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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 19:54:08 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 19:54:08 -0700 |
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diff --git a/30626-h/30626-h.htm b/30626-h/30626-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..bf592c2 --- /dev/null +++ b/30626-h/30626-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2369 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" /> +<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume 1, Number 2, February, 1897, by anonymous</title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[*/ + + p { margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + + .notes {background-color: #f2d2ab; color: #ab2830; padding: .5em; + margin-left: 32%; margin-right: 32%; text-align: center;} + + h1,h2,h3 { text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + + + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + body{margin-left: 5%; + margin-right: 5%; + } + + .box { width: 700px; + margin: 0 auto; + text-align: center; + padding: 1em; + border-style: none; } + + a { text-decoration: none; } + + .pagenum { visibility: hidden; + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold; font-variant: small-caps;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 0em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 0em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + hr.full { width: 100%; + margin-top: 3em; + margin-bottom: 0em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + height: 4px; + border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */ + border-style: solid; + border-color: #000000; + clear: both; } + pre {font-size: 85%;} + /*]]>*/ + </style> +</head> +<body> +<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume +1, Number 2, February, 1897, by anonymous</h1> +<pre> +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre> +<p>Title: Birds Illustrated by Color Photograph, Volume 1, Number 2, February, 1897</p> +<p> A Monthly Serial Designed to Promote Knowledge of Bird-Life</p> +<p>Author: anonymous</p> +<p>Release Date: December 8, 2009 [eBook #30626]</p> +<p>Language: English</p> +<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p> +<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPH, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY, 1897***</p> +<p> </p> +<h3>E-text prepared by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Anne Storer,<br /> + and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> + (<a href="http://www.pgdp.net/c/">http://www.pgdp.net</a>).<br /> + Some images were generously provided by<br /> + Internet Archive<br /> + (<a href="http://www.archive.org">http://www.archive.org</a>).</h3> +<p> </p> +<div class="box"> + +<p class="notes">Transcriber’s Note:<br /> +Cover added.</p> +</div> +<hr class="full" /> +<p> </p> +<div class="box"> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 362px;"> +<img src="images/img_cover.jpg" width="362" height="600" alt="Cover" title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/img1a.png" width="600" height="248" alt="intro" title="" /> +</div> +<p style="margin-left: 5em;">W. E. Watt, President &c.,</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 12em;">Fisher Building,</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;">277 Dearborn St., Chicago, Ill.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 5em;">My dear Sir:</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 5em; margin-right: 2em; line-height: 1.5em;">Please accept my thanks for a copy of the first +publication of “Birds.” Please enter my name as a regular +subscriber. It is one of the most beautiful and interesting +publications yet attempted in this direction. It has other +attractions in addition to its beauty, and it must win its +way to popular favor.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 5em; margin-right: 2em;">Wishing the handsome little magazine abundant prosperity, +I remain</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 18em;">Yours very respectfully,</p> +<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/img1b.png" width="400" height="132" alt="signature" title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 422px;"> +<img src="images/img_002.jpg" width="422" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center">Please mention “BIRDS” when you write to Advertisers.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 417px;"> +<img src="images/img_003.jpg" width="417" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center">Please mention “BIRDS” when you write to Advertisers.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 425px;"> +<img src="images/img_004.jpg" width="425" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center">Please mention “BIRDS” when you write to Advertisers.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 422px;"> +<img src="images/img_007.jpg" width="422" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center">Please mention “BIRDS” when you write to Advertisers.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 434px;"> +<img src="images/img_009.jpg" width="434" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +</div> + +<h2><span class="smcap">Nature Study Publishing Company</span></h2> +<p class="center">OFFICE: FISHER BUILDING</p> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span></p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 452px;"> +<img src="images/img_011.jpg" width="452" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">american blue jay.</span> +</div><p> </p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE BLUE JAY.</h2> + + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 81px;"> +<img src="images/imgd.png" width="81" height="80" alt="D" title="" /> +</div> +<p>URING about three-fourths +of the year the American +Jay is an extremely tame, +noisy and even obstrusive +bird in its habits. As the breeding +season approaches he suddenly becomes +silent, preparing the nest in the most +secluded parts of his native forests, and +exercising all his cunning to keep it +concealed. He is omniverous but is +especially fond of eggs and young +birds. The Jay may be regarded as +eminently injurious though in spring +he consumes a number of insects to +atone for his sins of stealing fruit and +berries in autumn. He is a professional +nest robber, and other birds are as +watchful of him as is a mother of her +babe. He glides through the foliage +of the trees so swiftly and noiselessly +that his presence is scarcely suspected +until he has committed some depredation. +The Robin is his most wary foe, +and when the Jay is found near his +nest will pursue him and drive him +from the neighborhood. He is as +brave as he is active, however, and +dashes boldly in pursuit of his more +plainly attired neighbors who venture +to intrude upon his domain.</p> + +<p>The Jay has a curious antipathy +toward the owl, perching on trees +above it and keeping up a continual +screeching. Some years ago an Ohio +gentleman was presented with a magnificent +specimen of the horned owl, +which he kept for a time in a large tin +cage. In favorable weather the cage +was set out of doors, when it would +soon be surrounded by Jays, much in +the manner described of the Toucan, +and an incessant screeching followed, +to which the owl appeared indifferent. +They would venture near enough to +steal a portion of his food, the bars of +his cage being sufficiently wide apart +to admit them. On one occasion, +however, he caught the tail of a Jay +in his claws and left the tormentor +without his proud appendage.</p> + +<p>The Jay remains with us throughout +the year. He is one of the wildest +of our birds, the shyest of man, +although seeing him most. He makes +no regular migrations at certain seasons, +but, unless disturbed, will live out +his life close to his favorite haunts. +His wings show him to be unfitted for +extended flight.</p> + +<p>Jays are most easily discovered in +the morning about sunrise on the tops +of young live oaks. Their notes are +varied. Later in the day it is more +difficult to find them, as they are more +silent, and not so much on the tree +tops as among the bushes.</p> + +<p>The Jays breed in woods, forests, +orchards, preferring old and very shady +trees, placing their nests in the center +against the body, or at the bifurcation +of large limbs. The nest is formed of +twigs and roots; the eggs are from +four to six.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> +<p class="center"><strong>THE BLUE JAY.</strong></p> + + +<p style="margin-left: 15.5em;"> +Something glorious, something gay,<br /> +Flits and flashes this-a-way!<br /> +’Thwart the hemlock’s dusky shade,<br /> +Rich in color full displayed,<br /> +Swiftly vivid as a flame—<br /> +Blue as heaven and white as snow—<br /> +Doth this lovely creature go.<br /> +What may be his dainty name?<br /> +“Only this”—the people say—<br /> +“Saucy, chattering, scolding Jay!”</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE SWALLOW-TAILED INDIAN ROLLER.</h2> + + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 82px;"> +<img src="images/imgs.png" width="82" height="80" alt="S" title="" /> +</div> +<p>WALLOW-TAILED Indian +Rollers are natives of Northeastern +Africa and Senegambia, +and also the interior of +the Niger district. The bird is so +called from its way of occasionally +rolling or turning over in its flight, +somewhat after the fashion of a tumbler +pigeon. A traveller in describing +the habits of the Roller family, says:</p> + +<p>“On the 12th of April I reached +Jericho alone, and remained there in +solitude for several days, during which +time I had many opportunities of +observing the grotesque habits of the +Roller. For several successive evenings, +great flocks of Rollers mustered +shortly before sunset on some dona +trees near the fountain, with all the +noise but without the decorum of +Rooks. After a volley of discordant +screams, from the sound of which it +derives its Arabic name of “schurkrak,” +a few birds would start from their +perches and commence overhead a +series of somersaults. In a moment or +two they would be followed by the +whole flock, and these gambols would +be repeated for a dozen times or more.</p> + +<p>“Everywhere it takes its perch on +some conspicuous branch or on the +top of a rock, where it can see and be +seen. The bare tops of the fig trees, +before they put forth their leaves, are +in the cultivated terraces, a particularly +favorite resort. In the barren Ghor I +have often watched it perched unconcernedly +on a knot of gravel or marl +in the plain, watching apparently for +the emergence of beetles from the sand. +Elsewhere I have not seen it settle on +the ground.</p> + +<p>“Like Europeans in the East, it can +make itself happy without chairs and +tables in the desert, but prefers a +comfortable easy chair when it is to be +found. Its nest I have seen in ruins, +in holes in rocks, in burrows, in steep +sand cliffs, but far more generally in +hollow trees. The colony in the Wady +Kelt used burrows excavated by themselves, +and many a hole did they relinquish, +owing to the difficulty of working +it. So cunningly were the nests +placed under a crumbling, treacherous +ledge, overhanging a chasm of +perhaps one or two hundred feet, +that we were completely foiled in our +siege. We obtained a nest of six eggs, +quite fresh, in a hollow tree in Bashan, +near Gadara, on the 6th of May.</p> + +<p>“The total length of the Roller is +about twelve inches. The Swallow-tailed +Indian Roller, of which we present +a specimen, differs from the Europeon +Roller only in having the outer +tail feathers elongated to an extent of +several inches.”</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p> +<p> </p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 452px;"> +<img src="images/img_019.jpg" width="452" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">swallow-tailed indian roller.</span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE RED HEADED WOODPECKER.</h2> + + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 79px;"> +<img src="images/imgp.png" width="79" height="80" alt="P" title="" /> +</div> +<p>ERHAPS no bird in North +America is more universally +known than the Red Headed Woodpecker. +He is found in all parts of the United +States and is sometimes called, for +short, by the significant name of Red Head. +His tri-colored plumage, red, +white and black, glossed with steel +blue, is so striking and characteristic, +and his predatory habits in the +orchards and cornfields, and fondness +for hovering along the fences, so very +notorious, that almost every child is +acquainted with the Red Headed +Woodpecker. In the immediate +neighborhood of large cities, where the +old timber is chiefly cut down, he is +not so frequently found. Wherever +there is a deadening, however, you +will find him, and in the dead tops +and limbs of high trees he makes his +home. Towards the mountains, +particularly in the vicinity of creeks +and rivers, these birds are extremely +numerous, especially in the latter end +of summer. It is interesting to hear +them rattling on the dead leaves of +trees or see them on the roadside +fences, where they flit from stake to +stake. We remember a tremendous +and quite alarming and afterwards +ludicrous rattling by one of them on +some loose tin roofing on a neighbor’s +house. This occurred so often that +the owner, to secure peace, had the +roof repaired.</p> + +<p>They love the wild cherries, the earliest +and sweetest apples, for, as is said +of him, “he is so excellent a connoisseur +in fruit, that whenever an apple or +pear is found broached by him, it is sure +to be among the ripest and best flavored. +When alarmed he seizes a capital one +by striking his open bill into it, and +bears it off to the woods.” He eats +the rich, succulent, milky young corn +with voracity. He is of a gay and +frolicsome disposition, and half a +dozen of the fraternity are frequently +seen diving and vociferating around +the high dead limbs of some large +trees, pursuing and playing with each +other, and amusing the passerby with +their gambols. He is a comical fellow, +too, prying around at you from the +bole of a tree or from his nesting hole +therein.</p> + +<p>Though a lover of fruit, he does +more good than injury. Insects are +his natural food, and form at least two +thirds of his subsistence. He devours +the destructive insects that penetrate +the bark and body of a tree to deposit +their eggs and larvae.</p> + +<p>About the middle of May, he begins +to construct his nest, which is formed +in the body of large limbs of trees, +taking in no material but smoothing +it within to the proper shape and size. +The female lays six eggs, of a pure +white. The young appear about the +first of June. About the middle of +September the Red Heads begin to +migrate to warmer climates, travelling +at night time in an irregular way like +a disbanded army and stopping for +rest and food through the day.</p> + +<p>The black snake is the deadly foe of +the Red Head, frequently entering his +nest, feeding upon the young, and +remaining for days in possession.</p> + +<p>“The eager school-boy, after hazarding +his neck to reach the Woodpecker’s +hole, at the triumphant +moment when he thinks the nestlings +his own, strips his arm, launches +it down into the cavity, and grasping +what he conceives to be the callow +young, starts with horror at the sight +of a hideous snake, almost drops from +his giddy pinnacle, and retreats down +the tree with terror and precipitation.”</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE WOODPECKER.</h2> + +<p class="center"><strong>The Drummer Bird.</strong></p> + + +<p>My dear girls and boys:</p> + +<p>The man who told me to keep +still and look pleasant while he +took my picture said I might +write you a letter to send with +it. You say I always keep on +the other side of the tree from +you. That is because someone +has told you that I spoil trees, +and I am afraid that you will +want to punish me for it. I do +not spoil trees. The trees like +to have me come to visit them, +for I eat the insects that are +killing them. Shall I tell you +how I do this?</p> + +<p>I cling to the tree with my +strong claws so sharply hooked. +The pointed feathers of my tail +are stiff enough to help hold me +against the bark. Then my +breast bone is quite flat, so that +I may press close to the tree. +When I am all ready you hear +my r-r-rap—just like a rattle. +My head goes as quickly as if it +were moved by a spring. Such +a strong, sharp bill makes the +chips fly! The tiny tunnel I dig +just reaches the insect.</p> + +<p>Then I thrust out my long +tongue. It has a sharp, horny +tip, and has barbs on it too. +Very tiny insects stick to a liquid +like glue that covers my tongue. +I suppose I must tell you that I +like a taste of the ripest fruit +and grain. Don’t you think I +earn a little when I work so +hard keeping the trees healthy?</p> + +<p>I must tell you about the deep +tunnel my mate and I cut out of +a tree. It is just wide enough +for us to slip into. It is not +straight down, but bent, so that +the rain cannot get to the bottom. +There we make a nest of +little chips for our five white +eggs.</p> + +<p>I should like to tell you one +of the stories that some boys +and girls tell about my red head. +You will find it on another page +of the book. Now I must fly +away to peck for more bugs.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 25em;"> +Your loving friend,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;" class="smcap">Woodpecker</span>.</p> +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 414px;"> +<img src="images/img_026.jpg" width="414" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">red headed woodpecker.</span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span></p> +<h2>MEXICAN MOT MOT.</h2> + + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 115px;"> +<img src="images/imgm.png" width="115" height="80" alt="M" title="" /> +</div> +<p>OT MOTS are peculiar to +the new world, being +found from Mexico +throughout the whole +of Central America and the South +American continent. The general +plumage is green, and the majority of +the species have a large racket at the +end of the center tail feathers, formed +by the bird itself.</p> + +<p>The Houton, (so called from his +note,) according to Waterson, ranks +high in beauty among the birds of +Demerara. This beautiful creature +seems to suppose that its beauty can +be increased by trimming its tail, +which undergoes the same operation +as one’s hair in a barber shop, using +its own beak, which is serrated, in lieu +of a pair of scissors. As soon as its +tail is fully grown, he begins about +an inch from the extremity of the two +longest feathers in it and cuts away +the web on both sides of the shaft, +making a gap about an inch long. +Both male and female wear their tails +in this manner, which gives them a +remarkable appearance among all other +birds.</p> + +<p>To observe this bird in his native +haunts, one must be in the forest at +dawn. He shuns the society of man. +The thick and gloomy forests are preferred +by the Houton. In those far +extending wilds, about day-break, you +hear him call in distinct and melancholy +tone, “Houton, Houton!” An +observer says, “Move cautiously to the +place from which the sound proceeds, +and you will see him sitting in the +underwood, about a couple of yards +from the ground, his tail moving up +and down every time he articulates “Houton!”.”</p> + +<p>The Mot Mot lives on insects and +berries found among the underwood, +and very rarely is seen in the lofty +trees. He makes no nest, but rears +his young in a hole in the sand, generally +on the side of a hill.</p> + +<p>Mr. Osbert Salvin tells this curious +anecdote: “Some years ago the Zoological +Society possessed a specimen +which lived in one of the large cages +of the parrot house by itself. I have +a very distinct recollection of the bird, +for I used every time I saw it to cheer +it up a bit by whistling such of its +notes as I had picked up in the forests +of America. The bird always seemed +to appreciate this attention, for +although it never replied, it became at +once animated, hopped about the cage, +and swung its tail from side to side +like the pendulum of a clock. For a +long time its tail had perfect spatules, +but toward the end of its life I noticed +that the median feathers were no longer +trimmed with such precision, and on +looking at its beak I noticed that from +some cause or other it did not close +properly, gaped slightly at the tip, and +had thus become unfitted for removing +the vanes of the feathers.”</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span></p> +<h2>KING PARROT OR KING LORY.</h2> + + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 100px;"> +<img src="images/imgl.png" width="100" height="80" alt="L" title="" /> +</div> +<p>ORY is the name of certain +birds, mostly from the Moluccas +and New Guinea, which +are remarkable for their +bright scarlet or crimson coloring, +though also applied to some others in +which the plumage is chiefly green. +Much interest has been excited by the +discovery of Dr. A. B. Meyer that the +birds of this genus having a red +plumage are the females of those wearing +green feathers. For a time there +was much difference of opinion on +this subject, but the assertion is now +generally admitted.</p> + +<p>They are called “brush-tongued” +Parrots. The color of the first plumage +of the young is still unsettled. This +bird is a favorite among bird fanciers, +is readily tamed, and is of an affectionate +nature. It can be taught to +speak very creditably, and is very fond +of attracting the attention of strangers +and receiving the caresses of those +whom it likes.</p> + +<p>There are few things a parrot prefers +to nuts and the stones of various +fruits. Wood says he once succeeded +in obtaining the affections of a Parisian +Parrot, solely through the medium of +peach stones which he always saved +for the bird and for which it regularly +began to gabble as soon as it saw him +coming. “When taken freshly from +the peach,” he says, “the stones are +very acceptable to the parrot, who +turns them over, chuckling all the +while to show his satisfaction, and +picking all the soft parts from the deep +indentations in the stone.” He used +to crack the stone before giving it to +the bird, when his delight knew no +bounds. They are fond of hot condiments, +cayenne pepper or the capsicum +pod. If a bird be ailing, a capsicum +will often set it right again.</p> + +<p>The parrot is one of the hardiest of +birds when well cared for and will live +to a great age. Some of these birds +have been known to attain an age of +seventy years, and one seen by Vaillant +had reached the patriarchal age of +ninety three. At sixty its memory +began to fail, at sixty-five the moult +became very irregular and the tail +changed to yellow. At ninety it was +a very decrepit creature, almost blind +and quite silent, having forgotten its +former abundant stock of words.</p> + +<p>A gentleman once had for many +years a parrot of seemingly rare +intelligence. It was his custom during +the summer to hang the parrot’s cage in +front of his shop in a country village, +where the bird would talk and laugh +and cry, and condole with itself. Dogs +were his special aversion and on occasions +when he had food to spare, he +would drop it out of the cage and +whistle long and loud for them. When +the dogs had assembled to his satisfaction +he would suddenly scream in the +fiercest accents, “Get out, dogs!” and +when they had scattered in alarm his +enjoyment of it was demonstrative. +This parrot’s vocabulary, however, +was not the most refined, his master +having equipped him with certain +piratical idioms.</p> + +<p>According to authority, the parrot +owner will find the health of his pet +improved and its happiness promoted +by giving it, every now and then, a +small log or branch on which the +mosses and lichens are still growing. +Meat, fish, and other similar articles of +diet are given with evil effects.</p> + +<p>It is impossible for anyone who has +only seen these birds in a cage or small +inclosure to conceive what must be the +gorgeous appearance of a flock, either +in full flight, and performing their +various evolutions, under a vertical +sun, or sporting among the superb +foliage of a tropical forest which, +without these, and other brilliant +tenants, would present only a solitude +of luxuriant vegetation.</p> +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/img_034.jpg" width="600" height="446" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">king parrot.</span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE AMERICAN ROBIN.</h2> + +<p class="center"><strong>The Bird of the Morning.</strong></p> + + +<p>Yes, my dear readers, I am the +bird of the morning. Very few +of you rise early enough to hear +my first song. By the time you +are awake our little ones have +had their breakfast, Mrs. Robin +and I have had our morning bath +and we are all ready to greet +you with our morning song.</p> + +<p>I wonder if any of you have +seen our nest and can tell the +color of the eggs that Mrs. Robin +lays. Some time I will let you +peep into the nest and see them, +but of course you will not touch +them.</p> + +<p>I wonder, too, if you know any +of my cousins—the Mocking +bird, the Cat-bird or the Brown +Thrush—I think I shall ask +them to have their pictures taken +soon and talk to you about our +gay times.</p> + +<p>Did you ever see one of my +cousins on the ground? I don’t +believe you can tell how I move +about. Some of you may say I +run, and some of you may say I +hop, and others of you may say +I do both. Well, I’ll tell you +how to find out. Just watch me +and see. My little friends up +north won’t be able to see me +though until next month, as I do +not dare leave the warm south +until Jack Frost leaves the +ground so I can find worms to +eat.</p> + +<p>I shall be about the first bird +to visit you next month and I +want you to watch for me. +When I do come it will be to +stay a long time, for I shall be +the last to leave you. Just +think, the first to come and last +to leave. Don’t you think we +ought to be great friends? Let +us get better acquainted when +next we meet. Your friend,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 27em;" class="smcap">Robin</span>.</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p style="margin-left: 16em;"> +How do the robins build their nest?<br /> +Robin Red Breast told me,<br /> +First a wisp of yellow hay<br /> +In a pretty round they lay;<br /> +Then some shreds of downy floss,<br /> +Feathers too, and bits of moss,<br /> +Woven with a sweet, sweet song,<br /> +This way, that way, and across:<br /> +That’s what Robin told me.</p> + + +<p style="margin-left: 16em;"> +Where do the robins hide their nest?<br /> +Robin Red Breast told me,<br /> +Up among the leaves so deep,<br /> +Where the sunbeams rarely creep,<br /> +Long before the winds are cold,<br /> +Long before the leaves are gold<br /> +Bright-eyed stars will peep and see<br /> +Baby Robins—one, two, three:<br /> +That’s what Robin told me.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE AMERICAN ROBIN.</h2> + +<p class="center">“Come, sweetest of the feathered throng.”</p> + + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 64px;"> +<img src="images/imgo.png" width="64" height="80" alt="O" title="" /> +</div> +<p>UR American Robin must +not be confounded with the +English Robin Redbreast, +although both bear the same +name. It is the latter bird in whose +praise so much has been written in fable +and song. The American Robin belongs +to the Thrush family; the Mocking +bird, Cat-bird and Brown Thrush, or +Thrasher, being other familiar children. +In this family, bird organization +reaches its highest development. This +bird is larger than his English cousin +the Redbreast and many think has a +finer note than any other of the Thrush +family.</p> + +<p>The Robin courts the society of man, +following close upon the plow and the +spade and often becoming quite tame +and domestic. It feeds for a month or +two on strawberries and cherries, but +generally on worms and insects picked +out of the ground. It destroys the +larvae of many insects in the soil and +is a positive blessing to man, designed +by the Creator for ornament and +pleasure, and use in protecting +vegetation. John Burroughs, the bird lover, +says it is the most native and democratic +of our birds.</p> + +<p>It is widely diffused over the country, +migrating to milder climates in the +Winter. We have heard him in the +early dawn on Nantucket Island welcoming +the coming day, in the valleys +of the Great and the little Miami, in +the parks of Chicago, and on the plains +of Kansas, his song ever cheering and +friendly. It is one of the earliest heralds +of Spring, coming as early as +March or April, and is one of the latest +birds to leave us in Autumn. Its +song is a welcome prelude to the general +concert of Summer.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +“When Robin Redbreast sings,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: .3em;">We think on budding Springs.”</span></p> + +<p>The Robin is not one of our most +charming songsters, yet its carol is +sweet, hearty and melodious. Its principal +song is in the morning before +sunrise, when it mounts the top of +some tall tree, and with its wonderful +power of song, announces the coming +of day. When educated, it imitates +the sounds of various birds, and even +sings tunes. It must be amusing to +hear it pipe out so solemn a strain as +Old Hundred.</p> + +<p>It has no remarkable habits. It +shows considerable courage and +anxiety for its young, and is a pattern +of propriety when keeping house and +concerned with the care of its offspring. +Two broods are often reared +out of the same nest. In the Fall +these birds become restless and +wandering, often congregating in large +flocks, when, being quite fat, they are +much esteemed as food.</p> + +<p>The Robin’s nest is sometimes built +in a corner of the porch, but oftener it +is saddled on the horizontal limb of +an orchard tree. It is so large and +poorly concealed that any boy can +find it, yet it is seldom molested. The +Robin is not a skillful architect. The +masonry of its nest is rough and the +material coarse, being composed +largely of leaves or old grass, cemented +with mud. The eggs number four to +six and are greenish blue in color.</p> + +<p>An observer tells the following story +of this domestic favorite:</p> + +<p>“For the last three years a Robin +has nested on a projecting pillar that +supports the front piazza. In the +Spring of the first year she built her +nest on the top of the pillar—a rude +affair—it was probably her first effort. +The same season she made her second +nest in the forks of an Oak, which +took her only a few hours to complete.</p> + +<p>[Continued <a href="#Page_59">page 59</a>]</p> + +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/img_041.jpg" width="600" height="413" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">american robin.</span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 459px;"> +<img src="images/img_028.jpg" width="459" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">mexican mot mot.</span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p> +<p class="center"><strong>THE AMERICAN ROBIN.</strong></p> +<p>[continued]</p> + +<p>“She reared three broods that season; +for the third family she returned to +the piazza, and repaired the first nest. +The following Spring she came again +to the piazza, but selected another +pillar for the site of her domicile, the +construction of which was a decided +improvement upon the first. For the +next nest she returned to the Oak and +raised a second story on the old one of +the previous year, but making it much +more symmetrical than the one beneath. +The present season her first dwelling +was as before, erected on a pillar of +the piazza—as fine a structure as I +ever saw this species build. When +this brood was fledged she again +repaired to the Oak, and reared a +third story on the old domicile, using +the moss before mentioned, making a +very elaborate affair, and finally +finishing up by festooning it with long +sprays of moss. This bird and her +mate were quite tame. I fed them +with whortleberries, which they +seemed to relish, and they would come +almost to my feet to get them.”</p> + +<p>The amount of food which the +young robin is capable of absorbing is +enormous. A couple of vigorous, +half-grown birds have been fed, and +in twelve hours devoured ravenously, +sixty-eight earth worms, weighing +thirty-four pennyweight, or forty-one +per cent more than their own weight. +A man at this rate should eat about +seventy pounds of flesh per day, and +drink five or six gallons of water.</p> + +<p>The following poem by the good +Quaker poet Whittier is sweet because +<em>he</em> wrote it, interesting because it +recites an old legend which incidentally +explains the color of the robin’s breast, +and unique because it is one of the +few poems about our American bird.</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p class="center"><strong>THE ROBIN.</strong></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> + My old Welsh neighbor over the way<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Crept slowly out in the sun of spring,</span><br /> + Pushed from her ears the locks of gray,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And listened to hear the robin sing.</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> + Her grandson, playing at marbles, stopped,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And—cruel in sport, as boys will be—</span><br /> + Tossed a stone at the bird, who hopped<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">From bough to bough in the apple tree.</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> +<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">“Nay!” said the grandmother; “have you not heard,</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">My poor, bad boy! of the fiery pit,</span><br /> + And how, drop by drop, this merciful bird<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Carries the water that quenches it?</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> +<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">“He brings cool dew in his little bill,</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And lets it fall on the souls of sin:</span><br /> + You can see the mark on his red breast still<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Of fires that scorch as he drops it in.</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> +<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">“My poor Bron rhuddyn! my breast-burned bird,</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Singing so sweetly from limb to limb,</span><br /> + Very dear to the heart of Our Lord<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Is he who pities the lost like Him.”</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> +<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">“Amen!” I said to the beautiful myth;</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">“Sing, bird of God, in my heart as well:</span><br /> + Each good thought is a drop wherewith<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">To cool and lessen the fires of hell.</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 14em;"> +<span style="margin-left: -.3em;">“Prayers of love like rain-drops fall,</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Tears of pity are cooling dew,</span><br /> + And dear to the heart of Our Lord are all<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Who suffer like Him in the good they do.”</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE KINGFISHER.</h2> + + +<p>Dear Children:</p> + +<p>I shall soon arrive from the +south. I hear that all the birds +are going to tell stories to the +boys and girls.</p> + +<p>I have never talked much with +children myself for I never really +cared for people. They used to +say that the dead body of a +Kingfisher kept them safe in +war and they said also that it +protected them in lightning.</p> + +<p>Even now in some places in +France they call us the moth +birds, for they believe that our +bodies will keep away moths +from woolen cloth.</p> + +<p>I wish that people would not +believe such things about us. +Perhaps you cannot understand +me when I talk. You may think +that you hear only a child’s +rattle.</p> + +<p>Listen again! It is I, the +Kingfisher. That sound is my +way of talking. I live in the +deep woods. I own a beautiful +stream and a clear, cool lake. +Oh, the little fish in that lake +are good enough for a king +to eat! I know, for I am a king.</p> + +<p>You may see me or some of +my mates near the lake any +pleasant day. People used to +say that we always brought +pleasant weather. That is a +joke. It is the pleasant weather +that always brings us from our +homes. When it storms or rains +we cannot see the fish in the lake. +Then we may as well stay in our nests.</p> + +<p>My home once belonged to a +water rat. He dug the fine hall +in the gravel bank in my stream. +It is nearly six feet long. The +end of it is just the kind of a +place for a nest. It is warm, +dry and dark. In June my wife +and I will settle down in it. By +that time we shall have the nest +well lined with fish bones. We +shall put in some dried grass too. +The fish bones make a fine lining +for a nest. You know we +swallow the fish whole, but we +save all the bones for our nest.</p> + +<p>I shall help my wife hatch her +five white eggs and shall try in +every way to make my family safe.</p> + +<p>Please tell the people not to +believe those strange things +about me and you will greatly +oblige,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 34em;">A neighbor,</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 36em;" class="smcap">The Kingfisher</span>.</p> + +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 456px;"> +<img src="images/img_048.jpg" width="456" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">kingfisher.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 17em; font-size: small">Copyrighted by</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 18em; font-size: small">Nature Study Pub. Co., 1897, Chicago.</span> +</div> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE KINGFISHER.</h2> + +<p class="center"><strong>The Lone Fisherman.</strong></p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;"> +<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" /> +</div> +<p>HE American species belongs +to the true group of Kingfishers. +It occupies the whole +continent of North America +and although migrating in the north, +he is a constant resident of our southern +states. The belted Kingfisher is +the only variety found along the +inland streams of the United States. +Audubon declares that “belted” should +apply only to the female, however.</p> + +<p>Like most birds of brilliant plumage, +the Kingfisher prefers a quiet and +secluded haunt. It loves the little +trout streams, with wooded and precipitous +banks, the still ponds and +small lakes, ornamental waters in +parks, where it is not molested, and +the sides of sluggish rivers, drains and +mill-ponds.</p> + +<p>Here in such a haunt the bird often +flits past like an indistinct gleam of +bluish light. Fortune may sometimes +favor the observer and the bird may +alight on some twig over the stream, +its weight causing it to sway gently to +and fro. It eagerly scans the shoal of +young trout sporting in the pool below, +when suddenly it drops down into the +water, and, almost before the observer +is aware of the fact, is back again to +its perch with a struggling fish in its +beak. A few blows on the branch and +its prey is ready for the dexterous +movement of the bill, which places it +in a position for swallowing. Sometimes +the captured fish is adroitly +jerked into the air and caught as it +falls.</p> + +<p>Fish is the principal food of the +Kingfisher; but it also eats various +kinds of insects, shrimps, and even +small crabs. It rears its young in a +hole, which is made in the banks of +the stream it frequents. It is a slatternly +bird, fouls its own nest and its +peerless eggs. The nesting hole is +bored rather slowly, and takes from +one to two weeks to complete. Six or +eight white glossy eggs are laid, sometimes +on the bare soil, but often on the +fish bones which, being indigestible, +are thrown up by the bird in pellets.</p> + +<p>The Kingfisher has a crest of feathers +on the top of his head, which he +raises and lowers, especially when trying +to drive intruders away from his nest.</p> + +<p>The plumage is compact and oily, +making it almost impervious to water. +The flesh is fishy and disagreeable to the +taste, but the eggs are said to be good +eating. The wings are long and +pointed and the bill longer than the +head. The voice is harsh and monotonous.</p> + +<p>It is said that few birds are connected +with more fables than the Kingfisher. +The superstition that a dead +Kingfisher when suspended by the +throat, would turn its beak to that +particular point of the compass from +which the wind blew, is now dead. +It was also supposed to possess many +astonishing virtues, as that its dried +body would avert thunderbolts, and +if kept in a wardrobe would preserve +from moths the woolen stuffs and the +like contained in it.</p> + +<p>Under the name of “halcyon,” it +was fabled by the ancients to build its +nest on the surface of the sea, and to +have the power of calming the troubled +waves during its period of incubation; +hence the phrase “halcyon days.”</p> + +<p>A pair of Kingfishers have had their +residence in a bank at the south end +of Washington Park, Chicago, for at +least three seasons past. We have +watched the Kingfisher from secluded +spots on Long Island ponds and tidal +streams, where his peculiar laughing +note is the same as that which greets +the ear of the fisherman on far inland +streams on still summer days.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE BLACKBIRD.</h2> + +<p style="margin-left: 16em;"> +“I could not think so plain a bird<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Could sing so fine a song.”</span></p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p style="margin-left: 13em;"> +One on another against the wall<br /> +Pile up the books—I am done with them all;<br /> +I shall be wise, if I ever am wise,<br /> +Out of my own ears, and of my own eyes.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 13em;"> +One day of the woods and their balmy light—<br /> +One hour on the top of a breezy hill,<br /> +There in the sassafras all out of sight<br /> +The Blackbird is splitting his slender bill<br /> +For the ease of his heart:<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 6em;">Do you think if he said</span><br /> +“I will sing like this bird with the mud colored back<br /> +And the two little spots of gold over his eyes,<br /> +Or like to this shy little creature that flies<br /> +So low to the ground, with the amethyst rings<br /> +About her small throat—all alive when she sings<br /> +With a glitter of shivering green—for the rest,<br /> +Gray shading to gray, with the sheen of her breast<br /> +Half rose and half fawn—<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 6em;">Or like this one so proud,</span><br /> +That flutters so restless, and cries out so loud,<br /> +With stiff horny beak and a top-knotted head,<br /> +And a lining of scarlet laid under his wings—”<br /> +Do you think, if he said, “I’m ashamed to be black!”<br /> +That he could have shaken the sassafras-tree<br /> +As he does with the song he was born to? not he!<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 15em;">—</span><span class="smcap">Alice Cary.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p style="margin-left: 13em;"> +“Do you ne’er think what wondrous beings these?<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Do you ne’er think who made them—who taught</span><br /> +The dialect they speak, where melodies<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alone are the interpreters of thought?</span><br /> +Whose household words are songs in many keys,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sweeter than instrument of man ere caught!</span><br /> +Whose habitation in the tree-tops even<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Are half-way houses on the road to heaven!</span></p> + +<p class="center" style="letter-spacing: 1em;">* * * * * * *</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 13em;"> +“You call them thieves or pillagers; but know,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">They are the winged wardens of your farms,</span><br /> +Who from the cornfields drive the insidious foe,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And from your harvest keep a hundred harms;</span><br /> +Even the blackest of them all, the crow,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Renders good service as your man-at-arms,</span><br /> +Crushing the beetle in his coat of mail,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">And crying havoc on the slug and snail.”</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 5em;">—</span><span class="smcap">From “The Birds of Killingworth.”</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 441px;"> +<img src="images/img_055.jpg" width="441" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">blue mountain lory.</span> +</div> +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span></p> + +<h2>BLUE MOUNTAIN LORY.</h2> + + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;"> +<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" /> +</div> +<p>HIS bird inhabits the vast plains +of the interior of New South +Wales. It is one of the handsomest, +not only of the Australian +Parrots, but takes foremost +place among the most gorgeously +dressed members of the Parrot +family that are to be met with in any +part of the world. It is about eleven +or twelve inches in length. The +female cannot with certainty be distinguished +from her mate, but is usually +a very little smaller. The Lory seldom +descends to the ground, but passes +the greater part of its life among the +gum trees upon the pollen and nectar +on which it mainly subsists. In times +of scarcity, however, it will also eat +grass seeds, as well as insects, for want +of which it is said, it often dies prematurely +when in captivity.</p> + +<p>Dr. Russ mentions that a pair obtained +from a London dealer in 1870 +for fifty dollars were the first of these +birds imported, but the London Zoological +Society had secured some of +them two years before.</p> + +<p>Despite his beauty, the Blue Mountain +Lory is not a desirable bird to +keep, as he requires great care. A +female which survived six years in an +aviary, laying several eggs, though +kept singly, was fed on canary seed, +maize, a little sugar, raw beef and carrots. +W. Gedney seems to have been +peculiarly happy in his specimens, +remarking, “But for the terribly sudden +death which so often overtakes +these birds, they would be the most +charming feathered pets that a lady +could possess, having neither the power +nor inclination to bite savagely.” The +same writer’s recommendation to feed +this Lory exclusively upon soft food, +in which honey forms a great part, +probably accounts for his advice to +those “whose susceptible natures would +be shocked” by the sudden death of +their favorite, not to become the owner +of a Blue Mountain Lory.</p> + +<p>Like all the parrot family these +Lories breed in hollow boughs, where +the female deposits from three to four +white eggs, upon which she sits for +twenty-one days. The young from +the first resemble their parents closely, +but are a trifle less brilliantly colored.</p> + +<p>They are very active and graceful, +but have an abominable shriek. The +noise is said to be nearly as disagreeable +as the plumage is beautiful. They +are very quarrelsome and have to be +kept apart from the other parrots, which +they will kill. Other species of birds +however, are not disturbed by them. +It is a sort of family animosity. They +have been bred in captivity.</p> + +<p>The feathers of the head and neck +are long and very narrow and lie +closely together; the claws are strong +and hooked, indicating their tree +climbing habits. Their incessant activity +and amusing ways make these birds +always interesting to watch.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE RED WING BLACK BIRD.</h2> + +<p class="center"><strong>The Bird of Society.</strong></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +The blackbirds make the maples ring<br /> +With social cheer and jubilee;<br /> +The redwing flutes his o-ka-lee.—<span class="smcap">Emerson.</span></p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 86px;"> +<img src="images/imgt.png" width="86" height="80" alt="T" title="" /> +</div> +<p>HE much abused and persecuted +Red Wing Black Bird is found +throughout North America, +from the Atlantic to the Pacific; +and it breeds more or less abundantly +wherever found. In New England +it is generally migratory, though +instances are on record where a few +have been known to remain throughout +the winter in Massachusetts. Passing, +in January, through the lower +counties of Virginia, one frequently +witnesses the aerial evolutions of great +numbers of these birds. Sometimes +they appear as if driven about like an +enormous black cloud carried before +the wind, varying every moment in +shape. Sometimes they rise suddenly +from the fields with a noise like thunder, +while the glittering of innumerable +wings of the brightest vermillion, +amid the black cloud, occasion a very +striking effect. At times the whole +congregated multitude will suddenly +alight in some detached grove and +commence one general concert, that +can plainly be distinguished at the +distance of more than two miles. With +the Redwings the whole winter season +seems one continued carnival. They +find abundant food in the old fields of +rice, buckwheat and grain, and much +of their time is spent in aerial movements, +or in grand vocal performances.</p> + +<p>The Redwings, for their nest, always +select either the borders of streams or +low marshy situations, amongst thick +bunches of reeds. One nest was found +built on a slender sapling at the distance +of fourteen feet from the ground. +The nest was pensile, like that of the +Baltimore Oriole.</p> + +<p>They have from one to three or more +broods in a season, according to +locality.</p> + +<p>In the grain growing states they +gather in immense swarms and commit +havoc, and although they are shot +in great numbers, and though their +ranks are thinned by the attacks of +hawks, it seems to have but little +effect upon the survivors.</p> + +<p>On the other hand, these Black +Birds more than compensate the farmer +for their mischief by the benefit they +confer in the destruction of grub +worms, caterpillars, and various kinds +of larvae, the secret and deadly enemies +of vegetation. It has been estimated +the number of insects destroyed by +these birds in a single season, in the +United States, to be twelve thousand +millions.</p> + +<p>The eggs average about an inch in +length. They are oval in shape, have +a light bluish ground, and are marbled, +lined and blotched with markings of +light and dark purple and black.</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> +<p class="center"><strong>BLACKBIRD.</strong></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 16.5em;"> +’Tis a woodland enchanted!<br /> +By no sadder spirit<br /> +Than blackbirds and thrushes,<br /> +That whistle to cheer it<br /> +All day in the bushes,<br /> +This woodland is haunted;<br /> +And in a small clearing,<br /> +Beyond sight or hearing<br /> +Of human annoyance,<br /> +The little fount gushes.—<span class="smcap">Lowell</span>.</p> +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 440px;"> +<img src="images/img_062.jpg" width="440" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">red-wing black bird.</span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE BIRD OF SOCIETY.</h2> + + +<p>The blackbird loves to be one +of a great flock. He talks, sings +or scolds from morning until +night. He cannot keep still. He +will only stay alone with his +family a few months in the summer. +That is the reason he is +called the “Bird of Society.” +When he is merry, he gaily +sings, “Conk-quer-ree.” When +he is angry or frightened he +screams, “Chock! Chock!” +When he is flying or bathing he +gives a sweet note which sounds +like ee-u-u. He can chirp—chick, +check, chuck, to his little +ones as softly as any other bird. +But only his best friends ever +hear his sweetest tones, for the +Blackbirds do not know how to +be polite. They all talk at once. +That is why most people think +they only scream and chatter. +Did you ever hear the blackbirds +in the cornfields? If the +farmers thought about it perhaps +they would feel that part +of every corn crop belongs to the +Blackbirds. When the corn is +young, the farmer cannot see the +grubs which are eating the young +plants. The Blackbirds can. +They feed them to their babies—many +thousands in a day. +That is the way the crops are +saved for the farmer. But he +never thinks of that. Later when +the Blackbirds come for their +share of the corn the farmer +says, “No, they shall not have +my corn. I must stop that +quickly.” Perhaps the Blackbirds +said the same thing to +the grubs in the spring. It is +hard to have justice for everyone.</p> + +<p>In April the Blackbird and his +mate leave the noisy company. +They seek a cosy home near the +water where they can be quiet +until August. They usually +choose a swampy place among +low shrubs and rushes. Here +in the deep nest of coarse grass, +moss and mud the mother bird +lays her five eggs. They are +very pretty—light blue with purple +and black markings. Their +friends say this is the best time +to watch the blackbirds. In the +flock they are all so much alike +we cannot tell one from another. +You would like to hear of some +of the wise things Blackbirds +do when they are tame.</p> + +<p>One friend of the birds turned +her home into a great open bird +cage. Her chair was the favorite +perch of her birds. She +never kept them one minute +longer than they wanted to stay. +Yet her home was always full. +This was Olive Thorne Miller. +If you care to, you might ask +mother to get “Bird Ways” and +read you what she says about +this “bird of society” and the +other birds of this book.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span></p> +<h2>THE AMERICAN RED BIRD.</h2> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 93px;"> +<img src="images/imga1.png" width="93" height="80" alt="A" title="" /> +</div> +<p>MERICAN RED BIRDS are +among our most common +cage birds, and are very generally +known in Europe, +numbers of them having +been carried over both to France and +England. Their notes are varied and +musical; many of them resembling the +high notes of a fife, and are nearly as +loud. They are in song from March +to September, beginning at the first +appearance of dawn and repeating +successively twenty or thirty times, +and with little intermission, a favorite +strain.</p> + +<p>The sprightly figure and gaudy +plumage of the Red Bird, his vivacity, +strength of voice, and actual variety of +note, and the little expense with which +he is kept, will always make him a +favorite.</p> + +<p>This species is more numerous to +the east of the great range of the Alleghenies, +but is found in Pennsylvania +and Ohio, and is numerous in the +lower parts of the Southern States. In +January and February they have been +found along the roadsides and fences, +hovering together in half dozens, +associating with snow birds, and various +kinds of sparrows. In the northern +states they are migratory, and in +the southern part of Pennsylvania they +reside during the whole year, frequenting +the borders of rivulets, in sheltered +hollows, covered with holly, laurel, +and other evergreens. They love also +to reside in the vicinity of fields of +Indian corn, a grain that constitutes +their chief and favorite food. The +seeds of apples, cherries, and other +fruit are also eaten by them, and they +are accused of destroying bees.</p> + +<p>Early in May the Red Bird begins to +prepare his nest, which is very often +fixed in a holly, cedar or laurel bush. A +pair of Red Birds in Ohio returned for a +number of years to build their nest in +a honeysuckle vine under a portico. +They were never disturbed and never +failed to rear a brood of young. The +nest was constructed of small twigs, +dry weeds, slips of vine bark, and lined +with stalks of fine grass. Four eggs +of brownish olive were laid, and they +usually raised two broods in a season.</p> + +<p>In confinement they fade in color, +but if well cared for, will live to a +considerable age. They are generally +known by the names: Red Bird, Virginia +Red Bird, Virginia Nightingale, +and Crested Red Bird. It is said that +the female often sings nearly as well +as the male.</p> + +<hr style="width: 15%;" /> + +<p class="center"><strong>THE REDBIRDS.</strong></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Two Redbirds came in early May,<br /> +Flashing like rubies on the way;<br /> +Their joyous notes awoke the day,<br /> +And made all nature glad and gay.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Thrice welcome! crested visitants;<br /> +Thou doest well to seek our haunts;<br /> +The bounteous vine, by thee possessed,<br /> +From prying eyes shall keep thy nest.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Sing to us in the early dawn;<br /> +’Tis then thy scarlet throats have drawn<br /> +Refreshing draughts from drops of dew,<br /> +The enchanting concert to renew.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +No plaintive notes, we ween, are thine;<br /> +They gurgle like a royal wine;<br /> +They cheer, rejoice, they quite outshine<br /> +Thy neighbor’s voice, tho’ it’s divine.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Free as the circumambient air<br /> +Do thou remain, a perfect pair,<br /> +To come once more when Proserpine<br /> +Shall swell the buds of tree and vine.<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 10em;">—C. C. M.</span></p> + +<p> </p> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 442px;"> +<img src="images/img_070.jpg" width="442" height="600" alt="image" title="" /> +<span class="caption">cardinal.</span> +</div> + +<p> </p> + +<p class="center"><strong>THE RED BIRD.</strong></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +Is it because he wears a red hat,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">That we call him the Cardinal Bird?</span><br /> +Or is it because his voice is so rich<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;">That scarcely a finer is heard?</span></p> + +<p style="margin-left: 15em;"> +’Tis neither, but this—I’ve guessed it, I’m sure—<br /> +His dress is a primary color of Nature.<br /> +It blends with the Oriole’s golden display,<br /> +And the garment of Blue Bird completes the array.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 10em;">—C. C. M.</span></p> + +<hr style="width: 95%;" /> + +<p class="center"><strong>ATTEND THE BEST.</strong></p> + +<h1>CHICAGO BUSINESS COLLEGE</h1> + +<p class="center"><strong>Wabash Ave. & Randolph St.</strong></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 414px;"> +<img src="images/img_072.jpg" width="414" height="600" alt="advertisement" title="" /> +</div> + +<p style="margin-left: 7em; margin-right: 7em;">Elegant new building. Finer apartments than any other Commercial School +in the United States. Thorough courses in BUSINESS, SHORTHAND and ENGLISH. +Day and Evening Sessions. Write for catalogue mailed FREE.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 18em;">Address <strong>GONDRING & VIRDEN</strong>, Principals.</p> + +<p class="center">Please mention “BIRDS” when you write to Advertisers.</p> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 445px;"> +<img src="images/img_073.jpg" width="445" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" /> +</div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;"> +<img src="images/img_074.jpg" width="450" height="381" alt="advertisement" title="" /> +</div> + +<h2><span style="color: #000063;">What POINTS do You Want in a COPYING Machine?</span></h2> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;"> +<img src="images/img_074txt.jpg" width="600" height="123" alt="image" title="" /> +</div> + +<h2><span style="color: #000063;" class="smcap">fast—durable—simple.</span></h2> + +<p style="color: #000063; margin-left: 2em;">SAVES TIME, MATERIAL, MONEY.<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 8em;">SAVES ITS COST EVERY YEAR BY ECONOMY IN COPYING PAPER.</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 16em;">EVERY BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL MAN NEEDS IT.</span></p> + +<p style="color: #000063; margin-bottom: -1em;">Will allow for your old screw press. SEND FOR TRADE PROPOSITION. Address</p> + +<h2><span style="color: #000063;">ANDERSON AUTOMATIC COPYING MACHINE CO.</span></h2> + +<p style="color: #000063; margin-left: 29em; margin-top: -1em;">910 Monadnock Block, CHICAGO.</p> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;"> +<img src="images/img_074a.jpg" width="450" height="22" alt="page decoration" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center">Please mention “BIRDS” when you write to Advertisers.</p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 423px;"> +<img src="images/img_077.jpg" width="423" height="650" alt="advertisement" title="" /> +</div> + +<p class="center">Please mention “BIRDS” when you write to Advertisers.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>TESTIMONIALS.</h2> + +<p style="margin-left: 27em;"><span class="smcap">Frankfort. Ky.,</span> February 3, 1897.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">W. J. Black</span>, Vice-President,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 9em;">Chicago, Ill.</span></p> + +<p>Dear Sir: I have a copy of your magazine entitled “Birds,” and beg to +say that I consider it one of the finest things on the subject that I +have ever seen, and shall be pleased to recommend it to county and city +superintendents of the state.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 26em;">Very respectfully,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 3em;" class="smcap">W. J. Davidson</span>,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: -1em;">State Superintendent Public Instruction.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p style="margin-left: 25em;"><span class="smcap">San Francisco, Cal.,</span> January 27, 1897.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">W. J. Black, Esq.</span>,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 5em;">Chicago, Ill.</span></p> + +<p>Dear Sir: I am very much obliged for the copy of “Birds” that has just +come to hand. It should be in the hands of every primary and grammar +teacher. I send herewith copy of “List of San Francisco Teachers.”</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 26em;">Very respectfully,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 4em;" class="smcap">M. Babcock</span>.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p style="margin-left: 27em;"><span class="smcap">Lincoln, Neb.</span>, February 9, 1897.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">W. J. Black</span>,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 3em;">Chicago, Ill.</span></p> + +<p>Dear Sir: The first number of your magazine, “Birds,” is upon my desk. +I am highly pleased with it. It will prove a very serviceable +publication—one that strikes out along the right lines. For the purpose +intended, it has, in my opinion, no equal. It is clear, concise, and +admirably illustrated.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 26em;">Very respectfully,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 3em;" class="smcap">W. R. Jackson</span>,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: -1em;">State Superintendent Public Instruction.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p style="margin-left: 25em;"><span class="smcap">North Lima, Ohio</span>, February 1, 1897.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Mr. W. E. Watt</span>,</p> + +<p>Dear Sir: Sample copy of “Birds” received. All of the family delighted +with it. We wish it unbounded success. It will be an excellent supplement +to “In Birdland” in the Ohio Teachers’ Reading Circle, and I venture Ohio +will be to the front with a good subscription list. I enclose list of +teachers.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 26em;">Very truly,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 2em;" class="smcap">C. M. L. Altdoerffer</span>,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 4em;">Township Superintendent.</span></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p style="margin-left: 28em;"><span class="smcap">Milwaukee</span>, January 30, 1897.</p> + +<p><span class="smcap">Nature Study Publishing Company</span>,<br /> + <span style="margin-left: 5em;">227 Dearborn Street, Chicago.</span></p> + +<p>Gentlemen: I acknowledge with pleasure the receipt of your publication, +“Birds,” with accompanying circulars. I consider it the best on the subject +in existence. I have submitted the circulars and publication to my teachers, +who have nothing to say but praise in behalf of the monthly.</p> + +<p style="margin-left: 26em;"><span class="smcap">Julius Torney</span>,<br /> +<span style="margin-left: -6em;">Principal 2nd Dist. Primary School, Milwaukee, Wis.</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 392px;"> +<img src="images/img82.png" width="392" height="600" alt="Our premium" title="" /> +</div> + +<p> </p> +<p> </p> +<hr class="full" /> +</div> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BIRDS ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPH, VOLUME 1, NUMBER 2, FEBRUARY, 1897***</p> +<p>******* This file should be named 30626-h.txt or 30626-h.zip *******</p> +<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/0/6/2/30626">http://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/6/2/30626</a></p> +<p>Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed.</p> + +<p>Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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