the espousals of Emmanuel. But yesterday +tossed about on a sea of opinion; and to-day entranced in the vision of +infallible truth and immutable sanctity. And yet what was she but only one +instance out of ten thousand, of the Almighty and All-manifold Grace of +the Redeemer? And who was there of all of them, there assembled, from the +most heroic down to the humblest beginner, from the authoritative preacher +down to the slave or peasant, but was equally, though in his own way, a +miracle of mercy, and a vessel, once of wrath, if now of glory? Only might +he and all who heard him persevere as they had begun, so that if (as was +so probable) their trial was to be like hers, its issue might be like hers +also. + +St. Cyprian ceased; and, while the deacon opened the _sindon_ for the +offertory, the faithful took up alternately the verses of a hymn, which we +here insert in a most unworthy translation:-- + + "The number of Thine own complete, + Sum up and make an end; + Sift clean the chaff, and house the wheat,-- + And then, O Lord, descend. + + "Descend, and solve by that descent, + This mystery of life; + Where good and ill, together blent, + Wage an undying strife. + + "For rivers twain are gushing still, + And pour a mingled flood; + Good in the very depths of ill-- + Ill in the heart of good. + + "The last are first, the first are last, + As angel eyes behold; + These from the sheepcote sternly cast, + Those welcomed to the fold. + + "No Christian home, no pastor's eye, + No preacher's vocal zeal, + Moved Thy dear martyr to defy + The prison and the wheel. + + "Forth from the heathen ranks she stepped + The forfeit throne to claim + Of Christian souls who had not kept + Their birthright and their name. + + "Grace formed her out of sinful dust; + She knelt a soul defiled; + She rose in all the faith and trust + And sweetness of a child. + + "And in the freshness of that love + She preached by word and deed, + The mysteries of the world above-- + Her new-found glorious creed. + + "And running, in a little hour, + Of life the course complete, + She reached the throne of endless power, + And sits at Jesus' feet. + + "Her spirit there, her body here, + Make one the earth and sky; + We use her name, we touch her bier, + We know her God is nigh." + +The last sentiment of the yet unfinished hymn was receiving an answer +while they sang it. Juba had been brought into the chapel in the hands of +his brother and the exorcists. Since he had been under their care, he had +been, on the whole, calm and manageable, with intervals of wild tempest +and mad terror. He spoke, at times, of an awful incubus weighing on his +chest, which he could not throw off, and said he hoped that they would not +think all the blasphemies he uttered were his own. On this occasion, he +struggled most violently, and shook with distress; and, as they brought +him towards the sacred relics, a thick, cold dew stood upon his brow, and +his features shrank and collapsed. He held back, and exerted himself with +all his might to escape, foaming at the mouth, and from time to time +uttering loud shrieks and horrible words, which disturbed, though they +could not interrupt, the hymn. His bearers persevered; they brought him +close to Callista, and made him touch her feet with his hands. Immediately +he screamed fearfully, and was sent up into the air with such force that +he seemed discharged from some engine of war: then he fell back upon the +earth apparently lifeless. + +The long prayer was ended; the _Sursum corda_ was uttered. Juba raised +himself from the ground. When the words of consecration had been said, he +adored with the faithful. After the mass, his attendants came to him; he +was quite changed; he was quiet, harmless, and silent: the evil spirit had +gone out; but he was an idiot. + +This wonderful deliverance was but the beginning of the miracles which +followed the martyrdom of St. Callista. It may be said to have been the +resurrection of the Church at Sicca. In not many months Decius was killed, +and the persecution ceased there. Castus was appointed bishop, and numbers +began to pour into the fold. The lapsed asked for peace, or at least such +blessings as they could have. Heathens sought to be received. When asked +for their reason, they could only say that Callista's history and death +had affected them with constraining force, and that they could not help +following her steps. Increasing in boldness, as well as numbers, the +Christians cowed both magistrates and mob. The spirit of the populace had +been already broken; and the continual change of masters, and measures +with them, in the imperial government, inflicted a chronic timidity on the +magistracy. A handsome church was soon built, to which Callista's body was +brought, and which remained till the time of the Diocletian persecution. + +Juba attached himself to this church; and, though he could not be taught +even to sweep the sacred pavement, still he never was troublesome or +mischievous. He continued in this state for about ten years. At the end of +that time, one morning, after mass, which he always attended in the church +porch, he suddenly went to the bishop, and asked for baptism. He said that +Callista had appeared to him, and had restored to him his mind. On +conversing with him, the holy Castus found that his recovery was beyond +all doubt: and not knowing how long his lucid state would last, he had no +hesitation, with such instruction as the time admitted, in administering +the sacred rite, as Juba wished. After receiving it, he proceeded to the +tomb, within which lay St. Callista, and remained on his knees before his +benefactress till nightfall. Not even then was he disposed to rise; and so +he was left there for the night. Next morning he was found still in the +attitude of prayer, but lifeless. He had been taken away in his baptismal +robe. + +As to Agellius, if he be the bishop of that name who suffered at Sicca in +his old age, in the persecution of Diocletian, we are possessed in this +circumstance of a most interesting fact to terminate his history withal. +What makes this more likely is, that this bishop is recorded to have +removed the body of St. Callista from its original position, and placed it +under the high altar, at which he said mass daily. After his own +martyrdom, St. Agellius was placed under the high altar also. + + + THE END. + + + THE ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS LIMITED + + + + + + + FOOTNOTES + + +_ 1 Vide_ Oxford transl. of St. Cyprian. + + 2 Here is an anachronism, as regards Arnobius and Lactantius of some + twenty or thirty years. + + 3 Bacon. + + + + + + TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE + + +The author's footnotes have been moved to the end of the volume. + +The following typographical errors were corrected: + + page 10, single quote changed to double quote after "pilum," + page 34, "off?" changed to "off!" + page 42, "tomatos" changed to "tomatoes" + page 69, comma removed after "spirit" + page 135, "lees" changed to "less" + page 137, "do!" changed to "do?" + page 157, single quote changed to double quote after "stronger," + page 181, "aud" changed to "and" + page 201, period changed to question mark after "Carthage" + page 207, "throughont" changed to "throughout" + page 228, "Saturu" changed to "Saturn" + page 230, period added after "best" + page 232, period added after "again" + page 239, "ou" changed to "on" + page 240, "be" changed to "he" + page 248, "you" changed to "your" + page 255, "to" changed to "too" + page 256, "n" changed to "in" + page 263, period changed to comma after "said" + page 278, period changed to question mark after "it" + page 300, period added after "gods" + page 303, single quote added after "do?" + page 310, quote removed before "If", added before "it" + page 313, comma changed to period after "was" + page 333, "corrider" changed to "corridor" + page 347, comma changed to period after "initiation" + page 348, period added after "voice" + page 379, "Jesu's" changed to "Jesus'" + +Variations in spelling (like "jailer" and "jailor", "Asper" and "Aspar", +"Phenician" and "Phoenician", "Thibursicumber" and "Thibursicumbur") and +hyphenation (e.g. "farm-house" and "farmhouse", "goodwill" and +"good-will") were not changed. + + + + + +***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CALLISTA*** + + + + CREDITS + + +December 13, 2009 + + Project Gutenberg TEI edition 1 + Produced by David Clarke, Stefan Cramme, and the Online + Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This + file was produced from images generously made available by The + Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries) + + + + A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG + + +This file should be named 30664.txt or 30664.zip. + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + + + http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/0/6/6/30664/ + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one -- the old editions will be +renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one +owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and +you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission +and without paying copyright royalties. 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