initial commit of ebook 30626HEADmain

1 files changed, 1999 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/30626.txt b/30626.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7060160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30626.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1999 @@
+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume
+1, Number 2, February, 1897, by anonymous
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume 1, Number 2, February, 1897
+       A Monthly Serial Designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life
+
+
+Author: anonymous
+
+
+
+Release Date: December 8, 2009  [eBook #30626]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR
+PHOTOGRAPH, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY, 1897***
+
+
+E-text prepared by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer, and the
+Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+(http://www.pgdp.net). Some images were generously provided by Internet
+Archive (http://www.archive.org).
+
+
+
+Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this
+      file which includes the original lovely illustrations.
+      See 30626-h.htm or 30626-h.zip:
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30626/30626-h/30626-h.htm)
+      or
+      (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/30626/30626-h.zip)
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+      Title added.
+
+
+
+
+
+             BIRDS.
+ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+================================
+VOL. I.   FEBRUARY 1897    NO. 2
+================================
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    FROM: THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION.
+
+                       _STATE OF NEW YORK_
+               _Department of Public Instruction_
+                    _SUPERINTENDENT'S OFFICE_
+
+                                _Albany_ December 26, 1896.
+
+  [Illustration: (seal)]
+  _Stenographic Letter_
+  Dictated by __________
+
+
+  W. E. Watt, President &c.,
+                   Fisher Building,
+                       277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.
+
+  My dear Sir:
+
+  Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first publication of "Birds."
+  Please enter my name as a regular subscriber. It is one of the most
+  beautiful and interesting publications yet attempted in this direction.
+  It has other attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its
+  way to popular favor.
+
+  Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity,
+  I remain
+
+                   Yours very respectfully,
+                   [signature]
+                                State Superintendent.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ THE WONDERFUL
+ SINGER
+ PIANOS
+
+    HONESTLY
+      CONSTRUCTED
+
+ TONE
+ QUALITY
+ DURABILITY
+
+ MANDOLIN
+ EFFECTS
+ PRODUCED AT WILL
+
+ SINGER PIANO CO.
+ COR. JACKSON ST. & WABASH AVE. CHICAGO
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+ HERO BICYCLE   MODEL   FOR BOYS   Diamond or
+                1897    OR GIRLS   Drop Frame
+
+ GIVEN TO SUBSCRIBERS FOR "BIRDS." WRITE FOR PARTICULARS.
+
+ 20-INCH
+ WHEELS FOR
+ 30
+ SUBSCRIBERS
+
+ 24-INCH           [Illustration: IT'S A BEAUTY!]
+ WHEELS FOR
+ 35
+ SUBSCRIBERS
+
+ 26-INCH
+ WHEELS FOR
+ 40
+ SUBSCRIBERS
+
+ These Wheels are made by a responsible firm and are guaranteed by
+ the Home Rattan Co. Very best of material used throughout in the
+ construction.
+
+
+
+
+ The Crown Fountain Pen.
+
+ AWARDED TWO MEDALS AND FOUR DIPLOMAS
+ AT WORLD'S FAIR, CHICAGO, 1893.
+
+ The Pen is of Solid Gold
+ and the Workmanship                                         One of
+ is of the                 [Illustration]                These Pens
+ BEST                                                   Price $2.25
+ Throughout.                                        Given Away with
+                                         Three Yearly Subscriptions
+                                  to "BIRDS"
+
+    ADDRESS ...
+    NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING CO.
+ FISHER BUILDING,        CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+ THE
+ AMERICAN COLLEGE of
+ ORATORY and ELOCUTION
+
+ is the best place to prepare to become public speakers
+ and entertainers. A course of #32 Evening Lessons for
+ $5.00#. Saturday class, 24 lessons, beginning at 1:30 p.m.,
+ only $8.00. #Regular Day Instruction $12.50 per month.#
+
+ A #distinguished# faculty of eleven instructors, together
+ with the best location, largest recital rooms, finest
+ furnished and elegant in every respect, makes this
+ the #Best College of Oratory in America#.
+
+ #Stammering# and defective speech cured.
+
+ #Dancing# only $2.00 for eight evening lessons; eight
+ 4 o'clock afternoon lessons, only $3; latest society, waltz,
+ two-step, glide, etc., on Monday, Wednesday, Friday
+ and Saturday evenings. Afternoon classes each afternoon
+ at 4 o'clock. All fancy and stage dances taught.
+
+    MODERN METHODS AND
+    POPULAR PRICES
+
+ is our motto. Prepare for contests at the American.
+ Diplomas granted and prizes awarded. Public recitals
+ each month. Call or address,
+
+ M. T. DODGE, President,
+       704 Masonic Temple, CHICAGO.
+
+
+
+
+ ESTABLISHED 1857.
+
+ FRED. KAEMPFER,
+
+ Taxidermist and
+ Bird Fancier
+
+ BIRDS     CAGES
+    GOLD FISH
+       AND
+     AQUARIA
+
+ Mocking Bird Food, Bird Seeds, etc.
+
+ TAXIDERMY IN ALL ITS BRANCHES AND A
+     FULL LINE OF TAXIDERMIST'S
+             MATERIALS.
+
+ French Moss, Artificial Leaves,
+             Glass Eyes for Birds and Animals,
+     Oologist's and Entomologist's Supplies.
+
+ 217 Madison Street near Franklin Street,
+             CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+
+
+
+ 1897      The Latest Improved and Best      Bicycle Lamp
+               CHEAPEST HIGH GRADE
+
+
+ WEIGHT 12 OUNCES     THE "STAY-LIT"     PATENTS PENDING
+ HEIGHT 6 INCHES
+
+ Burns Kerosene.
+ Packed Oil Font Prevents Leaking.
+ Burns 10 to 12 Hours.
+ Always Cool.
+ Perfected Construction.
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ Impossible to Blow or Jar Out.
+ Original, New and Beautiful Designs.
+ Side Jewels.
+ Rigid Bracket.
+ PRICE $2.50
+
+ The "STAY-LIT" Lamp is made of the best grade of Brass highly Nickeled
+ and Polished. With all parts riveted, and easily cleaned. With its
+ polished Ground Lense and Parabolic Reflector it throws a better light
+ farther in advance of rider than any other lamp.
+
+ For Sale by  STAY-LIT MFG. CO.,   910 Tacoma   CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A.
+ Dealers or                        Building,
+
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+ EVERY TEACHER
+
+ finds daily in her work
+ some new and perplexing
+ problem to solve.
+
+ With
+
+ THE TEACHER'S
+   PRACTICAL LIBRARY
+
+ at hand for consultation the
+ answer may always be found.
+
+ #It will cost you nothing#
+
+ to have this Library placed upon
+ your table for inspection.
+
+ Send postal-card for particulars,
+ mentioning this paper.
+
+                             AGENTS WANTED
+
+  D. APPLETON & CO., Publishers
+       NEW YORK--CHICAGO.
+ CHICAGO OFFICE--243 Wabash Ave.
+
+
+
+
+ What would George Washington
+    think of
+  Mark Hanna?
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ If you want to
+ know, read
+   #"SPIRITS
+       OF '76,"#
+ By FREDERICK
+ UPHAM ADAMS,
+ in last number of
+
+ NEW OCCASIONS
+
+ A magazine of Reform; 96 pages; $1.00
+ a year; 10 cents a copy. No free samples,
+ but to any one sending us 6 2-cent
+ stamps we will mail a sample copy with
+ several reform books; over 300 pages
+ in all. Agents wanted.
+
+ #Charles H. Kerr & Company, Publishers,
+       56 Fifth Ave., Chicago.#
+
+
+
+
+ Buy Only the Best Presents for Children.
+      THE FINEST BLACKBOARD MADE.
+
+ IMPROVED
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ Indispensable as an element for the general
+ education of the children. This is not a toy,
+ but an Educator for the home. Contains Sixteen
+ Lessons on heavy cardboard: Writing, Drawing,
+ Marking-letters, Music, Animal Forms, etc.
+ Frame made of oak, 4 feet high and 2 feet wide.
+ The Board is reversible and can be used on both
+ sides. Has a desk attachment for writing.
+ Weighs 10 pounds, packed for shipment.
+
+ Price $3.50                    Agents Wanted.
+                            Send for Agents Prices.
+
+ THE VAN-BENSON COMPANY,
+        84 Adams Street, CHICAGO, U.S.A.
+
+
+
+
+ "THE QUEEN"       WOOD'S KITCHEN
+                      CABINET.
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ Has drawers for Linen, Spices, etc.
+ Receptacles for different kinds of Flour.
+
+ #A Necessity.      Price only $10.#
+
+      THE QUEEN CABINET COMPANY,
+ Dept. ----, 212 Monroe St., CHICAGO.
+
+ Descriptive matter mailed free to any address
+                 on request.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+BIRDS
+
+A MONTHLY
+
+ILLUSTRATED BY
+COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY
+
+[Illustration: AMERICAN BLUE JAY.]
+
+NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY
+OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: AMERICAN BLUE JAY.]
+
+THE BLUE JAY.
+
+
+During about three-fourths of the year the American Jay is an extremely
+tame, noisy and even obstrusive bird in its habits. As the breeding
+season approaches he suddenly becomes silent, preparing the nest in
+the most secluded parts of his native forests, and exercising all his
+cunning to keep it concealed. He is omniverous but is especially fond
+of eggs and young birds. The Jay may be regarded as eminently injurious
+though in spring he consumes a number of insects to atone for his sins
+of stealing fruit and berries in autumn. He is a professional nest
+robber, and other birds are as watchful of him as is a mother of her
+babe. He glides through the foliage of the trees so swiftly and
+noiselessly that his presence is scarcely suspected until he has
+committed some depredation. The Robin is his most wary foe, and when
+the Jay is found near his nest will pursue him and drive him from the
+neighborhood. He is as brave as he is active, however, and dashes boldly
+in pursuit of his more plainly attired neighbors who venture to intrude
+upon his domain.
+
+The Jay has a curious antipathy toward the owl, perching on trees
+above it and keeping up a continual screeching. Some years ago an Ohio
+gentleman was presented with a magnificent specimen of the horned owl,
+which he kept for a time in a large tin cage. In favorable weather the
+cage was set out of doors, when it would soon be surrounded by Jays,
+much in the manner described of the Toucan, and an incessant screeching
+followed, to which the owl appeared indifferent. They would venture
+near enough to steal a portion of his food, the bars of his cage being
+sufficiently wide apart to admit them. On one occasion, however, he
+caught the tail of a Jay in his claws and left the tormentor without
+his proud appendage.
+
+The Jay remains with us throughout the year. He is one of the wildest
+of our birds, the shyest of man, although seeing him most. He makes no
+regular migrations at certain seasons, but, unless disturbed, will live
+out his life close to his favorite haunts. His wings show him to be
+unfitted for extended flight.
+
+Jays are most easily discovered in the morning about sunrise on the tops
+of young live oaks. Their notes are varied. Later in the day it is more
+difficult to find them, as they are more silent, and not so much on the
+tree tops as among the bushes.
+
+The Jays breed in woods, forests, orchards, preferring old and very
+shady trees, placing their nests in the center against the body, or at
+the bifurcation of large limbs. The nest is formed of twigs and roots;
+the eggs are from four to six.
+
+
+THE BLUE JAY.
+
+    Something glorious, something gay,
+    Flits and flashes this-a-way!
+    'Thwart the hemlock's dusky shade,
+    Rich in color full displayed,
+    Swiftly vivid as a flame--
+    Blue as heaven and white as snow--
+    Doth this lovely creature go.
+    What may be his dainty name?
+    "Only this"--the people say--
+    "Saucy, chattering, scolding Jay!"
+
+
+
+
+THE SWALLOW-TAILED INDIAN ROLLER.
+
+
+Swallow-tailed Indian Rollers are natives of Northeastern Africa and
+Senegambia, and also the interior of the Niger district. The bird is
+so called from its way of occasionally rolling or turning over in its
+flight, somewhat after the fashion of a tumbler pigeon. A traveller in
+describing the habits of the Roller family, says:
+
+"On the 12th of April I reached Jericho alone, and remained there in
+solitude for several days, during which time I had many opportunities
+of observing the grotesque habits of the Roller. For several successive
+evenings, great flocks of Rollers mustered shortly before sunset on some
+dona trees near the fountain, with all the noise but without the decorum
+of Rooks. After a volley of discordant screams, from the sound of which
+it derives its Arabic name of "schurkrak," a few birds would start from
+their perches and commence overhead a series of somersaults. In a moment
+or two they would be followed by the whole flock, and these gambols
+would be repeated for a dozen times or more.
+
+"Everywhere it takes its perch on some conspicuous branch or on the top
+of a rock, where it can see and be seen. The bare tops of the fig trees,
+before they put forth their leaves, are in the cultivated terraces, a
+particularly favorite resort. In the barren Ghor I have often watched it
+perched unconcernedly on a knot of gravel or marl in the plain, watching
+apparently for the emergence of beetles from the sand. Elsewhere I have
+not seen it settle on the ground.
+
+"Like Europeans in the East, it can make itself happy without chairs and
+tables in the desert, but prefers a comfortable easy chair when it is to
+be found. Its nest I have seen in ruins, in holes in rocks, in burrows,
+in steep sand cliffs, but far more generally in hollow trees. The colony
+in the Wady Kelt used burrows excavated by themselves, and many a hole
+did they relinquish, owing to the difficulty of working it. So cunningly
+were the nests placed under a crumbling, treacherous ledge, overhanging
+a chasm of perhaps one or two hundred feet, that we were completely
+foiled in our siege. We obtained a nest of six eggs, quite fresh, in
+a hollow tree in Bashan, near Gadara, on the 6th of May.
+
+"The total length of the Roller is about twelve inches. The
+Swallow-tailed Indian Roller, of which we present a specimen, differs
+from the Europeon Roller only in having the outer tail feathers
+elongated to an extent of several inches."
+
+[Illustration: SWALLOW-TAILED INDIAN ROLLER.]
+
+
+
+
+THE RED HEADED WOODPECKER.
+
+
+Perhaps no bird in North America is more universally known than the Red
+Headed Woodpecker. He is found in all parts of the United States and is
+sometimes called, for short, by the significant name of Red Head. His
+tri-colored plumage, red, white and black, glossed with steel blue, is
+so striking and characteristic, and his predatory habits in the orchards
+and cornfields, and fondness for hovering along the fences, so very
+notorious, that almost every child is acquainted with the Red Headed
+Woodpecker. In the immediate neighborhood of large cities, where the old
+timber is chiefly cut down, he is not so frequently found. Wherever
+there is a deadening, however, you will find him, and in the dead tops
+and limbs of high trees he makes his home. Towards the mountains,
+particularly in the vicinity of creeks and rivers, these birds are
+extremely numerous, especially in the latter end of summer. It is
+interesting to hear them rattling on the dead leaves of trees or see
+them on the roadside fences, where they flit from stake to stake. We
+remember a tremendous and quite alarming and afterwards ludicrous
+rattling by one of them on some loose tin roofing on a neighbor's house.
+This occurred so often that the owner, to secure peace, had the roof
+repaired.
+
+They love the wild cherries, the earliest and sweetest apples, for,
+as is said of him, "he is so excellent a connoisseur in fruit, that
+whenever an apple or pear is found broached by him, it is sure to be
+among the ripest and best flavored. When alarmed he seizes a capital one
+by striking his open bill into it, and bears it off to the woods." He
+eats the rich, succulent, milky young corn with voracity. He is of a
+gay and frolicsome disposition, and half a dozen of the fraternity are
+frequently seen diving and vociferating around the high dead limbs of
+some large trees, pursuing and playing with each other, and amusing the
+passerby with their gambols. He is a comical fellow, too, prying around
+at you from the bole of a tree or from his nesting hole therein.
+
+Though a lover of fruit, he does more good than injury. Insects are his
+natural food, and form at least two thirds of his subsistence. He
+devours the destructive insects that penetrate the bark and body of a
+tree to deposit their eggs and larvae.
+
+About the middle of May, he begins to construct his nest, which is
+formed in the body of large limbs of trees, taking in no material but
+smoothing it within to the proper shape and size. The female lays six
+eggs, of a pure white. The young appear about the first of June. About
+the middle of September the Red Heads begin to migrate to warmer
+climates, travelling at night time in an irregular way like a disbanded
+army and stopping for rest and food through the day.
+
+The black snake is the deadly foe of the Red Head, frequently entering
+his nest, feeding upon the young, and remaining for days in possession.
+
+"The eager school-boy, after hazarding his neck to reach the
+Woodpecker's hole, at the triumphant moment when he thinks the nestlings
+his own, strips his arm, launches it down into the cavity, and grasping
+what he conceives to be the callow young, starts with horror at the
+sight of a hideous snake, almost drops from his giddy pinnacle, and
+retreats down the tree with terror and precipitation."
+
+
+
+
+THE WOODPECKER.
+
+The Drummer Bird.
+
+
+My dear girls and boys:
+
+The man who told me to keep still and look pleasant while he took my
+picture said I might write you a letter to send with it. You say I
+always keep on the other side of the tree from you. That is because
+someone has told you that I spoil trees, and I am afraid that you will
+want to punish me for it. I do not spoil trees. The trees like to have
+me come to visit them, for I eat the insects that are killing them.
+Shall I tell you how I do this?
+
+I cling to the tree with my strong claws so sharply hooked. The pointed
+feathers of my tail are stiff enough to help hold me against the bark.
+Then my breast bone is quite flat, so that I may press close to the
+tree. When I am all ready you hear my r-r-rap--just like a rattle. My
+head goes as quickly as if it were moved by a spring. Such a strong,
+sharp bill makes the chips fly! The tiny tunnel I dig just reaches the
+insect.
+
+Then I thrust out my long tongue. It has a sharp, horny tip, and has
+barbs on it too. Very tiny insects stick to a liquid like glue that
+covers my tongue. I suppose I must tell you that I like a taste of the
+ripest fruit and grain. Don't you think I earn a little when I work so
+hard keeping the trees healthy?
+
+I must tell you about the deep tunnel my mate and I cut out of a tree.
+It is just wide enough for us to slip into. It is not straight down, but
+bent, so that the rain cannot get to the bottom. There we make a nest of
+little chips for our five white eggs.
+
+I should like to tell you one of the stories that some boys and girls
+tell about my red head. You will find it on another page of the book.
+Now I must fly away to peck for more bugs.
+
+                               Your loving friend,
+                                            WOODPECKER.
+
+[Illustration: RED HEADED WOODPECKER.]
+
+
+
+
+MEXICAN MOT MOT.
+
+
+Mot mots are peculiar to the new world, being found from Mexico
+throughout the whole of Central America and the South American
+continent. The general plumage is green, and the majority of the species
+have a large racket at the end of the center tail feathers, formed by
+the bird itself.
+
+The Houton, (so called from his note,) according to Waterson, ranks high
+in beauty among the birds of Demerara. This beautiful creature seems to
+suppose that its beauty can be increased by trimming its tail, which
+undergoes the same operation as one's hair in a barber shop, using its
+own beak, which is serrated, in lieu of a pair of scissors. As soon as
+its tail is fully grown, he begins about an inch from the extremity of
+the two longest feathers in it and cuts away the web on both sides of
+the shaft, making a gap about an inch long. Both male and female wear
+their tails in this manner, which gives them a remarkable appearance
+among all other birds.
+
+To observe this bird in his native haunts, one must be in the forest
+at dawn. He shuns the society of man. The thick and gloomy forests are
+preferred by the Houton. In those far extending wilds, about day-break,
+you hear him call in distinct and melancholy tone, "Houton, Houton!"
+An observer says, "Move cautiously to the place from which the sound
+proceeds, and you will see him sitting in the underwood, about a couple
+of yards from the ground, his tail moving up and down every time he
+articulates "Houton!"."
+
+The Mot Mot lives on insects and berries found among the underwood, and
+very rarely is seen in the lofty trees. He makes no nest, but rears his
+young in a hole in the sand, generally on the side of a hill.
+
+Mr. Osbert Salvin tells this curious anecdote: "Some years ago the
+Zoological Society possessed a specimen which lived in one of the large
+cages of the parrot house by itself. I have a very distinct recollection
+of the bird, for I used every time I saw it to cheer it up a bit by
+whistling such of its notes as I had picked up in the forests of
+America. The bird always seemed to appreciate this attention, for
+although it never replied, it became at once animated, hopped about the
+cage, and swung its tail from side to side like the pendulum of a clock.
+For a long time its tail had perfect spatules, but toward the end of its
+life I noticed that the median feathers were no longer trimmed with such
+precision, and on looking at its beak I noticed that from some cause or
+other it did not close properly, gaped slightly at the tip, and had thus
+become unfitted for removing the vanes of the feathers."
+
+
+
+
+KING PARROT OR KING LORY.
+
+
+Lory is the name of certain birds, mostly from the Moluccas and New
+Guinea, which are remarkable for their bright scarlet or crimson
+coloring, though also applied to some others in which the plumage is
+chiefly green. Much interest has been excited by the discovery of
+Dr. A. B. Meyer that the birds of this genus having a red plumage are
+the females of those wearing green feathers. For a time there was much
+difference of opinion on this subject, but the assertion is now
+generally admitted.
+
+They are called "brush-tongued" Parrots. The color of the first plumage
+of the young is still unsettled. This bird is a favorite among bird
+fanciers, is readily tamed, and is of an affectionate nature. It can be
+taught to speak very creditably, and is very fond of attracting the
+attention of strangers and receiving the caresses of those whom it
+likes.
+
+There are few things a parrot prefers to nuts and the stones of various
+fruits. Wood says he once succeeded in obtaining the affections of a
+Parisian Parrot, solely through the medium of peach stones which he
+always saved for the bird and for which it regularly began to gabble as
+soon as it saw him coming. "When taken freshly from the peach," he says,
+"the stones are very acceptable to the parrot, who turns them over,
+chuckling all the while to show his satisfaction, and picking all the
+soft parts from the deep indentations in the stone." He used to crack
+the stone before giving it to the bird, when his delight knew no bounds.
+They are fond of hot condiments, cayenne pepper or the capsicum pod. If
+a bird be ailing, a capsicum will often set it right again.
+
+The parrot is one of the hardiest of birds when well cared for and
+will live to a great age. Some of these birds have been known to attain
+an age of seventy years, and one seen by Vaillant had reached the
+patriarchal age of ninety three. At sixty its memory began to fail, at
+sixty-five the moult became very irregular and the tail changed to
+yellow. At ninety it was a very decrepit creature, almost blind and
+quite silent, having forgotten its former abundant stock of words.
+
+A gentleman once had for many years a parrot of seemingly rare
+intelligence. It was his custom during the summer to hang the parrot's
+cage in front of his shop in a country village, where the bird would
+talk and laugh and cry, and condole with itself. Dogs were his special
+aversion and on occasions when he had food to spare, he would drop it
+out of the cage and whistle long and loud for them. When the dogs had
+assembled to his satisfaction he would suddenly scream in the fiercest
+accents, "Get out, dogs!" and when they had scattered in alarm his
+enjoyment of it was demonstrative. This parrot's vocabulary, however,
+was not the most refined, his master having equipped him with certain
+piratical idioms.
+
+According to authority, the parrot owner will find the health of his pet
+improved and its happiness promoted by giving it, every now and then, a
+small log or branch on which the mosses and lichens are still growing.
+Meat, fish, and other similar articles of diet are given with evil
+effects.
+
+It is impossible for anyone who has only seen these birds in a cage or
+small inclosure to conceive what must be the gorgeous appearance of a
+flock, either in full flight, and performing their various evolutions,
+under a vertical sun, or sporting among the superb foliage of a tropical
+forest which, without these, and other brilliant tenants, would present
+only a solitude of luxuriant vegetation.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: KING PARROT.]
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN ROBIN.
+
+The Bird of the Morning.
+
+
+Yes, my dear readers, I am the bird of the morning. Very few of you rise
+early enough to hear my first song. By the time you are awake our little
+ones have had their breakfast, Mrs. Robin and I have had our morning
+bath and we are all ready to greet you with our morning song.
+
+I wonder if any of you have seen our nest and can tell the color of the
+eggs that Mrs. Robin lays. Some time I will let you peep into the nest
+and see them, but of course you will not touch them.
+
+I wonder, too, if you know any of my cousins--the Mocking bird, the
+Cat-bird or the Brown Thrush--I think I shall ask them to have their
+pictures taken soon and talk to you about our gay times.
+
+Did you ever see one of my cousins on the ground? I don't believe you
+can tell how I move about. Some of you may say I run, and some of you
+may say I hop, and others of you may say I do both. Well, I'll tell you
+how to find out. Just watch me and see. My little friends up north won't
+be able to see me though until next month, as I do not dare leave the
+warm south until Jack Frost leaves the ground so I can find worms to
+eat.
+
+I shall be about the first bird to visit you next month and I want you
+to watch for me. When I do come it will be to stay a long time, for I
+shall be the last to leave you. Just think, the first to come and last
+to leave. Don't you think we ought to be great friends? Let us get
+better acquainted when next we meet. Your friend,
+
+                                              ROBIN.
+
+
+    How do the robins build their nest?
+    Robin Red Breast told me,
+    First a wisp of yellow hay
+    In a pretty round they lay;
+    Then some shreds of downy floss,
+    Feathers too, and bits of moss,
+    Woven with a sweet, sweet song,
+    This way, that way, and across:
+    That's what Robin told me.
+
+    Where do the robins hide their nest?
+    Robin Red Breast told me,
+    Up among the leaves so deep,
+    Where the sunbeams rarely creep,
+    Long before the winds are cold,
+    Long before the leaves are gold
+    Bright-eyed stars will peep and see
+    Baby Robins--one, two, three:
+    That's what Robin told me.
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN ROBIN.
+
+"Come, sweetest of the feathered throng."
+
+
+Our American Robin must not be confounded with the English Robin
+Redbreast, although both bear the same name. It is the latter bird in
+whose praise so much has been written in fable and song. The American
+Robin belongs to the Thrush family; the Mocking bird, Cat-bird and Brown
+Thrush, or Thrasher, being other familiar children. In this family, bird
+organization reaches its highest development. This bird is larger than
+his English cousin the Redbreast and many think has a finer note than
+any other of the Thrush family.
+
+The Robin courts the society of man, following close upon the plow and
+the spade and often becoming quite tame and domestic. It feeds for a
+month or two on strawberries and cherries, but generally on worms and
+insects picked out of the ground. It destroys the larvae of many insects
+in the soil and is a positive blessing to man, designed by the Creator
+for ornament and pleasure, and use in protecting vegetation. John
+Burroughs, the bird lover, says it is the most native and democratic of
+our birds.
+
+It is widely diffused over the country, migrating to milder climates in
+the Winter. We have heard him in the early dawn on Nantucket Island
+welcoming the coming day, in the valleys of the Great and the little
+Miami, in the parks of Chicago, and on the plains of Kansas, his song
+ever cheering and friendly. It is one of the earliest heralds of Spring,
+coming as early as March or April, and is one of the latest birds to
+leave us in Autumn. Its song is a welcome prelude to the general concert
+of Summer.
+
+    "When Robin Redbreast sings,
+     We think on budding Springs."
+
+The Robin is not one of our most charming songsters, yet its carol is
+sweet, hearty and melodious. Its principal song is in the morning
+before sunrise, when it mounts the top of some tall tree, and with its
+wonderful power of song, announces the coming of day. When educated, it
+imitates the sounds of various birds, and even sings tunes. It must be
+amusing to hear it pipe out so solemn a strain as Old Hundred.
+
+It has no remarkable habits. It shows considerable courage and anxiety
+for its young, and is a pattern of propriety when keeping house and
+concerned with the care of its offspring. Two broods are often reared
+out of the same nest. In the Fall these birds become restless and
+wandering, often congregating in large flocks, when, being quite fat,
+they are much esteemed as food.
+
+The Robin's nest is sometimes built in a corner of the porch, but
+oftener it is saddled on the horizontal limb of an orchard tree. It is
+so large and poorly concealed that any boy can find it, yet it is seldom
+molested. The Robin is not a skillful architect. The masonry of its nest
+is rough and the material coarse, being composed largely of leaves or
+old grass, cemented with mud. The eggs number four to six and are
+greenish blue in color.
+
+An observer tells the following story of this domestic favorite:
+
+"For the last three years a Robin has nested on a projecting pillar that
+supports the front piazza. In the Spring of the first year she built her
+nest on the top of the pillar--a rude affair--it was probably her first
+effort. The same season she made her second nest in the forks of an Oak,
+which took her only a few hours to complete.
+
+[Continued page 59.]
+
+[Illustration: AMERICAN ROBIN.]
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: MEXICAN MOT MOT.]
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN ROBIN. (Continued)
+
+"She reared three broods that season; for the third family she returned
+to the piazza, and repaired the first nest. The following Spring she
+came again to the piazza, but selected another pillar for the site of
+her domicile, the construction of which was a decided improvement upon
+the first. For the next nest she returned to the Oak and raised a second
+story on the old one of the previous year, but making it much more
+symmetrical than the one beneath. The present season her first dwelling
+was as before, erected on a pillar of the piazza--as fine a structure as
+I ever saw this species build. When this brood was fledged she again
+repaired to the Oak, and reared a third story on the old domicile, using
+the moss before mentioned, making a very elaborate affair, and finally
+finishing up by festooning it with long sprays of moss. This bird and
+her mate were quite tame. I fed them with whortleberries, which they
+seemed to relish, and they would come almost to my feet to get them.
+
+The amount of food which the young robin is capable of absorbing is
+enormous. A couple of vigorous, half-grown birds have been fed, and in
+twelve hours devoured ravenously, sixty-eight earth worms, weighing
+thirty-four pennyweight, or forty-one per cent more than their own
+weight. A man at this rate should eat about seventy pounds of flesh per
+day, and drink five or six gallons of water.
+
+The following poem by the good Quaker poet Whittier is sweet because
+_he_ wrote it, interesting because it recites an old legend which
+incidentally explains the color of the robin's breast, and unique
+because it is one of the few poems about our American bird.
+
+
+THE ROBIN.
+
+     My old Welsh neighbor over the way
+       Crept slowly out in the sun of spring,
+     Pushed from her ears the locks of gray,
+       And listened to hear the robin sing.
+
+     Her grandson, playing at marbles, stopped,
+       And--cruel in sport, as boys will be--
+     Tossed a stone at the bird, who hopped
+       From bough to bough in the apple tree.
+
+    "Nay!" said the grandmother; "have you not heard,
+       My poor, bad boy! of the fiery pit,
+     And how, drop by drop, this merciful bird
+       Carries the water that quenches it?
+
+    "He brings cool dew in his little bill,
+       And lets it fall on the souls of sin:
+     You can see the mark on his red breast still
+       Of fires that scorch as he drops it in.
+
+    "My poor Bron rhuddyn! my breast-burned bird,
+       Singing so sweetly from limb to limb,
+     Very dear to the heart of Our Lord
+       Is he who pities the lost like Him."
+
+    "Amen!" I said to the beautiful myth;
+       "Sing, bird of God, in my heart as well:
+     Each good thought is a drop wherewith
+       To cool and lessen the fires of hell.
+
+    "Prayers of love like rain-drops fall,
+       Tears of pity are cooling dew,
+     And dear to the heart of Our Lord are all
+       Who suffer like Him in the good they do."
+
+
+
+
+THE KINGFISHER.
+
+
+Dear Children:
+
+I shall soon arrive from the south. I hear that all the birds are going
+to tell stories to the boys and girls.
+
+I have never talked much with children myself for I never really cared
+for people. They used to say that the dead body of a Kingfisher kept
+them safe in war and they said also that it protected them in lightning.
+
+Even now in some places in France they call us the moth birds, for they
+believe that our bodies will keep away moths from woolen cloth.
+
+I wish that people would not believe such things about us. Perhaps you
+cannot understand me when I talk. You may think that you hear only a
+child's rattle.
+
+Listen again! It is I, the Kingfisher. That sound is my way of talking.
+I live in the deep woods. I own a beautiful stream and a clear, cool
+lake. Oh, the little fish in that lake are good enough for a king to
+eat! I know, for I am a king.
+
+You may see me or some of my mates near the lake any pleasant day.
+People used to say that we always brought pleasant weather. That is a
+joke. It is the pleasant weather that always brings us from our homes.
+When it storms or rains we cannot see the fish in the lake. Then we may
+as well stay in our nests.
+
+My home once belonged to a water rat. He dug the fine hall in the gravel
+bank in my stream. It is nearly six feet long. The end of it is just the
+kind of a place for a nest. It is warm, dry and dark. In June my wife
+and I will settle down in it. By that time we shall have the nest well
+lined with fish bones. We shall put in some dried grass too. The fish
+bones make a fine lining for a nest. You know we swallow the fish whole,
+but we save all the bones for our nest.
+
+I shall help my wife hatch her five white eggs and shall try in every
+way to make my family safe.
+
+Please tell the people not to believe those strange things about me and
+you will greatly oblige,
+
+                      A neighbor,
+                         THE KINGFISHER.
+
+ [Illustration: KINGFISHER.
+                Copyrighted by
+                Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.]
+
+
+
+
+THE KINGFISHER.
+
+The Lone Fisherman.
+
+
+The American species belongs to the true group of Kingfishers. It
+occupies the whole continent of North America and although migrating in
+the north, he is a constant resident of our southern states. The belted
+Kingfisher is the only variety found along the inland streams of the
+United States. Audubon declares that "belted" should apply only to the
+female, however.
+
+Like most birds of brilliant plumage, the Kingfisher prefers a quiet
+and secluded haunt. It loves the little trout streams, with wooded and
+precipitous banks, the still ponds and small lakes, ornamental waters
+in parks, where it is not molested, and the sides of sluggish rivers,
+drains and mill-ponds.
+
+Here in such a haunt the bird often flits past like an indistinct gleam
+of bluish light. Fortune may sometimes favor the observer and the bird
+may alight on some twig over the stream, its weight causing it to sway
+gently to and fro. It eagerly scans the shoal of young trout sporting in
+the pool below, when suddenly it drops down into the water, and, almost
+before the observer is aware of the fact, is back again to its perch
+with a struggling fish in its beak. A few blows on the branch and its
+prey is ready for the dexterous movement of the bill, which places it
+in a position for swallowing. Sometimes the captured fish is adroitly
+jerked into the air and caught as it falls.
+
+Fish is the principal food of the Kingfisher; but it also eats various
+kinds of insects, shrimps, and even small crabs. It rears its young in
+a hole, which is made in the banks of the stream it frequents. It is a
+slatternly bird, fouls its own nest and its peerless eggs. The nesting
+hole is bored rather slowly, and takes from one to two weeks to
+complete. Six or eight white glossy eggs are laid, sometimes on the bare
+soil, but often on the fish bones which, being indigestible, are thrown
+up by the bird in pellets.
+
+The Kingfisher has a crest of feathers on the top of his head, which he
+raises and lowers, especially when trying to drive intruders away from
+his nest.
+
+The plumage is compact and oily, making it almost impervious to water.
+The flesh is fishy and disagreeable to the taste, but the eggs are said
+to be good eating. The wings are long and pointed and the bill longer
+than the head. The voice is harsh and monotonous.
+
+It is said that few birds are connected with more fables than the
+Kingfisher. The superstition that a dead Kingfisher when suspended
+by the throat, would turn its beak to that particular point of the
+compass from which the wind blew, is now dead. It was also supposed
+to possess many astonishing virtues, as that its dried body would avert
+thunderbolts, and if kept in a wardrobe would preserve from moths the
+woolen stuffs and the like contained in it.
+
+Under the name of "halcyon," it was fabled by the ancients to build its
+nest on the surface of the sea, and to have the power of calming the
+troubled waves during its period of incubation; hence the phrase
+"halcyon days."
+
+A pair of Kingfishers have had their residence in a bank at the south
+end of Washington Park, Chicago, for at least three seasons past. We
+have watched the Kingfisher from secluded spots on Long Island ponds and
+tidal streams, where his peculiar laughing note is the same as that
+which greets the ear of the fisherman on far inland streams on still
+summer days.
+
+
+
+
+THE BLACKBIRD.
+
+    "I could not think so plain a bird
+       Could sing so fine a song."
+
+
+    One on another against the wall
+    Pile up the books--I am done with them all;
+    I shall be wise, if I ever am wise,
+    Out of my own ears, and of my own eyes.
+
+    One day of the woods and their balmy light--
+    One hour on the top of a breezy hill,
+    There in the sassafras all out of sight
+    The Blackbird is splitting his slender bill
+    For the ease of his heart:
+                  Do you think if he said
+    "I will sing like this bird with the mud colored back
+    And the two little spots of gold over his eyes,
+    Or like to this shy little creature that flies
+    So low to the ground, with the amethyst rings
+    About her small throat--all alive when she sings
+    With a glitter of shivering green--for the rest,
+    Gray shading to gray, with the sheen of her breast
+    Half rose and half fawn--
+                  Or like this one so proud,
+    That flutters so restless, and cries out so loud,
+    With stiff horny beak and a top-knotted head,
+    And a lining of scarlet laid under his wings--"
+    Do you think, if he said, "I'm ashamed to be black!"
+    That he could have shaken the sassafras-tree
+    As he does with the song he was born to? not he!
+                                     --ALICE CARY.
+
+
+    "Do you ne'er think what wondrous beings these?
+      Do you ne'er think who made them--who taught
+    The dialect they speak, where melodies
+      Alone are the interpreters of thought?
+    Whose household words are songs in many keys,
+      Sweeter than instrument of man ere caught!
+    Whose habitation in the tree-tops even
+      Are half-way houses on the road to heaven!
+
+           *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "You call them thieves or pillagers; but know,
+      They are the winged wardens of your farms,
+    Who from the cornfields drive the insidious foe,
+      And from your harvest keep a hundred harms;
+    Even the blackest of them all, the crow,
+      Renders good service as your man-at-arms,
+    Crushing the beetle in his coat of mail,
+      And crying havoc on the slug and snail."
+                 --FROM "THE BIRDS OF KILLINGWORTH."
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: BLUE MOUNTAIN LORY.]
+
+BLUE MOUNTAIN LORY.
+
+
+This bird inhabits the vast plains of the interior of New South Wales.
+It is one of the handsomest, not only of the Australian Parrots, but
+takes foremost place among the most gorgeously dressed members of the
+Parrot family that are to be met with in any part of the world. It
+is about eleven or twelve inches in length. The female cannot with
+certainty be distinguished from her mate, but is usually a very little
+smaller. The Lory seldom descends to the ground, but passes the greater
+part of its life among the gum trees upon the pollen and nectar on which
+it mainly subsists. In times of scarcity, however, it will also eat
+grass seeds, as well as insects, for want of which it is said, it often
+dies prematurely when in captivity.
+
+Dr. Russ mentions that a pair obtained from a London dealer in 1870 for
+fifty dollars were the first of these birds imported, but the London
+Zoological Society had secured some of them two years before.
+
+Despite his beauty, the Blue Mountain Lory is not a desirable bird to
+keep, as he requires great care. A female which survived six years in an
+aviary, laying several eggs, though kept singly, was fed on canary seed,
+maize, a little sugar, raw beef and carrots. W. Gedney seems to have
+been peculiarly happy in his specimens, remarking, "But for the terribly
+sudden death which so often overtakes these birds, they would be the
+most charming feathered pets that a lady could possess, having neither
+the power nor inclination to bite savagely." The same writer's
+recommendation to feed this Lory exclusively upon soft food, in which
+honey forms a great part, probably accounts for his advice to those
+"whose susceptible natures would be shocked" by the sudden death of
+their favorite, not to become the owner of a Blue Mountain Lory.
+
+Like all the parrot family these Lories breed in hollow boughs, where
+the female deposits from three to four white eggs, upon which she sits
+for twenty-one days. The young from the first resemble their parents
+closely, but are a trifle less brilliantly colored.
+
+They are very active and graceful, but have an abominable shriek. The
+noise is said to be nearly as disagreeable as the plumage is beautiful.
+They are very quarrelsome and have to be kept apart from the other
+parrots, which they will kill. Other species of birds however, are not
+disturbed by them. It is a sort of family animosity. They have been bred
+in captivity.
+
+The feathers of the head and neck are long and very narrow and lie
+closely together; the claws are strong and hooked, indicating their tree
+climbing habits. Their incessant activity and amusing ways make these
+birds always interesting to watch.
+
+
+
+
+THE RED WING BLACK BIRD.
+
+The Bird of Society.
+
+    The blackbirds make the maples ring
+    With social cheer and jubilee;
+    The redwing flutes his o-ka-lee.--EMERSON.
+
+
+The much abused and persecuted Red Wing Black Bird is found throughout
+North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific; and it breeds more
+or less abundantly wherever found. In New England it is generally
+migratory, though instances are on record where a few have been known
+to remain throughout the winter in Massachusetts. Passing, in January,
+through the lower counties of Virginia, one frequently witnesses the
+aerial evolutions of great numbers of these birds. Sometimes they appear
+as if driven about like an enormous black cloud carried before the wind,
+varying every moment in shape. Sometimes they rise suddenly from the
+fields with a noise like thunder, while the glittering of innumerable
+wings of the brightest vermillion, amid the black cloud, occasion a very
+striking effect. At times the whole congregated multitude will suddenly
+alight in some detached grove and commence one general concert, that can
+plainly be distinguished at the distance of more than two miles. With
+the Redwings the whole winter season seems one continued carnival. They
+find abundant food in the old fields of rice, buckwheat and grain, and
+much of their time is spent in aerial movements, or in grand vocal
+performances.
+
+The Redwings, for their nest, always select either the borders of
+streams or low marshy situations, amongst thick bunches of reeds. One
+nest was found built on a slender sapling at the distance of fourteen
+feet from the ground. The nest was pensile, like that of the Baltimore
+Oriole.
+
+They have from one to three or more broods in a season, according to
+locality.
+
+In the grain growing states they gather in immense swarms and commit
+havoc, and although they are shot in great numbers, and though their
+ranks are thinned by the attacks of hawks, it seems to have but little
+effect upon the survivors.
+
+On the other hand, these Black Birds more than compensate the farmer
+for their mischief by the benefit they confer in the destruction of grub
+worms, caterpillars, and various kinds of larvae, the secret and deadly
+enemies of vegetation. It has been estimated the number of insects
+destroyed by these birds in a single season, in the United States, to
+be twelve thousand millions.
+
+The eggs average about an inch in length. They are oval in shape, have a
+light bluish ground, and are marbled, lined and blotched with markings
+of light and dark purple and black.
+
+
+BLACKBIRD.
+
+    'Tis a woodland enchanted!
+    By no sadder spirit
+    Than blackbirds and thrushes,
+    That whistle to cheer it
+    All day in the bushes,
+    This woodland is haunted;
+    And in a small clearing,
+    Beyond sight or hearing
+    Of human annoyance,
+    The little fount gushes.--LOWELL.
+
+[Illustration: RED-WING BLACK BIRD.]
+
+
+
+
+THE BIRD OF SOCIETY.
+
+
+The blackbird loves to be one of a great flock. He talks, sings or
+scolds from morning until night. He cannot keep still. He will only stay
+alone with his family a few months in the summer. That is the reason he
+is called the "Bird of Society." When he is merry, he gaily sings,
+"Conk-quer-ree." When he is angry or frightened he screams, "Chock!
+Chock!" When he is flying or bathing he gives a sweet note which sounds
+like ee-u-u. He can chirp--chick, check, chuck, to his little ones as
+softly as any other bird. But only his best friends ever hear his
+sweetest tones, for the Blackbirds do not know how to be polite. They
+all talk at once. That is why most people think they only scream and
+chatter. Did you ever hear the blackbirds in the cornfields? If the
+farmers thought about it perhaps they would feel that part of every corn
+crop belongs to the Blackbirds. When the corn is young, the farmer
+cannot see the grubs which are eating the young plants. The Blackbirds
+can. They feed them to their babies--many thousands in a day. That is
+the way the crops are saved for the farmer. But he never thinks of that.
+Later when the Blackbirds come for their share of the corn the farmer
+says, "No, they shall not have my corn. I must stop that quickly."
+Perhaps the Blackbirds said the same thing to the grubs in the spring.
+It is hard to have justice for everyone.
+
+In April the Blackbird and his mate leave the noisy company. They seek
+a cosy home near the water where they can be quiet until August. They
+usually choose a swampy place among low shrubs and rushes. Here in the
+deep nest of coarse grass, moss and mud the mother bird lays her five
+eggs. They are very pretty--light blue with purple and black markings.
+Their friends say this is the best time to watch the blackbirds. In the
+flock they are all so much alike we cannot tell one from another. You
+would like to hear of some of the wise things Blackbirds do when they
+are tame.
+
+One friend of the birds turned her home into a great open bird cage. Her
+chair was the favorite perch of her birds. She never kept them one
+minute longer than they wanted to stay. Yet her home was always full.
+This was Olive Thorne Miller. If you care to, you might ask mother to
+get "Bird Ways" and read you what she says about this "bird of society"
+and the other birds of this book.
+
+
+
+
+THE AMERICAN RED BIRD.
+
+
+American Red Birds are among our most common cage birds, and are very
+generally known in Europe, numbers of them having been carried over both
+to France and England. Their notes are varied and musical; many of them
+resembling the high notes of a fife, and are nearly as loud. They are in
+song from March to September, beginning at the first appearance of dawn
+and repeating successively twenty or thirty times, and with little
+intermission, a favorite strain.
+
+The sprightly figure and gaudy plumage of the Red Bird, his vivacity,
+strength of voice, and actual variety of note, and the little expense
+with which he is kept, will always make him a favorite.
+
+This species is more numerous to the east of the great range of the
+Alleghenies, but is found in Pennsylvania and Ohio, and is numerous in
+the lower parts of the Southern States. In January and February they
+have been found along the roadsides and fences, hovering together in
+half dozens, associating with snow birds, and various kinds of sparrows.
+In the northern states they are migratory, and in the southern part of
+Pennsylvania they reside during the whole year, frequenting the borders
+of rivulets, in sheltered hollows, covered with holly, laurel, and other
+evergreens. They love also to reside in the vicinity of fields of Indian
+corn, a grain that constitutes their chief and favorite food. The seeds
+of apples, cherries, and other fruit are also eaten by them, and they
+are accused of destroying bees.
+
+Early in May the Red Bird begins to prepare his nest, which is very
+often fixed in a holly, cedar or laurel bush. A pair of Red Birds in
+Ohio returned for a number of years to build their nest in a honeysuckle
+vine under a portico. They were never disturbed and never failed to rear
+a brood of young. The nest was constructed of small twigs, dry weeds,
+slips of vine bark, and lined with stalks of fine grass. Four eggs of
+brownish olive were laid, and they usually raised two broods in a
+season.
+
+In confinement they fade in color, but if well cared for, will live to
+a considerable age. They are generally known by the names: Red Bird,
+Virginia Red Bird, Virginia Nightingale, and Crested Red Bird. It is
+said that the female often sings nearly as well as the male.
+
+
+THE REDBIRDS.
+
+    Two Redbirds came in early May,
+    Flashing like rubies on the way;
+    Their joyous notes awoke the day,
+    And made all nature glad and gay.
+
+    Thrice welcome! crested visitants;
+    Thou doest well to seek our haunts;
+    The bounteous vine, by thee possessed,
+    From prying eyes shall keep thy nest.
+
+    Sing to us in the early dawn;
+    'Tis then thy scarlet throats have drawn
+    Refreshing draughts from drops of dew,
+    The enchanting concert to renew.
+
+    No plaintive notes, we ween, are thine;
+    They gurgle like a royal wine;
+    They cheer, rejoice, they quite outshine
+    Thy neighbor's voice, tho' it's divine.
+
+    Free as the circumambient air
+    Do thou remain, a perfect pair,
+    To come once more when Proserpine
+    Shall swell the buds of tree and vine.
+                                 --C. C. M.
+
+ [Illustration: CARDINAL.]
+
+THE RED BIRD.
+
+
+    Is it because he wears a red hat,
+      That we call him the Cardinal Bird?
+    Or is it because his voice is so rich
+      That scarcely a finer is heard?
+
+    'Tis neither, but this--I've guessed it, I'm sure--
+    His dress is a primary color of Nature.
+    It blends with the Oriole's golden display,
+    And the garment of Blue Bird completes the array.
+                                 --C. C. M.
+
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+
+
+ ATTEND THE BEST.
+ CHICAGO BUSINESS COLLEGE
+ Wabash Ave. & Randolph St.
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ Elegant new building. Finer apartments than any other Commercial School
+ in the United States. Thorough courses in BUSINESS, SHORTHAND and ENGLISH.
+ Day and Evening Sessions. Write for catalogue mailed FREE.
+
+                                  Address GONDRING & VIRDEN, Principals.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+ WRITE FOR SAMPLES
+ AND PRICES OF
+ COMMENCEMENT
+ PROGRAMS
+
+         MIZE & STEARNS
+         PRINTERS AND BINDERS
+         CHICAGO
+
+ Telephone Harrison 560      346 to 350 Dearborn Street
+
+                                            CATALOGUES
+                                            PERIODICALS
+                                            EMBOSSING
+                                            FINE STATIONERY
+
+ SAM R. CARTER, President.        GUSTAV ZEESE, Secretary.
+
+
+
+
+ CHICAGO Colortype COMPANY
+ PHOTOGRAPHY IN NATURAL COLORS
+
+ ART COLOR... PRINTERS and ENGRAVERS,
+
+ Office and Works:
+    1205-1213 Roscoe Street.      CHICAGO.
+
+             PAINTINGS,
+             WATER COLORS,
+             LITHOGRAPHS,
+
+ and Articles of every description faithfully reproduced
+       IN THEIR NATURAL COLORS.
+
+ The Illustrations in this Magazine were engraved and printed by us.
+
+
+
+
+ WHAT WE WILL
+ SELL YOU FOR $12.00
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ #4 FEET LONG, 2 FEET 5 INCHES WIDE.#
+
+ Oak, Extension Slide, Finished back Quarter-sawed
+ Sycamore Pigeon Holes,
+ Combination Lock on Drawers,
+ Spring Lock with two keys on Curtain.
+ GUARANTEED PERFECT.
+ Can not be duplicated for less than $20.00.
+
+ Securely Packed and put on board cars for
+ $12.00 and shipped C. O. D. with privilege of examination.
+
+         THE BAKER SAFE COMPANY,
+ 47 and 49 Dearborn Street, Chicago, Ill.
+
+
+
+
+ The Best is the Cheapest
+
+ CROWN FOUNTAIN PENS
+ CROWN GOLD PENS
+
+ Received Highest Awards
+      at World's Fair, Chicago, 1893
+
+ [Illustration]
+
+ ALL SIZES AND STYLES
+      EVERY PEN GUARANTEED
+
+  CROWN PEN CO., Manufacturers
+ 78 State Street, CHICAGO, ILL.
+
+ ALL MAKES OF FOUNTAIN AND GOLD PENS
+             REPAIRED.
+
+
+
+
+ What POINTS do You Want in a COPYING Machine?
+
+ These points {You want RAPIDITY        Copies one hundred letters in
+ are all                                  seven minutes.
+ contained in {You want ECONOMY         Save copy books, blotters, cloths,
+ Anderson's                               baths, etc.
+ Automatic    {You want EFFICIENCY      It makes the most perfect copies.
+ Copying      {You want UNIFORMITY      One copy the same as another.
+ Machine.     {You want SIMPLICITY      Easy to learn, easy to run; it's
+                                          simplicity itself.
+              {You want DURABILITY      Well constructed of selected
+                                          metals.
+              {You want ATTRACTIVENESS  An ornament to any office.
+
+ FAST--DURABLE--SIMPLE.
+
+ SAVES TIME, MATERIAL, MONEY.
+   SAVES ITS COST EVERY YEAR BY ECONOMY IN COPYING PAPER.
+     EVERY BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MAN NEEDS IT.
+
+ Will allow for your old screw press. SEND FOR TRADE PROPOSITION. Address
+
+    ANDERSON AUTOMATIC COPYING MACHINE CO.
+                      910 Monadnock Block, CHICAGO.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+ STEGER
+    PIANOS
+
+  CELEBRATED
+  FOR THEIR
+
+ Liquid Quality of Tone
+ Elasticity of Action
+ Great Durability
+
+ STEGER & CO.
+ MANUFACTURERS
+
+ COR. WABASH AVE.
+ AND JACKSON ST    CHICAGO, ILL. U.S.A.
+
+ Please mention "BIRDS" when you write to Advertisers.
+
+
+
+
+TESTIMONIALS.
+
+                                  FRANKFORT. KY., February 3, 1897.
+
+ W. J. BLACK, Vice-President,
+                     Chicago, Ill.
+
+Dear Sir: I have a copy of your magazine entitled "Birds," and beg to
+say that I consider it one of the finest things on the subject that I
+have ever seen, and shall be pleased to recommend it to county and city
+superintendents of the state.
+
+                           Very respectfully,
+                                     W. J. DAVIDSON,
+                           State Superintendent Public Instruction.
+
+
+                             SAN FRANCISCO, CAL., January 27, 1897.
+
+ W. J. BLACK, ESQ.,
+           Chicago, Ill.
+
+Dear Sir: I am very much obliged for the copy of "Birds" that has just
+come to hand. It should be in the hands of every primary and grammar
+teacher. I send herewith copy of "List of San Francisco Teachers."
+
+                                            Very respectfully,
+                                                        M. BABCOCK.
+
+
+                                   LINCOLN, NEB., February 9, 1897.
+
+ W. J. BLACK,
+     Chicago, Ill.
+
+Dear Sir: The first number of your magazine, "Birds," is upon my desk. I
+am highly pleased with it. It will prove a very serviceable
+publication--one that strikes out along the right lines. For the purpose
+intended, it has, in my opinion, no equal. It is clear, concise, and
+admirably illustrated.
+
+                     Very respectfully,
+                                       W. R. JACKSON,
+                           State Superintendent Public Instruction.
+
+
+                                NORTH LIMA, OHIO, February 1, 1897.
+
+ MR. W. E. WATT,
+
+Dear Sir: Sample copy of "Birds" received. All of the family delighted
+with it. We wish it unbounded success. It will be an excellent
+supplement to "In Birdland" in the Ohio Teachers' Reading Circle, and I
+venture Ohio will be to the front with a good subscription list. I
+enclose list of teachers.
+
+                        Very truly,
+                                   C. M. L. ALTDOERFFER,
+                                           Township Superintendent.
+
+
+                                       MILWAUKEE, January 30, 1897.
+
+ NATURE STUDY PUBLISHING COMPANY,
+             227 Dearborn Street, Chicago.
+
+Gentlemen: I acknowledge with pleasure the receipt of your publication,
+"Birds," with accompanying circulars. I consider it the best on the
+subject in existence. I have submitted the circulars and publication to
+my teachers, who have nothing to say but praise in behalf of the
+monthly.
+
+                                JULIUS TORNEY,
+                Principal 2nd Dist. Primary School, Milwaukee, Wis.
+
+
+
+
+OUR PREMIUM
+
+ A picture of wonderful beauty
+ of the Golden Pheasant almost
+ life size in a natural scene,
+ plate 12x18 inches, on card
+ 19x25 inches, is given as a
+ premium to yearly subscribers.
+ Our price on this picture in
+ Art Stores is $3.50.
+
+
+
+***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR
+PHOTOGRAPH, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY, 1897***
+
+
+******* This file should be named 30626.txt or 30626.zip *******
+
+
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/0/6/2/30626
+
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://www.gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS', WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit:
+http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+