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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/30595-8.txt b/30595-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..cb2097e --- /dev/null +++ b/30595-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,4575 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 216, December 17, +1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 216, December 17, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: December 4, 2009 [EBook #30595] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC. 17, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{581} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 216.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 17. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Teaching a Dog French, by Arthur Paget 581 + The Religion of the Russians 582 + Leicestershire Epitaphs, by William Kelly 582 + Longfellow's "Reaper and the Flowers" 583 + + MINOR NOTES:--"Receipt" or "Recipe"--Death of Philip III. + of Spain--Churchwardens--Epigram--Oxford Commemoration Squib, + 1849--Professor Macgillivray--Manifesto of the Emperor + Nicholas 583 + + QUERIES:-- + William Cookworthy, the Inventor of British Porcelain, + by J. Prideaux 585 + Catholic Floral Directories, &c. 585 + George Alsop 585 + + MINOR QUERIES:--B. L. M.--Member of Parliament electing + himself--"Suaviter in modo, fortiter in re"--Jacobite Garters + --Daughters taking their Mothers' Names--General Fraser--A + Punning Divine--Contango--Pedigree to the Time of Alfred-- + "Service is no inheritance"--Antiquity of Fire-irons-- + General Wolfe at Nantwich--"Corporations have no Souls," + &c.--Leeming Family--MS. Poems and Songs--Bishop Watson 585 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Herbert's "Memoirs of the Last + Years of Charles I."--"Liturgy of the Ancients"--"Ancient + hallowed Dee"--Who was True Blue?--Charge of Plagiarism + against Paley--Weber's "Cecilia"--Andrew Johnson--MS. by + Glover--Gurney's Short-hand--Spurious Don Quixote 587 + + REPLIES:-- + + Pronunciation of Hebrew Names and Words in the Bible, by + T. J. Buckton, &c. 590 + Lord Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton, by Weld Taylor 590 + Inscriptions in Books 591 + Praying to the West 592 + "Green Eyes," by C. Forbes, &c. 592 + The Myrtle Bee, by W. R. D. Salmon 593 + Tin 593 + Milton's Widow 594 + Books chained to Desks in Churches--Old Parochial Libraries 595 + The Court-house, by P. H. Fisher 596 + + PHOTOGRAPHY.--On the Simplicity of the Calotype Process, + by Dr. Diamond 596 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Belike--Stage-coaches--Birthplace + of King Edward V.--Ringing Church Bells at Death--What is + the Origin of "Getting into a Scrape?"--High Dutch and Low + Dutch--Discovery of Planets--Gloves at Fairs--Awk--Tenet-- + Lovett of Astwell--Irish Rhymes--Passage in Boerhaave-- + Unkid--To split Paper--La Fleur des Saints--Dr. Butler and + St. Edmund's Bury, &c. 600 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 606 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 607 + Notices to Correspondents 607 + Advertisements 608 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +TEACHING A DOG FRENCH. + +"N. & Q." the other day (Vol. viii., p. 464.) contained a curious tale of a +cat: will you insert as a pendent the following one of a dog? The +supposition that D. Julio was some obnoxious Frenchman protected by the +Government, seems necessary to account for the "teachyng a dogg frenche" in +front of his door constituting such a dire offence. His name occurs, if I +remember rightly, in Dr. Dee's _Diary_ (Cam. Soc.), but I have not the book +at hand to refer to. Perhaps some of your correspondents may inform me who +he was. The original is in the Lansdowne MS. (114. No. 8.) in the British +Museum; and the fact of its being amongst Lord Burleigh's papers shows that +the occurrence took place between 1571 and 1598, the respective dates of +his appointment as "l tresurer" and his death. + +ARTHUR PAGET. + + * * * * * + +"_D. Julio's Abstract of the Deposicons of ye witnesses sworne touching ye +speches of John Paget_. + + "To proue that one William (sic) Paget, on the V^{th} day of this + present moneth, being Friday, betwixt VIII and IX of the clocke at + nyght, went vp and down teachyng a dogg frenche. + + "1. M^{ris} Karter, a jentilwoman borne, sayeth, that about the same + tym, she did hear the said Paget, that he wold teache his dogg to speak + frenche. + + "2. M^{ris} Anne Coot, a jentilwoman, affirmeth the same. + + "3. One William Poyser, yeoman, sayeth, that he harde Paget saye that + he wold make his dogg speake as good frenche as any of them. + + "4. James Hudson sayeth, that standing at his maisters doore he did + hear Paget speake to his dogg in a straunge language, but what language + he knew not. + + "5. Edward, a grosser, is to be deposed that he harde Paget say, I will + teache my dogg to speake frenche, and was talking with his dogg in + frenche. + + "To proue that the sayd Paget did say, Shortlye will come vnto the + realme frenche dogges, I hope I shall see thame all rootted out. + + "1. M^{ris} Karter sayeth, she harde Paget say, Shortlie wil come vnto + the realme frenche dogges, I hope I shall see thame all rootted out. + + {582} + + "2. M^{ris} Anne Coot affirmeth the same. + + "3. William Poyser sayeth, he harde Paget say, Within this week or two, + there will come a great many frenche dogges. + + "4. M^{ris} Eleonore Borgourneci vppon her othe affirmeth the same. + + "5. The l maior writteth in his l[=r]e to my l tresurer that Paget + affirmeth before him that he wold the realme were ryd of all yll + straungers, adding this qualification. [Qualification not given.] + + "To proue the great assembly that was with Paget, before D. Julio + came home to his howse. + + "1. John Polton saieth, when his maister came home there was about a + hundreth persone of men, women, and chyldren, vp and downe there. + + "2. James Hudson sayeth, that he thinketh there was about ^{XX}IIII + people assembled in the streett before this examinat his maister came + home. + + "3. Richard Preston sayeth, that there was in his iudgement aboue a + hundred people in the streett before this deponets maister came home, + and after his m^r came home the nomber of the people were greater. + + "To proue that the sayd Paget did resiste to the constable when he + came to apprehend him. + + "1. William Poyser sayeth, when the constable came to apprehende the + sayd Paget he kept the constable out with force, and sayd he should not + enter on him. + + "2. James Hudson sayeth, Paget wold not suffer the constable to entere + vnto his howse, but sayd if any man will entere vnto this howse, yf it + were not f^r felony or treason to apprehend him, he wold kill hym, yf + he could, f^r he sayd his howse was his castell. + + "3. Richard Preston sayeth, when the constable came to apprehende + Pagett, he hauing a bill or halberd in his hand, did keape him out of + his howse, and sayd, he showld not enter except it were f^r felonye or + treason, or that he brought my l maiors warrant." + + * * * * * + +THE RELIGION OF THE RUSSIANS. + +Public attention being very particularly directed towards the Russian +nation at the present time, a few remarks regarding some peculiarities in +their manner of worship, &c., which probably are not generally known, may +be interesting. + +I have been for some time past endeavouring to determine the exact nature +of the homage the Russians pay to the "gods"--whether they should be called +_images_ or _pictures_? and whether the Russians should be considered +idolaters or not? + +Whenever a Russian passes a church, his custom is to cross himself (some do +so three times, accompanying it with bowing). In every room in their houses +an image (or picture) is placed in the east corner, before which they +uncover their heads and cross themselves on entering. + +Their churches are filled with these their representatives of the deity, +and it is very curious to observe a devout Russian kissing the toe of one, +crossing himself before another, while to another he will in addition +prostrate himself, even with his head to the ground; this latter is also +very frequently done at intervals during the celebration of their services: +but their churches are always open, so that if any one wants to pay +devotion to a particular image (or picture) while no service is going on, +he can do so. + +I understand that they consider they worship the deity through these +representations. In the present day these gods are called _obraaz_, of +which the literal translation is _image_. The old Sclavonic word for them +is _eekona_, which was formerly in general use, and has exactly the same +meaning, answering to the Greek word [Greek: eikôn]. As far as I can make +out, neither of these words can be translated _picture_; but I do not +remember to have found this point touched upon in any books I I have read +on Russia or its religion; and hope, if any correspondent is able to give +us farther information on the subject, he will do so. + +The Russians also believe in relics, in their efficacy in healing diseases, +working other miracles, &c. Notwithstanding this, a very short time ago, a +new relic was found in the south of Russia, and a courier being immediately +despatched with it to the Emperor at St. Petersburg; on his arrival, his +Imperial Majesty (expecting some important news regarding his operations in +the neighbourhood of Turkey), when told his errand, exclaimed, "Away with +the relic! it is time to put an end to such nonsense." Would that this were +to be carried out! But their superstitions seem too deeply rooted to be +done away with in a short time. + +J. S. A. + + * * * * * + +LEICESTERSHIRE EPITAPHS. + +Having seen only one epitaph from this county among those which have +appeared in "N. & Q.," I annex a few specimens, which you may perhaps deem +worth inserting in your pages. + +Burbage: + + "These pretty babes, who we did love, + Departed from us like a dove; + These babes, who we did much adore, + Is gone, and cannot come no more." + +Hinckley: + + "My days on earth they were but few, + With fever draughts and cordials few, + They wasted like the morning dew." + +Braunstone: + + "All triumph yesterday, to-day all terror! + Nay, the fair morning overcast ere even: + Nay, one short hour saw well and dead, War's mirror + Having Death's swift stroke unperceived given." + +{583} + +Another: + + "An honest, prudent wife was she; + And was always inclin'd + A tender mother for to be, + And to her neighbours kind." + +Belgrave. This I quote from memory; it may not be verbally, but it is +substantially correct: + + "Laurance Stetly slumbers here; + He lived on earth near forty year; + October's eight-and-twentieth day + His soul forsook its house of clay, + And thro' the pure ether took its way. + We hope his soul doth rest in heaven. + 1777." + +Newtown Linford, adjoining Bradgate Park. In this churchyard is a tombstone +on which is engraved only the letters of the alphabet and the simple +numerals. The story goes, that he who lies below, an illiterate inhabitant +of the village in the last century, whose name, I believe, is now +forgotten, being very anxious that, after death, a tombstone should be +erected to perpetuate his memory, and being fearful that his relatives +might neglect to do so, came to Leicester to purchase one himself. Seeing +this stone in the mason's workshop (where it was used by the workmen as a +pattern for the letters and figures), he bought it "a bargain," supposing +it would serve his purpose as well as a new one, and after his decease it +was placed at the head of his grave, where it now appears. + +All Saints' churchyard, Leicester. On two children of John Bracebridge, who +were both named John, and died infants: + + "Both John and John soon lost their lives, + And yet, by God, John still survives." + +Throsby (_Hist. of Leic._) relates that Bishop Thurlow, at one of his +visitations, had the words _by God_ altered to _thro' God_. + +WILLIAM KELLY. + +Leicester. + + * * * * * + +LONGFELLOW'S "REAPER AND THE FLOWERS." + +On looking over, a short time ago, a book of German songs, I was much +struck by the similarity of thought, and even sometimes of expression, +between the above piece from Mr. Longfellow's _Voices of the Night_, and a +song by Luise Reichardt, a few verses of which I subjoin; as perhaps the +song may not be known to some of your correspondents. + + "It is a favourite theme," as Sir W. Scott says, "of laborious dulness + to trace such coincidences, because they appear to reduce genius of the + higher order to the usual standard of humanity, and of course to bring + the author nearer to a level with his critics." + +It is not, however, with the view of detracting from the originality of Mr. +Longfellow, that these two small pieces are put side by side; for possibly +the song alluded to was never seen by our transatlantic neighbour, but +merely for the purpose of showing how the poets treat the same, and +certainly not very novel subject. + + "DER SCHNITTER TOD. + (Von Luise Reichartdt.) + "Es ist ein Schnitter, der heisst Tod, + Der hat Gestalt vom höchsten Gott. + Heut' wetzt er das Messer, + Es schneid't schon viel besser, + Bald wird er drein schneiden, + Wir müssen's nur leiden. + Hüte dich, schön's Blümelein! + + "Was heut' noch grün und frisch dasteht, + Wird morgen schon hinweg gemäht; + Die edlen Narzissen, + Die Zierden der Wiesen + Die schön' Nyagnithen, + Die turkischen Binden. + Hüte dich, schön's Blümelein! + + "Viel hundert tausend ungezählt, + Was nur unter die Sichel fällt: + Ihr Rosen, ihr Lilien, + Euch wird er austilgen, + Auch die Kaiserkronen + Wird er nicht verschonen, + Hüte dich, schön's Blümelein! + + "Trotz, Tod! Komm her, ich fürcht' dich nicht! + Trotz, eil daher in einem Schnitt! + Werd' ich nur verletzet, + So werd' ich versetzet, + In den himmlischen Garten, + Auf den wir alle warten, + Freue dich, schön's Blümelein!" + +J. C. B. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_"Receipt" or "Recipe."_--In one of Mr. Ryle's popular tracts, "_Do you +pray?_" Wertheim and Mackintosh: London, 1853, occurs the following +expression, p. 18.: + + "What is the best _receipt_ for happiness?" + +Is the use of "receipt" for "recipe" to be admitted into the English +language? + +W. E. + +_Death of Philip III. of Spain._--D'Israeli, in his _Curiosities of +literature_, states to the effect that this kings fatal illness was induced +by the overheating of a brazier, whereof state etiquette forbad the removal +until the person in regular attendance should arrive. For this statement he +quotes no authority, and consequently MR. BOLTON CORNEY, in his +_Illustrations of the Curiosities of Literature_ (2nd ed., p. 87.), +discredits the story. + +It is singular that MR. CORNEY should have forgotten that the anecdote is +given by the Maréchal {584} de Bassompierre, who was at Madrid at the time +of the king's death; the Maréchal's informant was the Marquis de Pobar, +_who was present at the scene_. Is not this sufficient? (See _Mémoires de +Bassompierre_, under the date of 11th of March, 1621, vol. i. p. 548. of +the edition of Cologne, 1665.) + +C. V. + +_Churchwardens._--In an old scrap-book in my possession, I met with the +following, which, should you deem it of sufficient interest, I shall be +glad to see inserted in "N. & Q." The print appears to be about sixty or +seventy years old, and evidently from a newspaper: + + "The institution of churchwardens is of remote antiquity, they having + been first appointed at the African Council, held under Celestine and + Boniface, about the year of our Lord 423. These officers have at + different periods been distinguished by different appellations, + _Defensores_, _Oeconomi_, and _Præpositi Ecclesiæ_, _Testes Synodales_, + &c. In the time of Edward III. they were called Church Reves, as we + read in Chaucer: + + 'Of church reves, and of testamentes, + Of contractes, and of lacke of sacramentes.' + + At this day they are called Churchwardens; all those names being + expressive of the nature of the office, which is to guard, preserve, + and superintend the rights, revenues, buildings, and furniture of the + church. In an old churchwarden's book of accounts, belonging to the + parish of Farringdon, in the county of Berks, and bearing date A.D. + 1518, there is the form of admitting churchwardens into their office at + that period, in the following words: 'Cherchye Wardenys, thys shall be + your charge: to be true to God and to the cherche: for love nor for + favor off no man wythin thys parriche to withold any ryght to the + cherche; but to resseve the dettys to hyt belongythe, or else to go to + the devell.'" + +Your readers will observe that the last is a very summary kind of sentence. +Any farther information relating to the institution of churchwardens[1] +will be esteemed by + +J. B. WHITBORNE. + +[Footnote 1: On the institution of churchwardens consult Burn's +_Ecclesiastical Law_, tit. Churchwardens; and the works noticed in "N. & +Q.," Vol. vii., p. 359.] + +_Epigram._--In an old book I found this epigram, published in 1660, more +suitable perhaps for your columns during the excitement of the Papal +aggression than now: + + "ON ROME. + "Hate and debate Rome through the world hath spread, + Yet Roma, amor is, if backward read; + Then is it strange, Rome hate should foster? no, + For out of backward love, all hate doth grow." + +ALIQUIS. + +Edinburgh. + +_Oxford Commemoration Squib_, 1849.--The following _jeu d'esprit_ was +circulated in Oxford at the Commemoration in 1849; it created a great +sensation at the time, from its clever allusion to the political changes on +the other side of the channel, and, I think, deserves to be rescued from +oblivion by a place in the columns of "N. & Q.:" + + "LIBERTY! FRATERNITY! EQUALITY! + + "Citizen Academicians, + + "The cry of Reform has been too long unheard. Our infatuated rulers + refused to listen to it. The term of their tyranny is at length + accomplished. The Vice-Chancellor has fled on horseback. The Proctors + have resigned their usurped authority. The Scouts have fraternised with + the friends of liberty. The University is no more. A Republican Lyceum + will henceforth diffuse light and civilisation. The hebdomadal board is + abolished. The Legislative Powers will be entrusted to a General + Convention of the whole Lyceum. A Provisional Government has been + established. The undersigned citizens have nobly devoted themselves to + the task of administration. + + (Signed) "Citizen CLOUGH (_President of the Executive Council_). + SEWELL. + BOSSOM (_Operative_). + JOHN CONINGTON. + WRIGHTSON." + +Your academical readers will appreciate the signatures. + +TEWARS. + +_Professor Macgillivray._--The mention by W. (Vol. viii., p. 467.) of this +lamented naturalist's posthumous work, descriptive of the _Natural History +of Balmoral_, and of its intended publication by Prince Albert, induces me +to hope that you will give insertion to the following extract from +Professor Macgillivray's _History of the Molluscous Animals of +Aberdeenshire_, &c., as showing the character of the man, and the spirit in +which he prosecuted his researches. + + "The labour required for such an investigation cannot be at all + appreciated by those who have not directed their energies towards such + an object. The rocky coasts and sandy beaches of the sea, the valleys + and hills of the interior, the pastures, mossy banks, thickets, woods, + rocks, ruins, walls, ditches, pools, canals, rills, and rivers, were + all to be assiduously searched. No collections of mollusca made in the + district were known to me, nor do any of our libraries contain the + works necessary to be consulted, although that of King's College + supplies some of great value. In a situation so remote from the great + centres of civilisation, the solution of doubts is often difficult of + attainment, and there is always a risk of describing as new what may + already have been entered into the long catalogue of known objects. But + the pleasure of continually adding to one's knowledge, the sympathy of + friends, the invigorating influence of the many ramblings required, the + delight of aiding others in the same pursuits, and many other + circumstances, amply suffice to carry one through greater difficulties + than those alluded to, even should the sneers of the {585} + ignorantly-wise, or the frowns of the pompously-grave, be directed + toward the unconscious wight, who, immersed in mud, gropes with the + keenness of a money-gatherer, for the to them insignificant objects, + which have exercised the wisdom and the providence of the glorious + Creator."--Preface, p. 10. + +J. MACRAY. + +_Manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas._--Some of the newspapers, having stated +that the concluding Latin words in this manifesto--"Domine in te speravi, +ne confundar in eternum"--are from the Psalms, I beg to say that these +words are not taken from the Scriptures of either Testament, nor from the +Apocrypha; but constitute the last verse of the "Te Deum," commencing, "We +acknowledge thee to be the Lord," and ending, "O Lord, in thee have I +trusted, let me never be confounded." It is usual to sing "Te Deum" after +victories, but Nicholas begins his song _before_ he achieves one: taking +the _last_ verse _first_. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +WILLIAM COOKWORTHY, THE INVENTOR OF BRITISH PORCELAIN. + +In endeavouring to revive the neglected memory of this good and great man, +I have carefully looked over the chief periodicals of his day (1730 to +1780) with very little success; perhaps because those I have at command, +the _Gentleman's Magazine_, _Universal Magazine_, and _Universal Museum_, +were not those selected for his correspondence. + +If any of your readers can refer me to any papers or essays of his, or any +details of the internal management of his China works, or of his public or +private life, it will be doing me a great favour. + +What I have hitherto collected are chiefly fragmentary accounts of his life +and character; general notices of his discovery of the China clay and +stone, of the progress of his manufactory, and of his treatment of British +cobalt ores; details of his experiments on the distillation of sea-water +for use on ship-board; a treatise in detail on the divining rod; and +several of his private letters, chiefly religious. + +Most of these I have thrown out in print, under the title of _Relics of +William Cookworthy, &c._, which I am desirous of making much more complete. + +J. PRIDEAUX. + + * * * * * + +CATHOLIC FLORAL DIRECTORIES, ETC. + +More than a year ago (Vol. vi., p. 503.) I made a Query respecting Catholic +Floral Directories, and two works in particular which were largely quoted +in Mr. Oakley's _Catholic Florist_, Lond. 1851; and I again alluded to them +in Vol. vii., p. 402., but have not got any reply. The two works referred +to, viz. the _Anthologia Borealis et Australis_, and the _Florilegium +Sanctorum Aspirationum_, are not to be heard of anywhere (so far as I can +see) save in Mr. Oakley's book. During the last year I have ransacked all +the bibliographical authorities I could lay hold of, and made every inquiry +after these mysterious volumes, but all in vain. + +The orthography and style of the passages cited are of a motley kind, and +most of them read like modern compositions, though here and there we have a +quaint simile and a piece of antique spelling. In fact they seem more like +imitations than anything else; and I cannot resist the temptation of +placing them on the same shelf with McPherson's _Ossian_ and the poems of +Rowley. In some places a French version of the _Florilegium_ is quoted: +even if that escaped one's researches, is it likely that two old English +books (which these purport to be), of such a remarkable kind, should be +unknown to all our bibliographers, and to the readers of "N. & Q.," among +whom may be found the chief librarians and bibliographers in the three +kingdoms. Is it not strange also that Mr. Oakley and his "compiler" decline +giving any information respecting these books? + +I shall feel extremely obliged to any correspondent who will clear up this +matter, and who will furnish me with a list of Catholic Floral Directories. + +EIRIONNACH. + + * * * * * + +GEORGE ALSOP. + +George Alsop was ordained deacon 1666-67, priest 1669, by Henry King, +Bishop of Chichester. He printed in 1669-- + + "An Orthodox Plea for the Sanctuary of God, Common Service, and White + Robe of the House. Printed for the Author, and sold by R. Reynolds, at + the Sun and Bible in the Postern." + +It is a small 8vo. of eighty-six pages, exclusive of the dedication to the +Bishop of Chichester, and an Epistle to the Reader, and has a portrait of +the author by W. Sherwin. + +Can any of your readers give me any account of this George Alsop, his +preferment, if any, and the time of his death? + +He is, I feel persuaded, a different person from the author of _A Character +of Maryland_, 12mo., 1666. + +P. B. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_B. L. M._--What is the meaning of the abbreviation B. L. M. in Italian +epistolary correspondence? I have reason to believe that it is used {586} +where some degree of acquaintance exists, but not in addressing an entire +stranger. In a correspondence now before me, one of the writers, an Italian +gentleman, uses it in the subscription to _every one_ of his letters, +_except the first_, thus: + + "Ho l'honore d' essere col piu profondo rispetto B. L. M. + Il di Lei Umiliss. Dev. Servo." + + "Frattanto la prego di volermi credere nella piu ampla estentione del + termine B. L. M. + Il di Lei Ubb^o. ed Obligato Servitore." + +I need not add more examples. There is nothing in Graglia's _Collection of +Italian Letters_ that explains it. + +J. W. T. + +Dewsbury. + +_Member of Parliament electing himself._--In the biographical notices of +the author of an _Inquiry into the Rise and Growth of the Royal Prerogative +in England_, 1849, I find the following curious circumstances: + + "The writ for election (of a member for the county of Bute) was + transmitted to the sheriff, Mr. McLeod Bannatine, afterwards Lord + Bannatine. He named the day, and issued his precept for the election. + When the day of election arrived, Mr. Bannatine was the only freeholder + present. As freeholder he voted himself chairman of the meeting; as + sheriff he produced the writ and receipt for election, read the writ + and the oaths against bribery at elections; as sheriff he administered + the oaths of supremacy, &c., to himself as chairman; he signed the + oaths as chairman and as sheriff; as chairman he named the clerk to the + meeting, and called over the roll of freeholders; he proposed the + candidate and declared him elected; he dictated and signed the minutes + of election; as sheriff he made an indenture of election between + himself as sheriff and himself as chairman, and transmitted it to the + crown office." + +Can any of your correspondents furnish me with a similar case? + +H. M. + +Peckham. + +"_Suaviter in modo, fortiter in re._"--This rule is strongly recommended by +Lord Chesterfield in one of his letters, as "unexceptionably useful and +necessary in every part of life." Whence is it taken, and who is its +author? + +J. W. T. + +Dewsbury. + +_Jacobite Garters._--Can any of your readers inform me of the origin of the +"rebel garters," a pair of which I possess, and which have been carefully +handed down with other Stuart relics by my Jacobin fathers? + +They are about 4 feet long, and 1¼ inch deep, of silk woven in the loom; +the pattern consists of a stripe of red, yellow, and blue, once repeated, +and arranged so that the two blue lines meet in the centre. At each end, +for about six or seven inches, and at spaces set at regular intervals, +these lines of colour are crossed, so as to form a check or tartan; the +spaces corresponding with the words in the following inscription, and one +word being allotted to each space: + + "_Come lett us with one heart agree_" + +and it is continued on the other: + + "_To pray that God may bless P. C._" + +The tartan, however, does not appear to be the "Royal Stuart." + +Probably they were distributed to the friends and adherents of poor Prince +Charles Edward, to commemorate some special event in his ill-fated career. +But it would be interesting to know if many of them remain, and, if +possible, their correct history. + +E. L. I. + +_Daughters taking their Mothers' Names._--Can any of your readers favour me +with any instances, about the time of the first, second, and third Edwards, +of a daughter adding to her own name that of the mother, as Alicia, +daughter of Ada, &c. + +BURIENSIS. + +_General Fraser._--Have there been any _Life_ or _Memoirs_ ever published +of General Fraser, who fell in Burgoyne's most disastrous campaign? If any +such exist I should be glad to know of them. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_A Punning Divine._--Wanted the whereabouts of the following sentence, +which is said to be taken from a volume of sermons published during the +reign of James I.: + + "This _dial_ shows that we must _die all_; yet notwithstanding, _all + houses_ are turned into _ale houses_; our _cares_ into _cates_; our + _paradise_ into a _pair o' dice_; _matrimony_ into a _matter of money_, + and _marriage_ into a _merry age_; our _divines_ have become _dry + vines_; it was not so in the days of _Noah_,--O no!" + +W. W. + +Malta. + +_Contango._--A technical term in use among the sharebrokers of Liverpool, +and I presume elsewhere, signifying a sum of money paid for accommodating +either a buyer or seller by carrying the engagement to pay money or deliver +shares over to the next account-day. Can your correspondents say from +whence derived? + +AGMOND. + +_Pedigree to the Time of Alfred._--Wapshott, a blacksmith in Chertsey, +holds lands held by his ancestors temp. Alfred (McCulloch's _Highlands_, +vol. iv. p. 410.). Can this statement be confirmed in 1853? + +A. C. + +"_Service is no inheritance._"--Will you or any of your readers have the +goodness to inform me {587} what is the origin of the adage occurring twice +in the _Waverley Novels_, thus: + + "Service, I wot, is no inheritance now-a-days; some are wiser than + other some," &c. (See _Peveril of the Peak_, chap. xiv.) + +and + + "Ay, St. Ronan's, that is a' very true,--but service is nae + inheritance, and as for friendship it begins at hame."--_St. Ronan's + Well_, chap. x. + +I have seen a stone in an old building in the north of Scotland, with the +following inscription, cut in letters of an ancient form: "Be gude in +office, or (or perhaps 'for,' part of the stone being here broken off) +servitude is no inheritance to none." And I am curious to know the origin +of this proverb, so similar to that put by Sir Walter Scott in the mouths +of two of his homely characters; the one English and the other Scotch. An +answer will very much oblige + +G. M. T. + +Edinburgh. + +_Antiquity of Fire-irons._--In an old book, published 1660, I met with the +following couplet: + + "The burnt child dreads the fire; if this be true, + Who first invented tongs its fury knew." + +Query, When were fire-irons first used? + +ALIQUIS. + +_General Wolfe at Nantwich._--I observe in the pamphlet entitled +_Historical Facts connected with Nantwich and its Neighbourhood_, lately +referred to in "N. & Q.," it is stated that according to local tradition +General Wolfe, the hero of Quebec, may in his boyhood have lived in the Yew +Tree House, near Stoke Hall. Now as this brave warrior was a native of +Kent, it is scarcely probable he would have been a visitor at the house +alluded to, unless he had relatives who resided there. Is he known to have +had any family connexion in that quarter, since the fact of his having had +such, if established, would tend to confirm the traditionary statement +respecting his domicile at the Yew Tree House? + +T. P. L. + +Manchester. + +_"Corporations have no Souls," &c._--It was once remarked that public +corporations, companies, &c. do harsh things compared with what individuals +can venture to do, the fact being that they have neither noses to be pulled +nor souls to be saved; you have no hold upon them either in this world or +the next. + +B. + +_Leeming Family._--A member of the Society of Friends, named Thomas +Leeming, lived at or near Wighton in the Wolds, in the East Riding of +Yorkshire, between the years 1660 and 1670. What were the dates of his +birth and death? what were the names of his parents, his brothers, and his +children? did any of them leave their native country? and how would a +letter from the inquirer reach a descendant of the family, who could +furnish farther information on the subject? An answer to the whole or part +of the above Queries will much oblige the undersigned. + +W. + +_MS. Poems and Songs._--In the third volume of MR. PAYNE COLLIER'S +invaluable _History Of English Dramatic Poetry_, p. 275., it is stated,-- + + "Mr. Thorpe, of Bedford Street, is in possession of a MS. full of songs + and poems, in the handwriting of a person of the name of Richard + Jackson, all copied prior to the year 1631, and including many + unpublished pieces by a variety of celebrated poets." + +Can any of the contributors to "N. & Q." oblige P. C. S. S. by informing +him where this MS. now exists, and whether the whole, or any portion of it, +has been published? + +P. C. S. S. + +_Bishop Watson._--In a lecture delivered by this bishop at Cambridge, he +gave the following quotation: + + "Scire ubi aliquid invenire posses, ea demum maxima pars eruditionis est." + +Will any of your readers inform me whence the passage is taken? + +G. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Herbert's "Memoirs of the Last Years of Charles I."_--Can any of your +correspondents inform me under what title and at what date Sir Thomas +Herbert's _Narrative of the Last Years of Charles I._ was published? I have +at present in my possession what appears to be the original MS., and am +desirous of comparing it with the printed copy. The MS. bears the title of +_Carolina Threnodia: a Plain and very Particular Narrative of what happened +in the Last Years of King Charles the First_, by Sir Thomas Herbert, an eye +and ear witness. Its opening pages contain a reference to other letters on +the same subject of an earlier date (May 1 and 13, 1678). Were these +letters ever published, under what title, and when? + +J. B. + +Prestwich. + + [This work has already been incidentally noticed in our Second Volume, + pp. 140. 220. and 476.; and in Vol. iii., p. 157. Two editions of + Herbert's Memoirs have been published; the first in 1702, and the + second in 1813. The edition of 1702 is the best, as it contains an + "Advertisement to the Reader," and several documents omitted in the + edition published by G. and W. Nicol of Pall Mall in 1813. The + following is the title to it:-- + + "Memoirs of the Two last Years of the Reign of that unparallel'd + Prince, of ever-blessed Memory, King Charles I. By Sir Tho. Herbert, + Major Huntington, {588} Col. Edw. Coke, and Mr. Hen. Firebrace. With + the Character of that Blessed Martyr, by the Reverend Mr. John Diodati, + Mr. Alexander Henderson, and the Author of the _Princely Pelican_. To + which is added, the Death-Bed Repentance of Mr. Lenthal, Speaker of the + Long Parliament; extracted out of a Letter written from Oxford, Sept. + 1662. London: printed for Robert Clavell, at the Peacock, at the + West-end of St. Paul's, 1702," + + The "Advertisement to the Reader" states that, "there having been of + late years several Memoirs printed and published relating to the life + and actions of the Royal Martyr, King Charles I., of ever-blessed + memory, it was judged a proper and seasonable time to publish Sir + Thomas Herbert's _Carolina Threnodia_, under the title of his + _Memoirs_, there being contained in this book the most material + passages of the two last years of the life of that excellent and + unparallel'd prince, which were carefully observ'd and related by the + author in a large answer of a letter wrote to him by Sir William + Dugdale. In the same book is printed Major Huntington's relation made + to Sir William of sundry particulars relating to the King; as also + Colonel Edw. Coke's and Mr. Henry Firebrace's narratives of several + memorable passages observed by them during their attendance on him at + Newport, in the Isle of Wight, anno '48. All these were copied from a + MS. of the Right Reverend the Bishop of Ely, lately deceased; and, as I + am credibly informed, a copy of the several originals is now to be seen + amongst the Dugdale MSS. in Oxford library. To these Memoirs are added + two or three small tracts, which give some account of the affairs of + those times, of the character of K. Charles I., and of his just claim + and title to his _Divine Meditations_. These having been printed anno + 1646, 48, 49, and very scarce and difficult to procure, were thought + fit to be reprinted for publick service. As to the letter which gives + an account of Mr. Lenthal's carriage and behaviour on his death-bed, it + was printed anno 1662, and the truth of it attested by the learned Dr. + Dickenson, now living in St. Martin's Lane.... This I thought fit to + advertise the reader of, by way of introduction, that he might be + satisfied of the genuineness of the respective pieces, and thereby be + encouraged to peruse them with confidence and assurance."] + +"_Liturgy of the Ancients._"--Who was the author of a thin 4to. book +entitled _The Liturgy of the Ancients represented, as near as may be, in +English Forms, &c._, "London, printed for the Authour, 1696." He added to +it "A Proposal of a compleat work of Charity." + +T. G. LOMAX. + +Lichfield. + + [Edward Stephens is the author of this Liturgy, who describes himself + as "late of Cherington, co. Gloucester, sometime barrister-at-law of + the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple, and since engaged, by a very + special Divine Providence, in the most sacred employment." He farther + informs us, that "when it pleased God to discharge him from the civil + service, his first business in public was a gentle and tacit admonition + of the neglect of the most solemn and peculiar Christian worship of God + in this nation; accompanied by such public acts in the very heart of + the chief city, as made it a most remarkable witness and testimony + against them who would not receive it, but rejected the counsel and + favour of God towards them." Stephens's Liturgy has been republished by + the Rev. Peter Hall, in his _Fragmenta Liturgica_, vol. ii., who thus + notices the author:--"Stephens was the leader of a class by no means + contemptible, though himself as odd a mixture of gravity and + scurrility, learning and trifling, pietism that could stoop to + anything, and liberalism that stuck at nothing, as English theology + affords." Some account of Edward Stephens will be found in Leslie's + _Letter concerning the New Separation_, 1719; and in _An Answer to a + Letter from the Rev. C. Leslie, concerning what he calls the New + Separation_, 1719. Stephens advocated the practice of daily communion.] + +"_Ancient hallowed Dee._"--What is the historical, traditional, or +legendary allusion in this epithet, bestowed by Milton on the river Dee? + +J. W. T. + +Dewsbury. + + [Dee's divinity was Druidical. From the same superstition, some rivers + in Wales are still held to have the gift or virtue of prophecy. + Giraldus Cambrensis, who wrote in 1188, is the first who mentions Dee's + sanctity from the popular traditions. In Spenser, this river is the + haunt of magicians: + + "Dee, which Britons long ygone + Did call DIVINE." + + And Browne, in his _Britannia's Pastorals_, book ii. § 5., says, + + "Never more let HOLY Dee, + Ore other rivers brave," &c. + + Much superstition was founded on the circumstance of its being the + ancient boundary between England and Wales; and Drayton, in his tenth + Song, having recited this part of its history, adds, that by changing + its fords it foretold good or evil, war or peace, dearth or plenty, to + either country. He then introduces the Dee, over which King Edgar had + been rowed by eight kings, relating to the story of Brutus. See more on + this subject in Warton's note to line 55. in Milton's _Lycidas_: + + "Now yet where Deva spreads her wizard stream." + +_Who was True Blue?_--In the churchyard of Little Brickhill, Bucks, is a +table monument bearing the following inscriptions: + + "Here lieth y^e body of _True Blue_, who departed this life January y^e + 17th, 1724-5, aged 57. Also y^e body of Eleanor, y^e wife of _True + Blue_, who departed this life January 21st, 1722-3, ageed (sic) 59." + +Who was "True Blue?" If it were not for his wife Eleanor, one would take +him to be some kin to "Eclipse" or "Highflyer." Lysons makes no mention of +such a person; nor, I am assured by a friend who has made the search for +me, does Lipscomb; although another friend referred me there under the +conviction that he was not only named, but that his history was given. The +kind {589} of tombstone is sufficient to show that he was a person of some +property, and yet he has not only no "Esq." affixed to his name, but it is +without the prefix "Mr." One can scarcely doubt that the name is not a real +one. Browns, Blacks, Whites, and Greens there are in abundance, but nobody +ever heard of a "Blue;" nor, so far as I know, did anybody ever christen +his child "True." Yet what could have been the incidents of a life that +required the fiction to be carried even to the grave? + +G. J. DE WILDE. + + [The foregoing monumental inscription is given in Lipscomb's _Bucks_, + vol. iv. p. 76., to which is subjoined the following note:--"The + singularity of this name has occasioned much curiosity; but no + information can be obtained besides that of _True Blue_ having been a + stranger, who settled here, and acquired some property, which after his + decease was disposed of. It has been conjectured that he lived here + under a feigned name. One Hercules True, about 1645, kept a house at + Windsor, to which deer-stealers were accustomed to resort; and he + uttered violent threats against a person, whose son, having been killed + in attempting to resist the deer-stealers in the Great Park, Thomas + Shemonds prosecuted the murderers, and True declared he would knock his + brains out, and is believed to have afterwards absconded."] + +_Charge of Plagiarism against Paley._--Has any reply been made to the +accusation against Paley, brought forward some years ago in _The Athenæum_? +It was stated (and apparently proved) that his _Natural Theology_ was +merely a translation of a Dutch work, the name of whose author has escaped +my recollection. I suppose the archdeacon would have defended this shameful +plagiarism on his favourite principle of expediency. It seems to me, +however, that it is high time that either the accusation be refuted, or the +culprit consigned to that contempt as a man which he deserved as a +moralist. + +FIAT JUSTITIA. + + [We have frequently had to complain of the loose manner in which + Queries are sometimes submitted to our readers for solution. Here is a + specimen. The communication above involves two other Queries, which + should have been settled before it had been forwarded to us, namely, 1. + In what volume of the _Athenæum_ is the accusation against Paley made? + and, 2. What is the title of the Dutch work supposed to be pirated? + After pulling down six volumes of the _Athenæum_, we discovered that + the charge against Paley appeared at p. 803. of the one for the year + 1848, and that the work said to be pirated was written by Dr. Bernard + Nieuwentyt of Holland, and published at Amsterdam about the year 1700. + It was translated into English, under the title of _The Religious + Philosopher_, 3 vols. 8vo., 1718-19. The charge against Paley has been + ably and satisfactorily discussed in the same volume of the _Athenæum_ + (see pp. 907. 933.), and at the present time we have neither "ample + room nor verge enough" to re-open the discussion in our pages.] + +_Weber's_ "_Cecilia._"--Can you inform me whether a work by Gottfried +Weber, entitled _Cecilia_, is to be had in English or in French? I find it +constantly referred to in the said Weber's work on the _Theory of Musical +Composition_, and in Müller's _Physiology_. + +For any information you can give me on the subject I shall feel much +indebted. + +PHILHARMONICUS. + +Dublin. + + [_Cæcilia_ is a musical art journal published in Germany, and is thus + noticed at page 12. of Warner's edition of Godfrey Weber's _Theory of + Musical Composition_:--"Since 1824 we have been laid under great + obligations to our distinguished mathematician and writer on acoustics, + Professor _W._ Weber, for most interesting developments on all these + points, which he has arranged into an article in the journal _Cæcilia_, + vol. xii., expressly for musicians and musical instrument + manufacturers."] + +_Andrew Johnson._--In the character of Samuel Johnson, as drawn by Murphy, +there is the remark, "Like his uncle Andrew in the ring at Smithfield, +Johnson, in a circle of disputants, was determined neither to be thrown or +conquered." Other allusions are made, in Boswell's _Life_, to this uncle +having "kept the ring," but I cannot find out who he could have been. There +was a noted bruiser, Tom Johnson; but certainly he was not the person in +question. I shall be glad if any of your readers can inform me who this +"Uncle Andrew" was, and what authority there is for believing that he was a +pugilistic champion of note. + +PUGILLUS. + + [In the _Variorum Boswell_, i. e. Croker's ed., 1847, p. 198., PUGILLUS + will find a note by the editor, stating that Dr. Johnson told Mrs. + Piozzi that his uncle Andrew "for a whole year kept the ring at + Smithfield, where they wrestled and boxed, and never was thrown or + conquered."] + +_MS. by Glover._--Can MR. BOLTON CORNEY, or MR. R. SIMS, inform me whether +the Lansdowne MS. 205. is in Glover's handwriting? + +H. M. + + [This volume (Lansdowne, 205.) contains twenty-six articles in + different hands. Art. 3. contains _pedigrees by Glover in his own + hand_. See MS. Harl. 807., and an autograph letter in MS. Cot., Titus + B. vii. fol. 14.] + +_Gurney's Short-hand._--Can any of your correspondents inform me if there +have been any alterations in this system of short-hand since 1802? Also, if +it be now much used? + +WM. O'SULLIVAN. + +Ballymenagh. + + [This well-known system of short-hand is certainly still in use,--in + fact, is that employed at the present time by the Gurneys, who are the + appointed short-hand writers to the Houses of Lords and Commons.] + +{590} + +_Spurious Don Quixote._--What English and French versions are there of the +spurious continuation of _Don Quixote_ by Avellaneda? + +V. T. STERNBERG. + + [A notice of the English translations is given in Lowndes's _Bib. + Man._, vol. i. p. 374., art. Cervantes. Consult also Ebert's _Bibl. + Dict._, vol. i. p. 299., for the French translations.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +PRONUNCIATION OF HEBREW NAMES AND WORDS IN THE BIBLE. + +(Vol. viii., p. 469.) + +Your correspondent does not, of course, inquire what is the proper Hebrew +pronunciation of the several _letters_, but rather what is the accented +syllable in each word. To pronounce in a manner nearly approaching to the +Hebrew might make the congregation stare, but would appear very pedantic to +a learned ear. The safest mode is to examine the Greek of the Septuagint, +or of the New Testament (if the reader does not understand Hebrew), and +observe the place of the acute accent. On that place, if it be on the +penultimate or antepenultimate, the accent should be laid in English. But +if the accent be on the last syllable, though it is strictly right to place +it there also in English, it is not worth while to do so, for fear of +making hearers talk about a strange sound, instead of attending to the +service. It will be safer to accent the penultimate in dissyllables, and +the antepenultimate in trisyllables, which in the Greek are acutitones; in +fact, to pronounce, as all clergymen used to pronounce, until a pedantic +and ignorant practice arose of lengthening, or rather accenting, every +syllable in the penultimate, which had or was supposed to have a long +quantity in Greek. Hence the comparatively new habit of pronouncing [Greek: +Sabaôth], [Greek: Zaboulôn], [Greek: sabachthani], [Greek: Akeldama], with +a strong accent on the penultima; whereas the old-fashioned way of +accenting the antepenultima makes no one stare, and is a much nearer +approach to the true pronunciation. There is a curious inconsistency in the +common way of reading, in English, [Greek: Samareia] and [Greek: +Kaisareia]. Samar[=i]a is decidedly a Greek word; but yet, in this word, it +is usual to accent the antepenultima. Cesar[)e]a is decidedly a Latin word +Græcised, and yet it is usual to read this with an accent on the penultima. +I never observed any of those who read Sabáoth, Zabúlon, and sabachtháni, +read either Samaría or Cesárea. The Greek accents on Hebrew words always +accord, as Hebraists know, with the tonic accent in that language. + +E. C. H. + +As a contribution to the desirable object of settling the pronunciation of +the words mentioned, the following representation of their pronunciation in +the originals is offered. The vowels are to be read as in Italian, the _th_ +as in English, and the _hh_ as _ch_ in German: + + Hebrew. Sabaoth = ts[)i]-v[=a]-['=o]th. + + Hebrew. [The] Moriah = [h[)a]m-]m['=o]-r[=i]-y['=a]h. + + Syriac. Aceldama = hh[)i]-k[')a]l-d[)i]-m['=a]. + + Syro-Chaldee. Eli Eli lamma sabachthani = [=e]-l['=i] [=e]l['=i] + l[)a]m-m['=a] s[)a]-b[')a]hh-t[)a]-n['=i], as in Matthew; or + [)e]-l['=o]-h[=i], as in Mark. + + Chaldee. Abednego = [)a]-véd n[)i]-g['=o]. + +The _conventional_ pronunciation given by Walker is perhaps best adapted to +English ears, which would be quite repulsed by an attempt to restore the +ancient pronunciation of such familiar words, for instance, as Jacob, +Isaac, Job, and Jeremiah. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + + * * * * * + +LORD HALIFAX AND CATHERINE BARTON. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 429. 543.) + +One has some doubt, in reading PROFESSOR DE MORGAN'S article on the above +subject, what inference is to be drawn from it. If it is to prove a private +marriage between Halifax and Mrs. Barton, on the strength of the date on +the watch at the Royal Society being falsified, it is a failure. I have +examined that watch since PROFESSOR DE MORGAN published his Note, and can +testify most decidedly that, if anything, the inscription is older than the +case, nor is there a vestige of anything like unfair alteration; and any +one accustomed to engraving would arrive at the same conclusion. The +outside case is beautifully chased in Louis Quatorze style: but the inner +case, on which the inscription is graven, has no need of such elaborate +work, nor is such work ever introduced on the inside of watches; they are +invariably smooth. + +And all that is noticeable in the present instance is, that the writing has +lost the sharpness of the graver by use, or returning it into its case; or +more probably the case has not been used at all, being cumbersome and set +aside as a curious work of art, which indeed it is. + +The date on the watch is 1708, and PROFESSOR DE MORGAN states that Mrs. +Barton was married in 1718; the watch therefore denies this; but when she +married Conduit ought, if possible, to be found out by register, which +might prove the watch date untrue; but the watch declares she was Mrs. +Conduit in 1708. She was then of course twenty-eight years of age: thus we +come to a {591} plainer conclusion that when she lived with Halifax, or +whatever other arrangement they made, a position which is said to have +occurred between 1700 and the time of Halifax's death in 1715, she was +really Mrs. Conduit, and not Catherine Barton. And thus we are brought to +think that if there is any private marriage in the case, it is between the +lady and Mr. Conduit; at all events she went back to her husband, if the +watch is true. + +As to an apology for Newton, I look upon it in a very different light: +first, I should say he had no clear right to interfere in the matter, as +the lady was married; and supposing he had, he could have done no more than +expostulate. He lived in a world of his own studies, and did not choose to +be interrupted by quarrels and scandals. And it is certainly a proper +addition to say, that the public morals of that age are not to be judged by +the present standard. All these account very well for Newton's silence on +the subject; but to settle the matter, some search might be made in the +registers of the parishes where they resided, in order that the subject may +be fully explained. + +WELD TAYLOR. + + * * * * * + +INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS. + +(Vol. viii. pp. 64. 153. 472.) + +In the famous _Rouen Missal_, called St. Guthlac's book, is the following +inscription in the handwriting of Robert, Bishop of London, and afterwards +Archbishop of Canterbury, who was formerly head of the monastery of +Jumièges, to which the book belonged, and where, in 1053, he died: + + "Quem si quis vi vel dolo seu quoquo modo isti loco subtraxerit, animæ + suæ propter quod fecerit detrimentum patiatur, atque de libro viventium + deleatur, et cum justis non scribatur." + +John Grollier had on all his books inscribed: + + "Portio mea, domine, sit in terra viventium;" + +and underneath: + + "Io. Grollierii et Amicorum." + +Henry de Rantzan wrote a decree for his library, of which here is the +fulminatory clause: + + "Libros partem ne aliquam abstulerit, + Extraxerit, clepserit, rapserit, + Concerpserit, corruperit, + Dolo malo, + Illico maledictus, + Perpetuo execrabilis, + Semper detestabilis, + Esto, maneto." + +See Dibdin's bibliographical works. + +J. S. + +Norwich. + +The two following are copied from the _originals_ written in the fly-leaf +of Brathwayte's _Panedone, or Health from Helicon_, pub. 1621, in my +possession: + + 1. + "Whose book I am if you would know, + In letters two I will you show: + The first is J, the most of might, + The next is M, in all men's sight; + Join these two letters discreetly, + And you will know my name thereby. + JAS. MORREY." + + 2. + "Philip Morrey is my name, + And with my pen I write the same; + Tho' had such pen been somewhat better, + I could have mended every letter." + +CESTRIENSIS. + +On the fly-leaf of _Theophila, or Love's Sacrifice_, a divine poem by +E. B., Esq., London, 1652, I find the following rare morsel: + + "MR. JAMES TINKER, + Rector of St. Andrews, Droitwich. + + "Father Tinker, when you are dead, + Great parts a long wir you are fled, + O that they wor conferred on mee, + Which would ad unto God's glory." + +The subject of the above laudation flourished in the early part of the last +century. + +In a Geneva Bible, date 1596: + + "Thomas Haud: his booke: + God giue him grace theare on to looke: + And if my pen it had bin better, + I would haue mend it euery letter. + 1693." + +R. C. WARDE. + +Kidderminster. + +_German Book Inscription._--You have not yet, I think, had a German +book-inscription: allow me to send you the following out of an old _Faust_, +bought last year at Antwerp: + + "Dieses Buch ist mir lieb, + Wer es stielt ist ein Dieb; + Mag er heissen Herr oder Knecht, + Hängen ist sein verdientes Recht." + +Underneath is the usual picture of the gallows-tree and its fruit. + +ISELDUNENSIS. + + * * * * * + +PRAYING TO THE WEST. + +(Vol. viii., p. 343. &c.) + +The setting sun and the darkness of evening has been immemorially connected +with death, just as the rising orb and the light of morning with life. In +Sophocles (_Oedipus Rex_, 179.), Pluto is called [Greek: hesperos theos]; +and the "Oxford translation" has the following note on the line: + + "In Lysia's Oration against Andocides is this passage: To expiate this + pollution (the mutilation of the {592} Hermæ), the priestesses and + priests _turning towards the setting sun, the dwelling of the infernal + gods_, devoted with curses the sacrilegious wretch, and shook their + purple robes, in the manner prescribed by that law, which has been + transmitted from the earliest times."--Mitford, _History of Greece_, + ch. xxii. + +Liddell and Scott consider [Greek: Erebos] (the nether gloom) to be derived +from [Greek: erephô], to cover; akin to [Greek: eremnos], and probably also +to Hebrew _erev_ or _ereb_, our _eve_-ning; and mention as analogous the +Egyptian Amenti, _Hades_, from _ement_, the west. (Wilkinson's _Egyptians_, +ii. 2. 74.) + +Turning to the East on solemn occasions is a practice more frequently +mentioned. There is an interesting note on the subject in the Translation +above quoted, at Oedipus Col., 477., + + "[Greek: choas cheasthai stanta pros prôtên heô]," + +and doubtless much more may be found in the commentators. The custom, as is +well known, found its way into the Christian Church. + + "The primitive Christians used to assemble on the steps of the basilica + of St. Peter, to see the first rays of the rising sun, and kneel, + curvatis cervicibus in honorem splendidi orbis. (S. Leo. Serm. VII. _De + Nativ._) The practice was prohibited, as savouring of, or leading to, + Gentilism. (Bernino, i. 45.)"--Southey's _Common-Place Book_, ii. 44. + + "The rule of Orientation, though prescribed in the Apostolic + Constitutions, never obtained in Italy, where the churches are turned + indiscriminately towards every quarter of the heaven."--_Quarterly + Review_, vol. lxxv. p. 382. + +In the Reformed Church in England the custom is _recognised_, as far as the +position of the material church goes. (See rubric at the beginning of the +Communion Service.) "The priest shall stand at the _north side_ of the +table;" but turning eastward at the Creeds has no sanction that I know of, +but usage. (Compare Wheatly _On the Common Prayer_, ch. ii. § 3., ch. iii. +§ 8.; and Williams, _The Cathedral_ ("Stanzas on the Cloisters"), +xxiv.-xxviii.) + +The _rationale_ of western paradise is given in the following extract, with +which I will conclude: + + "When the stream of mankind was flowing towards the West, it is no + wonder that the weak reflux of positive information from that quarter + should exhibit only the impulses of hope and superstition. Greece was + nearly on the western verge of the world, as it was known to Homer; and + it was natural for him to give wing to his imagination as he turned + towards the dim prospects beyond.... All early writers in Greece + believed in the existence of certain regions situated in the West + beyond the bounds of their actual knowledge, and, as it appears, of too + fugitive a nature ever to be fixed within the circle of authentic + geography. Homer describes at the extremity of the ocean the Elysian + plain, "where, under a serene sky, the favourites of Jove, exempt from + the common lot of mortals, enjoy eternal felicity." Hesiod, in like + manner, sets the Happy Isles, the abode of departed heroes, beyond the + deep ocean. The Hesperia of the Greeks continually fled before them as + their knowledge advanced, and they saw the terrestrial paradise still + disappearing in the West."--Cooley's _History of Maritime Discov_., + vol. i. p. 25., quoted in Anthon's _Horace_. + +A. A. D. + + * * * * * + +"GREEN EYES." + +(Vol. viii., p. 407.) + +In the edition of Longfellow's _Poetical Works_ published by Routledge, +1853, the note quoted by Mr. Temple ends thus: + + "Dante speaks of Beatrice's eyes as _emeralds_ (_Purgatorio_, xxxi. + 116.). Lami says, in his _Annotazioni_, 'Erano i suoi occhi d' un + turchino verdiccio, simile a quel del mare.'" + +More in favour of "green eyes" is to be found in one of Gifford's notes on +his translation of the thirteenth satire of _Juvenal_. The words in the +original are: + + "Cærula quis stupuit Germani lumina."--_Juv._ Sat. XIII. 164. + +And Gifford's note is as follows: + + "Ver. 223 ... and _eyes of sapphire blue_?]--The people of the south + seem to have regarded, as a phenomenon, those blue eyes, which with us + are so common, and, indeed so characteristic of beauty, as to form an + indispensable requisite of every Daphne of Grub Street. Tacitus, + however, from whom Juvenal perhaps borrowed the expression, adds an + epithet to _cærulean_, which makes the common interpretation doubtful. + 'The Germans,' he says (_De Mor. Ger._ 4.), 'have _truces et cærulei + oculi_, fierce, lively blue eyes.' With us, this colour is always + indicative of a soft, voluptuous languor. What, then, if we have + hitherto mistaken the sense, and, instead of blue, should have said + sea-green? This is not an uncommon colour, especially in the north. I + have seen many Norwegian seamen with eyes of this hue, which were + invariably quick, keen, and glancing. + + "Shakspeare, whom nothing escaped, has put an admirable description of + them into the mouth of Juliet's nurse: + + 'O he's a lovely man! An eagle, madam, + Hath not so _green_, so quick, so fair an eye, + As Paris hath.' + + "Steevens, who had some glimpse of the meaning of this word, refers to + an apposite passage in _The Two Noble Kinsmen_. It is in Æmilia's + address to Diana: + + ' . . . . . . Oh vouchsafe + With that thy rare _green eye_, which never yet + Beheld things maculate,' &c. + + "It is, indeed, not a little singular, that this expression should have + occasioned any difficulty to his commentators; since it occurs in most + of our old poets; {593} and Drummond of Hawthornden uses it + perpetually. One instance of it may be given: + + 'When Nature now had wonderfully wrought + All Auristella's parts, except her eyes: + To make those twins, two lamps in beauty's skies, + The counsel of the starry synod sought. + Mars and Apollo first did her advise, + To wrap in colours _black_ those comets bright, + That Love him so might soberly disguise, + And, unperceived, wound at every sight! + Chaste Phoeebe spake for purest _azure_ dyes; + But Jove and Venus _green_ about the light, + To frame, thought best, as bringing most delight, + That to pined hearts hope might for aye arise. + Nature, all said, a paradise of _green_ + Placed there, to make all love which have them seen.'" + Gifford's _Translation of Juvenal and Persius_, + 3rd edition, 1817. + +Gifford's quotation from _Romeo and Juliet_ (errors excepted) is to be +found in Act III. Sc. 5. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + "Isabelle était un peu plus âgée que Ferdinand. Elle était petite, mais + bien faite. Ses cheveux, au moins très blonds, _ses yeux verts et + pleins de feu_, son teint un peu olivâtre, ne l'empêchaient pas d'avoir + un visage imposant et agréable. (_Révolutions d'Espagne_, tom. iv. liv. + viii.; Mariana, _Hist. d'Espagne_, tom. ii. liv. xxv.; _Hist. de + Ferdinand et d'Isabelle_, par M. l'Abbé Mignot, &c.)"--Florian, + Gonzalve de Cordoue, _Précis Historique sur les Maures d'Espagne_, + quatrième époque, note _i_. + +E. J. M. + +Hastings. + + * * * * * + +THE MYRTLE BEE. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 173. 450.) + +Allow me to thank C. BROWN for the reply he has sent to my inquiries on +this subject. I shall certainly avail myself with pleasure of the +permission he has given me to communicate with him by letter; but before +doing so, I hope you will allow me to address him this note through the +medium of your pages. The existence of the Myrtle Bee as a distinct species +has been denied by ornithologists, and as I think the question is more +likely to be set at rest by public than by private correspondence, I trust +C. BROWN will not consider that I am presuming too much on his kindness if +I ask him to send me farther information on the following points: What was +the exact size of the bird in question which he had in his hand? What was +its size compared with the Golden-crested Wren? Was it generally known in +the neighbourhood he mentions, and by whom was it known? By the common +people as well as others? From what source did he originally obtain the +appellation "Myrtle Bee," as applied to this bird? It has been suggested to +me that the bird seen by C. Brown may have been the Dartford Warbler +(_Sylvia provincialis_, Gmel.), wings short, tail elongated (this, if the +Myrtle Bee is the Dartford Warbler, would account for its "miniature +pheasant-like appearance"); a bird which, as we are informed in Yarrell's +_Hist. of British Birds_, 1839, vol. i. p. 311. _et seq._, haunts and +builds among the furze on commons; flies with short jerks; is very shy; +conceals itself on the least alarm; and creeps about from bush to bush. +This description would suit the Myrtle Bee. Not so the colour, which is +chiefly greyish-black and brown; whereas the bird seen by your +correspondent was "dusky light blue." Nor again does the description of the +Dartford Warbler, "lighting for a moment on the very point of the sprigs" +of furze (vid. Yarrell _ut sup._), coincide with the account of the bird +seen by C. BROWN, who "never saw one sitting or light on a branch of the +myrtle, but invariably flying from the base of one plant to that of +another." In conclusion I would venture to ask whether your correspondent's +memory may not have been treacherous respecting the colour of a bird which +he has not seen for twenty-five years, and whether he has ever seen the +Dartford Warbler on Chobham or the adjacent commons? + +W. R. D. SALMON. + + * * * * * + +TIN. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 290. 344.). + +The first mention I remember of the place from whence tin came, is in +Herodotus (lib. iii. c. 115.). He there says: + + "But concerning the extreme parts of Europe towards the west, I am not + able to speak certainly. For I neither believe that a certain river is + called Eridanus by the barbarians, which flows into a northern sea, and + from which there is a report that the amber is wont to come, nor have I + known (any) islands, being Cassiterides ([Greek: kassiteridas eousas]), + from which the tin is wont to come to us. For, on the one hand, the + very name Eridanus proves that it is Hellenic and not Barbaric, but + formed by some poet; and on the other, I am not able, though paying + much attention to this matter, to hear of any one that has been an + eye-witness that a sea exists upon that side of Europe. But doubtless + both the tin and the amber are wont to come from the extreme part of + Europe." + +[Greek: Kassiteros], according to Damm, is so called because it is more +ready to melt than other metals, i. e. [Greek: kausiteros], from [Greek: +kaiô], to burn; this derivation agrees with that given by MR. CROSSLEY of +tin, "from the Celtic tin, to melt readily;" and it receives some support +from Hesiod (_D. G._ 861.), where he speaks of the earth burning and +melting as tin or as iron, which is the hardest of metals. + +But I own I doubt this derivation. First, {594} because it is quite clear +to my mind that Herodotus had no idea that it had a Greek derivation. He +assigns the Greek origin of the word Eridanus as a reason for disbelieving +the statement as to it; and had he known that Cassiteros had a like origin, +it cannot be doubted that he would have assigned the same reason as to it +likewise. Instead of which he resorts to the fact that he could not obtain +any authentic account of any sea on that side of Europe, as a proof that +the Cassiterides did not exist. In truth, his assertion as to the Greek +origin of the one, coupled with the reason that is added, seems almost, if +not quite, equivalent to a denial that the other had a Greek origin. +Secondly, it is in the highest degree improbable that these islands should +have received their name from the Greeks, as it is contrary to all +experience that a country should be named by persons ignorant of its +existence. The names of places are either given to them by those who +discover them, or the names by which they are called by their inhabitants +are adopted by others. + +At the time Cæsar invaded this island, there was a people whom he calls +Cassi (_Cæs. de B. G._, lib. v. 21.), of whose prince Camden says, "from +the Cassii their prince, Cassivellaunus or Cassibelinus, first took his +name;" and he adds that "it seems very probable that Cassivellaunus denotes +as much as the Prince of the Cassii." (_Camd. Brit._, p. 278., edit. 1695.) +According to which the word would be compounded of _Cassi_ and _vellaunus_ +or _belinus_; and this derivation is fortified by the word Cunobelinus, +which plainly is formed in a similar manner. Now there is a Celtic word, +_tir_ or _ter_ (from which _terra_ is derived), and the Welsh word _tir_ +(which I have heard pronounced _teer_), all denoting land. If then this +word be added to Cassi, we have Cassiter, that is, the land of the Cassi, +Cassiland. And as we have England, Scotland, and Ireland, possibly the +ancient inhabitants may have called their country Cassiter; and as +_chalybs_, steel, was so called both by the Greeks and Romans from the +people that made it, so might tin be from the country where it was found. +My derivation is conjectural, no doubt, and as such I submit it with great +deference to the candid consideration of your readers. + +Isaiah, who lived B.C. 758, mentions tin in i. 25. + +Ezekiel, who lived B.C. 598, mentions tin xxii. 18. 20.; and xxvii. 12., +speaking of Tyre, he says: + + "Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kinds of + riches; with silver, iron, _tin_, and lead, they traded in thy fairs." + +This passage clearly shows that, at the time spoken of by Ezekiel, the +trade in tin was carried on by the inhabitants of Tarshish, whether that +place designates Carthage, or Tartessus in Spain, or not; and there can be +little doubt that they brought the tin from England; and the addition of +silver, iron, and lead, tends to strengthen this opinion. + +Herodotus recited his History at the Olympic Games, B.C. 445; and probably +the same people traded in tin in his time as in the time of Ezekiel. + +The Hebrew word for tin is derived from a verb meaning "to separate," and +seems to throw no light on the subject. + +S. G. C. + + * * * * * + +MILTON'S WIDOW. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 452. 544. &c.) + +Your correspondents MR. MARSH and MR. HUGHES are entitled to an apology +from me for having so long delayed noticing their comments on my +communication on the above subject in Vol. viii, p. 134., which comments +have failed in convincing me that I have fallen into the error they +attribute to me, because it is manifest Richard Minshull of Chester, son of +Richard of Wistaston, the writer of the letter of May 3rd, 1656, set forth +in the Rev. Mr. Hunter's _Milton Pamphlet_, pp. 37. and 38., could only +have been _fifteen_ years old when that letter was written, he having, as +MR. HUGHES states, been born in 1641, so that he must have been only three +years the junior of his supposed niece, Mrs. Milton, then Miss Minshull, +born in 1638, according to MR. MARSH'S account of her baptism; and +furthermore he, Richard, son of the writer of the said letter, must be +fairly presumed to have been married at the date of such letter, which he +(the Father) thus commences: "My love and best respects to you and my +daughter [meaning no doubt his daughter-in-law], tendered with trust of +your health." Very unlikely language for a parent to address to his son, a +boy of _fifteen_, on so important a subject as a family pedigree. If this +youthful Richard Minshull really was Mrs. Milton's uncle, his brother +Randle Minshull, her father, must have been very many years older than him, +which was not very probable. + +I noticed in a recent Number of your pages, with great satisfaction, a +communication from CRANMER, who has avowed himself to be your correspondent +MR. ARTHUR PAGET, for which, in common with MR. HUGHES and others, I feel +very thankful to him, notwithstanding it falls short of connecting Mrs. +Milton with Richard Minshull of Wistaston, the Holme correspondent of 1656. + +That historians have been much misled in assuming that Mrs. Milton was a +daughter of Sir Edward Minshull of Stoke, cannot, I think, be questioned; +although it may be very fairly asked whether there were not other +respectable Minshull families living in the neighbourhood of Wistaston, of +which Mrs. Milton might have been a member, and yet allied to the Paget and +Goldsmith families. + +GARLICHITHE. + +{595} + +MR. HUGHES is quite right, both in his facts, so far as they go, and in the +inference he draws from them in confirmation of the now well ascertained +identity of Milton's widow with the daughter of Randle Mynshull of +Wistaston. His observations derive additional force from the fact, that two +generations of Minshull of Wistaston married ladies of the name of +Goldsmith. Thomas Minshull, the great-grandfather of Milton's widow, +married ---- Goldsmith of Nantwich, as his son Richard informed Randal +Holmes, in a letter among the Harl. MSS., noticed by MR. HUNTER, and as +pointed out by MR. HUGHES; but the writer of that letter also married a +lady of the same name, Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Goldsmith, of +Bosworth, in the county of Leicester. The fact is worth noticing, though no +very accurate estimate can be formed of the precise degree of relationship +to be inferred from the title of "cousin" a couple of centuries ago. My +authority is the Cheshire visitation of 1663-4. Several other MS. pedigrees +are in existence; in some of which the lady's name is stated as Ellen, +instead of Elizabeth, and her father's as Richard instead of Nicholas. +Thomas Minshull of Manchester, the uncle of Milton's widow, deserves +perhaps a passing word of notice, as having embalmed the mortal remains of +Humphrey Chetham. + +J. F. M. + +Warrington. + +Our elegant poet Fenton, having written a _Life of Milton_, and no doubt +often visited his place of nativity (Shelton, in the Staffordshire +Potteries), he surely must have known _something_ respecting _Milton's_ +third wife's family, who lived only a few miles from thence; and if the +Fenton papers have, as is probable, been preserved by his family, some of +whom I am informed still live in the neighbourhood of Shelton, it is not +unlikely they will throw some light on the family of the poet's widow. + +NEWINGTON. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS CHAINED TO DESKS IN CHURCHES--OLD PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES. + +(Vol. viii., p. 93.) + +On a recent visit to Aberystwith, I walked to the mother church of +Llanbadarn, a fine old building, which I was glad to find, since a former +visit, was undergoing important repairs in its exterior. While inspecting +the interior, I requested the clerk to show me into the vestry, and upon +inquiring if the church possessed any black-letter Bible, Foxe's _Martyrs_, +or any of those volumes which at the Reformation were chained to the desks +or pews, he opened a case in the vestry, in which I was sorry to observe +many volumes, not of that early date, but about a century and a half old, +yet valuable in their day as well as at present, in a sad dilapidated +state, arising from the dampness of the room, which is without a +fire-place. Many of the volumes were the gift of a Doctor Fowle, with his +autograph, stating that they were given as a lending library to the +parishioners. + +The present incumbent is the Rev. ---- Hughes, a very excellent and zealous +pastor, with the modern church in Aberystwith annexed, who should this +narrative meet his eye, or be communicated to him, might be induced to make +inquiries into the losses which had taken place, and prevent farther +dilapidations and decay, in what was no doubt, once considered a valuable +acquisition to the inhabitants of the parish. + +Permit me to add, that in a room over the entrance porch of that venerable +Saxon church St. Peter in the East, at Oxford, there is a large lending +library for the use of the parishioners, largely contributed to by several +of its recent and present zealous incumbent, and to which church so much +has lately been done to remove former eye-sores, and to render it one of +the most chastely decorated and best attended parish churches in the +University. + +J. M. G. + +Worcester. + +In an old MS. headed + + "Articles, Conditions, and Covenants, upon which the Provost and other + officers of King's College in Cambridge have admitted Michael Mills, + Schollar of the said College, to be Keeper of the Publick Library of + the said College." + +the seventh and last article is-- + + "For the rendering his business about the library more easy, each + person that makes use of any book or books in the said library, is + required to sett 'em up again decently, without entangling the chains; + by which is signified to all concerned that no person whatsoever, upon + any pretence, is permitted to carry any book out of the library to + their chambers, or any otherwise to be used as a private book, it being + against the statutes of our college in y^t case provided." + +Under "Orders for regulating the publick library of King's College," Order +IV.: + + "All the fellows and scholars, and all other persons allowed the use of + the library, shall carefully set up those they use in their proper + place, without entangling the chains." + +Michael Mills got King's in 1683. + +T. H. L. + +In the church of Wiggenhall, St. Mary the Virgin, the following books may +be seen fastened by chains to a wooden desk in the chancel: Foxe's _Book of +Martyrs_, in three volumes, chained to the same staple; the Book of +Homilies; the Bible, with calendar in rubrics; and the works of Bishop +Jewell, in one volume. The title-page is lost from all the above: in other +respects they are in a fair state of preservation, considering their {596} +antiquity, of which their characters being old English, is a sufficient +proof. + +W. B. D. + +At a _soirée_ recently held at Crosby Hall, there were exhibited by the +churchwardens of St. Benet's, Gracechurch Street, Erasmus' _Commentary on +the Gospels_ in English, with the chains annexed, by which they were +fastened in the church. There are two volumes, in good preservation, and +black letter. + +In Minster Church, near Margate, Kent, there is an oak cover to a Bible +chained to a desk, temp. Henry VIII. The whole of the letter-press has been +taken away (by small pieces at a time) by visitors to this beautiful Norman +church. + +J. W. BROWN. + +At Bromsgrove Church, Worcestershire, a copy of Bishop Jewel's Sermon on 1 +Cor. ix. 16. (1609) is chained to a small lectern. + +At Suckley Church, also in Worcestershire, there is a black-letter copy of +the Homilies, 1578. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +There is a copy of Foxe's _Monuments_ so chained in the chancel of Luton +Church, Bedfordshire. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + + * * * * * + +THE COURT-HOUSE. + +(Vol. viii., p. 493.) + +This place is not "an old out-of-the-way place," as described to F. M., but +stands in a paddock adjoining the churchyard, in the town of "Painswick, in +Gloucestershire." It is a respectable old stone-built house in the +Elizabethan style; and stands on an eminence commanding a view of one of +the pleasant valleys which abound in this parish. I do not know of, and do +not believe that there is, any "full description of it." Neither of the +county histories, of Atkyns (1712), Rudder (1779), Rudge (1803), or +Fosbrook (1807), mentions the court-house, though probably it is referred +to by Atkyns as "a handsome pleasant house adjoining the town, [then] +lately the seat of Mr. Wm. Rogers." + +If either Charles I. or II. slept there, it was doubtless King Charles I., +on the night of the 5th of September, 1643, on which day he raised the +siege of Gloucester, and + + "Thousands of the royalist army marched in the rain up Painswick hill, + on the summit of which they encamped in the ancient entrenchment of the + part called Spoonbed hill. On this hill, tradition says, as Charles was + sitting on a stone near the camp, one of the princes, weary of their + present life, asked him 'When should they go home?' 'I have no home to + go to,' replied the disconsolate king. He went on to Painswick, and + passed the night there."--_Bibliotheca Gloucestriensis_ (Webb), + Introduction, p. 68., referring to Rudder (p. 592.) for the tradition + as to the colloquy. + +The lodge, an old wooden house, in this parish more properly deserves the +character of an "old out-of-the-way house." I remember it many years ago, +when it contained a court, in which were galleries approached by stairs, +and leading to the sleeping-rooms of the mansion; such as were formerly in +the court-yard of the Bull and Mouth Inn, London, and are now in the yard +of the New Inn, Gloucester. + +P. H. FISHER. + +Stroud. + + * * * * * + +ON THE SIMPLICITY OF THE CALOTYPE PROCESS, BY DR. DIAMOND. + +(Read before the Photographic Society, Nov. 3, 1853.) + +I feel that some few words are required to explain to the Society the +reasons which have induced me to call their attention to a branch of +photography, which of all others has been dwelt upon most fully, and +practised with such success by so many eminent photographers. + +The flourishing state of this Society, which is constantly receiving an +accession of new Members, indicates the great number that have lately +commenced the practice of photography, and to those I hope my observations +will not prove unacceptable, because of all others the calotype process is +undoubtedly the simplest, and the most useful; not only from that +simplicity, but from its being available when other modes could not be +used.[2] + +I am also induced to urge on the attention of the Society the advantages of +this, one of the earliest processes, because I think that there has been +lately such an eager desire for something new, that we all have more or +less run away from a steady wish to improve if possible the original +details of Mr. Fox Talbot; and have been tempted to practise new modes, +entailing much more care and trouble, without attaining a correspondingly +favourable result. + +Amongst antiquaries I have long noticed, that many who have especially +studied one particular {597} branch of archæology, think and speak +slightingly of those departments in which they are not much interested. One +fond of research in the early tumuli is esteemed to be a mere "pot and pan +antiquary" by one who, in his turn, is thought to waste his time on +"mediæval trash;" and this feeling pervades its many sections. + +I hope I shall not give offence in saying, that amongst photographers I +have noticed somewhat of a similar spirit, namely, an inclination to value +and praise a production, from the particular mode of operation adopted, +rather than from its intrinsic merits. The collodion, the waxed paper, or +the simple paper processes have merits pertaining to themselves alone; and +those who admire each of these several processes are too apt to be +prejudiced in favour of the works produced by them. + +Before proceeding farther, permit me to observe, that if some of my remarks +appear _too_ elementary, and _too_ well known by many assembled here, my +reason for making them is, that I have myself experienced the want of +_plain simple rules_, notwithstanding the many able treatises upon the +subject which have already been written: I hope, therefore, I shall receive +their pardon for entering fully into detail, because a want of success may +depend upon what may appear most trivial. + +I think the greatest number of failures result from not having good iodized +paper; which may be caused by + + 1. The quality of the paper; + 2. The mode of preparing it; + 3. The want of proper _definite_ proportions for a particular make of + paper; + +because I find very different results ensue unless these things are +relatively considered. + +I have not met with satisfactory results in iodizing the French and German +papers, and the thick papers of some of our English makers are quite +useless. + +Turner's paper, of the "Chafford Mills" make, is greatly to be preferred, +and therefore I will presume that to be used, and of a medium thickness. +The great fault of Turner's paper consists in the frequent occurrence of +spots, depending upon minute portions of brass coming from the machinery, +or from the rims of buttons left in the rags when being reduced to pulp, +and thus a single button chopped up will contaminate a large portion of +paper; occasionally these particles are so large that they reduce the +silver solutions to the metallic state, which is formed on the paper; at +other times they are so minute as to simply decompose the solution, and +white spots are left, much injuring the effect of the picture. + +Whatman's paper is much more free from blemishes, but it is not so fine and +compact in its texture; the skies in particular exhibiting a minutely +speckled appearance, and the whole picture admitting of much less +definition.[3] + +All papers are much improved by age; probably in consequence of a change +which the size undergoes by time. It is therefore advisable that the +photographer, when he meets with a desirable paper, should lay in a store +for use beyond his immediate wants. + +It may not be inappropriate to mention here, in reference to the minuteness +attainable by paper negatives, that a railway notice of six lines is +perfectly legible, and even the erasure for a new secretary's name is +discernible in the accompanying specimen, which was obtained with one of +Ross's landscape lenses, without any stop whatever being used, and after an +exposure of five minutes _during a heavy rain_. The sky is scarcely so +dense as could be desired, which will be fully accounted for by the dull +state of the atmosphere during the exposure in the camera. + +Having selected your paper as free from blemishes as possible, which is +most readily ascertained by holding it up to the light (as the rejected +sheets do perfectly well for positives, it is well to reject _all_ those +upon which _any_ doubt exists), mark the smoothest surface;--the touch will +always indicate this, but it is well at all times not to handle the +surfaces of papers more than can be avoided. There is much difference in +various individuals in this respect; some will leave a mark upon the +slightest touch, whereas others may rub the paper about with perfect +impunity. + +I prefer paper iodized by the single process; because, independently of the +case and economy of time, I think more rapidity of action is attained by +paper so treated, as well as that greater intensity of the blacks, so +requisite for producing a clear picture in after printing. + +To do this, take sixty grains of nitrate of silver and sixty grains of +iodide of potassium, dissolve each separately in an ounce of distilled +water, mix and stir briskly with a glass rod so as to ensure their +_perfect_ mixture; the precipitated iodide of silver will fall to the +bottom of the vessel; pour off the fluid, wash once with a little distilled +water, then pour upon it four ounces of distilled water, and add 650 grains +of iodide of potassium, which _should_ perfectly redissolve the silver and +form a clear fluid. Should it not (for chemicals differ occasionally in +their purity), then a little more should be very cautiously added until the +fluid is perfectly clear. + +The marked side of the paper should then be carefully laid upon the surface +of this fluid in a proper porcelain or glass dish. Then immediately {598} +remove it, lay it upon its dry side upon a piece of blotting-paper, and +stroke it over once or twice with a glass rod; this as effectually expels +all the particles of air as complete immersion; it is also more economical, +and has the advantage of requiring much less time in the after-immersion in +the hypo. when it is required to remove the iodide. Either pin the paper +up, or lay it down upon its dry side, and when it becomes tolerably dry +(perfect dryness is not requisite), immerse it in common cold water for the +space of four hours, changing the water during that time three or four +times, so that all the soluble salts may be removed; often move the papers, +so that when several sheets are together, one does not press so much upon +another that the water does not equally arrive at all the surface. + +If this paper is well made, it is of a pale straw colour, or rather +primrose, and perfectly free from unevenness of tint. It will keep good for +several years; if, however, the soluble salts have not been _entirely_ +removed, it attracts damp, and becomes brown and useless or uncertain in +its application. + +Some of our oldest and most successful operators still adhere to and prefer +the iodized paper prepared by the double process, which certainly effects a +saving in the use of the iodide of potassium. The following is the easiest +way of so preparing it:--Having floated your marked surface of the paper on +a 30-grain solution of nitrate of silver, and dried it[4], immerse it for +20 minutes in a solution of iodide of potassium of 20 grains to the ounce, +when it immediately assumes the desired colour. It is then requisite, +however, that it should undergo the same washing in pure water as the paper +prepared by the single process. + +Upon the goodness of your iodized paper of course depends your future +success. Although it is not requisite to prepare it by candle-light (which +in fact is objectionable from your inability to see if the yellow tint is +equally produced), I think it should not be exposed to too strong a light; +and as the fly-fisher in the dull winter months prepares his flies ready +for the approaching spring, so may the photographer in the dull weather +which now prevails, with much advantage prepare his stock of iodized paper +ready for the approach of fine weather.[5] + +Many other ways of iodizing paper have been recommended which have proved +successful in different hands. Dr. Mansell, of Guernsey, pours the iodide +solution upon his paper, which previously has had all its edges turned up +so as to resemble a dish; he rapidly pours it off again after it has +completely covered the paper, and then washes it in three waters for only +ten minutes in all: he considers that thereby none of the size of the paper +is removed, and a more favourable action is obtained. In the experiments I +have tried with the use of the air-pump, as recommended by Mr. Stewart, I +have met with much trouble and little success; and I am inclined to +attribute the very beautiful specimens which he has produced to his own +good manipulation under a favourable climate.[6] + +To excite the paper take 10 drops (minims) of solution of aceto-nitrate of +silver, and 10 drops of saturated solution of gallic acid, mixed with 3 +drachms of distilled water. + +The aceto-nitrate solution consists of-- + + Nitrate of silver 30 grains. + Glacial acetic acid 1 drachm. + Distilled water[7] 1 ounce. + +If the weather is warm, 6 drops of gallic acid to the 10 of aceto-nitrate +will suffice, and enable the prepared excited paper to be kept longer. + +This exciting fluid may be applied either directly {599} by means of the +glass rod, or by floating, as before, and then the glass rod. But if +floating is resorted to, then a larger quantity must be prepared. As soon +as it is applied the paper should be blotted off by means of blotting-paper +(which should never be used more than once in this way, although preserved +for other purposes), and put into the dark frames for use.[8] It is not +requisite that the paper should be perfectly dry. This exciting should be +conducted by a very feeble light; the paper is much more sensitive than is +generally supposed; in fact, it is then in a state to print from by the aid +of gas or the light of a common lamp, and very agreeable positives are so +produced by this negative mode of printing. + +I would advise the aceto-nitrate of silver and the solution of gallic acid +to be kept in two bottles with wooden cases differing in their shape, so +that they may not be mistaken when operating, in comparative darkness. A ¼ +of an ounce of gallic acid put into such a 3-ounce bottle, and _quite_ +filled up with distilled water as often as any is used, will serve a very +long time. + +I would also recommend that the paper should be excited upon the morning of +the day upon which it is intended to be used; no doubt the longer it is +kept, the less active and less certain it becomes. I have, however, used it +successfully eight days after excitement, and have a good negative produced +at that length of time. The general medium time of exposure required is +five minutes. In the negatives exhibited, the time has varied from three +minutes to eight, the latter being when the day was very dull. + +The pictures should be developed by equal quantities of the aceto-nitrate +of silver and the saturated solution of gallic acid, which are to be mixed +and immediately applied to the exposed surface. This may be done several +hours after the pictures have been removed from the camera. Care should be +taken that the back of the picture does not become wetted, as this is apt +to produce a stain which may spoil the printing of the positive. + +If upon the removal of the paper from the dark frame, the picture is very +apparent, by first applying little gallic acid, and immediately afterwards +the _mixed_ solutions, less likelihood is incurred of staining the +negative, which will be more evenly and intensely developed. If a browning +take place, a few drops of strong acetic acid will generally check it. + +Should the picture be very tardy, either from an insufficient exposure, +want of light, or other cause, a few drops of a solution of pyrogallic +acid, made with 3 grains to the ounce of water, and a drachm of acetic +acid, will act very beneficially. It sometimes gives an unpleasant redness +upon the surface, but produces great intensity upon looking through it. +Until the pyrogallic solution was added, there was scarcely anything +visible upon the specimen exhibited, the failure having in the _first_ +instance happened from the badness of the iodized paper. + +As soon as the picture is sufficiently developed it should be placed in +water, which should be changed once or twice; after soaking for a short +time, say half an hour, it may be pinned up and dried, or it may at once be +placed in a solution almost saturated, or quite so, of hyposulphite of +soda, remaining there no longer than is needful for the entire removal of +the iodide, which is known by the disappearance of the yellow colour. + +When travelling it is often desirable to avoid using the hyposulphite, for +many reasons (besides that of getting rid of extra chemicals), and it may +be relied on that negatives will keep even under exposure to light for a +very long time. I have kept some for several weeks, and I believe Mr. +Rosling has kept them for some months. + +The hyposulphite, lastly, should be effectually removed from the negative +by soaking in water, which should be frequently changed. + +Some prefer to use the hypo, quite hot, or even boiling, as thereby the +size of the paper is removed, allowing of its being afterwards readily +waxed.[9] I have always found that pouring a little boiling water upon the +paper effectually accomplishes the object; some negatives will readily wax +even when the size is not removed. A box iron very hot is best for the +purpose; but the most important thing to attend to is that the paper should +be perfectly dry, and it should therefore be passed between blotting-paper +and well ironed before the wax is applied. Negatives will even attract +moisture from the atmosphere, and therefore this process should at all +times be resorted to immediately before the application of the wax. + +Some photographers prefer, instead of using wax, to apply a solution of +Canada balsam in spirits of turpentine. This certainly adds much to the +transparency of the negative; and, in some instances, may be very +desirable. Even in so simple a thing as white wax, there is much {600} +variety; some forming little flocculent appearances on the paper, which is +not the case with other samples. Probably it may be adulterated with +stearine, and other substances producing this difference. + +Before concluding these remarks, I would draw attention to the great +convenience of the use of a bag of yellow calico, made so large as to +entirely cover the head and shoulders, and confined round the waist by +means of a stout elastic band. It was first, I believe, used by Dr. +Mansell. In a recent excursion, I have, with the greatest ease, been +enabled to change all my papers without any detriment whatever, and thereby +dispensed with the weight of more than a single paper-holder. The bag is no +inconvenience, and answers perfectly well, at any residence you may chance +upon, to obstruct the light of the window, if not protected with shutters. + +I would also beg to mention that a certain portion of the bromide of silver +introduced into the iodized paper seems much to accelerate its power of +receiving the green colour, as it undoubtedly does in the collodion. +Although it does not accelerate its _general_ action, it is decidedly a +great advantage for foliage. Its best proportions I have not been able +accurately to determine; but I believe if the following quantity is added +to the portion of solution of iodide of silver above recommended to be +made, that it will approach very near to that which will prove to be the +most desirable. Dissolve separately thirty grains of bromide of potassium, +and 42 grains of nitrate of silver, in separate half-ounces of distilled +water; mix, stir well, and wash the precipitate; pour upon it, in a glass +measure, distilled water up to one ounce; then, upon the addition of 245 +grains of iodide of potassium, a clear solution will be obtained; should it +not, a few more grains of the iodide of potassium will effect it. It may be +well to add that I believe neither of the solutions is injured by keeping, +especially if preserved in the dark. + +I would here offer a caution against too great reliance being placed upon +the use of gutta-percha vessels when travelling, as during the past summer +I had a bottle containing distilled water which came into pieces; and I +have now a new gutta-percha tray which has separated from its sides. This +may appear trivial, but when away from home the greatest inconvenience +results from these things, which may be easily avoided.[10] + +Dishes of zinc painted or japanned on the interior surface answer better +than gutta-percha, and one inverted within another forms, when travelling, +an admirable lid-box for the protection of glass bottles, rods, &c. On the +Continent wooden dishes coated with shellac varnish are almost entirely +used. + +[Footnote 2: In a communication I formerly addressed to my friend the +Editor of "N. & Q.," one of the arguments I used in favour of the collodion +process was, that the operator was enabled at once to know the results of +his attempts; and was not left in suspense concerning the probable success, +as with a paper picture requiring an after development. + +I made that observation not only from the partial success which had then +attended my own manipulations, but from the degree of success which was +attained by the majority of my photographic friends. But that objection is +now almost entirely removed by the comparative certainty to which the paper +process is reduced.] + +[Footnote 3: The effect was illustrated in two negatives of the same +subject, taken at the same time, exhibited to the meeting, and which may +now be seen at Mr. Bell's by those who take an interest in the subject.] + +[Footnote 4: For this purpose, strips of wood from 1 inch to 1½ square will +be found much more convenient to pin the paper to than the tape or string +usually recommended. The pressure of a corner of the paper to the wood will +render it almost sufficiently adherent without the pin, and do away with +the vexation of corners tearing off.] + +[Footnote 5: Some difference of opinion seemed to exist at the reading of +the paper, as to the propriety of preparing iodized paper long before it +was required for use, and I have since received some letters from very able +photographers who have attributed an occasional want of success to this +cause. I have, however, never myself seen good iodized paper deteriorated +by age. Many friends tell me they have used it when several years old; and +I can confirm this by a remarkable instance. On Tuesday (Dec. 6) I was +successful in obtaining a perfectly good negative in the usual time from +some paper kindly presented to me by Mr. Mackinly, and which has been in +his possession since the year 1844. I should add, the paper bears the mark +of "J. Whatman, 1842," and has all the characters of Turner's best +photographic paper. It appears to be a make of Whatman's paper which I have +not hitherto seen, and, from its date, was evidently not made for +photographic purposes.] + +[Footnote 6: The paper may be iodized by pouring over it 30 minims of the +iodizing solution, and then smoothing it over with the glass rod. Care must +however be taken not to wet the back of the paper, as an unevenness of +depth in the negative would probably be the result.] + +[Footnote 7: Much more attention should be paid to the purity of the +distilled water than is generally supposed. In the many processes in which +distilled water is used, there is none in which attention to this is so +much required as the calotype process. I mention this from having lately +had some otherwise fine negatives spoiled by being covered with spots, +emanating entirely from impurities in distilled water purchased by me +during a late excursion into the country.] + +[Footnote 8: It is very requisite that the glasses of the frames should be +thoroughly cleansed before the excited papers are put into them. Although +not perceptible to the eye, there is often left on the glass (if this +precaution is not used) a decomposing influence which afterwards shows +itself by stains upon the negative.] + +[Footnote 9: If boiling water is carefully poured in the negative in a +porcelain dish, it will frequently remove a great deal of colouring matter, +thereby rendering the negative still more translucent. It is astonishing +how much colouring matter a negative so treated will give out, even when to +the eye it appears so clean as not to require it.] + +[Footnote 10: MR. SHADBOLT suggested a remedy for the disasters referred to +by DR. DIAMOND with regard to the gutta-percha vessels. Gutta-percha is +perfectly soluble in chloroform. MR. SHADBOLT therefore showed that if the +operator carries a small bottle of chloroform with him, he would be able to +mend the gutta-percha at any moment in a few seconds. It was not necessary +that the bottle should hold above half an ounce of chloroform.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Belike_ (Vol. viii., p. 358.).--The reasoning by which H. C. K. supports +his conjecture that "belike" in _Macbeth_ is formed immediately by +prefixing _be_ to a supposed verb, _like_, to lie, is ingenious, but far +from satisfactory. In the first place, we never used _to like_ in the sense +of _to lie_, the nearest approach to it is _to lig_. And in the next place, +the verb to _like_, to please, to feel or cause pleasure, to approve or +regard with approbation, as a consequential usage (agreeably to the Dutch +form of Liicken (Kilian), to _assimilate_), is common from our earliest +writers. Instances from Robert of Gloucester, Chaucer, and North, with +instances also of _mislike_, to displease, may be found in Richardson and +others in Todd's _Johnson_. + +Now, when we have a word well established in various usage (as _like_, +similis), from which other usages may be easily deduced, why not adopt that +word as the immediate source, rather than seek for a new one? That _like_, +now written _ly_, is from _lic_, a corpse, _i.e._ an essence, has, I +believe, the merit of originality; so too, his notion that _corpse_ is an +_essence_, and the more, as emanating from a rectory, which probably is not +far removed frown a churchyard. + +H. C. K., it is very _likely_, is right in his conception that all his +three _likes_ "have had originally one and the same source;" but he does +not appear inclined to rest contented with the very sufficient one in our +parent language, suggested by Richardson (in his 8vo. dictionary), the +Gothic _lag-yan_; A.-S. _lec-gan_, or _lic-gan_, to lay or lie. + +I should interpret _belike_ (for so I should write it with H. C. K.) by +"approve." + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_Stage-coaches_ (Vol. viii., p. 439.).--The following Note may perhaps +prove acceptable to G. E. F. The article from which it was taken contained, +if I remember rightly, much more information upon the same subject: + + "The stage-coach 'Wonder,' from London to Shrewsbury, and the + 'Hirondelle' belonged to Taylor of Shrewsbury. The 'Hirondelle' did 120 + miles in 8 hours and 20 minutes. One day a team of four greys did 9 + miles in 35 minutes. The 'Wonder' left {601} Lion Yard, Shrewsbury, one + morning at 6 o'clock, and was at Islington at 7 o'clock the same + evening, being only 13 hours on the road."--_The Times_, July 11, 1842. + +W. R. D. S. + +_Birthplace of King Edward V._ (Vol. viii., p. 468.).-- + + "1471. In this year, the third day of November, Queen Elizabeth, being, + as before is said, in Westminster Sanctuary, was lighted of a fair + prince. And within the said place the said child, without pomp, was + after christened, whose godfathers were the abbat and prior of the said + place, and the Lady Scrope godmother."--Fabian's _Chronicle_, p. 659., + Lond. 1811. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +Fuller, in his _Worthies_, vol. ii. p. 414., says Edward, eldest son of +Edward IV. and Elizabeth his queen, was born in the sanctuary of +Westminster, November 4, 1471. + +A. + +_Ringing Church Bells at Death_ (Vol. viii., p. 55. &c.).--The custom of +ringing the church bell, as soon as might be convenient after the passing +of a soul from its earthly prison-house, in the manner described in "N. & +Q.," existed ten years ago in the parish of Rawmarsh, in the West Riding of +Yorkshire, and had existed there before I became its rector, twenty-two +years ago. First a brisk peal was rung, if I mistake not, on one of the +lighter bells, which was raised and lowered; then, upon the same, or some +other of the lighter bells, the sex of the deceased was indicated by a +given number of distinct strokes,--I cannot with certainty recall the +respective numbers; lastly, the tenor bell was made to declare the supposed +age of the deceased by as many strokes as had been counted years. + +JOHN JAMES. + +_What is the Origin of "Getting into a Scrape?"_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--It +may have been, first, a tumble in the mire; by such a process many of us in +childhood have both literally and figuratively "got into a scrape." Or, +secondly, the expression may have arisen from the use of _the razor_, where +to be shaved was regarded as an indignity, or practised as a token of deep +humiliation. D'Arvieux mentions an Arab who, having received a wound in his +jaw, chose rather to hazard his life, than allow the surgeon to take off +his beard. When Hanun had shaved off half the beards of David's servants, +"David sent to meet them, because they were greatly ashamed: and the king +said, 'Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return'" (2 +Sam. x. 4, 5.). The expedient of _shaving off the other half_ seems not to +have been thought on, though that would naturally have been resorted to, +had not the indignity of being rendered beardless appeared intolerable. +Under this figure the desolation of a country is threatened. "In the same +day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, by them beyond the +river, even by the King of Assyria, the head, and the hair of the feet, and +it shall consume the beard" (Isaiah vii. 20.). Again, as a token of grief +and humiliation: "Then Job arose and rent his mantle, and shaved his +beard," &c.--"There came fourscore men, having their heads shaven, and +their clothes rent, and having cut themselves," &c. (Jer. xli. 5.). Or, +thirdly, the allusion may be to the consequence of becoming infected with +some loathsome cutaneous disease. "So Satan smote Job with sore boils from +the sole of his foot unto his crown. And he took him a potsherd to _scrape_ +himself withal" (Job ii. 7, 8.). + +J. W. T. + +Dewsbury. + +_High Dutch and Low Dutch_ (Vol. viii., p. 478.).--Nieder Deutsch, or +rather Neder Duitsch, is the proper name of the Dutch language; at least it +is that which the people of Holland give to it. Low German does not +necessarily mean a vulgar patois. It is essentially as different a language +from High German, or rather more so, as Spanish is from Portuguese. I +believe German purists would point out Holstein, Hanover, Brunswick (not +Dresden), as the places where German is most classically spoken. I wish one +of your German (not Anglo-German) readers would set us right on this point. +The term Dutch, as applied to the language of Holland as distinguished from +that of German, is a comparative modernism in English. High Dutch and Low +Dutch used to be the distinction; and when Coverdale's _Translation of the +Bible_ is said to have been "compared with the Douche," German, and not +what we now call Dutch, is meant. Deutsch, in short, or Teutsch, is the +generic name for the language of the Teutones, for whom Germani, or +Ger-männer, was not a national appellation, but one which merely betokened +their warlike character. + +E. C. H. + +_Discovery of Planets_ (Vol. vii., p. 211.).--I should wish to ask MR. H. +WALTER, who has a learned answer about the discovery of planets, whether +the idea which he there broaches of a lost world where sin entered and for +which mercy was not found, be his own original invention, or whether he is +indebted to any one for it, and if so, to whom? + +QUÆSTOR. + +_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. viii., pp. 136. 421.).--This title has changed into +a question of the open hand as an emblem of power. In addition to the +instances cited by your correspondents, the following may be mentioned. + +The Romans used the open hand as a standard. + +The Kings of Ulster adopted it as their peculiar cognizance; thence it was +transferred to the shield of the baronets created Knights of Ulster by +James I.; to many of whose families recent {602} myths have in consequence +attributed bloody deeds to account for the cognizance of the bloody hand. +The Holte family of Aston Hall, near this town, affords an instance of such +a modern myth, which has, I think, already appeared in "N. & Q." The +subject of _modern myths_ would form a very interesting one for your pages. + +An open hand occurs on tombs in Lycia. (Fellowes' _Lycia_, p. 180.) + +The Turks and Moors paint an open hand as a specific against the evil eye. +(Shaw's _Travels in Barbary_, p. 243.) + +The open hand in red paint is of common occurrence on buffalo robes among +the tribes of North America, and is also stamped, apparently by the natural +hand dipped in a red colour, on the monuments of Yucatan and Guatemala. +(Stephen's _Yucatan_.) + +EDEN WARWICK. + +Birmingham. + +_Awk_ (Vol. viii., p. 310.).--H. C. K. asks for instances of the usage of +the word _awk_. He will find one in Richardson's _Dictionary_, and two of +_awkly_: + + "The _auke_ or left hand."--Holland's _Plutarch_. + + "They receive her _aukly_, when she (Fortune) presenteth herself on the + _right_ hand."--_Ibid._ + + "To undertake a thing _awkely_, or ungainly."--Fuller's _Worthies_. + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_Tenet_ (Vol. viii., p. 330.) was used by Hooker and Hall, and is also +found in state trial, 1 Hen. V., 1413, of Sir John Oldcastle. Sir Thomas +Browne, though he writes _tenets_ in his title, has _tenent_ in c. i. of +b. vii. But these variations may be generally placed to the account of the +printers in those days. (See TENET, in Richardson.) + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_Lovett of Astwell_ (Vol. viii., p. 363.).--Since I wrote on this subject, +I have consulted Baker's excellent _History of Northamptonshire_, and I +find the pedigree (vol. i. p. 732.) fully bears out my strictures on Betham +and Burke's account of Thomas Lovett, and his marriage with Joan Billinger. +With regard to Elizabeth Boteler, Mr. Baker simply states that Thomas +Lovett, Esq., of Astwell, married to his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of +John Boteler, Esq., of Watton Woodhall, Herts; but I observe that (_Idem._ +vol. i. p. 730.) there is in Wappenham Church (the parish of which Astwell +is hamlet) a brass to the memory of "Constance, late the wife of John +Boteler, Esq., and sister to Henry Vere, Esq., who died May 16, 1499:" this +lady, I conjecture, was the mother of Elizabeth Boteler, afterwards Lovett; +and her daughter must have been heir to her mother, as the arms of Vere and +Green are quartered on her grandson Thomas Lovett's tombstone in the same +church; as well as on another monument of the Lovetts, the inscription of +which is now obliterated. The pedigree of the Botelers in Clutterbuck +(_Herts_, vol. ii. p. 475.) does not give this marriage; but John Boteler, +Esq., of Watton Woodhall, who was of full age in 1456, and whose first wife +Elizabeth died Oct. 28, 1471, is said to have married to his second wife +Constance, daughter of ---- Downhall of Gedington, co. Northamptonshire. +Can this be the lady buried at Wappenham? She was the mother of John +Boteler, Esq., Watton Woodhall, Sheriff of Herts and Essex in 1490; +therefore her daughter would not be entitled to transmit her arms to her +descendants. Or could the last-mentioned John Boteler, who died in 1514, +have had another wife besides the three mentioned in Clutterbuck? There can +be no question that one of the two John Botelers of Watton Woodhall married +Constance de Vere, as the marriage is mentioned on the monument at +Wappenham. I hope some of your genealogical readers may examine this point. + +TEWARS. + +_Irish Rhymes_ (Vol. viii., p. 250.).--In "The Wish," appended to _The +Ocean_ of Young (afterwards suppressed in his collected works, but quoted +by Dr. Johnson), are the following rhymes: + + "Oh! may I _steal_ + Along the _vale_ + Of humble life, secure from foes." + +And again: + + "Have what I _have_, + And live not _leave_." + +And yet again: + + "Then leave one _beam_ + Of honest _fame_, + And scorn the labour'd monument." + +And in his "Instalment" (which shared the same fate as "The Wish"): + + "Oh! how I long, enkindled by the _theme_, + In deep eternity to launch thy _name_." + +Young was no "Mil_a_sian:" so these rhymes go to acquit Swift of the +Irishism attributed to him by CUTHBERT BEDE; as, taken in connexion with +those used by Pope and others, it is clear they were not uncommon or +confined to the Irish poets. At the same time, I cannot think them either +elegant or musical, nor can I agree with one of your correspondents, that +their occasional use destroys the sameness of rhyme. If poets were to +introduce eccentric rhymes at pleasure, to produce variety, the shade of +Walker would I think be troubled sorely. + +ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + +_Passage in Boerhaave_ (Vol. vii., p. 453.).--As the passage is incorrectly +given from memory, it {603} is not easy to say where it is to be found. I +venture, however, to lay before the FOREIGN SURGEON the following, from the +_Institutiones Medicæ cæt. digestæ_, ab Herm. Boerhaave (Vienna, 1775), p. +382.: + + "Unde tamen mors senilis per has mutationes accidit inevitabilis, et ex + ipsa sanitate sequens." + +And from Ph. Ambr. Marhesz, Prælectiones in H. Boerh., _Inst. Med._ +(Vienna, 1785), vol. iii. p. 44.: + + "Tum vivere cessat decripitus senex, sine morbo in mortem transiens, + nisi senectutis vitium ineluctabile pro morbo habeas." + +See also § 475. Possibly the required passage may be found in Burton's +_Account of the Life, &c. of Dr. Boerhaave_ (London, 1743). Allow me, +however, to quote the following from a discourse of Joannes Oosterdijk +Schacht (Boerhaave's cotemporary), delivered by him September 12, 1729, +when he entered on the professorship at Utrecht. From this it will appear +that the words ascribed to Boerhaave may be attributed to other learned +men: + + "Nemini igitur mirum videatur, si innumeris stipata malis superveniat + senectus, quam nec solam nec morbis tantum comitatam obrepere, sed + ipsam morbum esse, et olim vidit vetustas, et hodierna abunde docet + experientia."--Joann. Oosterdijk Schacht, _Oratio Inauguralis cæt._ + (Traj. ad Rhenum, 1729). + +From the _Navorscher_. + +L. D. R. + +Ginnekin. + +_Craton the Philosopher_ (Vol. viii., p. 441.).-- + + "At that time two brothers, who were extremely rich, sold their + inheritance by the advice of Crato the philosopher, and bought diamonds + of singular value, which they crushed in the Forum before all the + people, thus making an ostentatious exhibition of their contempt for + the world. St. John, happening to be passing through the Forum, + witnessed this display, and, pitying the folly of these misguided men, + kindly gave them sounder advice. Sending for Crato their master, who + had led them into error, he blamed the wasteful destruction of valuable + property, and instructed him in the true meaning of contempt for the + world according to Christ's doctrine, quoting the precept of that + teacher, his own Master, when, in reply to the young man who inquired + of Him how he might obtain eternal life, He said, 'If thou wilt be + perfect, go and sell all that thou hast and give to the poor, and thou + shalt have treasure in heaven; and come and follow me.' Crato the + philosopher, acknowledging the soundness of the apostle's teaching, + entreated him to restore the jewels which had been foolishly crushed to + their former condition. St. John then gathered up the precious + fragments, and, while he held them in his hand, prayed for some time + with his eyes raised to heaven. His prayer being concluded, and all the + faithful present having said _Amen_, the broken pieces of the jewels + became so closely united, that there remained not the slightest + appearance of any fracture. Then Crato the philosopher, with all his + disciples, threw himself at the apostle's feet, believed, and were + baptized; and Crato, preaching openly the faith of the Lord Jesus, + became a true philosopher. Moreover, the two brothers who before + destroyed their property to no purpose, now, in obedience to the + evangelical precept, sold their jewels, and distributed the price in + alms to the poor of Christ. And a multitude of believers began to + attach themselves to St. John, and to follow his steps."--_Ordericus + Vitalis_, b. II. ch. v. (Mr. Forrester's translation), Bohn's edit., + vol. i. pp. 240, 241. + +J. SANSOM. + +_The Curfew_ (Vol. vii., pp. 167. 539.).--Add to the already long list of +places where the curfew bell is still rung the following: + +St. Werburgh's (Cathedral) Chester, Acton, Audlem, Nantwich, Wybunbury; all +in Cheshire and adjoining parishes. + +Madeley, Staffordshire. In this place also (Audlem) the very ancient custom +of chiming at funerals is still maintained. + +T. H. KERSLEY, B.A. + +Audlem, Nantwich. + +_Thomas Blount_ (Vol. viii., p. 286.).--Since forwarding the monumental +inscription inserted as above, which makes this gentleman's death to take +place on Dec. 26, I find that Sir William Dugdale, with whom Blount was on +terms of intimacy, as he calls him "my very worthy friend," has the +following notice of him in his _Diary_ under the year 1679: + + "December 16. Mr. T. Blount dyed, at Orlton, Herefordshire, of an + apoplexie." + +Thus making a difference of ten days, which is probably an error made by +the engraver of the inscription. It may be interesting to know from the +same authority, that Mr. Blount's chamber was in Fig Tree Court, on the +back side of the Inner Temple Hall, London, his country residence being at +Orlton. From his correspondence with Sir William, it appears that he +rendered him much assistance in his works. + +J. B. WHITBORNE. + +_Pronunciations of "Coke" and "Cowper"_ (Vols. iv. and v. _passim_; Vol. +vi., p. 16.).--So much, and so well to the purpose, has already been said +in "N. & Q.," in support of the averment that the former of these names was +originally pronounced _Cook_, that it may appear needless to adduce +additional evidence; still, considering the source from which the testimony +I am now bringing forward is derived, I think I may stand excused for +recurring to the subject. It is from the Court Books of the manor of +Mitcham (the birthplace of Sir Edward Coke), and from the parochial +registers; in which, and, indeed, in all cotemporary records where sound +was followed in the spelling, I find the name of this family written {604} +_Cook_ or _Cooke_. The great Sir Edward's own baptismal register is thus +entered--1551, Feb. 7. "Edward Cooke genero." Surely this is conclusive. +The same pronunciation was vulgarly followed almost up to the present time. +There must be many who remember at the Norfolk elections the cry of "Cook +for ever," as well as that of the opposite political party who threw up +their caps for _Woodhouse_; for so _Wodehouse_ was in like manner +pronounced. Again, the Hobarts, another Norfolk family, were always called +_Hubbarts_; and more anciently Bokenham, _Buckenham_, Todenham, +_Tuddenham_, and others I could name, showing that in the Norfolk dialect +the usage was in pronunciation to soften the _o_. + +Now as regards the sound of Cowper, the same class of authorities, old +deeds, court rolls, and parish registers, appears to lead to a different +conclusion from that of your other correspondents. We have now no _Cowper_ +family of Norfolk origin; of _Coopers_ we have multitudes: the names of +whose forefathers were written _Couper_ or _Cowper_; and if written as +pronounced, the analogical inference is that the original pronunciation was +_Cowper_, Cooper being merely the modern way of spelling; and curiously +enough, the parish of _Hoo_, in this county, is called and now usually +spelt _How_. + +G. A. C. + +_Unkid_ (Vol. viii., p. 353.).--_Unketh_, _uncouth_, are different writings +of the same word. Jamieson has _uncoudy_, which he explains, dreary; and +_coudy_, i. e. couth, couthy, nearly allied to _cuth_, notus (see _couth_ +(could), _uncouth_, _unketh_, in Richardson; and _coudy_, _uncoudy_, in +Jamieson). Lye has "_Uncwid_, solitary; whence, perhaps, the not entirely +obsolete _unkid_." Grose also tells us that, in the north, _uncuffs_ and +_uncuds_ mean news. It is very plain that these are all the same word, +differently written and applied. + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_To split Paper_ (Vol. viii., p. 413.).-- + + "Procure two rollers or cylinders of glass, amber, resin, or metallic + amalgam; strongly excite them by the well known means so as to produce + the attraction of cohesion, and then, with pressure, pass the paper + between the rollers; one half will adhere to the under roller, and the + other to the upper roller; then cease the excitation, and remove each + part."--From the _Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal_. + +A. H. B. + +_La Fleur des Saints_ (Vol. viii., p. 410.).--The work which Molière +intended was in all probability the French translation of a Spanish work +entitled _Flos Sanctorum_. The author of it was Alonso de Villegas. It was +first printed at Toledo in 1591, and an English version appeared at Douay +in 1615. Some idea of the contents may be gathered from the following +title: _Flos Sanctorum, Historia General de la Vida, y Hechos de Jesu +Christo Dios y Señor nuestro; y de todos los Santos, de que reza, y haze +fiesta la Iglesia Catolica, &c._ My copy is the Madrid edition of 1653. + +C. HARDWICK. + +St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. + +_Dr. Butler and St. Edmund's Bury_ (Vol. viii., p. 125.).--Could this have +been Dr. William Butler, of eccentric memory, born at Ipswich about 1535, +and buried in St. Mary's Church, Cambridge, 1618? + +G. A. C. + +_Major André_ (Vol. viii., p. 174.).--Two nephews of Major André, sons of +his sister, Mrs. Mills, are resident in Norwich, both being surgeons there. +Perhaps, on application, your correspondent SERVIENS would be able to +obtain from them some serviceable information regarding this unfortunate +officer. + +G. A. C. + +_Wooden Tombs and Effigies_ (Vol. viii., p. 255.).--In the church of +Chew-Magna, co. Somerset, is the effigy of Sir John Hautville, cut (says +Collinson, vol. ii. p. 100.) in one solid piece of Irish oak. He lies on +his left side, resting on his hip and elbow, the left hand supporting his +head. The figure is in armour, with a red loose coat without sleeves over +it, a girdle and buckle, oblong shield, helmet, and gilt spurs. The right +hand rests on the edge of the shield. This monument was brought many years +ago from the neighbouring church (now destroyed) of Norton Hautville. Sir +John lived temp. Henry III. The popular story of him is that he was a +person of gigantic strength, and that he carried, for a feat, three men to +the top of Norton church tower, one under each arm, and the third in his +teeth! (Collinson, vol. ii. p. 108.) + +J. E. J. + +_Froissart's Accuracy_ (Vol. viii., p. 494.).--The accuracy of Froissart as +an historian has never been questioned, says T. J. This assertion ought not +to pass without a note. If T. J. will look into Hallam's _Lit. of Europe_, +ch. iii., he will find that judicious and learned critic comparing +Froissart with Livy for "fertility of historical invention," or, in other +words, for his unhesitatingly supplying his readers with a copious and +picturesque statement of the details of events, where they were palpably +out of the reach of his knowledge. + +As a gleaner of chivalrous gossip, and a painter of national manners, +Froissart is perhaps unequalled. Take up his account of a campaign on the +Scottish borders, and he relates the proceedings in his amusing style, as +if he had been behind every bush with the Scotch, and hunting for them in +vain with every English banner. But if his accuracy be inquired into, he +tells you that Carlisle, which he calls Cardoel en Gales, is on {605} the +Tyne, and was garrisoned in vain with "grand planté de Galois," to prevent +the Scotch from passing the Tyne under its walls (vol. i. ch. xviii. xix. +xxi.). + +So much by way of note; but there is a Query which I should be glad to see +answered. Bayle (art. Froissart) quotes a German critic as affirming that +in the Lyons edition of Froissart, by Denys Saulvage, 1559: "Omnia quæ Aulæ +Gallicæ displicebant, deleta, vixque decimam historiæ partem relictam +esse." Does Col. Johnes notice this inaccuracy in the edition generally +procurable? And does he state whether he saw, or consulted, or received any +benefit from the existence of the MS. copy of Froissart, once in the +library of Breslaw? + +HENRY WALTER. + +_Nursery Rhymes_ (Vol. viii., p. 452.).--I fear J. R.'s anxiety to find a +Saxon origin to a nursery rhyme has _suggested_ unconsciously a version +which does not otherwise exist. The rhyme in my young days used to be,-- + + "Hushaby, baby, on the tree top, + When the wind blows the cradle will rock." + +--a sufficient rhyme for the nursery. + +EDEN WARWICK. + +Birmingham. + +"_Hip, hip, hurrah!_" (Vol. viii., pp. 88. 323.).-- SIR J. EMERSON TENNENT, +in answering MR. BRENT'S observation at p. 88., seems to have been fighting +a shadow. Upon reference to Mr. Chappell's _Collection_, vol. ii. p. 38., +quoted by MR. BRENT, it appears that a note by Dr. Burney, in a copy of +Hawkins's _History of Music_, in the British Museum, is the authority for +the reading: + + "Hang up all the poor _hep_ drinkers, + Cries old Sim, the King of skinkers." + +In the folio edition of Ben Jonson's _Works_, published by Thomas Hodgkin, +London, 1692, in which the "Leges Convivales" are I believe for the first +time printed, the verses over the door of the Apollo are given, and the +couplet runs: + + "Hang up all the poor _hop_ drinkers, + Cries Old Sym, the King of skinkers." + +Probably Mr. Chappell misread Dr. Burney's MS. note: at all events MR. +BRENT'S ingenious suggestion is without foundation. + +A. F. B. + +Diss. + +_Dodo_ (Vol. vii., p. 83.).--Dodo or Doun Bardolf married Beatrix, daughter +of William de Warren of Wormegay. She was a widow in 1209, and remarried +the famous Hubert de Burgh. + +ANON. + +_Oaths_ (Vol. viii., p. 364.).--Your correspondent assumes that the act of +kissing the Bible, or other book containing the Holy Gospels, by a judicial +witness, is a part of the oath itself. Is it such, or is it merely an act +of reverence to the book? In support of the latter supposition, I would +quote Archdeacon Paley, who says, that after repeating the oath,-- + + "The juror kisses the book; the kiss, however, seems rather an act of + reverence to the contents of the book, as in the Popish ritual the + priest kisses the gospel before he reads it, than any part of the + oath."--_Mor. and Pol. Ph._, p. 193., thirteenth edition. + +In none of the instances given by C. S. G. does kissing the book appear to +be essential. Does not this rather favour Dr. Paley's explanation? which, +if it be correct, would, I think, afford grounds for concluding that the +practice of kissing the book accompanied the taking of ancient oaths, and +is not, as C. S. G. suggests, an addition of later times. + +Again, may I bring forward the same authority in opposition to that quoted +by your correspondent with reference to the origin of the term corporal +oath: + + "It is commonly thought that oaths are denominated corporal oaths from + the bodily action which accompanies them, of laying the right hand upon + a book containing the four gospels. This opinion, however, appears to + be a mistake, for the term is borrowed from the ancient usage of + touching upon these occasions the _corporale_, or cloth, which covered + the consecrated elements."--P. 191. + +R. V. T. + +Mincing Lane. + +The old custom of taking the judicial oath by merely laying the right hand +upon the book, is undoubtedly, thinks ERICA, of Pagan origin. In my humble +opinion it is far too common with us to ascribe things to Pagan origin. I +would venture to assert that the origin of this form of judicial oath may +be traced to Deuteronomy xxi. 1-8., where at the sacrifice offered up in +expiation of secret murder, the rulers of the city nearest the spot where +the corpse was found were in presence of the corpse to wash their hands +_over_ the victim, and say, "Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our +eyes see it." + +CEYREP. + +_Mayors and Sheriffs_ (Vol. viii., p. 126.).--In answer to a SUBSCRIBER, +there can be little or no doubt, I consider, but that the mayor of a town +or borough is the principal and most important officer, and ought to have +precedence of a sheriff of a town or borough. By stat. 5 & 6 Wm. IV. cap. +76. sec. 57., it is enacted, "That the mayor for the time being of every +borough shall, during the time of his mayoralty, have precedence in all +places within the borough." As sheriffs of towns, and counties of towns, do +not derive their appointments from the Crown, but from the councils of +their respective towns, &c. (see sec. 61. of the {606} above Act), I do not +imagine that they can legally claim precedence of mayors, on the alleged +ground of any "representation of Majesty," in the face of the particular +enactment above quoted; which, indeed, seems to me to give to the mayor +within his own borough precedence of a high sheriff of a county, if present +on any public occasion. I am not aware that the sheriff of borough, as +such, can "_claim_ to have a grant of arms, if he has not any previous;" +although I have no doubt he may readily obtain one, upon payment of the +usual fees. + +C. J. + +_Mousehunt_ (Vol. viii., p. 516.).-- + + "A Mousehunt is a little animal of the species of weasel; it has a very + slender body, about the length of a rat, with a long hairy tail, bushy + at the end; the back is of a reddish-brown colour, the hair long and + smooth; the belly is white, as are also its feet; it runs very swiftly, + swaying its body as it moves along from side to side. The head is short + and narrow, with small ears, like those of a rat; the eyes are black, + piercing, and very bright. Their chief food is rats, mice, young + chickens, little birds, and eggs. They frequent mole-hills, and are + often caught in the traps set for the moles; they are destroyed by + ferrets and dogs. These mousehunts live, for the most part, in holes + beneath the roots of trees, or in old buildings." + +The above description of the Mousehunt is given in _The History of a +Field-mouse_ by Miss Black. Should it be thought of sufficient authority to +deserve a place in "N. & Q.," the coincidence which led "Little Downy" to +be read to a little girl on the morning of Nov. 26 will amuse. + +E. B. R. + +_"Salus populi," &c._ (Vol. viii., p. 410.).--Selden, in his _Table Talk_ +(art. PEOPLE), states, on what authority I know not, that this was part of +the law of XII Tables. + +E. S. T. T. + +_Love Charm from a Foal's Forehead_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--The word which +H. P. wants is _Hippomanes_. The reference which the Lexicons give is to +Aristotle's _History of Animals_, viii. 23. 5. + +I shall be glad to have some of H. P.'s references to Tacitus, as I cannot +now call one to mind. In connexion with the subject, I should like to know +if the white star, which used to be so fashionable on horses' foreheads, +was always or generally produced artificially. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Land of Green Ginger_ (Vol. viii., pp. 160. 227.). --So named, in all +probability, from green ginger having been manufactured there. Green ginger +was one of the favourite conserve of our ancestors, and great quantities of +it were made in this country from dried ginger roots. In an old +black-letter work without date, but unmistakeably of the sixteenth century, +entitled _The Book of pretty C[=o]ceits, taken out of Latine, French, +Dutch, and English_, there is a receipt "To make Green Ginger," commencing +thus:--"Take rases of cased ginger and use them in this sort." I need not +quote the long-winded receipt. Suffice it to say that dried ginger was +placed in alternate layers with fine white sand, and the whole mass kept +constantly wet until the ginger became quite soft. It was then washed, +scraped clean, and put into sirup. There can be no greater difficulty in +finding a derivation for the Land of Green Ginger, than for Pudding Lane, +or Pie Corner. + +W. PINKERTON. + +Ham. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +The Members of the _Camden Society_ have just received two volumes, with +which we doubt not all will be well pleased. The first is a farther +portion, namely, from M to R, of Mr. Way's most valuable edition of the +_Promptorium Parvulorum_. A glance at the foot-notes, so rich in +philological illustration, and a knowledge that Mr. Way's labours have been +greatly impeded by his removal from London, where only he can meet with the +authorities which he is obliged to consult, may well explain the delay +which has taken place in its publication. But we doubt not that the Camden +Council are justified in the hope which they have expressed that the favour +with which the present portion is received, will encourage the editor to +proceed with all possible dispatch to the conclusion of the work. + +Rich, like the _Promptorium_, in philological illustration, and of the +highest value as a contribution to the social history of the thirteenth +century, is the next work; and for which the Camden Members are indebted to +the learned Vicar of Holbeach, The Rev. James Morton. _The Ancren Riwle; a +Treatise on the Rules and Duties of Monastic Life_, which he has edited and +translated from a Semi-Saxon MS. of the thirteenth century, is a work which +many of our best scholars have long desired to see in print,--we believe we +may add, that many have thought seriously of editing. The information to be +derived from it, with regard to the state of society, the learning and +manners, the moral and religious teaching, and the language of the period +in which it was written, is so various and so important, that it is clear +the Camden Society has done good service in selecting it for publication; +while the manner in which it has been edited by Mr. Morton, and the +translation and complete Glossarial Index with which he has enriched it, +show that the Council did equally well in their choice of an editor. The +work does the highest credit both to that gentleman and to the Camden +Society. + +Mr Bridger, of 3. Keppel Street, Russell Square, is desirous of making +known to our readers that he is engaged in compiling a "Catalogue of +Privately Printed Books in Genealogy and kindred subjects," and to solicit +information in furtherance of his design, {607} more especially with regard +to privately printed sheet pedigrees. The Catalogue will be printed for +private distribution, and he will be happy to give a copy to any one who +may favour him with communications. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--As usual, we have a large item to enter under this head to +the account of that enterprising caterer of good and cheap books, Mr. Bohn. +We have two volumes of his _Standard Library_, namely, Adam Smith's _Theory +of Moral Sentiments; and Dissertation on the Origin of Languages, with the +Biographical and Critical Memoir of the Author_, by Dugald Stewart--and a +work of greater present interest, though in itself of far less importance, +namely, Ranke's _History of Servia_, and his _Insurrection in Bosnia, +translated from the German_, by Mrs. A. Kerr, and the _Slave Provinces of +Turkey, chiefly from the French_ of M. Cyprien Robert, a volume which will +be read with eagerness in the present condition of the political world. +_Justin, Cornelius Nepos, and Eutropius, literally translated, with Notes +and a General Index_, by the Reverend J. Selby Watson, M.A., forms the new +volume of the same publisher's _Classical Library_. Mr. Bohn has this month +commenced a New Series under the title of Bohn's _British Classics_. The +first work is an edition of Gibbon's _Decline and Fall_, with the notes of +Guizot, Wenck, and other continental writers; and farther illustrations by +an English Churchman. In thus choosing Gibbon, Mr. Bohn has not shown his +usual tact. He may not mean his edition to be a rival to that published by +Mr. Murray under the editorship of Dean Milman; but he will find much +difficulty in dissuading the reading world that it is not so intended. We +speak thus freely, because we have always spoken so freely in commendation +of Mr. Bohn's projects generally.--_Catalogue of my English Library, +collected and described_ by Henry Stevens, F.S.A., is a catalogue of the +books essential to a good English library of about 5000 volumes, and such +as Mr. Stevens, the indefatigable supplier of book rarities and book +utilities to his American brethren, feels justified in recommending. It +would be found so capital a Hand-book to all classes, that we are sorry to +see it is only printed for private distribution.--_The Botanist's +Word-book_, by G. Macdonald, Esq., and Dr. James Allan. This little +vocabulary of the terms employed in the Science of Botany, which may now +almost be described as the science of Long Names, will be found most useful +by all who pursue that fascinating study. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +THE FRIENDS. 1773. 2 Vols. + +THE EDINBURGH MISCELLANY. 1720. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +ORMEROD'S CHESHIRE. Parts II. and X. Small Paper. + +HEMINGWAY'S CHESTER. Parts I. and III. Large Paper. + + Wanted by _T. Hughes_, 13. Paradise Row, Chester. + + * * * * * + +AARON HILL'S PLAIN DEALER. + +EDINBURGH MISCELLANY. Edinb. 1720. + + Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington. + + * * * * * + +OXFORD ALMANACK for 1719. + +AMOENITATES ACADEMICÆ. Vol. I. Holmiæ, 1749. + +AMMANUS l. STIRPES RARIORES. Petrop. 1739. + +PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS for 1683. + +ANNALS OF PHILOSOPHY for January, 1824. + +UNIVERSAL MAGAZINE for January, 1763. + +SPRINGEL AND DECANDOLLE'S BOTANY. + + Wanted by _Mr. H. T. Bobart_, Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + + * * * * * + +LADERCHII ANNALES ECCLESIASTICI. 3 Tom. Folio. Romæ, 1728-37. + +THE BIBLE in Shorthand, according to the method of Mr. James Weston, whose +Shorthand Prayer Book was published in the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's +Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, 1687, would be given in exchange. + +LOESCHER, DE LATROCINIIS, QUÆ IN SCRIPTORES PUBLICOS SOLENT COMMITTERE +HÆRETICI. 4to. Vitemb. 1674. + +LOESCHER, ACTA REFORMATIONIS. + +SCHRAMM, DISSERT. DE LIBRORUM PROHIBITORUM INDICIBUS. 4to. Helmst. 1708. + +JAMESII SPECIMEN CORRUPTELARUM PONTIFIC. 4to. Lond. 1626. + +MACEDO, DIATRIBE DE CARDINALIS BONÆ ERRORIBUS. + + Wanted by _Rev. Richard Gibbings_, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal. + + * * * * * + +PECK'S (FR.) HISTORY OF THE STAMFORD BULL RUNNING. + +THE CASE OF MR. SAM. BRUCKSHAW CONSIDERED. 8vo. or 12mo. + + Wanted by _Mr. J. Phillips_, Stamford. + + * * * * * + +RECOLLECTIONS AND REFLECTIONS DURING THE REIGN OF GEORGE III., by John +Nicholls. 2 Vols. 8vo. London, Ridgway, 1820. + + Wanted by _G. Cornewall Lewis_, Kent House, Knightsbridge. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_We have this week the pleasure of again presenting our readers with a +Thirty-two page Number, in consequence of the number of Advertisements and +the length of _DR. DIAMOND'S_ valuable paper. This latter we recommend to +the attention of our antiquarian friends, who will find, as we have done, +that the process is at once simple and certain, and one which may be +mastered with very little trouble._ + +NON-MEDICUS. _Your correction of an obvious blunder in the +Registrar-General's Report is not fitted for our columns._ + +F. W. _The proverb_ Good wine needs no bush _has reference to the practice +which formerly prevailed of hanging a tuft of ivy at the door of a vintner, +as we learn from_-- + + "Now a days the good wyne needeth none ivye garland." + +_Ritson, in a note on the epilogue to Shakespeare's_ As You Like It, +_speaks of the custom as then prevalent in Warwickshire, and as having +given the name to the well-known_ Bush Inn _at Bristol_. + +B. W. C. (Barum). _The subject is under serious consideration, but the +difficulties are greater than our friendly Correspondent imagines._ + +J. D. Les Lettres Cabalistiques _were written by M. D'Argens, the author +of_ Les Lettres Juives _and_ Les Lettres Chinoises. + +MR. J. A. DUNKIN, _of Dartford, Kent, would feel obliged with the loan of +the following work_: Memoirs of the Origin of the Incorporation of the +Trinity House of Deptford Strond. _It is not in the British Museum._ + +FOLK LORE.--_We propose next week to present our readers with a Christmas +Number, rich in_ Folk Lore, _and other kindred subjects_. + +_Many replies to Correspondents are unavoidably postponed._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. + +"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a +Half.--Copies are being made up and may be had by order._ + + * * * * * + + +{608} + +In small 8vo. volumes, neatly bound, + +THE PARLOUR BOOKCASE. + +The Volumes now Ready are:-- + + Vol. 1. Sam Slick the Clockmaker. 5s. + 2. ---- the Attaché. 5s. + 3. ---- Letter Bag of the Great Western. 2s. 6d. + 4. Captain Marryat's Monsieur Violet. 3s. 6d. + 5. ---- Olla Podrida. 3s. 6d. + 6. Mrs. Trollope's Domestic Manners of America. 3s. 6d. + 7. Paddiana; or, Irish Life. 3s. 6d. + 8. Salad for the Solitary. By an Epicure. 3s. 6d. + 9. Robert Chamber's History of Scotland. 3s. 6d. + 10. Smith's Traditions of the Streets of London. 3s. 6d. + 11. Maxwell's Wild Sports of the West. 3s. 6d. + 12. Col. Cunynghame's Service in China. 5s. + 13. Fairholt's Eccentric Characters. 2s. 6d. + 14. Maxwell's Czar, his Court and People. 3s. 6d. + 15. Memoirs of Theodore Hook. 5s. + 16. The Hon. Mrs. Norton's Undying One. 2s. 6d. + 17. Chalmeriana; or, Colloquies with Dr. Chalmers. By J. J. Gurney. + 2s. 6d. + 18. Brace's Home Life in Germany. 5s. + +To be followed by: + +A History of China.--Mrs. Sinnett's Byeways of History.--Beckford's Italy, +&c. + +RICHARD BENTLEY, New Burlington Street. + + * * * * * + + +BENTLEY'S RAILWAY LIBRARY. + +*** The Works in this Series are all copyright, and cannot be had in any +other collection. + +The new volume, published on the 15th inst., contains, THE TWO BROTHERS. + + Volumes already published: + Vol. 1. The Comic English Grammar. 1s. + 2. Notes on Noses. 1s. + 3. Morier's Adventures of Martin Toutrond. 1s. + 4. The Old Sailor's "Nights at Sea." 1s. + 5. Border Tales. By the Author of "Stories of Waterloo." 1s. + 6. Col. Cunynghame's Great Western Republic. 1s. + 7. Albert Smith's Comic Tales. 1s. + 8. Broad Grins from China. 1s. + 9. Albert Smith's Life at Home and Abroad. 1s. + 10. Sketches of English Character. By Mrs. Gore. 1s. + 11. Professor Creasy's Battle of Waterloo. 1s. + 12. Emille Carlen's Brilliant Marriage. 1s. + 13. Merrimee's Colomba. A Story of Corsica. Double vol. 1s. 6d. + 14. Merrimee's Massacre of St. Bartholomew. A Chronicle of Charles + IX. Double vol. 2s. + 15. John Drayton. the Liverpool Engineer. Double vol. 2s. + 16. Stella and Vanessa. A Romance of the Days of Swift. Double vol. + 2s. + 17. Ned Myers. By J. Fenimore Cooper. 1s. + +To be followed by + + Basil. By Wilkie Collins. + Stanley Thorn. By the Author of "Valentine Vox." + +RICHARD BENTLEY, New Burlington Street. + +And to be had of all Booksellers, and at all Railway Stations. + + * * * * * + + +In imperial quarto, beautifully printed in colours, price 21s. half-bound +morocco, + +ATLAS of CLASSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By A. KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., &c., Author +of the "Physical Atlas," &c. With a complete Index of Places. by T. HARVEY, +M.A. + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, +Edinburgh and London. + +Of whom may be had, + +AN EDITION OF THE SAME WORK FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS, strongly half-bound in +octavo, price 12s. 6d. + + * * * * * + + +In super-royal 16mo., illustrated by "Phiz," price 3s. 6d. cloth; 4s. 6d. +coloured, gilt edges. + +A PEEP AT THE PIXIES; or, LEGENDS OF THE WEST. BY MRS. BRAY. Author of "The +Life of Stothard," "Trelawny," &c. + + "Mrs. Bray's knowledge of the locality, her affection for her subject, + her exquisite feeling for nature, and her real delight in fairy lore, + have given a freshness to the little volume we did not expect. The + notes at the end contain matter of interest for all who feel a desire + to know the origin of such tales and legends."--_Art Journal._ + +GRANT & GRIFFITH, Corner of St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, fcap. 8vo., price 5s. cloth, + +ANECDOTES of the HABITS and INSTINCTS of BIRDS, FISHES, and REPTILES. By +MRS. R. LEE, Author of "The African Wanderers," &c. Illustrations by +HARRISON WEIR. + +By the same Author, + +ANECDOTES of the HABITS and INSTINCT of ANIMALS. Illustrations by H. WEIR. +New Edition, 5s. cloth. + + "Amusing, instructive, and ably written."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "Mrs. Lee's authorities--to name only one, Professor Owen--are, for the + most part, first-rate."--_Athenæum._ + +GRANT & GRIFFITH, Corner of St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL AND SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILTS are made in three Varieties,--the BORDERED +QUILT, the PLAIN QUILT, and the DUVET. The Bordered Quilt is in the usual +form of Bed Quilts, and is a most elegant and luxurious article. The Plain +Quilt is smaller, and is useful as an extra covering on the bed, or as a +wrapper in the carriage, or on the couch. The Duvet is a loose case filled +with Eider Down as in general use on the Continent. Lists of Prices and +Sizes sent free by Post, on application to + +HEAL & SON'S Bedding Factory, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., in +Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may +now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board +of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen. + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s. + +NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS of NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the +"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + +Also, in 8vo.; pp. 720; Plates 24; price 21s., or coloured, 36s., + +A HISTORY of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing +Descriptions of every Species, British and foreign; the methods of +procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. BY +ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + + "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._" + +Also, price 8s. 6d., + +MICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Reflecting and Solar Microscopes; +Eye-Pieces; Micrometers, &c. + +Also, edited by the same, price 18s., + +ENGLISH PATENTS; being a Register of all those granted in the Arts, +Manufactures, Chemistry, &c., during the first forty-five years of this +century. + +WHITTAKER & Co., Ave Maria Lane. + + * * * * * + + +On 15th of December, price 2d.; stamped, 3d. + +THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL MISCELLANY, NO. II., contains a reprint of the very +rare, and probably unique, Tract of SIR DUDLEY DIGGES on the NORTH-WEST +PASSAGE to India and China printed in 1611, and is appended to JOHN +PETHERAM'S CATALOGUE OF OLD AND NEW BOOKS (upwards of 1000 articles) FOR +DECEMBER, 1853. + +JOHN PETHERAM, 94. High Holborn. + + * * * * * + + +SALES BY AUCTION. + + This Evening, at 6.--Remainders of numerous magnificent Illustrated + Books.--By SOUTHGATE & BARRETT, at their Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, THIS + EVENING, December 15th, and following Evenings (Saturday and Sunday + excepted), at 6, + +ROBERTS'S HOLY LAND, EGYPT, NUBIA, &c.; Digby Wyatt's Industrial Arts of +the Nineteenth Century (of both of which the lithographic stones will be +destroyed during the progress of the sale); Digby Wyatt's Metal Work, and +its Artistic Design; Kirby Wyatt's Geometrical Mosaics of the Middle Ages; +Darrell's China, India, and the Cape, coloured and mounted; Nash's Mansions +of England in the Olden Time; Gruner's Specimens of Ornamental Art; Musée +Royal (picked proofs before the letters); Richardson's Studies from Old +English Mansions; and a great number of Books of Prints by eminent Artists +will be sold in this Sale. Catalogues (1s. each, returnable to Purchasers) +will be forwarded to gentlemen sending their Address. + + * * * * * + + + This Evening, at 6. First Class English Engravings.--By SOUTHGATE & + BARRETT, at their Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, THIS EVENING, Dec. 15, and + following Evenings, at 6, + +CHOICE ENGRAVINGS, including all the best Productions of Sir Edwin +Landseer, R.A.; comprising the Stag at Bay (both large and small), the +Cover Hack, the Drive, Three Sporting Dogs, Return from the Warren, the +Mothers, complete Sets of his Etchings, and others; Turner's Dover and +Hastings; Ansdell's Just Caught; the Halt, and the Combat; Webster's +Rubber; Etty's Judgment of Paris; Harvey's Bowlers, and First Reading of +the Bible in Old St. Paul's; Murillo's Holy Family; the Rainbow, by +Constable; Mated and Checkmated, the Duet, and other graceful Compositions +by Frank Stone; Going With and against the Stream, after Jenkins; and +numerous others. All in the finest possible states. + + * * * * * + + +{609} + +PRIVATELY PRINTED BOOKS, SOLD BY + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, + +36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + +These Works are printed in quarto, uniform with the Club-Books, and the +series is now completed. Their value chiefly consists in the rarity and +curiosity of the pieces selected, the notes being very few in number. The +impression of each work is most strictly limited. + + * * * * * + +I. + +MORTE ARTHURE: The Alliterative Romance of the Death of King Arthur; now +first printed, from a Manuscript in the Library of Lincoln Cathedral. +Seventy-five Copies printed. 5l. + + *** A very curious Romance, full of allusions interesting to the + Antiquary and Philologist. It contains nearly eight thousand lines. + +II. + +THE CASTLE OF LOVE: A Poem, by ROBERT GROSTESTE, Bishop of Lincoln; now +first printed from inedited MSS. of the Fourteenth Century. One Hundred +Copies printed. 15s. + + *** This is a religious poetical Romance, unknown to Warton. Its + poetical merits are beyond its age. + +III. + +CONTRIBUTIONS TO EARLY ENGLISH LITERATURE, derived chiefly from Rare Books +and Ancient Inedited Manuscripts from the Fifteenth to the Seventeenth +Century. Seventy-five Copies printed. + + *** Out of print separately, but included in the few remaining complete + sets. + +IV. + +A NEW BOKE ABOUT SHAKESPEARE AND STRATFORD-ON-AVON, illustrated with +numerous woodcuts and facsimiles of Shakespeare's Marriage Bond, and other +curious Articles. Seventy-five Copies printed. 1l. 1s. + +V. + +THE PALATINE ANTHOLOGY. An extensive Collection of Ancient Poems and +Ballads relating to Cheshire and Lancashire; to which is added THE PALATINE +GARLAND. One Hundred and Ten Copies printed. 2l. 2s. + +VI. + +THE LITERATURE OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES, illustrated by +Reprints of very Rare Tracts. Seventy-five Copies printed. 2l. 2s. + + CONTENTS:--Harry White his Humour, set forth by M. P.--Comedie of the + two Italian Gentlemen--Tailor's Travels from London to the Isle of + Wight, 1648--Wyll Bucke his Testament--The Booke of Merry Riddles, + 1629--Comedie of All for Money, 1578--Wine, Beere, Ale, and Tobacco, + 1630--Johnson's New Booke of New Conceites, 1630--Love's Garland, 1624. + +VII. + +THE YORKSHIRE ANTHOLOGY.--An Extensive Collection of Ballads and Poems, +respecting the County of Yorkshire. One Hundred and Ten Copies printed. 2l. +2s. + + *** This Work contains upwards of 400 pages, and includes a reprint of + the very curious Poem, called "Yorkshire Ale," 1697, as well as a great + variety of Old Yorkshire Ballads. + +VIII, IX. + +A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, printed in Two Volumes, +Quarto (Preface omitted), to range with Todd's "Johnson," with Margins +sufficient for Insertions. One Hundred and Twelve Copies printed in this +form. 2l. 2s. + +X. + +SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF SEVERAL THOUSAND BILLS, ACCOUNTS. AND +INVENTORIES, Illustrating the History of Prices between the Years 1650 and +1750, with Copious Extracts from Old Account-Books. Eighty Copies printed. +1l. 1s. + +XI. + +THE POETRY OF WITCHCRAFT, Illustrated by Copies of the Plays on the +Lancashire Witches, by Heywood and Shadwell, viz., the "Late Lancashire +Witches," and the "Lancashire Witches and Tegue O'Divelly, the Irish +Priest." Eighty Copies printed. 2l. 2s. + +XII. + +THE NORFOLK ANTHOLOGY, a Collection of Poems, Ballads, and Rare Tracts, +relating to the County of Norfolk. Eighty Copies printed. 2l. 2s. + +XIII. + +SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES, COINS, MANUSCRIPTS, RARE +BOOKS, AND OTHER RELIQUES, Illustrative of the Life and Works of +Shakespeare. Illustrated with Woodcuts. Eighty Copies printed. 1l. 1s. + +XIV. + +SOME ACCOUNT OF THE MSS. PRESERVED IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, PLYMOUTH: a Play +attributed to Shirley, a Poem by N. BRETON, and other Miscellanies. Eighty +Copies printed. 2l. 2s. + + *** A Complete Set of the Fourteen Volumes, 21l. A reduction made in + favour of permanent libraries on application, it being obvious that the + works cannot thence return into the market to the detriment of original + subscribers. + + * * * * * + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London. + + * * * * * + + +{610} + +NEW EDITIONS, ETC. ISSUED BY + +H. WASHBOURNE & CO., + +25. IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW. + + * * * * * + +PICTORIAL BOOK OF ANCIENT BALLAD POETRY OF GREAT BRITAIN, Historical, +Traditional, and Romantic, Chronologically arranged, with Introductory +Notices, Historical and Critical; together with a Selection of Modern +Imitations, and some Translations, revised and enlarged. 15s. 8vo., +Roxburghe Style, or 2 vols. cloth. + +MARTIN'S ILLUSTRATED MILTON'S PARADISE LOST. 24 large Engravings. Imperial +8vo. 1l. 11s. 6d. half-bound morocco; 2l. 2s. morocco, elegantly gilt. + +*** Another Edition, Large Paper, imp. 4to. ILLUSTRATED BY MARTIN'S LARGER +PLATES, good Impressions, half-bound russia elegant, 3l. 3s. (Only 100 +Copies printed.) + + "He is more original, more self-dependent, than Raffaele or Michael + Angelo; they perfected the style of others--of Massaccio and + Signorelli; Martin borrowed from none."--_Sir E. L. B. Lytton._ + + * * * * * + +Cheap, Compact, and Complete Editions, Octavo. + +SPENSER'S WORKS. Portrait, &c. 9s. + +SPECTATOR, with Portraits and Lives of the Authors. 9s. + +ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, by FORSTER. 7s. + +PERCY'S RELIQUES of ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY. 3 vols. fcap. 8vo., with +Illuminated Titles, 15s. cloth; 18s. half-morocco; 1l. 11s. 6d. morocco +antique. + +Also, to match, + +ELLIS'S SPECIMENS OF EARLY POETS. 3 vols. + + "Washbourne's Editions of Percy and Ellis are tempting + books."--_Gentleman's Magazine._ + +MASSINGER'S WORKS, by GIFFORD. Portrait, &c. 9s. + +BOSWELL'S LIFE OF DR. JOHNSON, by MALONE. 6s. + +WALTON'S LIVES OF DONNE, WOTTON, HOOKER, HERBERT, &c. (MAJOR'S). 76 +Engravings, and Notes. Small 8vo., 9s. cloth; 14s. morocco, or calf +antique; also L. P. crown 8vo., cloth, 12s. + +An enlarged Edition, with 4,000 Plates, 2 vols. 21s. + +BOOK of FAMILY CRESTS, &c.; with upwards of 4,000 Engravings, illustrative +of the Crests of nearly every Family. + + "No wonder this book sells."--_Spectator._ + +The best recommendation as to its correctness (in the main) is, that it has +been used as a book of reference in the Heralds' College. + +BOOK OF MOTTOES, with Translations and Bearers' Names, cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. + +Fourteenth Edition, and 80th Year of its Publication, + +CLARK'S INTRODUCTION to HERALDRY. Upwards of 1,000 Plates, including the +Arms of numerous Families, small 8vo. 7s. 6d.; correctly coloured, 18s.; +or, 10s. 6d. on paper prepared for Learners. + + "I do not think I can offer better information than will be found in + Clark's Introduction to Heraldry."--_Basil Montagu._ + +Illustrated by 100 Portraits and Engravings on Copper and Wood. + +BUTLER'S HUDIBRAS, by DR. NASH, with some of Gray's Notes. 2 vols. crown +8vo., 18s. + +HERBERT'S POEMS AND COUNTRY PARSON, complete: 3s. 6d. cloth; 7s. morocco; +9s. antique morocco or calf. + + * * * * * + +*** Please to note WASHBOURNE'S Editions. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, Fourth and Cheaper Edition, in cloth and coloured, 5s. + +BIBLE MAPS; an Historical and Descriptive Atlas of Scripture Geography, +wherein the Ancient Authorities are verified, and corrected from the +Information of Modern Travellers up to the present Time. With Copious +Index. By WILLIAM HUGHES, F.R.G.S. + +London: J. W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors end Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series), consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses +of, and Extracts from, Curious Useful and Valuable Old Books. Vol. I. Pp. +436. Cloth, 10s. 6d. Part V., price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly, is now +ready. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square. + + * * * * * + + +Price 2s., or, Post Free, 2s. 6d. in Stamps. + +PANTOMIME BUDGETS: contains Notes and Queries on Things in General, and +Taxation in particular. + +CROSS & SON, 18. Holborn. + + * * * * * + + +CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.--EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY. + +AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets and +Portable Laboratories, 5s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s., +63s., and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6d. "Illustrated Descriptive +Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp. + + WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29_c._ Rotherfield Street, + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere. + + * * * * * + + +In 1 vol. 8vo., price 12s. 6d. cloth. + +MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE AND WRITINGS of JOHN PYE SMITH, D.D., LL.D., &c., late +Theological Tutor of the Old College, Homerton. By JOHN MEDWAY. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +In fcap. 8vo., price 6s. cloth. + +A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH of the REV. JOSEPH GILBERT. By HIS WIDOW. With +Recollections of the Discourses of his Closing Years, from Notes at the +Time. By One of his Sons. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +In fcap. 8vo., with Vignette, price 5s. cloth. + +SCENES in OTHER LANDS; with their Associations. By JOHN STOUGHTON. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +In fcap. 8vo., price 2s. 6d., sewed, a revised and Cheaper Edition of + +THE AGE AND CHRISTIANITY. By ROBERT VAUGHAN, D.D. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +In fcp. 8vo., price 5s. cloth. + +PRAYERS. Chiefly adapted for Times and Occasions of Personal Trial. By JOHN +SHEPPARD. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +Second Edition, in fcap. 8vo., price 4s. cloth. + +THE REUNION and RECOGNITION of CHRISTIANS in the LIFE to COME. The Right +Love of Creatures and of the Creator. Christian Conversation. In Three +Essays. By JOHN SHEPPARD. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +In square crown 8vo., price 21s.; or, 36s. bound in morocco. + +GOLDSMITH'S POETICAL WORKS. Edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With Engravings on +Wood, from Designs by Members of the Etching Club. + + "Apart from the grace and beauty of the illustrations, it is by far the + most correct and careful of the existing editions."--_Forster's Life of + Goldsmith._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +Price One Guinea, in massive carved covers; or 30s. bound, + +MIRACLES OF OUR LORD, illuminated in the Missal Style. By HENRY NOEL +HUMPHREYS. + +By the same Illuminator, + + PARABLES OF OUR LORD. + MAXIMS AND PRECEPTS OF THE SAVIOUR. + BOOK OF RUTH. + RECORD OF THE BLACK PRINCE. + SENTIMENTS AND SIMILES OF SHAKSPEARE. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +{611} + +Solicitors' & General Life Assurance Society, + +52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + +Subscribed Capital, _ONE MILLION_. + +THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES: + +The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION. + +Exemption of the Assured from all Liability. + +Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives. + +Participating and Non-Participating Premiums. + +In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided +amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum +assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option. + +No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on +Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account. + +POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud. + +At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of +nearly Two Per Cent. per annum on the _amount assured_, or at the rate of +from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_. + +POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid. + +Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856. + +The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be effected by +applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of +the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be +obtained. + + CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. + G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age £ s. d. | Age £ s. d. + 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 + 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 + 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic +Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally +acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal +scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no +preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect +pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where +a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in +separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to +any Climate. Full instructions for use. + +CAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD +W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony. + +CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of +purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent. +The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label +bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL +MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of +all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1_s_., 2_s_., and 3s. 6d. each, +through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & +CO., 95. Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents. + + * * * * * + + +POLICY HOLDERS in other COMPANIES, and intending Assurers generally, are +invited to examine the Rates, Principles, and Progress of the SCOTTISH +PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only Society in which the Advantages of Mutual +Assurance can be secured by moderate Premiums. Established 1837. Number of +Policies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and a Half Millions. + +Full Reports and every Information had (Free) on Application. + +*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp Duty; and attention is invited to +the circumstance that Premiums payable for Life Assurance are now allowed +as a Deduction from Income in the Returns for Income Tax. + + GEORGE GRANT, Resident Sec. + London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY. + +A COMPLETE SET OF APPARATUS for 4l. 4s., containing an Expanding Camera, +with warranted Double Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a Portable Stand, +Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and Baths, complete. + +PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achromatic combination, from 1l. 12s. 6d. + +LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Adjustment, from 25s. + +A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting Art, 1s., by post free. 1s. 6d. + +French Polished MAHOGANY STEREOSCOPES, from 10s. 6d. A large assortment of +STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same in Daguerreotype, Calotype, or Albumen, +at equally low prices. + +ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES. + +Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE, with all the latest improvement +and apparatus, complete from 3l. 15s., at + +C. BAKER'S. Optical and Mathematical Instrument Warehouse, 244. High +Holborn (opposite Day & Martin's). + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most +celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of +the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A +Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra +Copies for 10s. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits.--The Trade supplied. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + +THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per +Post, 1s. 2d. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--Every Description of SPECTACLES and EYE-GLASSES for the +Assistance of Vision, adapted by means of Smee's Optometer: that being the +only correct method of determining the exact focus of the Lenses required, +and of preventing injury to the sight by the use of improper Glasses. + +BLAND & LONG. Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.--Containing Colours, Pencils, &c., with +printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price 5s. + +MILLER'S, Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56. Long Acre, London; and at her +Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico. + + * * * * * + + +{612} + +BOOKS SUITABLE FOR CHRISTMAS PRESENTS, + +PUBLISHED BY + +MR. JOHN HENRY PARKER, + +OXFORD; and 377. STRAND LONDON. + + * * * * * + +THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. With Fifty Illustrations, from Designs by +Ancient and Modern Artists. Selected by the REV. H. J. ROSE and REV. J. W. +BURGON. In One handsome Volume, 8vo. The Prayer-Book is printed in very +large type, with Rubrics in Red. Elegantly bound in antique calf, with +vermillion edges, 2l. 5s. + +DAILY CHURCH SERVICES. In One Portable Volume, containing the Prayers and +Lessons for Daily Use: or, the Course of Scripture Readings for the Year, +authorised by the Church. Also, a Table of the Proper Lessons for Sundays +and Holydays, with References to the Pages. 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Fcap. 8vo., 10s. 6d.; or +bound in antique calf, 16s. + +A HISTORY of the CHURCH OF ENGLAND, to the REVOLUTION of 1688. By the late +REV. J. B. S. CARWITHEN, B.D. A new Edition, edited by the REV. W. R. +BROWELL, M.A., 2 vols. small 8vo., 12s. + +THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. By JOHN BUNYAN. A New Edition, adapted by the REV. +J. M. NEALE, M.A., for the Use of Children of the Church of England. Fcap. +8vo., handsomely bound in gilt cloth, with Woodcuts, 3s. 6d. + +TRACTS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. First Series. Four Vols., cloth, 18s. + +TRACTS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. Second Series. Four Vols., cloth, 15s. + +SERMONS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. A Series of Plain Sermons for Sunday +Reading. Four Vols., fcap. 8vo., 16s. + +A PLAIN COMMENTARY on the GOSPEL of ST. MATTHEW. with numerous +Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo., 6s. 6d. + +WILSON'S SACRA PRIVATA. From the original MSS. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo., +antique cloth, red edges, 6_s_; antique calf, red edges, 12s. + +THE PSALTER AND THE GOSPEL. 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Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5 New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and Published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December +17, 1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +page 591, "the Greek of the Septuagint, or of the New Testament": 'not of +the New Testament' in original, corrected by errata in Issue 217. + +ibid., "it is usual to read this with an accent on the penultima": +'antepenultima' in original, corrected by errata in Issue 217. + +page 594, "Richard, son of the writer of the said letter" : 'son of' +inserted by errata in Issue 218. + +ibid., "he (the Father) thus commences" : '(the Father)' inserted by errata +in Issue 218. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 216, +December 17, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC. 17, 1853 *** + +***** This file should be named 30595-8.txt or 30595-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/5/9/30595/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 216, December 17, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: December 4, 2009 [EBook #30595] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC. 17, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;"> +<tr> +<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top"> +Transcriber's note: +</td> +<td> +A few typographical errors have been corrected. They +appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the +explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked +passage. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><!-- Page 581 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page581"></a>{581}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 216.</b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, December 17. 1853</span></b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Teaching a Dog French, by Arthur Paget</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page581">581</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Religion of the Russians</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page582">582</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Leicestershire Epitaphs, by William Kelly</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page582">582</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Longfellow's "Reaper and the Flowers"</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page583">583</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:—"Receipt" or + "Recipe"—Death of Philip III. of + Spain—Churchwardens—Epigram—Oxford Commemoration + Squib, 1849—Professor Macgillivray—Manifesto of the + Emperor Nicholas</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page583">583</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>William Cookworthy, the Inventor of British Porcelain, by J. + Prideaux</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page585">585</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Catholic Floral Directories, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page585">585</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>George Alsop</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page585">585</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:—B. L. M.—Member + of Parliament electing himself—"Suaviter in modo, fortiter in + re"—Jacobite Garters—Daughters taking their Mothers' + Names—General Fraser—A Punning + Divine—Contango—Pedigree to the Time of + Alfred—"Service is no inheritance"—Antiquity of + Fire-irons—General Wolfe at Nantwich—"Corporations have + no Souls," &c.—Leeming Family—MS. Poems and + Songs—Bishop Watson</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page585">585</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with + Answers</span>:—Herbert's "Memoirs of the Last Years of Charles + I."—"Liturgy of the Ancients"—"Ancient hallowed + Dee"—Who was True Blue?—Charge of Plagiarism against + Paley—Weber's "Cecilia"—Andrew Johnson—MS. by + Glover—Gurney's Short-hand—Spurious Don Quixote</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page587">587</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Pronunciation of Hebrew Names and Words in the Bible, by T. J. + Buckton, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page590">590</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Lord Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton, by Weld Taylor</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page590">590</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Inscriptions in Books</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page591">591</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Praying to the West</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page592">592</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>"Green Eyes," by C. Forbes, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page592">592</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Myrtle Bee, by W. R. D. Salmon</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page593">593</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Tin</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page593">593</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Milton's Widow</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page594">594</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books chained to Desks in Churches—Old Parochial + Libraries</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page595">595</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Court-house, by P. H. Fisher</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page596">596</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photography.</span>—On the Simplicity of + the Calotype Process, by Dr. Diamond</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page596">596</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies To Minor + Queries</span>:—Belike—Stage-coaches—Birthplace of + King Edward V.—Ringing Church Bells at Death—What is the + Origin of "Getting into a Scrape?"—High Dutch and Low + Dutch—Discovery of Planets—Gloves at + Fairs—Awk—Tenet—Lovett of Astwell—Irish + Rhymes—Passage in Boerhaave—Unkid—To split + Paper—La Fleur des Saints—Dr. Butler and St. Edmund's + Bury, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page600">600</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page606">606</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page607">607</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page607">607</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page608">608</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>TEACHING A DOG FRENCH.</h3> + + <p>"N. & Q." the other day (Vol. viii., p. 464.) contained a curious + tale of a cat: will you insert as a pendent the following one of a dog? + The supposition that D. Julio was some obnoxious Frenchman protected by + the Government, seems necessary to account for the "teachyng a dogg + frenche" in front of his door constituting such a dire offence. His name + occurs, if I remember rightly, in Dr. Dee's <i>Diary</i> (Cam. Soc.), but + I have not the book at hand to refer to. Perhaps some of your + correspondents may inform me who he was. The original is in the Lansdowne + MS. (114. No. 8.) in the British Museum; and the fact of its being + amongst Lord Burleigh's papers shows that the occurrence took place + between 1571 and 1598, the respective dates of his appointment as "l + tresurer" and his death.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Arthur Paget.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">"<i>D. Julio's Abstract of the Deposic<span class="over">o</span>ns of ye witnesses +sworne touching ye speches of John Paget</i>.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b2n"> + + <p>"To proue that one William (sic) Paget, on the <span + class="scac">V</span><sup>th</sup> day of this present moneth, being + Friday, betwixt <span class="scac">VIII</span> and <span + class="scac">IX</span> of the clocke at nyght, went vp and down teachyng + a dogg frenche.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"1. M<sup>ris</sup> Karter, a jentilwoman borne, sayeth, that about + the same tym, she did hear the said Paget, that he wold teache his dogg + to speak frenche.</p> + + <p>"2. M<sup>ris</sup> Anne Coot, a jentilwoman, affirmeth the same.</p> + + <p>"3. One William Poyser, yeoman, sayeth, that he harde Paget saye that + he wold make his dogg speake as good frenche as any of them.</p> + + <p>"4. James Hudson sayeth, that standing at his maisters doore he did + hear Paget speake to his dogg in a straunge language, but what language + he knew not.</p> + + <p>"5. Edward, a grosser, is to be deposed that he harde Paget say, I + will teache my dogg to speake frenche, and was talking with his dogg in + frenche.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b2n"> + + <p>"To proue that the sayd Paget did say, Shortlye will come vnto the + realme frenche dogges, I hope I shall see thame all rootted out.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"1. M<sup>ris</sup> Karter sayeth, she harde Paget say, Shortlie wil + come vnto the realme frenche dogges, I hope I shall see thame all rootted + out.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 582 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page582"></a>{582}</span></p> + + <p>"2. M<sup>ris</sup> Anne Coot affirmeth the same.</p> + + <p>"3. William Poyser sayeth, he harde Paget say, Within this week or + two, there will come a great many frenche dogges.</p> + + <p>"4. M<sup>ris</sup> Eleonore Borgourneci vppon her othe affirmeth the + same.</p> + + <p>"5. The l maior writteth in his l<span class="over">r</span><span + class="over">e</span> to my l tresurer that Paget affirmeth before him + that he wold the realme were ryd of all yll straungers, adding this + qualification. [Qualification not given.]</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b2n"> + + <p>"To proue the great assembly that was with Paget, before D. Julio came + home to his howse.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"1. John Polton saieth, when his maister came home there was about a + hundreth persone of men, women, and chyldren, vp and downe there.</p> + + <p>"2. James Hudson sayeth, that he thinketh there was about <sup><span + class="scac">XX</span></sup><span class="scac">IIII</span> people + assembled in the streett before this examin<span class="over">a</span>t + his maister came home.</p> + + <p>"3. Richard Preston sayeth, that there was in his iudgement aboue a + hundred people in the streett before this depon<span + class="over">e</span>ts maister came home, and after his m<sup>r</sup> + came home the nomber of the people were greater.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b2n"> + + <p>"To proue that the sayd Paget did resiste to the constable when he + came to apprehend him.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"1. William Poyser sayeth, when the constable came to apprehende the + sayd Paget he kept the constable out with force, and sayd he should not + enter on him.</p> + + <p>"2. James Hudson sayeth, Paget wold not suffer the constable to entere + vnto his howse, but sayd if any man will entere vnto this howse, yf it + were not f<sup>r</sup> felony or treason to apprehend him, he wold kill + hym, yf he could, f<sup>r</sup> he sayd his howse was his castell.</p> + + <p>"3. Richard Preston sayeth, when the constable came to apprehende + Pagett, he hauing a bill or halberd in his hand, did keape him out of his + howse, and sayd, he showld not enter except it were f<sup>r</sup> felonye + or treason, or that he brought my l maiors warrant."</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE RELIGION OF THE RUSSIANS.</h3> + + <p>Public attention being very particularly directed towards the Russian + nation at the present time, a few remarks regarding some peculiarities in + their manner of worship, &c., which probably are not generally known, + may be interesting.</p> + + <p>I have been for some time past endeavouring to determine the exact + nature of the homage the Russians pay to the "gods"—whether they + should be called <i>images</i> or <i>pictures</i>? and whether the + Russians should be considered idolaters or not?</p> + + <p>Whenever a Russian passes a church, his custom is to cross himself + (some do so three times, accompanying it with bowing). In every room in + their houses an image (or picture) is placed in the east corner, before + which they uncover their heads and cross themselves on entering.</p> + + <p>Their churches are filled with these their representatives of the + deity, and it is very curious to observe a devout Russian kissing the toe + of one, crossing himself before another, while to another he will in + addition prostrate himself, even with his head to the ground; this latter + is also very frequently done at intervals during the celebration of their + services: but their churches are always open, so that if any one wants to + pay devotion to a particular image (or picture) while no service is going + on, he can do so.</p> + + <p>I understand that they consider they worship the deity through these + representations. In the present day these gods are called <i>obraaz</i>, + of which the literal translation is <i>image</i>. The old Sclavonic word + for them is <i>eekona</i>, which was formerly in general use, and has + exactly the same meaning, answering to the Greek word <span title="eikôn" class="grk" + >εικων</span>. As far as I can make out, + neither of these words can be translated <i>picture</i>; but I do not + remember to have found this point touched upon in any books I I have read + on Russia or its religion; and hope, if any correspondent is able to give + us farther information on the subject, he will do so.</p> + + <p>The Russians also believe in relics, in their efficacy in healing + diseases, working other miracles, &c. Notwithstanding this, a very + short time ago, a new relic was found in the south of Russia, and a + courier being immediately despatched with it to the Emperor at St. + Petersburg; on his arrival, his Imperial Majesty (expecting some + important news regarding his operations in the neighbourhood of Turkey), + when told his errand, exclaimed, "Away with the relic! it is time to put + an end to such nonsense." Would that this were to be carried out! But + their superstitions seem too deeply rooted to be done away with in a + short time.</p> + + <p class="author">J. S. A.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>LEICESTERSHIRE EPITAPHS.</h3> + + <p>Having seen only one epitaph from this county among those which have + appeared in "N. & Q.," I annex a few specimens, which you may perhaps + deem worth inserting in your pages.</p> + + <p>Burbage:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"These pretty babes, who we did love,</p> + <p>Departed from us like a dove;</p> + <p>These babes, who we did much adore,</p> + <p>Is gone, and cannot come no more."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Hinckley:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"My days on earth they were but few,</p> + <p>With fever draughts and cordials few,</p> + <p>They wasted like the morning dew."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Braunstone:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"All triumph yesterday, to-day all terror!</p> + <p>Nay, the fair morning overcast ere even:</p> + <p>Nay, one short hour saw well and dead, War's mirror</p> + <p>Having Death's swift stroke unperceived given."</p> + </div> + </div> + +<p><!-- Page 583 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page583"></a>{583}</span></p> + + <p>Another:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"An honest, prudent wife was she;</p> + <p>And was always inclin'd</p> + <p>A tender mother for to be,</p> + <p>And to her neighbours kind."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Belgrave. This I quote from memory; it may not be verbally, but it is + substantially correct:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Laurance Stetly slumbers here;</p> + <p>He lived on earth near forty year;</p> + <p>October's eight-and-twentieth day</p> + <p>His soul forsook its house of clay,</p> + <p>And thro' the pure ether took its way.</p> + <p>We hope his soul doth rest in heaven.</p> + <p class="i6">1777."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Newtown Linford, adjoining Bradgate Park. In this churchyard is a + tombstone on which is engraved only the letters of the alphabet and the + simple numerals. The story goes, that he who lies below, an illiterate + inhabitant of the village in the last century, whose name, I believe, is + now forgotten, being very anxious that, after death, a tombstone should + be erected to perpetuate his memory, and being fearful that his relatives + might neglect to do so, came to Leicester to purchase one himself. Seeing + this stone in the mason's workshop (where it was used by the workmen as a + pattern for the letters and figures), he bought it "a bargain," supposing + it would serve his purpose as well as a new one, and after his decease it + was placed at the head of his grave, where it now appears.</p> + + <p>All Saints' churchyard, Leicester. On two children of John + Bracebridge, who were both named John, and died infants:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Both John and John soon lost their lives,</p> + <p>And yet, by God, John still survives."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Throsby (<i>Hist. of Leic.</i>) relates that Bishop Thurlow, at one of + his visitations, had the words <i>by God</i> altered to <i>thro' + God</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">William Kelly.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Leicester.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>LONGFELLOW'S "REAPER AND THE FLOWERS."</h3> + + <p>On looking over, a short time ago, a book of German songs, I was much + struck by the similarity of thought, and even sometimes of expression, + between the above piece from Mr. Longfellow's <i>Voices of the Night</i>, + and a song by Luise Reichardt, a few verses of which I subjoin; as + perhaps the song may not be known to some of your correspondents.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It is a favourite theme," as Sir W. Scott says, "of laborious dulness + to trace such coincidences, because they appear to reduce genius of the + higher order to the usual standard of humanity, and of course to bring + the author nearer to a level with his critics."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is not, however, with the view of detracting from the originality + of Mr. Longfellow, that these two small pieces are put side by side; for + possibly the song alluded to was never seen by our transatlantic + neighbour, but merely for the purpose of showing how the poets treat the + same, and certainly not very novel subject.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3hg3">"DER SCHNITTER TOD.</p> + <p class="i3">(Von Luise Reichartdt.)</p> + <p class="hg3">"Es ist ein Schnitter, der heisst Tod,</p> + <p>Der hat Gestalt vom höchsten Gott.</p> + <p>Heut' wetzt er das Messer,</p> + <p>Es schneid't schon viel besser,</p> + <p>Bald wird er drein schneiden,</p> + <p>Wir müssen's nur leiden.</p> + <p class="i1">Hüte dich, schön's Blümelein!</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Was heut' noch grün und frisch dasteht,</p> + <p>Wird morgen schon hinweg gemäht;</p> + <p>Die edlen Narzissen,</p> + <p>Die Zierden der Wiesen</p> + <p>Die schön' Nyagnithen,</p> + <p>Die turkischen Binden.</p> + <p class="i1">Hüte dich, schön's Blümelein!</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Viel hundert tausend ungezählt,</p> + <p>Was nur unter die Sichel fällt:</p> + <p>Ihr Rosen, ihr Lilien,</p> + <p>Euch wird er austilgen,</p> + <p>Auch die Kaiserkronen</p> + <p>Wird er nicht verschonen,</p> + <p class="i1">Hüte dich, schön's Blümelein!</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Trotz, Tod! Komm her, ich fürcht' dich nicht!</p> + <p>Trotz, eil daher in einem Schnitt!</p> + <p>Werd' ich nur verletzet,</p> + <p>So werd' ich versetzet,</p> + <p>In den himmlischen Garten,</p> + <p>Auf den wir alle warten,</p> + <p class="i1">Freue dich, schön's Blümelein!"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">J. C. B.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>"Receipt" or "Recipe."</i>—In one of Mr. Ryle's popular + tracts, "<i>Do you pray?</i>" Wertheim and Mackintosh: London, 1853, + occurs the following expression, p. 18.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"What is the best <i>receipt</i> for happiness?"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Is the use of "receipt" for "recipe" to be admitted into the English + language?</p> + + <p class="author">W. E.</p> + + <p><i>Death of Philip III. of Spain.</i>—D'Israeli, in his + <i>Curiosities of literature</i>, states to the effect that this kings + fatal illness was induced by the overheating of a brazier, whereof state + etiquette forbad the removal until the person in regular attendance + should arrive. For this statement he quotes no authority, and + consequently <span class="sc">Mr. Bolton Corney</span>, in his + <i>Illustrations of the Curiosities of Literature</i> (2nd ed., p. 87.), + discredits the story.</p> + + <p>It is singular that <span class="sc">Mr. Corney</span> should have + forgotten that the anecdote is given by the Maréchal <!-- Page 584 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page584"></a>{584}</span>de + Bassompierre, who was at Madrid at the time of the king's death; the + Maréchal's informant was the Marquis de Pobar, <i>who was present at the + scene</i>. Is not this sufficient? (See <i>Mémoires de Bassompierre</i>, + under the date of 11th of March, 1621, vol. i. p. 548. of the edition of + Cologne, 1665.)</p> + + <p class="author">C. V.</p> + + <p><i>Churchwardens.</i>—In an old scrap-book in my possession, I + met with the following, which, should you deem it of sufficient interest, + I shall be glad to see inserted in "N. & Q." The print appears to be + about sixty or seventy years old, and evidently from a newspaper:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The institution of churchwardens is of remote antiquity, they having + been first appointed at the African Council, held under Celestine and + Boniface, about the year of our Lord 423. These officers have at + different periods been distinguished by different appellations, + <i>Defensores</i>, <i>Œconomi</i>, and <i>Præpositi Ecclesiæ</i>, + <i>Testes Synodales</i>, &c. In the time of Edward III. they were + called Church Reves, as we read in Chaucer:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'Of church reves, and of testamentes,</p> + <p>Of contractes, and of lacke of sacramentes.'</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>At this day they are called Churchwardens; all those names being + expressive of the nature of the office, which is to guard, preserve, and + superintend the rights, revenues, buildings, and furniture of the church. + In an old churchwarden's book of accounts, belonging to the parish of + Farringdon, in the county of Berks, and bearing date <span + class="scac">A.D.</span> 1518, there is the form of admitting + churchwardens into their office at that period, in the following words: + 'Cherchye Wardenys, thys shall be your charge: to be true to God and to + the cherche: for love nor for favor off no man wythin thys parriche to + withold any ryght to the cherche; but to resseve the dettys to hyt + belongythe, or else to go to the devell.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Your readers will observe that the last is a very summary kind of + sentence. Any farther information relating to the institution of + churchwardens<a name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> + will be esteemed by</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B. Whitborne.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>On the institution of churchwardens consult Burn's <i>Ecclesiastical + Law</i>, tit. Churchwardens; and the works noticed in "N. & Q.," Vol. + vii., p. 359.</p> + +</div> + <p><i>Epigram.</i>—In an old book I found this epigram, published + in 1660, more suitable perhaps for your columns during the excitement of + the Papal aggression than now:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8hg3">"<span class="scac">ON ROME.</span></p> + <p class="hg3">"Hate and debate Rome through the world hath spread,</p> + <p>Yet Roma, amor is, if backward read;</p> + <p>Then is it strange, Rome hate should foster? no,</p> + <p>For out of backward love, all hate doth grow."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Aliquis.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Edinburgh.</p> + + <p><i>Oxford Commemoration Squib</i>, 1849.—The following <i>jeu + d'esprit</i> was circulated in Oxford at the Commemoration in 1849; it + created a great sensation at the time, from its clever allusion to the + political changes on the other side of the channel, and, I think, + deserves to be rescued from oblivion by a place in the columns of "N. + & Q.:"</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">"LIBERTY! FRATERNITY! EQUALITY!</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Citizen Academicians,</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"The cry of Reform has been too long unheard. Our infatuated rulers + refused to listen to it. The term of their tyranny is at length + accomplished. The Vice-Chancellor has fled on horseback. The Proctors + have resigned their usurped authority. The Scouts have fraternised with + the friends of liberty. The University is no more. A Republican Lyceum + will henceforth diffuse light and civilisation. The hebdomadal board is + abolished. The Legislative Powers will be entrusted to a General + Convention of the whole Lyceum. A Provisional Government has been + established. The undersigned citizens have nobly devoted themselves to + the task of administration.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>(Signed) "Citizen <span class="sc">Clough</span> (<i>President of the Executive Council</i>).</p> + <p class="i6"><span class="sc">Sewell</span>.</p> + <p class="i6"><span class="sc">Bossom</span> (<i>Operative</i>).</p> + <p class="i6"><span class="sc">John Conington.</span></p> + <p class="i6"><span class="sc">Wrightson.</span>"</p> + </div> + </div> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Your academical readers will appreciate the signatures.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p> + + <p><i>Professor Macgillivray.</i>—The mention by W. (Vol. viii., p. + 467.) of this lamented naturalist's posthumous work, descriptive of the + <i>Natural History of Balmoral</i>, and of its intended publication by + Prince Albert, induces me to hope that you will give insertion to the + following extract from Professor Macgillivray's <i>History of the + Molluscous Animals of Aberdeenshire</i>, &c., as showing the + character of the man, and the spirit in which he prosecuted his + researches.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The labour required for such an investigation cannot be at all + appreciated by those who have not directed their energies towards such an + object. The rocky coasts and sandy beaches of the sea, the valleys and + hills of the interior, the pastures, mossy banks, thickets, woods, rocks, + ruins, walls, ditches, pools, canals, rills, and rivers, were all to be + assiduously searched. No collections of mollusca made in the district + were known to me, nor do any of our libraries contain the works necessary + to be consulted, although that of King's College supplies some of great + value. In a situation so remote from the great centres of civilisation, + the solution of doubts is often difficult of attainment, and there is + always a risk of describing as new what may already have been entered + into the long catalogue of known objects. But the pleasure of continually + adding to one's knowledge, the sympathy of friends, the invigorating + influence of the many ramblings required, the delight of aiding others in + the same pursuits, and many other circumstances, amply suffice to carry + one through greater difficulties than those alluded to, even should the + sneers of the <!-- Page 585 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page585"></a>{585}</span>ignorantly-wise, or the frowns of the + pompously-grave, be directed toward the unconscious wight, who, immersed + in mud, gropes with the keenness of a money-gatherer, for the to them + insignificant objects, which have exercised the wisdom and the providence + of the glorious Creator."—Preface, p. 10.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Macray.</span></p> + + <p><i>Manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas.</i>—Some of the + newspapers, having stated that the concluding Latin words in this + manifesto—"Domine in te speravi, ne confundar in eternum"—are + from the Psalms, I beg to say that these words are not taken from the + Scriptures of either Testament, nor from the Apocrypha; but constitute + the last verse of the "Te Deum," commencing, "We acknowledge thee to be + the Lord," and ending, "O Lord, in thee have I trusted, let me never be + confounded." It is usual to sing "Te Deum" after victories, but Nicholas + begins his song <i>before</i> he achieves one: taking the <i>last</i> + verse <i>first</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Lichfield.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>WILLIAM COOKWORTHY, THE INVENTOR OF BRITISH +PORCELAIN.</h3> + + <p>In endeavouring to revive the neglected memory of this good and great + man, I have carefully looked over the chief periodicals of his day (1730 + to 1780) with very little success; perhaps because those I have at + command, the <i>Gentleman's Magazine</i>, <i>Universal Magazine</i>, and + <i>Universal Museum</i>, were not those selected for his + correspondence.</p> + + <p>If any of your readers can refer me to any papers or essays of his, or + any details of the internal management of his China works, or of his + public or private life, it will be doing me a great favour.</p> + + <p>What I have hitherto collected are chiefly fragmentary accounts of his + life and character; general notices of his discovery of the China clay + and stone, of the progress of his manufactory, and of his treatment of + British cobalt ores; details of his experiments on the distillation of + sea-water for use on ship-board; a treatise in detail on the divining + rod; and several of his private letters, chiefly religious.</p> + + <p>Most of these I have thrown out in print, under the title of <i>Relics + of William Cookworthy, &c.</i>, which I am desirous of making much + more complete.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Prideaux.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>CATHOLIC FLORAL DIRECTORIES, ETC.</h3> + + <p>More than a year ago (Vol. vi., p. 503.) I made a Query respecting + Catholic Floral Directories, and two works in particular which were + largely quoted in Mr. Oakley's <i>Catholic Florist</i>, Lond. 1851; and I + again alluded to them in Vol. vii., p. 402., but have not got any reply. + The two works referred to, viz. the <i>Anthologia Borealis et + Australis</i>, and the <i>Florilegium Sanctorum Aspirationum</i>, are not + to be heard of anywhere (so far as I can see) save in Mr. Oakley's book. + During the last year I have ransacked all the bibliographical authorities + I could lay hold of, and made every inquiry after these mysterious + volumes, but all in vain.</p> + + <p>The orthography and style of the passages cited are of a motley kind, + and most of them read like modern compositions, though here and there we + have a quaint simile and a piece of antique spelling. In fact they seem + more like imitations than anything else; and I cannot resist the + temptation of placing them on the same shelf with M‘Pherson's + <i>Ossian</i> and the poems of Rowley. In some places a French version of + the <i>Florilegium</i> is quoted: even if that escaped one's researches, + is it likely that two old English books (which these purport to be), of + such a remarkable kind, should be unknown to all our bibliographers, and + to the readers of "N. & Q.," among whom may be found the chief + librarians and bibliographers in the three kingdoms. Is it not strange + also that Mr. Oakley and his "compiler" decline giving any information + respecting these books?</p> + + <p>I shall feel extremely obliged to any correspondent who will clear up + this matter, and who will furnish me with a list of Catholic Floral + Directories.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eirionnach.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>GEORGE ALSOP.</h3> + + <p>George Alsop was ordained deacon 1666-67, priest 1669, by Henry King, + Bishop of Chichester. He printed in 1669—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"An Orthodox Plea for the Sanctuary of God, Common Service, and White + Robe of the House. Printed for the Author, and sold by R. Reynolds, at + the Sun and Bible in the Postern."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>It is a small 8vo. of eighty-six pages, exclusive of the dedication to + the Bishop of Chichester, and an Epistle to the Reader, and has a + portrait of the author by W. Sherwin.</p> + + <p>Can any of your readers give me any account of this George Alsop, his + preferment, if any, and the time of his death?</p> + + <p>He is, I feel persuaded, a different person from the author of <i>A + Character of Maryland</i>, 12mo., 1666.</p> + + <p class="author">P. B.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>B. L. M.</i>—What is the meaning of the abbreviation B. L. M. + in Italian epistolary correspondence? I have reason to believe that it is + used <!-- Page 586 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page586"></a>{586}</span>where some degree of acquaintance exists, + but not in addressing an entire stranger. In a correspondence now before + me, one of the writers, an Italian gentleman, uses it in the subscription + to <i>every one</i> of his letters, <i>except the first</i>, thus:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Ho l'honore d' essere col piu profondo rispetto B. L. M.</p> + <p class="i12">Il di Lei Umiliss. Dev. Servo."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Frattanto la prego di volermi credere nella piu ampla estentione del termine B. L. M.</p> + <p class="i12">Il di Lei Ubb<sup>o</sup>. ed Obligato Servitore."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>I need not add more examples. There is nothing in Graglia's + <i>Collection of Italian Letters</i> that explains it.</p> + + <p class="author">J. W. T.</p> + + <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p> + + <p><i>Member of Parliament electing himself.</i>—In the + biographical notices of the author of an <i>Inquiry into the Rise and + Growth of the Royal Prerogative in England</i>, 1849, I find the + following curious circumstances:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The writ for election (of a member for the county of Bute) was + transmitted to the sheriff, Mr. M‘Leod Bannatine, afterwards Lord + Bannatine. He named the day, and issued his precept for the election. + When the day of election arrived, Mr. Bannatine was the only freeholder + present. As freeholder he voted himself chairman of the meeting; as + sheriff he produced the writ and receipt for election, read the writ and + the oaths against bribery at elections; as sheriff he administered the + oaths of supremacy, &c., to himself as chairman; he signed the oaths + as chairman and as sheriff; as chairman he named the clerk to the + meeting, and called over the roll of freeholders; he proposed the + candidate and declared him elected; he dictated and signed the minutes of + election; as sheriff he made an indenture of election between himself as + sheriff and himself as chairman, and transmitted it to the crown + office."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of your correspondents furnish me with a similar case?</p> + + <p class="author">H. M.</p> + + <p class="address">Peckham.</p> + + <p>"<i>Suaviter in modo, fortiter in re.</i>"—This rule is strongly + recommended by Lord Chesterfield in one of his letters, as + "unexceptionably useful and necessary in every part of life." Whence is + it taken, and who is its author?</p> + + <p class="author">J. W. T.</p> + + <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p> + + <p><i>Jacobite Garters.</i>—Can any of your readers inform me of + the origin of the "rebel garters," a pair of which I possess, and which + have been carefully handed down with other Stuart relics by my Jacobin + fathers?</p> + + <p>They are about 4 feet long, and 1¼ inch deep, of silk woven in the + loom; the pattern consists of a stripe of red, yellow, and blue, once + repeated, and arranged so that the two blue lines meet in the centre. At + each end, for about six or seven inches, and at spaces set at regular + intervals, these lines of colour are crossed, so as to form a check or + tartan; the spaces corresponding with the words in the following + inscription, and one word being allotted to each space:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Come lett us with one heart agree</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>and it is continued on the other:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>To pray that God may bless P. C.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The tartan, however, does not appear to be the "Royal Stuart."</p> + + <p>Probably they were distributed to the friends and adherents of poor + Prince Charles Edward, to commemorate some special event in his ill-fated + career. But it would be interesting to know if many of them remain, and, + if possible, their correct history.</p> + + <p class="author">E. L. I.</p> + + <p><i>Daughters taking their Mothers' Names.</i>—Can any of your + readers favour me with any instances, about the time of the first, + second, and third Edwards, of a daughter adding to her own name that of + the mother, as Alicia, daughter of Ada, &c.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Buriensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>General Fraser.</i>—Have there been any <i>Life</i> or + <i>Memoirs</i> ever published of General Fraser, who fell in Burgoyne's + most disastrous campaign? If any such exist I should be glad to know of + them.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p><i>A Punning Divine.</i>—Wanted the whereabouts of the following + sentence, which is said to be taken from a volume of sermons published + during the reign of James I.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"This <i>dial</i> shows that we must <i>die all</i>; yet + notwithstanding, <i>all houses</i> are turned into <i>ale houses</i>; our + <i>cares</i> into <i>cates</i>; our <i>paradise</i> into a <i>pair o' + dice</i>; <i>matrimony</i> into a <i>matter of money</i>, and + <i>marriage</i> into a <i>merry age</i>; our <i>divines</i> have become + <i>dry vines</i>; it was not so in the days of <i>Noah</i>,—O + no!"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Malta.</p> + + <p><i>Contango.</i>—A technical term in use among the sharebrokers + of Liverpool, and I presume elsewhere, signifying a sum of money paid for + accommodating either a buyer or seller by carrying the engagement to pay + money or deliver shares over to the next account-day. Can your + correspondents say from whence derived?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Agmond.</span></p> + + <p><i>Pedigree to the Time of Alfred.</i>—Wapshott, a blacksmith in + Chertsey, holds lands held by his ancestors temp. Alfred + (M‘Culloch's <i>Highlands</i>, vol. iv. p. 410.). Can this + statement be confirmed in 1853?</p> + + <p class="author">A. C.</p> + + <p>"<i>Service is no inheritance.</i>"—Will you or any of your + readers have the goodness to inform me <!-- Page 587 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page587"></a>{587}</span>what is the origin of + the adage occurring twice in the <i>Waverley Novels</i>, thus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Service, I wot, is no inheritance now-a-days; some are wiser than + other some," &c. (See <i>Peveril of the Peak</i>, chap. xiv.)</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>and</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Ay, St. Ronan's, that is a' very true,—but service is nae + inheritance, and as for friendship it begins at hame."—<i>St. + Ronan's Well</i>, chap. x.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I have seen a stone in an old building in the north of Scotland, with + the following inscription, cut in letters of an ancient form: "Be gude in + office, or (or perhaps 'for,' part of the stone being here broken off) + servitude is no inheritance to none." And I am curious to know the origin + of this proverb, so similar to that put by Sir Walter Scott in the mouths + of two of his homely characters; the one English and the other Scotch. An + answer will very much oblige</p> + + <p class="author">G. M. T.</p> + + <p class="address">Edinburgh.</p> + + <p><i>Antiquity of Fire-irons.</i>—In an old book, published 1660, + I met with the following couplet:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The burnt child dreads the fire; if this be true,</p> + <p>Who first invented tongs its fury knew."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Query, When were fire-irons first used?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Aliquis.</span></p> + + <p><i>General Wolfe at Nantwich.</i>—I observe in the pamphlet + entitled <i>Historical Facts connected with Nantwich and its + Neighbourhood</i>, lately referred to in "N. & Q.," it is stated that + according to local tradition General Wolfe, the hero of Quebec, may in + his boyhood have lived in the Yew Tree House, near Stoke Hall. Now as + this brave warrior was a native of Kent, it is scarcely probable he would + have been a visitor at the house alluded to, unless he had relatives who + resided there. Is he known to have had any family connexion in that + quarter, since the fact of his having had such, if established, would + tend to confirm the traditionary statement respecting his domicile at the + Yew Tree House?</p> + + <p class="author">T. P. L.</p> + + <p class="address">Manchester.</p> + + <p><i>"Corporations have no Souls," &c.</i>—It was once + remarked that public corporations, companies, &c. do harsh things + compared with what individuals can venture to do, the fact being that + they have neither noses to be pulled nor souls to be saved; you have no + hold upon them either in this world or the next.</p> + + <p class="author">B.</p> + + <p><i>Leeming Family.</i>—A member of the Society of Friends, named + Thomas Leeming, lived at or near Wighton in the Wolds, in the East Riding + of Yorkshire, between the years 1660 and 1670. What were the dates of his + birth and death? what were the names of his parents, his brothers, and + his children? did any of them leave their native country? and how would a + letter from the inquirer reach a descendant of the family, who could + furnish farther information on the subject? An answer to the whole or + part of the above Queries will much oblige the undersigned.</p> + + <p class="author">W.</p> + + <p><i>MS. Poems and Songs.</i>—In the third volume of <span + class="sc">Mr. Payne Collier's</span> invaluable <i>History Of English + Dramatic Poetry</i>, p. 275., it is stated,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Mr. Thorpe, of Bedford Street, is in possession of a MS. full of + songs and poems, in the handwriting of a person of the name of Richard + Jackson, all copied prior to the year 1631, and including many + unpublished pieces by a variety of celebrated poets."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Can any of the contributors to "N. & Q." oblige P. C. S. S. by + informing him where this MS. now exists, and whether the whole, or any + portion of it, has been published?</p> + + <p class="author">P. C. S. S.</p> + + <p><i>Bishop Watson.</i>—In a lecture delivered by this bishop at + Cambridge, he gave the following quotation:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Scire ubi aliquid invenire posses, ea demum maxima pars eruditionis est."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Will any of your readers inform me whence the passage is taken?</p> + + <p class="author">G.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p><i>Herbert's "Memoirs of the Last Years of Charles I."</i>—Can + any of your correspondents inform me under what title and at what date + Sir Thomas Herbert's <i>Narrative of the Last Years of Charles I.</i> was + published? I have at present in my possession what appears to be the + original MS., and am desirous of comparing it with the printed copy. The + MS. bears the title of <i>Carolina Threnodia: a Plain and very Particular + Narrative of what happened in the Last Years of King Charles the + First</i>, by Sir Thomas Herbert, an eye and ear witness. Its opening + pages contain a reference to other letters on the same subject of an + earlier date (May 1 and 13, 1678). Were these letters ever published, + under what title, and when?</p> + + <p class="author">J. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Prestwich.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[This work has already been incidentally noticed in our Second Volume, + pp. 140. 220. and 476.; and in Vol. iii., p. 157. Two editions of + Herbert's Memoirs have been published; the first in 1702, and the second + in 1813. The edition of 1702 is the best, as it contains an + "Advertisement to the Reader," and several documents omitted in the + edition published by G. and W. Nicol of Pall Mall in 1813. The following + is the title to it:—</p> + + <p>"Memoirs of the Two last Years of the Reign of that unparallel'd + Prince, of ever-blessed Memory, King Charles I. By Sir Tho. Herbert, + Major Huntington, <!-- Page 588 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page588"></a>{588}</span>Col. Edw. Coke, and Mr. Hen. Firebrace. + With the Character of that Blessed Martyr, by the Reverend Mr. John + Diodati, Mr. Alexander Henderson, and the Author of the <i>Princely + Pelican</i>. To which is added, the Death-Bed Repentance of Mr. Lenthal, + Speaker of the Long Parliament; extracted out of a Letter written from + Oxford, Sept. 1662. London: printed for Robert Clavell, at the Peacock, + at the West-end of St. Paul's, 1702,"</p> + + <p>The "Advertisement to the Reader" states that, "there having been of + late years several Memoirs printed and published relating to the life and + actions of the Royal Martyr, King Charles I., of ever-blessed memory, it + was judged a proper and seasonable time to publish Sir Thomas Herbert's + <i>Carolina Threnodia</i>, under the title of his <i>Memoirs</i>, there + being contained in this book the most material passages of the two last + years of the life of that excellent and unparallel'd prince, which were + carefully observ'd and related by the author in a large answer of a + letter wrote to him by Sir William Dugdale. In the same book is printed + Major Huntington's relation made to Sir William of sundry particulars + relating to the King; as also Colonel Edw. Coke's and Mr. Henry + Firebrace's narratives of several memorable passages observed by them + during their attendance on him at Newport, in the Isle of Wight, anno + '48. All these were copied from a MS. of the Right Reverend the Bishop of + Ely, lately deceased; and, as I am credibly informed, a copy of the + several originals is now to be seen amongst the Dugdale MSS. in Oxford + library. To these Memoirs are added two or three small tracts, which give + some account of the affairs of those times, of the character of K. + Charles I., and of his just claim and title to his <i>Divine + Meditations</i>. These having been printed anno 1646, 48, 49, and very + scarce and difficult to procure, were thought fit to be reprinted for + publick service. As to the letter which gives an account of Mr. Lenthal's + carriage and behaviour on his death-bed, it was printed anno 1662, and + the truth of it attested by the learned Dr. Dickenson, now living in St. + Martin's Lane.... This I thought fit to advertise the reader of, by way + of introduction, that he might be satisfied of the genuineness of the + respective pieces, and thereby be encouraged to peruse them with + confidence and assurance."]</p> + +</div> + + <p>"<i>Liturgy of the Ancients.</i>"—Who was the author of a thin + 4to. book entitled <i>The Liturgy of the Ancients represented, as near as + may be, in English Forms, &c.</i>, "London, printed for the Authour, + 1696." He added to it "A Proposal of a compleat work of Charity."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. G. Lomax.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Lichfield.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Edward Stephens is the author of this Liturgy, who describes himself + as "late of Cherington, co. Gloucester, sometime barrister-at-law of the + Hon. Society of the Middle Temple, and since engaged, by a very special + Divine Providence, in the most sacred employment." He farther informs us, + that "when it pleased God to discharge him from the civil service, his + first business in public was a gentle and tacit admonition of the neglect + of the most solemn and peculiar Christian worship of God in this nation; + accompanied by such public acts in the very heart of the chief city, as + made it a most remarkable witness and testimony against them who would + not receive it, but rejected the counsel and favour of God towards them." + Stephens's Liturgy has been republished by the Rev. Peter Hall, in his + <i>Fragmenta Liturgica</i>, vol. ii., who thus notices the + author:—"Stephens was the leader of a class by no means + contemptible, though himself as odd a mixture of gravity and scurrility, + learning and trifling, pietism that could stoop to anything, and + liberalism that stuck at nothing, as English theology affords." Some + account of Edward Stephens will be found in Leslie's <i>Letter concerning + the New Separation</i>, 1719; and in <i>An Answer to a Letter from the + Rev. C. Leslie, concerning what he calls the New Separation</i>, 1719. + Stephens advocated the practice of daily communion.]</p> + +</div> + + <p>"<i>Ancient hallowed Dee.</i>"—What is the historical, + traditional, or legendary allusion in this epithet, bestowed by Milton on + the river Dee?</p> + + <p class="author">J. W. T.</p> + + <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[Dee's divinity was Druidical. From the same superstition, some rivers + in Wales are still held to have the gift or virtue of prophecy. Giraldus + Cambrensis, who wrote in 1188, is the first who mentions Dee's sanctity + from the popular traditions. In Spenser, this river is the haunt of + magicians:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Dee, which Britons long ygone</p> + <p>Did call <span class="scac">DIVINE</span>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And Browne, in his <i>Britannia's Pastorals</i>, book ii. § 5., + says,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Never more let <span class="scac">HOLY</span> Dee,</p> + <p class="i1">Ore other rivers brave," &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Much superstition was founded on the circumstance of its being the + ancient boundary between England and Wales; and Drayton, in his tenth + Song, having recited this part of its history, adds, that by changing its + fords it foretold good or evil, war or peace, dearth or plenty, to either + country. He then introduces the Dee, over which King Edgar had been rowed + by eight kings, relating to the story of Brutus. See more on this subject + in Warton's note to line 55. in Milton's <i>Lycidas</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Now yet where Deva spreads her wizard stream."</p> + +</blockquote> + +</div> + + <p><i>Who was True Blue?</i>—In the churchyard of Little Brickhill, + Bucks, is a table monument bearing the following inscriptions:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Here lieth y<sup>e</sup> body of <i>True Blue</i>, who departed this + life January y<sup>e</sup> 17th, 1724-5, aged 57. Also y<sup>e</sup> body + of Eleanor, y<sup>e</sup> wife of <i>True Blue</i>, who departed this + life January 21st, 1722-3, ageed (sic) 59."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Who was "True Blue?" If it were not for his wife Eleanor, one would + take him to be some kin to "Eclipse" or "Highflyer." Lysons makes no + mention of such a person; nor, I am assured by a friend who has made the + search for me, does Lipscomb; although another friend referred me there + under the conviction that he was not only named, but that his history was + given. The kind <!-- Page 589 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page589"></a>{589}</span>of tombstone is sufficient to show that he + was a person of some property, and yet he has not only no "Esq." affixed + to his name, but it is without the prefix "Mr." One can scarcely doubt + that the name is not a real one. Browns, Blacks, Whites, and Greens there + are in abundance, but nobody ever heard of a "Blue;" nor, so far as I + know, did anybody ever christen his child "True." Yet what could have + been the incidents of a life that required the fiction to be carried even + to the grave?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. J. De Wilde.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The foregoing monumental inscription is given in Lipscomb's + <i>Bucks</i>, vol. iv. p. 76., to which is subjoined the following + note:—"The singularity of this name has occasioned much curiosity; + but no information can be obtained besides that of <i>True Blue</i> + having been a stranger, who settled here, and acquired some property, + which after his decease was disposed of. It has been conjectured that he + lived here under a feigned name. One Hercules True, about 1645, kept a + house at Windsor, to which deer-stealers were accustomed to resort; and + he uttered violent threats against a person, whose son, having been + killed in attempting to resist the deer-stealers in the Great Park, + Thomas Shemonds prosecuted the murderers, and True declared he would + knock his brains out, and is believed to have afterwards absconded."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Charge of Plagiarism against Paley.</i>—Has any reply been + made to the accusation against Paley, brought forward some years ago in + <i>The Athenæum</i>? It was stated (and apparently proved) that his + <i>Natural Theology</i> was merely a translation of a Dutch work, the + name of whose author has escaped my recollection. I suppose the + archdeacon would have defended this shameful plagiarism on his favourite + principle of expediency. It seems to me, however, that it is high time + that either the accusation be refuted, or the culprit consigned to that + contempt as a man which he deserved as a moralist.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Fiat Justitia.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[We have frequently had to complain of the loose manner in which + Queries are sometimes submitted to our readers for solution. Here is a + specimen. The communication above involves two other Queries, which + should have been settled before it had been forwarded to us, namely, 1. + In what volume of the <i>Athenæum</i> is the accusation against Paley + made? and, 2. What is the title of the Dutch work supposed to be pirated? + After pulling down six volumes of the <i>Athenæum</i>, we discovered that + the charge against Paley appeared at p. 803. of the one for the year + 1848, and that the work said to be pirated was written by Dr. Bernard + Nieuwentyt of Holland, and published at Amsterdam about the year 1700. It + was translated into English, under the title of <i>The Religious + Philosopher</i>, 3 vols. 8vo., 1718-19. The charge against Paley has been + ably and satisfactorily discussed in the same volume of the + <i>Athenæum</i> (see pp. 907. 933.), and at the present time we have + neither "ample room nor verge enough" to re-open the discussion in our + pages.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Weber's</i> "<i>Cecilia.</i>"—Can you inform me whether a + work by Gottfried Weber, entitled <i>Cecilia</i>, is to be had in English + or in French? I find it constantly referred to in the said Weber's work + on the <i>Theory of Musical Composition</i>, and in Müller's + <i>Physiology</i>.</p> + + <p>For any information you can give me on the subject I shall feel much + indebted.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Philharmonicus.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Dublin.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[<i>Cæcilia</i> is a musical art journal published in Germany, and is + thus noticed at page 12. of Warner's edition of Godfrey Weber's <i>Theory + of Musical Composition</i>:—"Since 1824 we have been laid under + great obligations to our distinguished mathematician and writer on + acoustics, Professor <i>W.</i> Weber, for most interesting developments + on all these points, which he has arranged into an article in the journal + <i>Cæcilia</i>, vol. xii., expressly for musicians and musical instrument + manufacturers."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Andrew Johnson.</i>—In the character of Samuel Johnson, as + drawn by Murphy, there is the remark, "Like his uncle Andrew in the ring + at Smithfield, Johnson, in a circle of disputants, was determined neither + to be thrown or conquered." Other allusions are made, in Boswell's + <i>Life</i>, to this uncle having "kept the ring," but I cannot find out + who he could have been. There was a noted bruiser, Tom Johnson; but + certainly he was not the person in question. I shall be glad if any of + your readers can inform me who this "Uncle Andrew" was, and what + authority there is for believing that he was a pugilistic champion of + note.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Pugillus.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[In the <i>Variorum Boswell</i>, i. e. Croker's ed., 1847, p. 198., + <span class="sc">Pugillus</span> will find a note by the editor, stating + that Dr. Johnson told Mrs. Piozzi that his uncle Andrew "for a whole year + kept the ring at Smithfield, where they wrestled and boxed, and never was + thrown or conquered."]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>MS. by Glover.</i>—Can <span class="sc">Mr. Bolton + Corney</span>, or <span class="sc">Mr. R. Sims</span>, inform me whether + the Lansdowne MS. 205. is in Glover's handwriting?</p> + + <p class="author">H. M.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[This volume (Lansdowne, 205.) contains twenty-six articles in + different hands. Art. 3. contains <i>pedigrees by Glover in his own + hand</i>. See MS. Harl. 807., and an autograph letter in MS. Cot., Titus + B. vii. fol. 14.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>Gurney's Short-hand.</i>—Can any of your correspondents + inform me if there have been any alterations in this system of short-hand + since 1802? Also, if it be now much used?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. O'Sullivan.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Ballymenagh.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[This well-known system of short-hand is certainly still in + use,—in fact, is that employed at the present time by the Gurneys, + who are the appointed short-hand writers to the Houses of Lords and + Commons.]</p> + +</div> + +<p><!-- Page 590 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page590"></a>{590}</span></p> + + <p><i>Spurious Don Quixote.</i>—What English and French versions + are there of the spurious continuation of <i>Don Quixote</i> by + Avellaneda?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">V. T. Sternberg.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[A notice of the English translations is given in Lowndes's <i>Bib. + Man.</i>, vol. i. p. 374., art. Cervantes. Consult also Ebert's <i>Bibl. + Dict.</i>, vol. i. p. 299., for the French translations.]</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>PRONUNCIATION OF HEBREW NAMES AND WORDS +IN THE BIBLE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 469.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondent does not, of course, inquire what is the proper + Hebrew pronunciation of the several <i>letters</i>, but rather what is + the accented syllable in each word. To pronounce in a manner nearly + approaching to the Hebrew might make the congregation stare, but would + appear very pedantic to a learned ear. The safest mode is to examine the + Greek of the Septuagint, <span class="correction" title="Original reads `not', corrected by errata in Issue 217." + >or</span> of the New Testament (if the reader does not understand + Hebrew), and observe the place of the acute accent. On that place, if it + be on the penultimate or antepenultimate, the accent should be laid in + English. But if the accent be on the last syllable, though it is strictly + right to place it there also in English, it is not worth while to do so, + for fear of making hearers talk about a strange sound, instead of + attending to the service. It will be safer to accent the penultimate in + dissyllables, and the antepenultimate in trisyllables, which in the Greek + are acutitones; in fact, to pronounce, as all clergymen used to + pronounce, until a pedantic and ignorant practice arose of lengthening, + or rather accenting, every syllable in the penultimate, which had or was + supposed to have a long quantity in Greek. Hence the comparatively new + habit of pronouncing <span title="Sabaôth" class="grk" + >Σαβαώθ</span>, <span + title="Zaboulôn" class="grk" + >Ζαβουλών</span>, <span + title="sabachthani" class="grk" + >σαβαχθανί</span>, <span + title="Akeldama" class="grk" + >Ακελδαμά</span>, with a + strong accent on the penultima; whereas the old-fashioned way of + accenting the antepenultima makes no one stare, and is a much nearer + approach to the true pronunciation. There is a curious inconsistency in + the common way of reading, in English, <span title="Samareia" class="grk" + >Σαμαρεια</span> and <span + title="Kaisareia" class="grk" + >Καισαρεια</span>. + Samarīa is decidedly a Greek word; but yet, in this word, it is + usual to accent the antepenultima. Cesarĕa is decidedly a Latin + word Græcised, and yet it is usual to read this with an accent on the + <span class="correction" title="Original reads `antepenultima', corrected by errata in Issue 217." + >penultima</span>. I never observed any of those who read Sabáoth, + Zabúlon, and sabachtháni, read either Samaría or Cesárea. The Greek + accents on Hebrew words always accord, as Hebraists know, with the tonic + accent in that language.</p> + + <p class="author">E. C. H.</p> + + <p>As a contribution to the desirable object of settling the + pronunciation of the words mentioned, the following representation of + their pronunciation in the originals is offered. The vowels are to be + read as in Italian, the <i>th</i> as in English, and the <i>hh</i> as + <i>ch</i> in German:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>Hebrew. Sabaoth = tsĭ-vā-ō<span class="x1"><span + class="x5">´</span></span>th.</p> + + <p>Hebrew. [The] Moriah = [hăm-]mō<span class="x1"><span + class="x5">´</span></span>-rī-yā<span class="x1"><span + class="x5">´</span></span>h.</p> + + <p>Syriac. Aceldama = hhĭ-kă<span class="x1"><span + class="x5">´</span></span>l-dĭ-mā<span class="x1"><span + class="x5">´</span></span>.</p> + + <p>Syro-Chaldee. Eli Eli lamma sabachthani = ē-lī<span + class="x1"><span class="x5">´</span></span> ēlī<span + class="x1"><span class="x5">´</span></span> lăm-mā<span + class="x1"><span class="x5">´</span></span> să-bă<span + class="x1"><span class="x5">´</span></span>hh-tă-nī<span + class="x1"><span class="x5">´</span></span>, as in Matthew; or + ĕ-lō<span class="x1"><span + class="x5">´</span></span>-hī, as in Mark.</p> + + <p>Chaldee. Abednego = ă-véd nĭ-gō<span + class="x1"><span class="x5">´</span></span>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The <i>conventional</i> pronunciation given by Walker is perhaps best + adapted to English ears, which would be quite repulsed by an attempt to + restore the ancient pronunciation of such familiar words, for instance, + as Jacob, Isaac, Job, and Jeremiah.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Lichfield.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>LORD HALIFAX AND CATHERINE BARTON.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 429. 543.)</p> + + <p>One has some doubt, in reading <span class="sc">Professor De + Morgan's</span> article on the above subject, what inference is to be + drawn from it. If it is to prove a private marriage between Halifax and + Mrs. Barton, on the strength of the date on the watch at the Royal + Society being falsified, it is a failure. I have examined that watch + since <span class="sc">Professor De Morgan</span> published his Note, and + can testify most decidedly that, if anything, the inscription is older + than the case, nor is there a vestige of anything like unfair alteration; + and any one accustomed to engraving would arrive at the same conclusion. + The outside case is beautifully chased in Louis Quatorze style: but the + inner case, on which the inscription is graven, has no need of such + elaborate work, nor is such work ever introduced on the inside of + watches; they are invariably smooth.</p> + + <p>And all that is noticeable in the present instance is, that the + writing has lost the sharpness of the graver by use, or returning it into + its case; or more probably the case has not been used at all, being + cumbersome and set aside as a curious work of art, which indeed it + is.</p> + + <p>The date on the watch is 1708, and <span class="sc">Professor De + Morgan</span> states that Mrs. Barton was married in 1718; the watch + therefore denies this; but when she married Conduit ought, if possible, + to be found out by register, which might prove the watch date untrue; but + the watch declares she was Mrs. Conduit in 1708. She was then of course + twenty-eight years of age: thus we come to a <!-- Page 591 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page591"></a>{591}</span>plainer conclusion that + when she lived with Halifax, or whatever other arrangement they made, a + position which is said to have occurred between 1700 and the time of + Halifax's death in 1715, she was really Mrs. Conduit, and not Catherine + Barton. And thus we are brought to think that if there is any private + marriage in the case, it is between the lady and Mr. Conduit; at all + events she went back to her husband, if the watch is true.</p> + + <p>As to an apology for Newton, I look upon it in a very different light: + first, I should say he had no clear right to interfere in the matter, as + the lady was married; and supposing he had, he could have done no more + than expostulate. He lived in a world of his own studies, and did not + choose to be interrupted by quarrels and scandals. And it is certainly a + proper addition to say, that the public morals of that age are not to be + judged by the present standard. All these account very well for Newton's + silence on the subject; but to settle the matter, some search might be + made in the registers of the parishes where they resided, in order that + the subject may be fully explained.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Weld Taylor.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii. pp. 64. 153. 472.)</p> + + <p>In the famous <i>Rouen Missal</i>, called St. Guthlac's book, is the + following inscription in the handwriting of Robert, Bishop of London, and + afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, who was formerly head of the + monastery of Jumièges, to which the book belonged, and where, in 1053, he + died:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Quem si quis vi vel dolo seu quoquo modo isti loco subtraxerit, animæ + suæ propter quod fecerit detrimentum patiatur, atque de libro viventium + deleatur, et cum justis non scribatur."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>John Grollier had on all his books inscribed:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Portio mea, domine, sit in terra viventium;"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>and underneath:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Io. Grollierii et Amicorum."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Henry de Rantzan wrote a decree for his library, of which here is the + fulminatory clause:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Libros partem ne aliquam abstulerit,</p> + <p>Extraxerit, clepserit, rapserit,</p> + <p>Concerpserit, corruperit,</p> + <p class="i8">Dolo malo,</p> + <p>Illico maledictus,</p> + <p>Perpetuo execrabilis,</p> + <p>Semper detestabilis,</p> + <p class="i8">Esto, maneto."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>See Dibdin's bibliographical works.</p> + + <p class="author">J. S.</p> + + <p class="address">Norwich.</p> + + <p>The two following are copied from the <i>originals</i> written in the + fly-leaf of Brathwayte's <i>Panedone, or Health from Helicon</i>, pub. + 1621, in my possession:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">1.</p> + <p class="hg3">"Whose book I am if you would know,</p> + <p>In letters two I will you show:</p> + <p>The first is J, the most of might,</p> + <p>The next is M, in all men's sight;</p> + <p>Join these two letters discreetly,</p> + <p>And you will know my name thereby.</p> + <p class="i12"><span class="sc">Jas. Morrey.</span>"</p> + </div> + </div> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i8">2.</p> + <p class="hg3">"Philip Morrey is my name,</p> + <p>And with my pen I write the same;</p> + <p>Tho' had such pen been somewhat better,</p> + <p>I could have mended every letter."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cestriensis.</span></p> + + <p>On the fly-leaf of <i>Theophila, or Love's Sacrifice</i>, a divine + poem by E. B., Esq., London, 1652, I find the following rare morsel:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3hg3">"<span class="sc">Mr. James Tinker</span>,</p> + <p>Rector of St. Andrews, Droitwich.</p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Father Tinker, when you are dead,</p> + <p>Great parts a long wir you are fled,</p> + <p>O that they wor conferred on mee,</p> + <p>Which would ad unto God's glory."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>The subject of the above laudation flourished in the early part of the + last century.</p> + + <p>In a Geneva Bible, date 1596:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Thomas Haud: his booke:</p> + <p>God giue him grace theare on to looke:</p> + <p>And if my pen it had bin better,</p> + <p>I would haue mend it euery letter.</p> + <p class="i6">1693."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. C. Warde.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Kidderminster.</p> + + <p><i>German Book Inscription.</i>—You have not yet, I think, had a + German book-inscription: allow me to send you the following out of an old + <i>Faust</i>, bought last year at Antwerp:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i1hg3">"Dieses Buch ist mir lieb,</p> + <p class="i1">Wer es stielt ist ein Dieb;</p> + <p>Mag er heissen Herr oder Knecht,</p> + <p>Hängen ist sein verdientes Recht."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Underneath is the usual picture of the gallows-tree and its fruit.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Iseldunensis.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h2>PRAYING TO THE WEST.</h2> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 343. &c.)</p> + + <p>The setting sun and the darkness of evening has been immemorially + connected with death, just as the rising orb and the light of morning + with life. In Sophocles (<i>Œdipus Rex</i>, 179.), Pluto is called + <span title="hesperos theos" class="grk" + >ἕσπερος + θεός</span>; and the "Oxford translation" has + the following note on the line:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In Lysia's Oration against Andocides is this passage: To expiate this + pollution (the mutilation of the <!-- Page 592 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page592"></a>{592}</span>Hermæ), the priestesses + and priests <i>turning towards the setting sun, the dwelling of the + infernal gods</i>, devoted with curses the sacrilegious wretch, and shook + their purple robes, in the manner prescribed by that law, which has been + transmitted from the earliest times."—Mitford, <i>History of + Greece</i>, ch. xxii.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Liddell and Scott consider <span title="Erebos" class="grk" + >Ἔρεβος</span> (the nether gloom) + to be derived from <span title="erephô" class="grk" + >ἐρέφω</span>, to cover; akin to <span + title="eremnos" class="grk" + >ἐρεμνός</span>, and probably also + to Hebrew <i>erev</i> or <i>ereb</i>, our <i>eve</i>-ning; and mention as + analogous the Egyptian Amenti, <i>Hades</i>, from <i>ement</i>, the west. + (Wilkinson's <i>Egyptians</i>, ii. 2. 74.)</p> + + <p>Turning to the East on solemn occasions is a practice more frequently + mentioned. There is an interesting note on the subject in the Translation + above quoted, at Œdipus Col., 477.,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<span title="choas cheasthai stanta pros prôtên heô" class="grk" + >χοὰς + χέασθαι + στάντα πρὸς + πρώτην ἕω</span>,"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>and doubtless much more may be found in the commentators. The custom, + as is well known, found its way into the Christian Church.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The primitive Christians used to assemble on the steps of the + basilica of St. Peter, to see the first rays of the rising sun, and + kneel, curvatis cervicibus in honorem splendidi orbis. (S. Leo. Serm. + VII. <i>De Nativ.</i>) The practice was prohibited, as savouring of, or + leading to, Gentilism. (Bernino, i. 45.)"—Southey's <i>Common-Place + Book</i>, ii. 44.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The rule of Orientation, though prescribed in the Apostolic + Constitutions, never obtained in Italy, where the churches are turned + indiscriminately towards every quarter of the heaven."—<i>Quarterly + Review</i>, vol. lxxv. p. 382.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the Reformed Church in England the custom is <i>recognised</i>, as + far as the position of the material church goes. (See rubric at the + beginning of the Communion Service.) "The priest shall stand at the + <i>north side</i> of the table;" but turning eastward at the Creeds has + no sanction that I know of, but usage. (Compare Wheatly <i>On the Common + Prayer</i>, ch. ii. § 3., ch. iii. § 8.; and Williams, <i>The + Cathedral</i> ("Stanzas on the Cloisters"), xxiv.-xxviii.)</p> + + <p>The <i>rationale</i> of western paradise is given in the following + extract, with which I will conclude:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"When the stream of mankind was flowing towards the West, it is no + wonder that the weak reflux of positive information from that quarter + should exhibit only the impulses of hope and superstition. Greece was + nearly on the western verge of the world, as it was known to Homer; and + it was natural for him to give wing to his imagination as he turned + towards the dim prospects beyond.... All early writers in Greece believed + in the existence of certain regions situated in the West beyond the + bounds of their actual knowledge, and, as it appears, of too fugitive a + nature ever to be fixed within the circle of authentic geography. Homer + describes at the extremity of the ocean the Elysian plain, "where, under + a serene sky, the favourites of Jove, exempt from the common lot of + mortals, enjoy eternal felicity." Hesiod, in like manner, sets the Happy + Isles, the abode of departed heroes, beyond the deep ocean. The Hesperia + of the Greeks continually fled before them as their knowledge advanced, + and they saw the terrestrial paradise still disappearing in the + West."—Cooley's <i>History of Maritime Discov</i>., vol. i. p. 25., + quoted in Anthon's <i>Horace</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">A. A. D.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>"GREEN EYES."</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 407.)</p> + + <p>In the edition of Longfellow's <i>Poetical Works</i> published by + Routledge, 1853, the note quoted by Mr. Temple ends thus:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Dante speaks of Beatrice's eyes as <i>emeralds</i> + (<i>Purgatorio</i>, xxxi. 116.). Lami says, in his <i>Annotazioni</i>, + 'Erano i suoi occhi d' un turchino verdiccio, simile a quel del + mare.'"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>More in favour of "green eyes" is to be found in one of Gifford's + notes on his translation of the thirteenth satire of <i>Juvenal</i>. The + words in the original are:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Cærula quis stupuit Germani lumina."—<i>Juv.</i> Sat. <span + class="scac">XIII</span>. 164.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And Gifford's note is as follows:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Ver. 223 ... and <i>eyes of sapphire blue</i>?]—The people of + the south seem to have regarded, as a phenomenon, those blue eyes, which + with us are so common, and, indeed so characteristic of beauty, as to + form an indispensable requisite of every Daphne of Grub Street. Tacitus, + however, from whom Juvenal perhaps borrowed the expression, adds an + epithet to <i>cærulean</i>, which makes the common interpretation + doubtful. 'The Germans,' he says (<i>De Mor. Ger.</i> 4.), 'have + <i>truces et cærulei oculi</i>, fierce, lively blue eyes.' With us, this + colour is always indicative of a soft, voluptuous languor. What, then, if + we have hitherto mistaken the sense, and, instead of blue, should have + said sea-green? This is not an uncommon colour, especially in the north. + I have seen many Norwegian seamen with eyes of this hue, which were + invariably quick, keen, and glancing.</p> + + <p>"Shakspeare, whom nothing escaped, has put an admirable description of + them into the mouth of Juliet's nurse:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'O he's a lovely man! An eagle, madam,</p> + <p>Hath not so <i>green</i>, so quick, so fair an eye,</p> + <p>As Paris hath.'</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"Steevens, who had some glimpse of the meaning of this word, refers to + an apposite passage in <i>The Two Noble Kinsmen</i>. It is in Æmilia's + address to Diana:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">' . . . . . . Oh vouchsafe</p> + <p>With that thy rare <i>green eye</i>, which never yet</p> + <p>Beheld things maculate,' &c.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>"It is, indeed, not a little singular, that this expression should + have occasioned any difficulty to his commentators; since it occurs in + most of our old poets; <!-- Page 593 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page593"></a>{593}</span>and Drummond of Hawthornden uses it + perpetually. One instance of it may be given:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg1">'When Nature now had wonderfully wrought</p> + <p>All Auristella's parts, except her eyes:</p> + <p>To make those twins, two lamps in beauty's skies,</p> + <p>The counsel of the starry synod sought.</p> + <p>Mars and Apollo first did her advise,</p> + <p>To wrap in colours <i>black</i> those comets bright,</p> + <p>That Love him so might soberly disguise,</p> + <p>And, unperceived, wound at every sight!</p> + <p>Chaste Phœebe spake for purest <i>azure</i> dyes;</p> + <p>But Jove and Venus <i>green</i> about the light,</p> + <p>To frame, thought best, as bringing most delight,</p> + <p>That to pined hearts hope might for aye arise.</p> + <p>Nature, all said, a paradise of <i>green</i></p> + <p>Placed there, to make all love which have them seen.'"</p> + <p class="i3">Gifford's <i>Translation of Juvenal and Persius</i>,</p> + <p class="i4">3rd edition, 1817.</p> + </div> + </div> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Gifford's quotation from <i>Romeo and Juliet</i> (errors excepted) is + to be found in Act III. Sc. 5.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Forbes.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Temple.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Isabelle était un peu plus âgée que Ferdinand. Elle était petite, + mais bien faite. Ses cheveux, au moins très blonds, <i>ses yeux verts et + pleins de feu</i>, son teint un peu olivâtre, ne l'empêchaient pas + d'avoir un visage imposant et agréable. (<i>Révolutions d'Espagne</i>, + tom. iv. liv. viii.; Mariana, <i>Hist. d'Espagne</i>, tom. ii. liv. xxv.; + <i>Hist. de Ferdinand et d'Isabelle</i>, par M. l'Abbé Mignot, + &c.)"—Florian, Gonzalve de Cordoue, <i>Précis Historique sur + les Maures d'Espagne</i>, quatrième époque, note <i>i</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="scac">E. J. M.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Hastings.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE MYRTLE BEE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 173. 450.)</p> + + <p>Allow me to thank <span class="sc">C. Brown</span> for the reply he + has sent to my inquiries on this subject. I shall certainly avail myself + with pleasure of the permission he has given me to communicate with him + by letter; but before doing so, I hope you will allow me to address him + this note through the medium of your pages. The existence of the Myrtle + Bee as a distinct species has been denied by ornithologists, and as I + think the question is more likely to be set at rest by public than by + private correspondence, I trust <span class="sc">C. Brown</span> will not + consider that I am presuming too much on his kindness if I ask him to + send me farther information on the following points: What was the exact + size of the bird in question which he had in his hand? What was its size + compared with the Golden-crested Wren? Was it generally known in the + neighbourhood he mentions, and by whom was it known? By the common people + as well as others? From what source did he originally obtain the + appellation "Myrtle Bee," as applied to this bird? It has been suggested + to me that the bird seen by C. Brown may have been the Dartford Warbler + (<i>Sylvia provincialis</i>, Gmel.), wings short, tail elongated (this, + if the Myrtle Bee is the Dartford Warbler, would account for its + "miniature pheasant-like appearance"); a bird which, as we are informed + in Yarrell's <i>Hist. of British Birds</i>, 1839, vol. i. p. 311. <i>et + seq.</i>, haunts and builds among the furze on commons; flies with short + jerks; is very shy; conceals itself on the least alarm; and creeps about + from bush to bush. This description would suit the Myrtle Bee. Not so the + colour, which is chiefly greyish-black and brown; whereas the bird seen + by your correspondent was "dusky light blue." Nor again does the + description of the Dartford Warbler, "lighting for a moment on the very + point of the sprigs" of furze (vid. Yarrell <i>ut sup.</i>), coincide + with the account of the bird seen by <span class="sc">C. Brown</span>, + who "never saw one sitting or light on a branch of the myrtle, but + invariably flying from the base of one plant to that of another." In + conclusion I would venture to ask whether your correspondent's memory may + not have been treacherous respecting the colour of a bird which he has + not seen for twenty-five years, and whether he has ever seen the Dartford + Warbler on Chobham or the adjacent commons?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. R. D. Salmon.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>TIN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 290. 344.).</p> + + <p>The first mention I remember of the place from whence tin came, is in + Herodotus (lib. iii. c. 115.). He there says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"But concerning the extreme parts of Europe towards the west, I am not + able to speak certainly. For I neither believe that a certain river is + called Eridanus by the barbarians, which flows into a northern sea, and + from which there is a report that the amber is wont to come, nor have I + known (any) islands, being Cassiterides (<span title="kassiteridas eousas" class="grk" + >κασσιτερίδας + ἐούσας</span>), from which the + tin is wont to come to us. For, on the one hand, the very name Eridanus + proves that it is Hellenic and not Barbaric, but formed by some poet; and + on the other, I am not able, though paying much attention to this matter, + to hear of any one that has been an eye-witness that a sea exists upon + that side of Europe. But doubtless both the tin and the amber are wont to + come from the extreme part of Europe."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p><span title="Kassiteros" class="grk" + >Κασσίτερος</span>, + according to Damm, is so called because it is more ready to melt than + other metals, i. e. <span title="kausiteros" class="grk" + >καυσίτερος</span>, + from <span title="kaiô" class="grk">καίω</span>, + to burn; this derivation agrees with that given by <span class="sc">Mr. + Crossley</span> of tin, "from the Celtic tin, to melt readily;" and it + receives some support from Hesiod (<i>D. G.</i> 861.), where he speaks of + the earth burning and melting as tin or as iron, which is the hardest of + metals.</p> + + <p>But I own I doubt this derivation. First, <!-- Page 594 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page594"></a>{594}</span>because it is quite + clear to my mind that Herodotus had no idea that it had a Greek + derivation. He assigns the Greek origin of the word Eridanus as a reason + for disbelieving the statement as to it; and had he known that Cassiteros + had a like origin, it cannot be doubted that he would have assigned the + same reason as to it likewise. Instead of which he resorts to the fact + that he could not obtain any authentic account of any sea on that side of + Europe, as a proof that the Cassiterides did not exist. In truth, his + assertion as to the Greek origin of the one, coupled with the reason that + is added, seems almost, if not quite, equivalent to a denial that the + other had a Greek origin. Secondly, it is in the highest degree + improbable that these islands should have received their name from the + Greeks, as it is contrary to all experience that a country should be + named by persons ignorant of its existence. The names of places are + either given to them by those who discover them, or the names by which + they are called by their inhabitants are adopted by others.</p> + + <p>At the time Cæsar invaded this island, there was a people whom he + calls Cassi (<i>Cæs. de B. G.</i>, lib. v. 21.), of whose prince Camden + says, "from the Cassii their prince, Cassivellaunus or Cassibelinus, + first took his name;" and he adds that "it seems very probable that + Cassivellaunus denotes as much as the Prince of the Cassii." (<i>Camd. + Brit.</i>, p. 278., edit. 1695.) According to which the word would be + compounded of <i>Cassi</i> and <i>vellaunus</i> or <i>belinus</i>; and + this derivation is fortified by the word Cunobelinus, which plainly is + formed in a similar manner. Now there is a Celtic word, <i>tir</i> or + <i>ter</i> (from which <i>terra</i> is derived), and the Welsh word + <i>tir</i> (which I have heard pronounced <i>teer</i>), all denoting + land. If then this word be added to Cassi, we have Cassiter, that is, the + land of the Cassi, Cassiland. And as we have England, Scotland, and + Ireland, possibly the ancient inhabitants may have called their country + Cassiter; and as <i>chalybs</i>, steel, was so called both by the Greeks + and Romans from the people that made it, so might tin be from the country + where it was found. My derivation is conjectural, no doubt, and as such I + submit it with great deference to the candid consideration of your + readers.</p> + + <p>Isaiah, who lived <span class="scac">B.C.</span> 758, mentions tin in + i. 25.</p> + + <p>Ezekiel, who lived <span class="scac">B.C.</span> 598, mentions tin + xxii. 18. 20.; and xxvii. 12., speaking of Tyre, he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kinds of + riches; with silver, iron, <i>tin</i>, and lead, they traded in thy + fairs."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This passage clearly shows that, at the time spoken of by Ezekiel, the + trade in tin was carried on by the inhabitants of Tarshish, whether that + place designates Carthage, or Tartessus in Spain, or not; and there can + be little doubt that they brought the tin from England; and the addition + of silver, iron, and lead, tends to strengthen this opinion.</p> + + <p>Herodotus recited his History at the Olympic Games, <span + class="scac">B.C.</span> 445; and probably the same people traded in tin + in his time as in the time of Ezekiel.</p> + + <p>The Hebrew word for tin is derived from a verb meaning "to separate," + and seems to throw no light on the subject.</p> + + <p class="author">S. G. C.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>MILTON'S WIDOW.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 452. 544. &c.)</p> + + <p>Your correspondents <span class="sc">Mr. Marsh</span> and <span + class="sc">Mr. Hughes</span> are entitled to an apology from me for + having so long delayed noticing their comments on my communication on the + above subject in Vol. viii, p. 134., which comments have failed in + convincing me that I have fallen into the error they attribute to me, + because it is manifest Richard Minshull of Chester, son of Richard of + Wistaston, the writer of the letter of May 3rd, 1656, set forth in the + Rev. Mr. Hunter's <i>Milton Pamphlet</i>, pp. 37. and 38., could only + have been <i>fifteen</i> years old when that letter was written, he + having, as <span class="sc">Mr. Hughes</span> states, been born in 1641, + so that he must have been only three years the junior of his supposed + niece, Mrs. Milton, then Miss Minshull, born in 1638, according to <span + class="sc">Mr. Marsh's</span> account of her baptism; and furthermore he, + Richard, <span class="correction" title="Inserted by errata in Issue 218." + >son of</span> the writer of the said letter, must be fairly presumed to + have been married at the date of such letter, which he <span + class="correction" title="Inserted by errata in Issue 218.">(the + Father)</span> thus commences: "My love and best respects to you and my + daughter [meaning no doubt his daughter-in-law], tendered with trust of + your health." Very unlikely language for a parent to address to his son, + a boy of <i>fifteen</i>, on so important a subject as a family pedigree. + If this youthful Richard Minshull really was Mrs. Milton's uncle, his + brother Randle Minshull, her father, must have been very many years older + than him, which was not very probable.</p> + + <p>I noticed in a recent Number of your pages, with great satisfaction, a + communication from <span class="sc">Cranmer</span>, who has avowed + himself to be your correspondent <span class="sc">Mr. Arthur + Paget</span>, for which, in common with <span class="sc">Mr. + Hughes</span> and others, I feel very thankful to him, notwithstanding it + falls short of connecting Mrs. Milton with Richard Minshull of Wistaston, + the Holme correspondent of 1656.</p> + + <p>That historians have been much misled in assuming that Mrs. Milton was + a daughter of Sir Edward Minshull of Stoke, cannot, I think, be + questioned; although it may be very fairly asked whether there were not + other respectable Minshull families living in the neighbourhood of + Wistaston, of which Mrs. Milton might have been a member, and yet allied + to the Paget and Goldsmith families.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Garlichithe.</span></p> + +<p><!-- Page 595 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page595"></a>{595}</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Hughes</span> is quite right, both in his facts, + so far as they go, and in the inference he draws from them in + confirmation of the now well ascertained identity of Milton's widow with + the daughter of Randle Mynshull of Wistaston. His observations derive + additional force from the fact, that two generations of Minshull of + Wistaston married ladies of the name of Goldsmith. Thomas Minshull, the + great-grandfather of Milton's widow, married —— Goldsmith of + Nantwich, as his son Richard informed Randal Holmes, in a letter among + the Harl. MSS., noticed by <span class="sc">Mr. Hunter</span>, and as + pointed out by <span class="sc">Mr. Hughes</span>; but the writer of that + letter also married a lady of the same name, Elizabeth, daughter of + Nicholas Goldsmith, of Bosworth, in the county of Leicester. The fact is + worth noticing, though no very accurate estimate can be formed of the + precise degree of relationship to be inferred from the title of "cousin" + a couple of centuries ago. My authority is the Cheshire visitation of + 1663-4. Several other MS. pedigrees are in existence; in some of which + the lady's name is stated as Ellen, instead of Elizabeth, and her + father's as Richard instead of Nicholas. Thomas Minshull of Manchester, + the uncle of Milton's widow, deserves perhaps a passing word of notice, + as having embalmed the mortal remains of Humphrey Chetham.</p> + + <p class="author">J. F. M.</p> + + <p class="address">Warrington.</p> + + <p>Our elegant poet Fenton, having written a <i>Life of Milton</i>, and + no doubt often visited his place of nativity (Shelton, in the + Staffordshire Potteries), he surely must have known <i>something</i> + respecting <i>Milton's</i> third wife's family, who lived only a few + miles from thence; and if the Fenton papers have, as is probable, been + preserved by his family, some of whom I am informed still live in the + neighbourhood of Shelton, it is not unlikely they will throw some light + on the family of the poet's widow.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Newington.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BOOKS CHAINED TO DESKS IN CHURCHES—OLD +PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 93.)</p> + + <p>On a recent visit to Aberystwith, I walked to the mother church of + Llanbadarn, a fine old building, which I was glad to find, since a former + visit, was undergoing important repairs in its exterior. While inspecting + the interior, I requested the clerk to show me into the vestry, and upon + inquiring if the church possessed any black-letter Bible, Foxe's + <i>Martyrs</i>, or any of those volumes which at the Reformation were + chained to the desks or pews, he opened a case in the vestry, in which I + was sorry to observe many volumes, not of that early date, but about a + century and a half old, yet valuable in their day as well as at present, + in a sad dilapidated state, arising from the dampness of the room, which + is without a fire-place. Many of the volumes were the gift of a Doctor + Fowle, with his autograph, stating that they were given as a lending + library to the parishioners.</p> + + <p>The present incumbent is the Rev. —— Hughes, a very + excellent and zealous pastor, with the modern church in Aberystwith + annexed, who should this narrative meet his eye, or be communicated to + him, might be induced to make inquiries into the losses which had taken + place, and prevent farther dilapidations and decay, in what was no doubt, + once considered a valuable acquisition to the inhabitants of the + parish.</p> + + <p>Permit me to add, that in a room over the entrance porch of that + venerable Saxon church St. Peter in the East, at Oxford, there is a large + lending library for the use of the parishioners, largely contributed to + by several of its recent and present zealous incumbent, and to which + church so much has lately been done to remove former eye-sores, and to + render it one of the most chastely decorated and best attended parish + churches in the University.</p> + + <p class="author">J. M. G.</p> + + <p class="address">Worcester.</p> + + <p>In an old MS. headed</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Articles, Conditions, and Covenants, upon which the Provost and other + officers of King's College in Cambridge have admitted Michael Mills, + Schollar of the said College, to be Keeper of the Publick Library of the + said College."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>the seventh and last article is—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"For the rendering his business about the library more easy, each + person that makes use of any book or books in the said library, is + required to sett 'em up again decently, without entangling the chains; by + which is signified to all concerned that no person whatsoever, upon any + pretence, is permitted to carry any book out of the library to their + chambers, or any otherwise to be used as a private book, it being against + the statutes of our college in y<sup>t</sup> case provided."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Under "Orders for regulating the publick library of King's College," + Order IV.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"All the fellows and scholars, and all other persons allowed the use + of the library, shall carefully set up those they use in their proper + place, without entangling the chains."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Michael Mills got King's in 1683.</p> + + <p class="author">T. H. L.</p> + + <p>In the church of Wiggenhall, St. Mary the Virgin, the following books + may be seen fastened by chains to a wooden desk in the chancel: Foxe's + <i>Book of Martyrs</i>, in three volumes, chained to the same staple; the + Book of Homilies; the Bible, with calendar in rubrics; and the works of + Bishop Jewell, in one volume. The title-page is lost from all the above: + in other respects they are in a fair state of preservation, considering + their <!-- Page 596 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page596"></a>{596}</span>antiquity, of which their characters being + old English, is a sufficient proof.</p> + + <p class="author">W. B. D.</p> + + <p>At a <i>soirée</i> recently held at Crosby Hall, there were exhibited + by the churchwardens of St. Benet's, Gracechurch Street, Erasmus' + <i>Commentary on the Gospels</i> in English, with the chains annexed, by + which they were fastened in the church. There are two volumes, in good + preservation, and black letter.</p> + + <p>In Minster Church, near Margate, Kent, there is an oak cover to a + Bible chained to a desk, temp. Henry VIII. The whole of the letter-press + has been taken away (by small pieces at a time) by visitors to this + beautiful Norman church.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Brown.</span></p> + + <p>At Bromsgrove Church, Worcestershire, a copy of Bishop Jewel's Sermon + on 1 Cor. ix. 16. (1609) is chained to a small lectern.</p> + + <p>At Suckley Church, also in Worcestershire, there is a black-letter + copy of the Homilies, 1578.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</span></p> + + <p>There is a copy of Foxe's <i>Monuments</i> so chained in the chancel + of Luton Church, Bedfordshire.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE COURT-HOUSE.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 493.)</p> + + <p>This place is not "an old out-of-the-way place," as described to + F. M., but stands in a paddock adjoining the churchyard, in the town of + "Painswick, in Gloucestershire." It is a respectable old stone-built + house in the Elizabethan style; and stands on an eminence commanding a + view of one of the pleasant valleys which abound in this parish. I do not + know of, and do not believe that there is, any "full description of it." + Neither of the county histories, of Atkyns (1712), Rudder (1779), Rudge + (1803), or Fosbrook (1807), mentions the court-house, though probably it + is referred to by Atkyns as "a handsome pleasant house adjoining the + town, [then] lately the seat of Mr. Wm. Rogers."</p> + + <p>If either Charles I. or II. slept there, it was doubtless King Charles + I., on the night of the 5th of September, 1643, on which day he raised + the siege of Gloucester, and</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Thousands of the royalist army marched in the rain up Painswick hill, + on the summit of which they encamped in the ancient entrenchment of the + part called Spoonbed hill. On this hill, tradition says, as Charles was + sitting on a stone near the camp, one of the princes, weary of their + present life, asked him 'When should they go home?' 'I have no home to go + to,' replied the disconsolate king. He went on to Painswick, and passed + the night there."—<i>Bibliotheca Gloucestriensis</i> (Webb), + Introduction, p. 68., referring to Rudder (p. 592.) for the tradition as + to the colloquy.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The lodge, an old wooden house, in this parish more properly deserves + the character of an "old out-of-the-way house." I remember it many years + ago, when it contained a court, in which were galleries approached by + stairs, and leading to the sleeping-rooms of the mansion; such as were + formerly in the court-yard of the Bull and Mouth Inn, London, and are now + in the yard of the New Inn, Gloucester.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">P. H. Fisher.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Stroud.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>ON THE SIMPLICITY OF THE CALOTYPE PROCESS, +BY DR. DIAMOND.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Read before the Photographic Society, Nov. 3, 1853.)</p> + + <p>I feel that some few words are required to explain to the Society the + reasons which have induced me to call their attention to a branch of + photography, which of all others has been dwelt upon most fully, and + practised with such success by so many eminent photographers.</p> + + <p>The flourishing state of this Society, which is constantly receiving + an accession of new Members, indicates the great number that have lately + commenced the practice of photography, and to those I hope my + observations will not prove unacceptable, because of all others the + calotype process is undoubtedly the simplest, and the most useful; not + only from that simplicity, but from its being available when other modes + could not be used.<a name="footnotetag2" + href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p> + + <p>I am also induced to urge on the attention of the Society the + advantages of this, one of the earliest processes, because I think that + there has been lately such an eager desire for something new, that we all + have more or less run away from a steady wish to improve if possible the + original details of Mr. Fox Talbot; and have been tempted to practise new + modes, entailing much more care and trouble, without attaining a + correspondingly favourable result.</p> + + <p>Amongst antiquaries I have long noticed, that many who have especially + studied one particular <!-- Page 597 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page597"></a>{597}</span>branch of archæology, think and speak + slightingly of those departments in which they are not much interested. + One fond of research in the early tumuli is esteemed to be a mere "pot + and pan antiquary" by one who, in his turn, is thought to waste his time + on "mediæval trash;" and this feeling pervades its many sections.</p> + + <p>I hope I shall not give offence in saying, that amongst photographers + I have noticed somewhat of a similar spirit, namely, an inclination to + value and praise a production, from the particular mode of operation + adopted, rather than from its intrinsic merits. The collodion, the waxed + paper, or the simple paper processes have merits pertaining to themselves + alone; and those who admire each of these several processes are too apt + to be prejudiced in favour of the works produced by them.</p> + + <p>Before proceeding farther, permit me to observe, that if some of my + remarks appear <i>too</i> elementary, and <i>too</i> well known by many + assembled here, my reason for making them is, that I have myself + experienced the want of <i>plain simple rules</i>, notwithstanding the + many able treatises upon the subject which have already been written: I + hope, therefore, I shall receive their pardon for entering fully into + detail, because a want of success may depend upon what may appear most + trivial.</p> + + <p>I think the greatest number of failures result from not having good + iodized paper; which may be caused by</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>1. The quality of the paper;</p> + <p>2. The mode of preparing it;</p> + <p>3. The want of proper <i>definite</i> proportions for a particular make of paper;</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>because I find very different results ensue unless these things are + relatively considered.</p> + + <p>I have not met with satisfactory results in iodizing the French and + German papers, and the thick papers of some of our English makers are + quite useless.</p> + + <p>Turner's paper, of the "Chafford Mills" make, is greatly to be + preferred, and therefore I will presume that to be used, and of a medium + thickness. The great fault of Turner's paper consists in the frequent + occurrence of spots, depending upon minute portions of brass coming from + the machinery, or from the rims of buttons left in the rags when being + reduced to pulp, and thus a single button chopped up will contaminate a + large portion of paper; occasionally these particles are so large that + they reduce the silver solutions to the metallic state, which is formed + on the paper; at other times they are so minute as to simply decompose + the solution, and white spots are left, much injuring the effect of the + picture.</p> + + <p>Whatman's paper is much more free from blemishes, but it is not so + fine and compact in its texture; the skies in particular exhibiting a + minutely speckled appearance, and the whole picture admitting of much + less definition.<a name="footnotetag3" + href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a></p> + + <p>All papers are much improved by age; probably in consequence of a + change which the size undergoes by time. It is therefore advisable that + the photographer, when he meets with a desirable paper, should lay in a + store for use beyond his immediate wants.</p> + + <p>It may not be inappropriate to mention here, in reference to the + minuteness attainable by paper negatives, that a railway notice of six + lines is perfectly legible, and even the erasure for a new secretary's + name is discernible in the accompanying specimen, which was obtained with + one of Ross's landscape lenses, without any stop whatever being used, and + after an exposure of five minutes <i>during a heavy rain</i>. The sky is + scarcely so dense as could be desired, which will be fully accounted for + by the dull state of the atmosphere during the exposure in the + camera.</p> + + <p>Having selected your paper as free from blemishes as possible, which + is most readily ascertained by holding it up to the light (as the + rejected sheets do perfectly well for positives, it is well to reject + <i>all</i> those upon which <i>any</i> doubt exists), mark the smoothest + surface;—the touch will always indicate this, but it is well at all + times not to handle the surfaces of papers more than can be avoided. + There is much difference in various individuals in this respect; some + will leave a mark upon the slightest touch, whereas others may rub the + paper about with perfect impunity.</p> + + <p>I prefer paper iodized by the single process; because, independently + of the case and economy of time, I think more rapidity of action is + attained by paper so treated, as well as that greater intensity of the + blacks, so requisite for producing a clear picture in after printing.</p> + + <p>To do this, take sixty grains of nitrate of silver and sixty grains of + iodide of potassium, dissolve each separately in an ounce of distilled + water, mix and stir briskly with a glass rod so as to ensure their + <i>perfect</i> mixture; the precipitated iodide of silver will fall to + the bottom of the vessel; pour off the fluid, wash once with a little + distilled water, then pour upon it four ounces of distilled water, and + add 650 grains of iodide of potassium, which <i>should</i> perfectly + redissolve the silver and form a clear fluid. Should it not (for + chemicals differ occasionally in their purity), then a little more should + be very cautiously added until the fluid is perfectly clear.</p> + + <p>The marked side of the paper should then be carefully laid upon the + surface of this fluid in a proper porcelain or glass dish. Then + immediately <!-- Page 598 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page598"></a>{598}</span>remove it, lay it upon its dry side upon a + piece of blotting-paper, and stroke it over once or twice with a glass + rod; this as effectually expels all the particles of air as complete + immersion; it is also more economical, and has the advantage of requiring + much less time in the after-immersion in the hypo. when it is required to + remove the iodide. Either pin the paper up, or lay it down upon its dry + side, and when it becomes tolerably dry (perfect dryness is not + requisite), immerse it in common cold water for the space of four hours, + changing the water during that time three or four times, so that all the + soluble salts may be removed; often move the papers, so that when several + sheets are together, one does not press so much upon another that the + water does not equally arrive at all the surface.</p> + + <p>If this paper is well made, it is of a pale straw colour, or rather + primrose, and perfectly free from unevenness of tint. It will keep good + for several years; if, however, the soluble salts have not been + <i>entirely</i> removed, it attracts damp, and becomes brown and useless + or uncertain in its application.</p> + + <p>Some of our oldest and most successful operators still adhere to and + prefer the iodized paper prepared by the double process, which certainly + effects a saving in the use of the iodide of potassium. The following is + the easiest way of so preparing it:—Having floated your marked + surface of the paper on a 30-grain solution of nitrate of silver, and + dried it<a name="footnotetag4" href="#footnote4"><sup>[4]</sup></a>, + immerse it for 20 minutes in a solution of iodide of potassium of 20 + grains to the ounce, when it immediately assumes the desired colour. It + is then requisite, however, that it should undergo the same washing in + pure water as the paper prepared by the single process.</p> + + <p>Upon the goodness of your iodized paper of course depends your future + success. Although it is not requisite to prepare it by candle-light + (which in fact is objectionable from your inability to see if the yellow + tint is equally produced), I think it should not be exposed to too strong + a light; and as the fly-fisher in the dull winter months prepares his + flies ready for the approaching spring, so may the photographer in the + dull weather which now prevails, with much advantage prepare his stock of + iodized paper ready for the approach of fine weather.<a + name="footnotetag5" href="#footnote5"><sup>[5]</sup></a></p> + + <p>Many other ways of iodizing paper have been recommended which have + proved successful in different hands. Dr. Mansell, of Guernsey, pours the + iodide solution upon his paper, which previously has had all its edges + turned up so as to resemble a dish; he rapidly pours it off again after + it has completely covered the paper, and then washes it in three waters + for only ten minutes in all: he considers that thereby none of the size + of the paper is removed, and a more favourable action is obtained. In the + experiments I have tried with the use of the air-pump, as recommended by + Mr. Stewart, I have met with much trouble and little success; and I am + inclined to attribute the very beautiful specimens which he has produced + to his own good manipulation under a favourable climate.<a + name="footnotetag6" href="#footnote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a></p> + + <p>To excite the paper take 10 drops (minims) of solution of + aceto-nitrate of silver, and 10 drops of saturated solution of gallic + acid, mixed with 3 drachms of distilled water.</p> + + <p>The aceto-nitrate solution consists of—</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Times by steamer." title="Times by steamer."> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle">Nitrate of silver </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right">30 </td><td class="qspcsingle">grains.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle">Glacial acetic acid </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1 </td><td class="qspcsingle">drachm.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle">Distilled water<a name="footnotetag7" href="#footnote7"><sup>[7]</sup></a> </td><td class="qspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1 </td><td class="qspcsingle">ounce.</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>If the weather is warm, 6 drops of gallic acid to the 10 of + aceto-nitrate will suffice, and enable the prepared excited paper to be + kept longer.</p> + + <p>This exciting fluid may be applied either directly <!-- Page 599 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page599"></a>{599}</span>by means of + the glass rod, or by floating, as before, and then the glass rod. But if + floating is resorted to, then a larger quantity must be prepared. As soon + as it is applied the paper should be blotted off by means of + blotting-paper (which should never be used more than once in this way, + although preserved for other purposes), and put into the dark frames for + use.<a name="footnotetag8" href="#footnote8"><sup>[8]</sup></a> It is not + requisite that the paper should be perfectly dry. This exciting should be + conducted by a very feeble light; the paper is much more sensitive than + is generally supposed; in fact, it is then in a state to print from by + the aid of gas or the light of a common lamp, and very agreeable + positives are so produced by this negative mode of printing.</p> + + <p>I would advise the aceto-nitrate of silver and the solution of gallic + acid to be kept in two bottles with wooden cases differing in their + shape, so that they may not be mistaken when operating, in comparative + darkness. A ¼ of an ounce of gallic acid put into such a 3-ounce bottle, + and <i>quite</i> filled up with distilled water as often as any is used, + will serve a very long time.</p> + + <p>I would also recommend that the paper should be excited upon the + morning of the day upon which it is intended to be used; no doubt the + longer it is kept, the less active and less certain it becomes. I have, + however, used it successfully eight days after excitement, and have a + good negative produced at that length of time. The general medium time of + exposure required is five minutes. In the negatives exhibited, the time + has varied from three minutes to eight, the latter being when the day was + very dull.</p> + + <p>The pictures should be developed by equal quantities of the + aceto-nitrate of silver and the saturated solution of gallic acid, which + are to be mixed and immediately applied to the exposed surface. This may + be done several hours after the pictures have been removed from the + camera. Care should be taken that the back of the picture does not become + wetted, as this is apt to produce a stain which may spoil the printing of + the positive.</p> + + <p>If upon the removal of the paper from the dark frame, the picture is + very apparent, by first applying little gallic acid, and immediately + afterwards the <i>mixed</i> solutions, less likelihood is incurred of + staining the negative, which will be more evenly and intensely developed. + If a browning take place, a few drops of strong acetic acid will + generally check it.</p> + + <p>Should the picture be very tardy, either from an insufficient + exposure, want of light, or other cause, a few drops of a solution of + pyrogallic acid, made with 3 grains to the ounce of water, and a drachm + of acetic acid, will act very beneficially. It sometimes gives an + unpleasant redness upon the surface, but produces great intensity upon + looking through it. Until the pyrogallic solution was added, there was + scarcely anything visible upon the specimen exhibited, the failure having + in the <i>first</i> instance happened from the badness of the iodized + paper.</p> + + <p>As soon as the picture is sufficiently developed it should be placed + in water, which should be changed once or twice; after soaking for a + short time, say half an hour, it may be pinned up and dried, or it may at + once be placed in a solution almost saturated, or quite so, of + hyposulphite of soda, remaining there no longer than is needful for the + entire removal of the iodide, which is known by the disappearance of the + yellow colour.</p> + + <p>When travelling it is often desirable to avoid using the hyposulphite, + for many reasons (besides that of getting rid of extra chemicals), and it + may be relied on that negatives will keep even under exposure to light + for a very long time. I have kept some for several weeks, and I believe + Mr. Rosling has kept them for some months.</p> + + <p>The hyposulphite, lastly, should be effectually removed from the + negative by soaking in water, which should be frequently changed.</p> + + <p>Some prefer to use the hypo, quite hot, or even boiling, as thereby + the size of the paper is removed, allowing of its being afterwards + readily waxed.<a name="footnotetag9" href="#footnote9"><sup>[9]</sup></a> + I have always found that pouring a little boiling water upon the paper + effectually accomplishes the object; some negatives will readily wax even + when the size is not removed. A box iron very hot is best for the + purpose; but the most important thing to attend to is that the paper + should be perfectly dry, and it should therefore be passed between + blotting-paper and well ironed before the wax is applied. Negatives will + even attract moisture from the atmosphere, and therefore this process + should at all times be resorted to immediately before the application of + the wax.</p> + + <p>Some photographers prefer, instead of using wax, to apply a solution + of Canada balsam in spirits of turpentine. This certainly adds much to + the transparency of the negative; and, in some instances, may be very + desirable. Even in so simple a thing as white wax, there is much <!-- + Page 600 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page600"></a>{600}</span>variety; some forming little flocculent + appearances on the paper, which is not the case with other samples. + Probably it may be adulterated with stearine, and other substances + producing this difference.</p> + + <p>Before concluding these remarks, I would draw attention to the great + convenience of the use of a bag of yellow calico, made so large as to + entirely cover the head and shoulders, and confined round the waist by + means of a stout elastic band. It was first, I believe, used by Dr. + Mansell. In a recent excursion, I have, with the greatest ease, been + enabled to change all my papers without any detriment whatever, and + thereby dispensed with the weight of more than a single paper-holder. The + bag is no inconvenience, and answers perfectly well, at any residence you + may chance upon, to obstruct the light of the window, if not protected + with shutters.</p> + + <p>I would also beg to mention that a certain portion of the bromide of + silver introduced into the iodized paper seems much to accelerate its + power of receiving the green colour, as it undoubtedly does in the + collodion. Although it does not accelerate its <i>general</i> action, it + is decidedly a great advantage for foliage. Its best proportions I have + not been able accurately to determine; but I believe if the following + quantity is added to the portion of solution of iodide of silver above + recommended to be made, that it will approach very near to that which + will prove to be the most desirable. Dissolve separately thirty grains of + bromide of potassium, and 42 grains of nitrate of silver, in separate + half-ounces of distilled water; mix, stir well, and wash the precipitate; + pour upon it, in a glass measure, distilled water up to one ounce; then, + upon the addition of 245 grains of iodide of potassium, a clear solution + will be obtained; should it not, a few more grains of the iodide of + potassium will effect it. It may be well to add that I believe neither of + the solutions is injured by keeping, especially if preserved in the + dark.</p> + + <p>I would here offer a caution against too great reliance being placed + upon the use of gutta-percha vessels when travelling, as during the past + summer I had a bottle containing distilled water which came into pieces; + and I have now a new gutta-percha tray which has separated from its + sides. This may appear trivial, but when away from home the greatest + inconvenience results from these things, which may be easily avoided.<a + name="footnotetag10" href="#footnote10"><sup>[10]</sup></a></p> + + <p>Dishes of zinc painted or japanned on the interior surface answer + better than gutta-percha, and one inverted within another forms, when + travelling, an admirable lid-box for the protection of glass bottles, + rods, &c. On the Continent wooden dishes coated with shellac varnish + are almost entirely used.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>In a communication I formerly addressed to my friend the Editor of "N. + & Q.," one of the arguments I used in favour of the collodion process + was, that the operator was enabled at once to know the results of his + attempts; and was not left in suspense concerning the probable success, + as with a paper picture requiring an after development.</p> + + <p>I made that observation not only from the partial success which had + then attended my own manipulations, but from the degree of success which + was attained by the majority of my photographic friends. But that + objection is now almost entirely removed by the comparative certainty to + which the paper process is reduced.</p> + + <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a + href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a> + <p>The effect was illustrated in two negatives of the same subject, taken + at the same time, exhibited to the meeting, and which may now be seen at + Mr. Bell's by those who take an interest in the subject.</p> + + <a name="footnote4"></a><b>Footnote 4:</b><a + href="#footnotetag4">(return)</a> + <p>For this purpose, strips of wood from 1 inch to 1½ square will be + found much more convenient to pin the paper to than the tape or string + usually recommended. The pressure of a corner of the paper to the wood + will render it almost sufficiently adherent without the pin, and do away + with the vexation of corners tearing off.</p> + + <a name="footnote5"></a><b>Footnote 5:</b><a + href="#footnotetag5">(return)</a> + <p>Some difference of opinion seemed to exist at the reading of the + paper, as to the propriety of preparing iodized paper long before it was + required for use, and I have since received some letters from very able + photographers who have attributed an occasional want of success to this + cause. I have, however, never myself seen good iodized paper deteriorated + by age. Many friends tell me they have used it when several years old; + and I can confirm this by a remarkable instance. On Tuesday (Dec. 6) I + was successful in obtaining a perfectly good negative in the usual time + from some paper kindly presented to me by Mr. Mackinly, and which has + been in his possession since the year 1844. I should add, the paper bears + the mark of "J. Whatman, 1842," and has all the characters of Turner's + best photographic paper. It appears to be a make of Whatman's paper which + I have not hitherto seen, and, from its date, was evidently not made for + photographic purposes.</p> + + <a name="footnote6"></a><b>Footnote 6:</b><a + href="#footnotetag6">(return)</a> + <p>The paper may be iodized by pouring over it 30 minims of the iodizing + solution, and then smoothing it over with the glass rod. Care must + however be taken not to wet the back of the paper, as an unevenness of + depth in the negative would probably be the result.</p> + + <a name="footnote7"></a><b>Footnote 7:</b><a + href="#footnotetag7">(return)</a> + <p>Much more attention should be paid to the purity of the distilled + water than is generally supposed. In the many processes in which + distilled water is used, there is none in which attention to this is so + much required as the calotype process. I mention this from having lately + had some otherwise fine negatives spoiled by being covered with spots, + emanating entirely from impurities in distilled water purchased by me + during a late excursion into the country.</p> + + <a name="footnote8"></a><b>Footnote 8:</b><a + href="#footnotetag8">(return)</a> + <p>It is very requisite that the glasses of the frames should be + thoroughly cleansed before the excited papers are put into them. Although + not perceptible to the eye, there is often left on the glass (if this + precaution is not used) a decomposing influence which afterwards shows + itself by stains upon the negative.</p> + + <a name="footnote9"></a><b>Footnote 9:</b><a + href="#footnotetag9">(return)</a> + <p>If boiling water is carefully poured in the negative in a porcelain + dish, it will frequently remove a great deal of colouring matter, thereby + rendering the negative still more translucent. It is astonishing how much + colouring matter a negative so treated will give out, even when to the + eye it appears so clean as not to require it.</p> + + <a name="footnote10"></a><b>Footnote 10:</b><a + href="#footnotetag10">(return)</a> + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Shadbolt</span> suggested a remedy for the + disasters referred to by <span class="sc">Dr. Diamond</span> with regard + to the gutta-percha vessels. Gutta-percha is perfectly soluble in + chloroform. <span class="sc">Mr. Shadbolt</span> therefore showed that if + the operator carries a small bottle of chloroform with him, he would be + able to mend the gutta-percha at any moment in a few seconds. It was not + necessary that the bottle should hold above half an ounce of + chloroform.</p> + +</div> +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Belike</i> (Vol. viii., p. 358.).—The reasoning by which + H. C. K. supports his conjecture that "belike" in <i>Macbeth</i> is + formed immediately by prefixing <i>be</i> to a supposed verb, + <i>like</i>, to lie, is ingenious, but far from satisfactory. In the + first place, we never used <i>to like</i> in the sense of <i>to lie</i>, + the nearest approach to it is <i>to lig</i>. And in the next place, the + verb to <i>like</i>, to please, to feel or cause pleasure, to approve or + regard with approbation, as a consequential usage (agreeably to the Dutch + form of Liicken (Kilian), to <i>assimilate</i>), is common from our + earliest writers. Instances from Robert of Gloucester, Chaucer, and + North, with instances also of <i>mislike</i>, to displease, may be found + in Richardson and others in Todd's <i>Johnson</i>.</p> + + <p>Now, when we have a word well established in various usage (as + <i>like</i>, similis), from which other usages may be easily deduced, why + not adopt that word as the immediate source, rather than seek for a new + one? That <i>like</i>, now written <i>ly</i>, is from <i>lic</i>, a + corpse, <i>i.e.</i> an essence, has, I believe, the merit of originality; + so too, his notion that <i>corpse</i> is an <i>essence</i>, and the more, + as emanating from a rectory, which probably is not far removed frown a + churchyard.</p> + + <p>H. C. K., it is very <i>likely</i>, is right in his conception that + all his three <i>likes</i> "have had originally one and the same source;" + but he does not appear inclined to rest contented with the very + sufficient one in our parent language, suggested by Richardson (in his + 8vo. dictionary), the Gothic <i>lag-yan</i>; A.-S. <i>lec-gan</i>, or + <i>lic-gan</i>, to lay or lie.</p> + + <p>I should interpret <i>belike</i> (for so I should write it with + H. C. K.) by "approve."</p> + + <p class="author">Q.</p> + + <p class="address">Bloomsbury.</p> + + <p><i>Stage-coaches</i> (Vol. viii., p. 439.).—The following Note + may perhaps prove acceptable to G. E. F. The article from which it was + taken contained, if I remember rightly, much more information upon the + same subject:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The stage-coach 'Wonder,' from London to Shrewsbury, and the + 'Hirondelle' belonged to Taylor of Shrewsbury. The 'Hirondelle' did 120 + miles in 8 hours and 20 minutes. One day a team of four greys did 9 miles + in 35 minutes. The 'Wonder' left <!-- Page 601 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page601"></a>{601}</span>Lion Yard, Shrewsbury, + one morning at 6 o'clock, and was at Islington at 7 o'clock the same + evening, being only 13 hours on the road."—<i>The Times</i>, July + 11, 1842.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">W. R. D. S.</p> + + <p><i>Birthplace of King Edward V.</i> (Vol. viii., p. 468.).—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"1471. In this year, the third day of November, Queen Elizabeth, + being, as before is said, in Westminster Sanctuary, was lighted of a fair + prince. And within the said place the said child, without pomp, was after + christened, whose godfathers were the abbat and prior of the said place, + and the Lady Scrope godmother."—Fabian's <i>Chronicle</i>, p. 659., + Lond. 1811.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.</span></p> + + <p>Fuller, in his <i>Worthies</i>, vol. ii. p. 414., says Edward, eldest + son of Edward IV. and Elizabeth his queen, was born in the sanctuary of + Westminster, November 4, 1471.</p> + + <p class="author">A.</p> + + <p><i>Ringing Church Bells at Death</i> (Vol. viii., p. 55. + &c.).—The custom of ringing the church bell, as soon as might + be convenient after the passing of a soul from its earthly prison-house, + in the manner described in "N. & Q.," existed ten years ago in the + parish of Rawmarsh, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, and had existed + there before I became its rector, twenty-two years ago. First a brisk + peal was rung, if I mistake not, on one of the lighter bells, which was + raised and lowered; then, upon the same, or some other of the lighter + bells, the sex of the deceased was indicated by a given number of + distinct strokes,—I cannot with certainty recall the respective + numbers; lastly, the tenor bell was made to declare the supposed age of + the deceased by as many strokes as had been counted years.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John James.</span></p> + + <p><i>What is the Origin of "Getting into a Scrape?"</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 292.).—It may have been, first, a tumble in the mire; by such a + process many of us in childhood have both literally and figuratively "got + into a scrape." Or, secondly, the expression may have arisen from the use + of <i>the razor</i>, where to be shaved was regarded as an indignity, or + practised as a token of deep humiliation. D'Arvieux mentions an Arab who, + having received a wound in his jaw, chose rather to hazard his life, than + allow the surgeon to take off his beard. When Hanun had shaved off half + the beards of David's servants, "David sent to meet them, because they + were greatly ashamed: and the king said, 'Tarry at Jericho until your + beards be grown, and then return'" (2 Sam. x. 4, 5.). The expedient of + <i>shaving off the other half</i> seems not to have been thought on, + though that would naturally have been resorted to, had not the indignity + of being rendered beardless appeared intolerable. Under this figure the + desolation of a country is threatened. "In the same day shall the Lord + shave with a razor that is hired, by them beyond the river, even by the + King of Assyria, the head, and the hair of the feet, and it shall consume + the beard" (Isaiah vii. 20.). Again, as a token of grief and humiliation: + "Then Job arose and rent his mantle, and shaved his beard," + &c.—"There came fourscore men, having their heads shaven, and + their clothes rent, and having cut themselves," &c. (Jer. xli. 5.). + Or, thirdly, the allusion may be to the consequence of becoming infected + with some loathsome cutaneous disease. "So Satan smote Job with sore + boils from the sole of his foot unto his crown. And he took him a + potsherd to <i>scrape</i> himself withal" (Job ii. 7, 8.).</p> + + <p class="author">J. W. T.</p> + + <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p> + + <p><i>High Dutch and Low Dutch</i> (Vol. viii., p. 478.).—Nieder + Deutsch, or rather Neder Duitsch, is the proper name of the Dutch + language; at least it is that which the people of Holland give to it. Low + German does not necessarily mean a vulgar patois. It is essentially as + different a language from High German, or rather more so, as Spanish is + from Portuguese. I believe German purists would point out Holstein, + Hanover, Brunswick (not Dresden), as the places where German is most + classically spoken. I wish one of your German (not Anglo-German) readers + would set us right on this point. The term Dutch, as applied to the + language of Holland as distinguished from that of German, is a + comparative modernism in English. High Dutch and Low Dutch used to be the + distinction; and when Coverdale's <i>Translation of the Bible</i> is said + to have been "compared with the Douche," German, and not what we now call + Dutch, is meant. Deutsch, in short, or Teutsch, is the generic name for + the language of the Teutones, for whom Germani, or Ger-männer, was not a + national appellation, but one which merely betokened their warlike + character.</p> + + <p class="author">E. C. H.</p> + + <p><i>Discovery of Planets</i> (Vol. vii., p. 211.).—I should wish + to ask <span class="sc">Mr. H. Walter</span>, who has a learned answer + about the discovery of planets, whether the idea which he there broaches + of a lost world where sin entered and for which mercy was not found, be + his own original invention, or whether he is indebted to any one for it, + and if so, to whom?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Quæstor.</span></p> + + <p><i>Gloves at Fairs</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 136. 421.).—This title + has changed into a question of the open hand as an emblem of power. In + addition to the instances cited by your correspondents, the following may + be mentioned.</p> + + <p>The Romans used the open hand as a standard.</p> + + <p>The Kings of Ulster adopted it as their peculiar cognizance; thence it + was transferred to the shield of the baronets created Knights of Ulster + by James I.; to many of whose families recent <!-- Page 602 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page602"></a>{602}</span>myths have in + consequence attributed bloody deeds to account for the cognizance of the + bloody hand. The Holte family of Aston Hall, near this town, affords an + instance of such a modern myth, which has, I think, already appeared in + "N. & Q." The subject of <i>modern myths</i> would form a very + interesting one for your pages.</p> + + <p>An open hand occurs on tombs in Lycia. (Fellowes' <i>Lycia</i>, p. + 180.)</p> + + <p>The Turks and Moors paint an open hand as a specific against the evil + eye. (Shaw's <i>Travels in Barbary</i>, p. 243.)</p> + + <p>The open hand in red paint is of common occurrence on buffalo robes + among the tribes of North America, and is also stamped, apparently by the + natural hand dipped in a red colour, on the monuments of Yucatan and + Guatemala. (Stephen's <i>Yucatan</i>.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eden Warwick.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Birmingham.</p> + + <p><i>Awk</i> (Vol. viii., p. 310.).—H. C. K. asks for instances of + the usage of the word <i>awk</i>. He will find one in Richardson's + <i>Dictionary</i>, and two of <i>awkly</i>:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The <i>auke</i> or left hand."—Holland's <i>Plutarch</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"They receive her <i>aukly</i>, when she (Fortune) presenteth herself + on the <i>right</i> hand."—<i>Ibid.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"To undertake a thing <i>awkely</i>, or ungainly."—Fuller's + <i>Worthies</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">Q.</p> + + <p class="address">Bloomsbury.</p> + + <p><i>Tenet</i> (Vol. viii., p. 330.) was used by Hooker and Hall, and is + also found in state trial, 1 Hen. V., 1413, of Sir John Oldcastle. Sir + Thomas Browne, though he writes <i>tenets</i> in his title, has + <i>tenent</i> in c. i. of b. vii. But these variations may be generally + placed to the account of the printers in those days. (See <span + class="sc">Tenet</span>, in Richardson.)</p> + + <p class="author">Q.</p> + + <p class="address">Bloomsbury.</p> + + <p><i>Lovett of Astwell</i> (Vol. viii., p. 363.).—Since I wrote on + this subject, I have consulted Baker's excellent <i>History of + Northamptonshire</i>, and I find the pedigree (vol. i. p. 732.) fully + bears out my strictures on Betham and Burke's account of Thomas Lovett, + and his marriage with Joan Billinger. With regard to Elizabeth Boteler, + Mr. Baker simply states that Thomas Lovett, Esq., of Astwell, married to + his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of John Boteler, Esq., of Watton + Woodhall, Herts; but I observe that (<i>Idem.</i> vol. i. p. 730.) there + is in Wappenham Church (the parish of which Astwell is hamlet) a brass to + the memory of "Constance, late the wife of John Boteler, Esq., and sister + to Henry Vere, Esq., who died May 16, 1499:" this lady, I conjecture, was + the mother of Elizabeth Boteler, afterwards Lovett; and her daughter must + have been heir to her mother, as the arms of Vere and Green are quartered + on her grandson Thomas Lovett's tombstone in the same church; as well as + on another monument of the Lovetts, the inscription of which is now + obliterated. The pedigree of the Botelers in Clutterbuck (<i>Herts</i>, + vol. ii. p. 475.) does not give this marriage; but John Boteler, Esq., of + Watton Woodhall, who was of full age in 1456, and whose first wife + Elizabeth died Oct. 28, 1471, is said to have married to his second wife + Constance, daughter of —— Downhall of Gedington, co. + Northamptonshire. Can this be the lady buried at Wappenham? She was the + mother of John Boteler, Esq., Watton Woodhall, Sheriff of Herts and Essex + in 1490; therefore her daughter would not be entitled to transmit her + arms to her descendants. Or could the last-mentioned John Boteler, who + died in 1514, have had another wife besides the three mentioned in + Clutterbuck? There can be no question that one of the two John Botelers + of Watton Woodhall married Constance de Vere, as the marriage is + mentioned on the monument at Wappenham. I hope some of your genealogical + readers may examine this point.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Tewars.</span></p> + + <p><i>Irish Rhymes</i> (Vol. viii., p. 250.).—In "The Wish," + appended to <i>The Ocean</i> of Young (afterwards suppressed in his + collected works, but quoted by Dr. Johnson), are the following + rhymes:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3hg3">"Oh! may I <i>steal</i></p> + <p class="i3">Along the <i>vale</i></p> + <p>Of humble life, secure from foes."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And again:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Have what I <i>have</i>,</p> + <p>And live not <i>leave</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And yet again:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i3hg3">"Then leave one <i>beam</i></p> + <p class="i3">Of honest <i>fame</i>,</p> + <p>And scorn the labour'd monument."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And in his "Instalment" (which shared the same fate as "The + Wish"):</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Oh! how I long, enkindled by the <i>theme</i>,</p> + <p>In deep eternity to launch thy <i>name</i>."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Young was no "Mil<i>a</i>sian:" so these rhymes go to acquit Swift of + the Irishism attributed to him by <span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede</span>; + as, taken in connexion with those used by Pope and others, it is clear + they were not uncommon or confined to the Irish poets. At the same time, + I cannot think them either elegant or musical, nor can I agree with one + of your correspondents, that their occasional use destroys the sameness + of rhyme. If poets were to introduce eccentric rhymes at pleasure, to + produce variety, the shade of Walker would I think be troubled + sorely.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Alexander Andrews.</span></p> + + <p><i>Passage in Boerhaave</i> (Vol. vii., p. 453.).—As the passage + is incorrectly given from memory, it <!-- Page 603 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page603"></a>{603}</span>is not easy to say + where it is to be found. I venture, however, to lay before the <span + class="sc">Foreign Surgeon</span> the following, from the + <i>Institutiones Medicæ cæt. digestæ</i>, ab Herm. Boerhaave (Vienna, + 1775), p. 382.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Unde tamen mors senilis per has mutationes accidit inevitabilis, et + ex ipsa sanitate sequens."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And from Ph. Ambr. Marhesz, Prælectiones in H. Boerh., <i>Inst. + Med.</i> (Vienna, 1785), vol. iii. p. 44.:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Tum vivere cessat decripitus senex, sine morbo in mortem transiens, + nisi senectutis vitium ineluctabile pro morbo habeas."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>See also § 475. Possibly the required passage may be found in Burton's + <i>Account of the Life, &c. of Dr. Boerhaave</i> (London, 1743). + Allow me, however, to quote the following from a discourse of Joannes + Oosterdijk Schacht (Boerhaave's cotemporary), delivered by him September + 12, 1729, when he entered on the professorship at Utrecht. From this it + will appear that the words ascribed to Boerhaave may be attributed to + other learned men:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Nemini igitur mirum videatur, si innumeris stipata malis superveniat + senectus, quam nec solam nec morbis tantum comitatam obrepere, sed ipsam + morbum esse, et olim vidit vetustas, et hodierna abunde docet + experientia."—Joann. Oosterdijk Schacht, <i>Oratio Inauguralis + cæt.</i> (Traj. ad Rhenum, 1729).</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>From the <i>Navorscher</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">L. D. R.</p> + + <p class="address">Ginnekin.</p> + + <p><i>Craton the Philosopher</i> (Vol. viii., p. 441.).—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"At that time two brothers, who were extremely rich, sold their + inheritance by the advice of Crato the philosopher, and bought diamonds + of singular value, which they crushed in the Forum before all the people, + thus making an ostentatious exhibition of their contempt for the world. + St. John, happening to be passing through the Forum, witnessed this + display, and, pitying the folly of these misguided men, kindly gave them + sounder advice. Sending for Crato their master, who had led them into + error, he blamed the wasteful destruction of valuable property, and + instructed him in the true meaning of contempt for the world according to + Christ's doctrine, quoting the precept of that teacher, his own Master, + when, in reply to the young man who inquired of Him how he might obtain + eternal life, He said, 'If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell all that + thou hast and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven; + and come and follow me.' Crato the philosopher, acknowledging the + soundness of the apostle's teaching, entreated him to restore the jewels + which had been foolishly crushed to their former condition. St. John then + gathered up the precious fragments, and, while he held them in his hand, + prayed for some time with his eyes raised to heaven. His prayer being + concluded, and all the faithful present having said <i>Amen</i>, the + broken pieces of the jewels became so closely united, that there remained + not the slightest appearance of any fracture. Then Crato the philosopher, + with all his disciples, threw himself at the apostle's feet, believed, + and were baptized; and Crato, preaching openly the faith of the Lord + Jesus, became a true philosopher. Moreover, the two brothers who before + destroyed their property to no purpose, now, in obedience to the + evangelical precept, sold their jewels, and distributed the price in alms + to the poor of Christ. And a multitude of believers began to attach + themselves to St. John, and to follow his steps."—<i>Ordericus + Vitalis</i>, b. <span class="scac">II</span>. ch. v. (Mr. Forrester's + translation), Bohn's edit., vol. i. pp. 240, 241.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Sansom.</span></p> + + <p><i>The Curfew</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 167. 539.).—Add to the already + long list of places where the curfew bell is still rung the + following:</p> + + <p>St. Werburgh's (Cathedral) Chester, Acton, Audlem, Nantwich, + Wybunbury; all in Cheshire and adjoining parishes.</p> + + <p>Madeley, Staffordshire. In this place also (Audlem) the very ancient + custom of chiming at funerals is still maintained.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. H. Kersley, B.A.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Audlem, Nantwich.</p> + + <p><i>Thomas Blount</i> (Vol. viii., p. 286.).—Since forwarding the + monumental inscription inserted as above, which makes this gentleman's + death to take place on Dec. 26, I find that Sir William Dugdale, with + whom Blount was on terms of intimacy, as he calls him "my very worthy + friend," has the following notice of him in his <i>Diary</i> under the + year 1679:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"December 16. Mr. T. Blount dyed, at Orlton, Herefordshire, of an + apoplexie."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Thus making a difference of ten days, which is probably an error made + by the engraver of the inscription. It may be interesting to know from + the same authority, that Mr. Blount's chamber was in Fig Tree Court, on + the back side of the Inner Temple Hall, London, his country residence + being at Orlton. From his correspondence with Sir William, it appears + that he rendered him much assistance in his works.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. B. Whitborne.</span></p> + + <p><i>Pronunciations of "Coke" and "Cowper"</i> (Vols. iv. and v. + <i>passim</i>; Vol. vi., p. 16.).—So much, and so well to the + purpose, has already been said in "N. & Q.," in support of the + averment that the former of these names was originally pronounced + <i>Cook</i>, that it may appear needless to adduce additional evidence; + still, considering the source from which the testimony I am now bringing + forward is derived, I think I may stand excused for recurring to the + subject. It is from the Court Books of the manor of Mitcham (the + birthplace of Sir Edward Coke), and from the parochial registers; in + which, and, indeed, in all cotemporary records where sound was followed + in the spelling, I find the name of this family written <!-- Page 604 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page604"></a>{604}</span><i>Cook</i> or + <i>Cooke</i>. The great Sir Edward's own baptismal register is thus + entered—1551, Feb. 7. "Edward Cooke genero." Surely this is + conclusive. The same pronunciation was vulgarly followed almost up to the + present time. There must be many who remember at the Norfolk elections + the cry of "Cook for ever," as well as that of the opposite political + party who threw up their caps for <i>Woodhouse</i>; for so + <i>Wodehouse</i> was in like manner pronounced. Again, the Hobarts, + another Norfolk family, were always called <i>Hubbarts</i>; and more + anciently Bokenham, <i>Buckenham</i>, Todenham, <i>Tuddenham</i>, and + others I could name, showing that in the Norfolk dialect the usage was in + pronunciation to soften the <i>o</i>.</p> + + <p>Now as regards the sound of Cowper, the same class of authorities, old + deeds, court rolls, and parish registers, appears to lead to a different + conclusion from that of your other correspondents. We have now no + <i>Cowper</i> family of Norfolk origin; of <i>Coopers</i> we have + multitudes: the names of whose forefathers were written <i>Couper</i> or + <i>Cowper</i>; and if written as pronounced, the analogical inference is + that the original pronunciation was <i>Cowper</i>, Cooper being merely + the modern way of spelling; and curiously enough, the parish of + <i>Hoo</i>, in this county, is called and now usually spelt + <i>How</i>.</p> + + <p class="author">G. A. C.</p> + + <p><i>Unkid</i> (Vol. viii., p. 353.).—<i>Unketh</i>, + <i>uncouth</i>, are different writings of the same word. Jamieson has + <i>uncoudy</i>, which he explains, dreary; and <i>coudy</i>, i. e. couth, + couthy, nearly allied to <i>cuth</i>, notus (see <i>couth</i> (could), + <i>uncouth</i>, <i>unketh</i>, in Richardson; and <i>coudy</i>, + <i>uncoudy</i>, in Jamieson). Lye has "<i>Uncwid</i>, solitary; whence, + perhaps, the not entirely obsolete <i>unkid</i>." Grose also tells us + that, in the north, <i>uncuffs</i> and <i>uncuds</i> mean news. It is + very plain that these are all the same word, differently written and + applied.</p> + + <p class="author">Q.</p> + + <p class="address">Bloomsbury.</p> + + <p><i>To split Paper</i> (Vol. viii., p. 413.).—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Procure two rollers or cylinders of glass, amber, resin, or metallic + amalgam; strongly excite them by the well known means so as to produce + the attraction of cohesion, and then, with pressure, pass the paper + between the rollers; one half will adhere to the under roller, and the + other to the upper roller; then cease the excitation, and remove each + part."—From the <i>Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal</i>.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">A. H. B.</p> + + <p><i>La Fleur des Saints</i> (Vol. viii., p. 410.).—The work which + Molière intended was in all probability the French translation of a + Spanish work entitled <i>Flos Sanctorum</i>. The author of it was Alonso + de Villegas. It was first printed at Toledo in 1591, and an English + version appeared at Douay in 1615. Some idea of the contents may be + gathered from the following title: <i>Flos Sanctorum, Historia General de + la Vida, y Hechos de Jesu Christo Dios y Señor nuestro; y de todos los + Santos, de que reza, y haze fiesta la Iglesia Catolica, &c.</i> My + copy is the Madrid edition of 1653.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. Hardwick.</span></p> + + <p class="address">St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge.</p> + + <p><i>Dr. Butler and St. Edmund's Bury</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 125.).—Could this have been Dr. William Butler, of eccentric + memory, born at Ipswich about 1535, and buried in St. Mary's Church, + Cambridge, 1618?</p> + + <p class="author">G. A. C.</p> + + <p><i>Major André</i> (Vol. viii., p. 174.).—Two nephews of Major + André, sons of his sister, Mrs. Mills, are resident in Norwich, both + being surgeons there. Perhaps, on application, your correspondent <span + class="sc">Serviens</span> would be able to obtain from them some + serviceable information regarding this unfortunate officer.</p> + + <p class="author">G. A. C.</p> + + <p><i>Wooden Tombs and Effigies</i> (Vol. viii., p. 255.).—In the + church of Chew-Magna, co. Somerset, is the effigy of Sir John Hautville, + cut (says Collinson, vol. ii. p. 100.) in one solid piece of Irish oak. + He lies on his left side, resting on his hip and elbow, the left hand + supporting his head. The figure is in armour, with a red loose coat + without sleeves over it, a girdle and buckle, oblong shield, helmet, and + gilt spurs. The right hand rests on the edge of the shield. This monument + was brought many years ago from the neighbouring church (now destroyed) + of Norton Hautville. Sir John lived temp. Henry III. The popular story of + him is that he was a person of gigantic strength, and that he carried, + for a feat, three men to the top of Norton church tower, one under each + arm, and the third in his teeth! (Collinson, vol. ii. p. 108.)</p> + + <p class="author">J. E. J.</p> + + <p><i>Froissart's Accuracy</i> (Vol. viii., p. 494.).—The accuracy + of Froissart as an historian has never been questioned, says T. J. This + assertion ought not to pass without a note. If T. J. will look into + Hallam's <i>Lit. of Europe</i>, ch. iii., he will find that judicious and + learned critic comparing Froissart with Livy for "fertility of historical + invention," or, in other words, for his unhesitatingly supplying his + readers with a copious and picturesque statement of the details of + events, where they were palpably out of the reach of his knowledge.</p> + + <p>As a gleaner of chivalrous gossip, and a painter of national manners, + Froissart is perhaps unequalled. Take up his account of a campaign on the + Scottish borders, and he relates the proceedings in his amusing style, as + if he had been behind every bush with the Scotch, and hunting for them in + vain with every English banner. But if his accuracy be inquired into, he + tells you that Carlisle, which he calls Cardoel en Gales, is on <!-- Page + 605 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page605"></a>{605}</span>the Tyne, + and was garrisoned in vain with "grand planté de Galois," to prevent the + Scotch from passing the Tyne under its walls (vol. i. ch. xviii. xix. + xxi.).</p> + + <p>So much by way of note; but there is a Query which I should be glad to + see answered. Bayle (art. Froissart) quotes a German critic as affirming + that in the Lyons edition of Froissart, by Denys Saulvage, 1559: "Omnia + quæ Aulæ Gallicæ displicebant, deleta, vixque decimam historiæ partem + relictam esse." Does Col. Johnes notice this inaccuracy in the edition + generally procurable? And does he state whether he saw, or consulted, or + received any benefit from the existence of the MS. copy of Froissart, + once in the library of Breslaw?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Walter.</span></p> + + <p><i>Nursery Rhymes</i> (Vol. viii., p. 452.).—I fear J. R.'s + anxiety to find a Saxon origin to a nursery rhyme has <i>suggested</i> + unconsciously a version which does not otherwise exist. The rhyme in my + young days used to be,—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hushaby, baby, on the tree top,</p> + <p>When the wind blows the cradle will rock."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>—a sufficient rhyme for the nursery.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eden Warwick.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Birmingham.</p> + + <p>"<i>Hip, hip, hurrah!</i>" (Vol. viii., pp. 88. 323.).— <span + class="sc">Sir J. Emerson Tennent</span>, in answering <span + class="sc">Mr. Brent's</span> observation at p. 88., seems to have been + fighting a shadow. Upon reference to Mr. Chappell's <i>Collection</i>, + vol. ii. p. 38., quoted by <span class="sc">Mr. Brent</span>, it appears + that a note by Dr. Burney, in a copy of Hawkins's <i>History of + Music</i>, in the British Museum, is the authority for the reading:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hang up all the poor <i>hep</i> drinkers,</p> + <p>Cries old Sim, the King of skinkers."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>In the folio edition of Ben Jonson's <i>Works</i>, published by Thomas + Hodgkin, London, 1692, in which the "Leges Convivales" are I believe for + the first time printed, the verses over the door of the Apollo are given, + and the couplet runs:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Hang up all the poor <i>hop</i> drinkers,</p> + <p>Cries Old Sym, the King of skinkers."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Probably Mr. Chappell misread Dr. Burney's MS. note: at all events + <span class="sc">Mr. Brent's</span> ingenious suggestion is without + foundation.</p> + + <p class="author">A. F. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Diss.</p> + + <p><i>Dodo</i> (Vol. vii., p. 83.).—Dodo or Doun Bardolf married + Beatrix, daughter of William de Warren of Wormegay. She was a widow in + 1209, and remarried the famous Hubert de Burgh.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p> + + <p><i>Oaths</i> (Vol. viii., p. 364.).—Your correspondent assumes + that the act of kissing the Bible, or other book containing the Holy + Gospels, by a judicial witness, is a part of the oath itself. Is it such, + or is it merely an act of reverence to the book? In support of the latter + supposition, I would quote Archdeacon Paley, who says, that after + repeating the oath,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The juror kisses the book; the kiss, however, seems rather an act of + reverence to the contents of the book, as in the Popish ritual the priest + kisses the gospel before he reads it, than any part of the + oath."—<i>Mor. and Pol. Ph.</i>, p. 193., thirteenth edition.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In none of the instances given by C. S. G. does kissing the book + appear to be essential. Does not this rather favour Dr. Paley's + explanation? which, if it be correct, would, I think, afford grounds for + concluding that the practice of kissing the book accompanied the taking + of ancient oaths, and is not, as C. S. G. suggests, an addition of later + times.</p> + + <p>Again, may I bring forward the same authority in opposition to that + quoted by your correspondent with reference to the origin of the term + corporal oath:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It is commonly thought that oaths are denominated corporal oaths from + the bodily action which accompanies them, of laying the right hand upon a + book containing the four gospels. This opinion, however, appears to be a + mistake, for the term is borrowed from the ancient usage of touching upon + these occasions the <i>corporale</i>, or cloth, which covered the + consecrated elements."—P. 191.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">R. V. T.</p> + + <p class="address">Mincing Lane.</p> + + <p>The old custom of taking the judicial oath by merely laying the right + hand upon the book, is undoubtedly, thinks <span class="sc">Erica</span>, + of Pagan origin. In my humble opinion it is far too common with us to + ascribe things to Pagan origin. I would venture to assert that the origin + of this form of judicial oath may be traced to Deuteronomy xxi. 1-8., + where at the sacrifice offered up in expiation of secret murder, the + rulers of the city nearest the spot where the corpse was found were in + presence of the corpse to wash their hands <i>over</i> the victim, and + say, "Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our eyes see it."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ceyrep.</span></p> + + <p><i>Mayors and Sheriffs</i> (Vol. viii., p. 126.).—In answer to a + <span class="sc">Subscriber</span>, there can be little or no doubt, I + consider, but that the mayor of a town or borough is the principal and + most important officer, and ought to have precedence of a sheriff of a + town or borough. By stat. 5 & 6 Wm. IV. cap. 76. sec. 57., it is + enacted, "That the mayor for the time being of every borough shall, + during the time of his mayoralty, have precedence in all places within + the borough." As sheriffs of towns, and counties of towns, do not derive + their appointments from the Crown, but from the councils of their + respective towns, &c. (see sec. 61. of the <!-- Page 606 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page606"></a>{606}</span>above Act), I do not + imagine that they can legally claim precedence of mayors, on the alleged + ground of any "representation of Majesty," in the face of the particular + enactment above quoted; which, indeed, seems to me to give to the mayor + within his own borough precedence of a high sheriff of a county, if + present on any public occasion. I am not aware that the sheriff of + borough, as such, can "<i>claim</i> to have a grant of arms, if he has + not any previous;" although I have no doubt he may readily obtain one, + upon payment of the usual fees.</p> + + <p class="author">C. J.</p> + + <p><i>Mousehunt</i> (Vol. viii., p. 516.).—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A Mousehunt is a little animal of the species of weasel; it has a + very slender body, about the length of a rat, with a long hairy tail, + bushy at the end; the back is of a reddish-brown colour, the hair long + and smooth; the belly is white, as are also its feet; it runs very + swiftly, swaying its body as it moves along from side to side. The head + is short and narrow, with small ears, like those of a rat; the eyes are + black, piercing, and very bright. Their chief food is rats, mice, young + chickens, little birds, and eggs. They frequent mole-hills, and are often + caught in the traps set for the moles; they are destroyed by ferrets and + dogs. These mousehunts live, for the most part, in holes beneath the + roots of trees, or in old buildings."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The above description of the Mousehunt is given in <i>The History of a + Field-mouse</i> by Miss Black. Should it be thought of sufficient + authority to deserve a place in "N. & Q.," the coincidence which led + "Little Downy" to be read to a little girl on the morning of Nov. 26 will + amuse.</p> + + <p class="author">E. B. R.</p> + + <p><i>"Salus populi," &c.</i> (Vol. viii., p. 410.).—Selden, in + his <i>Table Talk</i> (art. <span class="sc">People</span>), states, on + what authority I know not, that this was part of the law of XII + Tables.</p> + + <p class="author">E. S. T. T.</p> + + <p><i>Love Charm from a Foal's Forehead</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 292.).—The word which H. P. wants is <i>Hippomanes</i>. The + reference which the Lexicons give is to Aristotle's <i>History of + Animals</i>, viii. 23. 5.</p> + + <p>I shall be glad to have some of H. P.'s references to Tacitus, as I + cannot now call one to mind. In connexion with the subject, I should like + to know if the white star, which used to be so fashionable on horses' + foreheads, was always or generally produced artificially.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Fraser.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p> + + <p><i>Land of Green Ginger</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 160. 227.). —So + named, in all probability, from green ginger having been manufactured + there. Green ginger was one of the favourite conserve of our ancestors, + and great quantities of it were made in this country from dried ginger + roots. In an old black-letter work without date, but unmistakeably of the + sixteenth century, entitled <i>The Book of pretty Cōceits, taken + out of Latine, French, Dutch, and English</i>, there is a receipt "To + make Green Ginger," commencing thus:—"Take rases of cased ginger + and use them in this sort." I need not quote the long-winded receipt. + Suffice it to say that dried ginger was placed in alternate layers with + fine white sand, and the whole mass kept constantly wet until the ginger + became quite soft. It was then washed, scraped clean, and put into sirup. + There can be no greater difficulty in finding a derivation for the Land + of Green Ginger, than for Pudding Lane, or Pie Corner.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. Pinkerton.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Ham.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + + <p>The Members of the <i>Camden Society</i> have just received two + volumes, with which we doubt not all will be well pleased. The first is a + farther portion, namely, from M to R, of Mr. Way's most valuable edition + of the <i>Promptorium Parvulorum</i>. A glance at the foot-notes, so rich + in philological illustration, and a knowledge that Mr. Way's labours have + been greatly impeded by his removal from London, where only he can meet + with the authorities which he is obliged to consult, may well explain the + delay which has taken place in its publication. But we doubt not that the + Camden Council are justified in the hope which they have expressed that + the favour with which the present portion is received, will encourage the + editor to proceed with all possible dispatch to the conclusion of the + work.</p> + + <p>Rich, like the <i>Promptorium</i>, in philological illustration, and + of the highest value as a contribution to the social history of the + thirteenth century, is the next work; and for which the Camden Members + are indebted to the learned Vicar of Holbeach, The Rev. James Morton. + <i>The Ancren Riwle; a Treatise on the Rules and Duties of Monastic + Life</i>, which he has edited and translated from a Semi-Saxon MS. of the + thirteenth century, is a work which many of our best scholars have long + desired to see in print,—we believe we may add, that many have + thought seriously of editing. The information to be derived from it, with + regard to the state of society, the learning and manners, the moral and + religious teaching, and the language of the period in which it was + written, is so various and so important, that it is clear the Camden + Society has done good service in selecting it for publication; while the + manner in which it has been edited by Mr. Morton, and the translation and + complete Glossarial Index with which he has enriched it, show that the + Council did equally well in their choice of an editor. The work does the + highest credit both to that gentleman and to the Camden Society.</p> + + <p>Mr Bridger, of 3. Keppel Street, Russell Square, is desirous of making + known to our readers that he is engaged in compiling a "Catalogue of + Privately Printed Books in Genealogy and kindred subjects," and to + solicit information in furtherance of his design, <!-- Page 607 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page607"></a>{607}</span>more especially with + regard to privately printed sheet pedigrees. The Catalogue will be + printed for private distribution, and he will be happy to give a copy to + any one who may favour him with communications.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Books Received.</span>—As usual, we have a + large item to enter under this head to the account of that enterprising + caterer of good and cheap books, Mr. Bohn. We have two volumes of his + <i>Standard Library</i>, namely, Adam Smith's <i>Theory of Moral + Sentiments; and Dissertation on the Origin of Languages, with the + Biographical and Critical Memoir of the Author</i>, by Dugald + Stewart—and a work of greater present interest, though in itself of + far less importance, namely, Ranke's <i>History of Servia</i>, and his + <i>Insurrection in Bosnia, translated from the German</i>, by Mrs. A. + Kerr, and the <i>Slave Provinces of Turkey, chiefly from the French</i> + of M. Cyprien Robert, a volume which will be read with eagerness in the + present condition of the political world. <i>Justin, Cornelius Nepos, and + Eutropius, literally translated, with Notes and a General Index</i>, by + the Reverend J. Selby Watson, M.A., forms the new volume of the same + publisher's <i>Classical Library</i>. Mr. Bohn has this month commenced a + New Series under the title of Bohn's <i>British Classics</i>. The first + work is an edition of Gibbon's <i>Decline and Fall</i>, with the notes of + Guizot, Wenck, and other continental writers; and farther illustrations + by an English Churchman. In thus choosing Gibbon, Mr. Bohn has not shown + his usual tact. He may not mean his edition to be a rival to that + published by Mr. Murray under the editorship of Dean Milman; but he will + find much difficulty in dissuading the reading world that it is not so + intended. We speak thus freely, because we have always spoken so freely + in commendation of Mr. Bohn's projects generally.—<i>Catalogue of + my English Library, collected and described</i> by Henry Stevens, F.S.A., + is a catalogue of the books essential to a good English library of about + 5000 volumes, and such as Mr. Stevens, the indefatigable supplier of book + rarities and book utilities to his American brethren, feels justified in + recommending. It would be found so capital a Hand-book to all classes, + that we are sorry to see it is only printed for private + distribution.—<i>The Botanist's Word-book</i>, by G. Macdonald, + Esq., and Dr. James Allan. This little vocabulary of the terms employed + in the Science of Botany, which may now almost be described as the + science of Long Names, will be found most useful by all who pursue that + fascinating study.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">The Friends.</span> 1773. 2 Vols.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Edinburgh Miscellany.</span> 1720.</p> + + <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p> + + <p>Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct + to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses + are given for that purpose:</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Ormerod's Cheshire.</span> Parts II. and X. Small + Paper.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Hemingway's Chester.</span> Parts I. and III. Large + Paper.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>T. Hughes</i>, 13. Paradise Row, Chester.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Aaron Hill's Plain Dealer.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Edinburgh Miscellany.</span> Edinb. 1720.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>F. Dinsdale</i>, Leamington.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Oxford Almanack</span> for 1719.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Amœnitates Academicæ.</span> Vol. I. Holmiæ, + 1749.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Ammanus</span> l. <span class="sc">Stirpes + Rariores.</span> Petrop. 1739.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Philosophical Transactions</span> for 1683.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Annals of Philosophy</span> for January, 1824.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Universal Magazine</span> for January, 1763.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Springel and Decandolle's Botany.</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Mr. H. T. Bobart</i>, Ashby-de-la-Zouch.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Laderchii Annales Ecclesiastici.</span> 3 Tom. Folio. + Romæ, 1728-37.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Bible</span> in Shorthand, according to the + method of Mr. James Weston, whose Shorthand Prayer Book was published in + the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, + 1687, would be given in exchange.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Loescher, De Latrociniis, quæ in Scriptores Publicos + solent committere hæretici.</span> 4to. Vitemb. 1674.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Loescher, Acta Reformationis.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Schramm, Dissert. de Librorum Prohibitorum + Indicibus.</span> 4to. Helmst. 1708.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Jamesii Specimen Corruptelarum Pontific.</span> 4to. + Lond. 1626.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Macedo, Diatribe de Cardinalis Bonæ + Erroribus.</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. Richard Gibbings</i>, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Peck's (Fr.) History of the Stamford Bull + Running.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Case of Mr. Sam. Bruckshaw considered.</span> + 8vo. or 12mo.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Mr. J. Phillips</i>, Stamford.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Recollections and Reflections during the Reign of + George III.</span>, by John Nicholls. 2 Vols. 8vo. London, Ridgway, + 1820.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>G. Cornewall Lewis</i>, Kent House, Knightsbridge.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3> + + <p><i>We have this week the pleasure of again presenting our readers with + a Thirty-two page Number, in consequence of the number of Advertisements + and the length of </i><span class="sc">Dr. Diamond's</span><i> valuable + paper. This latter we recommend to the attention of our antiquarian + friends, who will find, as we have done, that the process is at once + simple and certain, and one which may be mastered with very little + trouble.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Non-Medicus.</span> <i>Your correction of an obvious + blunder in the Registrar-General's Report is not fitted for our + columns.</i></p> + + <p>F. W. <i>The proverb</i> Good wine needs no bush <i>has reference to + the practice which formerly prevailed of hanging a tuft of ivy at the + door of a vintner, as we learn from</i>—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Now a days the good wyne needeth none ivye garland."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p><i>Ritson, in a note on the epilogue to Shakespeare's</i> As You Like + It, <i>speaks of the custom as then prevalent in Warwickshire, and as + having given the name to the well-known</i> Bush Inn <i>at + Bristol</i>.</p> + + <p>B. W. C. (Barum). <i>The subject is under serious consideration, but + the difficulties are greater than our friendly Correspondent + imagines.</i></p> + + <p>J. D. Les Lettres Cabalistiques <i>were written by M. D'Argens, the + author of</i> Les Lettres Juives <i>and</i> Les Lettres Chinoises.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. J. A. Dunkin</span>, <i>of Dartford, Kent, would + feel obliged with the loan of the following work</i>: Memoirs of the + Origin of the Incorporation of the Trinity House of Deptford Strond. + <i>It is not in the British Museum.</i></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore.</span>—<i>We propose next week to + present our readers with a Christmas Number, rich in</i> Folk Lore, + <i>and other kindred subjects</i>.</p> + + <p><i>Many replies to Correspondents are unavoidably postponed.</i></p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday</i>.</p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>," Vols. i. <i>to</i> vii., + <i>price Three Guineas and a Half.—Copies are being made up and may + be had by order.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 608 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page608"></a>{608}</span></p> + + <p>In small 8vo. volumes, neatly bound,</p> + + <p>THE PARLOUR BOOKCASE.</p> + + <p>The Volumes now Ready are:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Vol. 1. Sam Slick the Clockmaker. 5<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 2. —— the Attaché. 5<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 3. —— Letter Bag of the Great Western. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 4. Captain Marryat's Monsieur Violet. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 5. —— Olla Podrida. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 6. Mrs. Trollope's Domestic Manners of America. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 7. Paddiana; or, Irish Life. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 8. Salad for the Solitary. By an Epicure. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 9. Robert Chamber's History of Scotland. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2">10. Smith's Traditions of the Streets of London. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2">11. Maxwell's Wild Sports of the West. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2">12. Col. Cunynghame's Service in China. 5<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2">13. Fairholt's Eccentric Characters. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2">14. Maxwell's Czar, his Court and People. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2">15. Memoirs of Theodore Hook. 5<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2">16. The Hon. Mrs. Norton's Undying One. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2">17. Chalmeriana; or, Colloquies with Dr. Chalmers. By J. J. Gurney. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2">18. Brace's Home Life in Germany. 5<i>s.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>To be followed by:</p> + + <p>A History of China.—Mrs. Sinnett's Byeways of + History.—Beckford's Italy, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">RICHARD BENTLEY, New Burlington +Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>BENTLEY'S RAILWAY LIBRARY.</h3> + + <p>*** The Works in this Series are all copyright, and cannot be had in + any other collection.</p> + + <p>The new volume, published on the 15th inst., contains, THE TWO + BROTHERS.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4">Volumes already published:</p> + <p>Vol. 1. The Comic English Grammar. 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 2. Notes on Noses. 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 3. Morier's Adventures of Martin Toutrond. 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 4. The Old Sailor's "Nights at Sea." 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 5. Border Tales. By the Author of "Stories of Waterloo." 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 6. Col. Cunynghame's Great Western Republic. 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 7. Albert Smith's Comic Tales. 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 8. Broad Grins from China. 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2"> 9. Albert Smith's Life at Home and Abroad. 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2">10. Sketches of English Character. By Mrs. Gore. 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2">11. Professor Creasy's Battle of Waterloo. 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2">12. Emille Carlen's Brilliant Marriage. 1<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2">13. Merrimee's Colomba. A Story of Corsica. Double vol. 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + <p class="i2">14. Merrimee's Massacre of St. Bartholomew. A Chronicle of Charles IX. Double vol. 2<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2">15. John Drayton. the Liverpool Engineer. Double vol. 2<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2">16. Stella and Vanessa. A Romance of the Days of Swift. Double vol. 2<i>s.</i></p> + <p class="i2">17. Ned Myers. By J. Fenimore Cooper. 1<i>s.</i></p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>To be followed by</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Basil. By Wilkie Collins.</p> + <p>Stanley Thorn. By the Author of "Valentine Vox."</p> + </div> + </div> + +<p class="cenhead">RICHARD BENTLEY, New Burlington +Street.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">And to be had of all Booksellers, and at all +Railway Stations.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">In imperial quarto, beautifully printed in +colours, price 21<i>s.</i> half-bound morocco,</p> + + <p>ATLAS of CLASSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By A. KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., &c., + Author of the "Physical Atlas," &c. With a complete Index of Places. + by T. HARVEY, M.A.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS,<br /> +Edinburgh and London.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Of whom may be had,</p> + + <p>AN EDITION OF THE SAME WORK FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS, strongly + half-bound in octavo, price 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">In super-royal 16mo., illustrated by "Phiz," +price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth; 4<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> coloured, gilt edges.</p> + + <p>A PEEP AT THE PIXIES; or, LEGENDS OF THE WEST. BY MRS. BRAY. Author of + "The Life of Stothard," "Trelawny," &c.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Mrs. Bray's knowledge of the locality, her affection for her subject, + her exquisite feeling for nature, and her real delight in fairy lore, + have given a freshness to the little volume we did not expect. The notes + at the end contain matter of interest for all who feel a desire to know + the origin of such tales and legends."—<i>Art Journal.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">GRANT & GRIFFITH, Corner of St. Paul's +Churchyard.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, fcap. 8vo., price 5<i>s.</i> cloth,</p> + + <p>ANECDOTES of the HABITS and INSTINCTS of BIRDS, FISHES, and REPTILES. + By MRS. R. LEE, Author of "The African Wanderers," &c. Illustrations + by HARRISON WEIR.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">By the same Author,</p> + + <p>ANECDOTES of the HABITS and INSTINCT of ANIMALS. Illustrations by H. + WEIR. New Edition, 5<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Amusing, instructive, and ably written."—<i>Literary + Gazette.</i></p> + + <p>"Mrs. Lee's authorities—to name only one, Professor + Owen—are, for the most part, + first-rate."—<i>Athenæum.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">GRANT & GRIFFITH, Corner of St. Paul's +Churchyard.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>HEAL AND SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILTS are made in three + Varieties,—the BORDERED QUILT, the PLAIN QUILT, and the DUVET. The + Bordered Quilt is in the usual form of Bed Quilts, and is a most elegant + and luxurious article. The Plain Quilt is smaller, and is useful as an + extra covering on the bed, or as a wrapper in the carriage, or on the + couch. The Duvet is a loose case filled with Eider Down as in general use + on the Continent. Lists of Prices and Sizes sent free by Post, on + application to</p> + +<p class="cenhead">HEAL & SON'S Bedding Factory, +196. Tottenham Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., + in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, + may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each.</p> + + <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the + Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, +price 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS of NATURAL HISTORY, selected + from the "Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, in 8vo.; pp. 720; Plates 24; price 21<i>s.</i>, +or coloured, 36<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p>A HISTORY of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing + Descriptions of every Species, British and foreign; the methods of + procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. + BY ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."—<i>Silliman's Journal.</i>"</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, price 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p>MICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Reflecting and Solar Microscopes; + Eye-Pieces; Micrometers, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, edited by the same, price 18<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p>ENGLISH PATENTS; being a Register of all those granted in the Arts, + Manufactures, Chemistry, &c., during the first forty-five years of + this century.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">WHITTAKER & Co., Ave Maria Lane.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">On 15th of December, price 2<i>d.</i>; stamped, 3<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL MISCELLANY, NO. II., contains a reprint of the + very rare, and probably unique, Tract of SIR DUDLEY DIGGES on the + NORTH-WEST PASSAGE to India and China printed in 1611, and is appended to + JOHN PETHERAM'S CATALOGUE OF OLD AND NEW BOOKS (upwards of 1000 articles) + FOR DECEMBER, 1853.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN PETHERAM, 94. High Holborn.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">SALES BY AUCTION.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>This Evening, at 6.—Remainders of numerous magnificent + Illustrated Books.—By SOUTHGATE & BARRETT, at their Rooms, 22. + Fleet Street, THIS EVENING, December 15th, and following Evenings + (Saturday and Sunday excepted), at 6,</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>ROBERTS'S HOLY LAND, EGYPT, NUBIA, &c.; Digby Wyatt's Industrial + Arts of the Nineteenth Century (of both of which the lithographic stones + will be destroyed during the progress of the sale); Digby Wyatt's Metal + Work, and its Artistic Design; Kirby Wyatt's Geometrical Mosaics of the + Middle Ages; Darrell's China, India, and the Cape, coloured and mounted; + Nash's Mansions of England in the Olden Time; Gruner's Specimens of + Ornamental Art; Musée Royal (picked proofs before the letters); + Richardson's Studies from Old English Mansions; and a great number of + Books of Prints by eminent Artists will be sold in this Sale. Catalogues + (1<i>s.</i> each, returnable to Purchasers) will be forwarded to + gentlemen sending their Address.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>This Evening, at 6. First Class English Engravings.—By SOUTHGATE + & BARRETT, at their Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, THIS EVENING, Dec. 15, + and following Evenings, at 6,</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>CHOICE ENGRAVINGS, including all the best Productions of Sir Edwin + Landseer, R.A.; comprising the Stag at Bay (both large and small), the + Cover Hack, the Drive, Three Sporting Dogs, Return from the Warren, the + Mothers, complete Sets of his Etchings, and others; Turner's Dover and + Hastings; Ansdell's Just Caught; the Halt, and the Combat; Webster's + Rubber; Etty's Judgment of Paris; Harvey's Bowlers, and First Reading of + the Bible in Old St. Paul's; Murillo's Holy Family; the Rainbow, by + Constable; Mated and Checkmated, the Duet, and other graceful + Compositions by Frank Stone; Going With and against the Stream, after + Jenkins; and numerous others. All in the finest possible states.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 609 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page609"></a>{609}</span></p> + +<h3>PRIVATELY PRINTED BOOKS, +SOLD BY</h3> + +<h2>JOHN RUSSELL SMITH,</h2> + +<h3>36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON.</h3> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>These Works are printed in quarto, uniform with the Club-Books, and + the series is now completed. Their value chiefly consists in the rarity + and curiosity of the pieces selected, the notes being very few in number. + The impression of each work is most strictly limited.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">I.</p> + + <p>MORTE ARTHURE: The Alliterative Romance of the Death of King Arthur; + now first printed, from a Manuscript in the Library of Lincoln Cathedral. + Seventy-five Copies printed. 5<i>l.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>*** A very curious Romance, full of allusions interesting to the + Antiquary and Philologist. It contains nearly eight thousand lines.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">II.</p> + + <p>THE CASTLE OF LOVE: A Poem, by ROBERT GROSTESTE, Bishop of Lincoln; + now first printed from inedited MSS. of the Fourteenth Century. One + Hundred Copies printed. 15<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>*** This is a religious poetical Romance, unknown to Warton. Its + poetical merits are beyond its age.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">III.</p> + + <p>CONTRIBUTIONS TO EARLY ENGLISH LITERATURE, derived chiefly from Rare + Books and Ancient Inedited Manuscripts from the Fifteenth to the + Seventeenth Century. Seventy-five Copies printed.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>*** Out of print separately, but included in the few remaining + complete sets.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">IV.</p> + + <p>A NEW BOKE ABOUT SHAKESPEARE AND STRATFORD-ON-AVON, illustrated with + numerous woodcuts and facsimiles of Shakespeare's Marriage Bond, and + other curious Articles. Seventy-five Copies printed. 1<i>l.</i> + 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">V.</p> + + <p>THE PALATINE ANTHOLOGY. An extensive Collection of Ancient Poems and + Ballads relating to Cheshire and Lancashire; to which is added THE + PALATINE GARLAND. One Hundred and Ten Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i> + 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">VI.</p> + + <p>THE LITERATURE OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES, illustrated + by Reprints of very Rare Tracts. Seventy-five Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i> + 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p><span class="sc">Contents</span>:—Harry White his Humour, set + forth by M. P.—Comedie of the two Italian Gentlemen—Tailor's + Travels from London to the Isle of Wight, 1648—Wyll Bucke his + Testament—The Booke of Merry Riddles, 1629—Comedie of All for + Money, 1578—Wine, Beere, Ale, and Tobacco, 1630—Johnson's New + Booke of New Conceites, 1630—Love's Garland, 1624.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">VII.</p> + + <p>THE YORKSHIRE ANTHOLOGY.—An Extensive Collection of Ballads and + Poems, respecting the County of Yorkshire. One Hundred and Ten Copies + printed. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>*** This Work contains upwards of 400 pages, and includes a reprint of + the very curious Poem, called "Yorkshire Ale," 1697, as well as a great + variety of Old Yorkshire Ballads.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">VIII, IX.</p> + + <p>A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, printed in Two Volumes, + Quarto (Preface omitted), to range with Todd's "Johnson," with Margins + sufficient for Insertions. One Hundred and Twelve Copies printed in this + form. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">X.</p> + + <p>SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF SEVERAL THOUSAND BILLS, ACCOUNTS. AND + INVENTORIES, Illustrating the History of Prices between the Years 1650 + and 1750, with Copious Extracts from Old Account-Books. Eighty Copies + printed. 1<i>l.</i> 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XI.</p> + + <p>THE POETRY OF WITCHCRAFT, Illustrated by Copies of the Plays on the + Lancashire Witches, by Heywood and Shadwell, viz., the "Late Lancashire + Witches," and the "Lancashire Witches and Tegue O'Divelly, the Irish + Priest." Eighty Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XII.</p> + + <p>THE NORFOLK ANTHOLOGY, a Collection of Poems, Ballads, and Rare + Tracts, relating to the County of Norfolk. Eighty Copies printed. + 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XIII.</p> + + <p>SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES, COINS, MANUSCRIPTS, RARE + BOOKS, AND OTHER RELIQUES, Illustrative of the Life and Works of + Shakespeare. Illustrated with Woodcuts. Eighty Copies printed. 1<i>l.</i> + 1<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">XIV.</p> + + <p>SOME ACCOUNT OF THE MSS. PRESERVED IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, PLYMOUTH: a + Play attributed to Shirley, a Poem by N. BRETON, and other Miscellanies. + Eighty Copies printed. 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>*** A Complete Set of the Fourteen Volumes, 21<i>l.</i> A reduction + made in favour of permanent libraries on application, it being obvious + that the works cannot thence return into the market to the detriment of + original subscribers.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 610 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page610"></a>{610}</span></p> + +<h3>NEW EDITIONS, ETC. ISSUED BY</h3> + +<h2>H. WASHBOURNE & CO.,</h2> + +<h3>25. IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW.</h3> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>PICTORIAL BOOK OF ANCIENT BALLAD POETRY OF GREAT BRITAIN, Historical, + Traditional, and Romantic, Chronologically arranged, with Introductory + Notices, Historical and Critical; together with a Selection of Modern + Imitations, and some Translations, revised and enlarged. 15<i>s.</i> + 8vo., Roxburghe Style, or 2 vols. cloth.</p> + + <p>MARTIN'S ILLUSTRATED MILTON'S PARADISE LOST. 24 large Engravings. + Imperial 8vo. 1<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> half-bound morocco; + 2<i>l.</i> 2<i>s.</i> morocco, elegantly gilt.</p> + + <p>*** Another Edition, Large Paper, imp. 4to. ILLUSTRATED BY MARTIN'S + LARGER PLATES, good Impressions, half-bound russia elegant, 3<i>l.</i> + 3<i>s.</i> (Only 100 Copies printed.)</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"He is more original, more self-dependent, than Raffaele or Michael + Angelo; they perfected the style of others—of Massaccio and + Signorelli; Martin borrowed from none."—<i>Sir E. L. B. + Lytton.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>Cheap, Compact, and Complete +Editions, Octavo.</h3> + + <p>SPENSER'S WORKS. Portrait, &c. 9<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>SPECTATOR, with Portraits and Lives of the Authors. 9<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, by FORSTER. 7<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>PERCY'S RELIQUES of ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY. 3 vols. fcap. 8vo., with + Illuminated Titles, 15<i>s.</i> cloth; 18<i>s.</i> half-morocco; + 1<i>l.</i> 11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> morocco antique.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, to match,</p> + + <p>ELLIS'S SPECIMENS OF EARLY POETS. 3 vols.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Washbourne's Editions of Percy and Ellis are tempting + books."—<i>Gentleman's Magazine.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>MASSINGER'S WORKS, by GIFFORD. Portrait, &c. 9<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>BOSWELL'S LIFE OF DR. JOHNSON, by MALONE. 6<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>WALTON'S LIVES OF DONNE, WOTTON, HOOKER, HERBERT, &c. (MAJOR'S). + 76 Engravings, and Notes. Small 8vo., 9<i>s.</i> cloth; 14<i>s.</i> + morocco, or calf antique; also L. P. crown 8vo., cloth, 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">An enlarged Edition, with 4,000 Plates, 2 vols. +21<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>BOOK of FAMILY CRESTS, &c.; with upwards of 4,000 Engravings, + illustrative of the Crests of nearly every Family.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"No wonder this book sells."—<i>Spectator.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The best recommendation as to its correctness (in the main) is, that + it has been used as a book of reference in the Heralds' College.</p> + + <p>BOOK OF MOTTOES, with Translations and Bearers' Names, cloth gilt, + 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">Fourteenth Edition, and 80th Year of its Publication,</p> + + <p>CLARK'S INTRODUCTION to HERALDRY. Upwards of 1,000 Plates, including + the Arms of numerous Families, small 8vo. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; + correctly coloured, 18<i>s.</i>; or, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> on paper + prepared for Learners.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I do not think I can offer better information than will be found in + Clark's Introduction to Heraldry."—<i>Basil Montagu.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">Illustrated by 100 Portraits and Engravings on +Copper and Wood.</p> + + <p>BUTLER'S HUDIBRAS, by DR. NASH, with some of Gray's Notes. 2 vols. + crown 8vo., 18<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>HERBERT'S POEMS AND COUNTRY PARSON, complete: 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> + cloth; 7<i>s.</i> morocco; 9<i>s.</i> antique morocco or calf.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">*** Please to note WASHBOURNE'S Editions.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, Fourth and Cheaper Edition, in +cloth and coloured, 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>BIBLE MAPS; an Historical and Descriptive Atlas of Scripture + Geography, wherein the Ancient Authorities are verified, and corrected + from the Information of Modern Travellers up to the present Time. With + Copious Index. By WILLIAM HUGHES, F.R.G.S.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: J. W. PARKER & SON, West +Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the + possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his + Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors end Gentlemen + engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to + undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, + Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch + of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which + he has had considerable experience.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, +HATCHAM, SURREY.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series), consisting of Criticisms upon, + Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious Useful and Valuable Old Books. + Vol. I. Pp. 436. Cloth, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Part V., price 2<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i>, published Quarterly, is now ready.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Price 2<i>s.</i>, or, Post Free, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> in Stamps.</p> + + <p>PANTOMIME BUDGETS: contains Notes and Queries on Things in General, + and Taxation in particular.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">CROSS & SON, 18. Holborn.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.—EXPERIMENTAL +CHEMISTRY.</p> + + <p>AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets + and Portable Laboratories, 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, + 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 21<i>s.</i>, 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 42<i>s.</i>, + 63<i>s.</i>, and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6<i>d.</i> "Illustrated + Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29<i>c.</i> Rotherfield Street, + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">In 1 vol. 8vo., price 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p>MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE AND WRITINGS of JOHN PYE SMITH, D.D., LL.D., + &c., late Theological Tutor of the Old College, Homerton. By JOHN + MEDWAY.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: JACKSON & WALFORD, +18. St. Paul's Churchyard.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">In fcap. 8vo., price 6<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p>A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH of the REV. JOSEPH GILBERT. By HIS WIDOW. With + Recollections of the Discourses of his Closing Years, from Notes at the + Time. By One of his Sons.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: JACKSON & WALFORD, +18. St. Paul's Churchyard.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">In fcap. 8vo., with Vignette, price 5<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p>SCENES in OTHER LANDS; with their Associations. By JOHN STOUGHTON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: JACKSON & WALFORD, +18. St. Paul's Churchyard.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">In fcap. 8vo., price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, sewed, a revised and +Cheaper Edition of</p> + + <p>THE AGE AND CHRISTIANITY. By ROBERT VAUGHAN, D.D.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: JACKSON & WALFORD, +18. St. Paul's Churchyard.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">In fcp. 8vo., price 5<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p>PRAYERS. Chiefly adapted for Times and Occasions of Personal Trial. By + JOHN SHEPPARD.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: JACKSON & WALFORD, +18. St. Paul's Churchyard.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Second Edition, in fcap. 8vo., price 4<i>s.</i> cloth.</p> + + <p>THE REUNION and RECOGNITION of CHRISTIANS in the LIFE to COME. The + Right Love of Creatures and of the Creator. Christian Conversation. In + Three Essays. By JOHN SHEPPARD.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: JACKSON & WALFORD, +18. St. Paul's Churchyard.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">In square crown 8vo., price 21<i>s.</i>; or, 36<i>s.</i> bound +in morocco.</p> + + <p>GOLDSMITH'S POETICAL WORKS. Edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With Engravings + on Wood, from Designs by Members of the Etching Club.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Apart from the grace and beauty of the illustrations, it is by far + the most correct and careful of the existing + editions."—<i>Forster's Life of Goldsmith.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, +& LONGMANS.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Price One Guinea, in massive carved covers; +or 30<i>s.</i> bound,</p> + + <p>MIRACLES OF OUR LORD, illuminated in the Missal Style. By HENRY NOEL + HUMPHREYS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">By the same Illuminator,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>PARABLES OF OUR LORD.</p> + <p>MAXIMS AND PRECEPTS OF THE SAVIOUR.</p> + <p>BOOK OF RUTH.</p> + <p>RECORD OF THE BLACK PRINCE.</p> + <p>SENTIMENTS AND SIMILES OF SHAKSPEARE.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<p class="cenhead">London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, +& LONGMANS.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 611 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page611"></a>{611}</span></p> + +<h2>Solicitors' & General Life +Assurance Society,</h2> + + <p>52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.</p> + + <p>Subscribed Capital, <i>ONE MILLION</i>.</p> + + <p>THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:</p> + + <p>The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION.</p> + + <p>Exemption of the Assured from all Liability.</p> + + <p>Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives.</p> + + <p>Participating and Non-Participating Premiums.</p> + + <p>In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are + divided amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the + sum assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.</p> + + <p>No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest + on Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.</p> + + <p>POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of + fraud.</p> + + <p>At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of + nearly Two Per Cent. per annum on the <i>amount assured</i>, or at the + rate of from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the <i>Premiums + paid</i>.</p> + + <p>POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been + paid.</p> + + <p>Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.</p> + + <p>The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be + effected by applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at + the Office of the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite + information can be obtained.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE +AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i></p> + + +<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors"> + <tr> + <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br /> + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.<br /> + G. H. Drew, Esq.<br /> + W. Evans, Esq.<br /> + W. Freeman, Esq.<br /> + F. Fuller, Esq.<br /> + J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + + </td> + <td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> + J. Hunt, Esq.<br /> + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br /> + E. Lucas, Esq.<br /> + J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br /> + J. B. White, Esq.<br /> + J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Trustees.</i>—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> +<i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br /> +<i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + +<table width="35%" class="nobctr" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 17</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">14</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 32</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">10</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 22</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 37</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 27</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">5</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 42</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">3</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +</tr></table> + +<p class="cenhead">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic + Establishments.—The superiority of this preparation is now + universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and + principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto + no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect + pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases + where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale + price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and + Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Caution.</span>—Each Bottle is Stamped with a + Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to + counterfeit which is felony.</p> + + <p>CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware + of purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable + detergent. The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with + a Red Label bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, + CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and + may be procured of all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1<i>s</i>., + 2<i>s</i>., and 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. + St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon + Street, Wholesale Agents.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>POLICY HOLDERS in other COMPANIES, and intending Assurers generally, + are invited to examine the Rates, Principles, and Progress of the + SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only Society in which the Advantages + of Mutual Assurance can be secured by moderate Premiums. Established + 1837. Number of Policies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and a Half + Millions.</p> + + <p>Full Reports and every Information had (Free) on Application.</p> + + <p>*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp Duty; and attention is + invited to the circumstance that Premiums payable for Life Assurance are + now allowed as a Deduction from Income in the Returns for Income Tax.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>GEORGE GRANT, Resident Sec.</p> + <p>London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHY.</p> + + <p>A COMPLETE SET OF APPARATUS for 4<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i>, containing an + Expanding Camera, with warranted Double Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a + Portable Stand, Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and Baths, complete.</p> + + <p>PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achromatic combination, from 1<i>l.</i> + 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Adjustment, from 25<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting Art, 1s., by post free. + 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>French Polished MAHOGANY STEREOSCOPES, from 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> A + large assortment of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same in Daguerreotype, + Calotype, or Albumen, at equally low prices.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES.</p> + + <p>Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE, with all the latest + improvement and apparatus, complete from 3<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i>, at</p> + +<p class="cenhead">C. BAKER'S. Optical and Mathematical Instrument +Warehouse, 244. High Holborn (opposite +Day & Martin's).</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most + celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of + the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission + 6<i>d.</i> A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; + Three extra Copies for 10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, +168. NEW BOND STREET.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining + Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, + according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED + FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the + Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to + any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking + either Views or Portraits.—The Trade supplied.</p> + + <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing + Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, + Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p> + + <p>New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. + Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a + Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of + Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the + keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their + manufacture has been esteemed.</p> + + <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice + of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p> + + <p>THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price + 1<i>s.</i>, per Post, 1<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>SPECTACLES.—Every Description of SPECTACLES and EYE-GLASSES for + the Assistance of Vision, adapted by means of Smee's Optometer: that + being the only correct method of determining the exact focus of the + Lenses required, and of preventing injury to the sight by the use of + improper Glasses.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">BLAND & LONG. Opticians, 153. Fleet +Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description + of upwards of 100 articles consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, + Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and + other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post + on receipt of Two Stamps.</p> + + <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their + Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new + Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best + articles of the kind ever produced.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.—Containing Colours, Pencils, + &c., with printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price + 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>MILLER'S, Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56. Long Acre, London; and at + her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p><!-- Page 612 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page612"></a>{612}</span></p> + +<h2>BOOKS SUITABLE FOR CHRISTMAS PRESENTS,</h2> + +<p class="cenhead">PUBLISHED BY</p> + +<h2>MR. JOHN HENRY PARKER,</h2> + +<h3>OXFORD; and 377. STRAND LONDON.</h3> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. With Fifty Illustrations, from Designs by + Ancient and Modern Artists. Selected by the REV. H. J. ROSE and REV. + J. W. BURGON. In One handsome Volume, 8vo. The Prayer-Book is printed in + very large type, with Rubrics in Red. Elegantly bound in antique calf, + with vermillion edges, 2<i>l.</i> 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>DAILY CHURCH SERVICES. In One Portable Volume, containing the Prayers + and Lessons for Daily Use: or, the Course of Scripture Readings for the + Year, authorised by the Church. Also, a Table of the Proper Lessons for + Sundays and Holydays, with References to the Pages. Price 10<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i>, bound; 16<i>s.</i> in Hayday's morocco.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>This volume will be found equally useful to those who read the Church + Service at home, as for those who use it at church, as the lessons and + services for every day are distinctly marked, forming a very suitable + book for a present. It is also kept by any respectable bookseller in a + variety of elegant bindings.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>OF THE IMITATION OF CHRIST. Four Books. By THOMAS à KEMPIS. A New + Edition, revised, handsomely printed in fcap. 8vo., with Vignettes and + red florinted borders taken from the ancient MSS. Cloth, 5<i>s.</i> Also + in antique calf binding, vermillion edges, 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With brief Accounts + of the Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images + are most frequently met with in England; the Early Christian and Mediæval + Symbols; and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo., + 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; or bound in antique calf, 16<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A HISTORY of the CHURCH OF ENGLAND, to the REVOLUTION of 1688. By the + late REV. J. B. S. CARWITHEN, B.D. A new Edition, edited by the REV. + W. R. BROWELL, M.A., 2 vols. small 8vo., 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. By JOHN BUNYAN. A New Edition, adapted by the + REV. J. M. NEALE, M.A., for the Use of Children of the Church of England. + Fcap. 8vo., handsomely bound in gilt cloth, with Woodcuts, 3<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>TRACTS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. First Series. Four Vols., cloth, + 18<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>TRACTS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. Second Series. Four Vols., cloth, + 15<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>SERMONS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. A Series of Plain Sermons for + Sunday Reading. Four Vols., fcap. 8vo., 16<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A PLAIN COMMENTARY on the GOSPEL of ST. MATTHEW. with numerous + Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo., 6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>WILSON'S SACRA PRIVATA. From the original MSS. Second Edition. Fcap. + 8vo., antique cloth, red edges, 6<i>s</i>; antique calf, red edges, + 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE PSALTER AND THE GOSPEL. The Life, Suffering, and Triumph of our + Blessed Lord, revealed in the Book of Psalms. Fcap. 8vo., uniform with + the Plain Commentary on the Four Holy Gospels. 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>A selection of the most striking of the parallel passages contained in + the Psalter and the Gospel.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>SCOTLAND and the SCOTTISH CHURCH. By the REV. HENRY CASWALL, M.A., + Vicar of Figheldean, Wilts; Author of "America and the American Church," + &c. &c., and a Proctor in Convocation for the Diocese of + Salisbury. Fcap. 8vo., 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A SHORT EXPLANATION of the NICENE CREED, for the Use of Persons + beginning the Study of Theology. By A. P. FORBES, D.C.L., Bishop of + Brechin. Fcap. 8vo., cloth 6<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>TEN SERMONS IN ILLUSTRATION OF THE CREED. By the REV. W. G. TUPPER, + Warden of the House of Charity, Soho; and late Scholar of Trinity + College, Oxford. Fcap. 8vo., cloth, 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"In his 'Sermons on the Creed,' Mr. Tupper has condensed, with much + painstaking, and an evident sense of deep responsibility, the dogmatic + teaching of the Church."—<i>Christian Remembrancer.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>A NEW EDITION of DAILY STEPS TOWARDS HEAVEN. A Small Pocket Volume, + containing a few Practical Thoughts on the Gospel History: with Texts for + every Day in the Year, commencing with Advent. Fifth Edition. In roan + binding, gilt edges, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>DESCRIPTIONS OF CANAAN; being an Account of the Mountains, Rivers, and + Towns of the Holy Land. By the REV. C. P. WILBRAHAM. Fcap. 8vo., with + Map, cloth, 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>*** This Manual is particularly adapted to the use of Parochial + Schools.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>TALES AND STORIES FOR +CHRISTMAS.</h3> + + <p>OLD CHRISTMAS. A Tale. 16mo. 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>THE SINGERS OF THE SANCTUARY, and the MISSIONARY; Two Tales. By the + Author of "Angels Work." 16mo. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>ANGELS' WORK; or, the Choristers of St. Mark's. Second Edition. + 2<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>ANN ASH; or, the History of a Foundling. A Narrative founded on Fact. + By the Author of "Charlie Burton," "The Broken Arm," &c. 18mo. + 2<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>KENNETH; or, the Rear Guard of the Grand Army. By the Author of + "Scenes and Characters," "Kings of England," "Heir of Redclyffe" &c. + Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>SPECULATION A Tale. By the REV. W. E. HEYGATE. Fcap. 8vo. + 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>PASTOR OF WELBOURNE AND HIS FLOCK. 18mo. 2<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>LITTLE MARY. Third Edition. 18mo. 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>HENRY VERNON; or, the Little Anglo-Indian. A New Edition. 18mo. + 1<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>ADA'S THOUGHTS; or, the Poetry of Youth. Fcap. 8vo., cloth, gilt + edges, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> (Just Ready.)</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>SMALL BOOKS FOR PRESENTS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">THE PRACTICAL CHRISTIAN'S +LIBRARY: a Series of Cheap Publications +for General Circulation.</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Times by steamer." title="Times by steamer."> +<tr><td class="spacsingle"> </td><td class="spacsingle"><i>s.</i> <i>d.</i></td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Learn to Die (Sutton) </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Private Devotions (Spinckes) </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">The Imitation of Christ (à Kempis) </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Manual of Prayer for the Young (Ken) </td><td class="spacsingle">0 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">The Golden Grove (Taylor) </td><td class="spacsingle">0 9</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Life of Ambrose Bonwicke </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Life of Bishop Bull (Nelson) </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Companion to the Prayer Book </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Selections from Hooker (Keble) </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Practical Christian (Sherlock). Part I. 2<i>s.</i> Part II. 2<i>s.</i>; 1 vol. </td><td class="spacsingle">4 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Learn to Live (Sutton) </td><td class="spacsingle">2 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Doctrine of the English Church (Heylin) </td><td class="spacsingle">0 8</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Holy Living (Bp. Taylor) </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Holy Dying (Bp. Taylor) </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Tracts on the Church (Jones of Nayland) </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Figurative Language of Holy Scripture (Jones of Nayland)</td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Confessions of St. Augustine </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Exposition of the Catechism (Nicholson) </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Thoughts on Religion (Pascal) </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Wilson on the Lord's Supper </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Wilson's Sacra Privata </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>LITTLE BOOKS FOR PRESENTS,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">SELECTED FROM THE PAROCHIAL +TRACTS.</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Times by steamer." title="Times by steamer."> +<tr><td class="spacsingle"> </td><td class="spacsingle"><i>s.</i> <i>d.</i></td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Words of Advice and Warning, limp </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Baptism, limp </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">The Chief Truths, limp </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">The Church Service, limp </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">The Holy Catholic Church, limp </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Tracts on the Ten Commandments, limp </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Confirmation, limp </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">The Lord's Supper, limp </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Meditation and Prayer, limp </td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Tracts for Female Penitents, limp </td><td class="spacsingle">1 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Tracts on the Prayer Book, cloth </td><td class="spacsingle">3 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Daily Office for the Use of Families, roan</td><td class="spacsingle">1 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Tales and Allegories, Illustrated, cloth, gilt</td><td class="spacsingle">3 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Parochial Tales, cloth, gilt </td><td class="spacsingle">2 6</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Tracts for Cottagers, cloth, gilt </td><td class="spacsingle">2 0</td></tr> +<tr><td class="spacsingle">Devotions for the Sick, cloth </td><td class="spacsingle">2 6</td></tr> +</table> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">THE PENNY POST for 1853 +is now ready, bound in cloth, lettered with +Frontispiece, price 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5 New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and + Published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, December + 17, 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 216, +December 17, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC. 17, 1853 *** + +***** This file should be named 30595-h.htm or 30595-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/5/9/30595/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 216, December 17, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: December 4, 2009 [EBook #30595] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC. 17, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{581} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 216.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 17. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Teaching a Dog French, by Arthur Paget 581 + The Religion of the Russians 582 + Leicestershire Epitaphs, by William Kelly 582 + Longfellow's "Reaper and the Flowers" 583 + + MINOR NOTES:--"Receipt" or "Recipe"--Death of Philip III. + of Spain--Churchwardens--Epigram--Oxford Commemoration Squib, + 1849--Professor Macgillivray--Manifesto of the Emperor + Nicholas 583 + + QUERIES:-- + William Cookworthy, the Inventor of British Porcelain, + by J. Prideaux 585 + Catholic Floral Directories, &c. 585 + George Alsop 585 + + MINOR QUERIES:--B. L. M.--Member of Parliament electing + himself--"Suaviter in modo, fortiter in re"--Jacobite Garters + --Daughters taking their Mothers' Names--General Fraser--A + Punning Divine--Contango--Pedigree to the Time of Alfred-- + "Service is no inheritance"--Antiquity of Fire-irons-- + General Wolfe at Nantwich--"Corporations have no Souls," + &c.--Leeming Family--MS. Poems and Songs--Bishop Watson 585 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Herbert's "Memoirs of the Last + Years of Charles I."--"Liturgy of the Ancients"--"Ancient + hallowed Dee"--Who was True Blue?--Charge of Plagiarism + against Paley--Weber's "Cecilia"--Andrew Johnson--MS. by + Glover--Gurney's Short-hand--Spurious Don Quixote 587 + + REPLIES:-- + + Pronunciation of Hebrew Names and Words in the Bible, by + T. J. Buckton, &c. 590 + Lord Halifax and Mrs. Catherine Barton, by Weld Taylor 590 + Inscriptions in Books 591 + Praying to the West 592 + "Green Eyes," by C. Forbes, &c. 592 + The Myrtle Bee, by W. R. D. Salmon 593 + Tin 593 + Milton's Widow 594 + Books chained to Desks in Churches--Old Parochial Libraries 595 + The Court-house, by P. H. Fisher 596 + + PHOTOGRAPHY.--On the Simplicity of the Calotype Process, + by Dr. Diamond 596 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Belike--Stage-coaches--Birthplace + of King Edward V.--Ringing Church Bells at Death--What is + the Origin of "Getting into a Scrape?"--High Dutch and Low + Dutch--Discovery of Planets--Gloves at Fairs--Awk--Tenet-- + Lovett of Astwell--Irish Rhymes--Passage in Boerhaave-- + Unkid--To split Paper--La Fleur des Saints--Dr. Butler and + St. Edmund's Bury, &c. 600 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 606 + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 607 + Notices to Correspondents 607 + Advertisements 608 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +TEACHING A DOG FRENCH. + +"N. & Q." the other day (Vol. viii., p. 464.) contained a curious tale of a +cat: will you insert as a pendent the following one of a dog? The +supposition that D. Julio was some obnoxious Frenchman protected by the +Government, seems necessary to account for the "teachyng a dogg frenche" in +front of his door constituting such a dire offence. His name occurs, if I +remember rightly, in Dr. Dee's _Diary_ (Cam. Soc.), but I have not the book +at hand to refer to. Perhaps some of your correspondents may inform me who +he was. The original is in the Lansdowne MS. (114. No. 8.) in the British +Museum; and the fact of its being amongst Lord Burleigh's papers shows that +the occurrence took place between 1571 and 1598, the respective dates of +his appointment as "l tresurer" and his death. + +ARTHUR PAGET. + + * * * * * + +"_D. Julio's Abstract of the Deposicons of ye witnesses sworne touching ye +speches of John Paget_. + + "To proue that one William (sic) Paget, on the V^{th} day of this + present moneth, being Friday, betwixt VIII and IX of the clocke at + nyght, went vp and down teachyng a dogg frenche. + + "1. M^{ris} Karter, a jentilwoman borne, sayeth, that about the same + tym, she did hear the said Paget, that he wold teache his dogg to speak + frenche. + + "2. M^{ris} Anne Coot, a jentilwoman, affirmeth the same. + + "3. One William Poyser, yeoman, sayeth, that he harde Paget saye that + he wold make his dogg speake as good frenche as any of them. + + "4. James Hudson sayeth, that standing at his maisters doore he did + hear Paget speake to his dogg in a straunge language, but what language + he knew not. + + "5. Edward, a grosser, is to be deposed that he harde Paget say, I will + teache my dogg to speake frenche, and was talking with his dogg in + frenche. + + "To proue that the sayd Paget did say, Shortlye will come vnto the + realme frenche dogges, I hope I shall see thame all rootted out. + + "1. M^{ris} Karter sayeth, she harde Paget say, Shortlie wil come vnto + the realme frenche dogges, I hope I shall see thame all rootted out. + + {582} + + "2. M^{ris} Anne Coot affirmeth the same. + + "3. William Poyser sayeth, he harde Paget say, Within this week or two, + there will come a great many frenche dogges. + + "4. M^{ris} Eleonore Borgourneci vppon her othe affirmeth the same. + + "5. The l maior writteth in his l[=r]e to my l tresurer that Paget + affirmeth before him that he wold the realme were ryd of all yll + straungers, adding this qualification. [Qualification not given.] + + "To proue the great assembly that was with Paget, before D. Julio + came home to his howse. + + "1. John Polton saieth, when his maister came home there was about a + hundreth persone of men, women, and chyldren, vp and downe there. + + "2. James Hudson sayeth, that he thinketh there was about ^{XX}IIII + people assembled in the streett before this examinat his maister came + home. + + "3. Richard Preston sayeth, that there was in his iudgement aboue a + hundred people in the streett before this deponets maister came home, + and after his m^r came home the nomber of the people were greater. + + "To proue that the sayd Paget did resiste to the constable when he + came to apprehend him. + + "1. William Poyser sayeth, when the constable came to apprehende the + sayd Paget he kept the constable out with force, and sayd he should not + enter on him. + + "2. James Hudson sayeth, Paget wold not suffer the constable to entere + vnto his howse, but sayd if any man will entere vnto this howse, yf it + were not f^r felony or treason to apprehend him, he wold kill hym, yf + he could, f^r he sayd his howse was his castell. + + "3. Richard Preston sayeth, when the constable came to apprehende + Pagett, he hauing a bill or halberd in his hand, did keape him out of + his howse, and sayd, he showld not enter except it were f^r felonye or + treason, or that he brought my l maiors warrant." + + * * * * * + +THE RELIGION OF THE RUSSIANS. + +Public attention being very particularly directed towards the Russian +nation at the present time, a few remarks regarding some peculiarities in +their manner of worship, &c., which probably are not generally known, may +be interesting. + +I have been for some time past endeavouring to determine the exact nature +of the homage the Russians pay to the "gods"--whether they should be called +_images_ or _pictures_? and whether the Russians should be considered +idolaters or not? + +Whenever a Russian passes a church, his custom is to cross himself (some do +so three times, accompanying it with bowing). In every room in their houses +an image (or picture) is placed in the east corner, before which they +uncover their heads and cross themselves on entering. + +Their churches are filled with these their representatives of the deity, +and it is very curious to observe a devout Russian kissing the toe of one, +crossing himself before another, while to another he will in addition +prostrate himself, even with his head to the ground; this latter is also +very frequently done at intervals during the celebration of their services: +but their churches are always open, so that if any one wants to pay +devotion to a particular image (or picture) while no service is going on, +he can do so. + +I understand that they consider they worship the deity through these +representations. In the present day these gods are called _obraaz_, of +which the literal translation is _image_. The old Sclavonic word for them +is _eekona_, which was formerly in general use, and has exactly the same +meaning, answering to the Greek word [Greek: eikon]. As far as I can make +out, neither of these words can be translated _picture_; but I do not +remember to have found this point touched upon in any books I I have read +on Russia or its religion; and hope, if any correspondent is able to give +us farther information on the subject, he will do so. + +The Russians also believe in relics, in their efficacy in healing diseases, +working other miracles, &c. Notwithstanding this, a very short time ago, a +new relic was found in the south of Russia, and a courier being immediately +despatched with it to the Emperor at St. Petersburg; on his arrival, his +Imperial Majesty (expecting some important news regarding his operations in +the neighbourhood of Turkey), when told his errand, exclaimed, "Away with +the relic! it is time to put an end to such nonsense." Would that this were +to be carried out! But their superstitions seem too deeply rooted to be +done away with in a short time. + +J. S. A. + + * * * * * + +LEICESTERSHIRE EPITAPHS. + +Having seen only one epitaph from this county among those which have +appeared in "N. & Q.," I annex a few specimens, which you may perhaps deem +worth inserting in your pages. + +Burbage: + + "These pretty babes, who we did love, + Departed from us like a dove; + These babes, who we did much adore, + Is gone, and cannot come no more." + +Hinckley: + + "My days on earth they were but few, + With fever draughts and cordials few, + They wasted like the morning dew." + +Braunstone: + + "All triumph yesterday, to-day all terror! + Nay, the fair morning overcast ere even: + Nay, one short hour saw well and dead, War's mirror + Having Death's swift stroke unperceived given." + +{583} + +Another: + + "An honest, prudent wife was she; + And was always inclin'd + A tender mother for to be, + And to her neighbours kind." + +Belgrave. This I quote from memory; it may not be verbally, but it is +substantially correct: + + "Laurance Stetly slumbers here; + He lived on earth near forty year; + October's eight-and-twentieth day + His soul forsook its house of clay, + And thro' the pure ether took its way. + We hope his soul doth rest in heaven. + 1777." + +Newtown Linford, adjoining Bradgate Park. In this churchyard is a tombstone +on which is engraved only the letters of the alphabet and the simple +numerals. The story goes, that he who lies below, an illiterate inhabitant +of the village in the last century, whose name, I believe, is now +forgotten, being very anxious that, after death, a tombstone should be +erected to perpetuate his memory, and being fearful that his relatives +might neglect to do so, came to Leicester to purchase one himself. Seeing +this stone in the mason's workshop (where it was used by the workmen as a +pattern for the letters and figures), he bought it "a bargain," supposing +it would serve his purpose as well as a new one, and after his decease it +was placed at the head of his grave, where it now appears. + +All Saints' churchyard, Leicester. On two children of John Bracebridge, who +were both named John, and died infants: + + "Both John and John soon lost their lives, + And yet, by God, John still survives." + +Throsby (_Hist. of Leic._) relates that Bishop Thurlow, at one of his +visitations, had the words _by God_ altered to _thro' God_. + +WILLIAM KELLY. + +Leicester. + + * * * * * + +LONGFELLOW'S "REAPER AND THE FLOWERS." + +On looking over, a short time ago, a book of German songs, I was much +struck by the similarity of thought, and even sometimes of expression, +between the above piece from Mr. Longfellow's _Voices of the Night_, and a +song by Luise Reichardt, a few verses of which I subjoin; as perhaps the +song may not be known to some of your correspondents. + + "It is a favourite theme," as Sir W. Scott says, "of laborious dulness + to trace such coincidences, because they appear to reduce genius of the + higher order to the usual standard of humanity, and of course to bring + the author nearer to a level with his critics." + +It is not, however, with the view of detracting from the originality of Mr. +Longfellow, that these two small pieces are put side by side; for possibly +the song alluded to was never seen by our transatlantic neighbour, but +merely for the purpose of showing how the poets treat the same, and +certainly not very novel subject. + + "DER SCHNITTER TOD. + (Von Luise Reichartdt.) + "Es ist ein Schnitter, der heisst Tod, + Der hat Gestalt vom hoechsten Gott. + Heut' wetzt er das Messer, + Es schneid't schon viel besser, + Bald wird er drein schneiden, + Wir muessen's nur leiden. + Huete dich, schoen's Bluemelein! + + "Was heut' noch gruen und frisch dasteht, + Wird morgen schon hinweg gemaeht; + Die edlen Narzissen, + Die Zierden der Wiesen + Die schoen' Nyagnithen, + Die turkischen Binden. + Huete dich, schoen's Bluemelein! + + "Viel hundert tausend ungezaehlt, + Was nur unter die Sichel faellt: + Ihr Rosen, ihr Lilien, + Euch wird er austilgen, + Auch die Kaiserkronen + Wird er nicht verschonen, + Huete dich, schoen's Bluemelein! + + "Trotz, Tod! Komm her, ich fuercht' dich nicht! + Trotz, eil daher in einem Schnitt! + Werd' ich nur verletzet, + So werd' ich versetzet, + In den himmlischen Garten, + Auf den wir alle warten, + Freue dich, schoen's Bluemelein!" + +J. C. B. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_"Receipt" or "Recipe."_--In one of Mr. Ryle's popular tracts, "_Do you +pray?_" Wertheim and Mackintosh: London, 1853, occurs the following +expression, p. 18.: + + "What is the best _receipt_ for happiness?" + +Is the use of "receipt" for "recipe" to be admitted into the English +language? + +W. E. + +_Death of Philip III. of Spain._--D'Israeli, in his _Curiosities of +literature_, states to the effect that this kings fatal illness was induced +by the overheating of a brazier, whereof state etiquette forbad the removal +until the person in regular attendance should arrive. For this statement he +quotes no authority, and consequently MR. BOLTON CORNEY, in his +_Illustrations of the Curiosities of Literature_ (2nd ed., p. 87.), +discredits the story. + +It is singular that MR. CORNEY should have forgotten that the anecdote is +given by the Marechal {584} de Bassompierre, who was at Madrid at the time +of the king's death; the Marechal's informant was the Marquis de Pobar, +_who was present at the scene_. Is not this sufficient? (See _Memoires de +Bassompierre_, under the date of 11th of March, 1621, vol. i. p. 548. of +the edition of Cologne, 1665.) + +C. V. + +_Churchwardens._--In an old scrap-book in my possession, I met with the +following, which, should you deem it of sufficient interest, I shall be +glad to see inserted in "N. & Q." The print appears to be about sixty or +seventy years old, and evidently from a newspaper: + + "The institution of churchwardens is of remote antiquity, they having + been first appointed at the African Council, held under Celestine and + Boniface, about the year of our Lord 423. These officers have at + different periods been distinguished by different appellations, + _Defensores_, _Oeconomi_, and _Praepositi Ecclesiae_, _Testes + Synodales_, &c. In the time of Edward III. they were called Church + Reves, as we read in Chaucer: + + 'Of church reves, and of testamentes, + Of contractes, and of lacke of sacramentes.' + + At this day they are called Churchwardens; all those names being + expressive of the nature of the office, which is to guard, preserve, + and superintend the rights, revenues, buildings, and furniture of the + church. In an old churchwarden's book of accounts, belonging to the + parish of Farringdon, in the county of Berks, and bearing date A.D. + 1518, there is the form of admitting churchwardens into their office at + that period, in the following words: 'Cherchye Wardenys, thys shall be + your charge: to be true to God and to the cherche: for love nor for + favor off no man wythin thys parriche to withold any ryght to the + cherche; but to resseve the dettys to hyt belongythe, or else to go to + the devell.'" + +Your readers will observe that the last is a very summary kind of sentence. +Any farther information relating to the institution of churchwardens[1] +will be esteemed by + +J. B. WHITBORNE. + +[Footnote 1: On the institution of churchwardens consult Burn's +_Ecclesiastical Law_, tit. Churchwardens; and the works noticed in "N. & +Q.," Vol. vii., p. 359.] + +_Epigram._--In an old book I found this epigram, published in 1660, more +suitable perhaps for your columns during the excitement of the Papal +aggression than now: + + "ON ROME. + "Hate and debate Rome through the world hath spread, + Yet Roma, amor is, if backward read; + Then is it strange, Rome hate should foster? no, + For out of backward love, all hate doth grow." + +ALIQUIS. + +Edinburgh. + +_Oxford Commemoration Squib_, 1849.--The following _jeu d'esprit_ was +circulated in Oxford at the Commemoration in 1849; it created a great +sensation at the time, from its clever allusion to the political changes on +the other side of the channel, and, I think, deserves to be rescued from +oblivion by a place in the columns of "N. & Q.:" + + "LIBERTY! FRATERNITY! EQUALITY! + + "Citizen Academicians, + + "The cry of Reform has been too long unheard. Our infatuated rulers + refused to listen to it. The term of their tyranny is at length + accomplished. The Vice-Chancellor has fled on horseback. The Proctors + have resigned their usurped authority. The Scouts have fraternised with + the friends of liberty. The University is no more. A Republican Lyceum + will henceforth diffuse light and civilisation. The hebdomadal board is + abolished. The Legislative Powers will be entrusted to a General + Convention of the whole Lyceum. A Provisional Government has been + established. The undersigned citizens have nobly devoted themselves to + the task of administration. + + (Signed) "Citizen CLOUGH (_President of the Executive Council_). + SEWELL. + BOSSOM (_Operative_). + JOHN CONINGTON. + WRIGHTSON." + +Your academical readers will appreciate the signatures. + +TEWARS. + +_Professor Macgillivray._--The mention by W. (Vol. viii., p. 467.) of this +lamented naturalist's posthumous work, descriptive of the _Natural History +of Balmoral_, and of its intended publication by Prince Albert, induces me +to hope that you will give insertion to the following extract from +Professor Macgillivray's _History of the Molluscous Animals of +Aberdeenshire_, &c., as showing the character of the man, and the spirit in +which he prosecuted his researches. + + "The labour required for such an investigation cannot be at all + appreciated by those who have not directed their energies towards such + an object. The rocky coasts and sandy beaches of the sea, the valleys + and hills of the interior, the pastures, mossy banks, thickets, woods, + rocks, ruins, walls, ditches, pools, canals, rills, and rivers, were + all to be assiduously searched. No collections of mollusca made in the + district were known to me, nor do any of our libraries contain the + works necessary to be consulted, although that of King's College + supplies some of great value. In a situation so remote from the great + centres of civilisation, the solution of doubts is often difficult of + attainment, and there is always a risk of describing as new what may + already have been entered into the long catalogue of known objects. But + the pleasure of continually adding to one's knowledge, the sympathy of + friends, the invigorating influence of the many ramblings required, the + delight of aiding others in the same pursuits, and many other + circumstances, amply suffice to carry one through greater difficulties + than those alluded to, even should the sneers of the {585} + ignorantly-wise, or the frowns of the pompously-grave, be directed + toward the unconscious wight, who, immersed in mud, gropes with the + keenness of a money-gatherer, for the to them insignificant objects, + which have exercised the wisdom and the providence of the glorious + Creator."--Preface, p. 10. + +J. MACRAY. + +_Manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas._--Some of the newspapers, having stated +that the concluding Latin words in this manifesto--"Domine in te speravi, +ne confundar in eternum"--are from the Psalms, I beg to say that these +words are not taken from the Scriptures of either Testament, nor from the +Apocrypha; but constitute the last verse of the "Te Deum," commencing, "We +acknowledge thee to be the Lord," and ending, "O Lord, in thee have I +trusted, let me never be confounded." It is usual to sing "Te Deum" after +victories, but Nicholas begins his song _before_ he achieves one: taking +the _last_ verse _first_. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +WILLIAM COOKWORTHY, THE INVENTOR OF BRITISH PORCELAIN. + +In endeavouring to revive the neglected memory of this good and great man, +I have carefully looked over the chief periodicals of his day (1730 to +1780) with very little success; perhaps because those I have at command, +the _Gentleman's Magazine_, _Universal Magazine_, and _Universal Museum_, +were not those selected for his correspondence. + +If any of your readers can refer me to any papers or essays of his, or any +details of the internal management of his China works, or of his public or +private life, it will be doing me a great favour. + +What I have hitherto collected are chiefly fragmentary accounts of his life +and character; general notices of his discovery of the China clay and +stone, of the progress of his manufactory, and of his treatment of British +cobalt ores; details of his experiments on the distillation of sea-water +for use on ship-board; a treatise in detail on the divining rod; and +several of his private letters, chiefly religious. + +Most of these I have thrown out in print, under the title of _Relics of +William Cookworthy, &c._, which I am desirous of making much more complete. + +J. PRIDEAUX. + + * * * * * + +CATHOLIC FLORAL DIRECTORIES, ETC. + +More than a year ago (Vol. vi., p. 503.) I made a Query respecting Catholic +Floral Directories, and two works in particular which were largely quoted +in Mr. Oakley's _Catholic Florist_, Lond. 1851; and I again alluded to them +in Vol. vii., p. 402., but have not got any reply. The two works referred +to, viz. the _Anthologia Borealis et Australis_, and the _Florilegium +Sanctorum Aspirationum_, are not to be heard of anywhere (so far as I can +see) save in Mr. Oakley's book. During the last year I have ransacked all +the bibliographical authorities I could lay hold of, and made every inquiry +after these mysterious volumes, but all in vain. + +The orthography and style of the passages cited are of a motley kind, and +most of them read like modern compositions, though here and there we have a +quaint simile and a piece of antique spelling. In fact they seem more like +imitations than anything else; and I cannot resist the temptation of +placing them on the same shelf with McPherson's _Ossian_ and the poems of +Rowley. In some places a French version of the _Florilegium_ is quoted: +even if that escaped one's researches, is it likely that two old English +books (which these purport to be), of such a remarkable kind, should be +unknown to all our bibliographers, and to the readers of "N. & Q.," among +whom may be found the chief librarians and bibliographers in the three +kingdoms. Is it not strange also that Mr. Oakley and his "compiler" decline +giving any information respecting these books? + +I shall feel extremely obliged to any correspondent who will clear up this +matter, and who will furnish me with a list of Catholic Floral Directories. + +EIRIONNACH. + + * * * * * + +GEORGE ALSOP. + +George Alsop was ordained deacon 1666-67, priest 1669, by Henry King, +Bishop of Chichester. He printed in 1669-- + + "An Orthodox Plea for the Sanctuary of God, Common Service, and White + Robe of the House. Printed for the Author, and sold by R. Reynolds, at + the Sun and Bible in the Postern." + +It is a small 8vo. of eighty-six pages, exclusive of the dedication to the +Bishop of Chichester, and an Epistle to the Reader, and has a portrait of +the author by W. Sherwin. + +Can any of your readers give me any account of this George Alsop, his +preferment, if any, and the time of his death? + +He is, I feel persuaded, a different person from the author of _A Character +of Maryland_, 12mo., 1666. + +P. B. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_B. L. M._--What is the meaning of the abbreviation B. L. M. in Italian +epistolary correspondence? I have reason to believe that it is used {586} +where some degree of acquaintance exists, but not in addressing an entire +stranger. In a correspondence now before me, one of the writers, an Italian +gentleman, uses it in the subscription to _every one_ of his letters, +_except the first_, thus: + + "Ho l'honore d' essere col piu profondo rispetto B. L. M. + Il di Lei Umiliss. Dev. Servo." + + "Frattanto la prego di volermi credere nella piu ampla estentione del + termine B. L. M. + Il di Lei Ubb^o. ed Obligato Servitore." + +I need not add more examples. There is nothing in Graglia's _Collection of +Italian Letters_ that explains it. + +J. W. T. + +Dewsbury. + +_Member of Parliament electing himself._--In the biographical notices of +the author of an _Inquiry into the Rise and Growth of the Royal Prerogative +in England_, 1849, I find the following curious circumstances: + + "The writ for election (of a member for the county of Bute) was + transmitted to the sheriff, Mr. McLeod Bannatine, afterwards Lord + Bannatine. He named the day, and issued his precept for the election. + When the day of election arrived, Mr. Bannatine was the only freeholder + present. As freeholder he voted himself chairman of the meeting; as + sheriff he produced the writ and receipt for election, read the writ + and the oaths against bribery at elections; as sheriff he administered + the oaths of supremacy, &c., to himself as chairman; he signed the + oaths as chairman and as sheriff; as chairman he named the clerk to the + meeting, and called over the roll of freeholders; he proposed the + candidate and declared him elected; he dictated and signed the minutes + of election; as sheriff he made an indenture of election between + himself as sheriff and himself as chairman, and transmitted it to the + crown office." + +Can any of your correspondents furnish me with a similar case? + +H. M. + +Peckham. + +"_Suaviter in modo, fortiter in re._"--This rule is strongly recommended by +Lord Chesterfield in one of his letters, as "unexceptionably useful and +necessary in every part of life." Whence is it taken, and who is its +author? + +J. W. T. + +Dewsbury. + +_Jacobite Garters._--Can any of your readers inform me of the origin of the +"rebel garters," a pair of which I possess, and which have been carefully +handed down with other Stuart relics by my Jacobin fathers? + +They are about 4 feet long, and 1-1/4 inch deep, of silk woven in the loom; +the pattern consists of a stripe of red, yellow, and blue, once repeated, +and arranged so that the two blue lines meet in the centre. At each end, +for about six or seven inches, and at spaces set at regular intervals, +these lines of colour are crossed, so as to form a check or tartan; the +spaces corresponding with the words in the following inscription, and one +word being allotted to each space: + + "_Come lett us with one heart agree_" + +and it is continued on the other: + + "_To pray that God may bless P. C._" + +The tartan, however, does not appear to be the "Royal Stuart." + +Probably they were distributed to the friends and adherents of poor Prince +Charles Edward, to commemorate some special event in his ill-fated career. +But it would be interesting to know if many of them remain, and, if +possible, their correct history. + +E. L. I. + +_Daughters taking their Mothers' Names._--Can any of your readers favour me +with any instances, about the time of the first, second, and third Edwards, +of a daughter adding to her own name that of the mother, as Alicia, +daughter of Ada, &c. + +BURIENSIS. + +_General Fraser._--Have there been any _Life_ or _Memoirs_ ever published +of General Fraser, who fell in Burgoyne's most disastrous campaign? If any +such exist I should be glad to know of them. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_A Punning Divine._--Wanted the whereabouts of the following sentence, +which is said to be taken from a volume of sermons published during the +reign of James I.: + + "This _dial_ shows that we must _die all_; yet notwithstanding, _all + houses_ are turned into _ale houses_; our _cares_ into _cates_; our + _paradise_ into a _pair o' dice_; _matrimony_ into a _matter of money_, + and _marriage_ into a _merry age_; our _divines_ have become _dry + vines_; it was not so in the days of _Noah_,--O no!" + +W. W. + +Malta. + +_Contango._--A technical term in use among the sharebrokers of Liverpool, +and I presume elsewhere, signifying a sum of money paid for accommodating +either a buyer or seller by carrying the engagement to pay money or deliver +shares over to the next account-day. Can your correspondents say from +whence derived? + +AGMOND. + +_Pedigree to the Time of Alfred._--Wapshott, a blacksmith in Chertsey, +holds lands held by his ancestors temp. Alfred (McCulloch's _Highlands_, +vol. iv. p. 410.). Can this statement be confirmed in 1853? + +A. C. + +"_Service is no inheritance._"--Will you or any of your readers have the +goodness to inform me {587} what is the origin of the adage occurring twice +in the _Waverley Novels_, thus: + + "Service, I wot, is no inheritance now-a-days; some are wiser than + other some," &c. (See _Peveril of the Peak_, chap. xiv.) + +and + + "Ay, St. Ronan's, that is a' very true,--but service is nae + inheritance, and as for friendship it begins at hame."--_St. Ronan's + Well_, chap. x. + +I have seen a stone in an old building in the north of Scotland, with the +following inscription, cut in letters of an ancient form: "Be gude in +office, or (or perhaps 'for,' part of the stone being here broken off) +servitude is no inheritance to none." And I am curious to know the origin +of this proverb, so similar to that put by Sir Walter Scott in the mouths +of two of his homely characters; the one English and the other Scotch. An +answer will very much oblige + +G. M. T. + +Edinburgh. + +_Antiquity of Fire-irons._--In an old book, published 1660, I met with the +following couplet: + + "The burnt child dreads the fire; if this be true, + Who first invented tongs its fury knew." + +Query, When were fire-irons first used? + +ALIQUIS. + +_General Wolfe at Nantwich._--I observe in the pamphlet entitled +_Historical Facts connected with Nantwich and its Neighbourhood_, lately +referred to in "N. & Q.," it is stated that according to local tradition +General Wolfe, the hero of Quebec, may in his boyhood have lived in the Yew +Tree House, near Stoke Hall. Now as this brave warrior was a native of +Kent, it is scarcely probable he would have been a visitor at the house +alluded to, unless he had relatives who resided there. Is he known to have +had any family connexion in that quarter, since the fact of his having had +such, if established, would tend to confirm the traditionary statement +respecting his domicile at the Yew Tree House? + +T. P. L. + +Manchester. + +_"Corporations have no Souls," &c._--It was once remarked that public +corporations, companies, &c. do harsh things compared with what individuals +can venture to do, the fact being that they have neither noses to be pulled +nor souls to be saved; you have no hold upon them either in this world or +the next. + +B. + +_Leeming Family._--A member of the Society of Friends, named Thomas +Leeming, lived at or near Wighton in the Wolds, in the East Riding of +Yorkshire, between the years 1660 and 1670. What were the dates of his +birth and death? what were the names of his parents, his brothers, and his +children? did any of them leave their native country? and how would a +letter from the inquirer reach a descendant of the family, who could +furnish farther information on the subject? An answer to the whole or part +of the above Queries will much oblige the undersigned. + +W. + +_MS. Poems and Songs._--In the third volume of MR. PAYNE COLLIER'S +invaluable _History Of English Dramatic Poetry_, p. 275., it is stated,-- + + "Mr. Thorpe, of Bedford Street, is in possession of a MS. full of songs + and poems, in the handwriting of a person of the name of Richard + Jackson, all copied prior to the year 1631, and including many + unpublished pieces by a variety of celebrated poets." + +Can any of the contributors to "N. & Q." oblige P. C. S. S. by informing +him where this MS. now exists, and whether the whole, or any portion of it, +has been published? + +P. C. S. S. + +_Bishop Watson._--In a lecture delivered by this bishop at Cambridge, he +gave the following quotation: + + "Scire ubi aliquid invenire posses, ea demum maxima pars eruditionis est." + +Will any of your readers inform me whence the passage is taken? + +G. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Herbert's "Memoirs of the Last Years of Charles I."_--Can any of your +correspondents inform me under what title and at what date Sir Thomas +Herbert's _Narrative of the Last Years of Charles I._ was published? I have +at present in my possession what appears to be the original MS., and am +desirous of comparing it with the printed copy. The MS. bears the title of +_Carolina Threnodia: a Plain and very Particular Narrative of what happened +in the Last Years of King Charles the First_, by Sir Thomas Herbert, an eye +and ear witness. Its opening pages contain a reference to other letters on +the same subject of an earlier date (May 1 and 13, 1678). Were these +letters ever published, under what title, and when? + +J. B. + +Prestwich. + + [This work has already been incidentally noticed in our Second Volume, + pp. 140. 220. and 476.; and in Vol. iii., p. 157. Two editions of + Herbert's Memoirs have been published; the first in 1702, and the + second in 1813. The edition of 1702 is the best, as it contains an + "Advertisement to the Reader," and several documents omitted in the + edition published by G. and W. Nicol of Pall Mall in 1813. The + following is the title to it:-- + + "Memoirs of the Two last Years of the Reign of that unparallel'd + Prince, of ever-blessed Memory, King Charles I. By Sir Tho. Herbert, + Major Huntington, {588} Col. Edw. Coke, and Mr. Hen. Firebrace. With + the Character of that Blessed Martyr, by the Reverend Mr. John Diodati, + Mr. Alexander Henderson, and the Author of the _Princely Pelican_. To + which is added, the Death-Bed Repentance of Mr. Lenthal, Speaker of the + Long Parliament; extracted out of a Letter written from Oxford, Sept. + 1662. London: printed for Robert Clavell, at the Peacock, at the + West-end of St. Paul's, 1702," + + The "Advertisement to the Reader" states that, "there having been of + late years several Memoirs printed and published relating to the life + and actions of the Royal Martyr, King Charles I., of ever-blessed + memory, it was judged a proper and seasonable time to publish Sir + Thomas Herbert's _Carolina Threnodia_, under the title of his + _Memoirs_, there being contained in this book the most material + passages of the two last years of the life of that excellent and + unparallel'd prince, which were carefully observ'd and related by the + author in a large answer of a letter wrote to him by Sir William + Dugdale. In the same book is printed Major Huntington's relation made + to Sir William of sundry particulars relating to the King; as also + Colonel Edw. Coke's and Mr. Henry Firebrace's narratives of several + memorable passages observed by them during their attendance on him at + Newport, in the Isle of Wight, anno '48. All these were copied from a + MS. of the Right Reverend the Bishop of Ely, lately deceased; and, as I + am credibly informed, a copy of the several originals is now to be seen + amongst the Dugdale MSS. in Oxford library. To these Memoirs are added + two or three small tracts, which give some account of the affairs of + those times, of the character of K. Charles I., and of his just claim + and title to his _Divine Meditations_. These having been printed anno + 1646, 48, 49, and very scarce and difficult to procure, were thought + fit to be reprinted for publick service. As to the letter which gives + an account of Mr. Lenthal's carriage and behaviour on his death-bed, it + was printed anno 1662, and the truth of it attested by the learned Dr. + Dickenson, now living in St. Martin's Lane.... This I thought fit to + advertise the reader of, by way of introduction, that he might be + satisfied of the genuineness of the respective pieces, and thereby be + encouraged to peruse them with confidence and assurance."] + +"_Liturgy of the Ancients._"--Who was the author of a thin 4to. book +entitled _The Liturgy of the Ancients represented, as near as may be, in +English Forms, &c._, "London, printed for the Authour, 1696." He added to +it "A Proposal of a compleat work of Charity." + +T. G. LOMAX. + +Lichfield. + + [Edward Stephens is the author of this Liturgy, who describes himself + as "late of Cherington, co. Gloucester, sometime barrister-at-law of + the Hon. Society of the Middle Temple, and since engaged, by a very + special Divine Providence, in the most sacred employment." He farther + informs us, that "when it pleased God to discharge him from the civil + service, his first business in public was a gentle and tacit admonition + of the neglect of the most solemn and peculiar Christian worship of God + in this nation; accompanied by such public acts in the very heart of + the chief city, as made it a most remarkable witness and testimony + against them who would not receive it, but rejected the counsel and + favour of God towards them." Stephens's Liturgy has been republished by + the Rev. Peter Hall, in his _Fragmenta Liturgica_, vol. ii., who thus + notices the author:--"Stephens was the leader of a class by no means + contemptible, though himself as odd a mixture of gravity and + scurrility, learning and trifling, pietism that could stoop to + anything, and liberalism that stuck at nothing, as English theology + affords." Some account of Edward Stephens will be found in Leslie's + _Letter concerning the New Separation_, 1719; and in _An Answer to a + Letter from the Rev. C. Leslie, concerning what he calls the New + Separation_, 1719. Stephens advocated the practice of daily communion.] + +"_Ancient hallowed Dee._"--What is the historical, traditional, or +legendary allusion in this epithet, bestowed by Milton on the river Dee? + +J. W. T. + +Dewsbury. + + [Dee's divinity was Druidical. From the same superstition, some rivers + in Wales are still held to have the gift or virtue of prophecy. + Giraldus Cambrensis, who wrote in 1188, is the first who mentions Dee's + sanctity from the popular traditions. In Spenser, this river is the + haunt of magicians: + + "Dee, which Britons long ygone + Did call DIVINE." + + And Browne, in his _Britannia's Pastorals_, book ii. s. 5., says, + + "Never more let HOLY Dee, + Ore other rivers brave," &c. + + Much superstition was founded on the circumstance of its being the + ancient boundary between England and Wales; and Drayton, in his tenth + Song, having recited this part of its history, adds, that by changing + its fords it foretold good or evil, war or peace, dearth or plenty, to + either country. He then introduces the Dee, over which King Edgar had + been rowed by eight kings, relating to the story of Brutus. See more on + this subject in Warton's note to line 55. in Milton's _Lycidas_: + + "Now yet where Deva spreads her wizard stream." + +_Who was True Blue?_--In the churchyard of Little Brickhill, Bucks, is a +table monument bearing the following inscriptions: + + "Here lieth y^e body of _True Blue_, who departed this life January y^e + 17th, 1724-5, aged 57. Also y^e body of Eleanor, y^e wife of _True + Blue_, who departed this life January 21st, 1722-3, ageed (sic) 59." + +Who was "True Blue?" If it were not for his wife Eleanor, one would take +him to be some kin to "Eclipse" or "Highflyer." Lysons makes no mention of +such a person; nor, I am assured by a friend who has made the search for +me, does Lipscomb; although another friend referred me there under the +conviction that he was not only named, but that his history was given. The +kind {589} of tombstone is sufficient to show that he was a person of some +property, and yet he has not only no "Esq." affixed to his name, but it is +without the prefix "Mr." One can scarcely doubt that the name is not a real +one. Browns, Blacks, Whites, and Greens there are in abundance, but nobody +ever heard of a "Blue;" nor, so far as I know, did anybody ever christen +his child "True." Yet what could have been the incidents of a life that +required the fiction to be carried even to the grave? + +G. J. DE WILDE. + + [The foregoing monumental inscription is given in Lipscomb's _Bucks_, + vol. iv. p. 76., to which is subjoined the following note:--"The + singularity of this name has occasioned much curiosity; but no + information can be obtained besides that of _True Blue_ having been a + stranger, who settled here, and acquired some property, which after his + decease was disposed of. It has been conjectured that he lived here + under a feigned name. One Hercules True, about 1645, kept a house at + Windsor, to which deer-stealers were accustomed to resort; and he + uttered violent threats against a person, whose son, having been killed + in attempting to resist the deer-stealers in the Great Park, Thomas + Shemonds prosecuted the murderers, and True declared he would knock his + brains out, and is believed to have afterwards absconded."] + +_Charge of Plagiarism against Paley._--Has any reply been made to the +accusation against Paley, brought forward some years ago in _The +Athenaeum_? It was stated (and apparently proved) that his _Natural +Theology_ was merely a translation of a Dutch work, the name of whose +author has escaped my recollection. I suppose the archdeacon would have +defended this shameful plagiarism on his favourite principle of expediency. +It seems to me, however, that it is high time that either the accusation be +refuted, or the culprit consigned to that contempt as a man which he +deserved as a moralist. + +FIAT JUSTITIA. + + [We have frequently had to complain of the loose manner in which + Queries are sometimes submitted to our readers for solution. Here is a + specimen. The communication above involves two other Queries, which + should have been settled before it had been forwarded to us, namely, 1. + In what volume of the _Athenaeum_ is the accusation against Paley made? + and, 2. What is the title of the Dutch work supposed to be pirated? + After pulling down six volumes of the _Athenaeum_, we discovered that + the charge against Paley appeared at p. 803. of the one for the year + 1848, and that the work said to be pirated was written by Dr. Bernard + Nieuwentyt of Holland, and published at Amsterdam about the year 1700. + It was translated into English, under the title of _The Religious + Philosopher_, 3 vols. 8vo., 1718-19. The charge against Paley has been + ably and satisfactorily discussed in the same volume of the _Athenaeum_ + (see pp. 907. 933.), and at the present time we have neither "ample + room nor verge enough" to re-open the discussion in our pages.] + +_Weber's_ "_Cecilia._"--Can you inform me whether a work by Gottfried +Weber, entitled _Cecilia_, is to be had in English or in French? I find it +constantly referred to in the said Weber's work on the _Theory of Musical +Composition_, and in Mueller's _Physiology_. + +For any information you can give me on the subject I shall feel much +indebted. + +PHILHARMONICUS. + +Dublin. + + [_Caecilia_ is a musical art journal published in Germany, and is thus + noticed at page 12. of Warner's edition of Godfrey Weber's _Theory of + Musical Composition_:--"Since 1824 we have been laid under great + obligations to our distinguished mathematician and writer on acoustics, + Professor _W._ Weber, for most interesting developments on all these + points, which he has arranged into an article in the journal + _Caecilia_, vol. xii., expressly for musicians and musical instrument + manufacturers."] + +_Andrew Johnson._--In the character of Samuel Johnson, as drawn by Murphy, +there is the remark, "Like his uncle Andrew in the ring at Smithfield, +Johnson, in a circle of disputants, was determined neither to be thrown or +conquered." Other allusions are made, in Boswell's _Life_, to this uncle +having "kept the ring," but I cannot find out who he could have been. There +was a noted bruiser, Tom Johnson; but certainly he was not the person in +question. I shall be glad if any of your readers can inform me who this +"Uncle Andrew" was, and what authority there is for believing that he was a +pugilistic champion of note. + +PUGILLUS. + + [In the _Variorum Boswell_, i. e. Croker's ed., 1847, p. 198., PUGILLUS + will find a note by the editor, stating that Dr. Johnson told Mrs. + Piozzi that his uncle Andrew "for a whole year kept the ring at + Smithfield, where they wrestled and boxed, and never was thrown or + conquered."] + +_MS. by Glover._--Can MR. BOLTON CORNEY, or MR. R. SIMS, inform me whether +the Lansdowne MS. 205. is in Glover's handwriting? + +H. M. + + [This volume (Lansdowne, 205.) contains twenty-six articles in + different hands. Art. 3. contains _pedigrees by Glover in his own + hand_. See MS. Harl. 807., and an autograph letter in MS. Cot., Titus + B. vii. fol. 14.] + +_Gurney's Short-hand._--Can any of your correspondents inform me if there +have been any alterations in this system of short-hand since 1802? Also, if +it be now much used? + +WM. O'SULLIVAN. + +Ballymenagh. + + [This well-known system of short-hand is certainly still in use,--in + fact, is that employed at the present time by the Gurneys, who are the + appointed short-hand writers to the Houses of Lords and Commons.] + +{590} + +_Spurious Don Quixote._--What English and French versions are there of the +spurious continuation of _Don Quixote_ by Avellaneda? + +V. T. STERNBERG. + + [A notice of the English translations is given in Lowndes's _Bib. + Man._, vol. i. p. 374., art. Cervantes. Consult also Ebert's _Bibl. + Dict._, vol. i. p. 299., for the French translations.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +PRONUNCIATION OF HEBREW NAMES AND WORDS IN THE BIBLE. + +(Vol. viii., p. 469.) + +Your correspondent does not, of course, inquire what is the proper Hebrew +pronunciation of the several _letters_, but rather what is the accented +syllable in each word. To pronounce in a manner nearly approaching to the +Hebrew might make the congregation stare, but would appear very pedantic to +a learned ear. The safest mode is to examine the Greek of the Septuagint, +or of the New Testament (if the reader does not understand Hebrew), and +observe the place of the acute accent. On that place, if it be on the +penultimate or antepenultimate, the accent should be laid in English. But +if the accent be on the last syllable, though it is strictly right to place +it there also in English, it is not worth while to do so, for fear of +making hearers talk about a strange sound, instead of attending to the +service. It will be safer to accent the penultimate in dissyllables, and +the antepenultimate in trisyllables, which in the Greek are acutitones; in +fact, to pronounce, as all clergymen used to pronounce, until a pedantic +and ignorant practice arose of lengthening, or rather accenting, every +syllable in the penultimate, which had or was supposed to have a long +quantity in Greek. Hence the comparatively new habit of pronouncing [Greek: +Sabaoth], [Greek: Zaboulon], [Greek: sabachthani], [Greek: Akeldama], with +a strong accent on the penultima; whereas the old-fashioned way of +accenting the antepenultima makes no one stare, and is a much nearer +approach to the true pronunciation. There is a curious inconsistency in the +common way of reading, in English, [Greek: Samareia] and [Greek: +Kaisareia]. Samar[=i]a is decidedly a Greek word; but yet, in this word, it +is usual to accent the antepenultima. Cesar[)e]a is decidedly a Latin word +Graecised, and yet it is usual to read this with an accent on the +penultima. I never observed any of those who read Sabaoth, Zabulon, and +sabachthani, read either Samaria or Cesarea. The Greek accents on Hebrew +words always accord, as Hebraists know, with the tonic accent in that +language. + +E. C. H. + +As a contribution to the desirable object of settling the pronunciation of +the words mentioned, the following representation of their pronunciation in +the originals is offered. The vowels are to be read as in Italian, the _th_ +as in English, and the _hh_ as _ch_ in German: + + Hebrew. Sabaoth = ts[)i]-v[=a]-['=o]th. + + Hebrew. [The] Moriah = [h[)a]m-]m['=o]-r[=i]-y['=a]h. + + Syriac. Aceldama = hh[)i]-k[')a]l-d[)i]-m['=a]. + + Syro-Chaldee. Eli Eli lamma sabachthani = [=e]-l['=i] [=e]l['=i] + l[)a]m-m['=a] s[)a]-b[')a]hh-t[)a]-n['=i], as in Matthew; or + [)e]-l['=o]-h[=i], as in Mark. + + Chaldee. Abednego = [)a]-ved n[)i]-g['=o]. + +The _conventional_ pronunciation given by Walker is perhaps best adapted to +English ears, which would be quite repulsed by an attempt to restore the +ancient pronunciation of such familiar words, for instance, as Jacob, +Isaac, Job, and Jeremiah. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + + * * * * * + +LORD HALIFAX AND CATHERINE BARTON. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 429. 543.) + +One has some doubt, in reading PROFESSOR DE MORGAN'S article on the above +subject, what inference is to be drawn from it. If it is to prove a private +marriage between Halifax and Mrs. Barton, on the strength of the date on +the watch at the Royal Society being falsified, it is a failure. I have +examined that watch since PROFESSOR DE MORGAN published his Note, and can +testify most decidedly that, if anything, the inscription is older than the +case, nor is there a vestige of anything like unfair alteration; and any +one accustomed to engraving would arrive at the same conclusion. The +outside case is beautifully chased in Louis Quatorze style: but the inner +case, on which the inscription is graven, has no need of such elaborate +work, nor is such work ever introduced on the inside of watches; they are +invariably smooth. + +And all that is noticeable in the present instance is, that the writing has +lost the sharpness of the graver by use, or returning it into its case; or +more probably the case has not been used at all, being cumbersome and set +aside as a curious work of art, which indeed it is. + +The date on the watch is 1708, and PROFESSOR DE MORGAN states that Mrs. +Barton was married in 1718; the watch therefore denies this; but when she +married Conduit ought, if possible, to be found out by register, which +might prove the watch date untrue; but the watch declares she was Mrs. +Conduit in 1708. She was then of course twenty-eight years of age: thus we +come to a {591} plainer conclusion that when she lived with Halifax, or +whatever other arrangement they made, a position which is said to have +occurred between 1700 and the time of Halifax's death in 1715, she was +really Mrs. Conduit, and not Catherine Barton. And thus we are brought to +think that if there is any private marriage in the case, it is between the +lady and Mr. Conduit; at all events she went back to her husband, if the +watch is true. + +As to an apology for Newton, I look upon it in a very different light: +first, I should say he had no clear right to interfere in the matter, as +the lady was married; and supposing he had, he could have done no more than +expostulate. He lived in a world of his own studies, and did not choose to +be interrupted by quarrels and scandals. And it is certainly a proper +addition to say, that the public morals of that age are not to be judged by +the present standard. All these account very well for Newton's silence on +the subject; but to settle the matter, some search might be made in the +registers of the parishes where they resided, in order that the subject may +be fully explained. + +WELD TAYLOR. + + * * * * * + +INSCRIPTIONS IN BOOKS. + +(Vol. viii. pp. 64. 153. 472.) + +In the famous _Rouen Missal_, called St. Guthlac's book, is the following +inscription in the handwriting of Robert, Bishop of London, and afterwards +Archbishop of Canterbury, who was formerly head of the monastery of +Jumieges, to which the book belonged, and where, in 1053, he died: + + "Quem si quis vi vel dolo seu quoquo modo isti loco subtraxerit, animae + suae propter quod fecerit detrimentum patiatur, atque de libro + viventium deleatur, et cum justis non scribatur." + +John Grollier had on all his books inscribed: + + "Portio mea, domine, sit in terra viventium;" + +and underneath: + + "Io. Grollierii et Amicorum." + +Henry de Rantzan wrote a decree for his library, of which here is the +fulminatory clause: + + "Libros partem ne aliquam abstulerit, + Extraxerit, clepserit, rapserit, + Concerpserit, corruperit, + Dolo malo, + Illico maledictus, + Perpetuo execrabilis, + Semper detestabilis, + Esto, maneto." + +See Dibdin's bibliographical works. + +J. S. + +Norwich. + +The two following are copied from the _originals_ written in the fly-leaf +of Brathwayte's _Panedone, or Health from Helicon_, pub. 1621, in my +possession: + + 1. + "Whose book I am if you would know, + In letters two I will you show: + The first is J, the most of might, + The next is M, in all men's sight; + Join these two letters discreetly, + And you will know my name thereby. + JAS. MORREY." + + 2. + "Philip Morrey is my name, + And with my pen I write the same; + Tho' had such pen been somewhat better, + I could have mended every letter." + +CESTRIENSIS. + +On the fly-leaf of _Theophila, or Love's Sacrifice_, a divine poem by +E. B., Esq., London, 1652, I find the following rare morsel: + + "MR. JAMES TINKER, + Rector of St. Andrews, Droitwich. + + "Father Tinker, when you are dead, + Great parts a long wir you are fled, + O that they wor conferred on mee, + Which would ad unto God's glory." + +The subject of the above laudation flourished in the early part of the last +century. + +In a Geneva Bible, date 1596: + + "Thomas Haud: his booke: + God giue him grace theare on to looke: + And if my pen it had bin better, + I would haue mend it euery letter. + 1693." + +R. C. WARDE. + +Kidderminster. + +_German Book Inscription._--You have not yet, I think, had a German +book-inscription: allow me to send you the following out of an old _Faust_, +bought last year at Antwerp: + + "Dieses Buch ist mir lieb, + Wer es stielt ist ein Dieb; + Mag er heissen Herr oder Knecht, + Haengen ist sein verdientes Recht." + +Underneath is the usual picture of the gallows-tree and its fruit. + +ISELDUNENSIS. + + * * * * * + +PRAYING TO THE WEST. + +(Vol. viii., p. 343. &c.) + +The setting sun and the darkness of evening has been immemorially connected +with death, just as the rising orb and the light of morning with life. In +Sophocles (_Oedipus Rex_, 179.), Pluto is called [Greek: hesperos theos]; +and the "Oxford translation" has the following note on the line: + + "In Lysia's Oration against Andocides is this passage: To expiate this + pollution (the mutilation of the {592} Hermae), the priestesses and + priests _turning towards the setting sun, the dwelling of the infernal + gods_, devoted with curses the sacrilegious wretch, and shook their + purple robes, in the manner prescribed by that law, which has been + transmitted from the earliest times."--Mitford, _History of Greece_, + ch. xxii. + +Liddell and Scott consider [Greek: Erebos] (the nether gloom) to be derived +from [Greek: erepho], to cover; akin to [Greek: eremnos], and probably also +to Hebrew _erev_ or _ereb_, our _eve_-ning; and mention as analogous the +Egyptian Amenti, _Hades_, from _ement_, the west. (Wilkinson's _Egyptians_, +ii. 2. 74.) + +Turning to the East on solemn occasions is a practice more frequently +mentioned. There is an interesting note on the subject in the Translation +above quoted, at Oedipus Col., 477., + + "[Greek: choas cheasthai stanta pros proten heo]," + +and doubtless much more may be found in the commentators. The custom, as is +well known, found its way into the Christian Church. + + "The primitive Christians used to assemble on the steps of the basilica + of St. Peter, to see the first rays of the rising sun, and kneel, + curvatis cervicibus in honorem splendidi orbis. (S. Leo. Serm. VII. _De + Nativ._) The practice was prohibited, as savouring of, or leading to, + Gentilism. (Bernino, i. 45.)"--Southey's _Common-Place Book_, ii. 44. + + "The rule of Orientation, though prescribed in the Apostolic + Constitutions, never obtained in Italy, where the churches are turned + indiscriminately towards every quarter of the heaven."--_Quarterly + Review_, vol. lxxv. p. 382. + +In the Reformed Church in England the custom is _recognised_, as far as the +position of the material church goes. (See rubric at the beginning of the +Communion Service.) "The priest shall stand at the _north side_ of the +table;" but turning eastward at the Creeds has no sanction that I know of, +but usage. (Compare Wheatly _On the Common Prayer_, ch. ii. s. 3., ch. iii. +s. 8.; and Williams, _The Cathedral_ ("Stanzas on the Cloisters"), +xxiv.-xxviii.) + +The _rationale_ of western paradise is given in the following extract, with +which I will conclude: + + "When the stream of mankind was flowing towards the West, it is no + wonder that the weak reflux of positive information from that quarter + should exhibit only the impulses of hope and superstition. Greece was + nearly on the western verge of the world, as it was known to Homer; and + it was natural for him to give wing to his imagination as he turned + towards the dim prospects beyond.... All early writers in Greece + believed in the existence of certain regions situated in the West + beyond the bounds of their actual knowledge, and, as it appears, of too + fugitive a nature ever to be fixed within the circle of authentic + geography. Homer describes at the extremity of the ocean the Elysian + plain, "where, under a serene sky, the favourites of Jove, exempt from + the common lot of mortals, enjoy eternal felicity." Hesiod, in like + manner, sets the Happy Isles, the abode of departed heroes, beyond the + deep ocean. The Hesperia of the Greeks continually fled before them as + their knowledge advanced, and they saw the terrestrial paradise still + disappearing in the West."--Cooley's _History of Maritime Discov_., + vol. i. p. 25., quoted in Anthon's _Horace_. + +A. A. D. + + * * * * * + +"GREEN EYES." + +(Vol. viii., p. 407.) + +In the edition of Longfellow's _Poetical Works_ published by Routledge, +1853, the note quoted by Mr. Temple ends thus: + + "Dante speaks of Beatrice's eyes as _emeralds_ (_Purgatorio_, xxxi. + 116.). Lami says, in his _Annotazioni_, 'Erano i suoi occhi d' un + turchino verdiccio, simile a quel del mare.'" + +More in favour of "green eyes" is to be found in one of Gifford's notes on +his translation of the thirteenth satire of _Juvenal_. The words in the +original are: + + "Caerula quis stupuit Germani lumina."--_Juv._ Sat. XIII. 164. + +And Gifford's note is as follows: + + "Ver. 223 ... and _eyes of sapphire blue_?]--The people of the south + seem to have regarded, as a phenomenon, those blue eyes, which with us + are so common, and, indeed so characteristic of beauty, as to form an + indispensable requisite of every Daphne of Grub Street. Tacitus, + however, from whom Juvenal perhaps borrowed the expression, adds an + epithet to _caerulean_, which makes the common interpretation doubtful. + 'The Germans,' he says (_De Mor. Ger._ 4.), 'have _truces et caerulei + oculi_, fierce, lively blue eyes.' With us, this colour is always + indicative of a soft, voluptuous languor. What, then, if we have + hitherto mistaken the sense, and, instead of blue, should have said + sea-green? This is not an uncommon colour, especially in the north. I + have seen many Norwegian seamen with eyes of this hue, which were + invariably quick, keen, and glancing. + + "Shakspeare, whom nothing escaped, has put an admirable description of + them into the mouth of Juliet's nurse: + + 'O he's a lovely man! An eagle, madam, + Hath not so _green_, so quick, so fair an eye, + As Paris hath.' + + "Steevens, who had some glimpse of the meaning of this word, refers to + an apposite passage in _The Two Noble Kinsmen_. It is in Aemilia's + address to Diana: + + ' . . . . . . Oh vouchsafe + With that thy rare _green eye_, which never yet + Beheld things maculate,' &c. + + "It is, indeed, not a little singular, that this expression should have + occasioned any difficulty to his commentators; since it occurs in most + of our old poets; {593} and Drummond of Hawthornden uses it + perpetually. One instance of it may be given: + + 'When Nature now had wonderfully wrought + All Auristella's parts, except her eyes: + To make those twins, two lamps in beauty's skies, + The counsel of the starry synod sought. + Mars and Apollo first did her advise, + To wrap in colours _black_ those comets bright, + That Love him so might soberly disguise, + And, unperceived, wound at every sight! + Chaste Phoeebe spake for purest _azure_ dyes; + But Jove and Venus _green_ about the light, + To frame, thought best, as bringing most delight, + That to pined hearts hope might for aye arise. + Nature, all said, a paradise of _green_ + Placed there, to make all love which have them seen.'" + Gifford's _Translation of Juvenal and Persius_, + 3rd edition, 1817. + +Gifford's quotation from _Romeo and Juliet_ (errors excepted) is to be +found in Act III. Sc. 5. + +C. FORBES. + +Temple. + + "Isabelle etait un peu plus agee que Ferdinand. Elle etait petite, mais + bien faite. Ses cheveux, au moins tres blonds, _ses yeux verts et + pleins de feu_, son teint un peu olivatre, ne l'empechaient pas d'avoir + un visage imposant et agreable. (_Revolutions d'Espagne_, tom. iv. liv. + viii.; Mariana, _Hist. d'Espagne_, tom. ii. liv. xxv.; _Hist. de + Ferdinand et d'Isabelle_, par M. l'Abbe Mignot, &c.)"--Florian, + Gonzalve de Cordoue, _Precis Historique sur les Maures d'Espagne_, + quatrieme epoque, note _i_. + +E. J. M. + +Hastings. + + * * * * * + +THE MYRTLE BEE. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 173. 450.) + +Allow me to thank C. BROWN for the reply he has sent to my inquiries on +this subject. I shall certainly avail myself with pleasure of the +permission he has given me to communicate with him by letter; but before +doing so, I hope you will allow me to address him this note through the +medium of your pages. The existence of the Myrtle Bee as a distinct species +has been denied by ornithologists, and as I think the question is more +likely to be set at rest by public than by private correspondence, I trust +C. BROWN will not consider that I am presuming too much on his kindness if +I ask him to send me farther information on the following points: What was +the exact size of the bird in question which he had in his hand? What was +its size compared with the Golden-crested Wren? Was it generally known in +the neighbourhood he mentions, and by whom was it known? By the common +people as well as others? From what source did he originally obtain the +appellation "Myrtle Bee," as applied to this bird? It has been suggested to +me that the bird seen by C. Brown may have been the Dartford Warbler +(_Sylvia provincialis_, Gmel.), wings short, tail elongated (this, if the +Myrtle Bee is the Dartford Warbler, would account for its "miniature +pheasant-like appearance"); a bird which, as we are informed in Yarrell's +_Hist. of British Birds_, 1839, vol. i. p. 311. _et seq._, haunts and +builds among the furze on commons; flies with short jerks; is very shy; +conceals itself on the least alarm; and creeps about from bush to bush. +This description would suit the Myrtle Bee. Not so the colour, which is +chiefly greyish-black and brown; whereas the bird seen by your +correspondent was "dusky light blue." Nor again does the description of the +Dartford Warbler, "lighting for a moment on the very point of the sprigs" +of furze (vid. Yarrell _ut sup._), coincide with the account of the bird +seen by C. BROWN, who "never saw one sitting or light on a branch of the +myrtle, but invariably flying from the base of one plant to that of +another." In conclusion I would venture to ask whether your correspondent's +memory may not have been treacherous respecting the colour of a bird which +he has not seen for twenty-five years, and whether he has ever seen the +Dartford Warbler on Chobham or the adjacent commons? + +W. R. D. SALMON. + + * * * * * + +TIN. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 290. 344.). + +The first mention I remember of the place from whence tin came, is in +Herodotus (lib. iii. c. 115.). He there says: + + "But concerning the extreme parts of Europe towards the west, I am not + able to speak certainly. For I neither believe that a certain river is + called Eridanus by the barbarians, which flows into a northern sea, and + from which there is a report that the amber is wont to come, nor have I + known (any) islands, being Cassiterides ([Greek: kassiteridas eousas]), + from which the tin is wont to come to us. For, on the one hand, the + very name Eridanus proves that it is Hellenic and not Barbaric, but + formed by some poet; and on the other, I am not able, though paying + much attention to this matter, to hear of any one that has been an + eye-witness that a sea exists upon that side of Europe. But doubtless + both the tin and the amber are wont to come from the extreme part of + Europe." + +[Greek: Kassiteros], according to Damm, is so called because it is more +ready to melt than other metals, i. e. [Greek: kausiteros], from [Greek: +kaio], to burn; this derivation agrees with that given by MR. CROSSLEY of +tin, "from the Celtic tin, to melt readily;" and it receives some support +from Hesiod (_D. G._ 861.), where he speaks of the earth burning and +melting as tin or as iron, which is the hardest of metals. + +But I own I doubt this derivation. First, {594} because it is quite clear +to my mind that Herodotus had no idea that it had a Greek derivation. He +assigns the Greek origin of the word Eridanus as a reason for disbelieving +the statement as to it; and had he known that Cassiteros had a like origin, +it cannot be doubted that he would have assigned the same reason as to it +likewise. Instead of which he resorts to the fact that he could not obtain +any authentic account of any sea on that side of Europe, as a proof that +the Cassiterides did not exist. In truth, his assertion as to the Greek +origin of the one, coupled with the reason that is added, seems almost, if +not quite, equivalent to a denial that the other had a Greek origin. +Secondly, it is in the highest degree improbable that these islands should +have received their name from the Greeks, as it is contrary to all +experience that a country should be named by persons ignorant of its +existence. The names of places are either given to them by those who +discover them, or the names by which they are called by their inhabitants +are adopted by others. + +At the time Caesar invaded this island, there was a people whom he calls +Cassi (_Caes. de B. G._, lib. v. 21.), of whose prince Camden says, "from +the Cassii their prince, Cassivellaunus or Cassibelinus, first took his +name;" and he adds that "it seems very probable that Cassivellaunus denotes +as much as the Prince of the Cassii." (_Camd. Brit._, p. 278., edit. 1695.) +According to which the word would be compounded of _Cassi_ and _vellaunus_ +or _belinus_; and this derivation is fortified by the word Cunobelinus, +which plainly is formed in a similar manner. Now there is a Celtic word, +_tir_ or _ter_ (from which _terra_ is derived), and the Welsh word _tir_ +(which I have heard pronounced _teer_), all denoting land. If then this +word be added to Cassi, we have Cassiter, that is, the land of the Cassi, +Cassiland. And as we have England, Scotland, and Ireland, possibly the +ancient inhabitants may have called their country Cassiter; and as +_chalybs_, steel, was so called both by the Greeks and Romans from the +people that made it, so might tin be from the country where it was found. +My derivation is conjectural, no doubt, and as such I submit it with great +deference to the candid consideration of your readers. + +Isaiah, who lived B.C. 758, mentions tin in i. 25. + +Ezekiel, who lived B.C. 598, mentions tin xxii. 18. 20.; and xxvii. 12., +speaking of Tyre, he says: + + "Tarshish was thy merchant by reason of the multitude of all kinds of + riches; with silver, iron, _tin_, and lead, they traded in thy fairs." + +This passage clearly shows that, at the time spoken of by Ezekiel, the +trade in tin was carried on by the inhabitants of Tarshish, whether that +place designates Carthage, or Tartessus in Spain, or not; and there can be +little doubt that they brought the tin from England; and the addition of +silver, iron, and lead, tends to strengthen this opinion. + +Herodotus recited his History at the Olympic Games, B.C. 445; and probably +the same people traded in tin in his time as in the time of Ezekiel. + +The Hebrew word for tin is derived from a verb meaning "to separate," and +seems to throw no light on the subject. + +S. G. C. + + * * * * * + +MILTON'S WIDOW. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 452. 544. &c.) + +Your correspondents MR. MARSH and MR. HUGHES are entitled to an apology +from me for having so long delayed noticing their comments on my +communication on the above subject in Vol. viii, p. 134., which comments +have failed in convincing me that I have fallen into the error they +attribute to me, because it is manifest Richard Minshull of Chester, son of +Richard of Wistaston, the writer of the letter of May 3rd, 1656, set forth +in the Rev. Mr. Hunter's _Milton Pamphlet_, pp. 37. and 38., could only +have been _fifteen_ years old when that letter was written, he having, as +MR. HUGHES states, been born in 1641, so that he must have been only three +years the junior of his supposed niece, Mrs. Milton, then Miss Minshull, +born in 1638, according to MR. MARSH'S account of her baptism; and +furthermore he, Richard, son of the writer of the said letter, must be +fairly presumed to have been married at the date of such letter, which he +(the Father) thus commences: "My love and best respects to you and my +daughter [meaning no doubt his daughter-in-law], tendered with trust of +your health." Very unlikely language for a parent to address to his son, a +boy of _fifteen_, on so important a subject as a family pedigree. If this +youthful Richard Minshull really was Mrs. Milton's uncle, his brother +Randle Minshull, her father, must have been very many years older than him, +which was not very probable. + +I noticed in a recent Number of your pages, with great satisfaction, a +communication from CRANMER, who has avowed himself to be your correspondent +MR. ARTHUR PAGET, for which, in common with MR. HUGHES and others, I feel +very thankful to him, notwithstanding it falls short of connecting Mrs. +Milton with Richard Minshull of Wistaston, the Holme correspondent of 1656. + +That historians have been much misled in assuming that Mrs. Milton was a +daughter of Sir Edward Minshull of Stoke, cannot, I think, be questioned; +although it may be very fairly asked whether there were not other +respectable Minshull families living in the neighbourhood of Wistaston, of +which Mrs. Milton might have been a member, and yet allied to the Paget and +Goldsmith families. + +GARLICHITHE. + +{595} + +MR. HUGHES is quite right, both in his facts, so far as they go, and in the +inference he draws from them in confirmation of the now well ascertained +identity of Milton's widow with the daughter of Randle Mynshull of +Wistaston. His observations derive additional force from the fact, that two +generations of Minshull of Wistaston married ladies of the name of +Goldsmith. Thomas Minshull, the great-grandfather of Milton's widow, +married ---- Goldsmith of Nantwich, as his son Richard informed Randal +Holmes, in a letter among the Harl. MSS., noticed by MR. HUNTER, and as +pointed out by MR. HUGHES; but the writer of that letter also married a +lady of the same name, Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Goldsmith, of +Bosworth, in the county of Leicester. The fact is worth noticing, though no +very accurate estimate can be formed of the precise degree of relationship +to be inferred from the title of "cousin" a couple of centuries ago. My +authority is the Cheshire visitation of 1663-4. Several other MS. pedigrees +are in existence; in some of which the lady's name is stated as Ellen, +instead of Elizabeth, and her father's as Richard instead of Nicholas. +Thomas Minshull of Manchester, the uncle of Milton's widow, deserves +perhaps a passing word of notice, as having embalmed the mortal remains of +Humphrey Chetham. + +J. F. M. + +Warrington. + +Our elegant poet Fenton, having written a _Life of Milton_, and no doubt +often visited his place of nativity (Shelton, in the Staffordshire +Potteries), he surely must have known _something_ respecting _Milton's_ +third wife's family, who lived only a few miles from thence; and if the +Fenton papers have, as is probable, been preserved by his family, some of +whom I am informed still live in the neighbourhood of Shelton, it is not +unlikely they will throw some light on the family of the poet's widow. + +NEWINGTON. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS CHAINED TO DESKS IN CHURCHES--OLD PAROCHIAL LIBRARIES. + +(Vol. viii., p. 93.) + +On a recent visit to Aberystwith, I walked to the mother church of +Llanbadarn, a fine old building, which I was glad to find, since a former +visit, was undergoing important repairs in its exterior. While inspecting +the interior, I requested the clerk to show me into the vestry, and upon +inquiring if the church possessed any black-letter Bible, Foxe's _Martyrs_, +or any of those volumes which at the Reformation were chained to the desks +or pews, he opened a case in the vestry, in which I was sorry to observe +many volumes, not of that early date, but about a century and a half old, +yet valuable in their day as well as at present, in a sad dilapidated +state, arising from the dampness of the room, which is without a +fire-place. Many of the volumes were the gift of a Doctor Fowle, with his +autograph, stating that they were given as a lending library to the +parishioners. + +The present incumbent is the Rev. ---- Hughes, a very excellent and zealous +pastor, with the modern church in Aberystwith annexed, who should this +narrative meet his eye, or be communicated to him, might be induced to make +inquiries into the losses which had taken place, and prevent farther +dilapidations and decay, in what was no doubt, once considered a valuable +acquisition to the inhabitants of the parish. + +Permit me to add, that in a room over the entrance porch of that venerable +Saxon church St. Peter in the East, at Oxford, there is a large lending +library for the use of the parishioners, largely contributed to by several +of its recent and present zealous incumbent, and to which church so much +has lately been done to remove former eye-sores, and to render it one of +the most chastely decorated and best attended parish churches in the +University. + +J. M. G. + +Worcester. + +In an old MS. headed + + "Articles, Conditions, and Covenants, upon which the Provost and other + officers of King's College in Cambridge have admitted Michael Mills, + Schollar of the said College, to be Keeper of the Publick Library of + the said College." + +the seventh and last article is-- + + "For the rendering his business about the library more easy, each + person that makes use of any book or books in the said library, is + required to sett 'em up again decently, without entangling the chains; + by which is signified to all concerned that no person whatsoever, upon + any pretence, is permitted to carry any book out of the library to + their chambers, or any otherwise to be used as a private book, it being + against the statutes of our college in y^t case provided." + +Under "Orders for regulating the publick library of King's College," Order +IV.: + + "All the fellows and scholars, and all other persons allowed the use of + the library, shall carefully set up those they use in their proper + place, without entangling the chains." + +Michael Mills got King's in 1683. + +T. H. L. + +In the church of Wiggenhall, St. Mary the Virgin, the following books may +be seen fastened by chains to a wooden desk in the chancel: Foxe's _Book of +Martyrs_, in three volumes, chained to the same staple; the Book of +Homilies; the Bible, with calendar in rubrics; and the works of Bishop +Jewell, in one volume. The title-page is lost from all the above: in other +respects they are in a fair state of preservation, considering their {596} +antiquity, of which their characters being old English, is a sufficient +proof. + +W. B. D. + +At a _soiree_ recently held at Crosby Hall, there were exhibited by the +churchwardens of St. Benet's, Gracechurch Street, Erasmus' _Commentary on +the Gospels_ in English, with the chains annexed, by which they were +fastened in the church. There are two volumes, in good preservation, and +black letter. + +In Minster Church, near Margate, Kent, there is an oak cover to a Bible +chained to a desk, temp. Henry VIII. The whole of the letter-press has been +taken away (by small pieces at a time) by visitors to this beautiful Norman +church. + +J. W. BROWN. + +At Bromsgrove Church, Worcestershire, a copy of Bishop Jewel's Sermon on 1 +Cor. ix. 16. (1609) is chained to a small lectern. + +At Suckley Church, also in Worcestershire, there is a black-letter copy of +the Homilies, 1578. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + +There is a copy of Foxe's _Monuments_ so chained in the chancel of Luton +Church, Bedfordshire. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + + * * * * * + +THE COURT-HOUSE. + +(Vol. viii., p. 493.) + +This place is not "an old out-of-the-way place," as described to F. M., but +stands in a paddock adjoining the churchyard, in the town of "Painswick, in +Gloucestershire." It is a respectable old stone-built house in the +Elizabethan style; and stands on an eminence commanding a view of one of +the pleasant valleys which abound in this parish. I do not know of, and do +not believe that there is, any "full description of it." Neither of the +county histories, of Atkyns (1712), Rudder (1779), Rudge (1803), or +Fosbrook (1807), mentions the court-house, though probably it is referred +to by Atkyns as "a handsome pleasant house adjoining the town, [then] +lately the seat of Mr. Wm. Rogers." + +If either Charles I. or II. slept there, it was doubtless King Charles I., +on the night of the 5th of September, 1643, on which day he raised the +siege of Gloucester, and + + "Thousands of the royalist army marched in the rain up Painswick hill, + on the summit of which they encamped in the ancient entrenchment of the + part called Spoonbed hill. On this hill, tradition says, as Charles was + sitting on a stone near the camp, one of the princes, weary of their + present life, asked him 'When should they go home?' 'I have no home to + go to,' replied the disconsolate king. He went on to Painswick, and + passed the night there."--_Bibliotheca Gloucestriensis_ (Webb), + Introduction, p. 68., referring to Rudder (p. 592.) for the tradition + as to the colloquy. + +The lodge, an old wooden house, in this parish more properly deserves the +character of an "old out-of-the-way house." I remember it many years ago, +when it contained a court, in which were galleries approached by stairs, +and leading to the sleeping-rooms of the mansion; such as were formerly in +the court-yard of the Bull and Mouth Inn, London, and are now in the yard +of the New Inn, Gloucester. + +P. H. FISHER. + +Stroud. + + * * * * * + +ON THE SIMPLICITY OF THE CALOTYPE PROCESS, BY DR. DIAMOND. + +(Read before the Photographic Society, Nov. 3, 1853.) + +I feel that some few words are required to explain to the Society the +reasons which have induced me to call their attention to a branch of +photography, which of all others has been dwelt upon most fully, and +practised with such success by so many eminent photographers. + +The flourishing state of this Society, which is constantly receiving an +accession of new Members, indicates the great number that have lately +commenced the practice of photography, and to those I hope my observations +will not prove unacceptable, because of all others the calotype process is +undoubtedly the simplest, and the most useful; not only from that +simplicity, but from its being available when other modes could not be +used.[2] + +I am also induced to urge on the attention of the Society the advantages of +this, one of the earliest processes, because I think that there has been +lately such an eager desire for something new, that we all have more or +less run away from a steady wish to improve if possible the original +details of Mr. Fox Talbot; and have been tempted to practise new modes, +entailing much more care and trouble, without attaining a correspondingly +favourable result. + +Amongst antiquaries I have long noticed, that many who have especially +studied one particular {597} branch of archaeology, think and speak +slightingly of those departments in which they are not much interested. One +fond of research in the early tumuli is esteemed to be a mere "pot and pan +antiquary" by one who, in his turn, is thought to waste his time on +"mediaeval trash;" and this feeling pervades its many sections. + +I hope I shall not give offence in saying, that amongst photographers I +have noticed somewhat of a similar spirit, namely, an inclination to value +and praise a production, from the particular mode of operation adopted, +rather than from its intrinsic merits. The collodion, the waxed paper, or +the simple paper processes have merits pertaining to themselves alone; and +those who admire each of these several processes are too apt to be +prejudiced in favour of the works produced by them. + +Before proceeding farther, permit me to observe, that if some of my remarks +appear _too_ elementary, and _too_ well known by many assembled here, my +reason for making them is, that I have myself experienced the want of +_plain simple rules_, notwithstanding the many able treatises upon the +subject which have already been written: I hope, therefore, I shall receive +their pardon for entering fully into detail, because a want of success may +depend upon what may appear most trivial. + +I think the greatest number of failures result from not having good iodized +paper; which may be caused by + + 1. The quality of the paper; + 2. The mode of preparing it; + 3. The want of proper _definite_ proportions for a particular make of + paper; + +because I find very different results ensue unless these things are +relatively considered. + +I have not met with satisfactory results in iodizing the French and German +papers, and the thick papers of some of our English makers are quite +useless. + +Turner's paper, of the "Chafford Mills" make, is greatly to be preferred, +and therefore I will presume that to be used, and of a medium thickness. +The great fault of Turner's paper consists in the frequent occurrence of +spots, depending upon minute portions of brass coming from the machinery, +or from the rims of buttons left in the rags when being reduced to pulp, +and thus a single button chopped up will contaminate a large portion of +paper; occasionally these particles are so large that they reduce the +silver solutions to the metallic state, which is formed on the paper; at +other times they are so minute as to simply decompose the solution, and +white spots are left, much injuring the effect of the picture. + +Whatman's paper is much more free from blemishes, but it is not so fine and +compact in its texture; the skies in particular exhibiting a minutely +speckled appearance, and the whole picture admitting of much less +definition.[3] + +All papers are much improved by age; probably in consequence of a change +which the size undergoes by time. It is therefore advisable that the +photographer, when he meets with a desirable paper, should lay in a store +for use beyond his immediate wants. + +It may not be inappropriate to mention here, in reference to the minuteness +attainable by paper negatives, that a railway notice of six lines is +perfectly legible, and even the erasure for a new secretary's name is +discernible in the accompanying specimen, which was obtained with one of +Ross's landscape lenses, without any stop whatever being used, and after an +exposure of five minutes _during a heavy rain_. The sky is scarcely so +dense as could be desired, which will be fully accounted for by the dull +state of the atmosphere during the exposure in the camera. + +Having selected your paper as free from blemishes as possible, which is +most readily ascertained by holding it up to the light (as the rejected +sheets do perfectly well for positives, it is well to reject _all_ those +upon which _any_ doubt exists), mark the smoothest surface;--the touch will +always indicate this, but it is well at all times not to handle the +surfaces of papers more than can be avoided. There is much difference in +various individuals in this respect; some will leave a mark upon the +slightest touch, whereas others may rub the paper about with perfect +impunity. + +I prefer paper iodized by the single process; because, independently of the +case and economy of time, I think more rapidity of action is attained by +paper so treated, as well as that greater intensity of the blacks, so +requisite for producing a clear picture in after printing. + +To do this, take sixty grains of nitrate of silver and sixty grains of +iodide of potassium, dissolve each separately in an ounce of distilled +water, mix and stir briskly with a glass rod so as to ensure their +_perfect_ mixture; the precipitated iodide of silver will fall to the +bottom of the vessel; pour off the fluid, wash once with a little distilled +water, then pour upon it four ounces of distilled water, and add 650 grains +of iodide of potassium, which _should_ perfectly redissolve the silver and +form a clear fluid. Should it not (for chemicals differ occasionally in +their purity), then a little more should be very cautiously added until the +fluid is perfectly clear. + +The marked side of the paper should then be carefully laid upon the surface +of this fluid in a proper porcelain or glass dish. Then immediately {598} +remove it, lay it upon its dry side upon a piece of blotting-paper, and +stroke it over once or twice with a glass rod; this as effectually expels +all the particles of air as complete immersion; it is also more economical, +and has the advantage of requiring much less time in the after-immersion in +the hypo. when it is required to remove the iodide. Either pin the paper +up, or lay it down upon its dry side, and when it becomes tolerably dry +(perfect dryness is not requisite), immerse it in common cold water for the +space of four hours, changing the water during that time three or four +times, so that all the soluble salts may be removed; often move the papers, +so that when several sheets are together, one does not press so much upon +another that the water does not equally arrive at all the surface. + +If this paper is well made, it is of a pale straw colour, or rather +primrose, and perfectly free from unevenness of tint. It will keep good for +several years; if, however, the soluble salts have not been _entirely_ +removed, it attracts damp, and becomes brown and useless or uncertain in +its application. + +Some of our oldest and most successful operators still adhere to and prefer +the iodized paper prepared by the double process, which certainly effects a +saving in the use of the iodide of potassium. The following is the easiest +way of so preparing it:--Having floated your marked surface of the paper on +a 30-grain solution of nitrate of silver, and dried it[4], immerse it for +20 minutes in a solution of iodide of potassium of 20 grains to the ounce, +when it immediately assumes the desired colour. It is then requisite, +however, that it should undergo the same washing in pure water as the paper +prepared by the single process. + +Upon the goodness of your iodized paper of course depends your future +success. Although it is not requisite to prepare it by candle-light (which +in fact is objectionable from your inability to see if the yellow tint is +equally produced), I think it should not be exposed to too strong a light; +and as the fly-fisher in the dull winter months prepares his flies ready +for the approaching spring, so may the photographer in the dull weather +which now prevails, with much advantage prepare his stock of iodized paper +ready for the approach of fine weather.[5] + +Many other ways of iodizing paper have been recommended which have proved +successful in different hands. Dr. Mansell, of Guernsey, pours the iodide +solution upon his paper, which previously has had all its edges turned up +so as to resemble a dish; he rapidly pours it off again after it has +completely covered the paper, and then washes it in three waters for only +ten minutes in all: he considers that thereby none of the size of the paper +is removed, and a more favourable action is obtained. In the experiments I +have tried with the use of the air-pump, as recommended by Mr. Stewart, I +have met with much trouble and little success; and I am inclined to +attribute the very beautiful specimens which he has produced to his own +good manipulation under a favourable climate.[6] + +To excite the paper take 10 drops (minims) of solution of aceto-nitrate of +silver, and 10 drops of saturated solution of gallic acid, mixed with 3 +drachms of distilled water. + +The aceto-nitrate solution consists of-- + + Nitrate of silver 30 grains. + Glacial acetic acid 1 drachm. + Distilled water[7] 1 ounce. + +If the weather is warm, 6 drops of gallic acid to the 10 of aceto-nitrate +will suffice, and enable the prepared excited paper to be kept longer. + +This exciting fluid may be applied either directly {599} by means of the +glass rod, or by floating, as before, and then the glass rod. But if +floating is resorted to, then a larger quantity must be prepared. As soon +as it is applied the paper should be blotted off by means of blotting-paper +(which should never be used more than once in this way, although preserved +for other purposes), and put into the dark frames for use.[8] It is not +requisite that the paper should be perfectly dry. This exciting should be +conducted by a very feeble light; the paper is much more sensitive than is +generally supposed; in fact, it is then in a state to print from by the aid +of gas or the light of a common lamp, and very agreeable positives are so +produced by this negative mode of printing. + +I would advise the aceto-nitrate of silver and the solution of gallic acid +to be kept in two bottles with wooden cases differing in their shape, so +that they may not be mistaken when operating, in comparative darkness. A +1/4 of an ounce of gallic acid put into such a 3-ounce bottle, and _quite_ +filled up with distilled water as often as any is used, will serve a very +long time. + +I would also recommend that the paper should be excited upon the morning of +the day upon which it is intended to be used; no doubt the longer it is +kept, the less active and less certain it becomes. I have, however, used it +successfully eight days after excitement, and have a good negative produced +at that length of time. The general medium time of exposure required is +five minutes. In the negatives exhibited, the time has varied from three +minutes to eight, the latter being when the day was very dull. + +The pictures should be developed by equal quantities of the aceto-nitrate +of silver and the saturated solution of gallic acid, which are to be mixed +and immediately applied to the exposed surface. This may be done several +hours after the pictures have been removed from the camera. Care should be +taken that the back of the picture does not become wetted, as this is apt +to produce a stain which may spoil the printing of the positive. + +If upon the removal of the paper from the dark frame, the picture is very +apparent, by first applying little gallic acid, and immediately afterwards +the _mixed_ solutions, less likelihood is incurred of staining the +negative, which will be more evenly and intensely developed. If a browning +take place, a few drops of strong acetic acid will generally check it. + +Should the picture be very tardy, either from an insufficient exposure, +want of light, or other cause, a few drops of a solution of pyrogallic +acid, made with 3 grains to the ounce of water, and a drachm of acetic +acid, will act very beneficially. It sometimes gives an unpleasant redness +upon the surface, but produces great intensity upon looking through it. +Until the pyrogallic solution was added, there was scarcely anything +visible upon the specimen exhibited, the failure having in the _first_ +instance happened from the badness of the iodized paper. + +As soon as the picture is sufficiently developed it should be placed in +water, which should be changed once or twice; after soaking for a short +time, say half an hour, it may be pinned up and dried, or it may at once be +placed in a solution almost saturated, or quite so, of hyposulphite of +soda, remaining there no longer than is needful for the entire removal of +the iodide, which is known by the disappearance of the yellow colour. + +When travelling it is often desirable to avoid using the hyposulphite, for +many reasons (besides that of getting rid of extra chemicals), and it may +be relied on that negatives will keep even under exposure to light for a +very long time. I have kept some for several weeks, and I believe Mr. +Rosling has kept them for some months. + +The hyposulphite, lastly, should be effectually removed from the negative +by soaking in water, which should be frequently changed. + +Some prefer to use the hypo, quite hot, or even boiling, as thereby the +size of the paper is removed, allowing of its being afterwards readily +waxed.[9] I have always found that pouring a little boiling water upon the +paper effectually accomplishes the object; some negatives will readily wax +even when the size is not removed. A box iron very hot is best for the +purpose; but the most important thing to attend to is that the paper should +be perfectly dry, and it should therefore be passed between blotting-paper +and well ironed before the wax is applied. Negatives will even attract +moisture from the atmosphere, and therefore this process should at all +times be resorted to immediately before the application of the wax. + +Some photographers prefer, instead of using wax, to apply a solution of +Canada balsam in spirits of turpentine. This certainly adds much to the +transparency of the negative; and, in some instances, may be very +desirable. Even in so simple a thing as white wax, there is much {600} +variety; some forming little flocculent appearances on the paper, which is +not the case with other samples. Probably it may be adulterated with +stearine, and other substances producing this difference. + +Before concluding these remarks, I would draw attention to the great +convenience of the use of a bag of yellow calico, made so large as to +entirely cover the head and shoulders, and confined round the waist by +means of a stout elastic band. It was first, I believe, used by Dr. +Mansell. In a recent excursion, I have, with the greatest ease, been +enabled to change all my papers without any detriment whatever, and thereby +dispensed with the weight of more than a single paper-holder. The bag is no +inconvenience, and answers perfectly well, at any residence you may chance +upon, to obstruct the light of the window, if not protected with shutters. + +I would also beg to mention that a certain portion of the bromide of silver +introduced into the iodized paper seems much to accelerate its power of +receiving the green colour, as it undoubtedly does in the collodion. +Although it does not accelerate its _general_ action, it is decidedly a +great advantage for foliage. Its best proportions I have not been able +accurately to determine; but I believe if the following quantity is added +to the portion of solution of iodide of silver above recommended to be +made, that it will approach very near to that which will prove to be the +most desirable. Dissolve separately thirty grains of bromide of potassium, +and 42 grains of nitrate of silver, in separate half-ounces of distilled +water; mix, stir well, and wash the precipitate; pour upon it, in a glass +measure, distilled water up to one ounce; then, upon the addition of 245 +grains of iodide of potassium, a clear solution will be obtained; should it +not, a few more grains of the iodide of potassium will effect it. It may be +well to add that I believe neither of the solutions is injured by keeping, +especially if preserved in the dark. + +I would here offer a caution against too great reliance being placed upon +the use of gutta-percha vessels when travelling, as during the past summer +I had a bottle containing distilled water which came into pieces; and I +have now a new gutta-percha tray which has separated from its sides. This +may appear trivial, but when away from home the greatest inconvenience +results from these things, which may be easily avoided.[10] + +Dishes of zinc painted or japanned on the interior surface answer better +than gutta-percha, and one inverted within another forms, when travelling, +an admirable lid-box for the protection of glass bottles, rods, &c. On the +Continent wooden dishes coated with shellac varnish are almost entirely +used. + +[Footnote 2: In a communication I formerly addressed to my friend the +Editor of "N. & Q.," one of the arguments I used in favour of the collodion +process was, that the operator was enabled at once to know the results of +his attempts; and was not left in suspense concerning the probable success, +as with a paper picture requiring an after development. + +I made that observation not only from the partial success which had then +attended my own manipulations, but from the degree of success which was +attained by the majority of my photographic friends. But that objection is +now almost entirely removed by the comparative certainty to which the paper +process is reduced.] + +[Footnote 3: The effect was illustrated in two negatives of the same +subject, taken at the same time, exhibited to the meeting, and which may +now be seen at Mr. Bell's by those who take an interest in the subject.] + +[Footnote 4: For this purpose, strips of wood from 1 inch to 1-1/2 square +will be found much more convenient to pin the paper to than the tape or +string usually recommended. The pressure of a corner of the paper to the +wood will render it almost sufficiently adherent without the pin, and do +away with the vexation of corners tearing off.] + +[Footnote 5: Some difference of opinion seemed to exist at the reading of +the paper, as to the propriety of preparing iodized paper long before it +was required for use, and I have since received some letters from very able +photographers who have attributed an occasional want of success to this +cause. I have, however, never myself seen good iodized paper deteriorated +by age. Many friends tell me they have used it when several years old; and +I can confirm this by a remarkable instance. On Tuesday (Dec. 6) I was +successful in obtaining a perfectly good negative in the usual time from +some paper kindly presented to me by Mr. Mackinly, and which has been in +his possession since the year 1844. I should add, the paper bears the mark +of "J. Whatman, 1842," and has all the characters of Turner's best +photographic paper. It appears to be a make of Whatman's paper which I have +not hitherto seen, and, from its date, was evidently not made for +photographic purposes.] + +[Footnote 6: The paper may be iodized by pouring over it 30 minims of the +iodizing solution, and then smoothing it over with the glass rod. Care must +however be taken not to wet the back of the paper, as an unevenness of +depth in the negative would probably be the result.] + +[Footnote 7: Much more attention should be paid to the purity of the +distilled water than is generally supposed. In the many processes in which +distilled water is used, there is none in which attention to this is so +much required as the calotype process. I mention this from having lately +had some otherwise fine negatives spoiled by being covered with spots, +emanating entirely from impurities in distilled water purchased by me +during a late excursion into the country.] + +[Footnote 8: It is very requisite that the glasses of the frames should be +thoroughly cleansed before the excited papers are put into them. Although +not perceptible to the eye, there is often left on the glass (if this +precaution is not used) a decomposing influence which afterwards shows +itself by stains upon the negative.] + +[Footnote 9: If boiling water is carefully poured in the negative in a +porcelain dish, it will frequently remove a great deal of colouring matter, +thereby rendering the negative still more translucent. It is astonishing +how much colouring matter a negative so treated will give out, even when to +the eye it appears so clean as not to require it.] + +[Footnote 10: MR. SHADBOLT suggested a remedy for the disasters referred to +by DR. DIAMOND with regard to the gutta-percha vessels. Gutta-percha is +perfectly soluble in chloroform. MR. SHADBOLT therefore showed that if the +operator carries a small bottle of chloroform with him, he would be able to +mend the gutta-percha at any moment in a few seconds. It was not necessary +that the bottle should hold above half an ounce of chloroform.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Belike_ (Vol. viii., p. 358.).--The reasoning by which H. C. K. supports +his conjecture that "belike" in _Macbeth_ is formed immediately by +prefixing _be_ to a supposed verb, _like_, to lie, is ingenious, but far +from satisfactory. In the first place, we never used _to like_ in the sense +of _to lie_, the nearest approach to it is _to lig_. And in the next place, +the verb to _like_, to please, to feel or cause pleasure, to approve or +regard with approbation, as a consequential usage (agreeably to the Dutch +form of Liicken (Kilian), to _assimilate_), is common from our earliest +writers. Instances from Robert of Gloucester, Chaucer, and North, with +instances also of _mislike_, to displease, may be found in Richardson and +others in Todd's _Johnson_. + +Now, when we have a word well established in various usage (as _like_, +similis), from which other usages may be easily deduced, why not adopt that +word as the immediate source, rather than seek for a new one? That _like_, +now written _ly_, is from _lic_, a corpse, _i.e._ an essence, has, I +believe, the merit of originality; so too, his notion that _corpse_ is an +_essence_, and the more, as emanating from a rectory, which probably is not +far removed frown a churchyard. + +H. C. K., it is very _likely_, is right in his conception that all his +three _likes_ "have had originally one and the same source;" but he does +not appear inclined to rest contented with the very sufficient one in our +parent language, suggested by Richardson (in his 8vo. dictionary), the +Gothic _lag-yan_; A.-S. _lec-gan_, or _lic-gan_, to lay or lie. + +I should interpret _belike_ (for so I should write it with H. C. K.) by +"approve." + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_Stage-coaches_ (Vol. viii., p. 439.).--The following Note may perhaps +prove acceptable to G. E. F. The article from which it was taken contained, +if I remember rightly, much more information upon the same subject: + + "The stage-coach 'Wonder,' from London to Shrewsbury, and the + 'Hirondelle' belonged to Taylor of Shrewsbury. The 'Hirondelle' did 120 + miles in 8 hours and 20 minutes. One day a team of four greys did 9 + miles in 35 minutes. The 'Wonder' left {601} Lion Yard, Shrewsbury, one + morning at 6 o'clock, and was at Islington at 7 o'clock the same + evening, being only 13 hours on the road."--_The Times_, July 11, 1842. + +W. R. D. S. + +_Birthplace of King Edward V._ (Vol. viii., p. 468.).-- + + "1471. In this year, the third day of November, Queen Elizabeth, being, + as before is said, in Westminster Sanctuary, was lighted of a fair + prince. And within the said place the said child, without pomp, was + after christened, whose godfathers were the abbat and prior of the said + place, and the Lady Scrope godmother."--Fabian's _Chronicle_, p. 659., + Lond. 1811. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +Fuller, in his _Worthies_, vol. ii. p. 414., says Edward, eldest son of +Edward IV. and Elizabeth his queen, was born in the sanctuary of +Westminster, November 4, 1471. + +A. + +_Ringing Church Bells at Death_ (Vol. viii., p. 55. &c.).--The custom of +ringing the church bell, as soon as might be convenient after the passing +of a soul from its earthly prison-house, in the manner described in "N. & +Q.," existed ten years ago in the parish of Rawmarsh, in the West Riding of +Yorkshire, and had existed there before I became its rector, twenty-two +years ago. First a brisk peal was rung, if I mistake not, on one of the +lighter bells, which was raised and lowered; then, upon the same, or some +other of the lighter bells, the sex of the deceased was indicated by a +given number of distinct strokes,--I cannot with certainty recall the +respective numbers; lastly, the tenor bell was made to declare the supposed +age of the deceased by as many strokes as had been counted years. + +JOHN JAMES. + +_What is the Origin of "Getting into a Scrape?"_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--It +may have been, first, a tumble in the mire; by such a process many of us in +childhood have both literally and figuratively "got into a scrape." Or, +secondly, the expression may have arisen from the use of _the razor_, where +to be shaved was regarded as an indignity, or practised as a token of deep +humiliation. D'Arvieux mentions an Arab who, having received a wound in his +jaw, chose rather to hazard his life, than allow the surgeon to take off +his beard. When Hanun had shaved off half the beards of David's servants, +"David sent to meet them, because they were greatly ashamed: and the king +said, 'Tarry at Jericho until your beards be grown, and then return'" (2 +Sam. x. 4, 5.). The expedient of _shaving off the other half_ seems not to +have been thought on, though that would naturally have been resorted to, +had not the indignity of being rendered beardless appeared intolerable. +Under this figure the desolation of a country is threatened. "In the same +day shall the Lord shave with a razor that is hired, by them beyond the +river, even by the King of Assyria, the head, and the hair of the feet, and +it shall consume the beard" (Isaiah vii. 20.). Again, as a token of grief +and humiliation: "Then Job arose and rent his mantle, and shaved his +beard," &c.--"There came fourscore men, having their heads shaven, and +their clothes rent, and having cut themselves," &c. (Jer. xli. 5.). Or, +thirdly, the allusion may be to the consequence of becoming infected with +some loathsome cutaneous disease. "So Satan smote Job with sore boils from +the sole of his foot unto his crown. And he took him a potsherd to _scrape_ +himself withal" (Job ii. 7, 8.). + +J. W. T. + +Dewsbury. + +_High Dutch and Low Dutch_ (Vol. viii., p. 478.).--Nieder Deutsch, or +rather Neder Duitsch, is the proper name of the Dutch language; at least it +is that which the people of Holland give to it. Low German does not +necessarily mean a vulgar patois. It is essentially as different a language +from High German, or rather more so, as Spanish is from Portuguese. I +believe German purists would point out Holstein, Hanover, Brunswick (not +Dresden), as the places where German is most classically spoken. I wish one +of your German (not Anglo-German) readers would set us right on this point. +The term Dutch, as applied to the language of Holland as distinguished from +that of German, is a comparative modernism in English. High Dutch and Low +Dutch used to be the distinction; and when Coverdale's _Translation of the +Bible_ is said to have been "compared with the Douche," German, and not +what we now call Dutch, is meant. Deutsch, in short, or Teutsch, is the +generic name for the language of the Teutones, for whom Germani, or +Ger-maenner, was not a national appellation, but one which merely betokened +their warlike character. + +E. C. H. + +_Discovery of Planets_ (Vol. vii., p. 211.).--I should wish to ask MR. H. +WALTER, who has a learned answer about the discovery of planets, whether +the idea which he there broaches of a lost world where sin entered and for +which mercy was not found, be his own original invention, or whether he is +indebted to any one for it, and if so, to whom? + +QUAESTOR. + +_Gloves at Fairs_ (Vol. viii., pp. 136. 421.).--This title has changed into +a question of the open hand as an emblem of power. In addition to the +instances cited by your correspondents, the following may be mentioned. + +The Romans used the open hand as a standard. + +The Kings of Ulster adopted it as their peculiar cognizance; thence it was +transferred to the shield of the baronets created Knights of Ulster by +James I.; to many of whose families recent {602} myths have in consequence +attributed bloody deeds to account for the cognizance of the bloody hand. +The Holte family of Aston Hall, near this town, affords an instance of such +a modern myth, which has, I think, already appeared in "N. & Q." The +subject of _modern myths_ would form a very interesting one for your pages. + +An open hand occurs on tombs in Lycia. (Fellowes' _Lycia_, p. 180.) + +The Turks and Moors paint an open hand as a specific against the evil eye. +(Shaw's _Travels in Barbary_, p. 243.) + +The open hand in red paint is of common occurrence on buffalo robes among +the tribes of North America, and is also stamped, apparently by the natural +hand dipped in a red colour, on the monuments of Yucatan and Guatemala. +(Stephen's _Yucatan_.) + +EDEN WARWICK. + +Birmingham. + +_Awk_ (Vol. viii., p. 310.).--H. C. K. asks for instances of the usage of +the word _awk_. He will find one in Richardson's _Dictionary_, and two of +_awkly_: + + "The _auke_ or left hand."--Holland's _Plutarch_. + + "They receive her _aukly_, when she (Fortune) presenteth herself on the + _right_ hand."--_Ibid._ + + "To undertake a thing _awkely_, or ungainly."--Fuller's _Worthies_. + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_Tenet_ (Vol. viii., p. 330.) was used by Hooker and Hall, and is also +found in state trial, 1 Hen. V., 1413, of Sir John Oldcastle. Sir Thomas +Browne, though he writes _tenets_ in his title, has _tenent_ in c. i. of +b. vii. But these variations may be generally placed to the account of the +printers in those days. (See TENET, in Richardson.) + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_Lovett of Astwell_ (Vol. viii., p. 363.).--Since I wrote on this subject, +I have consulted Baker's excellent _History of Northamptonshire_, and I +find the pedigree (vol. i. p. 732.) fully bears out my strictures on Betham +and Burke's account of Thomas Lovett, and his marriage with Joan Billinger. +With regard to Elizabeth Boteler, Mr. Baker simply states that Thomas +Lovett, Esq., of Astwell, married to his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of +John Boteler, Esq., of Watton Woodhall, Herts; but I observe that (_Idem._ +vol. i. p. 730.) there is in Wappenham Church (the parish of which Astwell +is hamlet) a brass to the memory of "Constance, late the wife of John +Boteler, Esq., and sister to Henry Vere, Esq., who died May 16, 1499:" this +lady, I conjecture, was the mother of Elizabeth Boteler, afterwards Lovett; +and her daughter must have been heir to her mother, as the arms of Vere and +Green are quartered on her grandson Thomas Lovett's tombstone in the same +church; as well as on another monument of the Lovetts, the inscription of +which is now obliterated. The pedigree of the Botelers in Clutterbuck +(_Herts_, vol. ii. p. 475.) does not give this marriage; but John Boteler, +Esq., of Watton Woodhall, who was of full age in 1456, and whose first wife +Elizabeth died Oct. 28, 1471, is said to have married to his second wife +Constance, daughter of ---- Downhall of Gedington, co. Northamptonshire. +Can this be the lady buried at Wappenham? She was the mother of John +Boteler, Esq., Watton Woodhall, Sheriff of Herts and Essex in 1490; +therefore her daughter would not be entitled to transmit her arms to her +descendants. Or could the last-mentioned John Boteler, who died in 1514, +have had another wife besides the three mentioned in Clutterbuck? There can +be no question that one of the two John Botelers of Watton Woodhall married +Constance de Vere, as the marriage is mentioned on the monument at +Wappenham. I hope some of your genealogical readers may examine this point. + +TEWARS. + +_Irish Rhymes_ (Vol. viii., p. 250.).--In "The Wish," appended to _The +Ocean_ of Young (afterwards suppressed in his collected works, but quoted +by Dr. Johnson), are the following rhymes: + + "Oh! may I _steal_ + Along the _vale_ + Of humble life, secure from foes." + +And again: + + "Have what I _have_, + And live not _leave_." + +And yet again: + + "Then leave one _beam_ + Of honest _fame_, + And scorn the labour'd monument." + +And in his "Instalment" (which shared the same fate as "The Wish"): + + "Oh! how I long, enkindled by the _theme_, + In deep eternity to launch thy _name_." + +Young was no "Mil_a_sian:" so these rhymes go to acquit Swift of the +Irishism attributed to him by CUTHBERT BEDE; as, taken in connexion with +those used by Pope and others, it is clear they were not uncommon or +confined to the Irish poets. At the same time, I cannot think them either +elegant or musical, nor can I agree with one of your correspondents, that +their occasional use destroys the sameness of rhyme. If poets were to +introduce eccentric rhymes at pleasure, to produce variety, the shade of +Walker would I think be troubled sorely. + +ALEXANDER ANDREWS. + +_Passage in Boerhaave_ (Vol. vii., p. 453.).--As the passage is incorrectly +given from memory, it {603} is not easy to say where it is to be found. I +venture, however, to lay before the FOREIGN SURGEON the following, from the +_Institutiones Medicae caet. digestae_, ab Herm. Boerhaave (Vienna, 1775), +p. 382.: + + "Unde tamen mors senilis per has mutationes accidit inevitabilis, et ex + ipsa sanitate sequens." + +And from Ph. Ambr. Marhesz, Praelectiones in H. Boerh., _Inst. Med._ +(Vienna, 1785), vol. iii. p. 44.: + + "Tum vivere cessat decripitus senex, sine morbo in mortem transiens, + nisi senectutis vitium ineluctabile pro morbo habeas." + +See also s. 475. Possibly the required passage may be found in Burton's +_Account of the Life, &c. of Dr. Boerhaave_ (London, 1743). Allow me, +however, to quote the following from a discourse of Joannes Oosterdijk +Schacht (Boerhaave's cotemporary), delivered by him September 12, 1729, +when he entered on the professorship at Utrecht. From this it will appear +that the words ascribed to Boerhaave may be attributed to other learned +men: + + "Nemini igitur mirum videatur, si innumeris stipata malis superveniat + senectus, quam nec solam nec morbis tantum comitatam obrepere, sed + ipsam morbum esse, et olim vidit vetustas, et hodierna abunde docet + experientia."--Joann. Oosterdijk Schacht, _Oratio Inauguralis caet._ + (Traj. ad Rhenum, 1729). + +From the _Navorscher_. + +L. D. R. + +Ginnekin. + +_Craton the Philosopher_ (Vol. viii., p. 441.).-- + + "At that time two brothers, who were extremely rich, sold their + inheritance by the advice of Crato the philosopher, and bought diamonds + of singular value, which they crushed in the Forum before all the + people, thus making an ostentatious exhibition of their contempt for + the world. St. John, happening to be passing through the Forum, + witnessed this display, and, pitying the folly of these misguided men, + kindly gave them sounder advice. Sending for Crato their master, who + had led them into error, he blamed the wasteful destruction of valuable + property, and instructed him in the true meaning of contempt for the + world according to Christ's doctrine, quoting the precept of that + teacher, his own Master, when, in reply to the young man who inquired + of Him how he might obtain eternal life, He said, 'If thou wilt be + perfect, go and sell all that thou hast and give to the poor, and thou + shalt have treasure in heaven; and come and follow me.' Crato the + philosopher, acknowledging the soundness of the apostle's teaching, + entreated him to restore the jewels which had been foolishly crushed to + their former condition. St. John then gathered up the precious + fragments, and, while he held them in his hand, prayed for some time + with his eyes raised to heaven. His prayer being concluded, and all the + faithful present having said _Amen_, the broken pieces of the jewels + became so closely united, that there remained not the slightest + appearance of any fracture. Then Crato the philosopher, with all his + disciples, threw himself at the apostle's feet, believed, and were + baptized; and Crato, preaching openly the faith of the Lord Jesus, + became a true philosopher. Moreover, the two brothers who before + destroyed their property to no purpose, now, in obedience to the + evangelical precept, sold their jewels, and distributed the price in + alms to the poor of Christ. And a multitude of believers began to + attach themselves to St. John, and to follow his steps."--_Ordericus + Vitalis_, b. II. ch. v. (Mr. Forrester's translation), Bohn's edit., + vol. i. pp. 240, 241. + +J. SANSOM. + +_The Curfew_ (Vol. vii., pp. 167. 539.).--Add to the already long list of +places where the curfew bell is still rung the following: + +St. Werburgh's (Cathedral) Chester, Acton, Audlem, Nantwich, Wybunbury; all +in Cheshire and adjoining parishes. + +Madeley, Staffordshire. In this place also (Audlem) the very ancient custom +of chiming at funerals is still maintained. + +T. H. KERSLEY, B.A. + +Audlem, Nantwich. + +_Thomas Blount_ (Vol. viii., p. 286.).--Since forwarding the monumental +inscription inserted as above, which makes this gentleman's death to take +place on Dec. 26, I find that Sir William Dugdale, with whom Blount was on +terms of intimacy, as he calls him "my very worthy friend," has the +following notice of him in his _Diary_ under the year 1679: + + "December 16. Mr. T. Blount dyed, at Orlton, Herefordshire, of an + apoplexie." + +Thus making a difference of ten days, which is probably an error made by +the engraver of the inscription. It may be interesting to know from the +same authority, that Mr. Blount's chamber was in Fig Tree Court, on the +back side of the Inner Temple Hall, London, his country residence being at +Orlton. From his correspondence with Sir William, it appears that he +rendered him much assistance in his works. + +J. B. WHITBORNE. + +_Pronunciations of "Coke" and "Cowper"_ (Vols. iv. and v. _passim_; Vol. +vi., p. 16.).--So much, and so well to the purpose, has already been said +in "N. & Q.," in support of the averment that the former of these names was +originally pronounced _Cook_, that it may appear needless to adduce +additional evidence; still, considering the source from which the testimony +I am now bringing forward is derived, I think I may stand excused for +recurring to the subject. It is from the Court Books of the manor of +Mitcham (the birthplace of Sir Edward Coke), and from the parochial +registers; in which, and, indeed, in all cotemporary records where sound +was followed in the spelling, I find the name of this family written {604} +_Cook_ or _Cooke_. The great Sir Edward's own baptismal register is thus +entered--1551, Feb. 7. "Edward Cooke genero." Surely this is conclusive. +The same pronunciation was vulgarly followed almost up to the present time. +There must be many who remember at the Norfolk elections the cry of "Cook +for ever," as well as that of the opposite political party who threw up +their caps for _Woodhouse_; for so _Wodehouse_ was in like manner +pronounced. Again, the Hobarts, another Norfolk family, were always called +_Hubbarts_; and more anciently Bokenham, _Buckenham_, Todenham, +_Tuddenham_, and others I could name, showing that in the Norfolk dialect +the usage was in pronunciation to soften the _o_. + +Now as regards the sound of Cowper, the same class of authorities, old +deeds, court rolls, and parish registers, appears to lead to a different +conclusion from that of your other correspondents. We have now no _Cowper_ +family of Norfolk origin; of _Coopers_ we have multitudes: the names of +whose forefathers were written _Couper_ or _Cowper_; and if written as +pronounced, the analogical inference is that the original pronunciation was +_Cowper_, Cooper being merely the modern way of spelling; and curiously +enough, the parish of _Hoo_, in this county, is called and now usually +spelt _How_. + +G. A. C. + +_Unkid_ (Vol. viii., p. 353.).--_Unketh_, _uncouth_, are different writings +of the same word. Jamieson has _uncoudy_, which he explains, dreary; and +_coudy_, i. e. couth, couthy, nearly allied to _cuth_, notus (see _couth_ +(could), _uncouth_, _unketh_, in Richardson; and _coudy_, _uncoudy_, in +Jamieson). Lye has "_Uncwid_, solitary; whence, perhaps, the not entirely +obsolete _unkid_." Grose also tells us that, in the north, _uncuffs_ and +_uncuds_ mean news. It is very plain that these are all the same word, +differently written and applied. + +Q. + +Bloomsbury. + +_To split Paper_ (Vol. viii., p. 413.).-- + + "Procure two rollers or cylinders of glass, amber, resin, or metallic + amalgam; strongly excite them by the well known means so as to produce + the attraction of cohesion, and then, with pressure, pass the paper + between the rollers; one half will adhere to the under roller, and the + other to the upper roller; then cease the excitation, and remove each + part."--From the _Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal_. + +A. H. B. + +_La Fleur des Saints_ (Vol. viii., p. 410.).--The work which Moliere +intended was in all probability the French translation of a Spanish work +entitled _Flos Sanctorum_. The author of it was Alonso de Villegas. It was +first printed at Toledo in 1591, and an English version appeared at Douay +in 1615. Some idea of the contents may be gathered from the following +title: _Flos Sanctorum, Historia General de la Vida, y Hechos de Jesu +Christo Dios y Senor nuestro; y de todos los Santos, de que reza, y haze +fiesta la Iglesia Catolica, &c._ My copy is the Madrid edition of 1653. + +C. HARDWICK. + +St. Catharine's Hall, Cambridge. + +_Dr. Butler and St. Edmund's Bury_ (Vol. viii., p. 125.).--Could this have +been Dr. William Butler, of eccentric memory, born at Ipswich about 1535, +and buried in St. Mary's Church, Cambridge, 1618? + +G. A. C. + +_Major Andre_ (Vol. viii., p. 174.).--Two nephews of Major Andre, sons of +his sister, Mrs. Mills, are resident in Norwich, both being surgeons there. +Perhaps, on application, your correspondent SERVIENS would be able to +obtain from them some serviceable information regarding this unfortunate +officer. + +G. A. C. + +_Wooden Tombs and Effigies_ (Vol. viii., p. 255.).--In the church of +Chew-Magna, co. Somerset, is the effigy of Sir John Hautville, cut (says +Collinson, vol. ii. p. 100.) in one solid piece of Irish oak. He lies on +his left side, resting on his hip and elbow, the left hand supporting his +head. The figure is in armour, with a red loose coat without sleeves over +it, a girdle and buckle, oblong shield, helmet, and gilt spurs. The right +hand rests on the edge of the shield. This monument was brought many years +ago from the neighbouring church (now destroyed) of Norton Hautville. Sir +John lived temp. Henry III. The popular story of him is that he was a +person of gigantic strength, and that he carried, for a feat, three men to +the top of Norton church tower, one under each arm, and the third in his +teeth! (Collinson, vol. ii. p. 108.) + +J. E. J. + +_Froissart's Accuracy_ (Vol. viii., p. 494.).--The accuracy of Froissart as +an historian has never been questioned, says T. J. This assertion ought not +to pass without a note. If T. J. will look into Hallam's _Lit. of Europe_, +ch. iii., he will find that judicious and learned critic comparing +Froissart with Livy for "fertility of historical invention," or, in other +words, for his unhesitatingly supplying his readers with a copious and +picturesque statement of the details of events, where they were palpably +out of the reach of his knowledge. + +As a gleaner of chivalrous gossip, and a painter of national manners, +Froissart is perhaps unequalled. Take up his account of a campaign on the +Scottish borders, and he relates the proceedings in his amusing style, as +if he had been behind every bush with the Scotch, and hunting for them in +vain with every English banner. But if his accuracy be inquired into, he +tells you that Carlisle, which he calls Cardoel en Gales, is on {605} the +Tyne, and was garrisoned in vain with "grand plante de Galois," to prevent +the Scotch from passing the Tyne under its walls (vol. i. ch. xviii. xix. +xxi.). + +So much by way of note; but there is a Query which I should be glad to see +answered. Bayle (art. Froissart) quotes a German critic as affirming that +in the Lyons edition of Froissart, by Denys Saulvage, 1559: "Omnia quae +Aulae Gallicae displicebant, deleta, vixque decimam historiae partem +relictam esse." Does Col. Johnes notice this inaccuracy in the edition +generally procurable? And does he state whether he saw, or consulted, or +received any benefit from the existence of the MS. copy of Froissart, once +in the library of Breslaw? + +HENRY WALTER. + +_Nursery Rhymes_ (Vol. viii., p. 452.).--I fear J. R.'s anxiety to find a +Saxon origin to a nursery rhyme has _suggested_ unconsciously a version +which does not otherwise exist. The rhyme in my young days used to be,-- + + "Hushaby, baby, on the tree top, + When the wind blows the cradle will rock." + +--a sufficient rhyme for the nursery. + +EDEN WARWICK. + +Birmingham. + +"_Hip, hip, hurrah!_" (Vol. viii., pp. 88. 323.).-- SIR J. EMERSON TENNENT, +in answering MR. BRENT'S observation at p. 88., seems to have been fighting +a shadow. Upon reference to Mr. Chappell's _Collection_, vol. ii. p. 38., +quoted by MR. BRENT, it appears that a note by Dr. Burney, in a copy of +Hawkins's _History of Music_, in the British Museum, is the authority for +the reading: + + "Hang up all the poor _hep_ drinkers, + Cries old Sim, the King of skinkers." + +In the folio edition of Ben Jonson's _Works_, published by Thomas Hodgkin, +London, 1692, in which the "Leges Convivales" are I believe for the first +time printed, the verses over the door of the Apollo are given, and the +couplet runs: + + "Hang up all the poor _hop_ drinkers, + Cries Old Sym, the King of skinkers." + +Probably Mr. Chappell misread Dr. Burney's MS. note: at all events MR. +BRENT'S ingenious suggestion is without foundation. + +A. F. B. + +Diss. + +_Dodo_ (Vol. vii., p. 83.).--Dodo or Doun Bardolf married Beatrix, daughter +of William de Warren of Wormegay. She was a widow in 1209, and remarried +the famous Hubert de Burgh. + +ANON. + +_Oaths_ (Vol. viii., p. 364.).--Your correspondent assumes that the act of +kissing the Bible, or other book containing the Holy Gospels, by a judicial +witness, is a part of the oath itself. Is it such, or is it merely an act +of reverence to the book? In support of the latter supposition, I would +quote Archdeacon Paley, who says, that after repeating the oath,-- + + "The juror kisses the book; the kiss, however, seems rather an act of + reverence to the contents of the book, as in the Popish ritual the + priest kisses the gospel before he reads it, than any part of the + oath."--_Mor. and Pol. Ph._, p. 193., thirteenth edition. + +In none of the instances given by C. S. G. does kissing the book appear to +be essential. Does not this rather favour Dr. Paley's explanation? which, +if it be correct, would, I think, afford grounds for concluding that the +practice of kissing the book accompanied the taking of ancient oaths, and +is not, as C. S. G. suggests, an addition of later times. + +Again, may I bring forward the same authority in opposition to that quoted +by your correspondent with reference to the origin of the term corporal +oath: + + "It is commonly thought that oaths are denominated corporal oaths from + the bodily action which accompanies them, of laying the right hand upon + a book containing the four gospels. This opinion, however, appears to + be a mistake, for the term is borrowed from the ancient usage of + touching upon these occasions the _corporale_, or cloth, which covered + the consecrated elements."--P. 191. + +R. V. T. + +Mincing Lane. + +The old custom of taking the judicial oath by merely laying the right hand +upon the book, is undoubtedly, thinks ERICA, of Pagan origin. In my humble +opinion it is far too common with us to ascribe things to Pagan origin. I +would venture to assert that the origin of this form of judicial oath may +be traced to Deuteronomy xxi. 1-8., where at the sacrifice offered up in +expiation of secret murder, the rulers of the city nearest the spot where +the corpse was found were in presence of the corpse to wash their hands +_over_ the victim, and say, "Our hands did not shed this blood, nor did our +eyes see it." + +CEYREP. + +_Mayors and Sheriffs_ (Vol. viii., p. 126.).--In answer to a SUBSCRIBER, +there can be little or no doubt, I consider, but that the mayor of a town +or borough is the principal and most important officer, and ought to have +precedence of a sheriff of a town or borough. By stat. 5 & 6 Wm. IV. cap. +76. sec. 57., it is enacted, "That the mayor for the time being of every +borough shall, during the time of his mayoralty, have precedence in all +places within the borough." As sheriffs of towns, and counties of towns, do +not derive their appointments from the Crown, but from the councils of +their respective towns, &c. (see sec. 61. of the {606} above Act), I do not +imagine that they can legally claim precedence of mayors, on the alleged +ground of any "representation of Majesty," in the face of the particular +enactment above quoted; which, indeed, seems to me to give to the mayor +within his own borough precedence of a high sheriff of a county, if present +on any public occasion. I am not aware that the sheriff of borough, as +such, can "_claim_ to have a grant of arms, if he has not any previous;" +although I have no doubt he may readily obtain one, upon payment of the +usual fees. + +C. J. + +_Mousehunt_ (Vol. viii., p. 516.).-- + + "A Mousehunt is a little animal of the species of weasel; it has a very + slender body, about the length of a rat, with a long hairy tail, bushy + at the end; the back is of a reddish-brown colour, the hair long and + smooth; the belly is white, as are also its feet; it runs very swiftly, + swaying its body as it moves along from side to side. The head is short + and narrow, with small ears, like those of a rat; the eyes are black, + piercing, and very bright. Their chief food is rats, mice, young + chickens, little birds, and eggs. They frequent mole-hills, and are + often caught in the traps set for the moles; they are destroyed by + ferrets and dogs. These mousehunts live, for the most part, in holes + beneath the roots of trees, or in old buildings." + +The above description of the Mousehunt is given in _The History of a +Field-mouse_ by Miss Black. Should it be thought of sufficient authority to +deserve a place in "N. & Q.," the coincidence which led "Little Downy" to +be read to a little girl on the morning of Nov. 26 will amuse. + +E. B. R. + +_"Salus populi," &c._ (Vol. viii., p. 410.).--Selden, in his _Table Talk_ +(art. PEOPLE), states, on what authority I know not, that this was part of +the law of XII Tables. + +E. S. T. T. + +_Love Charm from a Foal's Forehead_ (Vol. viii., p. 292.).--The word which +H. P. wants is _Hippomanes_. The reference which the Lexicons give is to +Aristotle's _History of Animals_, viii. 23. 5. + +I shall be glad to have some of H. P.'s references to Tacitus, as I cannot +now call one to mind. In connexion with the subject, I should like to know +if the white star, which used to be so fashionable on horses' foreheads, +was always or generally produced artificially. + +W. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Land of Green Ginger_ (Vol. viii., pp. 160. 227.). --So named, in all +probability, from green ginger having been manufactured there. Green ginger +was one of the favourite conserve of our ancestors, and great quantities of +it were made in this country from dried ginger roots. In an old +black-letter work without date, but unmistakeably of the sixteenth century, +entitled _The Book of pretty C[=o]ceits, taken out of Latine, French, +Dutch, and English_, there is a receipt "To make Green Ginger," commencing +thus:--"Take rases of cased ginger and use them in this sort." I need not +quote the long-winded receipt. Suffice it to say that dried ginger was +placed in alternate layers with fine white sand, and the whole mass kept +constantly wet until the ginger became quite soft. It was then washed, +scraped clean, and put into sirup. There can be no greater difficulty in +finding a derivation for the Land of Green Ginger, than for Pudding Lane, +or Pie Corner. + +W. PINKERTON. + +Ham. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +The Members of the _Camden Society_ have just received two volumes, with +which we doubt not all will be well pleased. The first is a farther +portion, namely, from M to R, of Mr. Way's most valuable edition of the +_Promptorium Parvulorum_. A glance at the foot-notes, so rich in +philological illustration, and a knowledge that Mr. Way's labours have been +greatly impeded by his removal from London, where only he can meet with the +authorities which he is obliged to consult, may well explain the delay +which has taken place in its publication. But we doubt not that the Camden +Council are justified in the hope which they have expressed that the favour +with which the present portion is received, will encourage the editor to +proceed with all possible dispatch to the conclusion of the work. + +Rich, like the _Promptorium_, in philological illustration, and of the +highest value as a contribution to the social history of the thirteenth +century, is the next work; and for which the Camden Members are indebted to +the learned Vicar of Holbeach, The Rev. James Morton. _The Ancren Riwle; a +Treatise on the Rules and Duties of Monastic Life_, which he has edited and +translated from a Semi-Saxon MS. of the thirteenth century, is a work which +many of our best scholars have long desired to see in print,--we believe we +may add, that many have thought seriously of editing. The information to be +derived from it, with regard to the state of society, the learning and +manners, the moral and religious teaching, and the language of the period +in which it was written, is so various and so important, that it is clear +the Camden Society has done good service in selecting it for publication; +while the manner in which it has been edited by Mr. Morton, and the +translation and complete Glossarial Index with which he has enriched it, +show that the Council did equally well in their choice of an editor. The +work does the highest credit both to that gentleman and to the Camden +Society. + +Mr Bridger, of 3. Keppel Street, Russell Square, is desirous of making +known to our readers that he is engaged in compiling a "Catalogue of +Privately Printed Books in Genealogy and kindred subjects," and to solicit +information in furtherance of his design, {607} more especially with regard +to privately printed sheet pedigrees. The Catalogue will be printed for +private distribution, and he will be happy to give a copy to any one who +may favour him with communications. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--As usual, we have a large item to enter under this head to +the account of that enterprising caterer of good and cheap books, Mr. Bohn. +We have two volumes of his _Standard Library_, namely, Adam Smith's _Theory +of Moral Sentiments; and Dissertation on the Origin of Languages, with the +Biographical and Critical Memoir of the Author_, by Dugald Stewart--and a +work of greater present interest, though in itself of far less importance, +namely, Ranke's _History of Servia_, and his _Insurrection in Bosnia, +translated from the German_, by Mrs. A. Kerr, and the _Slave Provinces of +Turkey, chiefly from the French_ of M. Cyprien Robert, a volume which will +be read with eagerness in the present condition of the political world. +_Justin, Cornelius Nepos, and Eutropius, literally translated, with Notes +and a General Index_, by the Reverend J. Selby Watson, M.A., forms the new +volume of the same publisher's _Classical Library_. Mr. Bohn has this month +commenced a New Series under the title of Bohn's _British Classics_. The +first work is an edition of Gibbon's _Decline and Fall_, with the notes of +Guizot, Wenck, and other continental writers; and farther illustrations by +an English Churchman. In thus choosing Gibbon, Mr. Bohn has not shown his +usual tact. He may not mean his edition to be a rival to that published by +Mr. Murray under the editorship of Dean Milman; but he will find much +difficulty in dissuading the reading world that it is not so intended. We +speak thus freely, because we have always spoken so freely in commendation +of Mr. Bohn's projects generally.--_Catalogue of my English Library, +collected and described_ by Henry Stevens, F.S.A., is a catalogue of the +books essential to a good English library of about 5000 volumes, and such +as Mr. Stevens, the indefatigable supplier of book rarities and book +utilities to his American brethren, feels justified in recommending. It +would be found so capital a Hand-book to all classes, that we are sorry to +see it is only printed for private distribution.--_The Botanist's +Word-book_, by G. Macdonald, Esq., and Dr. James Allan. This little +vocabulary of the terms employed in the Science of Botany, which may now +almost be described as the science of Long Names, will be found most useful +by all who pursue that fascinating study. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +THE FRIENDS. 1773. 2 Vols. + +THE EDINBURGH MISCELLANY. 1720. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +ORMEROD'S CHESHIRE. Parts II. and X. Small Paper. + +HEMINGWAY'S CHESTER. Parts I. and III. Large Paper. + + Wanted by _T. Hughes_, 13. Paradise Row, Chester. + + * * * * * + +AARON HILL'S PLAIN DEALER. + +EDINBURGH MISCELLANY. Edinb. 1720. + + Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington. + + * * * * * + +OXFORD ALMANACK for 1719. + +AMOENITATES ACADEMICAE. Vol. I. Holmiae, 1749. + +AMMANUS l. STIRPES RARIORES. Petrop. 1739. + +PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS for 1683. + +ANNALS OF PHILOSOPHY for January, 1824. + +UNIVERSAL MAGAZINE for January, 1763. + +SPRINGEL AND DECANDOLLE'S BOTANY. + + Wanted by _Mr. H. T. Bobart_, Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + + * * * * * + +LADERCHII ANNALES ECCLESIASTICI. 3 Tom. Folio. Romae, 1728-37. + +THE BIBLE in Shorthand, according to the method of Mr. James Weston, whose +Shorthand Prayer Book was published in the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's +Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, 1687, would be given in exchange. + +LOESCHER, DE LATROCINIIS, QUAE IN SCRIPTORES PUBLICOS SOLENT COMMITTERE +HAERETICI. 4to. Vitemb. 1674. + +LOESCHER, ACTA REFORMATIONIS. + +SCHRAMM, DISSERT. DE LIBRORUM PROHIBITORUM INDICIBUS. 4to. Helmst. 1708. + +JAMESII SPECIMEN CORRUPTELARUM PONTIFIC. 4to. Lond. 1626. + +MACEDO, DIATRIBE DE CARDINALIS BONAE ERRORIBUS. + + Wanted by _Rev. Richard Gibbings_, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal. + + * * * * * + +PECK'S (FR.) HISTORY OF THE STAMFORD BULL RUNNING. + +THE CASE OF MR. SAM. BRUCKSHAW CONSIDERED. 8vo. or 12mo. + + Wanted by _Mr. J. Phillips_, Stamford. + + * * * * * + +RECOLLECTIONS AND REFLECTIONS DURING THE REIGN OF GEORGE III., by John +Nicholls. 2 Vols. 8vo. London, Ridgway, 1820. + + Wanted by _G. Cornewall Lewis_, Kent House, Knightsbridge. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_We have this week the pleasure of again presenting our readers with a +Thirty-two page Number, in consequence of the number of Advertisements and +the length of _DR. DIAMOND'S_ valuable paper. This latter we recommend to +the attention of our antiquarian friends, who will find, as we have done, +that the process is at once simple and certain, and one which may be +mastered with very little trouble._ + +NON-MEDICUS. _Your correction of an obvious blunder in the +Registrar-General's Report is not fitted for our columns._ + +F. W. _The proverb_ Good wine needs no bush _has reference to the practice +which formerly prevailed of hanging a tuft of ivy at the door of a vintner, +as we learn from_-- + + "Now a days the good wyne needeth none ivye garland." + +_Ritson, in a note on the epilogue to Shakespeare's_ As You Like It, +_speaks of the custom as then prevalent in Warwickshire, and as having +given the name to the well-known_ Bush Inn _at Bristol_. + +B. W. C. (Barum). _The subject is under serious consideration, but the +difficulties are greater than our friendly Correspondent imagines._ + +J. D. Les Lettres Cabalistiques _were written by M. D'Argens, the author +of_ Les Lettres Juives _and_ Les Lettres Chinoises. + +MR. J. A. DUNKIN, _of Dartford, Kent, would feel obliged with the loan of +the following work_: Memoirs of the Origin of the Incorporation of the +Trinity House of Deptford Strond. _It is not in the British Museum._ + +FOLK LORE.--_We propose next week to present our readers with a Christmas +Number, rich in_ Folk Lore, _and other kindred subjects_. + +_Many replies to Correspondents are unavoidably postponed._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. + +"NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price Three Guineas and a +Half.--Copies are being made up and may be had by order._ + + * * * * * + + +{608} + +In small 8vo. volumes, neatly bound, + +THE PARLOUR BOOKCASE. + +The Volumes now Ready are:-- + + Vol. 1. Sam Slick the Clockmaker. 5s. + 2. ---- the Attache. 5s. + 3. ---- Letter Bag of the Great Western. 2s. 6d. + 4. Captain Marryat's Monsieur Violet. 3s. 6d. + 5. ---- Olla Podrida. 3s. 6d. + 6. Mrs. Trollope's Domestic Manners of America. 3s. 6d. + 7. Paddiana; or, Irish Life. 3s. 6d. + 8. Salad for the Solitary. By an Epicure. 3s. 6d. + 9. Robert Chamber's History of Scotland. 3s. 6d. + 10. Smith's Traditions of the Streets of London. 3s. 6d. + 11. Maxwell's Wild Sports of the West. 3s. 6d. + 12. Col. Cunynghame's Service in China. 5s. + 13. Fairholt's Eccentric Characters. 2s. 6d. + 14. Maxwell's Czar, his Court and People. 3s. 6d. + 15. Memoirs of Theodore Hook. 5s. + 16. The Hon. Mrs. Norton's Undying One. 2s. 6d. + 17. Chalmeriana; or, Colloquies with Dr. Chalmers. By J. J. Gurney. + 2s. 6d. + 18. Brace's Home Life in Germany. 5s. + +To be followed by: + +A History of China.--Mrs. Sinnett's Byeways of History.--Beckford's Italy, +&c. + +RICHARD BENTLEY, New Burlington Street. + + * * * * * + + +BENTLEY'S RAILWAY LIBRARY. + +*** The Works in this Series are all copyright, and cannot be had in any +other collection. + +The new volume, published on the 15th inst., contains, THE TWO BROTHERS. + + Volumes already published: + Vol. 1. The Comic English Grammar. 1s. + 2. Notes on Noses. 1s. + 3. Morier's Adventures of Martin Toutrond. 1s. + 4. The Old Sailor's "Nights at Sea." 1s. + 5. Border Tales. By the Author of "Stories of Waterloo." 1s. + 6. Col. Cunynghame's Great Western Republic. 1s. + 7. Albert Smith's Comic Tales. 1s. + 8. Broad Grins from China. 1s. + 9. Albert Smith's Life at Home and Abroad. 1s. + 10. Sketches of English Character. By Mrs. Gore. 1s. + 11. Professor Creasy's Battle of Waterloo. 1s. + 12. Emille Carlen's Brilliant Marriage. 1s. + 13. Merrimee's Colomba. A Story of Corsica. Double vol. 1s. 6d. + 14. Merrimee's Massacre of St. Bartholomew. A Chronicle of Charles + IX. Double vol. 2s. + 15. John Drayton. the Liverpool Engineer. Double vol. 2s. + 16. Stella and Vanessa. A Romance of the Days of Swift. Double vol. + 2s. + 17. Ned Myers. By J. Fenimore Cooper. 1s. + +To be followed by + + Basil. By Wilkie Collins. + Stanley Thorn. By the Author of "Valentine Vox." + +RICHARD BENTLEY, New Burlington Street. + +And to be had of all Booksellers, and at all Railway Stations. + + * * * * * + + +In imperial quarto, beautifully printed in colours, price 21s. half-bound +morocco, + +ATLAS of CLASSICAL GEOGRAPHY. By A. KEITH JOHNSTON, F.R.S.E., &c., Author +of the "Physical Atlas," &c. With a complete Index of Places. by T. HARVEY, +M.A. + +WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, +Edinburgh and London. + +Of whom may be had, + +AN EDITION OF THE SAME WORK FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS, strongly half-bound in +octavo, price 12s. 6d. + + * * * * * + + +In super-royal 16mo., illustrated by "Phiz," price 3s. 6d. cloth; 4s. 6d. +coloured, gilt edges. + +A PEEP AT THE PIXIES; or, LEGENDS OF THE WEST. BY MRS. BRAY. Author of "The +Life of Stothard," "Trelawny," &c. + + "Mrs. Bray's knowledge of the locality, her affection for her subject, + her exquisite feeling for nature, and her real delight in fairy lore, + have given a freshness to the little volume we did not expect. The + notes at the end contain matter of interest for all who feel a desire + to know the origin of such tales and legends."--_Art Journal._ + +GRANT & GRIFFITH, Corner of St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, fcap. 8vo., price 5s. cloth, + +ANECDOTES of the HABITS and INSTINCTS of BIRDS, FISHES, and REPTILES. By +MRS. R. LEE, Author of "The African Wanderers," &c. Illustrations by +HARRISON WEIR. + +By the same Author, + +ANECDOTES of the HABITS and INSTINCT of ANIMALS. Illustrations by H. WEIR. +New Edition, 5s. cloth. + + "Amusing, instructive, and ably written."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "Mrs. Lee's authorities--to name only one, Professor Owen--are, for the + most part, first-rate."--_Athenaeum._ + +GRANT & GRIFFITH, Corner of St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL AND SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILTS are made in three Varieties,--the BORDERED +QUILT, the PLAIN QUILT, and the DUVET. The Bordered Quilt is in the usual +form of Bed Quilts, and is a most elegant and luxurious article. The Plain +Quilt is smaller, and is useful as an extra covering on the bed, or as a +wrapper in the carriage, or on the couch. The Duvet is a loose case filled +with Eider Down as in general use on the Continent. Lists of Prices and +Sizes sent free by Post, on application to + +HEAL & SON'S Bedding Factory, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., in +Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, may +now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board +of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen. + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s. + +NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS of NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the +"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + +Also, in 8vo.; pp. 720; Plates 24; price 21s., or coloured, 36s., + +A HISTORY of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing +Descriptions of every Species, British and foreign; the methods of +procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. BY +ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + + "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._" + +Also, price 8s. 6d., + +MICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Reflecting and Solar Microscopes; +Eye-Pieces; Micrometers, &c. + +Also, edited by the same, price 18s., + +ENGLISH PATENTS; being a Register of all those granted in the Arts, +Manufactures, Chemistry, &c., during the first forty-five years of this +century. + +WHITTAKER & Co., Ave Maria Lane. + + * * * * * + + +On 15th of December, price 2d.; stamped, 3d. + +THE BIBLIOGRAPHICAL MISCELLANY, NO. II., contains a reprint of the very +rare, and probably unique, Tract of SIR DUDLEY DIGGES on the NORTH-WEST +PASSAGE to India and China printed in 1611, and is appended to JOHN +PETHERAM'S CATALOGUE OF OLD AND NEW BOOKS (upwards of 1000 articles) FOR +DECEMBER, 1853. + +JOHN PETHERAM, 94. High Holborn. + + * * * * * + + +SALES BY AUCTION. + + This Evening, at 6.--Remainders of numerous magnificent Illustrated + Books.--By SOUTHGATE & BARRETT, at their Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, THIS + EVENING, December 15th, and following Evenings (Saturday and Sunday + excepted), at 6, + +ROBERTS'S HOLY LAND, EGYPT, NUBIA, &c.; Digby Wyatt's Industrial Arts of +the Nineteenth Century (of both of which the lithographic stones will be +destroyed during the progress of the sale); Digby Wyatt's Metal Work, and +its Artistic Design; Kirby Wyatt's Geometrical Mosaics of the Middle Ages; +Darrell's China, India, and the Cape, coloured and mounted; Nash's Mansions +of England in the Olden Time; Gruner's Specimens of Ornamental Art; Musee +Royal (picked proofs before the letters); Richardson's Studies from Old +English Mansions; and a great number of Books of Prints by eminent Artists +will be sold in this Sale. Catalogues (1s. each, returnable to Purchasers) +will be forwarded to gentlemen sending their Address. + + * * * * * + + + This Evening, at 6. First Class English Engravings.--By SOUTHGATE & + BARRETT, at their Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, THIS EVENING, Dec. 15, and + following Evenings, at 6, + +CHOICE ENGRAVINGS, including all the best Productions of Sir Edwin +Landseer, R.A.; comprising the Stag at Bay (both large and small), the +Cover Hack, the Drive, Three Sporting Dogs, Return from the Warren, the +Mothers, complete Sets of his Etchings, and others; Turner's Dover and +Hastings; Ansdell's Just Caught; the Halt, and the Combat; Webster's +Rubber; Etty's Judgment of Paris; Harvey's Bowlers, and First Reading of +the Bible in Old St. Paul's; Murillo's Holy Family; the Rainbow, by +Constable; Mated and Checkmated, the Duet, and other graceful Compositions +by Frank Stone; Going With and against the Stream, after Jenkins; and +numerous others. All in the finest possible states. + + * * * * * + + +{609} + +PRIVATELY PRINTED BOOKS, SOLD BY + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, + +36. SOHO SQUARE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + +These Works are printed in quarto, uniform with the Club-Books, and the +series is now completed. Their value chiefly consists in the rarity and +curiosity of the pieces selected, the notes being very few in number. The +impression of each work is most strictly limited. + + * * * * * + +I. + +MORTE ARTHURE: The Alliterative Romance of the Death of King Arthur; now +first printed, from a Manuscript in the Library of Lincoln Cathedral. +Seventy-five Copies printed. 5l. + + *** A very curious Romance, full of allusions interesting to the + Antiquary and Philologist. It contains nearly eight thousand lines. + +II. + +THE CASTLE OF LOVE: A Poem, by ROBERT GROSTESTE, Bishop of Lincoln; now +first printed from inedited MSS. of the Fourteenth Century. One Hundred +Copies printed. 15s. + + *** This is a religious poetical Romance, unknown to Warton. Its + poetical merits are beyond its age. + +III. + +CONTRIBUTIONS TO EARLY ENGLISH LITERATURE, derived chiefly from Rare Books +and Ancient Inedited Manuscripts from the Fifteenth to the Seventeenth +Century. Seventy-five Copies printed. + + *** Out of print separately, but included in the few remaining complete + sets. + +IV. + +A NEW BOKE ABOUT SHAKESPEARE AND STRATFORD-ON-AVON, illustrated with +numerous woodcuts and facsimiles of Shakespeare's Marriage Bond, and other +curious Articles. Seventy-five Copies printed. 1l. 1s. + +V. + +THE PALATINE ANTHOLOGY. An extensive Collection of Ancient Poems and +Ballads relating to Cheshire and Lancashire; to which is added THE PALATINE +GARLAND. One Hundred and Ten Copies printed. 2l. 2s. + +VI. + +THE LITERATURE OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES, illustrated by +Reprints of very Rare Tracts. Seventy-five Copies printed. 2l. 2s. + + CONTENTS:--Harry White his Humour, set forth by M. P.--Comedie of the + two Italian Gentlemen--Tailor's Travels from London to the Isle of + Wight, 1648--Wyll Bucke his Testament--The Booke of Merry Riddles, + 1629--Comedie of All for Money, 1578--Wine, Beere, Ale, and Tobacco, + 1630--Johnson's New Booke of New Conceites, 1630--Love's Garland, 1624. + +VII. + +THE YORKSHIRE ANTHOLOGY.--An Extensive Collection of Ballads and Poems, +respecting the County of Yorkshire. One Hundred and Ten Copies printed. 2l. +2s. + + *** This Work contains upwards of 400 pages, and includes a reprint of + the very curious Poem, called "Yorkshire Ale," 1697, as well as a great + variety of Old Yorkshire Ballads. + +VIII, IX. + +A DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS, printed in Two Volumes, +Quarto (Preface omitted), to range with Todd's "Johnson," with Margins +sufficient for Insertions. One Hundred and Twelve Copies printed in this +form. 2l. 2s. + +X. + +SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF SEVERAL THOUSAND BILLS, ACCOUNTS. AND +INVENTORIES, Illustrating the History of Prices between the Years 1650 and +1750, with Copious Extracts from Old Account-Books. Eighty Copies printed. +1l. 1s. + +XI. + +THE POETRY OF WITCHCRAFT, Illustrated by Copies of the Plays on the +Lancashire Witches, by Heywood and Shadwell, viz., the "Late Lancashire +Witches," and the "Lancashire Witches and Tegue O'Divelly, the Irish +Priest." Eighty Copies printed. 2l. 2s. + +XII. + +THE NORFOLK ANTHOLOGY, a Collection of Poems, Ballads, and Rare Tracts, +relating to the County of Norfolk. Eighty Copies printed. 2l. 2s. + +XIII. + +SOME ACCOUNT OF A COLLECTION OF ANTIQUITIES, COINS, MANUSCRIPTS, RARE +BOOKS, AND OTHER RELIQUES, Illustrative of the Life and Works of +Shakespeare. Illustrated with Woodcuts. Eighty Copies printed. 1l. 1s. + +XIV. + +SOME ACCOUNT OF THE MSS. PRESERVED IN THE PUBLIC LIBRARY, PLYMOUTH: a Play +attributed to Shirley, a Poem by N. BRETON, and other Miscellanies. Eighty +Copies printed. 2l. 2s. + + *** A Complete Set of the Fourteen Volumes, 21l. A reduction made in + favour of permanent libraries on application, it being obvious that the + works cannot thence return into the market to the detriment of original + subscribers. + + * * * * * + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London. + + * * * * * + + +{610} + +NEW EDITIONS, ETC. ISSUED BY + +H. WASHBOURNE & CO., + +25. IVY LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW. + + * * * * * + +PICTORIAL BOOK OF ANCIENT BALLAD POETRY OF GREAT BRITAIN, Historical, +Traditional, and Romantic, Chronologically arranged, with Introductory +Notices, Historical and Critical; together with a Selection of Modern +Imitations, and some Translations, revised and enlarged. 15s. 8vo., +Roxburghe Style, or 2 vols. cloth. + +MARTIN'S ILLUSTRATED MILTON'S PARADISE LOST. 24 large Engravings. Imperial +8vo. 1l. 11s. 6d. half-bound morocco; 2l. 2s. morocco, elegantly gilt. + +*** Another Edition, Large Paper, imp. 4to. ILLUSTRATED BY MARTIN'S LARGER +PLATES, good Impressions, half-bound russia elegant, 3l. 3s. (Only 100 +Copies printed.) + + "He is more original, more self-dependent, than Raffaele or Michael + Angelo; they perfected the style of others--of Massaccio and + Signorelli; Martin borrowed from none."--_Sir E. L. B. Lytton._ + + * * * * * + +Cheap, Compact, and Complete Editions, Octavo. + +SPENSER'S WORKS. Portrait, &c. 9s. + +SPECTATOR, with Portraits and Lives of the Authors. 9s. + +ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENTS, by FORSTER. 7s. + +PERCY'S RELIQUES of ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY. 3 vols. fcap. 8vo., with +Illuminated Titles, 15s. cloth; 18s. half-morocco; 1l. 11s. 6d. morocco +antique. + +Also, to match, + +ELLIS'S SPECIMENS OF EARLY POETS. 3 vols. + + "Washbourne's Editions of Percy and Ellis are tempting + books."--_Gentleman's Magazine._ + +MASSINGER'S WORKS, by GIFFORD. Portrait, &c. 9s. + +BOSWELL'S LIFE OF DR. JOHNSON, by MALONE. 6s. + +WALTON'S LIVES OF DONNE, WOTTON, HOOKER, HERBERT, &c. (MAJOR'S). 76 +Engravings, and Notes. Small 8vo., 9s. cloth; 14s. morocco, or calf +antique; also L. P. crown 8vo., cloth, 12s. + +An enlarged Edition, with 4,000 Plates, 2 vols. 21s. + +BOOK of FAMILY CRESTS, &c.; with upwards of 4,000 Engravings, illustrative +of the Crests of nearly every Family. + + "No wonder this book sells."--_Spectator._ + +The best recommendation as to its correctness (in the main) is, that it has +been used as a book of reference in the Heralds' College. + +BOOK OF MOTTOES, with Translations and Bearers' Names, cloth gilt, 3s. 6d. + +Fourteenth Edition, and 80th Year of its Publication, + +CLARK'S INTRODUCTION to HERALDRY. Upwards of 1,000 Plates, including the +Arms of numerous Families, small 8vo. 7s. 6d.; correctly coloured, 18s.; +or, 10s. 6d. on paper prepared for Learners. + + "I do not think I can offer better information than will be found in + Clark's Introduction to Heraldry."--_Basil Montagu._ + +Illustrated by 100 Portraits and Engravings on Copper and Wood. + +BUTLER'S HUDIBRAS, by DR. NASH, with some of Gray's Notes. 2 vols. crown +8vo., 18s. + +HERBERT'S POEMS AND COUNTRY PARSON, complete: 3s. 6d. cloth; 7s. morocco; +9s. antique morocco or calf. + + * * * * * + +*** Please to note WASHBOURNE'S Editions. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, Fourth and Cheaper Edition, in cloth and coloured, 5s. + +BIBLE MAPS; an Historical and Descriptive Atlas of Scripture Geography, +wherein the Ancient Authorities are verified, and corrected from the +Information of Modern Travellers up to the present Time. With Copious +Index. By WILLIAM HUGHES, F.R.G.S. + +London: J. W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors end Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series), consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses +of, and Extracts from, Curious Useful and Valuable Old Books. Vol. I. Pp. +436. Cloth, 10s. 6d. Part V., price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly, is now +ready. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square. + + * * * * * + + +Price 2s., or, Post Free, 2s. 6d. in Stamps. + +PANTOMIME BUDGETS: contains Notes and Queries on Things in General, and +Taxation in particular. + +CROSS & SON, 18. Holborn. + + * * * * * + + +CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.--EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY. + +AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets and +Portable Laboratories, 5s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s., +63s., and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6d. "Illustrated Descriptive +Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp. + + WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29_c._ Rotherfield Street, + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere. + + * * * * * + + +In 1 vol. 8vo., price 12s. 6d. cloth. + +MEMOIRS OF THE LIFE AND WRITINGS of JOHN PYE SMITH, D.D., LL.D., &c., late +Theological Tutor of the Old College, Homerton. By JOHN MEDWAY. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +In fcap. 8vo., price 6s. cloth. + +A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH of the REV. JOSEPH GILBERT. By HIS WIDOW. With +Recollections of the Discourses of his Closing Years, from Notes at the +Time. By One of his Sons. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +In fcap. 8vo., with Vignette, price 5s. cloth. + +SCENES in OTHER LANDS; with their Associations. By JOHN STOUGHTON. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +In fcap. 8vo., price 2s. 6d., sewed, a revised and Cheaper Edition of + +THE AGE AND CHRISTIANITY. By ROBERT VAUGHAN, D.D. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +In fcp. 8vo., price 5s. cloth. + +PRAYERS. Chiefly adapted for Times and Occasions of Personal Trial. By JOHN +SHEPPARD. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +Second Edition, in fcap. 8vo., price 4s. cloth. + +THE REUNION and RECOGNITION of CHRISTIANS in the LIFE to COME. The Right +Love of Creatures and of the Creator. Christian Conversation. In Three +Essays. By JOHN SHEPPARD. + +London: JACKSON & WALFORD, 18. St. Paul's Churchyard. + + * * * * * + + +In square crown 8vo., price 21s.; or, 36s. bound in morocco. + +GOLDSMITH'S POETICAL WORKS. Edited by BOLTON CORNEY. With Engravings on +Wood, from Designs by Members of the Etching Club. + + "Apart from the grace and beauty of the illustrations, it is by far the + most correct and careful of the existing editions."--_Forster's Life of + Goldsmith._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +Price One Guinea, in massive carved covers; or 30s. bound, + +MIRACLES OF OUR LORD, illuminated in the Missal Style. By HENRY NOEL +HUMPHREYS. + +By the same Illuminator, + + PARABLES OF OUR LORD. + MAXIMS AND PRECEPTS OF THE SAVIOUR. + BOOK OF RUTH. + RECORD OF THE BLACK PRINCE. + SENTIMENTS AND SIMILES OF SHAKSPEARE. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +{611} + +Solicitors' & General Life Assurance Society, + +52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + +Subscribed Capital, _ONE MILLION_. + +THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES: + +The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION. + +Exemption of the Assured from all Liability. + +Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives. + +Participating and Non-Participating Premiums. + +In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided +amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum +assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option. + +No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on +Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account. + +POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud. + +At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of +nearly Two Per Cent. per annum on the _amount assured_, or at the rate of +from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_. + +POLICIES share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid. + +Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856. + +The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be effected by +applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of +the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be +obtained. + + CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. + G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age L s. d. | Age L s. d. + 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 + 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 + 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic +Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally +acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal +scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no +preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect +pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where +a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in +separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to +any Climate. Full instructions for use. + +CAUTION.--Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD +W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony. + +CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. Beware of +purchasing spurious and worthless imitations of this valuable detergent. +The Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label +bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL +MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of +all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1_s_., 2_s_., and 3s. 6d. each, +through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & +CO., 95. Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents. + + * * * * * + + +POLICY HOLDERS in other COMPANIES, and intending Assurers generally, are +invited to examine the Rates, Principles, and Progress of the SCOTTISH +PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only Society in which the Advantages of Mutual +Assurance can be secured by moderate Premiums. Established 1837. Number of +Policies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and a Half Millions. + +Full Reports and every Information had (Free) on Application. + +*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp Duty; and attention is invited to +the circumstance that Premiums payable for Life Assurance are now allowed +as a Deduction from Income in the Returns for Income Tax. + + GEORGE GRANT, Resident Sec. + London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY. + +A COMPLETE SET OF APPARATUS for 4l. 4s., containing an Expanding Camera, +with warranted Double Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a Portable Stand, +Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and Baths, complete. + +PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achromatic combination, from 1l. 12s. 6d. + +LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Adjustment, from 25s. + +A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting Art, 1s., by post free. 1s. 6d. + +French Polished MAHOGANY STEREOSCOPES, from 10s. 6d. A large assortment of +STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same in Daguerreotype, Calotype, or Albumen, +at equally low prices. + +ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES. + +Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE, with all the latest improvement +and apparatus, complete from 3l. 15s., at + +C. BAKER'S. Optical and Mathematical Instrument Warehouse, 244. High +Holborn (opposite Day & Martin's). + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most +celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of +the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A +Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra +Copies for 10s. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits.--The Trade supplied. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + +THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per +Post, 1s. 2d. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--Every Description of SPECTACLES and EYE-GLASSES for the +Assistance of Vision, adapted by means of Smee's Optometer: that being the +only correct method of determining the exact focus of the Lenses required, +and of preventing injury to the sight by the use of improper Glasses. + +BLAND & LONG. Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.--Containing Colours, Pencils, &c., with +printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price 5s. + +MILLER'S, Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56. Long Acre, London; and at her +Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico. + + * * * * * + + +{612} + +BOOKS SUITABLE FOR CHRISTMAS PRESENTS, + +PUBLISHED BY + +MR. JOHN HENRY PARKER, + +OXFORD; and 377. STRAND LONDON. + + * * * * * + +THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER. With Fifty Illustrations, from Designs by +Ancient and Modern Artists. Selected by the REV. H. J. ROSE and REV. J. W. +BURGON. In One handsome Volume, 8vo. The Prayer-Book is printed in very +large type, with Rubrics in Red. Elegantly bound in antique calf, with +vermillion edges, 2l. 5s. + +DAILY CHURCH SERVICES. In One Portable Volume, containing the Prayers and +Lessons for Daily Use: or, the Course of Scripture Readings for the Year, +authorised by the Church. Also, a Table of the Proper Lessons for Sundays +and Holydays, with References to the Pages. Price 10s. 6d., bound; 16s. in +Hayday's morocco. + + This volume will be found equally useful to those who read the Church + Service at home, as for those who use it at church, as the lessons and + services for every day are distinctly marked, forming a very suitable + book for a present. It is also kept by any respectable bookseller in a + variety of elegant bindings. + +OF THE IMITATION OF CHRIST. Four Books. By THOMAS a KEMPIS. A New Edition, +revised, handsomely printed in fcap. 8vo., with Vignettes and red florinted +borders taken from the ancient MSS. Cloth, 5s. Also in antique calf +binding, vermillion edges, 10s. 6d. + +THE CALENDAR OF THE ANGLICAN CHURCH ILLUSTRATED. With brief Accounts of the +Saints who have Churches dedicated in their Names, or whose Images are most +frequently met with in England; the Early Christian and Mediaeval Symbols; +and an Index of Emblems. With numerous Woodcuts. Fcap. 8vo., 10s. 6d.; or +bound in antique calf, 16s. + +A HISTORY of the CHURCH OF ENGLAND, to the REVOLUTION of 1688. By the late +REV. J. B. S. CARWITHEN, B.D. A new Edition, edited by the REV. W. R. +BROWELL, M.A., 2 vols. small 8vo., 12s. + +THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. By JOHN BUNYAN. A New Edition, adapted by the REV. +J. M. NEALE, M.A., for the Use of Children of the Church of England. Fcap. +8vo., handsomely bound in gilt cloth, with Woodcuts, 3s. 6d. + +TRACTS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. First Series. Four Vols., cloth, 18s. + +TRACTS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. Second Series. Four Vols., cloth, 15s. + +SERMONS FOR THE CHRISTIAN SEASONS. A Series of Plain Sermons for Sunday +Reading. Four Vols., fcap. 8vo., 16s. + +A PLAIN COMMENTARY on the GOSPEL of ST. MATTHEW. with numerous +Illustrations. Fcap. 8vo., 6s. 6d. + +WILSON'S SACRA PRIVATA. From the original MSS. Second Edition. Fcap. 8vo., +antique cloth, red edges, 6_s_; antique calf, red edges, 12s. + +THE PSALTER AND THE GOSPEL. The Life, Suffering, and Triumph of our Blessed +Lord, revealed in the Book of Psalms. Fcap. 8vo., uniform with the Plain +Commentary on the Four Holy Gospels. 2s. + + A selection of the most striking of the parallel passages contained in + the Psalter and the Gospel. + +SCOTLAND and the SCOTTISH CHURCH. By the REV. HENRY CASWALL, M.A., Vicar of +Figheldean, Wilts; Author of "America and the American Church," &c. &c., +and a Proctor in Convocation for the Diocese of Salisbury. Fcap. 8vo., 5s. + +A SHORT EXPLANATION of the NICENE CREED, for the Use of Persons beginning +the Study of Theology. By A. P. FORBES, D.C.L., Bishop of Brechin. Fcap. +8vo., cloth 6s. + +TEN SERMONS IN ILLUSTRATION OF THE CREED. By the REV. W. G. TUPPER, Warden +of the House of Charity, Soho; and late Scholar of Trinity College, Oxford. +Fcap. 8vo., cloth, 4s. + + "In his 'Sermons on the Creed,' Mr. Tupper has condensed, with much + painstaking, and an evident sense of deep responsibility, the dogmatic + teaching of the Church."--_Christian Remembrancer._ + +A NEW EDITION of DAILY STEPS TOWARDS HEAVEN. A Small Pocket Volume, +containing a few Practical Thoughts on the Gospel History: with Texts for +every Day in the Year, commencing with Advent. Fifth Edition. In roan +binding, gilt edges, 2s. 6d. + +DESCRIPTIONS OF CANAAN; being an Account of the Mountains, Rivers, and +Towns of the Holy Land. By the REV. C. P. WILBRAHAM. Fcap. 8vo., with Map, +cloth, 1s. + +*** This Manual is particularly adapted to the use of Parochial Schools. + + * * * * * + +TALES AND STORIES FOR CHRISTMAS. + +OLD CHRISTMAS. A Tale. 16mo. 6d. + +THE SINGERS OF THE SANCTUARY, and the MISSIONARY; Two Tales. By the Author +of "Angels Work." 16mo. 2s. 6d. + +ANGELS' WORK; or, the Choristers of St. Mark's. Second Edition. 2s. + +ANN ASH; or, the History of a Foundling. A Narrative founded on Fact. By +the Author of "Charlie Burton," "The Broken Arm," &c. 18mo. 2s. + +KENNETH; or, the Rear Guard of the Grand Army. By the Author of "Scenes and +Characters," "Kings of England," "Heir of Redclyffe" &c. Second Edition. +Fcap. 8vo. 5s. + +SPECULATION A Tale. By the REV. W. E. HEYGATE. Fcap. 8vo. 5s. + +PASTOR OF WELBOURNE AND HIS FLOCK. 18mo. 2s. + +LITTLE MARY. Third Edition. 18mo. 1s. + +HENRY VERNON; or, the Little Anglo-Indian. A New Edition. 18mo. 1s. + +ADA'S THOUGHTS; or, the Poetry of Youth. Fcap. 8vo., cloth, gilt edges, 2s. +6d. (Just Ready.) + + * * * * * + +SMALL BOOKS FOR PRESENTS. + +THE PRACTICAL CHRISTIAN'S LIBRARY: a Series of Cheap Publications for +General Circulation. + + s. d. + Learn to Die (Sutton) 1 0 + Private Devotions (Spinckes) 1 6 + The Imitation of Christ (a Kempis) 1 0 + Manual of Prayer for the Young (Ken) 0 6 + The Golden Grove (Taylor) 0 9 + Life of Ambrose Bonwicke 1 0 + Life of Bishop Bull (Nelson) 1 6 + Companion to the Prayer Book 1 0 + Selections from Hooker (Keble) 1 6 + Practical Christian (Sherlock). Part I. + 2s. Part II. 2s.; 1 vol. 4 0 + Learn to Live (Sutton) 2 0 + Doctrine of the English Church (Heylin) 0 8 + Holy Living (Bp. Taylor) 1 6 + Holy Dying (Bp. 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Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5 New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and Published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, December +17, 1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +page 591, "the Greek of the Septuagint, or of the New Testament": 'not of +the New Testament' in original, corrected by errata in Issue 217. + +ibid., "it is usual to read this with an accent on the penultima": +'antepenultima' in original, corrected by errata in Issue 217. + +page 594, "Richard, son of the writer of the said letter" : 'son of' +inserted by errata in Issue 218. + +ibid., "he (the Father) thus commences" : '(the Father)' inserted by errata +in Issue 218. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 216, +December 17, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC. 17, 1853 *** + +***** This file should be named 30595.txt or 30595.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/5/9/30595/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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