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committer: Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> 2025-10-14 19:53:06 -0700
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
+  <title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Bird Book, by Chester A. Reed</title>
+
+
+<style type="text/css">
+<!--
+
+body		{text-align: center}
+.content	 {width: 800px; margin: auto; text-align: left;}
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+p 		{text-align: justify}
+blockquote 	{text-align: justify}
+
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+		 float: right; margin-left: 10px; border-left: thin dashed;
+		 width: 25%; text-indent: 0px; font-style: italic; text-align: left}
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+  float: right;
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+  text-align: center;
+  text-indent: 0;
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+
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+  float: left;
+  width: 200px;
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+  text-align: center;
+  text-indent: 0;
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+
+span.pagenum 	{font-size: 8pt; left: 91%; right: 1%; position: absolute}
+span.linenum 	{font-size: 8pt; right: 91%; left: 1%; position: absolute}
+
+
+
+
+-->
+</style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<div>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30000 ***</div>
+
+<div class="content">
+
+<br><br>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+<p>Page <a name="Page_1" id="Page_1"></a> 1</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/003.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+<p>Page <a name="Page_2" id="Page_2"></a> 2</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/004.png"><br>
+Male.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Female.<br>
+Young.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>Page <a name="Page_3" id="Page_3"></a> 3</p>
+
+<h1>THE BIRD BOOK</h1>
+
+<h3>ILLUSTRATING IN NATURAL COLORS<br>
+MORE THAN SEVEN HUNDRED<br>
+NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS;<br>
+ALSO SEVERAL HUNDRED<br>
+PHOTOGRAPHS OF THEIR<br>
+NESTS AND EGGS</h3>
+
+<h5>BY</h5>
+
+<h3>CHESTER A. REED, B. S.</h3>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/005.png"></p>
+<br><br><br><br>
+
+<p class="mid"><span class="sc">Garden City</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="sc">New York</span><br>
+
+DOUBLEDAY, PAGE &amp; COMPANY<br>
+
+1915</p>
+
+<p>Page <a name="Page_4" id="Page_4"></a> 4</p>
+
+<div class="sml">
+<p class="mid"><i>Copyright, 1914, by</i><br>
+
+CHARLES K. REED</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><i>All rights reserved, including that of<br>
+translation into foreign languages,<br>
+including the Scandinavian.</i></p>
+</div>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Page <a name="Page_5" id="Page_5"></a> 5</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/007.png"><br>
+BARN OWL.</p>
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Page <a name="Page_6" id="Page_6"></a> 6</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/008.png"><br>
+TOPOGRAPHY OF A BIRD.</p>
+
+
+<p>Page <a name="Page_7" id="Page_7"></a> 7</p>
+
+<h3>TABLE OF CONTENTS</h3>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<pre>
+Diving Birds. Order I. Pygopodes                              <a href="#Page_10">10</a>
+  Grebes. Family Colymbid&aelig;                                    <a href="#Page_11">11</a>
+  Loons. Family Gaviid&aelig;                                       <a href="#Page_17">17</a>
+  Auks, Murres and Puffins. Family Alcid&aelig;                     <a href="#Page_21">21</a>
+
+Long-winged Swimmers. Order II. Longipennes                   <a href="#Page_35">35</a>
+  Skuas and J&aelig;gers. Family Stercorarid&aelig;                       <a href="#Page_35">35</a>
+  Gulls and Terns. Family Larid&aelig;                              <a href="#Page_38">38</a>
+  Skimmers. Family Rynchopid&aelig;                                 <a href="#Page_58">58</a>
+
+Tube-nosed Swimmers. Order III. Tubinares                     <a href="#Page_59">59</a>
+  Albatrosses. Family Diomedeid&aelig;                              <a href="#Page_59">59</a>
+  Fulmars, Shearwaters and Petrels. Family Procellariid&aelig;      <a href="#Page_61">61</a>
+
+Totipalmate Swimmers. Order IV. Steganopodes                  <a href="#Page_72">72</a>
+  Tropic Birds. Family Ph&aelig;thontid&aelig;                            <a href="#Page_72">72</a>
+  Gannets. Family Sulid&aelig;                                      <a href="#Page_74">74</a>
+  Darters. Family Anhingid&aelig;                                   <a href="#Page_77">77</a>
+  Cormorants. Family Phalacrocoracid&aelig;                         <a href="#Page_78">78</a>
+  Pelicans. Family Pelecanid&aelig;                                 <a href="#Page_83">83</a>
+  Man-o'-War Birds. Family Fregatid&aelig;                          <a href="#Page_86">86</a>
+
+Lamellirostral Swimmers. Order V. Anseres                     <a href="#Page_87">87</a>
+Lamellirostral Grallatores. Order VI. Odontogloss&aelig;           <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+  Flamingoes. Family Ph&oelig;nicopterid&aelig;                          <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+
+Herons, Storks, Ibises, etc. Order VII. Herodiones           <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+  Spoonbills. Family Plataleid&aelig;                              <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+  Ibises. Family Ibidid&aelig;                                     <a href="#Page_117">117</a>
+  Storks and Wood Ibises. Family Ciconiid&aelig;                   <a href="#Page_118">118</a>
+  Herons, Bitterns, etc. Family Ardeid&aelig;                      <a href="#Page_119">119</a>
+
+Cranes, Rails, etc. Order VIII. Paludicol&aelig;                   <a href="#Page_127">127</a>
+  Cranes.  Family Gruid&aelig;                                     <a href="#Page_127">127</a>
+  Courlans.  Family Aramid&aelig;                                  <a href="#Page_129">129</a>
+  Rails, Gallinules and Coots. Family Rallid&aelig;                <a href="#Page_131">131</a>
+
+Shore Birds. Order IX. Limicol&aelig;                              <a href="#Page_137">137</a>
+  Phalaropes.  Family Phalaropodid&aelig;                          <a href="#Page_137">137</a>
+  Avocets and Stilts. Family Recurvirostrid&aelig;                 <a href="#Page_139">139</a>
+  Snipes, Sandpipers, etc. Family Scolopacid&aelig;                <a href="#Page_148">140</a>
+  Plovers. Family Charadriid&aelig;                                <a href="#Page_161">161</a>
+  Surf Birds and Turnstones. Family Aphrizid&aelig;                <a href="#Page_169">169</a>
+  Oyster-catchers.  Family H&aelig;matopodid&aelig;                      <a href="#Page_170">170</a>
+  Jacanas. Family Jacanid&aelig;                                   <a href="#Page_172">172</a>
+
+Gallinaceous Birds. Order X. Gallin&aelig;                         <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+  Grouse, Partridges, etc. Family Odontophorid&aelig;              <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+  Turkeys. Family Meleagrid&aelig;                                 <a href="#Page_178">178</a>
+  Curassows and Guans. Family Cracid&aelig;                        <a href="#Page_191">191</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+   <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_8" id="Page_8"></a> 8
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<pre>
+Pigeons. Order XI. Columb&aelig;                                   <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+  Pigeons. Family Columbid&aelig;                                  <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+
+Birds of Prey. Order XII. Raptores                           <a href="#Page_198">198</a>
+  American Vultures. Family Cathartid&aelig;                       <a href="#Page_198">198</a>
+  Hawks, Eagles, etc. Family Buteonid&aelig;                       <a href="#Page_201">201</a>
+  Falcons, etc. Family Falconid&aelig;                             <a href="#Page_218">218</a>
+  Osprey. Family Pandionid&aelig;                                  <a href="#Page_225">225</a>
+  Barn Owls. Family Aluconid&aelig;                                <a href="#Page_227">227</a>
+  Owls. Family Strigid&aelig;                                      <a href="#Page_227">227</a>
+
+Parrots, Paroquets. Order XIII. Psittaci                     <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+  Parrots and Paroquets. Psittacid&aelig;                          <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+
+Cuckoos, etc. Order XIV. Coccyges                            <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+  Cuckoos, Anis, etc. Family Cuculid&aelig;                        <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+  Trogons. Family Trogonid&aelig;                                  <a href="#Page_246">246</a>
+  Kingfishers. Family Alcedinid&aelig;                             <a href="#Page_247">247</a>
+
+Woodpeckers, Wrynecks, etc. Order XV. Pici                   <a href="#Page_249">249</a>
+  Woodpeckers. Family Picid&aelig;                                 <a href="#Page_249">249</a>
+
+Goatsuckers, Swifts, etc. Order XVI. Macrochires             <a href="#Page_262">262</a>
+  Goatsuckers, etc. Family Caprimulgid&aelig;                      <a href="#Page_263">263</a>
+  Swifts. Family Micropodid&aelig;                                 <a href="#Page_268">268</a>
+  Hummingbirds. Family Trochilid&aelig;                            <a href="#Page_271">271</a>
+
+Perching Birds. Order XVII. Passeres                         <a href="#Page_280">280</a>
+  Cotingas. Family Cotingid&aelig;                                 <a href="#Page_280">280</a>
+  Tyrant Flycatchers. Family Tyrannid&aelig;                       <a href="#Page_280">280</a>
+  Larks. Family Alaudid&aelig;                                     <a href="#Page_297">297</a>
+  Crows, Jays, Magpies, etc. Family Corvid&aelig;                  <a href="#Page_300">300</a>
+  Starlings. Family Sturnid&aelig;                                 <a href="#Page_314">314</a>
+  Blackbirds, Orioles, etc. Family Icterid&aelig;                  <a href="#Page_314">314</a>
+  Finches, Sparrows, etc. Family Fringillid&aelig;                 <a href="#Page_324">324</a>
+  Tanagers. Family Tangarid&aelig;                                 <a href="#Page_369">369</a>
+  Swallows. Family Hirundinid&aelig;                               <a href="#Page_372">372</a>
+  Waxwings. Family Bombycillid&aelig;                              <a href="#Page_375">375</a>
+  Shrikes. Family Laniid&aelig;                                    <a href="#Page_376">376</a>
+  Vireos. Family Vireonid&aelig;                                   <a href="#Page_378">378</a>
+  Honey Creepers. Family C&oelig;rebid&aelig;                            <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+  Warblers. Family Mniotiltid&aelig;                               <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+  Wagtails. Family Motacillid&aelig;                               <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+  Dippers. Family Cinclid&aelig;                                   <a href="#Page_419">419</a>
+  Wrens. Family Troglodytid&aelig;                                 <a href="#Page_423">423</a>
+  Thrashers, etc. Family Mimid&aelig;                              <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+  Creepers. Family Certhiid&aelig;                                 <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+  Nuthatches. Family Sittid&aelig;                                 <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+  Titmice. Family Parid&aelig;                                     <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+  Warblers, Kinglets, Gnatcatchers. Family Sylviid&aelig;          <a href="#Page_433">433</a>
+  Thrushes, Solitaires, Bluebirds, etc. Family Turdid&aelig;       <a href="#Page_442">442</a>
+Index                                                        <a href="#Page_451">451</a>
+</pre>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<p>Page <a name="Page_9" id="Page_9"></a> 9</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/011.png"><br>
+BALTIMORE ORIOLE.</p>
+<br><br>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_10" id="Page_10"></a> 10
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>THE BIRD BOOK</h2>
+
+<hr class="short">
+
+<h3>DIVING BIRDS. Order I. PYGOPODES</h3>
+
+<h3>GREBES. Family COLYMBID&AElig;</h3>
+
+<p>Grebes are birds having a ducklike body, but with pointed bills. Their
+feet, too, are unlike those of the Ducks, each toe having its separate web, and
+having a broad flat nail. Their wings are very small for the size of the body,
+making it impossible for them to rise in flight from the land. They rise from
+the water by running a few yards along the surface until they have secured
+sufficient headway to allow them to launch themselves into the air. After
+having risen from the water their flight is very swift and strong. On land they
+are very awkward and can only progress by a series of awkward hops; they
+generally lie flat on their breasts, but occasionally stand up, supporting themselves
+upon their whole tarsus. Grebes, together with the Loons, are the most
+expert aquatic birds that we have, diving like a flash and swimming for an incredible
+distance under water.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_11" id="Page_11"></a> 11
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 225px"><img alt="" src="images/013a.png">
+<p>Western Grebe.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Holboell's Grebe.</p>
+</div>
+<p>1. <span class="sc">Western Grebe.</span> <i>Aechmophorus occidentalis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western parts of North America, from
+southern Alaska southward; east to Minnesota
+and south in winter to the southern parts of the
+United States and Mexico. Breeds from the Dakotas
+and northern California northward. These
+are the largest of the American Grebes; owing to
+their unusually long necks, they are frequently
+called "Swan Grebes." They are very timid
+birds and conceal themselves in the rushes on
+the least suspicion of danger.</p><div class="figleft" style="width: 410px"><img alt="" src="images/013b.png">
+<p>Chalky bluish white, stained buff.</p>
+</div><p>At times, to escape
+observation, they will entirely submerge their
+body, leaving only their head and part of the
+long neck visible above the water. This Grebe
+cannot be mistaken for any other because of the
+long slender neck and the long pointed bill,
+which has a slight upward turn. They nest abundantly
+in the marshes of North Dakota and central
+Canada. Their nests are made of decayed rushes,
+and are built over the water, being fastened to
+the rushes so that the bottom of the nest rests in
+the water. The nesting season is at its height
+during the latter part of May. They lay from
+three to five eggs, the ground color of which is a
+pale blue; this color is, however, always concealed by a thin chalky deposit,
+and this latter is frequently stained to a dirty white. Size 2.40 &times; 1.55.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 320px"><img alt="" src="images/013c.png">
+<p>White, stained buff.</p>
+</div>
+<p>2. <span class="sc">Holboell's Grebe</span>. <i>Colymbus holboellii.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Throughout North America,
+breeding from northern United
+States northward and wintering
+from the middle to the southern
+portions of the United States.
+In regard to size this Grebe comes
+next to the Western, being 19 in.
+in length. This bird can be distinguished
+by the white cheeks and
+throat and the reddish brown foreneck.
+They breed abundantly in
+the far north placing their floating
+islands of decayed vegetation in
+the water in the midst of the
+marsh grass. They lay from three
+to six eggs of a dingy white color
+which have the stained surface common to Grebes eggs. Size 2.35 &times; 1.25.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<img alt="" src="images/013mr.png">
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_12" id="Page_12"></a> 12
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/014.png"></p>
+<p class="mid">NEST AND EGGS OF HOLBOELL'S GREBE<br>
+Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_13" id="Page_13"></a> 13
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 210px"><img alt=""
+src="images/015a.png">
+<p>Horned Grebe. <br>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Eared Grebe.</p></div>
+<p>3. <span class="sc">Horned Grebe</span>. Colymbus auritus.</p>
+<p>Range.--The whole of North America, breeding
+in the interior from North Dakota northwest;
+winters along the Gulf Coast. This species is
+one of the most beautiful of the Grebes, having
+in the breeding season buffy ear tufts, black
+cheeks and throat, and chestnut neck, breast and
+sides. They breed abundantly in the marshy flats
+of North Dakota and the interior of Canada.</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 390px"><img alt=""
+src="images/015b.png">
+<p>Buffy white, nest stained.</p></div>
+<p>They build a typical Grebe's nest, a floating mass
+of decayed matter which stains the naturally
+white eggs to a dirty brown. The number of
+eggs varies from three to seven. Size 1.70 &times; 1.15.
+Data.--Devils Lake, N. Dakota, June 20, 1900.
+6 eggs much stained. Nest floating in 4 ft. of
+water, a large mass of rotten rushes and weeds.
+Collector. James Smalley.</p>
+
+<p>4. <span class="sc">Eared Grebe</span>. <i>Colymbus nigricollis
+californicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America west of the Mississippi,
+breeding from Texas to Manitoba and wintering
+along the Pacific Coast of the United States
+and from Texas southward.</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt=""
+src="images/015c.png">
+<p>Bluish white, stained.</p></div>
+<p>Eared Grebes differ from the preceding in having
+the entire neck blackish. They nest very
+abundantly throughout the west, in favorable localities,
+from Texas to Minnesota and Dakota.
+Their nests are constructed in the same manner
+as the preceding varieties and are located in similar localities.
+As do all
+the Grebes when leaving the nest, they cover the eggs with the damp rushes from
+around the base of the nest. This is probably
+for the purpose of assisting incubation
+during their absence, by the action of
+the sun's rays on the wet mass. As they
+are nearly always thus covered upon the
+approach of anyone, this may be done also
+as a protection from discovery. They lay
+from three to eight bluish white eggs with
+the usual chalky and discolored appearance.
+The breeding season is at its height
+early in June, or earlier, in the southern
+portion of its range. Size 1.75 &times; 1.20. Data.--Artesian,
+S. Dakota, June 21, 1899. Nest
+of rushes, floating in three feet of water.
+Large colony in a small lake. Collector, F. A. Patton.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/015mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_14" id="Page_14"></a> 14
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/016ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/016.png"></p>
+<p class="mid">NEST AND EGGS OF HORNED GREBE<br>
+Saltcoats Marshes, Assiniboia, June 6, 1901.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_15" id="Page_15"></a> 15
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/017a.png">
+<p>Mexican Grebe.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pied-billed Grebe..</p></div>
+<p>5. <span class="sc">Mexican Grebe.</span> <i>Colymbus
+dominicus brachypterus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Texas and Lower California
+southward to South America, breeding
+throughout its range.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 380px"><img alt=""
+src="images/017b.png">
+<p>Deep buff or rich brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Least Grebe is by far the smallest of
+the Grebes in this country, being but 10 in.
+in length; it can not be mistaken for any
+other, the Eared Grebe being the only species
+of this family found in the same localities
+during the summer. These little Grebes
+nest very abundantly along the Rio Grande
+Valley in Texas, the nesting season lasting
+from the latter part of May until well into
+December.</p>
+
+<p>Their nests are floating piles of grass and
+weeds upon which they lay from three to
+five chalky white eggs, which are always
+discolored, sometimes to a deep chocolate
+hue. These eggs average a great deal darker
+in color than do any of the other Grebes.
+In a series of fifty sets fully half were a
+rich brown tint. Size 1.40 &times; .95.</p>
+
+<p>6. <span class="sc">Pied-billed Grebe.</span> <i>Podilymbus
+podiceps.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--From the British provinces
+southward to Argentine Republic, breeding
+locally throughout the northern portions of
+its range.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt=""
+src="images/017c.png">
+<p>Deep buff.</p></div>
+<p>The Dabchick, as this bird is called, is the most evenly distributed bird
+of this family. It is nowhere especially abundant, nor is it, except in a very
+few localities, regarded as rare. Consequently it is the best known bird of
+the species. They do not congregate in such large numbers as the other
+Grebes during the nesting season, but one
+or more pairs may be found in almost any
+favorable locality. These birds render their
+floating nest a little more substantial than
+those of the preceding varieties by the addition
+of mud which they bring up from the
+bottom of the pond; this addition also tends
+to soil the eggs more, consequently the
+eggs of this bird are, as a general rule,
+browner than the other Grebes with the exception
+of the Least. The bird may always
+be known by the shape of its bill which is
+higher than it is broad, and in the summer
+is white with a black band across the middle. The throat is also black at
+this season. They lay from five to nine eggs commencing about the middle
+of May. Size 1.70 &times; 1.18.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/017mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>Page <a name="Page_16" id="Page_16"></a> 16</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/018.png"><br>
+PIED-BILLED GREBE.</p>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_17" id="Page_17"></a> 17
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h3>LOONS. Family GAVIIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>Loons may be likened to gigantic Grebes from which they differ externally,
+chiefly in the full webbed foot instead of the individually webbed toes of
+the Grebe, and in the sharper, more pointed and spear-like bill. These birds
+are similar in their habits to the Grebes, except that their homes are generally
+more substantially built and are placed upon a solid foundation, generally
+upon an island in some inland lake.</p>
+
+<p>Both Loons and Grebes are literally "Water witches," being practically,
+and in the case of Grebes, actually, born in the water and living in it ever
+afterwards. Loons are strong fliers, but like the Grebes, because of their
+small wings they must get their first impetus from the water in order to
+rise; in case there is any wind blowing they also make use of this by starting
+their flight against it. They are very peculiar birds and the expression
+"crazy as a loon" is not a fanciful one, being formed from their early morning
+and evening antics when two or more of them will race over the top of the
+water, up and down the lake, all the while uttering their demoniacal laughter.
+They vie with the Grebes in diving and disappear at the flash of a gun.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/019.png"><br>EGG OF LOON.<br>
+Dark greenish brown.<br>
+</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/019mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_18" id="Page_18"></a> 18
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/020ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt=""
+src="images/020.png">
+<p>Loon.<br>Black-throated Loon.</p></div>
+
+<p>7. <span class="sc">Loon.</span> <i>Gavia immer.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America north of the Mexican
+boundary, breeding from the northern
+parts of the United States northward.</p>
+
+<p>Unlike the Grebes, Loons do not build in
+colonies, generally not more than one, or
+at the most two pairs nesting on the same
+lake or pond; neither do they seek the
+marshy sloughs in which Grebes dwell, preferring
+the more open, clear bodies of
+water. The common Loon may be known
+in summer by the entirely black head and
+neck with the complete ribbon of black and
+white stripes encircling the lower neck and
+the narrower one which crosses the throat.
+The back is spotted with white. In some
+sections Loons build no nest, simply scooping
+a hollow out in the sand, while in other
+places they construct quite a large nest of
+sticks, moss and grasses. It is usually placed
+but a few feet from the waters edge, so
+that at the least suspicion the bird can slide
+off its eggs into the water, where it can cope
+with any enemy. The nests are nearly always
+concealed under the overhanging
+bushes that line the shore; the one shown
+in the full page illustration, however, was
+located upon the top of an old muskrat
+house. The two eggs which they lay are a
+very dark greenish brown in color, with
+black spots. Size 3.50 &times; 2.25. Data.--Lake
+Sunapee, N. H., June 28, 1895. Nest placed
+under the bushes at the waters edge. Made
+of rushes, weeds and grasses; a large structure
+nearly three feet in diameter. Collector,
+H. A. Collins.</p>
+
+<p>8. <span class="sc">Yellow-billed Loon.</span> <i>Gavia adamsi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern North America, along the Arctic and northern Alaskan
+coasts.</p>
+
+<p>The Yellow-billed Loon with the exception of its whitish or yellowish bill
+in place of the black, is practically otherwise indistinguishable from the
+common Loon. It averages somewhat larger in size. This is one of the most
+northerly breeding birds and it is only within a very few years that anything
+has been learned about the breeding habits. Their nesting habits and eggs
+are precisely like the preceding except that the latter average a little larger.
+Size 3.60 &times; 2.25.</p>
+
+<p>9. <span class="sc">Black-throated Loon.</span> <i>Gavia arctica.</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--From northern United States northward, breeding along the Arctic
+Coast.</p>
+
+<p>This species can be easily separated from the Loon by the gray crown and
+white streaks down the back of the neck. Its size, too, is about five inches
+shorter. The nesting habits are the same as the Loons and the eggs have
+rather more of an olive tint besides having the majority of spots at the
+larger end. Size 3.10 &times; 2.00.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_19" id="Page_19"></a> 19
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+      <div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt=""
+src="images/021a.png">
+<p>Pacific Loon.<br>
+Red-throated Loon.</p></div>
+<p>10. <span class="sc">Pacific Loon.</span> <i>Gavia pacifica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America along the
+coast chiefly, breeding from Alaska south to
+British Columbia. In winter, south along the
+coast to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This species differs from the Black-throated
+only in the tint of the head reflections. The
+habits are the same as those of the other members
+of the family. They lay two eggs of a greenish
+brown or greenish gray hue with black spots.
+Size 3.10 &times; 1.90. Data.--Yukon River, Alaska,
+June 28, 1902. Nest of rubbish on an island;
+found by a miner.</p>
+
+<p>11. <span class="sc">Red-throated Loon.</span> <i>Gavia stellata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern parts of North America,
+breeding from southern Canada northward in the
+interior on both coasts. South to the middle portions
+of the United States in winter.</p>
+
+<p>This is the smallest of the Loon family, being
+twenty-five inches in length. In plumage it is
+wholly unlike any of the other members at all
+seasons of the year. In summer the back, head
+and neck are gray, the latter being striped with
+white. A large chestnut patch adorns the front
+of the lower part of the neck. In winter the
+back is spotted with white, whereas all the others
+are unspotted at this period. The nesting habits are
+identical with the other species; the ground color
+of the two eggs is also the same. Size 2.00 &times; 1.75.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/021b.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/021mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<p>Page <a name="Page_20" id="Page_20"></a> 20</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/022.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF LOON.<br>
+This nest is built on top of a Muskrat house.</p>
+
+
+<p>Page <a name="Page_21" id="Page_21"></a> 21</p>
+
+
+
+<h3>PUFFINS, AUKS and MURRES.</h3>
+
+<h3>Family ALCID&AElig;</h3>
+
+
+
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/023.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF PIED-BILLED GREBE.</p>
+
+<p>Puffins, Auks and Murres are all sea birds and are only found inland when
+blown there by some severe storm of winter. At this season numbers of them
+are apt to lose their bearings and may sometimes be found with their feet
+frozen in some of our inland ponds. Puffins are heavily built birds in appearance,
+but are very active both on the wing and in the water. Their wings are
+much larger comparatively than those of the other members of this family,
+so they are enabled to perform evolutions in the air, which are withheld from
+the others. They stand upright on the sole of the foot and are able to walk
+quite easily on land. Puffins have very heavy and deep but thin bills, which
+are entirely unlike those of any other bird and often give then the name of
+Parrot Auks. Puffins, Auks and Murres are otherwise recognized by the presence
+of but three toes which are webbed.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/023mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_22" id="Page_22"></a> 22
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<img alt="" src="images/024ml.png"><br>
+Page <a name="Page_23" id="Page_23"></a> 23
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>12. <span class="sc">Tufted Puffin.</span> <i>Lunda cirrhata.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 220px"><img alt=""
+src="images/024a.png">
+<p>Tufted Puffin. Puffin.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific Coast from Alaska southward
+to southern California, breeding locally throughout
+their range.</p>
+
+<p>Tufted Puffins are the largest of the Puffins.
+In the breeding plumage, they are a sooty brownish
+or black color; the cheeks are white, and a
+long tuft of straw colored feathers extends back
+from each eye; the bill is bright red and greenish
+yellow. They breed commonly on the Farallones,
+where two or three broods are raised by a
+bird in a single season, but much more abundantly
+on the islands in the north.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 420px"><img alt=""
+src="images/024b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>Their single eggs are laid in burrows in the ground or else in
+natural crevices formed by the rocks. The eggs are pure white or pale buff
+and are without gloss. They very often have barely perceptible shell markings
+of dull purplish color. The eggs are laid about the middle of June. Size 2.80
+&times; 1.90. Data.--Farallone Is., May 27, 1887. Single egg laid in crevice of rocks.
+Collector, W. O. Emerson.</p>
+
+<p>13. <span class="sc">Puffin.</span> <i>Fratercula arctica arctica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic Coast, breeding from the Bay of Fundy northward.
+Winters from breeding range along the New England Coast.</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 340px"><img alt=""
+src="images/025.png">
+<p>White..</p></div>
+<p>The common Puffin has the cheeks, chin and underparts white; upper parts
+and a band across the throat, blackish. Bill deep and thin, and colored with
+red, orange and yellow. They breed in large numbers on Bird Rock in the
+Gulf of St. Lawrence.</p>
+
+<p>The nest is either among the natural crevices of the
+rocks, or in burrows excavated
+in the ground by the birds.
+These burrows vary in length
+from two and a half to four
+or five feet. Except upon the
+positive knowledge of the absence
+of the bird, it is a
+hazardous thing to put the
+hand in one of these burrows
+for the bird can, and will nip
+the fingers, sometimes to the
+bone. They lay but a single
+egg, usually dull white and
+unmarked, but in some cases
+obscurely marked with reddish
+brown. Size 2.50 &times; 1.75. Data.--So. Labrador, June 23, 1884. Single egg
+laid at end of burrow in the ground. Collector, J. H. Jameson.
+</p>
+
+<p>13a. <span class="sc">Large-billed Puffin.</span> <i>Fratercula arctica naumanni.</i></p>
+
+<p>A more northerly subspecies of the last, inhabiting the Arctic region on the
+Atlantic side. The bird is somewhat larger but otherwise indistinguishable
+from the common species. The eggs are exactly the same or average a trifle
+larger. Size 2.55 &times; 1.80. Data.--Iceland, July 6, 1900. Single egg in hole under
+a rock. Collector, Chas. Jefferys.</p>
+
+<p>14. <span class="sc">Horned Puffin.</span> <i>Fratercula corniculata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific Coast from Alaska to British Columbia. The Horned Puffin
+differs from the common in that the blackish band across the throat extends
+upwards in a point to the bill. Their nesting habits are precisely the same as
+those of the preceding species. A single pure white egg is laid; the shell is
+slightly rougher than those of the others. Size 2.65 &times; 1.80. Data.--Round Is.,
+Alaska, June 24, 1884. Single egg laid at end of burrow in ground; no nest.
+Collector, G. L. Kennedy.</p>
+
+<p>15. <span class="sc">Rhinoceros Auklet.</span> <i>Cerorhinca monocerata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific Coast, breeding from British Columbia northward and wintering
+southward to Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The Rhinoceros Auklet or Horned Auk has a much smaller bill than the
+Puffins; in the summer this is adorned at the base by a horn from which it
+takes its name. There are also slender plumes from above and below the eyes.
+Unlike the Puffins, these birds sit upon their whole tarsus.</p>
+
+<p>They nest on islands of the North Pacific Coast from Vancouver northward.
+A single egg is laid in crevices among the rocks or in burrows in the ground.
+It is similar both in size and shape to that of the Puffins, but is often quite
+heavily blotched with brown. Size 2.70 &times; 1.80. Data.--Unak Is., Alaska, June
+30, 1900. Egg laid in a fissure of the rocks; no nest. Collector, F. Weston.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/025mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_24" id="Page_24"></a> 24
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/026ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/026a.png">
+<p>Horned Puffin.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rhinoceros Auklet.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+Cassin Auklet.</p></div>
+<p>16. <span class="sc">Cassin Auklet.</span> <i>Ptychoramphus aleuticus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific Coast from Alaska to Lower
+California, breeding nearly throughout its range.</p>
+
+<p>A plain appearing bird about 9 in. in length,
+with blackish upperparts relieved only by a white
+spot over the eye; breast and throat gray and
+belly white. This Auklet is fairly abundant on
+the Farallones, breeding on the lower portions of
+the island.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/026b.png">
+<p>White..</p></div>
+<p>The late Mr. C. Barlow says that it
+is found in deserted rabbit burrows and in all
+probability often excavates its own burrows. It
+also nests among the cliffs placing its eggs among
+the rocks in any crevice or tunnel which may offer
+a dark retreat during the day for they are nocturnal
+in their habits. The single egg which they
+lay is dull white in color, the inside of the shell
+being a pale green, which color can only be seen
+by holding the egg to the light. They are generally
+slightly nest stained. Size 1.80 &times; 1.30.
+Data.--Coronado Islands, Cal., March 23, 1897.
+Single egg laid on the bare ground at end of a
+burrow three and one-half feet long. Collector,
+E. A. Shives.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/026c.png"><br>
+RHINOCEROS AUKLET.<br>
+Color white, sometimes heavily blotched,<br>
+as above, and again unspotted.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_25" id="Page_25"></a> 25
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/027a.png">
+<p>Paroquet Auklet.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Crested Auklet.</p></div>
+
+<p>17. <span class="sc">Paroquet Auklet.</span>--<i>Phaleris psittacula.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The Alaskan Coast, casually farther
+south in winter.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is about the same size as the preceding,
+and the plumage is similar, except that it
+has no white spot over the eye, and the breast is
+white. It also has a slender plume extending
+from back of the eye.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/027b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>The bill is very peculiar,
+being quite deep and rounded and having an upward
+tendency. It is orange red in color. They
+breed very commonly on the islands of Bering
+Strait. Their eggs are laid in the crevices of the
+cliff, often several feet in and by a crooked path
+so that it is impossible to reach them. The single
+chalky white egg is laid in May. Size 2.30 &times;
+1.45. Data.--Rocky Islet in the Aleutians, June
+22, 1890. Single egg laid on bare rock in a deep
+crevice. Collector, Capt. S. Wilson.</p>
+
+<p>18. <span class="sc">Crested Auklet.</span> <i>Aethia cristatella.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Alaska Coast, similar in form and plumage to the latter, except
+that the whole under parts are gray and it has a crest of recurved feathers.
+The nesting season begins in May, the birds nesting upon the same islands
+and in the same kinds of sites as the last species. The single egg is chalky
+white. Size 2.10 &times; 1.50. Data.--Unak Is., Alaska, July 1, 1900. Egg laid in a
+crevice among the rocks. Collector, F. Weston.</p>
+
+
+<p>19. <span class="sc">Whiskered Auklet.</span> <i>Aethia pygmaea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The Alaska Coast.</p>
+
+<p>Much smaller than the preceding; but 7.5 in. in length. Breast gray, belly
+white; a small tuft of recurved feathers on the forehead and slender white
+plumes from base of bill over the eye and from under the eye, backwards. The
+bill in summer is a bright vermillion color. On some of the islands of the
+Aleutian chain they breed quite abundantly. The nests are placed back in
+the crevices of the rocks, where the single white eggs are laid. Size 2.00 &times; 1.25.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+      <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+      <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+      <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+      <br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/027mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_26" id="Page_26"></a> 26
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/028ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/028a.png">
+<p>Least Auklet.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ancient Murrelet.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+Marbled Murrelet.</p></div>
+
+<p>20. <span class="sc">Least Auklet.</span> <i>Aethia pusilla.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Pacific on the islands and coast
+of Alaska. This is the smallest of the Auklets;
+length 6.5 in. This species has no crest, but has
+the slender white plumes extending back from
+the eye. The entire under parts are white sparsely
+spotted with dusky. This species is by far the
+most abundant of the water birds of the extreme
+Northwest, and thousands of them, accompanied
+by the two preceding species, nest on the rocky
+cliffs of the islands of Bering Sea. Their nesting
+habits are the same as those of the other Auklets,
+they placing their single white egg on the
+bare rocks, in crevices on the cliffs. Size 1.55 &times;
+1.10. Data.--Pribilof Is., Alaska, June 8, 1897.
+Single egg laid in crevice. Thousands breeding
+on the island.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/028b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>21. <span class="sc">Ancient Murrelet.</span> <i>Synthliboramphus antiquus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific Coast, breeding from the border
+of the United States, northward, and wintering
+south to southern California. The Murrelets have no crests or
+plumes and the bills are more slender
+than the Auklets and are not
+highly colored.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 350px"><img alt=""
+src="images/028c.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+<br>
+<p>The ancient Murrelet
+or Black-throated Murrelet,
+as it is also called, has a gray
+back, white under parts and a
+black head and throat, with a broad
+white stripe back of the eye and
+another formed by the white on
+the breast extending up on the side
+of the neck. They breed abundantly
+on the islands in Bering Sea,
+laying one or two eggs at the end
+of burrows in the banks or on the
+ground, and in some localities in crevices on the cliffs. The eggs are a buffy
+white color and are faintly marked with light brown, some of these being in
+the shape of spots and others lengthened. Size 2.40 &times; 1.40. Data.--Sanak Islands,
+July 1, 1894. Two eggs on the ground under a tuft of grass and in a
+slight excavation lined with fine grass.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_27" id="Page_27"></a> 27
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>23. <span class="sc">Marbled Murrelet.</span> <i>Brachyramphus marmoratus.</i></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 320px"><img alt=""
+src="images/029a.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North Pacific Coast,
+breeding from Vancouver Island.
+South in winter to southern
+California.</p>
+
+<p>In the breeding plumage,
+this bird is brownish black
+above, barred with rusty and
+below is marbled with brownish
+gray and white. Its nesting
+habits and eggs are very similar
+to those of the Ancient Murrelet,
+they placing their single
+eggs in holes in the ground or
+crevices among the cliffs. Size
+2.20 &times; 1.40. Data.--Chichagof Is., Alaska, June 18, 1898. Single egg in crevice
+on face of cliff. Large colony breeding in company with Ancient Murrelets.</p>
+
+<p>24. <span class="sc">Kittlitz Murrelet.</span> <i>Brachyramphus brevirostris.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 320px"><img alt=""
+src="images/029b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North Pacific Coast in the Aleutian Islands and north to Unalaska,
+breeding on isolated islands
+throughout its range. This species
+is very similar to the Marbled
+Murrelet, the chief difference
+being in the bill which is
+shorted. They have been found
+breeding on the same islands
+with the preceding species.
+Their single white egg is laid
+in crevices in the cliffs. Size
+2.40 &times; 1.30. Data.--Sanak Is.,
+Alaska, June 25, 1890. Nest in
+a hollow under a bunch of rank
+matted grass. Many ancient
+Burrelets breeding on the same
+Islands. Collector, Capt. Tilson.</p>
+
+<p>25. <span class="sc">Xantus Murrelet.</span> <i>Brachyramphus hypoleucus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 320px"><img alt=""
+src="images/029c.png">
+<p>Pale Blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Resident along the coast of southern and Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is blackish above and entirely
+white below, including the sides of
+the head below the eye. The whole of
+the under surface of the wing is also
+white. They breed on the coast islands
+from Santa Barbara southward. The single
+egg is laid at the end of a burrow
+or in crevices among the rocks. It is a
+pale buffy white in color and thickly, but
+finely dotted over the whole surface with
+purplish brown, and with some larger
+spots at the larger end. Size 2.05 &times; 1.40.
+Data.--Galapagos Islands, March 2, 1901.
+No nest. Single egg laid in a crevice in
+the rocks. Collector, Rollo H. Beck.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/029mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_28" id="Page_28"></a> 28
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/030ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>26. <span class="sc">Craveri's Murrelet.</span> <i>Brachyramphus craveri.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/030a.png">
+<p>Xantus Murrelet.<br>
+Mandt's Guillemot.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Both coasts of Lower California, breeding
+chiefly on the Gulf side. Craveri Murrelet is
+very similar to the last except that the under surfaces
+of the wings are dusky.</p>
+<p>27. <span class="sc">Black Guillemot.</span> <i>Cepphus grylle.</i></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/030b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+<p>Breeds on the islands
+near Cape St. Lucas, burrowing in the
+ground as do most of the others of this species.
+They lay a single egg, the ground color of which
+is buff; they are quite heavily blotched with
+brownish. Size 2.00 &times; 1.40.</p><br>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt=""
+src="images/030c.png">
+<p>Black Guillemot.</p></div>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p>Range.--Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic,
+breeding from Maine northward to southern
+Greenland. Guillemots are larger birds than
+the Murrelets (length 13 inches) and their plumage
+is entirely different. This species in summer
+is entirely black except the wing coverts which
+are white. The bases of the greater coverts,
+however, are black, this generally breaking the
+white mirror as it is called. The under surfaces
+of the wings are white. Legs red. These
+birds breed abundantly on the rocky islands
+and high cliffs along the coast. Soon after
+the first of June the eggs are laid in the crevices
+of the rocks and sometimes upon the bare
+ledges. Two or three eggs make the set. The
+ground color is a pale bluish or greenish white
+and the markings are various shades of brown
+and black. Size 2.40 &times; 1.60. Data.--Grand
+Manan, June 15, 1896. Two eggs laid in a
+cavity back of large boulder. No nest. Collector,
+D. H. Eaton.</p>
+
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_29" id="Page_29"></a> 29
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>28. <span class="sc">Mandt's Guillemot.</span> <i>Cepphus mandti.</i></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt=""
+src="images/031a.png">
+<p>Murre.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic coast, more northerly
+than the preceding, breeding from Labrador
+to northern Greenland.</p>
+
+<p>The bird differs from the Black Guillemot
+only in having the bases of the coverts white
+also. The nesting habits and eggs are identical.
+They nest in colonies of thousands and
+place the eggs upon the bare rock with no attempt
+at nest building. Generally the eggs
+are in the crevices so as to be difficult to get
+at. Size 2.30 &times; 1.55. Data.--Depot Island, Hudson
+Bay, June 6, 1894. Two eggs laid on bare
+rocky ground. Collector John Comer.</p>
+
+<p>29. <span class="sc">Pigeon Guillemot.</span> <i>Cepphus columba.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The Pacific Coast of North America,
+breeding from southern California northward.
+This bird is very similar to the Black
+Guillemot except that the under surfaces of
+the wings are dark. They breed abundantly on some of the islands of Bering
+Sea and a few of them nest on the Farallones. They lay their two eggs on
+the bare rock in dark crevices. The color is grayish or pale greenish blue
+and the markings are brown and
+black with paler shell markings of
+lilac. Size 2.40 &times; 1.60. Data.--S.
+Farallone Islands, Cal. Two eggs
+laid on gravel at the end of a burrow,
+about two feet from the entrance
+and 285 feet above the sea
+level. Collector, Claude Fyfe.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 340px"><img alt=""
+src="images/031b.png">
+<p>Pale bluish gray.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>30. <span class="sc">Murre.</span> <i>Uria troile troille.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic coasts
+and islands, breeding from Bird
+Rock northward. Murres are similar
+in form to the Guillemots, but
+are larger, being about 16 inches
+in length. Entire head and neck
+sooty brown; rest of upper parts</p>
+
+Pale bluish gray.
+
+<p>grayish black except the tips of
+the secondaries which are white. Under parts white. These birds nest by
+thousands on Bird Rock and on the cliffs of Labrador. They build no nests
+but simply lay their single egg on the narrow ledges of cliffs, where the only
+guarantee against its rolling off is its peculiar shape which causes it, when
+moved, to revolve about its smaller end instead of rolling off the ledge. The
+eggs are laid as closely as possible on the ledges where the incubating birds
+sit upright, in long rows like an army on guard. As long as each bird succeeds
+in finding an egg to cover, on its return home, it is doubtful if they
+either know or care whether it is their own or not. The ground color of the
+eggs vary from white to a deep greenish blue and the markings of blackish
+brown vary in endless patterns, some eggs being almost wholly unspotted.
+Size 3.40 &times; 2.00. Data.--South Labrador, June 19, 1884. Single egg laid on the
+bare cliff. Large colony breeding. Collector, M. A. Grasar.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/031mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_30" id="Page_30"></a> 30
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/032ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>30a. <span class="sc">California Murre.</span> <i>Uria troille californica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific Coast, breeding from the Farallones north to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This Pacific form of the common Murre is the most abundant breeding bird
+on the Farallones. Their eggs are used in enormous numbers for commercial
+purposes and these islands being located, as they are, within easy distance
+from San Francisco, thousands of dozens of the eggs are sold yearly, chiefly
+to bakeries. Although continually robbed, their numbers have not as yet
+diminished to any great extent. They lay but a single egg on the bare ledge.
+Individual eggs are indistinguishable from the last species but in a large
+series the ground color averages brighter. They show the same great difference
+in color and markings. The first set is laid in May, but owing to
+their being so often molested, fresh eggs can be found during August. Data.--Farallones,
+July 4, 1895. Single egg laid on bare cliff. Collector, Thos. E.
+Slevin.</p>
+
+<p>31. <span class="sc">Brunnich Murre.</span> <i>Uria lomvia lomvia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic Coast, breeding range the same as the common
+Murre.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/032.png"></p>
+
+<p>This species differs from the common Murre in having a shorter and thicker
+bill, the base of the cutting edge of which is less feathered. They breed on
+the same islands in company with the common Murre and their eggs are indistinguishable.
+Data.--Coast of South Labrador. Single egg laid on ledge of
+cliff. About three hundred birds in the colony.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_31" id="Page_31"></a> 31
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>31a. <span class="sc">Pallas Murre.</span> <i>Uria lomvia arra.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The Pacific coasts and islands.</p>
+
+<p>This is the Pacific form of Brunnich Murre. Its breeding range is more
+northerly than that of the California variety. Countless thousands of them
+breed on the islands off the coast of Alaska, their breeding habits and eggs
+being the same as the more southern form.</p>
+
+<p>32. <span class="sc">Razor-billed Auk.</span> <i>Alca torda.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic coast, breeding from Bird Rock northward and
+wintering south to the Middle States on the coast.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/033.png"><br>
+Grayish white.</p>
+
+
+<p>The Razor-billed Auk is in form similar to the Murres, but the bill is very
+different, being deep and thin, and with the upper mandible rounded at the
+tip. Entire upper parts black shading to brownish on the throat. Under parts
+and tips of secondaries, white; line from eye to bill and another across the
+middle of the bill, white. They nest in large numbers on Bird Rock in company
+with the Murres and in still greater numbers off the coast of Labrador.
+Their eggs are not placed in as exposed positions as the Murres, being generally
+behind boulders or in crevices. This is necessary because, not being
+of the pear-shaped form of the Murres, they would be very apt to be dislodged
+if commonly placed on the narrow ledges. The eggs vary endlessly in marking
+but do not show the differences in ground color that the Murres do. The
+color is white, grayish or buffy. But one egg is generally laid, although two
+are sometimes found. Size 3.00 &times; 2.00. Data.--Bay of Fundy. June 17, 1891.
+Single egg laid on bare rock in a crevice under loose rocks. Collector, A. C.
+Bent.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/033mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_32" id="Page_32"></a> 32
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<img alt="" src="images/034ml.png">
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/034.png">
+<p>Great Auk Dovekie.</p></div>
+<p>33. <span class="sc">Great Auk</span>. <i>Plautus impennis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Formerly the whole of the North Atlantic
+coasts. Now extinct.</p>
+
+<p>These great auks formerly dwelt in large numbers
+on the islands of the North Atlantic, but
+owing to their lack of the powers of flight and
+the destructiveness of mankind, the living bird
+has disappeared from the face of the earth.
+Although they were about thirty inches in length,
+their wings were even smaller than those of the
+Razor-billed Auk, a bird only eighteen inches in
+length. Although breeding off the coast of Newfoundland,
+they appeared winters as far south as
+Virginia, performing their migration by swimming
+alone. The last bird appears to have been
+taken in 1844, and Funk Island, off the coast of
+Newfoundland, marks the place of their disappearance
+from our shores. There are about seventy
+known specimens of the bird preserved, and
+about the same number of eggs. The immediate
+cause of the extinction of these birds was their
+destruction for food by fishermen and immigrants,
+and later for the use of their feathers commercially.
+The single egg that they laid was about 5.00 x 3.00
+inches, the ground color was buffy white, and the spots brownish and blackish.
+The markings varied in endless pattern as do those of the smaller Auk.
+There are but two real eggs (plaster casts in imitation of the Auks eggs are
+to be found in many collections) in collections in this country, one in the
+Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia, and the other in the National
+Museum, at Washington. Through the kindness of Mr. Witmer Stone, of the
+Academy of Natural Science, we are enabled to show a full-sized reproduction
+from a photograph of the egg in their collection.</p>
+<br><br><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/034deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_33" id="Page_33"></a> 33
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/035.png"><br>
+EGG OF THE GREAT AUK.<br>
+Photographed from the specimen in the Academy of Natural Science, Philadelphia;<br>
+not more than ten or twelve of these eggs are in this country;<br>
+the one figured is one of the best marked specimens.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+      <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/035mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_34" id="Page_34"></a> 34
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/036ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/036a.png">
+<p>Dovekie.</p></div>
+
+<p>34. <span class="sc">Dovekie</span>. <i>Alle alle</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic
+and East Arctic oceans, breeding in the
+Arctic regions and wintering as far south as the
+Middle States. The little Dovekie or Sea Dove is
+the smallest member of the family, being only 8
+inches in length, and is the only member of the
+sub-family allin&aelig;.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/036b.png">
+<p>Pale greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>The form is very robust and
+the bill is short and stout. In summer the plumage
+is black above; the throat and upper breast
+are sooty brown, and the under parts are white,
+as are also the tips of the secondaries and edges
+of the scapulars. They nest in large numbers
+on the Rocky cliffs of islands in the East Arctic.
+Their single pale greenish blue egg is placed in
+a crevice of the rocks. Size 1.80 &times; 1.25. Data.--Greenland,
+June 8, 1893. Single egg laid in a
+crevice of a sea cliff.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/036c.png"><br>
+MURRE--White, buff, or deep greenish blue.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+
+<p>Page <a name="Page_35" id="Page_35"></a> 35</p>
+
+<h2>LONG-WINGED SWIMMERS. Order II. LONGIPENNES<br>
+SKUA AND JAEGERS. Family STERCORARIIDAE</h2>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>Skuas and J&aelig;gers are birds having a Gull or Tern-like form and with a hooked
+bill, the base of which is covered with a scaly shield. They have webbed
+feet and are able to swim and dive, but they commonly get their living by
+preying upon the Gulls and Terns, overtaking them by their superior speed
+and by their strength and ferocity forcing them to relinquish their food. The
+J&aelig;gers especially are one of the swiftest and most graceful birds that fly.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_36" id="Page_36"></a> 36
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/038ml.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+      <div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/038a.png">
+<p>Skua.<br>
+Pomarine J&aelig;ger.</p></div>
+<p>35. <span class="sc">Skua</span>. <i>Megalestris skua</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coasts and islands of the North Atlantic,
+chiefly on the European side; rare on the
+Atlantic coast of North America.</p>
+
+<p>Skuas are large (22 inches in length) and very
+powerfully built birds, having the general form
+of a Gull.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/038b.png">
+<p>Olive brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>Their whole plumage is a dingy brownish
+black color, palest below. Breeds in Iceland
+and possibly on some of the islands in Hudson
+Strait. The nest is a hollow on the ground in
+the marsh grass and is lined with grass. The
+two eggs which they lay have an olive greenish
+ground, spotted with dark brown. Size 2.75 &times; 1.90.</p>
+
+<p>36. <span class="sc">Pomarine Jaeger.</span> <i>Stercorarius pomarinus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere, breeding within the Arctic Circle, more
+commonly in the Old World.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 320px"><img alt=""
+src="images/038c.png">
+<p>Deep olive brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>In the breeding plumage, this
+J&aelig;ger has the crown and face
+blackish; back and sides of head,
+throat and under parts pure white,
+except the pointed stiffened feathers
+of the neck which are yellow.
+Back, wings and tail blackish, the
+latter with the two middle feathers
+lengthened about four inches
+beyond the rest of the tail, and
+broad to the tips, which are twisted
+so that the feathers are vertical.
+They breed throughout the
+Arctic regions, but not as commonly
+in America as the following
+species. The nest is on the ground
+in the marsh grass and is made of
+grass and moss. They lay two and rarely three eggs of an olive brown or
+greenish color. These are spotted with brown and black. Size 2.20 &times; 1.70.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_37" id="Page_37"></a> 37
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/039a.png">
+<p>Parastic J&aelig;ger.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Long-tailed J&aelig;ger.</p></div>
+<p>37. <span class="sc">Parasitic Jaeger.</span> <i>Stercorarius parasiticus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere, wintering south
+to South America.</p>
+
+<p>The Parasitic J&aelig;ger is very similar to the
+Pomarine except that the central tail feathers
+are pointed and are straight instead of twisted.
+It is an abundant bird in Alaska, breeding from
+the Aleutian Chain northward.</p>
+
+<p>They locate their nests in the highest parts
+of marshy places, the nest itself being only a depression
+in the ground lined with grass and moss.
+The two eggs have an olive greenish or brownish
+ground and are marked with various shades of
+brown and black. Size 2.15 &times; 1.65.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/039b.png">
+<p>Brownish.</p></div>
+
+<p>38. <span class="sc">Long-tailed Jaeger.</span> <i>Stercorarius longicaudus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic America; south in winter to
+South America.</p>
+
+<p>The long-tailed J&aelig;ger is, according to length,
+the largest of the J&aelig;gers, being 21 in. long; this is, however, due to the long
+sharp pointed central pair of tail feathers, which extend about eight inches
+beyond the others, and from the most noticeable distinguishing point from
+the former species. The plumages that have been described are the light
+phases; all the J&aelig;gers have a dark
+phase in which the plumage is a nearly
+uniform sooty brown, lightest below.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 320px"><img alt=""
+src="images/039c.png">
+<p>Olive brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Long-tailed J&aelig;gers are the
+most numerous in Alaska and are
+even more graceful in flight than are
+the Gulls and Terns, floating, skimming,
+sailing, plunging, and darting
+about with incredible swiftness and
+ease. Like the others of this family,
+they pilfer their food from the Gulls,
+and are also very destructive to young
+birds and eggs. Their eggs are either
+laid on the bare ground or in a
+slight depression, scantily lined with
+grasses. The eggs are indistinguishable from those of the preceding species
+except that they average a trifle smaller. Size 2.10 &times; 1.50.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/039mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_38" id="Page_38"></a> 38
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/040ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>GULLS and TERNS. Family LARID&AElig;</h2>
+<br>
+<p>Gulls are webbed footed birds having a slight hook to the end of the upper
+mandible. Their plumage is generally a silvery gray above and white below.
+They nest in large colonies, some on the islands of fresh water inland, but
+mostly on the sea coast. They procure their food from the surface of the
+water, it consisting mostly of dead fish and refuse matter, and crustacea which
+they gather from the waters edge. When tired they rest upon the surface of
+the water, where they ride the largest waves in perfect safety.</p>
+
+<p>Terns are birds of similar plumage to the Gulls, but their forms are less robust
+and the bills are generally longer and sharply pointed. Their food consists
+chiefly of small fish which they secure by hovering above the water, and
+then plunging upon them. They are less often seen on the surface of the
+water than are the Gulls.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/040.png"><br>
+CHARACTERISTIC NEST OF A LOON.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_39" id="Page_39"></a> 39
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/041a.png">
+<p>Ivory Gull.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kittiwake.</p></div>
+
+<p>39. <span class="sc">Ivory Gull.</span> <i>Pagophila alba.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions; south in winter to the
+northern border of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>The little Snow Gull, as it is often called, is
+eighteen inches in length. In the breeding season
+the plumage is entirely white; the bill is tipped
+with yellow and there is a red ring around
+the eye. These Gulls nest in large colonies in
+the Arctic Regions, placing their nests on the
+high rocky cliffs. The nest is made of grass,
+moss and rubbish, and the three eggs are laid
+during June. The eggs are olive color and the
+markings are dark brown.</p>
+
+<p>40. <span class="sc">Kittiwake.</span> <i>Rissa tridactyla trydactyla.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic and Arctic regions,
+breeding from the Gulf of the St. Lawrence northward
+and wintering south to the Great Lakes and
+Long Island.</p>
+
+<p>The Kittiwake is sixteen inches in length, has
+a pearly gray mantle, black tips to the primaries,
+and remainder of plumage white. Its hind toe
+is very small being apparently wanting in the
+eastern form, while in the Pacific it is more developed.
+These are very noisy Gulls, their notes
+resembling a repetition of their name. They are
+very common in the far north, placing nests on
+the ledges of high rocky cliffs, often in company
+with Murres and Auks.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/041b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>They gather together a
+pile of sticks, grass and moss, making the interior
+cup-shaped so as to hold their two or three
+eggs. Large numbers of them breed on Bird
+Rock, they occupying certain
+ledges while the Gannets and
+Murres, which also breed there,
+also have distinct ledges on
+which to make their homes.
+The breeding season is at its
+height during June. The eggs
+are buffy or brownish gray and
+are spotted with different shades
+of brown. Size 2.25 &times; 1.60. Data.--So.
+Labrador, June 15, 1884.
+Three eggs. Nest made of seaweed
+and moss, placed on ledge
+of cliff. Many Murres nesting
+on other ledges.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/041mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_40" id="Page_40"></a> 40
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/042ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/042a.png">
+<p>Red-legged Kittiwake.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+Glaucus Gull.</p></div>
+<p>40a. <span class="sc">Pacific Kittiwake.</span> <i>Rissa tridactyla pollicaris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of the North Pacific, wintering
+south to California.</p>
+
+<p>The Pacific Kittiwake breeds in immense rookeries
+on some of the islands in Bering Sea. They
+are well distributed over Copper Island where
+they nest in June and July, choosing the high
+ledges which overhang the sea. The nesting
+habits and eggs are precisely the same as those
+of the common Kittiwake.</p>
+
+<p>41. <span class="sc">Red-legged Kittiwake.</span> <i>Rissa brevirostris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern coasts, breeding in high
+latitudes.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/042b.png">
+<p> Brownish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Kittiwake is similar to the preceding, with
+the exception that the legs are bright red, the
+mantle is darker, and the bill is shorter. This
+species was found by Dr. Leonard Stejneger to be
+a very abundant nesting bird on islands in Bering
+Sea, selecting steep and inaccessible rocks and ledges on which to build
+its nest. Their nesting habits are precisely the same as the Pacific Kittiwake,
+but they most often nest in separate colonies, but can be distinguished readily
+when nesting together by the darker mantles when on the nest and the red
+legs when flying. Grass, moss and mud are used in the nest. The ground color
+of the eggs is buffy or brownish, and the spots are dark brown and lilac.
+Size 2.15 &times; 1.50.</p>
+
+<p>42. <span class="sc">Glaucous Gull.</span> <i>Larus hyperboreus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions, south in winter to Long Island, the Great Lakes, and
+San Francisco Bay.</p>
+
+<p>This Gull shares with the Great Black-backed Gull the honor of being
+the largest of the Gulls, being 28 inches in length. Mantle light gray; it is
+distinguished by its size and the primaries, which are white to the tips. A
+powerful bird that preys upon the smaller Gulls and also devours the young
+and eggs of smaller birds.</p>
+
+<p>They nest on the ground on the islands and shores of Hudson Bay, Greenland,
+etc. The nest is made of seaweed, grass and moss and is generally quite
+bulky. The two or three eggs are laid in June. They are of various shades of
+color from a light drab to a brownish, and are spotted with brownish and
+black. Size about 3.00 &times; 2.20.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_41" id="Page_41"></a> 41
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>42.1. <span class="sc">Point Barrow Gull.</span> <i>Larus barrovianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwest coast from Bering Sea to Point Barrow.</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 320px"><img alt=""
+src="images/043a.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is almost
+identical with the Glaucus
+Gull, averaging perhaps
+a trifle smaller.
+Its standing as a distinct
+species is still
+questioned and has not
+yet been decided satisfactorily.
+Early in June
+their nests are built on
+remote islands in Bering
+Sea. These nests
+are the same as the last
+species, large piles of
+vegetation, hollowed on
+top for the reception of
+the eggs. The eggs
+have the same variations
+in color and markings
+as the Glaucus
+Gull. Size 3.00 &times; 2.10.
+Data.--Herschel Is.,
+Alaska, July 1, 1900. Nest made of seaweed and grass; placed on the ground.
+Three eggs. Collector, Rev. I. O. Stringer.</p>
+
+<p>13. <span class="sc">Iceland Gull.</span> <i>Larus leucopterus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions, south in winter to the Middle States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 320px"><img alt=""
+src="images/043b.png">
+<p>Greenish brown.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>This Gull in appearance is precisely like the two preceding ones but is considerably
+smaller; 24 inches in length. A very common bird in the north,
+breeding in colonies of thousands on many of the islands. It is regarded as
+one of the most common
+of the larger Gulls in Bering
+Sea and also nests
+commonly in Hudson Bay
+and Greenland, as well as
+in the Eastern Hemisphere.
+They nest indifferently
+on high rocky cliffs or
+on low sandy islands. Except
+when the eggs are laid
+in a sandy depression in
+the soil, quite bulky nests
+are made of seaweed and
+moss. The eggs are laid
+about the first of June;
+they number two to three
+and have a ground color
+of brownish or greenish brown and are blotched with umber. Size 2.80 &times; 1.83.
+Data.--Mackenzie Bay, Arctic America. June 18, 1899. Nest made of seaweed
+and grass on an island in the bay.</p>
+
+
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/043mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_42" id="Page_42"></a> 42
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/044ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/044a.png">
+<p>Iceland Gull.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Glaucous-winged Gull.</p></div>
+
+<p>44. <span class="sc">Glaucous-winged Gull</span>. <i>Larus glaucescens</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Pacific coast, breeding from
+British Columbia northwards and wintering from
+the same country to southern California.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/044b.png">
+<p>Pale greenish brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Gull is very like the preceding except
+that the primaries are the same color as the
+mantle, and are tipped with white. Length about
+27 inches. Not so northerly distributed a bird
+as the previous ones, and consequently better
+known. They breed in large numbers both on
+the high rocky cliffs of the islands along the
+coast and on the low sandy islands of the Aleutian
+Chain. On Copper Island they breed on the
+inaccessible cliffs overhanging the water. As in
+the case of the Iceland Gull, when the nests are
+on the cliffs, a large nest of seaweed is made,
+whereas if they are on the ground, especially in
+sandy places no attempt is made at nest-building. The eggs have a greenish
+brown ground color and dark brown spots. Size 2.75 &times; 2.05. Data.--West Coast
+of Vancouver Island. June 20, 1896. Three eggs; nest made of seaweed.
+Located on a low ledge. Collector, Dr. Newcombe.</p>
+
+<p>45. <span class="sc">Kumlien's Gull</span>. <i>Larus Kumlieni</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic coast, breeding in Cumberland Sound and wintering
+as far south as Long Island.</p>
+
+<p>This bird differs from the Glaucous-winged only in the pattern of the gray
+markings of the primaries and in having a little lighter mantle. It is quite
+common in its breeding haunts where it places its nest high up on the ledges
+of the cliffs. The eggs are not different apparently from glaucescens.</p>
+
+<p>46. <span class="sc">Nelson's Gull</span>. <i>Larus nelsoni</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>Plumage exactly like that of Kumlien Gull and questionably a new species.
+The nests and eggs are not to be distinguished from the preceding.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_43" id="Page_43"></a> 43
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>47. <span class="sc">Great- Black-Backed Gull.</span><i>Larus marinus.</i></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/045a.png">
+<p>Great Black-Backed Gull.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Kumlien's Gull.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic on both the American
+and European sides; breeds from Nova Scotia
+northward and winters south to the Great Lakes
+and the Middle States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/045b.png">
+<p>Grayish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>The largest of the Gulls (thirty inches long)
+and unlike any other. The mantle is dark slaty
+black, and the primaries are black with white
+tips. The bill is very large and powerful and
+quite strongly hooked. They are quite abundant
+birds in their range, and are very quarrelsome,
+both among themselves and other species. They
+do not breed in as large colonies as do the other
+Gulls, half a dozen pairs appropriating a small
+island to the exclusion of all other birds. They
+are very rapacious birds and live to a great extent,
+especially during the breeding season, upon the eggs and young of other
+birds such as Ducks, Murres and smaller Gulls. They place their nests upon
+the higher portions of sandy islands. They are made of grasses and seaweed.
+The three eggs are laid early in June; they are grayish or brownish, spotted
+with brown and lilac. Size 3.00 &times; 2.15. Data.--South Labrador, June 21, 1884.
+Three eggs. Nest on a small island off the coast; of grasses and moss.</p>
+
+<p>48. <span class="sc">Slaty-backed Gull</span>.--<i>Larus schistisagus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Pacific and Arctic Oceans.</p>
+
+<p>This Gull, which is similar to the Great Black-backed, but is smaller and has
+a lighter mantle, does not breed in any considerable numbers on the American
+side of the Pacific. It nests in June on some of the islands in Bering Sea
+and probably more commonly farther north. They often nest in company with
+other species, placing their small mounds of seaweed on the ground on the
+higher parts of the islands. The full set contains three eggs of grayish or
+brownish color, spotted with dark brown or black. Size 2.90 &times; 2.00. Data.--Harrowby
+Bay, N. W. T. Canada, June 11, 1901. Nest of grass, roots and mud and
+lined with dry grass; on point making into the bay. Collector, Capt. H. H.
+Bodfish.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/045mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+<p>Page <a name="Page_44" id="Page_44"></a> 44</p>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/046ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/046a.png">
+<p>Western Gull.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Herring Gull.</p></div>
+
+<p>49. <span class="sc">Western Gull.</span> <i>Larus occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific Coast, breeding from southern
+California to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>This bird, which is the most southerly distributed
+of the larger Gulls is twenty-four inches in
+length. Mantle slate colored; primaries black,
+both these and the secondaries being broadly
+tipped with white. These Gulls nest abundantly
+on the Farallones, the majority of them showing
+a preference for the lower portions of the island,
+although they nest on the ledges also. Besides
+man, these Gulls are the greatest enemies that
+the Murres have to content against. They are
+always on the watch and if a Murre leaves its
+nest, one of the Gulls is nearly always ready to
+pounce upon the egg and carry it away bodily in
+his bill. The Gulls too suffer when the eggers
+come, for their eggs are gathered up with the
+Murres for the markets. They make their nests
+of weeds and grass, and during May and June
+lay three eggs showing the usual variations of
+color common to the Gulls eggs. Size 2.75 &times; 1.90.</p>
+
+<p>50. <span class="sc">Siberian Gull.</span> <i>Larus affinis.</i></p>
+
+<p>This bird does not nest in North America, and
+has a place on our list, by its accidental occurrence
+in Greenland. It is an Old World species
+and its nesting habits and eggs are like those of
+the Herring Gull.</p>
+
+<p>51. <span class="sc">Herring Gull.</span> <i>Larus argentatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of the Northern Hemisphere,
+breeding from Maine and British Columbia northward
+and wintering south to the Gulf.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/046b.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Gull, which formerly was No. 51a, a subspecies
+of the European variety, is now regarded
+as identical with it, and is no longer a sub-species.
+It is twenty-four inches in length, has a light gray mantle and black primaries
+which are tipped with
+white. The Herring
+Gulls nest in colonies
+in favorable localities
+throughout their range,
+chiefly on the coasts
+and islands. A few pairs
+also nest on islands in
+some of the inland
+bodies of fresh water.
+Except in places where
+they are continually
+molested, when they
+will build in trees, they
+place their nests on the
+ground either making
+no nest on the bare
+sand, or building a
+bulky nest of seaweed
+in the grass on higher
+parts of the island.
+They lay three eggs of
+a grayish color marked with brown. In rare cases unspotted bluish white
+eggs are found. Size 2.80 &times; 1.70.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_45" id="Page_45"></a> 45
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/047a.png">
+<p>Ring-billed Gull.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;California Gull.</p></div>
+
+<p>52. <span class="sc">Vega Gull.</span> <i>Larus vegae.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of Alaska, south in winter to
+California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the Herring Gull, but with the mantle
+darker, but not so dark as in the Western Gull.
+The nesting habits and eggs are the same as
+those of the Herring Gull, except that in a series,
+the eggs of the Vega will average a little
+darker in ground color. It nests during May on
+the coasts and islands of Bering Sea, placing its
+eggs in a hollow on the ground. Size 2.75 &times; 1.65.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/047b.png">
+<p>Grayish brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>53. <span class="sc">California Gull.</span> <i>Larus californicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, breeding in
+the interior.</p>
+
+<p>A smaller Gull than the Herring with the primaries
+grayish instead of black; length twenty-five inches. This Gull is found
+in winter on the coast from British Columbia southward to Lower California,
+but nests in the interior from Utah northward. They nest very abundantly
+around the Great Salt Lake, placing their nests generally upon the bare ground.
+Sometimes there is a scant lining of grasses or weeds and again the nests will
+be situated in the midst of a tussock of grass. Three or four eggs generally
+constitute a set, but occasionally five are laid. The usual nesting time is during
+May. They show the same great variations in color and markings common
+to most of the Gulls. Size 2.60 &times; 1.80.</p>
+
+<p>54. <span class="sc">Ring-billed Gull.</span> <i>Larus delawarenis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding from the United States northward
+and wintering south to the Gulf States.</p>
+
+<p>A small Gull, eighteen inches in length, with a light gray mantle, black
+primaries with white tips, and always to be distinguished in the breeding season
+by the black band around the middle of the greenish yellow bill. They
+nest in enormous colonies on islands in the interior of the country and in
+smaller colonies on the coasts. Thousands of them breed on the lakes of the
+Dakotas and northward. The majority of them nest on the ground, although
+on the coast they are often found on the cliffs. They commonly lay three eggs
+placing them in a slight hollow in the ground, generally on the grassy portions
+of the islands. The color varies from grayish to brownish, marked with
+brown and lilac. The height of the nesting season is in June. Size of eggs,
+2.80 &times; 1.75.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/047mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_46" id="Page_46"></a> 46
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/048ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/048a.png">
+<p>Short-billed Gull.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Heerman's Gull.</p></div>
+<p>55. <span class="sc">Short-billed Gull.</span> <i>Larus brachyrhynchus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds from the interior of British
+Columbia northward to Alaska; south in winter to
+Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The Short-billed or American Mew Gull is seventeen
+inches in length, has a short, stout bill and
+is otherwise similar to the preceding species.
+Nests on islands in the lakes and along the river
+banks of Alaska. The nest is made of grass,
+weeds and moss and is placed on the ground.
+Early in June the birds lay their set of three eggs,
+the ground color of which is greenish brown marked
+with dark brown. Size 2.25 &times; 1.60. Data.--Mackenzie
+River, N. W. T., June 18, 1900. Three
+eggs. Nest made of seaweed and grass and placed
+on the ground on an island in the river.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/048b.png">
+<p>Pale greenish-brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>56. <span class="sc">Mew Gull.</span> <i>Larus canus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is the European variety of the above species,
+breeding commonly both in the British Isles
+and northern Europe. This species is given a place in our avifauna because
+of its accidental appearance in Labrador.</p>
+
+<p>57. <span class="sc">Heerman's Gull.</span> <i>Larus heermanni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific Coast of North America from British Columbia south to
+Panama, breeding chiefly south of the United States border.</p>
+
+<p>A very handsome species, often called the White-headed Gull, and wholly
+unlike any other; length seventeen inches. Adults, in summer, have the
+entire head, neck and throat white, this shading quite abruptly into the slaty
+upper and under parts; the primaries and tail are black, the latter and the
+secondaries being tipped with white. The legs and bill are vermilion. They
+are found off the coast of California, but are not believed to breed there.
+They are known to breed on some of the islands off the Mexican coast nesting
+on the ground the same as the other species. The three eggs are greenish
+drab in color and are marked with different shades of brown and lilac. Size
+2.45 &times; 1.50.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_47" id="Page_47"></a> 47
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>58. <span class="sc">Laughing Gull.</span> <span class="sc">Larus atricilla.</span></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/049a.png">
+<p>Laughing Gull.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding
+from the Gulf to Nova Scotia, chiefly on the
+coast. A beautiful Gull, 16 inches long, with
+a dark slate colored head, gray mantle, black
+primaries, and white neck, underparts and tail. Bill and feet red.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/049b.png">
+<p>Pale grayish brown.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/049c.png">
+<p>RING-BILLED GULL--Gray.</p></div>
+
+<p> This bird
+has its name from its peculiar laughing cry when alarmed or angry; it is
+also called the Black-headed Gull.
+They nest by thousands on the islands off
+the Gulf Coast and along the South
+Atlantic States. The nest is placed
+on the ground and is made of seaweed.
+Three, four and sometimes
+five eggs are laid, of a grayish to
+greenish brown color, marked with
+brown and lilac. Size 2.25 &times; 1.60.
+Data.--Timbalin Is., La., June 3,
+1896. Three eggs. Nest of drift
+grass thrown in a pile about 8
+inches high, slightly hollowed on
+top, in low marsh back of beach.
+Collector, E. A. McIlhenny.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/049deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/049mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_48" id="Page_48"></a> 48
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/050ml.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+      <div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/050a.png"><br>
+<p>Franklin's Gull.<br>
+Bonaparte's Gull.</p></div>
+
+<p>59. <span class="sc">Franklin's Gull.</span> <i>Larus franklini.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior North America, breeding from
+middle United States northward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/050b.png">
+<p>Grayish brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>Like the last but smaller and with the primaries
+light. Underparts rosy in breeding season.
+Nests very abundantly in the marshes of Minnesota
+and northward. Nest made of grasses and
+placed in the marsh grass barely above the surface
+of the water. Eggs same color as the last
+but the markings more inclined to zigzag lines.
+Size 2.10 &times; 1.40. Data.--Heron Lake, Minn., May
+26, 1885. Nest of wet sedge stalks and rubbish
+placed in a bunch of standing sedge in shallow
+water; at least five thousand birds in rookery.
+Collector, J. W. Preston.</p>
+<br><br>
+<p>60. <span class="sc">Bonaparte's Gull.</span> <i>Larus philadelphia.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt=""
+src="images/050c.png">
+<p>Pale grayish brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the northern parts of North America; winters from Maine
+and British Columbia to the southern border of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>Smaller than the last; 14 inches long.
+Plumage similar, but bill slender and
+black. They nest in great numbers on
+the marshes of Manitoba and to the
+northward. The nests, of sticks and
+grass, are placed on the higher parts of
+the marsh and the usual complement of
+three eggs is laid during the latter part
+of June. The eggs are grayish to greenish
+brown, marked with dark brown and
+lilac. Size 1.90 &times; 1.30.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_49" id="Page_49"></a> 49
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>60.1. <span class="sc">Little Gull.</span> <i>Larus minutus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/051a.png">
+<p>Rose Gull.<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Sabine Gull.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Gull is the smallest of the family; it is
+a European bird, and has accidentally strayed to
+our shores but a few times. Its plumage is similar
+to that of the Bonaparte Gull but the bill is
+red. It breeds in the marshes around the Baltic
+Sea, placing its nest of dead vegetation on the
+highest parts of the marsh. They lay three eggs
+of a greenish gray color marked with dark brown
+and lilac. Size 1.75 &times; 1.25.</p>
+
+<p>61. <span class="sc">Roses Gull.</span> <i>Rhodostethia rosea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The Arctic regions, south in winter
+to Alaska, Greenland, northern Europe and Asia.</p>
+
+<p>This beautiful bird is the most rare of all the
+Gulls, being very difficult to obtain because of
+its extreme northerly distribution. It is in form
+and plumage like Bonaparte Gull, with the exceptions
+that the head is white, there being a narrow
+black collar around the neck, the tail is
+wedge shaped, and the whole under parts from
+the chin to the tail are rosy in the breeding plumage.
+The nests and eggs remain still undiscovered,
+although Nansen, in August 1896, found a
+supposed breeding ground in Franz Josef Land,
+because of the numbers of the birds, but found
+no nests.</p>
+
+<p>62. <span class="sc">Sabine's Gull.</span> <i>Xema sabinii.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions, breeding from Alaska
+and Greenland and northward, and wintering
+south to New England.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/051b.png">
+<p>Greenish brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>A handsome bird, having the slaty hood
+bordered behind with a black ring, the primaries
+black, white tipped, and the tail slightly
+forked. They breed abundantly on the marshes
+of northern Alaska and Greenland, nesting the
+same as others of the species. The two or
+three eggs are laid in June. They are greenish
+brown in color and are marked with dark
+brown. Size 1.75 &times; 1.25. Data.--Hudson Bay,
+August 1, 1894. Eggs laid on the ground in
+the moss; no nest except the hollow in the
+moss.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/051deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/051mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_50" id="Page_50"></a> 50
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/052ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>63. <span class="sc">Gull-billed Tern.</span> <i>Gelochelidon nilotica.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt=""
+src="images/052a.png">
+<p>Pale greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Found in North America along the Gulf Coast and on the Atlantic
+Coast north to Virginia and casually farther.</p>
+
+<p>This is one of the largest of the Terns,
+is 14 inches long, has a short, thick, black
+bill and a short slightly forked tail; the
+crown is black, mantle pearly gray, white
+below. This species is very widely distributed,
+being found in Europe, Australia,
+Asia and Africa. They are known
+locally as "Marsh Terns" where they
+breed in immense numbers on some of
+the marshes about the Gulf, particularly
+in Texas. They also breed on many of
+the islands along the Coast, rarely making
+any nest, but laying the eggs in a
+hollow in the sand. They nest most
+abundantly in the latter part of May,
+generally laying three eggs. They are
+of a yellowish, grayish or greenish buff
+color and are spotted with brown and lilac. Size 1.80 &times; 1.30. Data.--Northampton
+Co., Va., May 28, 1882. Three eggs laid on a mass of seaweed on marsh
+above tide water.</p>
+
+<p>64. <span class="sc">Caspian Tern.</span> <i>Sterna caspia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Like the preceding species, this bird is nearly cosmopolitan in its
+range, in North America breeding from the Gulf Coast and Texas northward
+to the Arctic Regions.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 340px"><img alt=""
+src="images/052b.png">
+<p>Grayish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This beautiful bird is the largest of the Tern family, being about 22 inches in
+length, with the tail forked about 1.5 inches. The bill is large, heavy and
+bright red; the crest, with which this and the next three species are adorned,
+is black. The mantle is pale
+pearl and the under parts
+white. These Terns sometimes
+nest in large colonies
+and then again only a few
+pairs will be found on an
+island. In Texas, the breeding
+season commences in
+May, it being later in the
+more northern breeding
+grounds. They may be regarded
+as largely eastern
+birds, as while they are common
+in the interior of the
+country, they are rarely found
+on the Pacific Coast. Two or
+three eggs constitute a complete
+set; these are laid on
+the sand in a slight hollow scooped out by the birds. They vary from gray to
+greenish buff, marked with brown and lilac. Size 2.60 &times; 1.75. Data.--Hat Island,
+Lake Michigan, July 1, 1896. No nest. Two eggs in a hollow in the
+gravel. Fully a thousand terns nesting on about one acre. Collector, Charles
+L. Cass.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_51" id="Page_51"></a> 51
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/053a.png">
+<p>Gull-billed Tern.<br>
+Caspian Tern.<br>
+Royal Tern.</p></div>
+
+<p>65. <span class="sc">Royal Tern.</span> <i>Sterna maxima.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North and South America,
+breeding in the United States locally from Texas
+and the Gulf States northward to the northern
+boundary of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/053b.png">
+<p>Grayish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Royal Terns nest in great numbers on the
+coasts and islands on the South Atlantic and
+Gulf States and in the marshes of southern Texas.
+Like the former species they lay two or three
+eggs in a hollow on the bare sand. The eggs are
+the same size but differ in being more pointed
+and having a lighter ground and with the markings
+more bold and distinct. Size 2.60 &times; 1.70.</p>
+
+<p>66. <span class="sc">Elegant Tern.</span> <i>Sterna elegans.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/053c.png">
+<p>Cream color.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific Coast of South and Central
+America; north to California in summer.</p>
+
+<p>A similar bird to the Royal Tern, but easily
+distinguished by its smaller size,
+slender bill, and more graceful
+form. In the breeding plumage
+the under parts of these Terns
+are tinged with rosy, which
+probably first gave the birds
+their name. They breed on the
+coasts and islands of Mexico and
+Central America, placing their
+eggs on the sand. They are believed
+to lay but a single egg,
+like that of the Royal Tern, but
+smaller. Size 2.40 &times; 1.40. Data.--Honduras,
+Central America,
+June 5, 1899. Single egg laid on
+the sandy beach.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/053mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_52" id="Page_52"></a> 52
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/054ml.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/054a.png">
+<p>Elegant Tern.<br>
+Cabot's Tern.</p></div>
+
+<p>67. <span class="sc">Cabot Tern.</span> <i>Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A tropical species breeding regularly
+north to the Bahamas and Florida; casually
+farther north.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/054b.png">
+<p>Cream color.</p></div>
+
+<p>A beautiful bird distinguished
+from the three preceding ones by its smaller size
+(sixteen inches) and by the bill which is black
+with a yellow tip. They nest in colonies on the
+shores of islands in the West Indies and Bahamas,
+but not to a great extent on the United States
+Coast. Their two or three eggs have a creamy
+ground color, and are boldly marked with brown
+and black. Size 2.10 &times; 1.40.</p>
+
+<p>68. <span class="sc">Trudeau's Tern.</span> <i>Sterna trudeaui.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South America; accidentally along the coast of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>A rare and unique species with a form similar to the following, but with the
+coloration entirely different. About fifteen inches in length; tail long and
+deeply forked; bill yellow with a band of black about the middle. Whole head
+pure white, shading into the pearly color of the upper and under parts. A
+narrow band of black through the eye and over the ear coverts. A very rare
+species that is supposed to breed in southern South America. Given a place
+among North American birds on the strength of a specimen seen by Audubon
+off Long Island.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_53" id="Page_53"></a> 53
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/055a.png">
+<p>Forsters Tern.<br>
+Common Tern.</p></div>
+
+<p>69. <span class="sc">Forster's Tern.</span> <i>Sterna forsteri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North America, breeding
+from Manitoba, Mass., and California, south to
+the Gulf Coast and Texas.</p>
+
+<p>Length about fifteen inches; tail long and deeply
+forked; crown black, back and wings pearl and
+under parts white. Bill orange red. This species
+and the three following are the most graceful
+of birds in appearance and flight. Their movements
+can only be likened to those of the Swallows,
+from which they get the name of "Sea Swallows."
+Their food consists of fish, which they
+get by diving, and marine insects. They breed by
+thousands in the marshes from Manitoba to Texas
+and along the South Atlantic coast. The eggs are
+laid in a hollow on the dry grassy portions of the
+islands or marshes. They generally lay three
+eggs and rarely four. They are buffy or brownish
+spotted with dark brown and lilac. Size 1.80 &times; 1.30.
+Data.--Cobb's Island, Va., June 8, 1887. Eggs in a hollow on grassy
+bank. Collector, F. H. Judson.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/055b.png">
+<p>Brownish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>70. <span class="sc">Common Tern.</span> <i>Sterna hirundo.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding both on the coast and in the interior
+from the Gulf States northward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt=""
+src="images/055c.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This bird differs from the preceding chiefly in having a bright red bill tipped
+with black, and the under parts washed with pearl. These are the most common
+Terns on the New England coast, nesting
+abundantly from Virginia to Newfoundland.
+These beautiful Terns, together with
+others of the family, were formerly killed
+by thousands for millinery purposes, but the
+practice is now being rapidly stopped. In
+May and June they lay their three, or sometimes
+four eggs on the ground as do the
+other Terns. They are similar to the preceding
+species but average shorter. Data.--Duck
+Is., Maine, June 30, 1896. Three eggs
+in marsh grass about fifty feet from beach.
+No nest. Collector, C. A. Reed.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/055mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_54" id="Page_54"></a> 54
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/056ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>71. <span class="sc">Arctic Tern.</span> <i>Sterna paradisaea.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/056a.png">
+<p>Arctic Tern.<br>
+Roseate Tern.<br>
+Aleutian Tern.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere, breeding from
+New England northward to the Arctic Regions
+and wintering south to California and the South
+Atlantic States. A similar bird to the last, differing
+in having the bill wholly red and the feet being
+smaller and weak for the size of the bird. A
+more northern bird than the last, breeding abundantly
+in Alaska, both on the coast and in the interior.
+In the southern limits of its breeding
+range, it nests in company with the Common
+Tern, its nests and eggs being indistinguishable
+from the latter. When their nesting grounds are
+approached, all the birds arise like a great white
+cloud, uttering their harsh, discordant "tearrr,
+tearrr," while now and then an individual, bolder
+than the rest, will swoop close by with an angry
+"crack." On the whole they are timid birds, keeping
+well out of reach. The nesting season is
+early in June. Eggs like the preceding. Data.--Little
+Duck Is., Me., June 29, 1896. Three eggs
+in a slight hollow on the beach, three feet above
+high water mark.</p>
+
+<p>72. <span class="sc">Roseate Tern.</span> <i>Sterna dougalli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North America on the east
+coast, breeding from New England to the Gulf.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/056b.png">
+<p>Grayish or Brownish.</p></div>
+
+<p>These are the most beautiful birds, having a
+delicate pink blush on the under parts during
+the breeding season; the tail is very long and deeply forked, the outer feathers
+being over five inches longer than the middle ones; the bill is red with a
+black tip. They nest in large colonies on the islands from Southern New England
+southward, placing the nests in the short grass, generally without any
+lining. They lay two or three eggs which are indistinguishable from the
+two preceding species.</p>
+
+<p>73. <span class="sc">Aleutian Tern.</span> <i>Sterna aleutica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Found in summer in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands.</p>
+
+<p>South in winter to Japan. This handsome Tern is of the form and size
+of the Common Tern, but has a darker mantle, and the forehead is white,
+leaving a black line from the bill to the eye. They nest on islands off the coast
+of Alaska, sometimes together with the Arctic Tern. The eggs are laid upon
+the bare ground or moss, and are similar to the Arctic Terns, but average narrower.
+They are two or three in number and are laid in June and July. Size
+1.70 &times; 1.15. Data.--Stuart Is., Alaska. Three eggs in a slight hollow in the moss.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_55" id="Page_55"></a> 55
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/057a.png">
+<p>Least Tern.<br>
+Sooty Tern.</p></div>
+
+<p>74. <span class="sc">Least Tern.</span> <i>Sterna antillarum.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--From northern South America to
+southern New England, Dakota and California,
+breeding locally throughout its range.</p>
+
+<p>These little Sea Swallows are the smallest of
+the Terns, being but 9 inches in length. They
+have a yellow bill with a black tip, a black crown
+and nape, and white forehead. Although small,
+these little Terns lose none of the grace and beauty
+of action of their larger relatives.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/057b.png">
+<p>Light buff.</p></div>
+
+<p> They nest
+in colonies on the South Atlantic and Gulf Coasts,
+placing their eggs upon the bare sand, where they
+are sometimes very difficult to see among the
+shells and pebbles. They are of a grayish or
+buffy color spotted with umber and lilac. They
+number two, three and rarely four, and are laid
+in May and June. Size 1.25 &times; .95. Data.--DeSota
+Beach, Fla., May 20, 1884. Three eggs laid on
+the sandy beach. Collector, Chas. Graham.</p>
+<br><br><br>
+<p>75. <span class="sc">Sooty Tern.</span> <i>Sterna fuscata.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt=""
+src="images/057c.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical America, north to the South
+Atlantic States. This species measures 17 inches
+in length; it has a brownish black mantle, wings
+and tail, except the outer feathers of the latter which are white; the forehead
+and under parts are white, the crown and a line from the eye to the bill, black.
+This tropical species is very numerous at
+its breeding grounds on the small islands
+of the Florida Keys and the West Indies.
+They lay but a single egg, generally placing
+it on the bare ground, or occasionally
+building a frail nest of grasses. The egg
+has a pinkish white or creamy ground
+and is beautifully sprinkled with spots of
+reddish brown and lilac. They are laid
+during May. Size 2.05 &times; 1.45. Data.--Clutheria
+Key, Bahamas, May 28, 1891.
+Single egg laid on bare ground near water.
+Collector, D. P. Ingraham.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/057mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_56" id="Page_56"></a> 56
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/058ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/058a.png">
+<p>Black Tern.<br>
+Noddy.<br>
+Black Skimmer.</p></div>
+
+<p>76. <span class="sc">Bridled Tern.</span> <i>Sterna anaetheta.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Found in tropical regions of both hemispheres;
+casual or accidental in Florida. This
+Tern is similar to the last except that the nape
+is white and the white of the forehead extends
+in a line over the eye.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt=""
+src="images/058b.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p> The Bridled Tern is common
+on some of the islands of the West Indies
+and the Bahamas, nesting in company with the
+Sooty Terns and Noddies. The single egg is laid
+on the seashore or among the rocks. It is creamy
+white beautifully marked with brown and lilac.
+Size 1.85 &times; 1.25. Data.--Bahamas, May 9, 1892.
+Single egg laid in a cavity among the rocks. Collector,
+D. P. Ingraham.</p>
+
+
+<p>77. <span class="sc">Black Tern.</span> <i>Hydrochelidon nigra surinamensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate America, breeding from the
+middle portions of the United States northward
+to Alaska; south in winter beyond the United
+States Border.</p>
+
+<p>The identity of these Terns cannot be mistaken.
+They are but ten inches in length; the whole head, neck and under parts are
+black; the back, wings and tail are slaty and the under tail coverts are white.
+Their dainty figure with their long slender wings gives them a grace and airiness,
+if possible, superior to other species of the family.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt=""
+src="images/058c.png">
+<p>Deep greenish brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>They are very active
+and besides feeding upon all manner of marine
+crustacea, they capture many insects in the air.
+They nest in large colonies in marshes, both along
+the coast and in the interior, making a nest of
+decayed reeds and grasses, or often laying their
+eggs upon rafts of decayed vegetation which are
+floating on the water. The nesting season commences
+in May, they laying three eggs of a brownish
+or greenish color, very heavily blotched with
+blackish brown. Size 1.35 &times; .95. Data.--Winnebago
+City, Minn., May 31, 1901. Three eggs. Nest
+made of a mass of weeds and rushes floating on
+water in a swamp. Collector, R. H. Bullis.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_57" id="Page_57"></a> 57
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt=""
+src="images/059a.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+<p>78. <span class="sc">White-winged Black Tern.</span> <i>Hydrochelidon leucoptera.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern Hemisphere, its addition to American
+birds being made because of the accidental
+appearance of one bird in Wisconsin in 1873. They
+nest very abundantly among the lakes and marshes
+of southern Europe, placing their
+eggs the same as the American species,
+upon masses of decayed reeds
+and stalks.</p><br><br><br>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 340px"><img alt=""
+src="images/059b.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>They lay three eggs
+which have a somewhat brighter
+appearance than the common Black
+Terns because of a somewhat lighter
+ground color.</p>
+
+<p>79. <span class="sc">Noddy.</span> <i>Anous stolidus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical America, north to the
+Gulf and South Atlantic States.</p><br><br><br>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/059c.png">
+<p>Noddy.</p></div>
+
+<p>A peculiar
+but handsome bird (about fifteen inches long),
+with a silvery white head and the rest of the
+plumage brownish, and the tail rounded.</p>
+
+
+<p>They breed in abundance on some of the Florida
+Keys, the West Indies and the Bahamas.</p>
+
+<p>Their nests are made of sticks and grass, and
+are placed either in trees or on the ground.
+They lay but a single egg with a buffy or
+cream colored ground spotted with chestnut
+and lilac. Size 2.00 &times; 1.30. Atwood's Key,
+Bahamas, June 1, 1891. Nest made of sticks
+and grasses, three feet up a mangrove. Collector,
+D. P. Ingraham.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/059deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/059mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_58" id="Page_58"></a> 58
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+
+<p><img alt="" src="images/060ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>SKIMMERS. Family RYNCHOPID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>Skimmers are Tern-like birds having a very strangely developed bill. The
+lower mandible is much longer than the upper and very thin, the upper edge
+being as sharp as the lower. The lower mandible is rounded at the end while
+the upper is more pointed. Young Skimmers are said to have both mandibles
+of the same length, the abnormal development not appearing until after flight.
+Skimmers are very graceful birds, and, as implied by their name, they skim
+over the surface of the water, rising and falling with the waves, and are said
+to pick up their food by dropping the lower mandible below the surface, its thin
+edge cutting the water like a knife. There are four species of Skimmers, only
+one of which is found in North America.</p>
+
+<p>80. <span class="sc">Black Skimmer.</span> <i>Rynchops nigra.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 250px"><img alt=""
+src="images/060.png">
+<p>Buffy yellow.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--The South Atlantic and Gulf Coasts, breeding from New Jersey
+southward. The Black Skimmer is about eighteen inches in length, and besides
+the remarkable bill is a bird of striking plumage; the forehead, ends of
+the secondaries, tail feathers and under parts are white; the rest of the plumage
+is black and the basal half of the bill is crimson. Skimmers nest in large
+communities, the same as do the Terns, laying their eggs in hollows in the
+sand. They are partially nocturnal in their
+habits and their hoarse barking cries may
+be heard after the shadows of night have
+enveloped the earth. Fishermen call them
+by the names of "Cut-water" and "Sea Dog."
+The nesting season commences in May and
+continues through June and July. They lay
+from three to five eggs, having a creamy
+or yellowish buff ground, blotched with
+black, chestnut and lilac. Size 1.75 &times; 1.30.
+Data.--Cobb's Is., Va., June 8, 1894. Three
+eggs laid in a hollow on the beach. No
+nest.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_59" id="Page_59"></a> 59
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>TUBE-NOSED SWIMMERS. Order III. TUBINARES.</h2>
+
+<h3>ALBATROSSES. Family DIOMEDEIDAE</h3>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt=""
+src="images/061.png">
+<p>Black-footed Albatross.<br>
+Short-tailed Albatross.</p></div>
+<p>Albatrosses are the largest of the sea birds and have an enormous expanse
+of wing, the Wandering Albatross, the largest of the family, sometimes attaining
+an expanse of fourteen feet. Their nostrils consist of two slightly projecting
+tubes, one on each side near the base of the bill. They are unsurpassed
+in powers of flight, but are only fair swimmers and rarely, if ever, dive, getting
+their food, which consists of dead animal matter, from the surface of the water.</p>
+
+<p>81. <span class="sc">Black-footed Albatross.</span> <i>Diomedea nigripes.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<p>Range.--North Pacific from California northward.
+This Albatross is thirty-two inches in
+length; it is of a uniform sooty brown color shading
+into whitish at the base of the bill, which is
+rounded. Like the other members of the family,
+this species is noted for its extended flights, following
+vessels day after day without any apparent
+period of rest, for the purpose of feeding on the
+refuse that is thrown overboard. They breed
+during our winter on some of the small isolated
+islands in the extreme southern portions of the
+globe. They lay a single white egg on the bare
+ground.</p>
+
+<p>82. <span class="sc">Short-tailed Albatross.</span> <i>Diomedea albatrus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Pacific Ocean in summer, from
+Lower California to Alaska. With the exception
+of the Wandering Albatross, which is now regarded
+as doubtful as occurring off our coasts, the
+Short-tailed Albatross is one of the largest of
+the group, measuring thirty-six inches in length,
+and has an extent of seven feet or more. With
+the exception of the black primaries, shoulders
+and tail, the entire plumage is white, tinged with
+straw color on the back of the head. They breed
+on the guano islands in the North Pacific off the
+coasts of Alaska and Japan. They lay a single
+white egg on the bare ground or rocks. As with
+the other members of the family, the eggs are
+extremely variable in size, but average about
+4.25 &times; 2.50.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/061mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_60" id="Page_60"></a> 60
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/062ml.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>82.1. <span class="sc">Laysan Albatross.</span> <i>Diomedea immutabilis.</i></p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/062.png">
+<p>Laysan Albatross.<br>
+Yellow-nosed Albatross.<br>
+Sooty Albatross.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Laysan Island of the Hawaiian Group,
+appearing casually off the coast of California.
+This species breeds in large numbers on the island
+from which it takes its name. The birds are
+white with the exception of the back, wings and
+tail, which are black. The birds, having been little
+molested in their remote island, are exceedingly
+tame, and it is possible to go among the sitting
+birds without disturbing them. Mr. Walter K.
+Fisher has contributed an admirable report on
+this species in the 1913 Bulletin of the Fish Commission,
+the report being illustrated with numerous
+illustrations of the birds from photos by the
+author. Their single white eggs are laid on the
+bare ground.</p>
+
+<p>83. <span class="sc">Yellow-nosed Albatross.</span> <i>Thalassogeron culminatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is a species which inhabits the South Pacific
+and Indian Oceans, and is said to rarely occur
+on the California coast. They breed during
+our winter on some of the small islands and during
+our summer are ocean wanderers. An egg in
+the collection of Col. John E. Thayer was taken on
+Gough Island, South Atlantic Ocean; Sept. 1st,
+1888. The nest was a mound of mud and grass
+about two feet in height. The single white egg
+measured 3.75 &times; 2.25. It was collected by George
+Comer.</p>
+
+<p>84. <span class="sc">Sooty Albatross.</span> <i>Phoebetria-palpebrata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern seas, north in our summer along the Pacific coast of the
+United States.</p>
+
+<p>This species is entirely sooty brown except the white eyelids. It is similar
+to the Black-footed Albatross from which species it can be distinguished in
+all plumages by the narrow base of the bill, while the bill of the former species
+is broad and rounded. They breed commonly on isolated islands in many
+quarters of the southern hemisphere. Sometimes this species constructs a
+mound of mud on which to deposit its single white egg, and also often lays
+it on the bare ground or rock. A specimen in Mr. Thayer's collection, taken
+by Geo. Comer on So. Georgia Is. in the South Atlantic ocean, was laid in a
+hollow among loose stones on the ledge of an overhanging cliff. Size 4.10 &times;
+2.75.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_61" id="Page_61"></a> 61
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/063.png"><br>
+EGG OF SOOTY ALBATROSS--White.</p>
+
+<br><br>
+
+<h2>FULMARS, SHEARWATERS and PETRELS</h2>
+<h3>Family PROCELLARIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>Fulmars, Shearwaters and Petrels are Gull-like birds with two nostril tubes
+located side by side, in a single tube, on the top of the bill at its base.</p>
+
+<p>The Fulmars are mostly northern birds while the majority of the Shearwaters
+nest in the extreme south during our winter, and appear off our coasts
+during the summer. Their food consists of fish or offal which they get from
+the surface of the water; large flocks of them hover about fishermen, watching
+their chance to get any food which falls, or is thrown, overboard.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/063deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/063mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_62" id="Page_62"></a> 62
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/064ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/064a.png">
+<p>Fulmar.</p></div>
+<p>85. <span class="sc">Giant Fulmar.</span> <i>Macronectes gigantea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This Petrel is a native of the southern
+seas and is only casually met with off the
+Pacific coast.</p>
+
+<p>It is the largest of the family, being about
+three feet in length, and is normally a uniform
+sooty color, although it has light phases of
+plumage. They nest in December on many of
+the islands south of Africa and South America,
+laying their single white egg on the bare rocks.</p>
+
+<p>86. <span class="sc">Fulmar.</span> <i>Fulmarus glacialis glacialis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic coasts from New
+England northward, breeding from Hudson
+Bay and southern Greenland northward.</p>
+
+<p>This bird which is 19 inches in length, in the light phase has a plumage
+very similar to that of the larger Gulls. They nest by thousands on rocky
+islands of the north, often in company with Murres and Gulls. Owing to the
+filthy habits of the Fulmars, these breeding grounds always have a nauseating
+odor, which is also imparted to, and retained by the egg shell. Their
+single white eggs are laid on the bare rocks, in crevices of the cliffs, often
+hundreds of feet above the water. Size 2.90 &times; 2.00. Data.--St. Kilda, off Scotland.
+June 5, 1897. Single egg laid on rock on side of sea cliff. Collector, Angus
+Gillies.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/064b.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_63" id="Page_63"></a> 63
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/065.png">
+<p>Pacific Fulmar.<br>
+Slender-billed Fulmar.</p></div>
+<p>86b. <span class="sc">Pacific Fulmar.</span> <i>Fulmarus glacialis glupischa.</i></p>
+
+<p>This sub-species of the preceding, has a darker
+mantle than the common Fulmar; it is found on
+the northern Pacific coasts where it breeds on
+the high rocky cliffs, the same as its eastern
+relative. They nest in large colonies, every
+crevice in the rocks having its tenant. Their
+flight is graceful like that of the Gulls, which
+they closely resemble. They lay but a single
+white egg, the average dimensions of which are
+slightly smaller than those of the common Fulmar.
+Data.--Copper Is., Alaska. May 14, 1889.
+Egg laid in a crevice among the cliffs.</p>
+
+<p>86.1. <span class="sc">Rodger's Fulmar.</span> <i>Fulmarus rodgers.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Pacific, breeding in large numbers
+on some of the islands in Bering Sea; south
+to California in winter. Very similar to the two
+preceding species except that the back is mixed
+with whitish, it is not believed to have a dark
+phase. Their breeding habits and eggs do not
+differ from the common Fulmar. The eggs are
+laid on the rocky cliffs during June.</p>
+
+<p>87. <span class="sc">Slender-billed Fulmar.</span> <i>Priocella glacialoides.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern seas, appearing on the Pacific coast of the United States
+in the summer. This species has a paler mantle than the others of the family,
+and the primaries are black. The make-up and plumage of the whole bird is
+more like that of the Gulls than any of the others. They probably breed in
+the far south during our winter, although we have no definite data relative
+to their nesting habits.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/065deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/065mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_64" id="Page_64"></a> 64
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/066ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/066a.png">
+<p>Cory Shearwater.<br>
+Greater Shearwater.</p></div>
+
+<p>88. <span class="sc">Cory's Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffinus borealis.</i></p>
+
+<p>This species probably breeds in the far south.
+It has been found only off the coast of Massachusetts
+and Long Island. This is the largest
+of our Shearwaters, and can be distinguished from
+the next species by its wholly white underparts,
+its light mantle and yellowish bill. We have no
+data relative to its nesting habits.</p>
+
+<p>89. <span class="sc">Greater Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffinus gravis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The whole of the Atlantic Ocean.</p>
+
+<p>Thousands of them spend the latter part of the
+summer off the New England coast, where they
+are known to the fishermen as Haglets. Their
+upper parts are brownish gray, darker on the
+wings; bill and feet dark; underparts white, with
+the middle of the belly and the under tail covers
+dusky. Length about 20 inches. Little is
+known concerning their nesting quarters, although
+they are said to breed in Greenland.
+From the fact of their early appearance off the
+New England coast it is probable that the greater
+part of them nest in the far south.</p>
+
+<p>90. <span class="sc">Manx Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffinus puffinus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This species inhabits the North Atlantic ocean
+chiefly on the European side, being abundant in
+the Mediterranean and in the British Isles.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/066b.png">
+<p>Audubon's Shearwater.</p></div>
+
+<p>Thesebirds deposit their single pure white eggs in
+crevices among the cliffs, on the ground or in
+burrows dug by themselves. Size of egg 2.35
+&times; 1.60. Data.--Isle of Hay, North Scotland.
+June 1, 1893. Single egg laid at the end of a
+three foot burrow.</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/066c.png">
+<p>Egg of Audubon's Shearwater--White.</p></div>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_65" id="Page_65"></a> 65
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>91. <span class="sc">Pink-footed Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffinus creatopus.</i></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/067.png">
+<p>Pink-footed Shearwater.<br>
+Black-vented Shearwater.<br>
+Townsend's Shearwater.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Pacific Ocean, north on American side
+to California in summer.</p>
+
+<p>This species, whose breeding habits are little
+known, is similar in size and color to the Greater
+Shearwater, differing chiefly in the yellowish bill
+and pinkish colored feet.</p>
+
+<p>92. <span class="sc">Audubon's Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffinus lherminieri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Middle Atlantic, ranging north in late
+summer to Long Island.</p>
+
+<p>This bird, having a length of but twelve inches,
+is the smallest of the Shearwaters found along our
+coasts. Large colonies of them breed on some
+of the small islands and keys of the West Indies
+and Bahamas, and not so commonly in the Bermudas.
+Their eggs, which are pure white, are deposited
+at the end of burrows dug by the birds.
+Size of egg 2.00 &times; 1.35. Their nesting season commences
+about the latter part of March and continues
+through April and May. After the young
+are able to fly, like other members of the family,
+the birds become ocean wanderers and stray
+north to southern New England. Data.--Bahamas,
+April 13, 1891. Single egg laid at the end of a
+burrow about two feet in length. Collector, D.
+P. Ingraham.</p>
+
+<p>92.1. <span class="sc">Allied Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffinus assimilis.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is an Australian and New Zealand species
+that has accidentally strayed to the shores of
+Nova Scotia.</p>
+
+<p>93. <span class="sc">Black-vented Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffinus opisthomelas.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Middle Pacific coast of the Americas, north in late summer along
+the coast of California. This species breeds commonly on the islands off the
+coast of Lower California, especially on the Gulf side. Their single egg is
+white, size 2.00 &times; 1.30, and is located at the end of a burrow. Data.--Natividad
+Is., Lower California, April 10, 1897. Single egg laid on the sand at the
+end of a burrow six feet in length. Collector, A. W. Anthony.</p>
+
+<p>93.1. <span class="sc">Townsend's Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffinus auricularis.</i></p>
+
+<p>This bird ranges from Cape St. Lucas, south along the Pacific coast of Mexico,
+breeding on the Revillagigedo Islands off the Mexican coast.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/067mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_66" id="Page_66"></a> 66
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/068a.png">
+<p>Sooty Shearwater.</p></div>
+<p>94. <span class="sc">Sooty Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffins fuliginosus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A common species off the Atlantic
+coast in summer; breeds along our northern
+coasts, and it is also supposed that many of
+them nest in southern seas and reach our
+coasts early in the summer. These Shearwaters
+are entirely sooty gray, being somewhat
+lighter below. They are called "black
+haglets" by the fishermen, whose vessels they
+follow in the hope of procuring bits of refuse.
+They commonly nest in burrows in the ground,
+but are also said to build in fissures among
+the ledges. Their single white egg measures
+2.55 &times; 1.75. Data.--Island in Ungava Bay,
+northern Labrador, June 14, 1896. Egg laid in
+a fissure of a sea cliff. Collector, A. N. McFord.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/068ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/068b.png">
+<p>Dark-bodied Shearwater.<br>
+Slender-billed Shearwater.</p></div>
+<p>95. <span class="sc">Dark-bodied Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffinus griseus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is a southern species which, after having
+nested on islands in the far south during
+our winter, comes north and appears off the
+Pacific coast of the United States during the
+summer. It is a similar bird to the Sooty Shearwater,
+but is considerably darker and the under
+coverts are whitish. Their nesting habits are
+the same as those of other members of the family.
+Size of egg, 2.40 &times; 1.65. Data.--Stewart's
+Island, New Zealand, February 15, 1896. Single
+egg at the end of a long burrow.</p>
+
+<p>96. <span class="sc">Slender-billed Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffinus tenuirostris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Pacific Ocean in the summer,
+extending from Japan and Alaska southward.
+Supposed to breed in the southern hemisphere,
+as well as probably on some of the Aleutians
+in Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>96.1. <span class="sc">Wedge-tailed Shearwater.</span> <i>Puffinus cuneatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Pacific, breeding on the Revillagigedo
+Islands off the coast of Mexico, and
+probably on some of the small islands in the
+Gulf of California.</p>
+
+<p>97. <span class="sc">Black-tailed Shearwater.</span> <i>Priofinus cinerus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is a Shearwater which inhabits the southern
+hemisphere, but which has accidentally wandered
+to the Pacific coast of the United States.
+It is dark above and whitish below, with black
+under tail coverts. It breeds in the far south.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_67" id="Page_67"></a> 67
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/069.png">
+<p>Black-capped Petrel.<br>
+Scaled Petrel.<br>
+Fisher's Petrel.</p></div>
+<p>98. <span class="sc">Black-capped Petrel.</span> <i>&AElig;strelata hasitata.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is not a common species; it is an inhabitant
+of tropical seas and has only been casually
+found on our coasts or inland. It is a handsome
+species with white forehead, underparts and nape
+with a small isolated black cap on the crown;
+the rest of the upper parts are blackish. It is a
+native of the West Indies.</p>
+
+<p>99. <span class="sc">Scaled Petrel.</span> <i>&AElig;strelata scalaris.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is another rare species which is an inhabitant
+of southern seas. A single specimen
+taken in New York State gives it a claim as a
+doubtful North American species. It is a handsome
+bird, the feathers of the grayish upperparts
+being edged with white, thus giving it the appearance
+of being barred. Its eggs have only been
+known to science within the past few years.
+Data.--Preservation Inlet, New Zealand, June 7,
+1900. Single white egg. Size 2.40 &times; 1.75. Collector,
+P. Seymour. Parent bird taken with the egg.</p>
+
+<p>100. <span class="sc">Fisher's Petrel.</span> <i>&AElig;stralata fisheri.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is a handsome bird known only from the
+type specimen taken off Kadiak Is., Alaska, by
+Mr. Fisher.</p>
+
+<p>101. <span class="sc">Bulwer's Petrel.</span> <i>Bulweria bulweri.</i></p>
+
+<p>An eastern Atlantic species which is only an accidental visitant to our
+shores. They breed on the Madeira Islands where the eggs are laid in crevices
+among the rocks or in burrows in the ground. Size 1.75 &times; 1.55, white.</p>
+
+<p>102. <span class="sc">Pintado Petrel.</span> <i>Daption capensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is the Cape Pigeon of the southern hemisphere. It has only accidentally
+occurred on our coast.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/069mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_68" id="Page_68"></a> 68
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/070ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/070a.png">
+<p>Least Petrel.<br>
+Stormy Petrel.<br>
+Forked-tailed Petrel.</p></div>
+
+<p>103. <span class="sc">Least Petrel.</span> <i>Halocyptena microsoma.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of America from Lower
+California to Panama. The Least Petrel is the
+smallest of this family, in length measuring only
+5.75 inches. Their plumage is entirely dark
+sooty. They have been found breeding on San
+Benito Island, Lower California, and they probably
+do on others farther south. The single egg
+that this bird lays is white with a wreath of fine
+black specks around one and sometimes both
+ends. Data.--San Benito Is., Lower California,
+June 12, 1897. No nest, the egg being simply
+laid on the bare rock in a crevice. Size 1.00
+&times; .75. Collector, A. W. Anthony.</p>
+
+<p>104. <span class="sc">Storm Petrel.</span> <i>Thalassidroma pelagica.</i></p>
+
+<p>North Atlantic Ocean chiefly on the European
+side, wintering south to New Brunswick. Smallest
+of the white rumped, black petrels; 5.75
+inches in length.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/070b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is the originally
+called "Mother
+Cary's Chicken" by the
+sailors. They nest abundantly
+on many of the islands
+off the coasts of
+Europe and the British
+Isles, laying their single
+egg either in burrows or crevices among the cliffs.
+Data.--Coast of County Kerry, Ireland, June 1,
+1895. Single egg laid at the end of burrow in a
+sea cliff. Size 1.05 &times; .80; white with a wreath of
+very fine dots about the larger end. Collector,
+G. H. McDonald.</p>
+
+<p>105. <span class="sc">Forked-tailed Petrel.</span> <i>Oceanodroma furcata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Pacific from California to Alaska, breeding in the Aleutians.</p>
+
+<p>These birds have a plumage of bluish gray, the wings being darker and the
+underparts lightest. The nests are made in burrows or crevices in the banks.
+Data.--Uniak Is., Alaska, June 10, 1900. No nest. Single egg laid at the
+end of a burrow. Several pairs nesting near. Egg white with a fine wreath
+of purplish black specks about the large end. Size 1.25 &times; .95.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/070deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_69" id="Page_69"></a> 69
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/071a.png">
+<p>K&aelig;ding's Petrel.<br>
+Leach's Petrel.<br>
+Guadalupe Petrel.</p></div>
+<p>105.2. <span class="sc">K&aelig;ding's Petrel.</span> <i>Oceanodroma k&aelig;dingi.</i></p>
+
+<p>This bird is similar to Leach Petrel, but is
+smaller and the tail is less deeply forked. Its
+range is from California to Panama breeding
+on the Revillagigedo Islands off Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>106. <span class="sc">Leach's Petrel.</span> <i>Oceanodroma leucorhoa.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic and North Pacific
+Oceans, breeding from Maine and from the
+Farallones, northward to Greenland and the Aleutians.</p>
+
+<p>These are the most common of the Petrels
+found on our coast; they are eight inches in
+length, of a sooty brown color, and have a white
+rump. The forked tail will at once distinguish
+them from any of the Atlantic Petrels. They
+nest in burrows in the ground, laying a pure
+white egg, sometimes with a very faint dusty
+wreath about the larger end. Size 1.20 &times; .95.
+These birds generally take turns in the task of
+incubation, one remaining at sea during the day
+and returning at night while his mate takes her
+turn roving the briny deep in search of food.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/071b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>The young are fed by
+regurgitation upon an oily
+fluid which has a very offensive
+odor. This odor
+is always noticeable about
+an island inhabited by
+Petrels and is always retained
+by the eggs or skins
+of these birds. They are very rarely seen flying in the vicinity of their nesting
+island during the day; the bird that is on the nest will remain until removed
+by hand. Data.--Pumpkin Is., Maine, June 22, 1893. Single egg; nest
+of a few grasses at the end of a burrow dug in the bank. Collector, J. Lefavour.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/071c.png">
+<p>White, nest stained.</p></div>
+
+<p>106.1 <span class="sc">Guadalupe Petrel.</span> <i>Oceanodroma macrodactyla.</i></p>
+
+<p>This species, which is very similar to the preceding, except for a longer
+and more deeply forked tail, breeds on Guadalupe
+Is. Their eggs are white very minutely wreathed
+with reddish brown; they are, however, nearly always
+nest stained to an uneven brownish color.
+Data.--Guadalupe Is., Lower California, March 24,
+1897. Single egg laid on a few oak leaves and pine
+needles at the end of a three foot burrow. Size of
+egg 1.40 &times; 1.00. Collector, A. W. Anthony.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/071mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_70" id="Page_70"></a> 70
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/072ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+      <div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/072a.png">
+<p>Black Petrel.<br>
+Ashy Petrel.</p></div>
+<p>107. <span class="sc">Black Petrel.</span> <i>Oceanodroma melania.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Pacific, from southern California
+southward, breeding on the small islands on
+both coasts of Lower California. They are similar
+to the Leach's Petrel except that the rump is
+blackish. Data.--San Benito Is., Lower California,
+July 23, 1896. White egg laid on bare ground
+at the end of three foot burrow. Size 1.40 &times; 1.
+Collector, A. W. Anthony.</p>
+
+<p>108. <span class="sc">Ashy Petrel.</span> <i>Oceanodroma homochroa.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--California coast, breeding on the Farallones
+and Santa Barbara Islands.</p>
+
+<p>This species, while not common, nests in all
+manner of localities on the Farallones, concealing
+their eggs under any rock or in any crevice
+that may attract their fancy. Their single white
+egg is only faintly if at all wreathed with fine
+dust-like specks of reddish brown. Size 1.15 &times;
+.86. Data.--Farallone Is., California, June 12,
+1895. Egg laid on sand in crevice at the base of
+a stone wall; well concealed. Collector, Chester
+Barlow.</p>
+
+<p>108.1. <span class="sc">Socorro Petrel.</span> <i>Oceanodroma socorroensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Breeds on Socorro, San Benito and Coronado
+Islands, placing its eggs at the end of burrow.
+Data.--San Benito Is., Lower California, July 12,
+1897. Single egg at the end of a burrow 3 feet
+in length. Egg pure white very finely wreathed
+with pale reddish brown. Size 1.15 &times; .87. Collector,
+A. W. Anthony.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/072b.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_71" id="Page_71"></a> 71
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/073a.png">
+<p>Wilson's Petrel.<br>
+White-billed Petrel.<br>
+White-faced Petrel.</p></div>
+<p>109. <span class="sc">Wilson's Petrel.</span> <i>Oceanites oceanicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Breeds in the southern hemisphere in February
+and March and spends the summer off the Atlantic
+coast as far north as Newfoundland. This species
+can be distinguished from Leach Petrel by
+its square tail and from the Stormy Petrel by its
+large size and yellow webs to its feet. These
+birds are the greatest wanderers of the genus,
+being found at different seasons in nearly all
+quarters of the globe. Their single egg is white.
+Size 1.25 &times; .90.</p>
+
+<p>110. <span class="sc">White-bellied Petrel.</span> <i>Fregetta grallaria.</i></p>
+
+<p>A small species (length about 7.5 inches) inhabiting
+southern seas. Recorded once at Florida.
+General plumage blackish. Upper tail coverts,
+bases of tail feathers, under wing coverts,
+and abdomen, white.</p>
+
+<p>111. <span class="sc">White-faced Petrel.</span> <i>Pelagodroma marina.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern seas, accidentally north to
+the coast of Massachusetts. This beautiful species
+is of about the same size as the Leach's
+Petrel. It has bluish gray upper parts; the whole
+under parts, as well as the forehead and sides
+of head, are white.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/073b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds have the same characteristics as do others of the species, pattering
+over the water with their feet as they skim over the crests and
+troughs of the waves. They are not uncommon in the waters about New
+Zealand where they breed. Their single eggs are about the same as Leach's
+Petrel, are brilliant white and are, very strongly, for a Petrel egg, wreathed
+about the large end with dots of reddish brown. Size 1.32 &times; .90. Data.--Chatham
+Is., New Zealand, January 7, 1901. Egg laid at end of a burrow. Collector,
+J. Lobb. This egg is in Mr. Thayer's collection.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/073deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/073mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_72" id="Page_72"></a> 72
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/074ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>TOTIPALMATE SWIMMERS. Order IV. STEGANOPODES</h2>
+
+<h3>TROPIC BIRDS. Family PHAETHONTIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>Tropic Birds are Tern-like birds, having all the toes connected by a web,
+and having the two central tail feathers very much lengthened.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/074a.png">
+<p>Yellow-billed Tropic Bird.<br>
+Red-billed Tropic Bird.</p></div>
+<p>112. <span class="sc">Yellow-billed Tropic Bird.</span> <i>Ph&aelig;thon americanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical regions, breeding in the Bahamas,
+West Indies and the Bermudas, casual in
+Florida and along the South Atlantic coast.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/074b.png">
+<p>Dull purplish.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Tropic Birds are the most strikingly
+beautiful of all the sea birds; they are about 30
+inches in length, of which their long slender tail
+takes about 20 inches. They fly with the ease
+and grace of a Tern, but with quicker wing beats.
+They feed on small fish, which they capture by
+darting down upon, and upon snails which they
+get from the beach and ledges. They build their
+nests in the crevices and along the ledges of the
+rocky cliffs. While gregarious to a certain extent
+they are not nearly as much so as the Terns.
+The nest is made of a mass of seaweed and weeds;
+but one egg is laid, this being of a creamy or pale
+purplish ground color, dotted and sprinkled with
+chestnut, so thickly as to often obscure the
+ground color. Size 2.10 &times; 1.45. Data.--Coney Is.,
+Bermudas, May 1, 1901. Nest made of moss and seaweed in a crevice on
+ledge of cliff. Collector, A. H. Verrill.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/074deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_73" id="Page_73"></a> 73
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>113. <span class="sc">Red-billed Tropic Bird.</span> <i>Ph&aelig;thon &aelig;thereus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical seas, chiefly in the Pacific Ocean; north to southern
+California.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 320px"><img alt="" src="images/075a.png">
+<p>Pale purplish.</p></div>
+<p>They breed on several islands in the Gulf of California. This species differs
+from the preceding in having a red bill, and the back being barred with black.
+Their plumage has a peculiar satiny appearance and is quite dazzling when
+viewed in the sunlight. They
+are strong fliers and are met
+with, hundreds of miles from
+land. They often rest upon the
+water, elevating their long tails
+to keep them from getting wet.
+They nest, as do the preceding
+species, on rocky islands and
+are said to also build their nests
+in trees or upon the ground.
+The single egg that they lay
+has a creamy ground and is minutely
+dotted with chestnut.
+Size 2.40 &times; 1.55. Data.--Daphone
+Is., Galapagos Is., South Pacific, March 6, 1901. Egg laid in hole of a sea cliff.
+The eggs are easily told from those of the yellow-billed by their much larger
+size. Collector, R. H. Beck.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 320px"><img alt="" src="images/075b.png">
+<p>Pale purplish ground color.</p></div>
+<p>113.1 <span class="sc">Red-tailed Tropic Bird.</span> <i>Ph&aelig;thon rubricaudus.</i></p>
+
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical regions of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, accidental off
+the coast of Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This is a singularly beautiful species resembling the latter except that the
+central tail feathers are bright red, with the extreme tips white. During
+August and September they
+breed in large colonies on
+small islands in the South
+Seas. On Mauritius Island
+they build their nests either
+in the trees or place them on
+the ground; the nest is made
+of seaweed, sticks and weeds;
+numbers of them nest on
+Laysan Is., of the Hawaiian
+group, concealing their nests
+on the ground under overhanging
+brush.</p>
+
+<p>The single egg has a pale
+purplish ground speckled
+with brown.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/075mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_74" id="Page_74"></a> 74
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/076ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>GANNETS. Family SULIDAE</h2>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/076a.png">
+<p>Blue-faced Booby.<br>
+Blue-footed Booby.</p></div>
+<p>Gannets are large stoutly built birds, having the four toes joined by a web;
+they have a small naked pouch beneath the bill; the bill is a little longer than
+the head, and the tail is quite short. The plumage of the adults is generally
+white, that of the young grayish.</p>
+
+<p>114. <span class="sc">Blue-faced Booby.</span> <i>Sula syanops.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Widely distributed in the tropical seas,
+north casually to Florida and breeding in the Bahamas.</p>
+
+<p>Like the rest of the Gannets, this one is stupid
+and will often remain on the nest until removed
+with the hand, merely hissing at the intruder.
+Often they lay their eggs on the bare ground, but
+sometimes the nest is lined with seaweed or grass.
+They lay either one or two eggs early in April.
+These eggs are of a dull white color and are heavily
+covered with a chalky deposit. Size 2.50 &times; 1.70.
+Data.--Clarion Is., Mexico, May 24, 1897. Nest
+a mere hollow in the sand near the beach. Collector,
+A. W. Anthony.</p>
+
+<p>114.1. <span class="sc">Blue-footed Booby.</span> <i>Sula nebouxi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coasts and islands from the
+Gulf of California southward to Chili.</p>
+
+<p>These birds nest in numbers on the island of
+San Pedro Martir in the Gulf of California. They
+lay but a single egg, placing it upon the bare
+rock. Their breeding season extends from the
+latter part of March into May. The egg is a dull
+white, generally nest stained and is covered with
+the usual chalky deposit. Size 2.35 &times; 1.60. Data.--Clarion
+Island, Mexico, May 21, 1897. Two eggs
+in a hollow in the sand near the beach. Collector,
+A. W. Anthony.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/076deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_75" id="Page_75"></a> 75
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/077a.png">
+<p>Booby.<br>
+Red-footed Booby.</p></div>
+<p>115. <span class="sc">Booby.</span> <i>Sula leucogastra.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical coasts and islands of the Atlantic;
+north casually to Georgia.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/077b.png">
+<p>Chalky bluish white, nest stained.</p></div>
+
+<p>The common Booby is an abundant bird on
+some of the islands of the Bahamas and Bermudas;
+it is commonly called the Brown Booby because
+the upper parts are of a brownish gray.
+These birds, as do the other Gannets, have great
+powers of flight and without apparent effort dart
+about with the speed of an arrow. They are
+quite awkward upon their feet and are not very
+proficient swimmers. They rarely rest upon the
+water except when tired. Hundreds and sometimes
+thousands of them breed in company, laying
+their eggs upon the bare rocks. Sometimes
+a few sticks or grasses will be placed about the
+bird to prevent the eggs from rolling away. They
+generally lay two eggs, chalky white and nest
+stained. Size 2.40 &times; 1.60. Data.--Key West, Bahamas,
+April 14, 1891. No nest; two eggs laid on
+the bare rocks.</p>
+
+<p>115.1. <span class="sc">Brewster's Booby.</span> <i>Sula brewsteri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from Lower California southward. This Gannet replaces
+the common Booby on the Pacific coast. It nests abundantly on many
+islands in the Gulf of California, and in company with the blue-footed variety,
+on San Pedro Martir Island. They generally lay two eggs, placing them upon
+the bare rocks and surrounding them with a ring of sticks and seaweed to keep
+them in place. The eggs are chalky white and cannot be distinguished from
+those of the other Boobies. Data.--San Benedicto Is., Lower California, May
+18, 1897. Single egg laid on the sand amid a few blades of grass.</p>
+
+<p>116. <span class="sc">Red-footed Booby.</span> <i>Sula piscator.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is another species that is only occasionally taken on the Florida coast.
+The habits of the birds and their nesting habits are the same as those of the
+others of the family. Two chalky white eggs are laid. Data.--San Benedicto
+Is., Lower California, May 18, 1897. Single egg. Nest a few twigs of rank
+grass. Collector, A. W. Anthony.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/077mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_76" id="Page_76"></a> 76
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/078ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/078a.png">
+<p>Ganet Anhinga.</p></div>
+<p>117. <span class="sc">Gannet.</span> <i>Sula bassana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic, breeding, in America,
+only on Bird Rocks in the St. Lawrence.</p>
+
+<p>These are the largest of the family, being 35
+inches in length. They feed on fish which they
+catch by diving upon, from the air. When flying
+their neck is carried fully extended. They rest
+on the water when tired, the numerous air cells
+beneath the skin, causing them to sit high up in
+the water and enabling them to weather the
+severest storm in perfect safety. The only known
+breeding place in America is Bird Rocks, where
+they nest by thousands, placing their nests in
+rows on the narrow ledges; the nests are made
+of piles of seaweed, mud and stones. They lay
+but one egg of dingy white color and covered with
+a chalky deposit. On St. Kilda Island, off the
+coast of Scotland, they breed by millions. They
+are very tame and will frequently allow themselves
+to be touched with the hand. It is said
+that thousands of the young are killed by fishermen
+every year and marketed in Edinburg and
+other places. Data.--St. Kilda Island, Scotland,
+June 18, 1896. Single egg laid on a large mass of
+seaweed on a sea cliff. Collector, H. McDonald.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/078b.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_77" id="Page_77"></a> 77
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>DARTERS. Family ANHINGIDAE</h2>
+
+<p>118. <span class="sc">Water Turkey.</span> <i>Anhinga anhinga.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical America, north to the South Atlantic States and up the
+Mississippi Valley to Illinois.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/079a.png">
+<p>Chalky bluish white.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>Anhingas or Snake Birds are curiously formed creatures with a Heron-like
+head and neck, and the body of a Cormorant. They live in colonies in inaccessible
+swamps. Owing to their thin and light bodies, they are remarkable
+swimmers, and pursue and catch fish
+under water with ease. When alarmed
+they have a habit of sinking their
+body below water, leaving only their
+head and neck visible, thereby having
+the appearance of a water snake.
+They also fly well and dive from their
+perch into the water with the greatest
+celerity.</p>
+
+<p>They nest in colonies in the swamps,
+placing their nests of sticks, leaves
+and moss in the bushes over the
+water. They breed in April, laying
+from three to five bluish eggs, covered with a chalky deposit. Size 2.25 &times; 1.35.
+Data.--Gainesville, Florida, May 18, 1894. Nest in the top of a button-wood
+tree, made of leaves and branches, overhanging the water. Collector, George
+Graham.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/079deco.png"><br>
+PELICAN POND.<br>
+Washington Zoological Park.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/079mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_78" id="Page_78"></a> 78
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>CORMORANTS. Family PHALACROCORACID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>Cormorants have a more bulky body than do the Anhingas; their tail is
+shorter and the bill strongly hooked at the tip. Cormorants are found in
+nearly all quarters of the globe. They are very gregarious and most species
+are maritime. They feed upon fish which they catch by pursuing under water.
+Most of the Cormorants have green eyes.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_79" id="Page_79"></a> 79
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>119. <span class="sc">Cormorant.</span> <i>Phalacrocorax carbo.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/081a.png">
+<p>Cormorant.<br>
+Double-crested Cormorant.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--The Atlantic coast breeding from Maine
+to Greenland.</p>
+
+<p>The common Cormorant or Shag is one of the
+largest of the race, having a length of 36 inches.</p>
+
+<p>In breeding plumage, the black head and neck
+are so thickly covered with the slender white
+plumes as to almost wholly obscure the black.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/081b.png">
+<p>Chalky greenish or bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>There is also a large white patch on the flanks.
+They nest in colonies on the rocky shores of Newfoundland
+and Labrador, placing their nests of
+sticks and seaweed in rows along the high ledges,
+where they sit, as one writer aptly expresses it,
+like so many black bottles. A few pairs also nest
+on some of the isolated rocky islets off the Maine
+coast. During the latter part of May and during
+June they lay generally four or five greenish
+white, chalky looking eggs. Size 2.50 &times; 1.40. Data.--Black
+Horse Rock, Maine coast, June 6, 1893.
+Four eggs in a nest of seaweed and a few sticks;
+on a high ledge of rock. Collector, C. A. Reed.</p>
+
+<p>120. <span class="sc">Double-crested Cormorant.</span> <i>Phalacrocorax auritus auritus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The Atlantic coast and also in the interior, breeding from Nova
+Scotia and North Dakota northward.</p>
+
+<p>This is a slightly smaller bird than carbo, and in the nesting season the white
+plumes of the latter are replaced by tufts of black and white feathers from
+above each eye. On the coast they nest the same as carbo and in company with
+them on rocky islands. In the interior they place their nests on the ground or
+occasionally in low trees on islands in the lakes. They breed in large colonies,
+making the nests of sticks and weeds and lay three or four eggs like those of
+the common Cormorant but averaging shorter. Size 2.30 &times; 1.40. Data.--Stump
+Lake, North Dakota, May 31, 1897. Nest of dead weeds on an island. Six eggs.
+Collector, T. F. Eastgate.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/081mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_80" id="Page_80"></a> 80
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/082.png"><br>
+NESTS OF DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_81" id="Page_81"></a> 81
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>120a. <span class="sc">Florida Cormorant.</span> <i>Phalacrocorax auritus floridanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is a common breeding bird in the swamps and islands of the
+Gulf coast and north to South Carolina and southern Illinois. The nests are
+placed in the mangroves in some of the most impenetrable swamps and are
+composed of twigs and lined with leaves or moss. They lay three or four chalky
+bluish white eggs. Size 2.30 &times; 1.40. Data.--Bird Is., Lake Kissimee, Florida,
+April 5, 1898. Three eggs. Nest made of weeds and grass, in a willow bush.</p>
+
+<p>120b. <span class="sc">White-crested Cormorant.</span> <i>Phalacrocorax auritus cincinatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern coast of North America, breeding in Alaska, and south
+to the northern boundary of the United States, breeding both in the interior
+and on the coast, in the former case generally on the ground or in low trees
+on swampy islands and in the latter, on the rocky cliffs of the coasts and
+islands. The nests are built in the same fashion as the other Cormorants, and
+the three to five eggs are similar. Size 2.45 &times; 1.40.</p>
+
+<p>120c. <span class="sc">Farallon Cormorant.</span> <i>Phalacrocorax auritus albociliatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This sub-species breeds on the coasts and islands of California and
+southward.</p>
+
+<p>In company with other species of Cormorants, these birds breed in large
+numbers on the Farallones, placing their nests well up on the higher ridges and
+rocks. They breed most abundantly during May. When nesting on the inland
+islands, they place their nests in low bushes. Their nests and eggs are similar
+to those of the other Cormorants. Size 2.40 &times; 1.50. Data.--Farallones, California.
+Nest of weeds and seaweed on the rocks. Collector, W. O. Emerson.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>121. <span class="sc">Mexican Cormorant.</span> <i>Phalacrocorax vigua mexicanus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/083.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds abundantly from southern Texas, south through Mexico;
+north rarely to Kansas; has recently
+been found breeding in limited number
+on some of the Bahamas. In the
+interior they nest in trees, chiefly
+those overhanging or growing in the
+water. On the coasts they nest on the
+rocky ledges, as do the other Cormorants.
+They nest in colonies building
+their abode of twigs and weeds, and
+during May laying three or four eggs,
+greenish white in color and chalky, as
+are all the Cormorants. Size 2.25 &times; 1.35.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/083mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_82" id="Page_82"></a> 82
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/084a.png">
+<p>120c--122.</p></div>
+
+<p>122. <span class="sc">Brandt's Cormorant.</span> <i>Phalacrocorax penicillatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast breeding along the whole coast
+of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This species is found more abundantly on the Farallones
+than is the Farallone Cormorant. Like the other
+Cormorants breeding on these islands, these cling closely
+to their nests, for fear of being robbed by the Gulls, that
+are ever on the watch to steal either eggs or young.
+Their nesting habits and eggs are identical with those of
+the other species. Size 2.50 &times; 1.50. Data.--Bird Island,
+California, May 24, 1885. A very bulky nest of seaweed
+on the rocks. Collector, A. M. Ingersoll.</p>
+
+<p>123. <span class="sc">Pelagic Cormorant.</span> <i>Phalacrocorax pelagicus pelagicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>These are perhaps the most beautiful species of Cormorants,
+having brilliant violet green metallic reflections
+and, in the breeding plumage, crests on the forehead
+and nape, as well as large white flank patches.
+They breed in large colonies on the Aleutian Islands,
+placing their nests of sticks and sea mosses on the rocky
+ledges, often hundreds of feet above the sea level. Three
+or four eggs are laid during May and June. The young
+birds when hatched are naked and black, and are repulsive
+looking objects, as are those of all the other Cormorants. The eggs
+are greenish white with the usual calcareous deposit. Size 2.30 &times; 1.40.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/084ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/084b.png">
+<p>123b--124.</p></div>
+<p>123a. <span class="sc">Violet-green Cormorant.</span> <i>Phalacrocorax pelagicus robustus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is found on the Pacific coast from Washington to the Aleutian
+Islands. Their habits and nests and eggs are the same as those of the
+Pelagic Cormorant, nesting on the high cliffs of the
+rocky islands. The eggs are the same size as those of
+the preceding.</p>
+
+<p>123b. <span class="sc">Baird's Cormorant.</span> <i>Phalacrocorax pelagicus resplendens.</i></p>
+
+<p>This variety breeds on the Pacific coast from Washington
+south to Mexico. They nest on the Farallones,
+but in smaller numbers than the other varieties found
+there. Both the birds and their eggs are smaller than
+the preceding. Size of eggs 2.20 &times; 1.40.</p>
+
+<p>124. <span class="sc">Red-faced Cormorant.</span> <i>Phalacrocorax urile.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwest coast of Alaska, migrating to
+Japan in the winter.</p>
+
+<p>This species differs from the Pelagic chiefly in having
+the forehead bare. They do not differ in their breeding
+habits from others of the family. That the Cormorants
+are expert fishermen may be seen from the fact that the
+Chinese tame and have them catch fish for them, placing
+a ring around their neck to prevent their swallowing the
+fish. Their nesting places are very filthy, being covered
+with excrement and remains of fish that are strewn
+around the nests. They breed in June laying three or
+four eggs. Size 2.50 &times; 1.50.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_83" id="Page_83"></a> 83
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/085mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>PELICANS. Family PELECANID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>Pelicans are large, short legged, web footed (all four toes joined by a web)
+birds, the most noticeable feature of which is the long bill with its enormous
+pouch suspended from lower mandible. This pouch, while normally contracted,
+is capable of being distended to hold several quarts. It is used as a scoop in
+which to catch small fish. Their skin is filled with numerous air cells, making
+them very light and buoyant.</p>
+
+<p>125. <span class="sc">American White Pelican.</span> <i>Pelecanus erythrorhynchos.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North America, breeding in the interior, from Utah and
+the Dakotas northward. These large birds, reaching a length of five feet, are
+entirely white except for the black primaries. They get their food by approaching
+a school of small fish and, suddenly dipping their head beneath the surface,
+sometimes scoop up a large number of fish at a time; after allowing the
+water to run out of the sides of the mouth, they proceed to swallow their catch.
+They nest in large communities on islands in some of the inland lakes.</p>
+
+<p>Great Salt Lake, Utah, and Shoal Lake, Manitoba, furnish breeding ground
+for many thousands of Pelicans. They build their simple nests on the ground,
+making them of sticks and weeds. They generally lay two eggs, but often
+three or four. Size 3.45 &times; 2.30. Data.--Egg Island, Great Salt Lake, June 19,
+1884. Two eggs. Nest a slight hollow in the ground, surrounded by a few
+sticks. Collector, F. F. Leonard.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/085.png"><br>
+Chalky white.</p>
+<br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/085deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/085mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_84" id="Page_84"></a> 84
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/086.png"><br>
+AMERICAN WHITE PELICAN.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_85" id="Page_85"></a> 85
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/087a.png">
+<p>Brown Pelican.<br>
+White Pelican.</p></div>
+<p>126. <span class="sc">Brown Pelican.</span> <i>Pelecanus occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Found on the South Atlantic and Gulf
+coasts of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>Brown Pelicans are about 50 inches in length;
+they have a blackish and grayish body and a
+white head and neck with a brown stripe down
+the back of the latter. The pouch is a dark greenish
+brown. This species is maritime and is not
+found inland. They breed in large colonies on
+many of the islands in the Gulf of Mexico and on
+Pelican Island on the east coast of Florida, in
+which latter place they are now protected from
+further depredations at the hand of eggers and
+gunners.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/087b.png">
+<p>Chalky white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Their fishing tactics differ from those
+of the White Pelican. They dive down upon the
+school of fish from the air and rarely miss making
+a good catch. Their nests are quite bulky structures made of sticks and
+weeds and grasses. These are generally located on the ground but occasionally
+in low mangroves, these latter nests being more bulky than the ground ones.
+They lay from two to five chalky white eggs during May and June. Size 3. &times;
+1.90. Data.--Tampa Bay, Fla., May 29, 1894. Three eggs. Nest in the top of
+a stout mangrove; made of sticks, branches and leaves. Collector, Geo. Graham.</p>
+
+<p>127. <span class="sc">California Brown Pelican.</span> <i>Pelecanus californicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from British Columbia south to the Galapagos Islands.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is similar to the preceding, but larger and the pouch is reddish.
+They breed abundantly on the Coronado Islands and southward. Their habits,
+nesting habits and eggs are the same as those of the Brown Pelican. Size of
+the three or four chalky white eggs is 3.10 &times; 1.95. Data.--Coronado Islands,
+Calif., March 28, 1897. Three eggs. Nest of sticks, lined with green leaves,
+located on the ground. Collector, H. McConville.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/087deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/087mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_86" id="Page_86"></a> 86
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/088ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>MAN-O'-WAR BIRDS. Family FREGATID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>128. <span class="sc">Man-o'-war Bird.</span> <i>Fregata aquila.</i></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/088a.png">
+<p>Man-O'-War Bird.
+</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical seas, north regularly in America to the South Atlantic and
+Gulf coasts, casually farther.</p>
+
+<p>Man-o'-war Birds or "Frigates," as they are
+often called, are remarkable birds in many respects.
+In comparison with their weight they
+have the largest expanse of wing of any known
+bird. Weighing only about four pounds they have
+an extent of from seven to eight feet, their wings
+being extremely long and pointed.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/088b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>The length of
+the bird is about 40 inches, of which the tail comprises
+about 18 in., 10 inches of this being forked.
+They have a large bright orange gular sac, a long,
+hooked bill, and small slightly webbed feet. Their
+powers of flight combine the strength of the
+Albatrosses and the grace of the Terns. They
+are very poor swimmers and do not dive, so are
+forced to procure their food by preying upon the
+Gulls and Cormorants, forcing them to drop their
+fish, which the pirates catch before it reaches the
+water. They also feed upon flying fish, catching
+them in the air, whither they have been driven by
+their enemies in their natural element. They nest in large colonies on some of
+the Bahama Islands and on some of the small Florida Keys. Their nests are
+small frail platforms of sticks and twigs and the single egg is laid in March
+and April. It is white and has a smooth surface. Size 2.80 &times; 1.90. Data.--Key
+Verde, Bahamas, March 6, 1889. Single egg. Nest a frail affair of sticks on a
+cactus. Collector, D. P. Ingraham.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/088deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_87" id="Page_87"></a> 87
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>Order V. ANSERES</h2>
+
+<h3>DUCKS, GEESE AND SWANS. Family ANATIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>The birds comprising this family are of greatly varying sizes, but all have
+webbed feet, and generally the bill is broader than high, and is serrated on the
+edges or provided with gutters to act as a strainer in assisting the birds to
+gather their food.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/089a.png">
+<p>American Merganser.<br>
+Red-breasted Merganser.</p></div>
+
+<p>129. <span class="sc">Merganser.</span> <i>Mergus americanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from the
+northern border of the United States northward.</p>
+
+<p>The three species of Mergansers are almost
+exclusively fish eating birds. Therefore their flesh
+is unpalatable and they are known as "Fish
+Ducks."</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/089b.png">
+<p>Brownish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>They are also sometimes called "Sawbills"
+because of the teeth-like serration on both
+the upper and the under mandibles. Unlike the
+other species of ducks, their bills are long, slender
+and rounded instead of being broad and flat;
+it is also hooked at the tip. Like the Cormorants,
+they often pursue and catch fish under the water,
+their teeth-like bills enabling them to firmly hold
+their prey.</p>
+
+<p>The American Mergansers, Goosanders, or Sheldrakes,
+as they are often called, are found both
+on the coast and in the interior. Except in certain
+mountainous regions, they breed chiefly north
+of the United States. The male bird has no crest
+and the head is a beautiful green, while the female has a reddish brown crest
+and head, shading to white on the chin. They build their nest in hollow trees
+near the water. It is made of grasses, leaves and moss and is lined with feathers
+from the breast of the female. During May, they lay from six to ten eggs
+of a creamy or buff color. Size 2.70 &times; 1.75. Data.--Gun Is., Lake Winnipeg.
+June 16, 1903. Eleven eggs in a nest of white down, located between two large
+boulders. Collector, Walter Raine.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/089mr.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_88" id="Page_88"></a> 88
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/100ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/090a.png">
+<p>Hooded Merganser.<br>
+Mallard.</p></div>
+
+<p>130. <span class="sc">Red-breasted Merganser.</span> <i>Mergus serrator.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from northern
+United States northward.</p>
+
+<p>This species is more abundant than the preceding.
+It is slightly smaller, being 22 inches in
+length, and the male is crested. Found abundantly
+in the United States in winter. Breeds commonly
+in the interior of British America and in
+Labrador and Newfoundland. They make their
+nests on the ground, near the water, concealing
+them under rocks or tufts of grass. The nest is
+made of grasses, leaves and moss and lined with
+feathers. They lay, generally, about ten eggs of
+a buffy or greenish buff color. Size 2.50 &times; 1.70.
+Data.--Lake Manitoba, N. W. Canada. Two eggs
+in a hollow lined with down, under a patch of rose
+bushes near shore. Collector, Jos. Hamaugh.</p>
+
+<p>131. <span class="sc">Hooded Merganser.</span> <i>Lophodytes cucullatus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/090b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding locally throughout
+its range, in the interior. These are beautiful
+little Ducks distinguished from all others by the semi-circular, compressed
+crest which is black with an enclosed white area. They make their nests in
+hollow trees, in wooded districts near the water, lining the cavity with
+grasses and down. They lay ten or twelve grayish white eggs. Size 2.15 &times; 1.70.</p>
+
+<p>132. <span class="sc">Mallard.</span> <i>Anas platyrhynchos.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere, breeding in America from northern United
+States northward, and wintering south to Panama and the West Indies.</p>
+
+<p>Contrasting with the preceding Fish Ducks, the Mallards are regarded as
+one of the most esteemed table birds. They feed on mollusks and marine
+insects which they generally reach by tipping in shallow water. They nest in
+many localities in the United States but more abundantly north of our borders.
+They nest in fields in close proximity to ponds or lakes, placing their nests
+of grasses and feathers in the tall grass. In May and June they lay from six
+to ten eggs of a buffy or olive color. Size 2.25 &times; 1.25. Data.--San Diego, California,
+May 19, 1897. Nest made of grass, lined with down, placed on the edge
+of a field near a pond.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_89" id="Page_89"></a> 89
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/091.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF AMERICAN MERGANSER.</p>
+
+<p class="mid">This species usually nest in holes in trees, but on this island<br> they were nesting
+in holes under boulders.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_90" id="Page_90"></a> 90
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/092ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/092a.png">
+<p>Black Duck.<br>
+Florida Duck.</p></div>
+
+<p>133. <span class="sc">Black Duck.</span> <i>Anas rubripes.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from
+the middle portions north to the Hudson Bay territory
+and Labrador.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/092b.png">
+<p>Pale greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Throughout their breeding region, one or more
+pairs of these ducks nest in nearly every favorable
+locality. Their nests are placed on the ground
+in marshes, swamps or fields bordering a pond
+or lake, the nest being concealed in the long grass
+or reeds. They breed in equal abundance, either
+in the interior or along the sea coast; in the latter
+case their nests are often placed beside of, or
+under an overhanging rock. It is made of weeds,
+grass and moss and is lined with feathers and
+down. They lay from six to twelve eggs during
+May and June; these are buff or greenish buff in
+color. Size 2.30 &times; 1.70. Data.--Duck Is., Maine,
+June 3, 1893. Nest of grasses, concealed in a
+large tuft on water's edge.</p>
+
+<p>134. <span class="sc">Florida Duck.</span> <i>Anas fulvigula fulvigula.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Florida and the Gulf of the Mississippi.</p>
+
+<p>This is a similar, lighter colored, locally distributed race of the foregoing.
+The most noticeable difference in plumage between this and the Black Duck is
+the absence of markings on the chin. The habits are the same, and the eggs,
+which are deposited in April, are similar to those of the Black Duck, but
+smaller. Size 2.15 &times; 1.60.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/092deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_91" id="Page_91"></a> 91
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/093a.png">
+<p>Gadwall.<br>
+Widgeon.</p></div>
+<p>134a. <span class="sc">Mottled Duck.</span> <i>Anas fulvigula maculosa.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Gulf coast of Texas and up the Mississippi
+Valley to Kansas.</p>
+
+<p>The habits of this bird differ in no way from
+the preceding ones. The six to ten eggs are
+greenish buff in color. Size 2.15 &times; 1.55.</p>
+
+<p>135. <span class="sc">Gadwall.</span> <i>Chaulelasmus streperus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere, breeding in
+America, chiefly in the United States and north
+to Manitoba, chiefly in the interior.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/093b.png">
+<p>Creamy buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>South in winter to the Gulf. The males of these
+birds may be identified by the white speculum
+and the chestnut wing coverts. Gadwalls nest
+on the ground among the reeds of marshes or in
+the long grass of bordering fields; they make little
+or no nest but line the cavity with down from
+their breasts. They lay from seven to twelve
+eggs of a creamy buff color. Size 2.10 &times; 1.60.
+Data.--Benson Co., North Dakota, June 19, 1898.
+Eight eggs. Nest on the ground among rank grass on a low island in Devils
+Lake. Made of weeds lined with down. Collector, E. S. Rolfe.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 320px"><img alt="" src="images/093c.png">
+<p>Pale buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>136. <span class="sc">Widgeon.</span> <i>Mareca penelope</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere,
+breeding in America, only in the
+Aleutian Islands; rare or accidental
+in other parts of the country.</p>
+
+<p>The European Widgeon is similar
+in build and plumage to the following
+species, except that the
+whole head, with the exception of
+the white crown, is chestnut. They
+build their nests in the rushes, making
+them of reeds and grass and
+lining them with feathers. They
+lay from six to ten light buff colored
+eggs. Size 2.20 &times; 1.50.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/093mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_92" id="Page_92"></a> 92
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/094ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/094a.png">
+<p>Baldpate.<br>
+Green-winged Teal.</p></div>
+
+<p>137. <span class="sc">Baldpate.</span> <i>Mareca americana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding in the interior
+from Texas north to Hudson Bay.</p>
+
+<p>The Baldpate (so-called because of the white
+crown) or American Widgeon is a handsomely
+marked bird and is regarded as a great table
+delicacy.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/094b.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The male birds cannot be mistaken for
+any other species because of the white crown,
+wing coverts and underparts and the broad green
+stripe, back of the eye. They breed locally in
+many parts of the country, building their nests
+of grass and weeds, neatly lined with feathers,
+on the ground in marshes. They lay from six
+to twelve creamy eggs. Size 2.15 &times; 1.50. Data.--Lac
+Aux Morts, North Dakota. Eight eggs. Nest
+of grass and down on ground in a grassy meadow.
+Collector, E. S. Bryant.</p>
+
+<p>138. <span class="sc">European Teal.</span> <i>Nettion crecca.</i></p>
+
+<p>An old world species that is casually found on
+both coasts of America.</p>
+
+<p>139. <span class="sc">Green-winged Teal.</span> <i>Nettion carolinense.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America,
+breeding chiefly north of the United
+States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/094c.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>A small, handsome species, the male of
+which can readily be identified by the
+reddish brown head and neck, with the
+large green patch behind each ear; length
+fourteen inches. Green-winged Teals are
+our smallest representative of the Duck
+family. They are eagerly sought by
+sportsmen, both because of their beauty
+and the excellence of their flesh. They
+are among the most common of Ducks in
+the interior, where they nest generally in
+tufts of grass along ponds, lakes or
+brooks. Nest of grass and weeds, lined with down from the bird. Eggs buffy,
+four to ten in number. Size 1.85 &times; 1.25.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_93" id="Page_93"></a> 93
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/095a.png">
+<p>Blue-winged Teal.<br>
+Cinnamon Teal.</p></div>
+<p>140. <span class="sc">Blue-winged Teal.</span> <i>Querquedula discors</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from northern
+United States northward; rare on the Pacific
+coast.</p>
+
+<p>Another small species, known by the blue wing
+coverts and the white crescent in front of eye.
+They nest in the same localities with the preceding
+species, placing their nest of grass and weeds
+on the ground in meadows near water. Eggs
+buffy white. Six to twelve in number. Size 1.90 &times;
+1.30.</p>
+
+<p>141. <span class="sc">Cinnamon Teal.</span> <i>Querquedula cyanoptera</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, chiefly west
+of the Rocky Mountains. Casually east to Texas,
+Illinois and British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>The Cinnamon Teal is another small Duck,
+marked by the uniform rich chestnut plumage and
+light blue wing coverts. The speculum is green.
+The nesting habits are the same as those of the
+Teals, the nests being placed on the ground in
+marshes or fields near water. Their nests are
+closely woven of grass and weeds and lined with
+down and feathers from the breast of the bird.
+The eggs are pale buff and number from six to
+fourteen. Size 1.85 &times; 1.35.</p>
+
+<p>141.1. <span class="sc">Ruddy Sheldrake.</span> <i>Casarca ferruginea.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is an Old World species that has accidentally
+occurred in Greenland.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/095deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/095mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_94" id="Page_94"></a> 94
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/096ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/096a.png">
+<p>Pintail.<br>
+Shoveller.</p></div>
+
+<p>142. <span class="sc">Shoveller.</span> <i>Spatula clypeata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding in
+the interior from Texas northward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/096b.png">
+<p>Lead gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>This strikingly marked Duck is twenty inches
+in length, has a green head and speculum, blue
+wing coverts and chestnut belly. The bill is long
+and broad at the tip. It makes its nest on the
+ground in marshy places, of grass, weeds and
+feathers. Six to ten eggs constitute a complete
+set. They are greenish or leaden gray color.
+Size 2.10 x 1.50. Data.--Graham's Island, North
+Dakota, May 28, 1899. Nest of dead weed stems
+and grass, lined with down. Ten eggs. Collector,
+E. S. Bryant.</p>
+
+<p>143. <span class="sc">Pintail.</span> <i>Dafila acuta.</i></p>
+<br><br>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/096c.png">
+<p>Dull olive gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere, breeding in
+North America from northern United States northward,
+wintering south to Panama. This species,
+which is also known as the Sprig-tail, is very
+common in the United States in the
+spring and fall migrations. It is about
+thirty inches long, its length depending
+upon the development of the tail
+feathers, the central ones of which are
+long and pointed. They breed casually
+in many sections of the United
+States, but in abundance from Manitoba
+to the Arctic Ocean. They nest
+near the water, laying from six to
+twelve eggs of dull olive color. Size
+2.20 x 1.50. Data.--Graham's Island,
+Devil's Lake, N. Dakota, June 15, 1900.
+Ten eggs. Nest on the ground, of
+weeds, lined with down. Colony breeding.
+Collector, E. S. Bryant.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_95" id="Page_95"></a> 95
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/097a.png">
+<p>Wood Duck.<br>
+Redhead.</p></div>
+
+<p>144. <span class="sc">Wood Duck</span> <i>Aix sponsa.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North America, breeding
+from Labrador and British Columbia south to
+Florida.</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/097b.png">
+<p>Rich buff.</p></div>
+<p>Bridal Duck is a name often given to this, the
+most beautiful of all Ducks.</p>
+
+<p>They are beautifully marked, have a large crest,
+and are iridescent with all colors of the rainbow.
+They frequent wooded country near ponds and
+lakes, feeding on water insects and mollusks in
+the coves. They build their nests in hollow trees
+and stumps, often at quite a distance from the
+water. When the young are a few days old, they
+slide, scramble, or flutter down the tree trunk to
+the ground below, and are led to the water. The
+nest is made of twigs, weeds and grass, and warmly
+lined with down. The eggs are a buff color
+and number eight to fifteen. Size 2. &times; 1.5.</p>
+
+<p>145. <span class="sc">Rufous-crested Duck.</span> <i>Netta rufina.</i></p>
+
+<p>A European species; a single specimen taken on Long Island in 1872.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 320px"><img alt="" src="images/097c.png">
+<p>Buffy.</p></div>
+
+<p>146. <span class="sc">Redhead.</span> <i>Marila americana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America at large,
+breeding from northern United
+States northward, chiefly in the interior.</p>
+
+<p>A bird commonly seen in the
+markets where it is often sold as
+the following species because of
+their similarity. The nests are
+placed on the ground in marshes or
+sloughs, and are made of grasses,
+lined with feathers. Eggs from
+six to fourteen in number, of a
+buffy white color. Size 2.40 &times; 1.70.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/097mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_96" id="Page_96"></a> 96
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/098.png"><br>
+WOOD DUCK.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_97" id="Page_97"></a> 97
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/099a.png">
+<p>Canvas-back.<br>
+American Scaup Duck.</p></div>
+<p>147. <span class="sc">Canvas-back.</span> <i>Marila valisineria.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding
+chiefly in the interior from the United States to
+the Arctic Ocean.</p>
+
+<p>A noted table bird, especially in the south
+where it feeds on wild celery. Can be distinguished
+from the Redhead by its darker head, lighter
+back, and gradually sloping bill. They nest abundantly
+in Manitoba, their habits being the same as
+the preceding. They lay from six to ten eggs of
+a darker shade than the Red-heads. Size 2.40 &times;
+1.70. Data.--Haunted Lake, N. Alberta, June 12,
+1897. Ten eggs. Nest of reeds in a heavy reed
+bed out in the lake. Collector, Walter Raine.</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/099b.png">
+<p>Pale greenish gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>148. <span class="sc">Scaup Duck.</span> <i>Marila marila.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from North
+Dakota northward, chiefly in the interior; south
+in winter to Central America.</p>
+
+<p>This and the following species are widely known
+as "Blue-bills" owing to the slaty blue color of
+that member. Their plumage is black and white,
+somewhat similar in pattern to that of the Redhead,
+but darker, and the whole head is black.
+They nest in marshes about many of the ponds and lakes in the interior of
+British America. The nest is made of marsh grasses and lined with feathers.
+The six to ten eggs are pale grayish or greenish gray. Size 2.50 &times; 1.70. Data.--</p>
+
+<p>Saltcoats
+Marshes, N. W. Canada, June 15, 1901. Ten eggs. Nest in the grass;
+a depression lined with down and dried grasses. Collector, Walter Raine.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/099deco.png"></p>
+     </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/099mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_98" id="Page_98"></a> 98
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/100ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/100a.png">
+<p>Lesser Scaup Duck.<br>
+Ring-necked Duck.</p></div>
+
+<p>149. <span class="sc">Lesser Scaup Duck.</span> <i>Marila affinis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from North
+Dakota and British Columbia northward; winters
+south to Central America.</p>
+
+<p>This Duck is distinguished from the preceding,
+chiefly by its size which is about two inches less,
+or 17 inches in length. The nesting habits are
+the same as those of the Greater Scaup and the
+eggs are similar but smaller. Size 2.25 &times; 1.55.
+Data.--Northern Assiniboia, June 10, 1901. Ten
+eggs on grass and down at the edge of a lagoon.
+Collector, Walter Raine.</p>
+
+<p>150. <span class="sc">Ring-necked Duck.</span> <i>Marila collaris.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/100b.png">
+<p>Lead gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding in the interior,
+from North Dakota and Washington northward.
+Winters from Maryland on the east and
+British Columbia on the west to Central America.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the Lesser Scaup in size and plumage,
+except that it has a narrow chestnut collar
+around the neck, the back is black instead of
+barred with white, and the speculum is gray instead of white. The habits and
+nesting habits of the Ring-neck do not differ from those of the other Scaups.
+They lay from six to twelve eggs. Size 2.25 &times; 1.60. Data.--Cape Bathurst,
+N. Y. T., June 18, 1901. Ten eggs in a slight hollow in the moss, lined with
+down. Collector, Captain Bodfish.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/100deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_99" id="Page_99"></a> 99
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/101a.png">
+<p>American Golden-eye.<br>
+Barrow Golden-eye.</p></div>
+<p>151. <span class="sc">Golden-eye.</span> <i>Clangula clangula
+americana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding both on the
+coast and in the interior, from the northern border
+of the United States northward to the Arctic
+Ocean.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/101b.png">
+<p> Grayish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>These are handsome Ducks known as "Whistlers"
+from the noise of their wings when flying,
+and "Greatheads" because of the puffy crest. The
+head is greenish with a large round white spot in
+front of, and a little below the eye. The rest of
+the plumage is black and white. This species
+nests in hollow trees near the water, lining the
+cavity with grass, moss and leaves, and lining the
+nest with down from their breasts. In May and
+June they lay from six to ten eggs of a grayish
+green color. Size 2.30 &times; 1.70.</p>
+
+<p>152. <span class="sc">Barrow's Golden-eye.</span>
+<i>Clangula islandica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern North America, breeding
+north of the United States except from the mountainous
+portions of Colorado northward.</p>
+
+<p>This Golden-eye differs from the preceding chiefly in the shape of the white
+spot before the eye, which in this species is in the form of a crescent. The
+size is the same, about 20 inches in length. The reflections on the head are
+purplish rather than greenish as in the preceding. The nesting habits are
+the same, they building in hollow trees near water. The six to ten eggs are
+not different from the preceding. Size 2.30 &times; 1.65. Data.--Alfusa, Iceland, June
+30, 1900. Seven eggs. Nest of grass and down in a box attached to a tree by
+an islander.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/101deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/101mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_100" id="Page_100"></a> 100
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/102ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/102a.png">
+<p>Buffle-head.<br>
+Old-squaw.</p></div>
+
+<p>153. <span class="sc">Buffle-head.</span> <i>Charitonetta albeola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from United
+States northward. Winters south to Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/102b.png">
+<p>Dull buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Gunners know this handsome little duck by
+the names of "Butter-ball," and "Dipper," a name
+also given to Grebes. It is also quite similar, but
+smaller (15 in. long), to the American Golden-eye
+but has a large white patch on the back of the
+head, from eye to eye. It is an active bird and,
+like the two preceding, is capable of diving to a
+great depth to get its food. Its nesting habits
+are like the preceding. Eggs eight to fourteen.
+Size 2 &times; 1.40. Data.--Alberta, Canada, June 6,
+1899. Seven eggs. Nest in hole in tree stump,
+lined with down. Collector, Dr. George.</p>
+
+<p>154. <span class="sc">Old-squaw.</span> <i>Harelda hyemalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere, breeding in the
+Arctic regions; south in winter to New Jersey
+and Illinois.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/102c.png">
+<p> Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Long-tailed Duck, as it is called,
+is especially noticeable because the
+breeding plumage of the male differs
+markedly from that in the winter. In
+summer their general plumage is blackish
+brown, with a white patch around the
+eye, and white belly. In winter they are
+largely white. The central tail feathers
+are much lengthened. They breed
+abundantly in Greenland, Alaska and the
+Hudson Bay Territory, placing their
+nests of grasses and weeds on the ground
+near the water. It is generally concealed
+in the long grass. The eggs number
+from six to twelve. Size 2. &times; 1.50. Data.--N.
+Iceland, June 10, 1900. Nest on ground,
+lined with down. Collector, S. H. Wallis.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_101" id="Page_101"></a> 101
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/103a.png">
+<p>Harlequin Duck.<br>
+Labrador Duck.</p></div>
+<p>155. <span class="sc">Harlequin Duck.</span> <i>Histrionicus
+histrionicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere in America,
+breeding from Newfoundland and the Rocky
+Mountains in Colorado, northward. South in winter
+to California and New England.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/103b.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>A beautiful and most gorgeous bird, not in colors,
+but in the oddity of the markings, the colors
+only including black, white, gray and chestnut.
+Either sex can be recognized by the small short
+bill. They breed mostly in single pairs along
+swiftly running streams, placing their nest, which
+is woven of weeds and grasses, in the ground
+near the water. It is also claimed that they sometimes
+nest in hollow trees. They lay from five
+to eight eggs, yellowish or greenish buff in color.
+Size 2.30 &times; 1.60. Data.--Peel River, Alaska, June
+13, 1898. Seven eggs in a hollow in river bank,
+lined with down. Collector, C. E. Whittaker.</p>
+
+<p>156. <span class="sc">Labrador Duck.</span> <i>Camptorhynchus labradorius.</i></p>
+
+<p>This bird, whose range was from Labrador to New Jersey in the winter,
+has probably been extinct since 1875, when the last authentic capture was
+made. It is a strange fact that a bird of this character should have been
+completely exterminated, even though they were often sold in the markets.
+Only forty-one specimens are known to be preserved at present and nothing
+is known in regard to their nesting habits or eggs.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/103mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_102" id="Page_102"></a> 102
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/104ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/104a.png">
+<p>Steller's Duck.<br>
+Spectacled Eider.</p></div>
+<p>157. <span class="sc">Steller's Duck.</span> <i>Polysticta stelleri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions in America, chiefly on
+the Aleutian Islands and northwest coast of
+Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>A very beautiful species eighteen inches long;
+head white, washed with greenish on the forehead
+and nape; chin, throat, neck, back, tail and
+crissum, black; underparts chestnut; wing coverts
+white, the long scapulars black and white.
+It breeds on the rocky coasts and islands of
+Bering Sea. The six to nine eggs are pale olive
+green in color. Size 2.25 &times; 1.60. Data.--Admiralty
+Bay, Alaska, June 22, 1898. Nest on a hummock
+of the tundra, near a small pool, lined with
+grass and down. Collector, E. A. McIlhenny.</p>
+
+<p>158. <span class="sc">Spectacled Eider.</span> <i>Arctonetta fischeri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of Alaska from the Aleutians
+to Point Barrow.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/104b.png">
+<p>Pale olive green.</p></div>
+
+<p>Like the rest of the true Eiders, this species is black beneath and mostly
+white above. The head is largely washed with sea green, leaving a large patch
+of white, narrowly bordered by black around each eye, thus resembling a pair
+of spectacles. The nests are made of grass and seaweed and lined with down;
+they are placed on the ground in clumps of grass or beneath overhanging
+stones. The five to nine eggs are an olive drab or greenish color. Size 2.70
+&times; 1.85. Data.--Point Barrow, Alaska, June 15, 1898. Six eggs. Nest of moss
+and down in a hollow in dry tundra. Collector, E. A. McIlhenny.</p>
+
+<p>159. <span class="sc">Northern Eider.</span> <i>Somateria mollissima borealis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Atlantic coast, breeding from Labrador to Greenland and
+wintering south to New England.</p>
+
+<p>A large Duck similar to the next species, but with the base of the bill
+differing, as noted in the description of the following species, and with a more
+northerly distribution. The nesting habits are the same as those of the other
+Eiders. Six to ten eggs generally of a greenish drab color. Size 3. &times; 2.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_103" id="Page_103"></a> 103
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/105a.png">
+<p>Eider.<br>
+Pacific Eider.</p></div>
+<p>160. <span class="sc">Eider.</span> <i>Somateria dresseri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Atlantic coast, breeding from Maine to
+Labrador and wintering south to Delaware.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/105b.png">
+<p>Greenish drab.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species differs from the preceding only in
+the fleshy part of the base of the bill, which extends
+back on each side of the forehead, it being
+broad and rounded in this species and narrow and
+pointed in the Northern or Greenland Eider. This
+species, but more especially the Northern Eider,
+are the ones chiefly used for the eider-down of
+commerce. The preceding species is often semi-domesticated
+in Greenland, the people protecting
+them and encouraging them to nest in the neighborhood.
+They make their nests of seaweed and
+grass and warmly line it with down from their
+breast; this down is continually added to the nest during incubation until
+there is a considerable amount in each nest, averaging about an ounce in
+weight. The birds are among the strongest of the sea ducks and get their food
+in very deep water. Their flesh is not good eating. Their eggs number from
+five to ten and are greenish drab. Size 3. &times; 2.</p>
+
+<p>161. <span class="sc">Pacific Eider.</span> <i>Somateria v-nigra.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Pacific from the Aleutian Islands northward, and east to
+Great Slave Lake.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is, in plumage, like the Northern Eider, except that it has a black
+V-shaped mark on the throat. They nest sparingly on the Aleutian Islands,
+but in great numbers farther north on the coast about Point Barrow. Their
+habits, nests and eggs are precisely the same as those of the eastern forms.
+Their eggs number from five to ten and are of olive greenish color. Size 3. &times; 2.
+Data.--Cape Smythe, Alaska, June 8, 1900. Eight eggs. Nest a hollow in the
+moss, lined with grass and down.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/105mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_104" id="Page_104"></a> 104
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/106ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/106a.png">
+<p>King Eider.<br>
+Scoter.</p></div>
+<p>162. <span class="sc">King Eider.</span> <i>Somateria spectabilis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere, breeding in
+America from Labrador to Greenland and the
+Arctic Ocean; south in winter to the New England
+States and rarely farther on the eastern
+side, and to the Aleutians on the Pacific; also
+casually to the Great Lakes in the interior.</p>
+
+<p>A handsome and very different species from
+any of the foregoing, having the crown ashy blue,
+and the long scapulars black instead of white.
+It also has a broad V-shaped mark on the throat.
+Like all the other Eiders, the female is mottled
+brown and black, the different species being very
+difficult to separate. The nests are sunk in the
+ground and lined with down. Eggs number from
+six to ten. Size 2.80 &times; 1.80. Data.--Point Barrow,
+Alaska, July 5, 1898. Five eggs. Nest a hollow
+in the moss on tundra lined with moss and down.
+Collector, E. A. McIlhenny.</p>
+
+<p>163. <span class="sc">Scoter.</span> <i>Oidemia americana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern North America, breeding
+from Labrador, the Hudson Bay region and the
+Aleutian Islands northward; winters south to
+Virginia, the Great Lakes and California.</p>
+
+<p>Scoters or "Coots" as they are generally called
+are sea ducks whose plumage is almost wholly
+black; they have fantastically colored and shaped
+bills. The American Scoter is entirely black
+without markings; base of bill yellow and orange.
+This species nest as do the Eiders, often concealing
+the nest, of grass and feathers, under some
+overhanging rock. They lay from six to ten eggs
+of a dingy buff color. Size 2.50 &times; 1.70. Data.--Mackenzie
+Bay, June 15, 1899. Ten eggs. Nest
+a hollow in the sand, lined with down.</p>
+<br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/106b.png"><br>
+Buff.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_105" id="Page_105"></a> 105
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+      <div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/107.png">
+<p>Surf Scoter.<br>
+White-winged Scoter.</p></div>
+<p>164. <span class="sc">Velvet Scoter.</span> <i>Oidemia fusca.</i></p>
+
+<p>An Old World species that has accidentally occurred
+in Greenland.</p>
+
+<p>165. <span class="sc">White-winged Scoter.</span> <i>Oidemia deglandi</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Abundant in North America, breeding
+from Labrador, North Dakota and British Columbia,
+northward. Wintering south to the Middle
+States, southern Illinois and southern California.</p>
+
+<p>The largest of the Scoters, length 22 inches,
+distinguished by a large white speculum on the
+wing, also a white comet extending from under
+the eye backwards. It also has a yellow eye.
+Like the other Scoters, this species often feeds
+in very deep water. They are strong, active diving
+birds, and are also strong on the wing, generally
+flying close to the surface of the water.
+Their flesh is not regarded as good eating, although
+they are often sold for that purpose. They
+nest on the ground, generally in long grass or
+under low bushes making a coarse nest of
+grasses, and sometimes twigs, lined with feathers.
+They lay from five to eight eggs of a pale buff
+color. Size 2.75 &times; 1.85.</p>
+
+<p>166. <span class="sc">Surf Scoter.</span> <i>Oidemia perspicillata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern North America, breeding
+north of the United States boundary, and wintering
+south to Virginia and southern California.</p>
+
+<p>The male of this species is entirely black, except
+for the white patches on the forehead and
+nape, and the vari-colored bill of black, white,
+pink and yellow. They nest either along the
+coast or in the interior, building a nest lined
+with down, in the marsh grass bordering small ponds. They lay from five to
+eight buffy cream colored eggs. Size 2.40 &times; 1.70. The females of all the
+Scoters are a dingy brownish color, but show the characteristic marking of the
+species, although the white is generally dull or sometimes mottled. Data.--Mackenzie
+River, June 25, 1894. Six eggs in a nest of down on an island in the
+river.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/107deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/107mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_106" id="Page_106"></a> 106
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/108ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/108a.png">
+<p>Ruddy Duck.<br>
+Masked Duck.</p></div>
+<p>167. <span class="sc">Ruddy Duck.</span> <i>Erismatura jamaicensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding
+chiefly north of the United States border except
+locally on the Pacific coast. Winters along the
+Gulf and through Mexico and Central America.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/108b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This peculiar species may always be recognized
+by the brownish or chestnut upper parts, blackish
+crown, white cheeks and silvery white underparts.
+The bill is very stout and broad at the end, and
+the tail feathers are stiff and pointed like those
+of a Cormorant. They build their nests in low
+marshy places, either placing them on the
+ground near the water or in the rushes over it.
+Their nests are made of rushes and grasses,
+sometimes lined and sometimes not, with down
+from the parents breast. The eggs number from
+six to twelve and are grayish in color. Size 2.40
+&times; 1.75. Data.--Northern Assiniboia, Canada, June
+6, 1901. Eight eggs. Nest made of aquatic
+grasses, lined with down. Built in a tuft of rushes
+in a marsh. Collector, Walter Raine.</p>
+
+<p>168. <span class="sc">Masked Duck.</span> <i>Nomonyx dominicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is a tropical species which is resident in Mexico, Central America and
+in the West Indies. It occurs in Mexico north to the lower Rio Grande Valley
+and has in three known instances strayed to northern United States. The
+general plumage is a rusty chestnut, mottled with blackish, it has a black face
+and throat, with white wing bars.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/108deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_107" id="Page_107"></a> 107
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/109a.png">
+<p>Lesser Snow Goose.<br>
+Blue Goose.</p></div>
+<p>169. <span class="sc">Snow Goose.</span> <i>Chen hyperboreus
+hyperboreus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America west of the Mississippi
+Valley, breeding in northern Alaska and the MacKenzie
+River district.</p>
+
+<p>This smaller species of the Snow Goose nests
+on islands in rivers along the arctic coast. The
+nest is a depression in the ground, lined with
+grasses and, occasionally down. They lay from
+four to eight eggs of a buffy or yellowish white
+color. Size 2.75 &times; 1.75.</p>
+
+<p>169a. <span class="sc">Greater Snow Goose.</span> <i>Chen hyperboreus nivalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in
+the Arctic regions and wintering chiefly on the
+Atlantic coast, south to Cuba.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/109b.png">
+<p>Grayish White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This bird is like the preceding; except in size;
+about thirty-six inches, instead of twenty-six inches in length as is the lesser
+variety. The entire plumage is white except for the black primaries. They
+construct their nests of grasses on the ground the same as the preceding variety.
+The eggs number from five to eight and are cream colored. Size 3.40 &times;
+2.40.</p>
+
+<p>169.1. <span class="sc">Blue Goose.</span> <i>Chen c&aelig;rulescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, principally in the interior, breeding from Hudson
+Bay northward and wintering along the Gulf coast.</p>
+
+<p>This species may always be recognized by the entirely white head and neck,
+the body being grayish or bluish gray. They nest on the ground as do the
+other geese laying from four to eight eggs of a brownish buff color. Size 2.50
+&times; 1.75. Data,--Cape Bathurst, Arctic coast, June 29, 1899. Four eggs laid in a
+depression lined with grass, on an island. Collected with the parent birds by
+the Esquimaux.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/109mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_108" id="Page_108"></a> 108
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/110ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/110.png">
+<p>Ross Snow Goose.<br>
+American White-fronted Goose.</p></div>
+<p>170. <span class="sc">Ross's Snow Goose.</span> <i>Chen rossi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This beautiful species, which is similar
+in plumage to the large Snow Goose, is but
+twenty-one inches in length. It breeds in the extreme
+north, and in winter is found in the western
+part of the United States as far south as the
+Gulf of Mexico. Their nesting habits and eggs
+probably do not differ from others in the family
+except in the matter of size.</p>
+
+<p>171. <span class="sc">White-fronted Goose.</span> <i>Anser albifrons
+albifrons.</i></p>
+
+<p>This European species is exactly like the American
+except that it is said to average a trifle
+smaller. It is occasionally found in Greenland.</p>
+
+<p>171a. <span class="sc">American White-fronted Goose.</span>
+<i>Anser albifrons gambeli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding in
+the Arctic regions and wintering south to the
+Gulf coast; not common on the Atlantic coast
+during migrations.</p>
+
+<p>These birds may be recognized by their mottled
+plumage, dark head and white forehead. This
+species is more abundant than any of the preceding
+and nests in large colonies along the arctic
+coast and in Alaska. Their nests are made of
+dried grasses, feathers and down and are placed
+on the ground in a slight depression. From
+four to nine eggs are laid; these have a dull buff
+ground. Size 3.00 &times; 2.05. Data.--Island in delta
+of Mackenzie River, June 10, 1899. Four eggs.
+Nest of grass and feathers on the ground on a
+small island. Collector, Rev. I. O. Stringer.</p>
+
+<p>[Illustration z110: ]</p>
+
+<p>171.1. <span class="sc">Bean Goose.</span> <i>Anser fabalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>This European species is casually found in Greenland. It is one of the
+most common of the Old World Species.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/110deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_109" id="Page_109"></a> 109
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/111.png">
+<p>Canada Goose.<br>
+Cackling Goose.</p></div>
+<p>172. <span class="sc">Canada Goose.</span> <i>Branta canadensis
+canadensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The whole of North America, breeding
+from northern United States northward, and wintering
+in the southern parts of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This species is the most widely known of American
+Geese and is the most abundant. Its familiar
+"honk" has long been regarded as the signal of
+the coming of spring, and the familiar V-shaped
+formation in which the flocks migrate is always
+an object of interest to everyone. With the exception
+of in North Dakota and Minnesota, they
+breed chiefly north of the United States. They
+construct quite a large nest of weeds and grass,
+and warmly line it with down and feathers.
+They lay from four to nine eggs of a buff or drab
+color. Size about 3.50 &times; 2.50. Data.--Ellingsars
+Lake, North Dakota, May 18, 1896. Five eggs.
+Nest on an island in the lake, constructed of
+weeds and trash, and lined with a few feathers.
+Collector, Edwin S. Bryant.</p>
+
+<p>172a. <span class="sc">Hutchins Goose.</span> <i>Branta canadensis
+hutchinsi.</i></p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is like the preceding except
+that it is smaller, thirty inches in length. It is
+a western variety, breeding in Alaska and along
+the Arctic coast and wintering to southern California.
+Its breeding habits, nests and eggs are
+the same as the common goose except that the
+eggs are smaller. Size 3.00 &times; 2.05.</p>
+
+<p>172b. <span class="sc">White-cheeked Goose.</span> <i>Branta canadensis occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>This bird is about the same size as the Canada
+Goose and the plumage is very similar except
+that the black sometimes extends on the throat,
+thereby isolating the white cheek patches, and
+there is a white collar below the back of the neck. It is a western species,
+breeding in Alaska and wintering along the Pacific coast of the United States.
+Its nesting habits and eggs are same as those of the Canada Goose except that
+the latter are a trifle smaller.</p>
+
+<p>172c. <span class="sc">Cackling Goose.</span> <i>Branta canadensis minima.</i></p>
+
+<p>This bird is really a miniature of the Canada Goose, being but twenty-four
+inches in length. It breeds in Alaska and along the Arctic coast and migrates
+into the western parts of the United States. They are abundant birds in their
+breeding range, where they place their nests upon the shores of ponds, or on
+islands in inland rivers or lakes. The nests are made of weeds and grasses,
+lined with down. The eggs which are buff colored, number from four to nine
+and are laid during June and July. Size 2.30 &times; 1.95.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/111mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_110" id="Page_110"></a> 110
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/112.png"><br>
+CANADA GEESE.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_111" id="Page_111"></a> 111
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/113a.png">
+<p>Brant.<br>
+Black Brant.</p></div>
+<p>173. <span class="sc">Brant.</span> <i>Branta bernicla glaucogastra.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in the
+Arctic regions and wintering in the United States
+east of the Mississippi.</p>
+
+<p>The Brant resembles a small Canada Goose,
+except that the black of the neck extends on the
+breast, and only the throat is white. They are
+one of the favorite game birds and thousands are
+shot every fall and spring. Their nests and eggs
+are the same as the next species.</p>
+
+<p>174. <span class="sc">Black Brant.</span> <i>Branta nigricans.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, breeding in
+Alaska and wintering on the Pacific coast of the
+United States. Rare east of the Mississippi.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/113b.png">
+<p>Grayish.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is like the last except that the
+black extends on the under parts. This species
+nests very abundantly in northern Alaska, laying
+their eggs in a depression in the ground, lined with down. Favorite locations
+are the many small islets in ponds and small lakes. They lay from four to
+eight grayish colored eggs. Size 2.80 &times; 1.75. Data.--Cape Bathurst, North
+West Territory, Junes 22, 1901. Seven eggs in a small hollow in the ground,
+lined with down. Collector, Capt. H. H. Bodfish.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/113deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/113mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_112" id="Page_112"></a> 112
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/114ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/114a.png">
+<p>Barnacle Goose.<br>
+Emperor Goose.</p></div>
+
+<p>175. <span class="sc">Barnacle Goose.</span> <i>Branta leucopsis.</i></p>
+
+<p>This Old World species occurs frequently in
+Greenland and very rarely is found on the mainland
+of this continent.</p>
+
+<p>176. <span class="sc">Emperor Goose.</span> <i>Philacte canagica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Alaska, south in winter casually to California.</p>
+
+<p>This handsome species is twenty-six inches in
+length; it may be known from the mottled or
+"scaly" appearance of the body, and the white
+head with a black chin and throat. While not uncommon
+in restricted localities, this may be considered
+as one of the most rare of North American
+Geese. Their nests are built upon the ground
+and do not differ from those of other geese. They
+lay from three to seven eggs of a dull buff color.
+Size 3.10 &times; 2.15. Data.--Stuart Island, Alaska,
+June 16, 1900. Six eggs laid in a slight hollow in
+the ground, lined with a few feathers and some
+down. Collector, Capt. H. H. Bodfish.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/114b.png"><br>
+Egg of Canada Goose--Buffy drab.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_113" id="Page_113"></a> 113
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/115a.png">
+<p>Black-bellied Tree duck.<br>
+Fulvous Tree-duck.</p></div>
+<p>177. <span class="sc">Black-bellied Tree-duck.</span> <i>Dendrocygna
+autumnalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical America, north in the Rio
+Grande Valley to southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>These peculiar long-legged Ducks are very
+abundant in southern Texas during the summer
+months. They build their nests in hollow trees,
+often quite a distance from the water. They lay
+their eggs upon the bottom of the cavity with
+only a scant lining, if any, of feathers and down.
+They are very prolific breeders, raising two broods
+in a season, each set of eggs containing from ten
+to twenty. These eggs are creamy or pure white,
+size 2.05 &times; 1.50. The first set is laid during the
+latter part of April or early in May, and fresh
+eggs may be found as late as July. They are
+especially abundant about Brownsville and Corpus
+Christi, Texas. Data.--Hidalgo, Mexico, May 29,
+1900. Ten eggs in a hole in an old elm tree on
+side of lake in big woods near town. Eight feet
+from the ground. Collector, F. B. Armstrong.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/115b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>178. <span class="sc">Fulvous Tree-duck.</span> <i>Dendrocygna bicolor.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This species is tropical like the last, but the summer range is extended
+to cover, casually the whole southwestern border of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is long-legged like the last, but the plumage is entirely different,
+being of a general rusty color, including the entire under parts. The nesting
+habits and eggs are the same as those of the Black-bellied Duck, the white eggs
+being laid at the bottom of a cavity in a tree. They number from eight to (in
+one instance) thirty-two eggs in one nest. This species is nearly as abundant
+as the preceding in southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/115deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/115mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_114" id="Page_114"></a> 114
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/116ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 256px"><img alt="" src="images/116.png">
+<p>Whistling Swan.</p></div>
+<p>179. <span class="sc">Whooper Swan.</span> <i>Olor cygnus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This European variety frequently is found in
+Greenland and formerly, regularly bred there.
+It nests in secluded swampy places in northern
+Europe.</p>
+
+<p>180. <span class="sc">Whistling Swan.</span> <i>Olor columbianus.</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding in the Arctic
+Circle, and wintering south to the Gulf of
+Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>These birds, which are nearly five feet in
+length, are snow white with the exception of
+the black bill and feet. The Whistling Swan
+is distinguished from the next species by the
+presence of a small yellow spot on either side
+of the bill near its base. Their nests are made
+of a large mass of rubbish, weeds, grass, moss,
+feathers and occasionally a few sticks. It is
+generally placed in a somewhat marshy place
+in the neighborhood of some isolated pond.
+The eggs are of a greenish or brownish buff
+color, and number from three to six. Size 4.00
+&times; 2.75. Data.--Mackenzie River. Nest a mass
+of weeds, sods and grass, lined with feathers;
+on an island near the mouth of the river. Collector,
+I. O. Stringer.</p>
+
+<p>181. <span class="sc">Trumpeter Swan.</span> <i>Olor buccinator.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of North America from the Gulf of Mexico northward, breeding
+from northern United States northward.</p>
+
+<p>This is a magnificent bird, about five and one-half feet in length. Its plumage
+is exactly like that of the preceding except that the bill is entirely black,
+and the nostril is located nearer the eye. Their nesting habits and eggs are
+the same as those of the Whistling Swan. While a few pairs may breed within
+the United States by far the greater number are found in the extreme north,
+from Hudson Bay to Alaska. The eggs may average a trifle larger than those
+of the preceding species.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/116deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_115" id="Page_115"></a> 115
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>LAMELLIROSTRAL GRALLATORES. Order VI. ODONTOGLOSS&AElig;</h2>
+
+<h3>FLAMINGOES. Family PHOENICOPTERIDAE</h3>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/117.png">
+<p>American Flamingo.<br>
+Roseate Spoonbill.</p></div>
+
+<p>182. <span class="sc">Flamingo.</span> <i>Ph&oelig;nicopterus ruber.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical and sub-tropical America on
+the Atlantic coasts, breeding in the Bahamas and
+West Indies; north to Florida and casually to the
+South Atlantic States.</p>
+
+<p>These remarkable and grotesque appearing
+birds attain a length of about 48 inches. The
+plumage varies from white to a deep rosy red. It
+requires several years for them to attain the perfect
+adult plumage, and unlike most birds, they
+are in the best of plumage during the winter, the
+colors becoming faded as the nesting season approaches.
+The birds are especially noticeable because
+of the crooked, hollow, scoop-shaped bill,
+and the extremely long legs and neck. The feet
+are webbed, but more for the purpose of supporting
+them upon the mud flats than for use in swimming.
+The nests are usually built on a sandy
+point of an island; they are mounds of earth, grass
+and rubbish from one to two feet in height, the
+top being hollowed to receive the eggs. One or
+two eggs are a complete set. The shell is pale
+blue, but this is covered with a heavy white chalky
+deposit. The eggs are laid in June and July.
+Size 3.40 &times; 2.15.</p>
+
+
+<h2>IBISES, STORKS, HERONS, etc. Order VII. HERODIONES</h2>
+
+<p>The members of this order are wading birds, consequently they all have
+long legs and necks. They have four toes, not webbed.</p>
+
+<h3>SPOONBILLS. Family PLATALEIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>183. <span class="sc">Roseate Spoonbill.</span> <i>Ajaia ajaja.</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical America, north in summer to the Gulf States. They formerly
+nested in remote swamps along the whole Gulf coast, but are now confined
+chiefly to the Everglades in Florida.</p>
+
+     </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/117mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_116" id="Page_116"></a> 116
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/118ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 340px"><img alt="" src="images/118a.png">
+<p>Pale greenish blue.</p></div>
+<p>This bird, with its broad, flat bill, bare head, and rosy plumage with carmine
+epaulets and tail coverts, seem more like the fanciful creation of some artist
+than a real bird of flesh and blood. Its plumage and colors are strikingly clear
+and beautiful. Full plumaged
+adult birds have very brilliant
+carmine shoulders and tail coverts,
+a saffron colored tail, and a
+lengthened tuft of bright rosy
+feathers on the foreneck. This
+species breed in small colonies
+in marshy places, often in company
+with herons and ibises.
+Their nests are rather frail platforms
+of sticks, located in bushes
+or trees, from four to fifteen
+feet from the ground. The eggs
+are laid during the latter part
+of May and June. They are
+three or four in number and
+have a ground color of dull
+white, or pale greenish blue and
+are quite heavily blotched with several shades of brown. Size 2.50 &times; 1.70.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/118b.png"><br>
+Chalky bluish white.<br>
+Egg of American Flamingo.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/118deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_117" id="Page_117"></a> 117
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>IBISES. Family IBIDID&AElig;</h2>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/119a.png">
+<p>White Ibis.<br>
+Scarlet Ibis.</p></div>
+
+<p>Ibises are gracefully formed birds having a long
+curved bill and a bare face.</p>
+
+<p>184. <span class="sc">White Ibis.</span> <i>Guara alba.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This is a tropical and sub-tropical
+species which is found along the Gulf coast, and
+north to South Carolina, west to Lower California.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/119b.png">
+<p>Grayish.</p></div>
+
+<p>These handsome birds are wholly white, with
+the exception of black primaries. The legs and
+the bare skin of the face is orange red. These
+birds are very abundant in most marshy localities
+along the Gulf coast, especially in Florida, where
+they nest in rookeries of thousands of individuals.
+Owing to their not having plumes, they have not
+been persecuted as have the white herons. They
+build their nests of sticks and grasses, in the
+mangroves a few feet above the water. In other
+localities they build their nests entirely of dead
+rushes, attaching them to the standing ones a foot or more above the surface
+of the water. They are quite substantially made and deeply cupped, very different
+from the nests of the Herons. Their eggs are from three to five in number,
+vary from grayish ash to pale greenish or bluish in color, blotched with
+light brown. Size 2.25 &times; 1.60. The nesting season is during May and June.
+Data.--Tampa Bay, Fla., June 4, 1895. Three eggs. Nest of sticks and a few
+weeds in small bushes on an island. Collector, Fred Doane.</p>
+
+<p>185. <span class="sc">Scarlet Ibis.</span> <i>Guara rubra.</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Occasionally, but not recently met with in the southern states.
+Their habitat is tropical America, they being especially abundant along the
+Orinoco River in northern South America.</p>
+
+<p>Full plumaged adults of this species are wholly bright scarlet, except for the
+primaries, which are black. Their nests are built in impenetrable thickets,
+rushes or mangroves, the nests being constructed like those of the White Ibis.
+The eggs, too, are very similar to those of the preceding species, but both the
+ground color and the markings average brighter. While still common in some
+localities, the species is gradually becoming less abundant, chiefly because of
+the demand for their feathers for use in fly-tying.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/119mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_118" id="Page_118"></a> 118
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/120ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/120.png">
+<p>Glossy Ibis.<br>
+White-faced Glossy Ibis.<br>
+Wood Ibis.</p></div>
+<p>186. <span class="sc">Glossy Ibis.</span> <i>Plegadis autumnalis.</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--This tropical and sub-tropical species,
+is chiefly found in the Old World. It is occasionally
+found in southeastern United States where it
+sometimes breeds. Its habits, nesting habits and
+eggs are just the same as the next species.</p>
+
+<p>187. <span class="sc">White-faced Glossy Ibis.</span> <i>Plegadis guarauna.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A sub-tropical species found in the
+southwestern parts of the United States, rarely
+found east of the Mississippi.</p>
+
+<p>This species differs from the Glossy Ibis in
+having the feathers on the front of the head white,
+the rest of the plumage is a dull brownish chestnut,
+with greenish reflections on the back. As
+these birds are not in demand commercially, their
+numbers have not decreased, and thousands of
+them breed in colonies in southern Texas. They
+build a substantial nest of reeds and rushes woven
+about the upright canes, close to the surface of the
+water. Their eggs are laid during May, and number
+from three to four. They are easily distinguished
+from those of the Herons, being of a
+deeper greenish blue color and averaging more
+elongate. Size 1.95 &times; 1.35. Data.--Corpus Christi,
+Texas, May 26, 1899. Four eggs. Nest of twigs
+and rushes on side of river. Collector, F. B.
+Armstrong.</p>
+
+
+<h2>STORKS and WOOD IBISES</h2>
+
+<h3>Family CICONIIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>188. <span class="sc">Wood Ibis.</span> <i>Mycteria americana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A sub-tropical species which is resident along the Gulf coast and
+which strays casually north to New England and Colorado.</p>
+
+<p>This peculiar member of the Stork family has the whole head and part of the
+neck bare and covered with numerous scales; the bill is large, long and heavy;
+the plumage is white, except for the black primaries and tail. It is a large
+bird about four feet in length. They are quite abundant in swamps along the</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/120deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_119" id="Page_119"></a> 119
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/121a.png">
+<p>Jabiru.<br>
+Bittern.</p></div>
+
+<p>Gulf coast, where they place their nests, which
+are platforms of sticks, in trees and bushes over
+the water. They lay three eggs which are white,
+and have a rough surface. Size 2.75 &times; 1.75.</p>
+
+<p>189. <span class="sc">Jabiru.</span> <i>Jabiru mycteria.</i></p>
+
+<p>This large bird, which is the only true Stork
+that claims a place in our avifauna, is a native
+of South and Central America, wandering north,
+casually to Texas. Their nests are large platforms
+of sticks in very high trees.</p>
+
+<h2>BITTERNS and HERONS</h2>
+
+<h3>Family ARDEIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>Herons and Bitterns are long-legged waders,
+having straight, pointed bills, and with the head
+feathered, except for the lores.</p>
+
+<p>190. <span class="sc">Bittern.</span> <i>Bautaurus lentiginosus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States and southern British
+provinces, breeding in the northern half of the
+United States and wintering in the southern portion.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/121b.png">
+<p>Brownish drab.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species, with its mottled rusty brownish plumage, is one of the best
+known of the Heron family. It is known locally by a great many names, nearly
+all of which have reference to the "booming" or "pumping" sound made during
+the mating season. They build their nests in swampy or marshy places, placing
+them on the ground, frequently on a tussock, entirely surrounded by water.
+The nest proper is only a few grasses twisted about to form a lining to the
+hollow. They lay from three to five eggs of brownish drab. Size 1.95 &times; 1.50.</p>
+
+<p>They do not breed in colonies, generally, but one or two pairs nesting in one
+marsh. Data.--Worcester, Mass., June 3, 1897. Four eggs laid in a grass lined
+hollow in middle of a hummock of earth and grass, in middle of marsh. Collector,
+James Jackson.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/121deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/121mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_120" id="Page_120"></a> 120
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/122ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/122a.png">
+<p>Least Bittern.
+Cory's Least Bittern.</p></div>
+<p>191. <span class="sc">Least Bittern.</span> <i>Ixobrychus exilis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Common throughout the United States,
+especially in the eastern part, and in the southern
+British provinces.</p>
+
+<p>This small variety of Bittern is very common
+in the southern portions of the United States, but
+less so and locally distributed in the northern
+portions of its range. They are very quiet and
+sly birds, and their presence is often unsuspected
+when they are really quite abundant. When approached,
+they will remain
+perfectly quiet, with
+the body erect and the
+head and neck pointed
+skyward, in which position
+their yellowish
+brown plumage strongly
+resembles the rushes
+among which they are
+found. Their nests are
+made of strips of rushes
+woven about upright
+stalks, generally over water. They lay from
+three to five eggs of a pale bluish white color.
+Size 1.20 &times; .90. Data.--Avery's Island, La., May 1,
+1896. Four eggs. Nest of strips of rushes woven
+together to form a platform and fastened to saw
+grass growing on the bank of a stream. Collector,
+E. A. McIlhenny.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/122b.png">
+<p>Pale bluish gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>191.1. <span class="sc">Cory's Least Bittern.</span> <i>Ixobrychus
+neoxenus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This rare species, of which about twenty specimens
+are known is probably resident in Florida,
+wandering north in the summer, specimens having
+been taken in Ontario, Canada, and in several
+localities in eastern United States. It is very different from the Least Bittern,
+having a more uniform chestnut coloration, especially on the under parts. It is
+twelve inches in length. Mr. C. W. Crandall has a set of five eggs of this
+species, taken on the Caloosahatchee River, Fla., April 15, 1891, by S. B. Ladd.
+Nest was made of grasses and rushes placed in the cane two feet above the
+water.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/122deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_121" id="Page_121"></a> 121
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/123.png">
+<p>Great White Heron.<br>
+Great Blue Heron.</p></div>
+<p>192. <span class="sc">Great White Heron.</span> <i>Ardea occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This species occurs in the United
+States regularly, only in the southern parts of
+Florida. It is a resident of the West Indies.</p>
+
+<p>This large white Heron is about the same size
+as the Great Blue Heron; it has none of the
+slender plumes found on the smaller White Herons.
+These birds are not uncommon in southern
+Florida, especially on the Keyes, where they build
+their nests in company with Great Blue Herons.
+Their nesting habits and eggs are very similar
+to those of the Blue Heron. Size of eggs 2.25 &times;
+1.80. Data.--Outside of Torch Key, Florida, June
+16, 1899. Nest a platform of sticks about five feet
+from the ground, in a mangrove tree. Three eggs.
+Collector, O. Tollin.</p>
+
+<p>194. <span class="sc">Great Blue Heron.</span> <i>Ardea herodias herodias.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Nearly the whole of North America,
+except the extreme north; resident south of the
+middle portions of the United States and migratory
+north of there.</p>
+
+<p>This handsome Heron is about four feet in
+length. Its general color is a bluish gray, relieved
+by a black crest, primaries and patches on the
+sides, and a white crown. In the south they breed
+in large colonies, often in company with many
+other species. In the northern portions of their
+range they breed singly or in companies of under
+a hundred individuals. They generally place
+their rude platforms of sticks well up in trees,
+near ponds, swamps or rivers, but in the most
+northerly parts of their range, where trees are
+scarce, they often build on the ground. Unless
+they are disturbed, they return to the same breeding
+grounds, year after year. They lay from three to five eggs of a greenish
+blue color. Size 2.50 &times; 1.50. Data.--Duck Island, Maine, May 20, 1883. Three
+eggs. Nest of sticks and twigs, about fifteen feet from the ground. Collector,
+R. B. Gray.</p>
+
+<p>194a. <span class="sc">Northwest Coast Heron.</span> <i>Ardea herodias fannini.</i></p>
+
+<p>This darker sub-species of the breeding is found along the Pacific coast,
+north to Sitka, Alaska. Its nests and eggs do not differ from the former
+species.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/123deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/123mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_122" id="Page_122"></a> 122
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/124ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/124a.png">
+<p>Snowy Egret.<br>
+Egret.</p></div>
+<p>194b. <span class="sc">Ward's Heron.</span> <i>Ardea herodias wardi.</i></p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is a resident in Florida. It is
+a lighter variety than the common. It nests together
+with the Great Blue Heron and its habits
+are the same.</p>
+
+<p>195. <span class="sc">European Heron.</span> <i>Ardea cinerea.</i></p>
+
+<p>This species is only an accidental straggler in
+Greenland. It is very similar to our Blue Heron
+and is the one which was formerly used to furnish
+sport for the royalty when falconry was at
+its height.</p>
+
+<p>196. <span class="sc">Egret.</span> <i>Herodias egretta.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Resident in the southern portions of
+the United States, straggling northward casually
+to the northern parts.</p>
+
+<p>This is one of the beautiful Herons which have
+been sought by plume hunters till they are upon
+the verge of extermination. They are entirely
+white, with a long train of beautiful straight
+"aigrettes" flowing from the middle of the back.
+In remote localities, quite large colonies of them
+may still be found, but where they numbered
+thousands, years ago, they can be counted by
+dozens now. They breed in impenetrable swamps,
+very often in company with the following species,
+and also with Louisiana and Little Blue
+Herons, and White Ibises. Their nests are but
+frail platforms, generally in bushes over the
+water. Their usual complement of eggs numbers
+from three to five, four as the most common number.
+They are generally laid during the latter
+part of May, but often on account of their being
+disturbed, nests with eggs may be found in July.
+The eggs are a light bluish green in color. Size
+2.25 &times; 1.45. Data.--Gainesville, Florida, April 14, 1894. Four eggs on a platform
+of sticks and grass, in a button-wood bush over six feet of water. Collector,
+George Graham.</p>
+
+<p>197. <span class="sc">Snowy Egret.</span> <i>Egretta candidissima candidissima.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/124b.png">
+<p>Light greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Common now only in restricted localities
+in the Gulf States and Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This species, which is smaller than the last,
+being but twenty-four inches in length, is also
+adorned with "aigrettes," but they are beautifully
+recurved at the tips. Owing to the merciless
+slaughter to which they have been subjected,
+their ranks have been woefully decimated,
+and it is to be hoped that the remaining
+ones may be safely protected. Their nesting
+habits are the same as the last, although, of
+course, the eggs are smaller. Size 1.80 &times; 1.25.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_123" id="Page_123"></a> 123
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/125a.png">
+<p>Reddish Egret.<br>
+Louisiana Heron.</p></div>
+
+<p>198. <span class="sc">Reddish Egret.</span> <i>Dichromanassa rufescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--In the United States, this species is
+confined chiefly to the Gulf States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/125b.png">
+<p>Pale bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>It is somewhat larger than the last species, the
+head and neck are rufous, the body is bluish gray,
+and the back is adorned with slender gray plumes.
+It also has a white phase. This Egret is very
+abundant along the whole Gulf coast, but especially
+so in Texas. Their nesting habits are identical
+with those of the other small Herons and
+Egrets. The three or four eggs are rather of a
+more greenish blue than the preceding. Size 1.90
+&times; 1.45. Data.--Gainesville, Florida, April 14, 1894.
+Three eggs. Nest of sticks and straw in a button-wood
+tree, two feet above the water. Collector,
+George Graham.</p>
+
+<p>199. <span class="sc">Louisiana Heron.</span> <i>Hydranassa tricolor
+ruficollis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Sub-tropical America, north regularly
+to the Gulf States and casually farther.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/125c.png">
+<p>Pale bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Heron is of about the size of the Reddish
+Egret, but the neck is longer, more slender and
+dark, while the chin, throat and underparts
+are white. The plumes from the back are
+short, reaching barely to the end of the
+tail. They nest in large colonies in company
+with Egrets and Little Blue Herons,
+placing their nests in the mangroves, only
+a few feet above the water. Their nests are
+the same as those of the other species, a
+slight platform of sticks, and the three to
+five eggs are practically not distinguishable
+from those of the Snowy or Little Blue
+Herons. Size 1.75 &times; 1.35.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/125mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_124" id="Page_124"></a> 124
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/126ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/126a.png">
+<p>Little Blue Heron.<br>
+Green Heron.</p></div>
+
+<p>200. <span class="sc">Little Blue Heron.</span> <i>Florida c&aelig;rulea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf coasts, north
+casually to New England and Manitoba; west to
+Kansas and Nebraska.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/126b.png">
+<p>Pale bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>A smaller species than the preceding, length
+22 inches, plumage a uniform slaty blue changing
+to purplish red on the head and neck. They
+also have a white phase, but always show traces
+of the slaty blue, especially on the primaries.
+Young birds are always white. They breed in
+immense rookeries during April and May. Their
+nesting habits and eggs are very similar to the
+last species, although the eggs average a trifle
+smaller. Size 1.75 &times; 1.25. Data.--Avery's Island,
+Louisiana, April 21, 1896. 5 eggs. Nest a flat
+and frail platform of twigs in a Mimosa tree
+growing in floating turf, over deep water in a
+large swamp. Collector, E. A. McIlhenny.</p>
+
+<p>201. <span class="sc">Green Heron.</span> <i>Butorides virescens
+virescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate and sub-tropical America,
+breeding north to the British Provinces.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 250px"><img alt="" src="images/126c.png">
+<p>Light bluish green.</p></div>
+<p>This is the smallest of our Herons, and is well known all over the country.
+Sometimes they breed in numbers in rookeries, in company with the larger
+Herons, but in most sections of the country they will be found nesting, one or
+two pairs together, along the border of some
+swamp or stream. They have a greater diversity
+of building sites, than do any of the other Herons
+and frequently nest a long ways from water.
+Their nests may be found in alders, birches or
+even apple trees. It is the usual Heron type of
+platform, upon which the three to six eggs are
+laid. They are a pale greenish blue in color, and
+measure 1.45 &times; 1.10. Data.--Avery's Island, Louisiana,
+April 10, 1894. 5 eggs on a platform of
+twigs placed in a willow tree growing on the edge
+of a pond. Collected by E. A. McIlhenny.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_125" id="Page_125"></a> 125
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>201a. <span class="sc">Frazar's Green Heron.</span> <i>Butorides virescens frazari.</i></p>
+
+<p>A darker variety found in Lower California; nesting the same as the common
+species.</p>
+
+<p>201b. <span class="sc">Anthony's Green Heron.</span> <i>Butorides virescens anthonyi.</i></p>
+
+<p>A lighter, desert form found in the arid portions of the interior of southwestern
+United States and Mexico.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/127.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF GREEN HERON.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/127mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_126" id="Page_126"></a> 126
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/128ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/128a.png">
+<p>Black-crowned Night Heron.
+Yellow-crowned Heron.</p></div>
+<p>202. <span class="sc">Black-crowned Night Heron</span>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Nycticorax nycticorax naevius</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America from southern British
+Provinces, southward; winters along the Gulf
+coast and beyond.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/128b.png">
+<p>Pale bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>A well known bird, often called "quawk" from
+the sound of its note frequently heard in the evening.
+While, in some localities, only a few pairs
+of these birds are found nesting together, most
+of them gather together into large colonies during
+the breeding season. In New England they
+generally select a remote pine grove as their
+breeding grounds. If not disturbed they will return
+to this same place each year. Their nests
+are built of sticks and lined with small twigs,
+and are placed well up towards the tops of the
+trees.</p>
+
+<p>Frequently several nests will be found in the
+same tree, and I have counted as many as fifty
+nests in view at the same time. In large swamps
+in the south they generally nest at a low elevation,
+while in the marshes of Wisconsin and Minnesota, large colonies of them
+nest on the ground, making their nest of rushes. Like all Heronries, those of
+this species have a nauseating odor, from the remains of decayed fish, etc.,
+which are strewn around the bases of the trees. Their eggs number from three
+to five and are of a pale bluish green color. Size 2.00 &times; 1.40. Data.--Uxbridge,
+Mass., May 30, 1898. 4 eggs. Nest of sticks, about thirty feet up in a pine tree.
+Many other nests. Collector, H. A. Smith.</p>
+
+<p>203. <span class="sc">Yellow-crowned Night Heron</span>. <i>Nyctanassa violacea</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Sub-tropical America, breeding along the Gulf coast and to Lower
+California; casually farther north, to Illinois and South Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>A handsome grayish colored species, with long lanceolate plumes on the
+back, and two or three fine white plumes from the back of the head, like those
+of the Black-crowned species. Its black head, with tawny white crown and ear
+coverts, renders it unmistakable. This species nests in colonies or by pairs,
+like the preceding, and very often in company with other Herons. They lay
+from three to six eggs, very similar in size, shape and color to those of the
+Black-crowned Heron.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_127" id="Page_127"></a> 127
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>CRANES, RAILS, etc. Order VIII. PALUDICOL&AElig;</h2>
+
+<h3>CRANES. Family GRUIDAE</h3>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/129.png">
+<p>Whooping Crane.<br>
+Little Brown Crane.</p></div>
+
+<p>Cranes are large, long-legged, long-necked birds, somewhat resembling
+Herons. Their structure and mode of living partakes more of the nature of
+the Rails, however. They are found upon the prairies, where besides shell
+fish from the ponds, they feed largely upon grasshoppers, worms, etc.</p>
+
+<p>204. <span class="sc">Whooping Crane.</span> <i>Grus americana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of North America, breeding
+from about the latitude of Iowa northward to the
+Arctic regions; winters in the Gulf states and
+southward.</p>
+
+<p>The Whooping Crane is the largest of the family
+in America, measuring 50 inches or more in
+length. The plumage of the adults is pure white,
+with black primaries. The bare parts of the head
+and face are carmine. It is a very locally distributed
+species, in some sections being practically
+unknown, while in a neighboring locality it
+may be rated as common. They are very shy
+birds and are not easily obtained. They nest
+either upon the solid earth or in marshy places
+over the water. In either case the nest is a very
+bulky mass of grass and weeds from two to three
+feet in diameter and raised perhaps a foot above
+the ground. They lay two eggs of a brownish
+buff color, irregularly blotched with brown, and
+with fainter marking of gray. Size 3.75 x 2.50.
+Data.--Torkton, northern Assiniboia, northwest
+Canada. Nest a mass of marsh hay, three feet in
+diameter, on the prairie. The birds seen, but very
+wary. Collector, Cowbry Brown.</p>
+
+<p>205. <span class="sc">Little Brown Crane.</span> <i>Grus canadensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America in the interior, breeding
+from Hudson Bay and southern Alaska north
+to the Arctic coast; south in winter to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This uniform gray colored Crane differs from
+the next species only in size, being about three
+feet in length, while the Sandhill averages three
+and one-half feet. The eggs cannot be distinguished
+with any certainty.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/129deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/129mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_128" id="Page_128"></a> 128
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/130ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/130a.png"><br>
+Brownish buff.<br>
+EGG OF WHOOPING CRANE.</p>
+<br><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/130b.png"><br>
+Buff.<br>
+EGG OF LITTLE BROWN CRANE.</p>
+<br><br>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_129" id="Page_129"></a> 129
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/131a.png">
+<p>Sandhill Crane.<br>
+Limpkin.</p></div>
+<p>206. <span class="sc">Sandhill Crane.</span> <i>Grus mexicana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North America, breeding
+from the Gulf States, locally north to the southern
+parts of the British Provinces.</p>
+
+<p>This is the most common and the most southerly
+distributed member of the family. In some
+sections of Florida and Texas it is regarded as
+abundant. They nest in marshy places near secluded
+ponds. The nests are masses of grass,
+weeds and roots, generally placed in marshes and
+entirely surrounded by water. The two eggs are
+similar to those of the Whooping Crane, but the
+ground color is lighter. The eggs of the two species
+cannot always, with certainty, be distinguished.
+Size 3.75 x 2.40. Data.--Carman, Manitoba,
+May 31, 1903. 2 eggs. Nest on a knoll in a
+marsh, hidden by dead rushes and weeds; a flat
+loose structure of broken rushes and reeds. Collector,
+Chris Forge.</p>
+
+<h2>COURLANS. Family ARAMID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>207. <span class="sc">Limpkin.</span> <i>Aramus vociferus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This bird is a native of the West
+Indies and Central America, but occurs regularly
+north to the southern portions of Florida.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>This strange bird is the only member of its family
+found in the United States. It may be likened
+to a large Rail or a small Crane, being apparently,
+a connecting link between the two. It is about
+two feet in length, and the plumage is mottled
+brownish and white. It lives in the marshes,
+from whence, until late at night, emanate its
+strange cries, which are likened to those of a
+child in distress. They nest in the most impenetrable
+parts of swamps, building their nests of rushes, grass and weeds, in
+tangled masses of vines a few feet above the ground or water. They lay from
+three to eight eggs having a ground color of buff or grayish white and blotched
+with light brown. Their coloration is very similar to those of the Cranes.
+Size 2.30 x 1.70. They nest in April and May.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/131b.png"><br>
+Buffy white.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/131mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_130" id="Page_130"></a> 130
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/132.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF LITTLE BROWN CRANE.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_131" id="Page_131"></a> 131
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>RAILS, GALLINULES and COOTS. Family RALLID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>Members of this family are almost exclusively frequenters of marshes,
+where they lead a shy, retiring life and are more often heard than seen.</p>
+
+<p>208. <span class="sc">King Rail.</span> <i>Rallus elegans.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Fresh water marshes of eastern United States from New England
+and the Dakotas, southward. Very abundant on the South Atlantic coast, in
+the inland marshes.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/133a.png">
+<p>Cream color.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is one of the largest of the Rails, (17
+inches in length) and may be known by the
+richness of its plumage, the breast and wing
+coverts being a rich cinnamon color. It is
+almost exclusively a fresh water species and is
+very rarely found around a salt water marsh.
+Its nest is built on the ground, in a tuft of grass
+and weeds woven about the upright stalks.
+They lay from five to twelve eggs having a
+cream colored ground, sparingly speckled with
+brown and lilac. Size 1.60 &times; 1.20. Data.--Clark
+County, Missouri, June 6, 1893. 10 eggs. Nest
+composed of reed stalks; a slightly concave mass 8 inches across, and only
+two inches above the water, in a clump of reeds. Collector, Ed. S. Currier.</p>
+
+<p>209. <span class="sc">Belding's Rail.</span> <i>Rallus beldingi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California and the islands in the Gulf.</p>
+
+<p>This is a locally confined species, very similar to the preceding but darker
+and with the flank bars narrower. Its nesting or eggs will not differ from those
+of the King Rail.</p>
+
+<p>210. <span class="sc">California Clapper Rail.</span> <i>Rallus obsoletus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Salt marshes of the Pacific coast of the United States.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/133b.png">
+<p>Light buff.</p></div>
+<p>This species is like a dull colored King Rail,
+with reference to the markings of the back, or
+a bright colored Clapper Rail, as it has a cinnamon
+colored breast. It is an abundant species
+in nearly all the salt marshes along the coast.
+They make their nests on the higher parts of
+the marsh, where it is comparatively dry, building
+them of grass and strips of rushes. They
+lay from four to nine eggs of a light buff color,
+boldly spotted with brown, and with fainter
+markings of lilac. Size 1.75 &times; 1.25. Data.--Palo
+Alto, Cal., May 1, 1899. Nest of marsh
+grass under a small bush on bank of slough.
+Collector, Ernest Adams.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/133mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_132" id="Page_132"></a> 132
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/134ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/134a.png">
+<p>King Rail.<br>
+Clapper Rail.</p></div>
+
+<p>211. <span class="sc">Clapper Rail.</span> <i>Rallus crepitans crepitans.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Salt marshes of the Atlantic coast
+from southern New England southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/134b.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>A grayish colored Rail, about the size of, and
+with the markings similar to those of the King
+Rail. It is as exclusively a salt water species as
+the King Rail is a fresh water one. With the
+possible exception of the Carolina or Sora Rail,
+this is the most abundant of all the Rails, hundreds
+nesting in a single marsh on the South
+Atlantic coast. Their nests are built of rushes
+and weeds, and are placed on the ground either in
+the tall grass bordering the marshes or attached
+to the rushes in the midst of the marsh. The
+nesting season commences during April and continues
+through May. They lay from six to fourteen
+eggs, of a buff color spotted irregularly with
+brown and gray. Size 1.70 &times; 1.20.</p>
+
+<p>211a. <span class="sc">Louisiana Clapper Rail.</span> <i>Rallus crepitans saturatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>The habitation of this subspecies is limited to
+the coast of Louisiana. It is very similar to the proceeding but is said to be
+brighter in plumage.</p>
+
+<p>211b. <span class="sc">Florida Clapper Rail.</span> <i>Rallus crepitans scotti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western coast of Florida.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is also similar to crepitans but is much darker and brighter.</p>
+
+<p>211c. <span class="sc">Wayne's Clapper Rail.</span> <i>Rallus crepitans waynei</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic coast from North Carolina to Florida.</p>
+
+<p>This subspecies is a little darker than crepitans, being about midway between
+that species and Rallus scotti. The nests and eggs of any of these sub-species
+cannot be distinguished from those of the common Clapper Rail.</p>
+
+<p>211.2. <span class="sc">Caribbean Clapper Rail.</span> <i>Rallus longirostris caribaeus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--West Indies and east coast of Mexico, north to southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the Clapper, but has a shorter and relatively stouter
+bill.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_133" id="Page_133"></a> 133
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/135a.png">
+<p>Sora.<br>
+Virginia Rail.</p></div>
+<p>212. <span class="sc">Virginia Rail.</span> <i>Rallus virginianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North America, breeding
+from the Middle States and California, northward
+to British Columbia and Labrador, and wintering
+along the Gulf coast; most abundant in the east.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/135b.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>A small Rail, 9 inches
+long, very similar in
+markings and coloration
+to the King Rail.
+It is found chiefly in
+fresh water swamps,
+where it builds its nests
+in tufts of rushes. The
+eggs number from six
+to fourteen, and are
+creamy white, or white,
+speckled with reddish brown. Size 1.25 &times; .90 Data.--Fighting
+Island, Detroit River, Michigan, May
+30, 1904. Nest made of marsh grass, in rushes, 6
+inches above the water. Collector, E. Leroy King.</p>
+
+<p>213. <span class="sc">Spotted Crake.</span> <i>Porzana porzana.</i></p>
+
+<p>This common European species is casually
+found in Greenland. It breeds in large numbers
+throughout temperate Europe, nesting as do the
+American Rails.</p>
+
+<p>214. <span class="sc">Sora.</span> <i>Porzana carolina.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North America, breeding
+from the southern parts of the British possessions,
+south to the Gulf coast.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/135c.png">
+<p>Bright buff.</p></div>
+<p>This abundant species of Rail may be readily
+known by its small size, about eight inches long,
+and the black face and throat of the adult. These
+are the "Rail-birds" or "Ortolans" which are annually
+slaughtered by thousands, for sport and marketing, during their fall migration.
+It is only because of the large families
+that they rear, that they are able to withstand this
+yearly decimation of their ranks. They nest
+either in salt or fresh water marshes, making a
+rude structure of grass, weeds and strips of rushes,
+on the ground, generally concealed in a tuft of grass
+in a tangled swamp or marsh. During May, they
+lay from six to sixteen eggs of a bright, buffy gray
+color, spotted with reddish brown and lavender.
+Size 1.25 &times; .90.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/135deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/135mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_134" id="Page_134"></a> 134
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/136ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/136a.png">
+<p>Yellow Rail.<br>
+Black Rail.</p></div>
+
+<p>215. <span class="sc">Yellow Rail.</span> <i>Coturnicops noveboracensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Locally distributed in temperate North
+America, from New England and Nova Scotia, to
+California and British Columbia; south to the
+Gulf States in winter.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/136b.png">
+<p>Rich buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is a very handsome species, with plumage
+of glossy brown, yellowish buff, black and white;
+length seven inches. They are very shy and secretive,
+and are probably
+more common than generally
+supposed. Their nesting
+habits are the same
+as those of the preceding.
+Their eggs are of a rich
+buff color, speckled in the
+form of a wreath about
+the large end, with reddish
+brown. They are
+relatively narrower than
+those of other Rails. Size
+1.10 &times; .80. Data.--Benson Co., North Dakota, June
+4, 1901. Set of ten eggs collected by Rev. P. B.
+Peabody. This set is in the collection of Mr.
+John Lewis Childs.</p>
+
+<p>216. <span class="sc">Black Rail.</span> <i>Creciscus jamaicensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North America, breeding
+from northern United States southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/136c.png">
+</div>
+
+<p>Smallest of the rails; 5 inches in length. A
+dark slaty colored bird with
+white specks, and a patch of
+dark chestnut on the fore
+back. This diminutive species
+is very hard to find because
+of its retiring habits,
+but according to Mr. Brewster
+it may be located by the
+clicking sound of its song.</p>
+
+<p>Their nests are woven of strips of rushes or grasses, and are well "cupped"
+to receive the eggs. They are on the ground on the border of, or in, marshy
+places. Mr. Childs has a fine set of eight eggs, taken by Arthur T. Wayne, at
+Mt. Pleasant, S. C., June 10, 1903. The nest was located in an oat field. The
+eggs have a creamy white ground, and are specked all over with reddish brown.
+Size 1.03 &times; .75.</p>
+
+<p>216.1. <span class="sc">Farallon Rail.</span> <i>Creciscus coturniculus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Known only from a single specimen, which is slightly smaller than <i>jamaicensis</i>
+and without the white specks on the back.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/136deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_135" id="Page_135"></a> 135
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+      <div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/137a.png">
+<p>Purple Gallinule.<br>
+Corn Crake.</p></div>
+
+<p>217. <span class="sc">Corn Crake.</span> <i>Crex crex.</i></p>
+
+<p>This European Rail is casually found in Greenland
+and along the Atlantic coast of North America.
+It is the most abundant of European Rails
+and is found breeding in marshes, meadows and
+along streams.</p>
+
+<p>218. <span class="sc">Purple Gallinule.</span> <i>Ionornis martinicus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States; casually
+north in eastern United States to Massachusetts
+and Ohio.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/137b.png">
+<p>Pale buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>A very handsome bird with purplish head,
+neck and under parts, and a greenish back. Like
+all the Gallinules and Coots, this species has a
+scaly crown plate. An abundant breeding species
+in the southern parts of its range. Its nests are
+made of rushes or grasses woven together and
+either attached to living rushes or placed in tufts
+of grass. They lay from six to ten eggs of a
+creamy or pale buff color sparingly blotched with
+chestnut. Size 1.60 &times; 1.15. Data.--Avery's Island,
+Louisiana, May 7, 1896. Ten eggs. Nest of dry rushes, woven to standing ones
+growing around an "alligator hole" in a marsh. Collector, E. A. McIlhenny.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/137deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/137mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_136" id="Page_136"></a> 136
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/138ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/138a.png">
+<p>Florida Gallinule.<br>
+Coot.</p></div>
+<p>219. <span class="sc">Florida Gallinule.</span> <i>Gallinula galeata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North America, from New
+England, Manitoba and California, southward.</p>
+
+<p>A grayish colored bird of similar size to the
+last (13 inches long), with flanks streaked with
+white, and with the bill and crown plate reddish.
+They nest in
+colonies in
+marshes and
+swamps, building
+their nests
+like those of
+the Purple
+Gallinule. The
+eggs, too, are
+similar, but
+larger and
+slightly duller.
+Size 1.75 &times; 1.20.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/138b.png">
+<p>Pale buff.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>Data.--Montezuma
+marshes, Florida, June 6, 1894. Eleven
+eggs. Nest of dead flaggs, floating in two feet of
+water. Collector, Robert Warwick.</p>
+
+<p>220. <span class="sc">European Coot.</span> <i>Fulica atra.</i></p>
+
+<p>A European species very similar to the next,
+and only casually found in Greenland. Nesting
+the same as our species.</p>
+
+<p>221. <span class="sc">Coot.</span> <i>Fulica americana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of temperate North America,
+from the southern parts of the British Provinces,
+southward; very common in suitable localities
+throughout its range.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 275px"><img alt="" src="images/138c.png">
+<p>Grayish.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Coot bears some resemblance to the
+Florida Gallinule, but is somewhat larger,
+its bill is white with a blackish band about
+the middle, and each toe has a scalloped
+web. They inhabit the same marshes and
+sloughs that are used by the Rails and Gallinules
+as nesting places, and they have the
+same retiring habits, skulking through the
+grass to avoid observation, rather than flying.
+Their nests are either floating piles
+of decayed vegetation, or are built of dead
+rushes in clumps of rushes on the banks.
+They generally build in large colonies. The
+eggs number from six to sixteen and have
+a grayish ground color, finely specked all over the surface with blackish. Size
+1.80 &times; 1.30.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/138deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_137" id="Page_137"></a> 137
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>SHORE BIRDS. Order IX. LIMICOL&AElig;</h2>
+
+<h3>PHALAROPES. Family PHALAROPODIDAE</h3>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/139a.png">
+<p>Red Phalarope.<br>
+Northern Phalarope.</p></div>
+<p>Phalaropes are small Plover-like birds, but with lobate webbed feet, similar
+to those of the Grebes and Coots.</p>
+
+<p>222. <span class="sc">Red Phalarope.</span> <i>Phalaropus fulicarius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere, breeding in the
+far north, and migrating to the middle portions
+of the United States, chiefly on the coasts.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/139b.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Red Phalarope during the breeding season
+has the underparts wholly reddish brown; they
+are very rarely seen in the United States in this
+dress, however for it is early changed for a suit
+of plain gray and white.
+This species has a much
+stouter bill than the two
+following; it is about nine
+inches in length. All the
+Phalaropes are good swimmers,
+and this species, especially,
+is often found in
+large flocks off the coast,
+floating on the surface of
+the water; they feed largely upon small marine
+insects. Nests in hollows on the ground, lined
+with a few grasses. The eggs are three or four
+in number, generally of a greenish buff color,
+spotted and blotched with brown and blackish.
+Data.--Myvates, Iceland, June 19, 1897. Collector,
+C. Jefferys.</p>
+
+<p>223. <span class="sc">Northern Phalarope.</span> <i>Lobipes labatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere, breeding in the
+northern parts of the British Provinces.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>This is the smallest of the Phalaropes, being
+about eight inches long; in summer it has a
+chestnut band across the breast and on the side
+of the neck.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/139c.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Its habits and nesting habits vary
+but little from those of the Red Phalarope, although
+its distribution is a little more southerly,
+and it is not as exclusively maritime as the preceding
+species. It is found on both coasts of the
+United States, but more common on the Pacific side,
+during the fall and spring, when going to or returning
+from its winter quarters in the tropics.
+Their eggs cannot, with certainty, be distinguished
+from the preceding species.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/139mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_138" id="Page_138"></a> 138
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/140ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/140a.png">
+<p>Male, female, young.<br>
+Wilson's Phalarope.</p></div>
+<p>224. <span class="sc">Wilson's Phalarope.</span> <i>Steganopus tricolor.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of temperate North America,
+breeding from the latitude of Iowa, northward,
+and wintering south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/140b.png">
+<p>Brownish buff.</p></div>
+<p>This is the most handsome species of the family,
+being of a very graceful form, of a grayish
+and white color, with a broad stripe through the
+eye and down the neck, where it fades insensibly
+into a rich chestnut
+color. It is an exclusively
+American
+species and is rarely
+found near the
+coast. It builds its
+nest generally in a
+tuft of grass, the
+nests also being of
+grass. The eggs
+are of a brownish or greenish buff color, spotted
+and blotched with black and brown. Size 1.30 &times;
+.90. Data.--Larimore, N. D., May 30, 1897. Nest
+a shallow depression, scratched in the sand, under
+a tuft of grass on an island. Collector, T. F.
+Eastgate.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/140deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_139" id="Page_139"></a> 139
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<h2>AVOCETS and STILTS. Family RECURVIROSTRID&AElig;</h2>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/141a.png">
+<p>American Avocet.<br>
+Black-necked Stilt.</p></div>
+<p>225. <span class="sc">Avocet</span>. <i>Recurvirostra americana</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, breeding
+north to Northwest Territory.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/141b.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Avocet can be known from any other bird
+by its up-curved bill, light plumage, webbed feet
+and large size (length about 17 inches). These
+waders are quite numerous in suitable localities
+throughout the west, constructing their nests in
+the grass, bordering marshy places. The nest is
+simply a lining of grass in a hollow in the ground.
+They lay three or four eggs of a dark greenish
+or brownish buff color, boldly marked with
+brown and black. Size 1.90 &times; 1.30. Data.--Rush
+Lake, Assiniboia. Four eggs laid in a depression
+in the sand, lined with dry weeds. Many birds
+nesting in the colony.</p>
+
+<p>226. <span class="sc">Black-necked Stilt</span>. <i>Himantopus mexicanus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Like the last, this species is rarely
+found east of the Mississippi, but is very abundant
+in the United States west of that river.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/141c.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>A black and white wader, with extremely
+long red legs; otherwise a gracefully
+formed bird. It breeds in large
+colonies anywhere in its range, making
+its nests of weeds and sometimes a few
+twigs, on the ground beside of, or in the
+marshes. Their eggs number three or
+four and are brownish or greenish buff
+with numerous markings of brownish
+black, these markings being somewhat
+lengthened and mostly running lengthwise
+of the shell. They nest during
+April in the southern parts of their
+range and through May and June in the
+northern. Size of eggs 1.80 &times; 1.25. Data.--Freshwater Lake, southern California,
+June 5, 1891. Four eggs laid on a mud flat near the water's edge; no nest.
+Collector, Evan Davis.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/141mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_140" id="Page_140"></a> 140
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/142ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<h2>SNIPES, SANDPIPERS, Family SCOLOPACID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>Members of this family are long-legged waders, of either large or small size,
+and found either about streams or ponds in the interior or along the coasts.
+They feed upon small shell fish, or insects which they get usually by probing
+in the soft mud.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/142a.png">
+<p>American Woodcock.<br>
+Wilson's Snipe.</p></div>
+<p>227. <span class="sc">European Woodcock</span>. <i>Scolopax rusticola</i>.</p>
+
+<p>This European bird is similar to the American
+Woodcock, but is larger and is barred beneath.
+Their habits are the same as those of our species.</p>
+
+<p>228. <span class="sc">Woodcock</span>. <i>Philohela minor</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, north to the
+British Provinces, breeding throughout its range.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/142b.png">
+<p>Buffy gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is one of the most eagerly sought game
+birds of the east. Their flight is very rapid and
+erratic, and accompanied by a peculiar whistling
+sound made by the rapid motion of the wings; it
+requires a skillful
+marksman to
+bring them down.
+They frequent
+boggy places especially
+"runs"
+lined with alders,
+where they bore
+in the soft ground
+for worms and
+grubs. Their
+eggs are laid upon
+the bare
+ground among
+the leaves and sticks; they are of about the color
+of dead leaves, as is also the bird, making it quite
+difficult to discover their nests. They lay three
+or four eggs of a buffy color, with yellowish brown
+spots. Size 1.50 &times; 1.15.</p>
+
+<p>229. <span class="sc">European Snipe</span>. <i>Gallinago gallinago</i>.</p>
+
+<p>A common species in Europe; of casual or accidental appearance in Greenland.
+The bird does not differ essentially from our Snipe and its habits are
+the same.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/142deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_141" id="Page_141"></a> 141
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/143.png"><br>
+WOODCOCK ON HER NEST.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>Page <a name="Page_142" id="Page_142"></a> 142</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/144.png"><br>
+WOODCOCK.</p>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_143" id="Page_143"></a> 143
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p><span class="sc">Wilson Snipe</span>. <i>Gallinago delicata</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from northern United States northward;
+winters along the Gulf States and to California, and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/145a.png">
+<p>Olive gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>Another favorite game bird, but one which requires
+skill to hunt successfully. Of about the
+same size as the Woodcock (11 inches long).
+This species, to a great extent frequents the same
+haunts used by Woodcock, but is especially fond
+of open marshy meadows, with winding brooks.
+Their nests are depressions in grassy banks, generally
+unlined; the three or four eggs have an
+olive gray color and are strongly marked with
+blackish brown. Size 1.50 &times; 1.10. Data.--Lake
+Winnipegosis, Manitoba, June 10, 1903. Nest in
+a hollow on a tuft of marsh grass, the four eggs
+having their points together. Collector, Walter
+Raine.</p>
+
+<p>230.1. <span class="sc">Greater Snipe</span>. <i>Gallinago media</i>.</p>
+
+<p>A European species, only American as having accidentally occurred at Hudson
+Bay; similar in appearance to the preceding species.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/145b.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF WOODCOCK.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/145mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_144" id="Page_144"></a> 144
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/146ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/146a.png">
+<p>Dowitcher.</p></div>
+
+<p>231. <span class="sc">Dowitcher</span>. <i>Macrorhamphus griseus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, most abundant in
+the eastern parts; breeds in the extreme north,
+and winters from the Gulf States to Northern
+South America.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/146b.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is
+commonly known
+as "Red-breasted
+Snipe" in late
+spring and summer
+because of
+the rich, rusty
+red coloration of
+the underparts,
+and as "Gray-back"
+in winter
+because of its
+color at that season.
+They are very common along the Atlantic
+coast during the Spring migration; they
+can be easily identified by their very long
+bills, which are over two inches in length and
+nearly one quarter the length of the whole
+bird. They nest during June, placing their three or four eggs in a slight hollow,
+which may or may not be lined with dried grass or leaves. The eggs have
+a greenish or brownish buff color and are boldly marked with dark brown.
+They do not differ greatly from those of the Snipe. Data.--Mackenzie River,
+June 27, 1900. Four eggs in a hollow in the grass, lined with dead grass. Collector,
+Walter Raine.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/146c.png"><br>
+LOON.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_145" id="Page_145"></a> 145
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/147a.png">
+<p>Long-billed.</p></div>
+<p>232. <span class="sc">Long-billed Dowitcher</span>. <i>Macrorhamphus griseus scolopaceus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, but not common
+on the Atlantic coast; breeds in the Arctic
+regions and migrates chiefly through the central
+and western parts of the United States to Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/147b.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+<p>This bird is practically the same as the last, but
+is a trifle larger and the bill averages about a
+half inch longer. They are very numerous in
+their breeding
+haunts, and, during
+their migrations, fly
+in large compact
+flocks. They are
+not very timid, and
+consequently fall an
+easy prey to the gunners.
+Their nesting
+habits and eggs are
+the same as the last
+species, except that
+the eggs may average a trifle larger. Size 1.75 &times;
+1.15. Data.--Norton Is., Alaska, June, 1900. Nest
+a small hollow in the dry ground. Four eggs.
+Collector, Capt. H. H. Bodfish.</p>
+
+<p>233. <span class="sc">Stilt Sandpiper</span>. <i>Micropalama himantopus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Rocky
+Mountains; breeds in the Arctic regions and winters
+from the Gulf States southward.</p>
+
+<p>In the summer, these birds may be known by
+the reddish coloration of the underparts, which
+are numerously barred; they are smaller than
+the preceding, length about eight inches. Their
+nesting habits are the same as those of the majority
+of the members of the family. The three
+or four eggs are buffy or grayish, and are blotched and spotted with shades of
+brown. Size 1.40 &times; 1.00.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/147deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/147mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_146" id="Page_146"></a> 146
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/148ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/148a.png">
+<p>Knot.<br>
+Purple Sandpiper.</p></div>
+
+<p>234. <span class="sc">Knot</span>. <i>Tringa canutus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions in summer; south
+through the United States, chiefly on the Atlantic
+coast, to South America.</p>
+
+<p>Of about the same size as the Dowitchers, length
+10.5 inches, but with a much shorter bill. In
+summer the entire under parts are a uniform reddish
+chestnut color. They are known to breed
+in Arctic America, from Point Barrow and Hudson
+Bay, northward, but no authentic eggs are
+known, at present, to exist in collections. One
+taken from a bird by Lieut. Greely, was a pea
+green color, specked with brown; size 1.10 &times; 1.00.
+As it was not fully developed, it was probably
+correct neither as to size nor color.</p>
+
+<p>235. <span class="sc">Purple Sandpiper</span>. <i>Arquatella maritima maritima</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions, wintering south to the
+Middle States and the Great Lakes, but chiefly
+on the coast.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/148b.png">
+<p>Grayish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>A grayish and blackish colored species, about
+nine inches long. It nests in northern Labrador,
+about Hudson Bay and
+in Iceland. Its eggs are
+a grayish buff color
+handsomely splashed
+with rich shades of
+brown and obscure
+markings of darker
+gray. Data.--Northern
+Iceland, June 7,
+1897. Four eggs. Nest
+a hollow in the ground
+among grass and weeds and lined with a few
+grasses. Collector, C. Jefferys.</p>
+
+<p>235a. <span class="sc">Aleutian Sandpiper</span>. <i>Arguatella maritima couesi</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Supposed to be a resident on the coast and islands of Alaska, from
+the Aleutians northward.</p>
+
+<p>A very similar species to the preceding; scarcely distinguishable. These
+Sandpipers, which are found in Alaska at all seasons of the year, breed during
+May and June. Their nesting habits are the same as those of the preceding
+bird and the eggs are indistinguishable. Size 1.40 &times; 1.00. Data.--Unalaska,
+Bering Sea, June 3, 1898. Nest containing four eggs, a depression in the moss,
+lined with grasses and bits of moss. The eggs were laid with their small ends
+together.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/148deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_147" id="Page_147"></a> 147
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/149a.png">
+<p>Sharp-tailed Sandpiper.<br>
+Pectoral Sandpiper.</p></div>
+<p>237. <span class="sc">Pribilof Sandpiper</span>. <i>Arquatella maritina ptilocnemis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast and islands of Bering Sea, south
+in winter to southern Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This bird, which is ten inches in length, has
+the feathers of the upper parts edged with
+rusty, and the underparts light, with a distinguishing
+patch of black on the breast. Similar in
+appearance to the Red-backed Sandpiper, but not
+so reddish above, and the latter has the black
+patch on the belly. They breed commonly on
+the Pribilof and other islands in Bering Sea,
+nesting the same as other Sandpipers. Their four
+eggs are similar to those of the preceding, but
+average darker. Size 1.50 &times; 1.05.</p>
+
+<p>238. <span class="sc">Sharp-tailed Sandpiper</span>. <i>Pisobia aurita</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--An Asiatic species, quite abundant in
+Alaska in the summer; supposed to migrate
+south in winter, wholly on the Asiatic side of
+the Pacific.</p>
+
+<p>A similar bird, in appearance, to the following,
+but slightly smaller and with the breast more
+ruddy. Its nesting habits probably do not differ
+from those of the following Sandpiper.</p>
+
+<p>239. <span class="sc">Pectoral Sandpiper</span>. <i>Pisobia maculata</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding in
+the Arctic regions, and wintering south of the
+United States, most abundant in the eastern parts
+of the United States during migrations.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/149b.png">
+</div>
+
+<p>This species is blackish brown above, with
+light brown edgings to the feathers, and white
+below, except the chest, which is brownish,
+streaked with black. A very peculiar species,
+having the power, during the mating season, of inflating
+the throat to a great extent, making a balloon-like
+appendage, nearly the size of the bird. They
+have more the habits of Snipe, than do most of the
+Sandpipers, frequenting grassy meadows or marshes,
+in preference to the seashore. Their nests are
+grass lined depressions, and the eggs are grayish
+or greenish buff, blotched with brown. Size 1.45 &times;
+1.00. Data.--Cape Smythe, Alaska, June 1900. Four
+eggs in a hollow in the ground, lined with grass.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/149deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/149mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_148" id="Page_148"></a> 148
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/150ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/150a.png">
+<p>White-rumped Sandpiper.<br>
+Baird's Sandpiper.<br>
+Least Sandpiper.</p></div>
+
+<p>240. <span class="sc">White-rumped Sandpiper</span>. <i>Pisobia fuscicollis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from Labrador
+and southern Greenland, northward and wintering
+from central to Southern South America;
+most common on the Atlantic coast.</p>
+
+<p>This species is 7.5 inches in length, and has
+white upper tail coverts; otherwise it is marked
+similarly to the preceding Sandpiper. Its nesting
+habits are the same as those of the majority
+of the family, and the three or four eggs that they
+lay cannot be distinguished from those of the following
+species. Size 1.30 &times; .90. These are one
+of the most common of the beach birds along
+the Atlantic coast during migrations; they are
+very often known as Bonaparte Sandpipers.</p>
+
+<p>241. <span class="sc">Baird's Sandpiper</span>. <i>Pisobia bairdi</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, chiefly in the interior,
+breeding along the Arctic coast and about Hudson
+Bay, and wintering south of the United
+States.</p>
+
+<p>A very similar species to the preceding, but
+without the white rump. Their nests are hollows
+in the ground, generally concealed in a tuft of
+grass, and lined with grasses and a few leaves.
+They lay three or four eggs having a grayish
+colored ground, and marked with different shades
+of brown, and also with some faint markings of
+lilac. Size 1.30 &times; .90. Data.--Peel River, Arctic
+America, June 18, 1898. Four eggs, taken with
+the bird by an Indian. Eggs in a slight hollow
+on the river bank.</p>
+
+<p>242. <span class="sc">Least Sandpiper</span>. <i>Pisobia minutilla</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from the southern parts of the British
+Provinces northward; winters from southern United States southward. Common
+in the interior and on both coasts.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/150b.png">
+<p>Grayish.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is the smallest of our Sandpipers, being under six
+inches in length. Except for size, they are similar in
+appearance to Baird's Sandpiper, only the back is browner.
+A very abundant species during migrations, being found
+on the seashore or in marshes, nearly always in company
+with other species of the family. Their nests are the same
+as other Sandpipers, and the eggs are grayish, thickly
+specked with brown. Size 1.15 &times; .80. Data.--Peel River,
+Arctic America, June 20, 1899. Nest simply a depression
+in the river bank, lined with grass.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_149" id="Page_149"></a> 149
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/151a.png">
+<p>Red-backed Sandpiper.<br>
+Curlew Sandpiper.</p></div>
+<p>242.1. <span class="sc">Long-toed Stint</span>. <i>Pisobia damacensis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>An Asiatic species accidentally found on the
+Alaskan shores. It is a very similar bird to the
+Least Sandpiper, and about the same size. As
+implied by its name, it has unusually long toes.</p>
+
+<p>243. <span class="sc">Dunlin</span>. <i>Pelidna alpina alpina</i>.</p>
+
+<p>A very common Sandpiper in the British Isles
+and in Europe, but only casually occurring as a
+straggler along the Atlantic coast. Very similar
+to the next species, but a trifle smaller. The nest
+and eggs do not differ from the following.</p>
+
+<p>243a. <span class="sc">Red-backed Sandpiper</span>. <i>Pelidna alpina sakhalina</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/151b.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding
+from southern Greenland, Labrador, Hudson Bay
+and the Yukon, northward, wintering from the
+Gulf States southward.
+This handsome
+species is
+similar to the Pribilof
+Sandpiper, but is
+smaller (length 8
+inches), the upperparts
+are more reddish,
+the breast
+more heavily streaked,
+and it has a black
+patch on the belly instead of on the breast as in
+ptilocnemis. Their nesting habits are similar to
+others of the family; they lay three or four eggs
+with a brownish or greenish buff color, heavily
+blotched and spotted with shades of brown and
+chestnut. Size 1.40 &times; 1.00. Data.--- Peel River, Arctic America, June 30, 1899.
+Nest a simple cavity in the ground, lined with a few grasses and three or four
+leaves. Collector, J. O. Stringer.</p>
+
+<p>244. <span class="sc">Curlew Sandpiper</span>. <i>Erolia ferruginea</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--A common Old World species, but regarded as rare in eastern North
+America and northern Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>A bird of slighter build, but similar coloration to the Knot; smaller (length
+eight inches) and with a slightly decurved bill. Until within recent years, eggs
+of these birds were rarely seen in collections, and I believe they have not yet
+been taken in this country, although a few pairs nest along our Arctic coast.
+Their eggs are very similar to those of the Red-backed Sandpiper, but average
+somewhat larger. Size 1.50 &times; 1.05. Data.--Kola, northern Lapland, June 15,
+1898. Four eggs laid in a grass-lined hollow in the ground. Collector, J.
+Ramberg.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/151mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_150" id="Page_150"></a> 150
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/152ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/152a.png">
+<p>Spoonbill Sandpiper.<br>
+Semipalmated Sandpiper.</p></div>
+
+<p>245. <span class="sc">Spoonbill Sandpiper</span>. <i>Eurynorhynchus pygmeus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>A very rare Asiatic species, which has been
+taken in Kotzebue Sound, Alaska. A very peculiar
+bird having the end of the bill broadened
+and flattened into a sort of spatula. Otherwise
+very similar to the Least Sandpiper, but with
+the breast and sides of neck ruddy in summer.
+About 75 specimens of this rare bird are known
+to exist.</p>
+
+<p>246. <span class="sc">Semipalmated Sandpiper</span>. <i>Ereunetes pusillus</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/152b.png">
+<p>Grayish.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, but chiefly
+in the eastern and central parts, breeding about
+the ponds and streams of Labrador and Hudson
+Bay, and northward. These little Sandpipers are
+abundant during the migrations either in marshes
+or on beaches. They are most often found in
+company with other species, such as the Spotted
+and Least Sandpipers. Their appearance is very
+similar to that of the Least Sandpipers, but they
+are slightly larger and the feet are partially
+webbed. Their eggs have a greenish buff or grayish
+ground color and are
+spotted with brownish or
+blackish, sometimes, so
+heavily as to completely
+obscure the shell color.
+Size 1.20 &times; .80. Data.--Small
+island near Okak,
+Labrador, July 3, 1895. 2
+eggs. Nest a hollow at the
+foot of a tuft of grass,
+lined with a few bits of grass and small leaves.
+Eggs unmistakable in this dark type.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/152deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_151" id="Page_151"></a> 151
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/153a.png">
+<p>Western Sandpiper.<br>
+Sanderling.<br>
+Marbled Godwit.</p></div>
+<p>247. <span class="sc">Western Sandpiper.</span> <i>Ereunetes mauri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, breeding in
+the Arctic regions and migrating through the
+United States, chiefly west of the Mississippi to
+the Gulf States and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/153b.png">
+<p>Grayish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Scarcely to be distinguished
+from the preceding species,
+but the upper parts are
+said to be brighter and the
+bill, to average a trifle longer.
+The nesting habits and
+eggs are precisely the same
+as those of the Semipalmated
+variety. Data.--Cape Prince
+of Wales, Alaska, June 28, 1898. Four eggs. Nest
+a neatly rounded hollow, sunk into a mossy hummock
+in marshy ground. Collector, Joseph Grinnell.</p>
+
+<p>248. <span class="sc">Sanderling.</span> <i>Calidris leucophaea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Found in all parts of the northern hemisphere,
+breeding within the Arctic Circle and
+wintering in North America, from California and
+South Carolina southward.</p>
+
+<p>A handsome and abundant species, found during
+migrations by thousands on beaches and about
+large bodies of water in the interior. They are
+one of the lightest colored of the Sandpipers,
+either in winter or summer plumage. In summer
+the upper parts are a light rusty color and black,
+and the whole underparts are white. Owing to
+their extreme northerly distribution in summer,
+but few of their eggs have been taken. Their
+nesting habits are like those of the other Sandpipers.
+The three or four eggs are greenish buff in
+color, spotted and blotched with brown. Size 1.45 &times; .95. Data.--Peel River,
+Alaska, June 18, 1897. Three eggs in a depression on the ground.</p>
+
+<p>249. <span class="sc">Marbled Godwit.</span> <i>Limosa fedoa.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding, chiefly in the interior, from northern
+United States northward.</p>
+
+<p>Godwits are large Plovers with long slightly up-curved bills. This species
+is 19 inches in length, is of a nearly uniform ruddy color and is handsomely
+marbled above, and barred below with black. Their eggs are laid upon the
+ground in the vicinity of ponds or rivers; sometimes there is no lining and
+again a few straws or grasses may be twisted around the depression. Their
+eggs number three or four and have a ground color of grayish or greenish buff,
+sometimes quite dark, and are blotched with dark brown. Size 2.25 &times; 1.60.
+Data.--Devil's Lake, N. D., June 10, 1895. Four eggs laid on the ground in the
+middle of an unused road. Lined with a few grasses. Collector, W. F. Hill.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/153mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_152" id="Page_152"></a> 152
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/154ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/154a.png">
+<p>Pacific Godwit.<br>
+Hudsonian Godwit</p></div>
+<p>250. <span class="sc">Pacific Godwit.</span> <i>Limosa lapponica baueri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coasts and islands of the Pacific Ocean
+on the Asiatic side, north in summer to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This species is more uniform and brighter ruddy
+beneath than the preceding, and the back is
+not marbled as strongly. Even in Alaska where
+it breeds, it is not a common species, and it only
+occurs elsewhere on the Pacific coast of America
+casually. The nesting habits are the same, but
+the eggs are somewhat darker than those of the
+preceding, but not as dark as those of the following
+species. Size 2.20 &times; 1.45.</p>
+
+<p>251. <span class="sc">Hudsonian Godwit.</span> <i>Limosa haemastica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Rocky
+Mountains, breeding in the Arctic regions and
+wintering south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/154b.png">
+<p>Brownish.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is apparently not as common or is
+more locally distributed during migrations than
+is the Marbled Godwit. They are more abundant in their breeding grounds and
+are occasionally seen in large flocks. They are smaller than the Marbled
+Godwit (length 18 inches) and are deep reddish brown below. They lay four
+eggs on the ground, in marshes or near ponds or streams, lining the hollow
+with weeds and dried leaves. The eggs have a dark brownish buff ground
+color and are blotched with brownish black. Size 2.20 &times; 1.40. Data.--Mackenzie
+River, Arctic America. Four eggs laid in a hollow in the ground. Collector,
+J. O. Stringer.</p>
+
+<p>252. <span class="sc">Black-tailed Godwit.</span> <i>Limosa limosa.</i></p>
+
+<p>A European and Asiatic species only casually occurring in Greenland. Very
+similar in appearance to our Hudsonian Godwit, which is frequently called by
+the name of this species. The nesting habits and the eggs are precisely like
+those of the American bird.</p>
+
+<p>253. <span class="sc">Green Shank.</span> <i>Glottis nebularia.</i></p>
+
+<p>A common bird in Europe and the British Isles, but only American as having
+been taken once in Florida. A very similar species to the following.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_153" id="Page_153"></a> 153
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/155a.png">
+<p>Greater Yellow-legs.<br>
+Yellow-legs.</p></div>
+<p>254. <span class="sc">Greater Yellow-legs.</span> <i>Totanus melanoleucus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, nesting in the British Provinces and rarely in the northern part of the Mississippi Valley.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/155b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This and the next species are much sought by sportsmen during their migrations; they are commonly called "Tell-tale," the present species being the "Greater Tell-tale." They are blackish above, speckled with white, and below are white and, in summer, marked with arrowhead spots of black. The legs, as implied by the name of the bird, are yellow and long; length of bird, 14 inches. They nest most abundantly in localities remote from habitations, in the interior of Canada. The eggs are generally laid on the ground, near a marsh or on the bank of a stream, with little or no lining to the nest. They are grayish white, boldly splashed with several shades of brown, and with lilac. Size 1.65 &times; 1.25. Data.--Whale River, Labrador, June 10, 1902. Eggs laid on the ground in an open marsh.</p>
+
+<p>255. <span class="sc">Yellow-legs.</span> <i>Totanus flavipes.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/155c.png">
+<p>Buffy.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding chiefly in the interior and eastern parts of Canada, and rarely in the upper Mississippi Valley. This species is very similar to the preceding, but is smaller; length 10.5 inches. It is also called the "Lesser Tell-tale," a name applied because of their wariness, and because, when they fly, they warn all other species within hearing, of danger. Their eggs are laid on the ground, and in similar localities to the preceding. They are three or four in number, grayish or buffy in color, and are quite heavily blotched and spotted with rich brown and grayish or lilac. Size 1.60 &times; 1.20. Data.--Whale River, Labrador, June 14, 1902. Four eggs laid on the ground in a large marsh.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/155mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_154" id="Page_154"></a> 154
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/156ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/156a.png">
+<p>Solitary Sandpiper.</p></div>
+
+<p>256. <span class="sc">Solitary Sandpiper.</span> <i>Helodromas solitarius solitarius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding chiefly north of the United States boundary, but apt to be found nesting in any part of its range; winters south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/156b.png">
+<p>Clay-colored.</p></div>
+
+<p>A bird with a greenish gray back, barred with white, and white below; length 8.5 inches. This species is one of the oddities among the waders. They are most always met with, singly or in pairs, and are very rarely seen, even in very small flocks. Their preference is for small ponds or streams in wet woods or open meadows, rather than marshes which are frequented by other species. They are occasionally seen during the nesting season, even in the southern parts of their range, and they probably breed there although their eggs are very rarely found. The eggs are clay-colored, spotted with brownish black. Data.--Simco Island, Kingston, Ontario, June 10, 1898. 5 eggs in a shallow depression on the ground, lined with a few grasses.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/156c.png"><br>
+NEST OF SPOTTED SANDPIPER.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_155" id="Page_155"></a> 155
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/157a.png">
+<p>Western Sandpiper.<br>
+Willet.</p></div>
+<p>256a. <span class="sc">Western Solitary Sandpiper.</span> <i>Helodromas solitarius cinnamomeus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, west of the Plains;
+breeds in British Columbia and probably south
+of there, also.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is like the last, except that the spots
+on the back are buffy instead of white. Its nest
+and eggs will not differ in any respect from those
+of the eastern form.</p>
+
+<p>257. <span class="sc">Green Sandpiper.</span> <i>Helodromas acrophus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This species, which very closely resembles our
+Solitary Sandpiper, is common in the northern
+parts of the Old World. It has only accidentally
+strayed to our shores.</p>
+
+<p>258. <span class="sc">Willet.</span> <i>Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semipalmatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding north
+to the Middle States and occasionally straying to
+the Canadian border, especially in the Mississippi Valley.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/157b.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>These large waders are among the most abundant of the marsh or beach
+birds. They breed in small companies in marshes, frequently in those which
+are covered with water at high tide, building a frail nest of grasses and weeds,
+where it will be barely out of reach of the highest water. The three or four
+eggs have a brownish, or sometimes greenish, buff ground color and are blotched
+with umber, and have fainter markings of lilac. Size 2.00 &times; 1.50. Data.--Sandy
+Bank, South Carolina, May 3, 1901. Nest on the ground, secreted in the
+high grass. Made of dead marsh grass, lined with finer grasses.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/157deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/157mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_156" id="Page_156"></a> 156
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/158ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+      <div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/158a.png">
+<p>Wandering Tattler.<br>
+Ruff.<br>
+Upland Plover.</p></div>
+
+<p>258a. <span class="sc">Western Willet.</span> <i>Catoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, breeding
+north to Manitoba and British Columbia. Casually
+found on the South Atlantic coast during migrations.</p>
+
+<p>A larger and paler form of the preceding species;
+length 15.5 inches. The nesting habits are
+the same, and the eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of the common Willet. Data.--Refugio,
+Texas, May 18, 1900. 4 eggs in a grass
+lined depression on the bay shore flat. Collector,
+J. W. Preston.</p>
+
+<p>259. <span class="sc">Wandering Tattler.</span> <i>Heteractitis incanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of North America, breeding
+from British Columbia northward.</p>
+
+<p>This is a handsome species, uniform grayish
+above and white below, closely barred (in summer)
+with blackish. During the breeding season
+it is found on the rugged coasts and islands of
+Alaska, and casually south. It breeds in the
+marsh grass near the shores and along the banks
+of streams.</p>
+
+<p>260. <span class="sc">Ruff.</span> <i>Machetes pugnax.</i></p>
+
+<p>A common European species, occasionally found
+on the Atlantic coast of North America. It is a
+species remarkable for its pugnacity during the
+mating season; in size and appearance it is about
+like the Upland Plover, with the exception of the
+"ruff" which adorns the neck and breast of the
+male bird.</p>
+
+<p>261. <span class="sc">Upland Plover.</span> <i>Bartramia longicauda.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/158b.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--North America, chiefly east of the Rocky Mountains, breeding from
+middle United States, northward.</p>
+
+<p>A handsome bird, 12 inches in length,
+generally known as the "Upland Plover,"
+from its habit of frequenting dry side hills,
+where it feeds upon grasshoppers and
+worms. It is a favorite bird with many
+sportsmen. It builds a nest of grasses, on
+the ground in a tuft of grass in the middle
+of fields. The three or four eggs have a buff
+ground and are blotched with yellowish
+brown. Size 1.75 &times; 1.25. Data.--Stump Lake,
+N. D., June 10, 1897. Nest of grass, lined
+with wool, under a tuft of grass left by the
+mower. Collector, Alf. Eastgate.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_157" id="Page_157"></a> 157
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/159.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF UPLAND PLOVER.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_158" id="Page_158"></a> 158
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/160ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/160a.png">
+<p>Buff-breasted Sandpiper.<br>
+Spotted Sandpiper.</p></div>
+
+<p>262. <span class="sc">Buff-breasted Sandpiper.</span> <i>Tryngites subruficollis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of North America, breeding
+from the Hudson Bay region to the Arctic coast.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/160b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>A buffy colored species, with a peculiarly marbled
+back. Size 8.5 inches long. It is an upland
+species like the last. The nests are scantily lined
+depressions in the ground. The eggs have a
+grayish white ground
+and are boldly blotched
+with rich brown and
+chestnut with fainter
+markings of lilac. Size
+1.45 &times; 1.05. Data.--Cape
+Smythe, Alaska, June,
+1900. 4 eggs in a hollow
+in dry spot on a
+marsh. Collector, H. H.
+Bodfish.</p>
+
+<p>263. <span class="sc">Spotted Sandpiper.</span> <i>Actitis macularia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America from Hudson
+Bay southward, breeding throughout its range.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/160c.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>A small wader about 7.5 inches in length, with
+brownish gray upper parts, and white underparts
+thickly spotted with blackish, especially on the
+breast and flanks. This is the most abundant of
+all the shore birds, and its "peet-weet" is a familiar
+sound to every country boy. It has a peculiar
+habit of continually moving its tail up and down,
+when at rest on a stone or when running along
+the shore; from these characteristic actions it
+has received the very common names of "Teeter-tail"
+and "Tip-up." They build their nests on the
+ground near ponds, brooks or marshes, generally
+concealing it in a tuft of grass or weeds on the
+shore or in the high grass at the edge of the
+meadows. The eggs number from three to five and are of a grayish buff color,
+spotted and blotched with blackish brown. The young, like those of all the
+shore birds, are hatched covered with down, and run about as soon as born.
+They are anxiously attended by the parents and at
+the least sign of danger, conceal themselves beneath
+a tuft of grass or behind a small stone, where they
+remain perfectly motionless until called by the old
+birds. The adults frequently attempt to lead an enemy
+away from the young by feigning a broken
+wing, or lameness. Size of eggs 1.35 &times; .90. Data.--Parker
+County, Ind., May 22, 1901. Nest about six
+yards from bank of creek, among weeds on a sand
+bar; a hollow in the sand lined with weeds. Collector,
+Winfield S. Catlin.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/160deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_159" id="Page_159"></a> 159
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/161a.png">
+<p>Long-billed Curlew.<br>
+Hudsonian Curlew.</p></div>
+<p>264. <span class="sc">Long-billed Curlew.</span> <i>Numenius americanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the South Atlantic states
+and northward in the interior to Manitoba and
+British Columbia.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/161b.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is the largest of the family of shore birds,
+having a length of about 24 inches. Its plumage
+is of a buffy color, much variegated above with
+black and brown; the bill is strongly curved downward
+and is from four to eight inches in length.
+Their nests are located on the ground in meadows
+or on the prairies, and three or four eggs are laid,
+of a buff or greenish buff color, covered with
+numerous spots of brownish black. Eggs of the
+common Curlew of Europe, have been very frequently
+used as belonging to this species, but the
+eggs of our species have a lighter and more
+greenish ground, and the spots are smaller and
+more numerous. Size, 2.50 &times; 1.80.</p>
+
+<p>265. <span class="sc">Hudsonian Curlew.</span> <i>Numenius hudsonicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding in the Arctic regions and wintering
+south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/161c.png">
+<p>Brownish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is smaller (length
+17 inches), darker, more grayish
+and has a shorter bill than the preceding
+species. It also has white
+median and lateral stripes on the
+top of the head. The nesting habits
+are the same as those of the
+Long-billed species; the three or
+four eggs have a brownish buff
+ground color and are blotched with
+blackish brown. Size 2.25 &times; 1.60.
+Data.--McKenzie River, Arctic
+America. Nest a pile of grass,
+moss and weeds on an island in
+the river.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/161mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_160" id="Page_160"></a> 160
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/162ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/162a.png">
+<p>Eskimo Curlew.</p></div>
+<p>266. <span class="sc">Eskimo Curlew.</span> <i>Numenius borealis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in
+the Arctic regions and wintering in South
+America; migrating through the eastern half
+of the United States, more abundantly in the
+interior than on the coast.</p>
+
+<p>A still smaller species than the last (length
+14 inches) and very similar to it. A few years
+ago this was considered the most abundant of
+the curlews, but so persistently have they been
+hunted that they are now practically exterminated.
+They were the most unsuspicious of the
+shore birds, and would allow the near approach
+of the gunner, and the penalty may now be
+seen. Only a short while ago they were very
+often found, during migration, in company with
+other waders such as the Golden or Black-bellied
+Plovers. Their nests are simply hollows
+in the plains, lined with a few grasses, dried
+leaves, or moss. The three or four eggs are the
+same as the last for color but are smaller;
+size 2.00 &times; 1.45.</p>
+
+<p>267. <span class="sc">Whimbrel.</span> <i>Numenius phaeopus.</i></p>
+
+<p>A European species casually appearing in Greenland; very similar to the
+Hudsonian Curlew, but with the rump white.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/162b.png">
+<p>Olive brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is known as the
+Jack Curlew in England and
+Scotland, where it is very abundant,
+and is a favorite game bird.
+It breeds in the northern parts
+of Europe and Asia, and in the
+extreme north of Scotland and
+on the Shetland Islands. The
+eggs are laid in hollows on the
+ground on higher parts of the
+marshes. The three or four eggs
+have an olive or greenish brown
+color and are blotched with dark
+brown. Size 2.30 &times; 1.60. Data.--Native,
+Iceland, May 29, 1900.
+Six eggs. Nest a depression in
+the ground, lined with dried
+grass.</p>
+
+<p>268. <span class="sc">Bristle-thighed Curlew.</span> <i>Numenius tahitiensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Islands and coast on the Asiatic side of the Pacific; casually found
+in Alaska. A very peculiar species with many of the feathers on the flanks
+terminating in long bristles.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_161" id="Page_161"></a> 161
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<h2>PLOVERS. Family CHARADRIID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/163a.png">
+<p>Grayish.</p></div>
+
+<p>Plovers are stouter built birds than those of
+the previous family, have larger head, shorter
+necks and but three toes, the bill also is much
+harder and shorter.</p>
+
+<p>269. <span class="sc">Lapwing.</span> <i>Vanellus vanellus.</i></p>
+
+<p>An abundant European species accidentally
+occurring on the Atlantic coast. It may readily
+be recognized by its long black crest, black
+chin and throat, and white under parts. It
+breeds throughout temperate Europe, laying
+its eggs in hollows on the ground. The eggs
+have a dark grayish buff ground and are spotted
+with black. Size 1.85 &times; 1.30.</p>
+
+<p>269.1. <span class="sc">Dotterel.</span> <i>Eudromias morinellus.</i></p>
+
+<p>A European bird supposed to have been accidentally taken on the Atlantic
+coast.</p>
+
+<p>270. <span class="sc">Black-bellied Plover.</span> <i>Squatarola squatarola.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 320px"><img alt="" src="images/163b.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Hemisphere, breeding in the Arctic regions and wintering
+from the Gulf States to northern South America.</p>
+
+<p>This is a remarkably handsome species
+when in the summer dress. The upper
+parts are largely white with black
+spots and bars on the back, wings and
+tail; the throat, sides of head, breast
+and fore under parts, black. In winter,
+brownish-black, somewhat mottled, above;
+below, dull white. Young similar to winter
+adults, but the back is spotted with
+yellowish-white. While these handsome
+plover migrate to some extent, and sometimes
+in large flocks, through the interior
+of the United States, they are chiefly
+and most abundantly found on the coast.
+This species has a very small hind toe.
+It is a very familiar bird to sportsmen
+and gunners, to whom it is generally known by the names of "Bull-head," or
+"Beetle-head Plover." They are very numerous in the fall, during which season
+the underparts are entirely white. The eggs are either laid upon the bare
+ground or upon a slight lining of grasses or dead leaves. They are three or
+four in number, brownish or greenish buff in color and boldly marked with black.
+Size 2.00 &times; 1.40. Data.--Point Barrow, Alaska, June, 1900. Nest a small hollow
+on side of hillock, lined with dry grass.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/163mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_162" id="Page_162"></a> 162
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/164.png"><br>
+BLACK-BELLIED PLOVER.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_163" id="Page_163"></a> 163
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/165a.png">
+<p>Black-bellied Plover.<br>
+Golden Plover.</p></div>
+<p>272. <span class="sc">European Golden Plover.</span> <i>Charadrius apricarius.</i></p>
+
+<p>A European bird, similar to the next, casually
+found in Greenland.</p>
+
+<p>It is a very abundant bird throughout Europe,
+breeding in the northern parts. Its habits, nests
+and eggs are the same as those of the American
+bird.</p>
+
+<p>272. <span class="sc">Golden Plover.</span> <i>Charadrius dominicus dominicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding in
+the Arctic regions and wintering south to Patagonia.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/165b.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome bird is about the same size as
+the Black-bellied Plover (10.5 inches long). No
+hind toe. Back and tail mottled with black and
+yellow; below, more or less entirely black to the
+tail. Young and winter adults, more or less spotted
+with yellow and blackish-brown above, and
+grayish-white below, with indistinct streaks on the breast. Often confused with
+the last species in this plumage, but is smaller, bill smaller and more slender,
+and the axillars, or feathers nearest the body, under the wings, are gray while
+those of the Black-bellied Plover are black. This species is now regarded as
+rare on the North Atlantic coast during migrations, while in the interior it is
+more abundant than the last species. They do not seem to be as suspicious as
+the Black-bellies, and a flock will often allow a close approach, even when they
+see you. They nest abundantly along the coast and islands of the Arctic Ocean.
+The four eggs are very similar to those of the preceding, but smaller. Size 1.90
+&times; 1.30. Data.--Peel River, Arctic America, June 1, 1898. Nest of grasses and
+leaves on the ground in the moss.</p>
+
+<p>272a. <span class="sc">Pacific Golden Plover.</span> <i>Charadrius dominicus fulvus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--An Asiatic species, breeding in northern Asia and on the islands
+and coast of Asia. Very like the preceding, but more golden color on the back
+and wings. Nesting and eggs the same.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/165mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_164" id="Page_164"></a> 164
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/166.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF KILLDEER.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_165" id="Page_165"></a> 165
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/167a.png">
+<p>Kildeer.<br>
+Semi-palmated Plover.</p></div>
+<p>273. <span class="sc">Killdeer.</span> <i>Oxyechus vociferus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North America from the
+southern parts of Canada southward. Next to the
+Spotted Sandpiper, this bird is the most common
+of the shore birds in the United States. It is
+rarely seen in New England, but is common south
+of there and in the interior of the country to Canada.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/167b.png">
+<p>Grayish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>They are very noisy birds, continually uttering
+their "kil-deer, kil-deer" from which they take
+their name. They nest anywhere on the ground,
+generally near water, placing their nests in fields,
+cornfields or meadows. The eggs are drab or
+greenish buff and profusely spotted with black.
+Size 1.50 &times; 1.10. Data.--Refugio county, Texas,
+May 11, 1899. 4 eggs in a depression on the
+ground, lined with a few grasses.</p>
+
+<p>274. <span class="sc">Semipalmated.</span> <i>&AElig;gialitis semipalmata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding in the interior
+of Canada and wintering south from the Gulf
+States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/167c.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Small web between the bases of the two outer
+toes. Single broad, black band across the breast;
+black line from base of bill to eye. They are very
+abundant on our seacoast in Fall, both in flocks
+composed entirely of their own kind, and also
+with Least and Semipalmated Sandpipers. They
+usually keep on the inner side of sandbars or
+muddy flats bordering marshes, rather than on the
+open ocean beach. It is also found in smaller
+flocks, about ponds and marshes in the interior of
+the country. They are usually unsuspicious and will allow a close approach, or
+if you are still, will run by within a very few feet. Nest on the ground; eggs
+buffy, sparsely specked with black, 1.30 &times; .90; June.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/167mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_166" id="Page_166"></a> 166
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/168ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/168a.png">
+<p>Ring Plover.<br>
+Snowy Plover.</p></div>
+
+<p>275. <span class="sc">Ring Plover.</span> <i>&AElig;gialitis hiaticula.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/168b.png">
+<p>Buffy.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--A European bird that breeds abundantly
+in Greenland. It nests in great numbers on
+the banks of streams
+and in fields, laying
+its eggs in hollows on
+the ground, generally
+without any lining.
+Their three or four
+eggs are practically
+not distinguishable
+from those of the Semipalmated
+Plover, but
+larger; size, 1.40 x 1.00. The bird, too, is similar,
+but the toes are not palmated, and the black
+breast band is wider.</p>
+
+<p>276. <span class="sc">Little Ringed Plover.</span> <i>&AElig;gialitis dubia.</i></p>
+
+<p>An Old World species, accidentally occurring
+on the Pacific coast. Like the last species, but
+smaller. The eggs, too, are smaller; size 1.20
+x .85.</p>
+
+<p>277. <span class="sc">Piping Plover.</span> <i>&AElig;gialitis meloda.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/168c.png">
+<p>Clay Color.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, chiefly along
+the Atlantic coast, breeding from the Carolinas
+north to Newfoundland.</p>
+
+<p>A handsome little bird, with a black crescent
+on each side of neck, a small black patch on top
+of the head, and without any black on the lores
+or ear coverts. It is the lightest colored of any
+of the eastern Plovers. Length, 7 inches. Young,
+similar, but the black replaced by grayish, as is
+the case with the last species. This species, apparently, never could be classed
+as abundant and of late years, it is becoming rather rare along our Atlantic
+coast; this is probably more due to the building of
+summer resorts and homes along their former breeding
+grounds than to hunters. They are rather more shy
+than the last species, but will usually attempt to escape
+by running along the beach or by hiding, rather
+than by flight. Owing to their light colors it is very
+difficult to see them at any distance. They lay their
+eggs upon the sandy beaches in slight, and generally
+unlined, hollows. The eggs have a pale clay colored
+ground and are sparsely specked with small black
+dots. Size 1.25 x 1.00.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/168deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_167" id="Page_167"></a> 167
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>278. <span class="sc">Snowy Plover.</span> <i>&AElig;gialitis nivosa.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds along the Pacific coast of the United States, and from Texas
+to Manitoba in the interior. Winters on the California coast and south to Chili.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/169a.png">
+<p>Pale buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Snowy Plovers are very much like the Piping, but
+are smaller (length 6.5 inches), have a longer and
+more slender bill, and have a small black patch on
+the side of head. It is the palest colored of the
+Plovers. Large numbers of them nest along the
+Pacific coast and in Texas; north of Texas, in the
+interior, they are locally distributed. The eggs are
+pale clay color, marked with small scratchy dots of
+black. Size 1.20 x .90. Data.--Newport Beach, California,
+May 1, 1897. Nest a hollow in the sand, a
+short distance above high water; lined with broken
+shell. Collector, Evan Davis.</p>
+
+<p>279. <span class="sc">Mongolian Plover.</span> <i>&AElig;gialitis mongola.</i></p>
+
+<p>An inhabitant of the Old World, awarded a place in our avifauna because of
+its accidental occurrence at Alaska.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/169b.png"><br>
+SPOTTED SANDPIPER AND NEST.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/169mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_168" id="Page_168"></a> 168
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/170ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/170a.png">
+<p>Wilson's Plover.<br>
+Mountain Plover.</p></div>
+<p>280. <span class="sc">Wilson's Plover.</span> <i>Octhodromus wilsonius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--An abundant breeding species on the
+Gulf coast, coast of Lower California, and on the
+Atlantic coast north to Virginia, and casually
+farther.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/170b.png">
+<p>Olive gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>A common Plover, which may be distinguished
+from others of the genus by its comparatively
+large heavy black bill, and the single broad black
+band across the
+breast, and not extending
+around the
+back of the neck.
+They nest on pebbly
+"shingle" or in
+the marsh, back of
+the beaches. Their
+eggs are an olive
+gray color and are
+spotted and scratched
+with blackish
+brown, with some
+fainter markings of gray. Size 1.40 x 1.05. Data.--Corpus
+Christi, Texas, May 10, 1899. 4 eggs
+laid on the ground among drifted grass on a salt
+marsh near town. Collector, Frank B. Armstrong.</p>
+
+<p>281. <span class="sc">Mountain Plover.</span> <i>Podasocys montanus</i>.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/170c.png">
+<p>Brownish gray.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Plains and prairies of western North
+America, breeding from the central portions
+north to Manitoba, and wintering in California
+and southward.</p>
+
+<p>A very peculiar species, inhabiting even the
+driest portions of the western prairies. It is 9
+inches in length, and has a plumage of a pale
+buffy tone. It seems to be less aquatic than any
+other American Plover and is rarely found in the
+vicinity of bodies of water. It nests on the ground
+anywhere on the prairie, laying its eggs in a
+slight hollow. The eggs are brownish gray in
+color and are spotted and blotched with blackish
+brown. Data.--Morgan county, Colorado, May 7,
+1902. Nest a slight hollow on the ground, near a
+large cactus bed and close to a water hole. No
+lining to nest. Collector, Glenn S. White.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/170deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_169" id="Page_169"></a> 169
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>SURF BIRDS AND TURNSTONES. Family APHRIZID&AElig;</h2>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/171a.png">
+<p>Turnstone.</p></div>
+<p>282. <span class="sc">Surf Bird.</span> <i>Aphriza virgata.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/171b.png">
+<p>Creamy.</p></div>
+<p>This species, which is found on the Pacific
+coast from Alaska to Chili, seems to be the
+connecting link between the plovers and the
+Turnstones, having the habits of the latter
+combined with the bill of the former. Its nest
+and eggs are not known to have been yet discovered.</p>
+
+<p>283. <span class="sc">Turnstone.</span> <i>Arenaria interpres.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The distribution of this species, which is grayer above than the following,
+is supposed to be confined, in America, to the extreme north from
+Greenland to Alaska. Its habits and eggs are precisely like the next.</p>
+
+<p>283a. <span class="sc">Ruddy Turnstone.</span> <i>Arenaria interpres morinella.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the Arctic regions, and migrates through all parts of the
+United States, south to the southern parts of South America. This species has
+the upperparts variegated with reddish brown, black and white; the underparts
+are pure white, except for a black patch on the throat, branching upward to the
+eye and back to the sides of the breast. It has a peculiar, slightly up-turned
+bill, which is used, as their name implies, for turning over pebbles and stones
+in their search for food. They nest commonly in northern Labrador, about
+Hudson Bay and in Alaska, laying their eggs in scantily lined hollows on the
+ground, near water. The eggs are very peculiar and beautiful, having a light
+grayish or cream color ground, peculiarly marbled with many shades of brown
+and lilac. Size 1.65 &times; 1.10. Data.--Mackenzie River, Arctic America, June 28,
+1900. Four eggs in a grass lined depression in the sand.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/171deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/171mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_170" id="Page_170"></a> 170
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/172ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>284. <span class="sc">Black Turnstone.</span> <i>Arenaria melanocephala.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/172a.png">
+<p>Grayish.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of North America, breeding
+from British Columbia northward, and wintering
+south to Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This species, which has the form and habits of
+the preceding, is blackish above and on the breast;
+the rump and the base of the tail are white, being
+separated from each other by the black tail coverts.
+Their nesting habits are in no wise different
+from those of the common turnstone. The
+eggs are similar, but the markings are not so
+strikingly arranged. Size 1.60 &times; 1.10. Data.--Kutlik,
+Alaska, June 21, 1898. Nest simply a depression
+in the sand on the sea beach.</p><br>
+
+<h2>OYSTER-CATCHERS. Family H&AElig;MATOPODID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>285. <span class="sc">European Oyster-catcher.</span> <i>H&aelig;matopus frazari.</i></p>
+
+<p>This European species is very similar to the American one which follows. It
+casually occurs in Greenland.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/172b.png">
+<p>American Oyster-catcher.</p></div>
+
+<p>286. <span class="sc">Oyster-catcher.</span> <i>H&aelig;matopus palliatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds on the coast of the South
+Atlantic States and Lower California and winters
+south to Patagonia. Oyster-catchers are</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/172c.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>large, heavy-bodied birds, with stocky red legs
+and long, stout red bills. The present species
+has the whole upper parts and entire head and
+neck, blackish; underparts and ends of secondaries, white; length, 19 inches. They
+are abundant breeding birds on the sandy beaches of the South Atlantic States,
+and casually wander north to Nova Scotia. They lay their two or three eggs
+on the ground in slight hollows scooped out of the sand. The eggs are of a
+buffy or brownish buff color, and are irregularly spotted with blackish brown,
+with subdued markings of lavender. Size 2.20 &times; 1.50. Data.--Sandy Point, S.
+C., May 12, 1902. Three eggs on the sand just above high water mark; nest a
+mere depression on a small "sand dune" lined with pieces of shells.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_171" id="Page_171"></a> 171
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/173a.png">
+<p>287--286.1.</p></div>
+<p>286.1. <span class="sc">Frazar's Oyster-catcher.</span> <i>H&aelig;matopus bachmani.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/173b.png">
+<p>Brownish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This species is darker on the back than the preceding,
+and the breast is mottled with dusky. Bill very long,
+heavy, compressed, and thin and chisel-like at the tip.</p>
+
+<p>Bill and eyes red; legs flesh color; under parts white, and
+a white wing bar. These are large, awkward looking birds.
+It is not an uncommon wader in its somewhat restricted
+range. Its nesting habits are the same as those of the
+preceding one, but the markings are generally more sharply
+defined. The one figured is from a set in the collection of Mr. C. W. Crandall.</p>
+
+<p>287. <span class="sc">Black Oyster-catcher.</span> <i>H&aelig;matopus bachmani.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 320px"><img alt="" src="images/173c.png">
+<p>Olive buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of North
+America from Lower California
+north to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This species is the same size as
+the Oyster-catcher, but the plumage
+is entirely black both above and below.
+They are found upon the
+rocky coasts and islands, more frequently
+than upon sandy beaches.
+Their eggs are laid upon bare rocks
+or pebbles with no attempt at lining
+for the nest. The eggs are an
+olive buff in color, spotted and
+blotched with brownish black.
+Size 2.20 &times; 1.55. Breeding throughout
+the Aleutian Islands, British
+Columbia and south to Lower California. Three or four eggs are laid.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/173deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/173mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_172" id="Page_172"></a> 172
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/174ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+
+<h2>JACANAS. Family JACANID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/174a.png">
+<p>Mexican Jacana.</p></div>
+
+<p>288. <span class="sc">Mexican Jacana.</span> <i>Jacana spinosa.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical America, north in summer
+to the lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas, and
+casually to Florida.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/174b.png">
+<p>Yellowish olive.</p></div>
+
+<p>This interesting species has most of its
+structural characters similar to the Plovers,
+but has more the appearance and habits of the
+Rails. They are about eight inches long, the
+head and neck are black, the body chestnut,
+and the wings largely greenish yellow. They
+have long legs, long toes and extremely long toe nails, a scaly leaf on the forehead,
+and a sharp spur on the shoulder of the wing. Owing to their long toes
+and nails, they are enabled to walk over floating weeds and rubbish that would
+sink beneath their weight, otherwise. They build their nests on these little
+floating islands in the marsh; they are also sometimes made of weeds and
+trash on floating lily pads. They lay from three to five eggs of a yellowish
+olive color, curiously scrawled with brown and black. Size 1.22 &times; .95. Data.--Tampico,
+Mexico, June 3, 1900. Three eggs. Nest of weeds and drift on lily
+leaf floating in fresh water pond near town.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/174deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_173" id="Page_173"></a> 173
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/175.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF BOB-WHITE.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_174" id="Page_174"></a> 174
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/176.png"><br>
+BOB WHITE.<br>
+Female--Male.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_175" id="Page_175"></a> 175
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>GALLINACEOUS BIRDS. Order X. GALLIN&AElig;</h2>
+
+<h3>GROUSE, PARTRIDGES, ETC. Family TETRAONIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>The members of this family are birds of robust form, subdued (not brightly
+colored) plumage, comparatively short legs and necks; the tarsi and toes are
+feathered in the Ptarmigan, the tarsi, only, feathered in the Grouse, and the
+tarsi and toes bare in the Partridges and Bob-whites. They feed upon berries,
+buds, grain and insects.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/177a.png">
+<p>Bobwhite.<br>
+Florida Bobwhite.<br>
+Masked Bobwhite.</p></div>
+
+<p>289. <span class="sc">Bob-white.</span> <i>Colinus virginianus virginianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east of North Dakota and
+Texas and from the southern British Provinces to
+the Gulf coast.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/177b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A celebrated "game bird" which has been hunted
+so assiduously in New England that it is upon
+the verge of extermination, and the covers have
+to be continually replenished with birds trapped
+in the south and west. They frequent open fields,
+which have a luxuriant
+growth of weeds, or
+grain fields in the fall.
+Their nests are built
+along the roadsides, or
+beside stonewalls or
+any place affording satisfactory
+shelter. The
+nest is made of dried
+grasses and is arched
+over with grass or
+overhanging leaves so as to conceal the eggs.
+They lay from ten to twenty pure white eggs,
+which are very frequently nest stained when
+found. Size 1.20 &times; .95. Often two or three broods
+are raised in a season, but frequently one or more
+broods are destroyed by rainy weather.</p>
+
+<p>289a. <span class="sc">Florida Bob-white.</span> <i>Colinus virginianus floridanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This sub-species, which is found in the
+southern half of Florida, is very much darker
+than the northern Bob-white, and is numerously
+barred below with black. Its nesting habits and
+eggs are identical with those of the preceding.</p>
+
+<p>289b. <span class="sc">Texas Bob-white.</span> <i>Colinus virginianus texanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Texas; casually north to Kansas. A grayer variety of the Bob-white.
+The nesting habits and eggs are the same as those of the Bob-white, except that
+the eggs may average a trifle smaller. Size 1.18 &times; .92.</p>
+
+<p>291. <span class="sc">Masked Bob-white.</span> <i>Colinus ridgwayi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Sonoran region of Mexico north to southern Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>The female of this species is like that of the Texan Bob-white. Their nesting
+habits and eggs are in all respects like those of the other Bob-whites. Size of
+eggs, 1.20 &times; .95.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/177mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_176" id="Page_176"></a> 176
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/178ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/178a.png">
+<p>Mountain Partridge.<br>
+Scaled Partridge.</p></div>
+<p>292. <span class="sc">Mountain Quail.</span> <i>Oreortyx picta picta.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of North America from
+California to Washington.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/178b.png">
+<p>Reddish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is the largest of the Partridges, being 11
+inches in length. It is of a general grayish color,
+with chestnut throat patch, and chestnut flanks,
+barred with white.
+Two long plumes extend
+downward from
+the back of the head.
+This species nests
+abundantly in the
+mountainous portions
+of northern California
+and throughout Oregon,
+and is gradually increasing
+in numbers in
+Washington. As a rule
+they nest only on the
+higher mountain ranges, placing their nest of
+leaves under the protection of an overhanging
+bush or tuft of grass. Their eggs number from
+six to fifteen, and are of a pale reddish buff color.
+Size 1.35 &times; 1.05.</p>
+
+<p>292a. <span class="sc">Plumed Quail.</span> <i>Oreortyx picta plumifera.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountain ranges of California and
+Lower California, chiefly in the southern parts of
+the former. This species is like the latter except
+that it is grayer on the back of the head and
+neck. Its nesting habits and eggs are like the
+preceding.</p>
+
+<p>292b. <span class="sc">San Pedro Quail.</span> <i>Oreortyx picta confinis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--San Pedro Mountains, Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This species, which is grayer above than the preceding two, breeds only in
+the highest peaks of its range. Otherwise its nesting habits and eggs are the
+same as the other Plumed Partridges.</p>
+
+<p>293. <span class="sc">Scaled Quail.</span> <i>Callipepla squamata squamata.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/178c.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Mexico and southwestern border of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This blue gray species is 10 inches in length; the
+feathers on the neck and underparts have narrow
+dark borders, thus giving the plumage a scaly appearance,
+from which the birds take their name.
+They have a small tuft of whitish or buffy feathers
+on the top of the head. It is especially abundant in
+the dry arid portions of its range, being found often
+many miles away from water. Their eggs are laid
+in a shallow hollow under some small bush or cactus,
+and number from eight to sixteen; they are creamy
+white, finely specked with buff or pale brownish.
+Size 1.25 &times; .95.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_177" id="Page_177"></a> 177
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/179a.png">
+<p>California Partridge.</p></div>
+
+<p>293a. <span class="sc">Chestnut-bellied Scaled Quail.</span> <i>Callipepla squamata castanogastris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas and
+and southward into Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is like the last with the addition
+of a chestnut patch on the belly. Their
+breeding habits do not vary in any particular way
+from those of the Scaled Partridge.</p>
+
+<p>294. <span class="sc">California Quail.</span> <i>Lophortyx californica californica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast region of California, Oregon,
+Washington and British Columbia.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/179b.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is one of the most beautiful of the Partridges,
+with its crest of feathers rising from the
+crown and curving forwards so that the broadened
+ends hang directly
+over the bill. It is
+about the size of the preceding
+species, and is distinguished
+from the following
+one by its white
+forehead, chestnut patch
+on the belly and the scaly
+appearance of the feathers
+in that region, by its dark
+crown and the gray flanks
+with white streaks. They lay from eight to
+twenty eggs with a creamy white or buffy ground
+color, handsomely blotched with shades of brown
+and yellowish brown. Size 1.20 &times; .93.</p>
+
+<p>294a. <span class="sc">Valley Partridge.</span> <i>Lophortyx californica vallicola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior portions of California, Oregon and Washington.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits of this grayer sub-species do not differ in any manner
+from those of the above species. The eggs are indistinguishable.</p>
+
+<p>295. <span class="sc">Gambel Quail.</span> <i>Lophortyx gambeli.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/179c.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States from Texas to California; north to Utah.</p>
+
+<p>This handsome species differs from the California
+in the Chestnut crown and flanks, and the black
+patch on the belly. They are very abundant in Arizona,
+both on the mountains and in the valleys, and
+apparently without any regard to the nearness to, or
+remoteness from a water supply. They breed during
+May, laying their eggs on the ground under any
+suitable cover. The eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of the California Partridge, except that
+they average a trifle larger. Size 1.25 &times; .95.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/179mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_178" id="Page_178"></a> 178
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/180ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/180a.png">
+<p>Mearns Partridge.</p></div>
+<p>296. <span class="sc">Mearns Quail.</span> <i>Cyrtonyx montezum&aelig; mearnsi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north to southern Arizona
+and New Mexico, and to western Texas.</p>
+
+<p>A remarkable species about 9 inches long;
+often called "Fool Quail" because of its eccentric
+and clownish markings, streaks and spots
+of black, white, buff, gray and chestnut. It is
+met with in small flocks on the mountains and
+less frequently in the valleys. It frequents
+scrubby wooded places rather than open hill
+sides and is very easy to approach and kill;
+this confidence or stupidity together with its
+clownish appearance are the reasons for its
+commonly used local name. Their nests are
+hollows in the ground, lined with grasses and
+concealed by overhanging tufts of grass. The
+eggs, which are pure white, are not distinguishable
+with certainty from those of the Bob-white,
+but average longer. Size 1.25 &times; .95.</p>
+
+<p>297. <span class="sc">Dusky Grouse.</span> <i>Dendragapus obscurus obscurus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region from central Montana south to New Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>With the exception of the Sage Grouse, this species is the largest of the family,
+being about 20 inches in length. The general tone of its plumage below is
+gray; above, blackish gray and the tail blackish with a broad terminal band of
+light gray. They frequent the wooded and especially the coniferous districts,
+where they build their nests under fallen trees or at the bases of standing ones.
+They lay from six to ten eggs of a buffy color, sparsely spotted and blotched
+with brownish. Size 2.00 &times; 1.40.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/180b.png">
+<p>Rich buff.</p></div>
+<p>297a. <span class="sc">Sooty Grouse.</span> <i>Dendragapus obscurus fuliginosus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountain ranges along the
+Pacific coast from California to British
+Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Like the last, this somewhat darker
+sub-species is met with in timbered
+regions, where its habits are about the
+same as those of the Ruffled Grouse,
+except, of course, that they are not
+nearly as shy as the Grouse in New
+England. Their eggs are laid in hollows
+beside stumps or under logs.
+The eggs are buff colored, spotted with
+reddish brown. Size 2.00 &times; 1.40.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/180deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_179" id="Page_179"></a> 179
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/181a.png">
+<p>Sooty Grouse.<br>
+Spruce Grouse.</p></div>
+
+<p>297b. <span class="sc">Richardson's Grouse.</span> <i>Dendragapus obscurus richardsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Rocky Mountains from central
+Montana to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>A dark variety with no terminal band of gray
+on the tail. Its habits, nesting and eggs are precisely
+like those of the preceding species.</p>
+
+<p>298. <span class="sc">Hudsonian Spruce Partridge.</span> <i>Canachites canadensis canadensis.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/181b.png">
+<p>Bright buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern United States and southern
+British Provinces; west to Minnesota.</p>
+
+<p>A dark species, smaller than the last (15 inches
+long), and easily recognized by its black throat
+and extensive black patch on the breast. The
+habits of this species
+and the two varieties
+into which it
+has been sub-divided
+are the same; as a
+species, they are
+very tame, will not
+fly unless actually
+obliged to, and frequently
+allow themselves
+to be knocked
+down with sticks.
+Their nests are hollows
+in the leaves on the ground, generally under
+the sheltering branches of a low spreading fir
+tree. The six to fifteen eggs are a bright buff
+color, blotched and spotted boldly with various
+shades of brown. Size 1.70 &times; 1.25.</p>
+
+<p>298b. <span class="sc">Alaska Spruce Partridge.</span> <i>Canachites canadensis osgoodi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is practically the same as the preceding, the birds not always
+being distinguishable; the nest and eggs are the same as the Canada
+Grouse.</p>
+
+<p>298c. <span class="sc">Canada Spruce Partridge.</span> <i>Canachites canadensis canace.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Labrador and the Hudson Bay region.</p>
+
+<p>Like the last, this variety is hardly to be distinguished from the Hudsonian.
+Its nesting habits and eggs are the same.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/181deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/181mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_180" id="Page_180"></a> 180
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/182ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/182a.png">
+<p>Ruffed Grouse.</p></div>
+<p>299. <span class="sc">Franklin's Grouse.</span> <i>Canachites franklin franklini.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/182b.png">
+<p>Brownish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern United States and British
+Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>This species is very similar to the Canada
+Grouse, the most apparent difference being the
+absence of the brownish gray tip to the tail, and
+the upper coverts are broadly tipped with white.
+This species,
+which is very
+abundant in the
+northwest, has
+the same stupid
+habits of the eastern
+bird. During
+the mating season,
+the males of
+both this and the
+preceding species
+have the same
+habit of "drumming"
+that the
+Ruffed Grouse has. Their nests are placed on
+the ground under bushes or fir trees and from
+eight to fifteen eggs are laid. These are brownish
+buff in color, spotted and blotched with rich
+brown. They are very similar to the eggs of the
+Canada Grouse. Data.--Moberly Peak, Cascade
+Mts., British Columbia, June 9, 1902. 7 eggs in a
+slight hollow on the ground. Collector, G. F.
+Dippie.</p>
+
+<p>300. <span class="sc">Ruffed Grouse.</span> <i>Bonasa umbellus umbellus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/182c.png">
+<p>Brownish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States from Minnesota
+to New England; south to Virginia.</p>
+
+<p>The Ruffed Grouse is "King of the Game Birds"
+in the east, where it has been hunted so freely,
+that it has become very wary and requires a skillful
+marksman to bring it down. Because of the
+cutting off of all heavy timber, and the vigor with
+which they are pursued by hunters, they are becoming
+very scarce in New England, and within
+a few years they will probably be practically extinct
+in that section. Their favorite resorts are
+heavily timbered woods or low growth birches.
+Their nests are hollows in the leaves under fallen
+trees, beside some stump or concealed among the
+small shoots at the base of a large tree. The bird
+sits very close, but when she does fly, goes with the familiar rumble and roar
+which always disconcerts the novice, the wind created by her sudden flight
+generally causing the leaves to settle in the nest and conceal the eggs. They
+lay from eight to fifteen eggs, of a brownish buff color, sometimes with a few
+faint markings of brown, but generally unspotted. Size 1.55 &times; 1.15. The young
+of all the Partridges and Grouse are born covered with down and follow their
+parents soon after leaving the shell. The adults are very skillful in leading
+enemies away from their young, feigning lameness, broken wings, etc. The
+nesting habits and eggs of the three sub-species are precisely the same in every
+respect as those of this bird.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_181" id="Page_181"></a> 181
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/183.png"><br>
+RUFFED GROUSE.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_182" id="Page_182"></a> 182
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/184ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/184a.png">
+<p>299--300a.</p></div>
+<p>300a. <span class="sc">Canada Ruffed Grouse.</span> <i>Bonasa umbellus togata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern United States and southern British
+Provinces from Maine and Nova Scotia west to Washington
+and British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>300b. <span class="sc">Gray Ruffed Grouse.</span> <i>Bonasa umbellus umbelloides.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region from Colorado to
+Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>A grayer species than the common.</p>
+
+<p>300c. <span class="sc">Oregon Ruffed Grouse.</span> <i>Bonasa umbellus sabini.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from California to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>A dark species with the prevailing color a reddish tone.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/184b.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF RUFFED GROUSE.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_183" id="Page_183"></a> 183
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/185ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/185a.png">
+<p>Willow Ptarmigan.<br>
+Rock Ptarmigan.</p></div>
+<p>301. <span class="sc">Willow Ptarmigan.</span> <i>Lagopus lagopus lagopus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions, in America south nearly
+to the United States border, and casually to
+Maine.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/185b.png">
+<p>Brownish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Ptarmigan are Grouse-like birds, feathered to
+the toe nails; they have many changes of plumage,
+in winter being nearly pure white, and in
+summer largely reddish brown or grayish, barred
+with black.
+In the breeding
+plumage they
+have red comb-like
+wattles over
+the eye. In other
+seasons, their
+plumage varies in
+all degrees between
+winter and
+summer. They
+nest on the
+ground in hollows
+among the leaves,
+lined with a few grasses, and sometimes feathers.
+They lay from six to sixteen eggs which have a
+ground color of buff or brownish buff, heavily
+speckled, blotched and marbled with blackish
+brown. Size 1.75 &times; 1.25.</p>
+
+<p>301a. <span class="sc">Allen's Ptarmigan.</span> <i>Lagopus lagopus alleni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Newfoundland. A very similar bird to
+the preceding; eggs indistinguishable.</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/185c.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>302. <span class="sc">Rock Ptarmigan.</span> <i>Lagopus rupestris rupestris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Chiefly in the interior of British
+America, from the southern portions to Alaska
+and the Arctic Ocean.</p>
+
+<p>A species with a smaller bill and in summer
+a grayer plumage, more finely barred with
+black. Its nesting habits are the same as the
+other species, it nesting on the ground in such
+localities as would be frequented by the Ruffed
+Grouse. Its eggs cannot be positively distinguished
+from those of the Willow Ptarmigan.
+Size 1.70 &times; 1.20.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_184" id="Page_184"></a> 184
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/186ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>302a. <span class="sc">Reinhardt's Ptarmigan.</span> <i>Lagopus rupestris reinhardi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Labrador and Greenland; an eastern variety of the preceding species.
+Its habits, nesting habits and eggs are just the same as those of Rock Ptarmigan.</p>
+
+<p>302b. <span class="sc">Nelson's Ptarmigan.</span> <i>Lagopus rupestris nelsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Unalaska, of the Aleutian chain. An abundant species in its
+restricted range, making its nest on the ground in the valleys. Eggs like the
+others.</p>
+
+<p>302c. <span class="sc">Turner's Ptarmigan.</span> <i>Lagopus rupestris atkhensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Atka Island, of the Aleutian chain. Nests and eggs not distinctive.</p>
+
+<p>302d. <span class="sc">Townsend's Ptarmigan.</span> <i>Lagopus rupestris townsendi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Kyska Island of the Aleutian group.</p>
+
+<p>On account of the constantly changing plumage of these birds, while interesting,
+they are very unsatisfactory to study, and it is doubtful if anyone can identify
+the different sub-species of the Rock Ptarmigan, granting that there is any
+difference, which is doubtful.</p>
+
+<p>302.1. <span class="sc">Evermann's Ptarmigan.</span> <i>Lagopus evermanni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Attu Island, of the Aleutian group.</p>
+
+<p>This is, in summer, the darkest of the Ptarmigans, having little or no rufous
+and much blackish. The nesting habits and eggs are the same as those of the
+Rock Ptarmigan.</p>
+
+<p>303. <span class="sc">Welch's Ptarmigan.</span> <i>Lagopus welchi.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/186.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Newfoundland.</p>
+
+<p>This species, in summer, is more grayish
+than the Rock Ptarmigan, and is very finely
+vermiculated with blackish. It is a perfectly
+distinct species from the Allen Ptarmigan,
+which is the only other species found on the
+island. They inhabit the higher ranges and
+hills in the interior of the island, where they
+are quite abundant. They build their nests on
+the ground under protection of overhanging
+bushes. The eggs are laid in a hollow in the
+dead leaves, sometimes with a lining of grasses.
+The eggs do not differ in size or appearance
+from those of the Rock Ptarmigan. Data.--Newfoundland, June 3, 1901. Nest
+a slight hollow in the moss, besides a fallen stump; lined with a few feathers.
+Collector, E. H. Montgomery.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_185" id="Page_185"></a> 185
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>304. <span class="sc">White-tailed Ptarmigan.</span> <i>Lagopus leucurus leucurus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Higher ranges of the Rocky Mountains, from New Mexico north to
+Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>Ptarmigan are remarkable birds in that they are in an almost continual state
+of molting, nearly every month in the year showing them in different stages of
+plumage, ranging from the snow-white winter dress to the summer one in which
+reddish-brown prevails on Willow Ptarmigan and a black and gray barred effect
+predominates on the other species. Notice that they are feathered to the toes,
+in winter the feathers on the toes growing dense and hair-like, not only protecting
+the toes from the cold but making excellent snowshoes which enable them
+to walk with impunity over the lightest snow.</p>
+
+<p>Ptarmigan form the staple article of diet for northern foxes, and were it not
+for the fact that their plumage changes to correspond to the appearance of the
+ground at the various seasons they would fare hardly indeed.</p>
+
+<p>In spring the little red combs above the eyes of the males are swollen and
+conspicuous. At this season they strut and perform curious antics, such as all
+Grouse are noted for.</p>
+
+<p>This species differs from any of the preceding in having at all seasons of the
+year, a white tail; it is also somewhat smaller than the Rock Ptarmigan. They
+nest abundantly near the summits of the ranges in Colorado, making their
+nests among the rocks, and generally lining them with a few grasses. During
+June, they lay from six to twelve eggs having a creamy background, speckled
+and blotched with chestnut brown. Size 1.70 x 1.15.</p>
+
+<p>304a. <span class="sc">Kenai White-tailed Ptarmigan.</span> <i>Lagopus leucurus peninsularis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Kenai Peninsular, Alaska. A similar but paler (in summer) variety
+of the preceding. The nesting habits or eggs will not differ.</p>
+
+<p>305. <span class="sc">Prairie Chicken.</span> <i>Tympanuchus americanus americanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The prairies, chiefly west of the Mississippi; north to Manitoba, east
+to Ohio, and west to Colorado.</p>
+
+<p>This familiar game bird of the west is about 18 inches in length, brownish
+above and grayish below, with bars of brownish black both above and below.
+In the place of the ruffs of the Ruffled Grouse, are long tufts of rounded or
+square ended feathers, and beneath these a peculiar sac, bright orange in the breeding</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/187.png"><br>
+Olive Buff.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/187mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_186" id="Page_186"></a> 186
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/188ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/188a.png">
+<p>Prairie Chicken.<br>
+Heath Hen.</p></div>
+<p>season, and capable of being inflated to
+the size of a small orange; this is done when the
+bird makes its familiar "booming" noise. They
+are very good "table birds" and although they are
+still very abundant in most of their range, so
+many are being killed for market, that it has
+become necessary to make more stringent laws
+relating to the killing and sale of Pinnated
+Grouse, as they are often called. They nest anywhere
+on the prairie, in hollows on the ground
+under overhanging bushes or tufts of grass. They
+lay from eight to fifteen eggs having a buffy or
+olive buff ground color, sparingly and finely
+sprinkled with brown; size 1.70 &times; 1.25.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/188b.png">
+</div>
+
+
+<p>305a. <span class="sc">Attwater Prairie Chicken.</span> <i>Tympanuchus americanus attwateri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast region of Louisiana and Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This is a slightly smaller and darker variety of
+the Pinnated Grouse. Its eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of the more northerly distributed
+bird.</p>
+
+<p>306. <span class="sc">Heath Hen.</span> <i>Tympanuchus cupido.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Island of Martha's Vineyard, Mass.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the preceding, but has the scapulars more broadly
+tipped with buff, the axillars barred, and the pinnated feathers on the neck
+pointed. It is slightly smaller than the western species. It is found on the
+wooded portions of the island, where its breeding habits are the same as those of
+the Ruffed Grouse. Mr. Brewster probably has the only authentic set of the
+eggs of this species. They are of a yellowish green color and are unspotted.
+Size 1.70 &times; 1.25. A number of Prairie Hens liberated on the island several
+years ago are apparently thriving well, and nests found there now would be
+fully as apt to belong to this species.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/188deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_187" id="Page_187"></a> 187
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/189a.png">
+<p>Pale buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>307. <span class="sc">Lesser Prairie Chicken.</span> <i>Tympanuchus pallidicinctus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Prairies from southwestern Kansas
+through Indian Territory to western Texas.</p>
+
+<p>A smaller and paler species than the Prairie
+Chicken. Never as abundant as the common Pinnated
+Grouse, this species appears to be becoming
+scarcer each year. Its nests are concealed under
+overhanging brush or placed under a large tuft of
+prairie grass, and are generally lined with a few
+grasses or leaves. They lay from eight to twelve
+eggs of a buffy color, much lighter than those of
+the Prairie Chicken, and unmarked. Size 1.65 &times;
+1.25.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/189b.png">
+<p>Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse.</p></div>
+
+<p>308. <span class="sc">Sharp-tailed Grouse.</span> <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus phasianellus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of British America, from
+the United States boundary northwest to the
+Yukon.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/189c.png">
+<p>Buffy drab.</p></div>
+
+<p>Sharp-tailed Grouse are similar in form to
+the Prairie Chicken, but are somewhat smaller
+and very much lighter in color, being nearly
+white below, with arrowhead markings on the
+breast and flanks. This species is very abundant in Manitoba and especially so
+on the plains west of Hudson Bay. Their nests are generally concealed under
+a thicket or a large tuft of grass, and are lined with grasses and feathers.
+They lay from six to fifteen eggs of a drab color, very minutely specked all over
+with brown. Size 1.70 &times; 1.25.</p>
+
+<p>308a. <span class="sc">Columbian Sharp-tailed Grouse.</span> <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus
+columbianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern United States and British Columbia to central Alaska.
+Both the nesting habits and eggs of this variety are the same as the last, with
+which species, the birds gradually intergrade as their ranges approach.</p>
+
+<p>308b. <span class="sc">Prairie Sharp-tailed Grouse.</span> <i>Pedioecetes phasianellus campestris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Plains of the United States from the Mississippi to the Rockies.
+This sub-species shades directly into the two preceding where their ranges meet,
+and only birds from the extreme parts of the range of each show any marked
+differences. The nesting habits and eggs of all three are not to be distinguished.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/189mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_188" id="Page_188"></a> 188
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/190ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/190a.png">
+<p>Sage Hen.</p></div>
+
+<p>309. <span class="sc">Sage Hen.</span> <i>Centrocercus urophasianus.</i></p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/190b.png">
+<p>Pale greenish drab.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Sage plains of the Rocky Mountain
+region from British Columbia to New Mexico,
+and from California to Dakota. This handsome
+bird is the largest of the American
+Grouse, being about 30 inches long (the hen
+bird is about six inches shorter). It may easily
+be recognized by its large size, its peculiar graduated tail with extremely
+sharp pointed feathers, and the black belly and throat. Their nests are hollows
+scratched out in the sand, under the sage bushes, generally with no lining.
+The nesting season is during April and May, they laying from six to twelve
+eggs of a greenish drab color, spotted with brown. Size 2.15 &times; 1.50.</p>
+
+
+<h2>PHEASANTS. Family PHASIANID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>* * *<span class="sc">Ring-necked Pheasant.</span> <i>Phasianus torquatus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/190c.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Several species of Pheasants have been introduced into the United States,
+among them being the Ring-necked, English, and
+Green Pheasants. The Ring-necked species seems
+to be the only one that has obtained a really strong
+foothold, it being now very abundant in Oregon
+and Washington, and adjacent states, and also
+found in abundance on many game preserves in
+the east. The males of any of the species may at
+once be distinguished from any of our birds by
+the long tail. Their nests are hollows in the
+leaves under tufts of grass or bushes. They lay
+from eight to fourteen eggs of a buff or greenish
+buff color, unmarked; size 1.50 &times; 1.30.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_189" id="Page_189"></a> 189
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/191.png"><br>
+RING-NECKED PHEASANT.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_190" id="Page_190"></a> 190
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/192ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>TURKEYS. Family MELEAGRID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/192a.png">
+<p>Sage Hen.<br>
+Wild Turkey.</p></div>
+<p>310. <span class="sc">Wild Turkey.</span> <i>Meleagris gallopavo silvestris.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/192b.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States from southern
+Middle States south to central Florida and west
+to the Mississippi Valley and eastern Texas. These
+magnificent birds, which once ranged over the
+whole of eastern United States, are being yearly
+confined to a smaller range, chiefly because of the
+destruction of their natural covers, and from persecution
+by hunters. They are generally very
+wary birds and either escape by running through
+the underbrush or by flying as soon as a human
+being appears in sight. Their nests are made
+under tangled growths of underbrush or briers.
+Their eggs, which are laid during April and May,
+range from eight to sixteen in number. They are
+of a buff color sprinkled and spotted with brownish.
+Size 2.55 &times; 1.90. Data.--Hammond, La., April
+17, 1897. Fifteen eggs. Nest hollow scraped in the ground under a bush on
+the edge of a pine woods; lined with grasses and leaves. Collector, E. A. McIlhenny.</p>
+
+<p>310a. <span class="sc">Merriam's Turkey.</span> <i>Meleagris gallopavo merriami.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States from Colorado south through western
+Texas, New Mexico and Arizona to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is abundant throughout its range, its nesting habits and eggs
+being practically indistinguishable from those of the eastern form.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_191" id="Page_191"></a> 191
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>310b. <span class="sc">Florida Turkey.</span> <i>Meleagris gallopavo osceola.</i></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/193a.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Florida.</p>
+
+<p>A small variety of the Wild Turkey,
+about 42 inches long. They
+breed in the tangled thickets in the
+higher portions of the southern
+half of Florida, laying from ten to
+sixteen eggs of a brighter and
+deeper buff color than the northern
+variety, and smaller; size 2.30 &times;
+1.75. Their nests are generally lined
+with grasses and occasionally
+with feathers. The female sits
+very close when incubating and will
+not fly until almost trod upon,
+trusting to her variegated markings
+to conceal her from observation.</p>
+
+<p>310c. <span class="sc">Rio Grande Turkey.</span> <i>Meleagris gallopavo intermedia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lowlands of the southern parts of Texas and northern Mexico. A
+sub-species which differs slightly in plumage and not at all in nesting habits or
+eggs from the common Wild Turkey.</p>
+
+<h2>CURASSOWS AND GUANS. Family CRACID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>311. <span class="sc">Chachalaca.</span> <i>Ortalis vetula mccalli.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/193b.png">
+<p>Chachalaca.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Eastern portions of Mexico, north
+to the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/193c.png">
+<p>Buffy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>A very peculiar grayish colored bird with a
+greenish gloss to the back, and a long, broad
+tail, quite long legs, and with the face and
+sides of the throat devoid of feathers. They
+are very abundant birds in some localities, and very noisy during the breeding
+season, their notes resembling a harsh trumpeting repetition of their name.
+They are ground inhabiting birds, but nest in low bushes. Their nests are
+made of sticks, twigs, leaves, or moss and are generally frail, flat structures
+only a few feet above the ground. During April, they lay from three to five
+buffy white eggs, the shell of which is very rough and hard. Size 2.25 &times; 1.55.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/193mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_192" id="Page_192"></a> 192
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/194ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<h2>PIGEONS AND DOVES. Order XI. COLUMB&AElig;</h2>
+
+<h3>Family COLUMBIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>Pigeons and doves are distributed throughout nearly every temperate and
+tropical country on the globe, nearly five hundred species being known, of
+which twelve occur within our limits. Their plumage is generally soft and
+subdued colors, the head small, the wings strong and the flight rapid.</p>
+
+<p>312. <span class="sc">Band-tailed Pigeon.</span> <i>Columba fasciata fasciata.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/194.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--The Rocky Mountains and westward to the Pacific, from British
+Columbia south to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This large species may be generally recognized
+by the white crescent on the nape; it is about 15
+inches in length. They nest abundantly on the
+mountain ranges, sometimes in large flocks, and
+again, only a few pairs together. Their nests are
+rude platforms of sticks and twigs either in bushes
+or in large trees in heavily wooded districts. The
+two eggs which are laid during May or June are
+pure white in color, and like those of all the
+pigeons, equally rounded at each end. Size
+1.55 &times; 1.10.</p>
+
+<p>312a. <span class="sc">Viosca's Pigeon.</span> <i>Columba fasciata viosc&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California. This is a paler variety of the preceding
+species and is not noticeably different in its habits, nesting or eggs.</p>
+
+<p>313. <span class="sc">Red-billed Pigeon.</span> <i>Columba flavirostris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and Central America, north to southern Texas, Arizona and
+New Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This species, characterized by its red bill, purplish colored head, neck and
+breast and absence of iridescent markings, is abundant in the valley of the
+Lower Rio Grande, where they build their frail nests in thickets and low bushes,
+and during May and June lay their white eggs. Size of eggs, 1.55 &times; 1.05.</p>
+
+<p>314. <span class="sc">White-crowned Pigeon.</span> <i>Columba leucocephala.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Resident of the West Indies; in summer, found on the Florida Keys.
+This species, which can be identified by its white crown, nests in trees or mangroves
+on certain of the Florida Keys, laying its two white eggs on its rude
+platform of sticks and twigs. Size of eggs 1.40 &times; 1.05. Nests in April and
+May.</p>
+
+<p>314.1. <span class="sc">Scaled Pigeon.</span> <i>Columba squamosa.</i></p>
+
+<p>A West Indian species, a single specimen of which was taken at Key West,
+Florida.</p>
+
+<p>A dark colored species, with purplish head, neck and breast; named from the
+scaly appearance of the iridescent feathers on the sides of the neck.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_193" id="Page_193"></a> 193
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/195a.png">
+<p>Passenger Pigeon.</p></div>
+<p>315. <span class="sc">Passenger Pigeon.</span> <i>Ectopistes migratorius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Formerly, North America east of the
+Rockies; casually seen in the upper Mississippi
+Valley, now extinct.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/195b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A handsome species (see frontispiece) with
+ruddy underparts, grayish upperparts and a
+long graduated
+tail. This species
+years ago found
+in flocks of thousands
+or millions,
+is now practically
+exterminated,
+chiefly by being
+hunted and trapped.
+A few pairs
+probably now nest
+in the interior,
+from northern
+United States to Hudson Bay. Their nests are
+very rude, frail platforms of twigs, on which
+two white eggs are laid, they being longer and
+narrower, comparatively, than those of other species. Size of eggs, 1.50 &times; 1.02.
+Data.--Southwest shore of Lake Manitoba, June 1, 1891. Nest of twigs in an
+aspen tree.</p>
+
+
+<p>316. <span class="sc">Mourning Dove.</span> <i>Zenaidura macroura carolinensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America from New England, Manitoba and British Columbia,
+southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/195c.png">
+<p>Mourning Dove.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/195d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Now that the Passenger
+Pigeon has
+disappeared, this
+species becomes the
+only one found in
+the east, with the exception
+of the little
+Ground Dove in the
+South Atlantic and
+Gulf States. While,
+sometimes, small flocks of them nest in a community,
+they generally nest in companies of
+two or three pairs. Their nests are generally
+at a low elevation, in trees, bushes and often
+upon the ground. Their nests are made entirely
+of twigs and rootlets, and eggs may be
+found from early in April until the latter part
+of September, as they often raise two or three
+broods a season. The two eggs are white.
+Size 1.15 &times; .80. Data.--Refugio Co., Texas, May
+3, 1899. Two eggs laid on the ground in a
+slight cradle of twigs. Collector, James J.
+Carroll.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/195mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_194" id="Page_194"></a> 194
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/196ml.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/196a.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF MOURNING DOVE</p>
+<span class="rig">H. B. Stough.</span><br>
+
+<p>317. <span class="sc">Zenaida Dove.</span> <i>Zenaida zenaida.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--West Indies; in summer, on the Florida Keys, but not in great numbers.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar in size to the Mourning Dove, but it has a short and
+square tail, and the secondaries are tipped with white, and the underparts more
+ruddy. They generally nest upon the ground, but occasionally in small bushes,
+laying two white eggs a trifle larger than those of the preceding species. Size
+1.20 &times; .90. The nests are made of grasses and twigs, on the ground under bushes.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/196b.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_195" id="Page_195"></a> 195
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>318. <span class="sc">White-fronted Dove.</span> <i>Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/197a.png">
+<p>White-fronted Dove.<br>
+White-winged Dove.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and Central America north
+to southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>Slightly larger than the last, much paler below,
+with no black ear mark as in the two preceding
+species, and with the forehead whitish.
+They build their nests of sticks, grasses and
+weeds, and place them in tangled vines and
+thickets a few feet from the ground. Their
+two eggs, which are laid in May and June,
+have a creamy white or buffy color. Size 1.15
+&times; .85. They cannot be called a common species
+within our borders.</p>
+
+<p>319. <span class="sc">White-winged Dove.</span> <i>Melopelia asiatica.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/197b.png">
+<p> White.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Central America,
+Mexico and the
+southwestern border of
+the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This species is 12 inches
+in length, has a
+black patch on the ear
+coverts, white tips to
+the greater and lesser
+coverts and some of the
+secondaries, and broad
+white tips to the outer tail feathers, which are black. This species is very
+abundant in some localities within our borders. Their nests are very frail platforms
+of twigs placed in trees or bushes or precariously suspended among
+tangled vines. Their two eggs are white or creamy white, and measure
+1.15 &times; .85.</p>
+
+<p>320. <span class="sc">Ground Dove.</span> <i>Columbigallina passerina terrestris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States to eastern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>The Ground Doves are the smallest of the family, measuring but about 6.5
+inches in length. Their nesting habits and eggs are exactly like those of the
+next to be described. They are very abundant, especially along the South Atlantic
+coast.</p>
+
+<p>320a. <span class="sc">Mexican Ground Dove.</span> <i>Ch&aelig;mepelia passerinus pallescens.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/197c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Border of the United States from Texas to southern
+California and southward.</p>
+
+<p>This paler sub-species builds a nest of twigs and weeds,
+placing the flat structure either in low bushes or on the
+ground. Their two white eggs are laid during April to July,
+they sometimes rearing two broods a season. Size of eggs,
+.85 &times; .65.</p>
+
+<p>320b. <span class="sc">Bermuda Ground Dove.</span> <i>Ch&aelig;mepelia passerina bermudiana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Bermuda. Smaller and paler than the last; otherwise the same in
+nesting habits and eggs.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/197mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_196" id="Page_196"></a> 196
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/198ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>321. <span class="sc">Inca Dove.</span> <i>Scardafella inca.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/198a.png">
+<p>Inca Dove.<br>
+Ground Dove.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/198b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Mexican border of the United States
+south to Central America and Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This handsome species is about the size of
+the last, but its tail is longer and graduated,
+consequently its length is
+greater, it being about 8
+inches long. It is not an
+uncommon species along
+our Mexican border, but is
+not nearly as abundant as
+is the Ground Dove. It is
+often called "Scaled Dove"
+because of the blackish edges of nearly all its
+feathers. They build fairly compact nests of
+twigs, rootlets and weeds, these being placed
+in bushes at a low elevation. They are two in
+number and pure white. Size .85 &times; .65.</p>
+
+<p>322. <span class="sc">Key West Quail Dove.</span> <i>Geotrygon chrysia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--West Indies, rarely found at Key
+West, although supposed to have been common
+there in Audubon's time. This species is of
+about the size of the Mourning Dove, has rusty
+colored upper parts, and is whitish below, the
+white below the eye being separated from that of the throat by a stripe of dusky
+from the base of the bill. They nest in trees, laying two buffy white eggs.
+Size 1.15 &times; .9O.</p>
+
+<p>322.1. <span class="sc">Ruddy Quail Dove.</span> <i>Geotrygon montana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Central America, north to eastern Mexico and the West Indies; once
+taken at Key West. This species is similar to the last but has no white streak
+under the eye, and the underparts are buffy. Eggs, creamy white. Size
+1.15 &times; .90.</p>
+
+<p>323. <span class="sc">Blue-headed Quail Dove.</span> <i>Starnoenas cyanocephala.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Cuba, accidentally straying to Key West, but not in recent years.</p>
+
+<p>It is a beautiful species, with a bright blue crown, black throat and stripe
+through the eye, separated by a white line under the eye. The rest of the
+plumage is of a brownish or rusty color. Eggs buffy white. Size 1.30 &times; 1.05.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/198c.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_197" id="Page_197"></a> 197
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/199.png"><br>
+CALIFORNIA VULTURE.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_198" id="Page_198"></a> 198
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/200ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<h2>VULTURES, HAWKS and OWLS. Order XII. RAPTORES</h2>
+
+<h3>AMERICAN VULTURES. Family CATHARTIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>Vultures are peculiarly formed birds of prey, having a bare head and neck, a
+lengthened bill strongly hooked at the end for tearing flesh, and long, strong,
+broad wings upon which they float in the air for hours at a time without any
+visible flapping. They are scavengers and do great service to mankind by devouring
+dead animal matter, that, if allowed to remain, would soon taint the
+atmosphere. Their eyesight and sense of smell is very acute. They do not,
+except in very unusual cases, capture their prey, but feed upon that which has
+been killed or died of disease.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/200.png"><br>
+Ashy gray.</p>
+
+<p>324. <span class="sc">California Vulture.</span> <i>Gymnogyps californianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Apparently now restricted to the coast ranges of California, casually
+inland to Arizona, and formerly to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>This large bird, which weighs about 20 pounds, measures about 4 feet in
+length, and has an expanse of wings of about 10 feet. Its plumage is blackish
+with lengthened lanceolate feathers about the neck, and with the greater wing
+coverts broadly tipped with grayish white (in very old birds). The birds are
+very rare in their restricted range and are becoming scarcer each year, owing to
+their being shot and their nests robbed. While the eggs are very rarely found
+and only secured at a great risk, they are not as unobtainable as many suppose,
+as may be seen from the fact that one private collection contains no less than
+six perfect specimens of the eggs and as many mounted birds. These birds lay
+but a single egg, placing it generally in caves or recesses in the face of cliffs,
+hundreds of feet from the ground, and often in inaccessible locations. The eggs
+are of an ashy gray color and measure about 4.45 &times; 1.55.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_199" id="Page_199"></a> 199
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/201a.png">
+<p>324--325.</p></div>
+
+<p>325. <span class="sc">Turkey Vulture.</span> <i>Cathartes aura septentrionalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--America, from New Jersey on the Atlantic coast,
+Manitoba and British Columbia, south to southern South
+America, wintering in the southern half of the United
+States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/201b.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The plumage of this small Buzzard (length 30 inches) is blackish brown, the
+naked head being red. It is very common in the southern and central portions
+of its range, where it frequents the streets and door yards picking up any refuse
+that is edible. It is a very graceful bird while on the wing, and can readily be
+identified when at a distance from the fact that, when in flight, the tips of the
+wings curve upward. The two eggs which constitute a set are laid upon the
+ground between large rocks, in hollow stumps, under logs, or between the
+branching trunks of large trees, generally in large woods. They frequently
+nest in communities and again, only a single pair may be found in the woods.
+Its nesting season ranges from March until June in the different localities.
+The eggs are creamy or bluish white, spotted and blotched with shades of brown,
+and with fainter markings of lavender. Size 2.70 &times; 1.85.</p>
+
+<p>326. <span class="sc">Black Vulture.</span> <i>Catharista uruba.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--More southerly than the preceding; north regularly to North Carolina
+and southern Illinois, and west to the Rocky Mountains.</p>
+
+<p>This species is about the same size, or slightly smaller than the Turkey
+Vulture; its plumage is entirely black as is also the naked head, and bill. In
+the South Atlantic and Gulf States, the present species is even more abundant
+than the preceding, and might even be said to be partially domesticated. The
+nesting habits are the same as those of the Turkey Buzzard but their eggs
+average longer and the ground color is pale greenish or bluish white rather than
+creamy. They are spotted and blotched the same. Size 3.00 &times; 2.00.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/201deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/201mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_200" id="Page_200"></a> 200
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/202a.png"><br>
+Bluish white.<br>
+EGG OF BLACK VULTURE.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/202b.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF TURKEY VULTURE.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_201" id="Page_201"></a> 201
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<h2>KITES, HAWKS AND EAGLES. Family BUTEONID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>The members of this family are chiefly diurnal; they get their living by
+preying upon smaller animals or birds. They have strong sharply hooked
+bills, powerful legs and feet armed with strong, curved and sharply pointed
+talons.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/203a.png">
+<p>Swallow-tailed Kite.</p></div>
+
+<p>327. <span class="sc">Swallow-tailed Kite.</span> <i>Elanoides forficatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern United States; casually
+north to New York and Manitoba.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/203b.png">
+<p> White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This most beautiful Kite can never be mistaken
+for any other; its whole head, neck and
+underparts are snowy white, while the back, wings and tail are glossy blue
+black, the wings being very long and the tail long and deeply forked. The extreme
+length of the bird is 24 inches. As a rule nests of this bird are placed
+high up in the tallest trees; they are made of sticks, weeds and moss. Two
+eggs, or rarely three, constitute a full set. They are white or bluish white,
+spotted with brown. The one figured is an unusually handsome marked specimen
+in the collection of Mr. C. W. Crandall. Average size of eggs, 1.80 &times; 1.50.
+Data.--Yegna Creek bottoms, Texas, April 27, 1891. Two eggs. Nest of sticks
+and green moss, the same moss also being used for lining; in an elm tree 80
+feet up.</p>
+
+<p>328. <span class="sc">White-tailed Kite.</span> <i>Elanus leucurus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern United States, north to the Carolinas, Illinois and middle
+California.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/203c.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species can be recognized by its light
+bluish gray mantle, black shoulders and white
+tail. It is a very active species, feeding upon
+insects and reptiles, and small birds and mammals.
+The nests of these species are placed
+in trees at quite an elevation from the ground,
+being made of sticks, weeds and leaves. The
+eggs are creamy white, profusely blotched and
+spotted with reddish brown and umber. Size
+1.65 &times; 1.25. Data.--Los Angeles, Cal., April 9,
+1896. Nest in fork of willows about 25 feet up.
+Made of willow twigs and weed stalks, lined
+with pieces of bark.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/203mr.png"></p><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_202" id="Page_202"></a> 202
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/204ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/204a.png">
+<p>White-tailed Kite<br>
+Mississippi Kite.</p></div>
+
+<p>329. <span class="sc">Mississippi Kite.</span> <i>Ictinia mississippiensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southeastern United States, north
+to South Carolina and Illinois.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/204b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>A small species (length 14 inches) with the
+head, neck, and underparts gray, and the back,
+wings and tail blackish, the tips of the secondaries
+being grayish. They live almost exclusively
+upon insects, such as grasshoppers,
+and small reptiles. They build their nests of sticks and weeds well up in tall
+trees. The eggs are two or three in number and normally bluish white, unmarked,
+but occasionally with very faint spots of pale brown. Size 1.65 &times; 1.25.
+Data.--Giddings, Texas, May 31, 1887. Nest of sticks and weeds, with green
+pecan leaves in the lining; placed in the top of a live oak sapling, 20 feet from
+the ground. Collector, J. A. Singley.</p>
+
+<p>330. <span class="sc">Everglade Kite.</span> <i>Rostrhamus sociabilis.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/204c.png">
+<p>Everglade Kite.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--South America, north to southern Florida and Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This peculiar species has a long, slender, curved bill, blackish plumage, with
+white rump and bases of outer tail feather. They feed largely upon snails,
+both land and water varieties. They nest at a low elevation in bushes or under
+brush, often over the water.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/204d.png">
+<p>Pale greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The nests are
+of sticks, weeds and leaves. The three eggs
+are light greenish white, spotted and splashed
+with chestnut brown. Size, 1.70 &times; 1.30. Nest
+in a custard apple tree, 6 feet from the ground,
+built of twigs, lined with small vine stems and
+willow leaves.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_203" id="Page_203"></a> 203
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/205.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF MARSH HAWK.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_204" id="Page_204"></a> 204
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/206ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/206a.png">
+<p>(Adult and young)<br>
+Marsh Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>331. <span class="sc">Marsh Hawk</span>. <i>Circus hudsonius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, very
+abundant in all sections.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/206b.png">
+<p>Pale bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The adult of this species is very light colored,
+and young birds of the first two years have a
+reddish brown coloration; in both plumages
+the species is easily identified by the white
+patch on the rump. They are, almost exclusively frequenters of fields and
+marshes, where they can most often be seen, towards dusk, swooping in broad
+curves near the ground, watching for field mice, which form the larger portion
+of their diet. Their nests are made in swampy ground, often in the middle of a
+large marsh, being placed on the ground in the centre of a hummock or clump
+of grass; it is generally well lined with grasses and often rushes. They lay
+from four to seven pale bluish white eggs, generally unmarked; size 1.80 &times; 1.40.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/206c.png">
+<p>Sharp-shinned Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>332. <span class="sc">Sharp-shinned Hawk</span>. <i>Accipiter velox.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/206d.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, wintering in the United States and southward;
+breeds throughout its range, but most abundantly in northern United
+States and northward. This is one of the smallest of the hawks and in the
+adult plumage is a beautiful species, being barred
+below with light brown, and having a bluish
+slate back. It is a very spirited and daring
+bird and is one of the most destructive to small
+birds and young chickens. Its nest is a rude
+and sometimes very frail platform of twigs and
+leaves placed against the trunk of the tree at
+any height, but averaging, perhaps, fifteen feet.
+The eggs are bluish white, beautifully blotched
+and spotted with shades of brown.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_205" id="Page_205"></a> 205
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/207a.png">
+<p>Cooper's Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>333. <span class="sc">Cooper's Hawk.</span> <i>Accipiter cooperi.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/207b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of temperate North America,
+breeding throughout its range.</p>
+
+<p>Although larger (length 17 inches), the plumage
+of this species is almost exactly the same
+as that of the preceding. Like the last, this is also a destructive species.
+They construct their nests in the crotches of trees, generally at quite a height
+from the ground; the nest is made of sticks and twigs, and often lined with
+pieces of bark; occasionally an old Hawk's or Crow's nest is used by the birds.
+Their eggs are bluish white, unmarked or faintly spotted with pale brown.</p>
+
+<p>334. <span class="sc">Goshawk.</span> <i>Astur atricapillus atricapillus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern North America, south in winter to the northern parts of
+the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/207c.png">
+<p>American Goshawk.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/207d.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is one of the largest, strongest and most audacious of American
+Hawks, frequently carrying off Grouse and poultry, the latter often in the
+presence of the owner. It is a handsome species in the adult plumage, with
+bluish gray upper parts, and light under parts, finely vermiculated with grayish
+and black shafts to the feathers. Length 23 inches. Their nests are placed
+well up in the tallest trees, usually in dense woods, the nests being of sticks
+lined with weeds and bark. The three or
+four eggs are bluish white, generally unmarked,
+but occasionally with faint spots of
+brown. Size 2.30 x 1.70.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/207mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_206" id="Page_206"></a> 206
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/208.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF COOPER'S HAWK.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_207" id="Page_207"></a> 207
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/209a.png">
+<p>Harris's Hawk.</p></div>
+<p>334a. <span class="sc">Western Goshawk.</span> <i>Astur atricapillus striatulus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/209b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America from Alaska
+to California, breeding chiefly north of
+the United States except in some of the higher
+ranges of the Pacific coast. This sub-species is darker, both above and below,
+than the American Goshawk. Its nesting habits and eggs are precisely the
+same. The eggs are quite variable in size.</p>
+
+<p>335. <span class="sc">Harris's Hawk.</span> <i>Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and Central America, north to the Mexican border of the
+United States; very abundant in southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This is a peculiar blackish species, with white rump, and chestnut shoulders
+and thighs. It is commonly met with in company with Caracaras, Turkey Buzzards
+and Black Vultures, feeding upon carrion. They also feed to an extent
+on small mammals and birds. Their nests are made of sticks, twigs and weeds,
+and placed in bushes or low trees. The three or four eggs are laid in April or
+May. They are dull white in color and generally unmarked, although often
+showing traces of pale brown spots. They are quite variable in size, averaging
+2.10 x 1.65.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/209c.png"><br>
+White.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/209mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_208" id="Page_208"></a> 208
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/210ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/210a.png">
+<p>Red-tailed Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>337. <span class="sc">Red-tailed Hawk.</span> <i>Buteo borealis borealis</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/210b.png">
+<p>Pale bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is one of the handsomest of the larger
+hawks, and is the best known in the east,
+where it is commonly, but wrongly, designated as "hen hawk", a name, however,
+which is indiscriminately applied to any bird that has talons and a hooked
+beak. The adult of this species is unmistakable because of its reddish brown
+tail; young birds are very frequently confounded with other species. Their
+food consists chiefly of small rodents, snakes and lizards, and only occasionally
+are poultry or birds taken. They nest in the tallest trees in large patches of
+woods, the nests being made of sticks, weeds, leaves and trash. The eggs
+number from two to four, and are white, sometimes heavily, and sometimes
+sparingly, blotched and spotted with various shades of brown. Size 2.35 x 1.80.</p>
+
+<p>337a. <span class="sc">Krider's Hawk.</span> <i>Buteo borealis krideri</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Plains of the United States, north to Manitoba.</p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is described as lighter on the underparts, which are almost
+immaculate. Its nesting habits and eggs are the same as those of the preceding.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/210c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>337b. <span class="sc">Western Red-tail.</span> <i>Buteo borealis calurus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America,
+chiefly west of the Rocky Mountains.</p>
+
+<p>This sub-species varies from the
+plumage of the eastern Red-tail, to
+a nearly uniform sooty above and
+below, with the dark red tail crossed
+by several bands; it is a generally
+darker variety than the Red-tail.
+Its nesting habits are the
+same and the eggs show the great
+variations in markings that are
+common to the eastern bird.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_209" id="Page_209"></a> 209
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/211a.png">
+<p>Red-shouldered Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>337d. <span class="sc">Harlan's Hawk.</span> <i>Buteo borealis harlani.</i></p>
+
+
+
+<p>Range.--Gulf States and southward, north to
+Kansas.</p>
+
+<p>This dark sub-species is generally nearly uniform
+blackish, but sometimes is lighter or even
+white below. Its tail is rusty, mottled with
+blackish and white. Its nesting habits are the
+same and the eggs are not distinguishable
+from those of the other Red-tails.</p>
+
+<p>339. <span class="sc">Red-shouldered Hawk.</span> <i>Buteo lineatus lineatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains
+and from the southern parts of the British
+Provinces southward; abundant and breeding
+throughout its range.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/211b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is smaller than the Red-tailed
+and is not as powerfully built; length 19 inches.
+The adults are handsomely barred beneath
+with reddish brown, giving the entire
+underparts a ruddy color. Like the
+last species, they rarely feed upon
+poultry, confining their diet chiefly to
+mice, rats, frogs, reptiles, etc. These
+Hawks nest in the larger growths of
+timber, usually building their nests
+high above the ground. The nest is
+of sticks, and lined with leaves, weeds
+and pieces of bark. They lay three
+or four eggs with a white ground
+color, variously blotched and spotted,
+either sparingly or heavily, with different
+shades of brown. Size 2.15 &times;
+1.75. Data.--Kalamazoo, Michigan,
+April 25, 1898. Nest about 40 feet up
+in an oak tree; made of sticks and
+twigs and lined with bark. Four eggs.
+Collector, J. C. Holmes.</p>
+
+<p>339a. <span class="sc">Florida Red-shouldered Hawk.</span> <i>Buteo lineatus alleni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Florida and the Gulf coast; north to South Carolina. The nesting
+habits of this paler sub-species are precisely like those of the last species.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/211deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/211mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_210" id="Page_210"></a> 210
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/212.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF RED-SHOULDERED HAWK.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_211" id="Page_211"></a> 211
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/213a.png">
+<p>339b--340.</p></div>
+<p>339b. <span class="sc">Red-bellied Hawk.</span> <i>Buteo lineatus elegans.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from British Columbia south to
+Lower California, chiefly west of the Rockies.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/213b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This variety is similar to, but darker than lineatus, and
+the underparts are a uniform reddish brown, without barring.
+Their nests are like those of the Red-shouldered
+variety, and almost always placed high up in the largest
+trees. The eggs are very similar, but average lighter in markings. Size 2.15
+&times; 1.70. Data.--Diego, Cal., April 13, 1897. Nest in a sycamore 20 feet from
+ground, made of sticks, leaves and feathers.</p>
+
+<p>340. <span class="sc">Zone-tailed Hawk.</span> <i>Buteo abbreviatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and Central America, north to the Mexican border of the
+United States.</p>
+
+<p>This species, which is 19 inches long, is wholly black with the exception of
+the tail, which is banded. Their nests are built in heavy woods, and preferably
+in trees along the bank of a stream. The nest is of the usual Hawk construction
+and the two to four eggs are white, faintly marked with pale chestnut.
+Data.--Marathon, Texas. Nest of sticks, lined with weeds and rabbit fur; on a
+horizontal branch of a cotton-wood tree, 30 feet up.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/213c.png"><br>
+White.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/213mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_212" id="Page_212"></a> 212
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/214ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/214a.png">
+<p>Sennett's White-tailed Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>341. <span class="sc">Sennett's White-tailed Hawk.</span> <i>Buteo albicaudatus sennetti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexican border of the United States
+and southward.</p>
+
+<p>A large, handsome Hawk which may be identified
+by its dark upper parts and white underparts
+and tail, the flanks and tail being lightly
+barred with grayish; the shoulders are chestnut.
+It is especially abundant in the southern
+parts of Texas, where it builds its nests of
+sticks and weeds, lined with grasses, leaves
+and moss. They nest in March and April, laying
+two, or rarely three, eggs which are a dull
+white, and generally immaculate, but occasionally
+faintly or sparingly spotted with brown.
+Size of eggs 2.25 &times; 1.80.</p>
+
+<p>342. <span class="sc">Swainson's Hawk.</span> <i>Buteo swainsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Central and western North America,
+from the Mississippi Valley and Hudson Bay,
+to the Pacific coast, breeding throughout its
+range.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/214c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/214b.png">
+<p>Swainson's Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>In the greater part of its range, this is
+the most abundant of the Hawk family.
+Its plumage is extremely variable, showing all the intergradations from a uniform
+sooty blackish to the typical adult plumage of a grayish above, and a
+white below, with a large breast patch of rich chestnut. Their nesting habits
+are as variable as their plumage. In some localities, they nest exclusively in
+trees, in others indifferently upon the ground or rocky ledges. The nest is the
+usual Hawk structure of sticks; the eggs are white, variously splashed and
+spotted with reddish brown and umber. Size
+2.20 &times; 1.70. Data.--Stark Co., N. D., May 21,
+1897. Nest of sticks, lined with weeds in an
+ash tree. Collector, Roy Dodd.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_213" id="Page_213"></a> 213
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/215a.png">
+<p>American Rough-legged Hawk.</p></div>
+<p>343. <span class="sc">Broad-winged Hawk.</span> <i>Buteo platypterus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains,
+and from the British Provinces southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/215b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>A medium sized species, about 16 inches in
+length, and with a short tail and broad rounded
+wings; adults have the underparts handsomely barred with brown. Their nests
+are usually built in large trees, but generally placed against the trunk in the
+crotch of some of the lower branches. It is made of sticks and almost invariably
+lined with bark. The two to four eggs are of a grayish white color, marked
+with chestnut, brown and stone gray; size 1.90 &times; 1.55. Data.--Worcester,
+Mass., May 16, 1895. Nest about 20 feet up in a large chestnut tree. The birds
+continually circled overhead, their weird cries sounding like the creaking of
+branches. Collector, A. J. White.</p>
+
+<p>344. <span class="sc">Short-tailed Hawk.</span> <i>Buteo brachyurus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A tropical species, which occurs north to the Mexican border and
+regularly to southern Florida, where it breeds in the large cypress swamps. Its
+eggs are pale greenish white, sparingly spotted with brown, chiefly at the large
+end. Size 2.15 &times; 1.60.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/215c.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>345. <span class="sc">Mexican Black Hawk.</span> <i>Urubitinga anthracina.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexican border of the United
+States and southward.</p>
+
+<p>A coal black species about 22 inches in
+length, distinguished by the white tip,
+and broad white band across the tail
+about midway. This is one of the least
+abundant of the Mexican species that
+cross the border. They are shy birds and
+build their nests in the tallest trees in
+remote woods. Their two or three eggs
+are grayish white, faintly spotted with
+pale brown; size 2.25 &times; 1.80. Data.--Los
+Angeles County, Cal., April 6, 1889.
+Nest of sticks, lined with bark and
+leaves; 45 feet up in a sycamore tree.
+Collector, R. B. Chapman.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/215mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_214" id="Page_214"></a> 214
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/216ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/216a.png">
+<p>Rough-legged Hawk.</p></div>
+<p>346. <span class="sc">Mexican Goshawk.</span> <i>Asturina plagiata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north to the border of the
+United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/216b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A beautiful, medium sized Hawk (17 inches
+long), slaty gray above, white below, numerously
+barred with grayish; tail black, crossed
+by several white bars. These are graceful
+and active birds, feeding largely upon small rodents, and occasionally small
+birds. They nest in the top of tall trees, laying two or three greenish white,
+unmarked eggs; size 1.95 x 1.60. Data.--Santa Cruz River, Arizona, June 3,
+1902. Nest in the fork of a mesquite tree about forty feet from the ground;
+made of large sticks, lined with smaller ones and leaves. Three eggs. Collector,
+O. W. Howard.</p>
+
+<p>347a. <span class="sc">Rough-legged Hawk.</span> <i>Archibuteo lagopus sancti-johannis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern North America, breeding chiefly north of our borders and
+wintering south to the middle portions of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/216c.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Rough-legs are large, heavily built birds of prey, specially characterized
+by the completely feathered legs. The present species is 22 inches long, and in
+the normal plumage has a whitish head, neck, breast and tail, the former being
+streaked and the latter barred
+with blackish; the remainder of
+the upper and underparts are blackish
+brown. Their nests are usually
+placed in trees, and less often on
+the ground than those of the next
+species. These Rough-legs are very
+irregularly distributed, and are nowhere
+as common as the next.
+While the greater number nest
+north of the United States, it is
+very probable that a great many
+nest on the higher ranges within
+our borders. The species is often
+taken in summer, even in Massachusetts.
+They lay three eggs of a
+bluish white color, boldly splashed
+with dark brown; size 2.25 x 1.75.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_215" id="Page_215"></a> 215
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/217a.png">
+<p>Rough-legged Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>348. <span class="sc">Ferruginous Rough-leg.</span> <i>Archibuteo ferrugineus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/217b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, west of the Mississippi, breeding from the latitude
+of Colorado north to the Saskatchewan region.</p>
+
+<p>This species nests very abundantly along our northern states, particularly in
+Dakota. It is a larger bird than the preceding and can easily be told by its
+reddish coloration, particularly on the shoulders and tibia. While in some
+localities they nest only in trees, the greater number appear to build their nests
+on the ground or rocky ledges, making a large heap of sticks, weeds and grass.
+Their three or four eggs are white, beautifully spotted and blotched, in endless
+variety, with various shades of brown. Size 2.60 x 2.00. Data.--Stark Co., N.
+D., April 29, 1900. Nest built of coarse sticks on a clay butte.</p>
+
+<p>349. <span class="sc">Golden Eagle.</span> <i>Aquila chrys&aelig;tos.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/217c.png">
+<p>Golden Eagle.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, west of the Mississippi;
+most abundant in the Rockies and along
+the Pacific coast ranges.</p>
+
+<p>This magnificent bird, which is even more
+powerful than the Bald Eagle, measures about
+34 inches long, and spreads about 7 feet. Its
+plumage is a rich brownish black, very old
+birds being golden brown on the nape. They
+can be distinguished in all plumages from the
+Bald Eagle by the completely feathered tarsus.
+They build their nests in the tops of the tallest
+trees in the wild, mountainous country of the
+west, and more rarely upon ledges of the cliffs.
+The nests are made of large sticks, lined with
+smaller ones and leaves and weeds. Their eggs
+are the most handsome of the Raptores, being
+white in color, and blotched, splashed, spotted
+and specked with light brown and clouded with
+gray or lilac, of course varying endlessly in
+pattern and intensity. Size 2.90 x 2.50. Data.--Monterey
+Co., Cal., May 3, 1888. Three eggs.
+Nest of sticks, lined with pine needles, in a
+pine tree, 50 feet up.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/217mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_216" id="Page_216"></a> 216
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/218.png"><br>
+BALD EAGLE.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_217" id="Page_217"></a> 217
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>351. <span class="sc">Gray Sea Eagle.</span> <i>Hali&aelig;etus albicilla.</i></p>
+
+<p>A common species on the sea coasts of Europe; straggling to southern Greenland,
+where it nests upon the rocky cliffs.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/219a.png">
+<p> Bald Eagle.</p></div>
+
+<p>352. <span class="sc">Bald Eagle.</span> <i>Hali&aelig;etus leucocephalus leucocephalus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/219b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America; most abundant on the Atlantic
+coast; breeds throughout its range. This large white-headed and white-tailed
+species is abundant in sufficiently wild localities along the Atlantic
+coast. It only attains the white head and tail when three years old,
+the first two years, being blackish. It is about 34 inches in length
+and expands about seven feet, never over eight feet, and only birds of the second
+year (when they are larger than the adults) ever approach this expanse.
+Their food consists of fish (which they sometimes capture themselves, but
+more often take from the Osprey), carrion, and Ducks, which they catch in
+flight. Their nests are massive structures of sticks, in the tops of tall trees.
+They very rarely lay more than two eggs, which are white. Size 2.75 x 2.10.
+Data.--Mt. Pleasant, S. C., nest in top of a pine, 105 feet from the ground;
+made of large sticks and lined with Spanish moss.</p>
+
+<p>352a. <span class="sc">Northern Bald Eagle.</span>--<i>Hali&aelig;etus leucocephalus alascanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Alaska. This sub-species averages slightly larger than the Bald
+Eagle, but never exceeds the largest dimensions of that species. Its nesting
+habits and eggs are the same, except that it more often builds its nests on rocky
+cliffs than does the Bald Eagle. The eggs are laid in February and March.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/219deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/219mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_218" id="Page_218"></a> 218
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/220ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>FALCONS AND CARACARAS</h2>
+
+<h3>Family FALCONDIDAE</h3>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/220a.png">
+<p>Gray Gyrfalcon.<br>
+White Gyrfalcon.</p></div>
+
+<p>353. <span class="sc">White Gyrfalcon.</span> <i>Falco islandus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions; south in winter casually
+to northern United States, chiefly on the
+coast.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/220b.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Gyrfalcons are large, strong, active and fearless
+birds, about 23 inches in length. Their food consists chiefly of hares,
+Ducks and Waders which abound in the far north. The present species is
+snowy white, more or less barred with blackish brown on the back and wings
+and with a few marks on the breast. They nest upon the ledges of high cliffs,
+laying three or four eggs of a buffy color, blotched and finely specked with
+reddish brown, this color often concealing the ground color. Size of eggs, 2.30 &times;
+1.80. In America, they nest in Greenland and the Arctic regions.</p>
+
+<p>354. <span class="sc">Gray Gyrfalcon.</span> <i>Falco rusticolus rusticolus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 350px"><img alt="" src="images/220c.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions; south in
+winter to northern United States.</p>
+
+<p>This species is of the size of the last
+but the plumage is largely gray, barred
+with dusky. They nest more
+abundantly in southern Greenland than
+do the preceding species. The nesting
+habits and eggs do not differ.</p>
+
+<p>354a. <span class="sc">Gyrfalcon.</span> <i>Falco rusticolus gyrfalco.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions; south casually
+to Long Island.</p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is hardly to be distinguished
+from the preceding; its
+nesting habits and eggs are identical,
+the nests being of sticks, lined with weeds and feathers and placed upon the
+most inaccessible ledges of cliffs.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_219" id="Page_219"></a> 219
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>354b. <span class="sc">Black Gyrfalcon.</span> <i>Falco rusticolus obsoletus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/221a.png">
+<p>Prairie Falcon.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Labrador; south casually, in winter,
+to Long Island.</p>
+
+<p>A slightly darker variety. Eggs indistinguishable.
+Data.--Ungava coast, Labrador,
+May 25, 1900. Nest a heap of seaweed and
+feathers on sea cliff, containing three eggs.</p>
+
+<p>355. <span class="sc">Prairie Falcon.</span> <i>Falcon mexicanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States west of the Mississippi,
+and from Dakota and Washington southward
+to Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/221b.png">
+<p>Reddish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species abounds in suitable localities,
+generally placing its nests
+upon rocky ledges and cliffs, and sometimes
+trees, generally upon the banks
+of some stream. The nests are masses
+of sticks, lined with weeds and grasses. The three or four eggs have a reddish
+buff ground color, and are thickly sprinkled and blotched with reddish buff
+brown and chestnut; size 2.05 &times; 1.60.</p>
+
+<p>356a. <span class="sc">Duck Hawk.</span> <i>Falco peregrinus anatum.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding locally, chiefly in mountainous regions,
+throughout its range.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/221c.png">
+<p>Duck Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/221d.png">
+<p>Buff or reddish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This beautiful species, characterized by its black moustache, is the most
+graceful, fearless, and swiftest of the Falcons, striking down birds of several
+times its own weight, such as some of the larger Ducks. It breeds quite
+abundantly on the Pacific coast and in certain localities in the Dakotas, laying
+its eggs on the rocky ledges. Their eggs are
+similar to those of the Prairie Falcon, but are
+darker and brighter, in fact they are the darkest,
+brightest marked, and most beautiful of
+Falcon eggs; size 2.05 &times; 1.55.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/221mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_220" id="Page_220"></a> 220
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/222ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>356b. <span class="sc">Peale's Falcon.</span> <i>Falco peregrinus pealei.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/222a.png">
+<p>Pigeon Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from northern United
+States north to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>A darker form of the preceding, such as occurs
+in this section with a great many other
+birds. The nesting habits and the eggs are
+precisely like those of the Duck Hawk.</p>
+
+<p>357. <span class="sc">Pigeon Hawk.</span> <i>Falco columbarius columbarius.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/222b.png">
+<p>Brownish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding chiefly north
+of the United States except in some of the higher
+ranges along our northern border. A small Falcon,
+about 11 inches long, often confused with the Sharp-shinned Hawk, but
+much darker and a more stoutly built bird. It is a daring species, often attacking
+birds larger than itself; it also feeds on mice, grasshoppers, squirrels, etc.
+They generally build a nest of sticks in trees, deep in the woods; less often in
+natural cavities of dead trees; and sometimes on rocky ledges. Their four or
+five eggs have a brownish buff ground color, heavily blotched with brown and
+chestnut. Size 1.50 &times; 1.22.</p>
+
+<p>357a. <span class="sc">Black Pigeon Hawk.</span> <i>Falco columbarius suckleyi.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/222c.png">
+<p>Richardson's Pigeon Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from northern United States north to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>Very similar in appearance to the preceding,
+but much darker, both above and below. Its
+nesting habits and eggs will not differ in any
+manner from those of the Pigeon Hawk.</p>
+
+<p>357b. <span class="sc">Richardson's Pigeon Hawk.</span> <i>Falco columbarius richardsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of North America from the
+Mississippi to the Rockies and from Mexico to
+the Saskatchewan.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the Pigeon Hawk,
+but is paler both above and below, and the tail
+bars are more numerous and white. Their
+nesting habits are the same as those of the
+preceding species, they either building in hollow
+trees, or making a rude nest of sticks and
+twigs in the tops of trees. The eggs have a
+creamy ground and are sprinkled with dots
+and blotches of various shades of brown. Size
+1.60 &times; 1.23. The egg figured is one of a beautiful
+set of four in the collection of Mr. C. W.
+Crandall.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_221" id="Page_221"></a> 221
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/223a.png">
+<p>Aplomado Falcon.<br>
+Desert Sparrow Hawk.</p></div>
+<p>358.1 <span class="sc">Merlin.</span> <i>Falco &aelig;salon.</i></p>
+
+<p>This common European species was once accidentally
+taken in southern Greenland. Their eggs
+are generally laid on the ground on cliffs or banks.</p>
+
+<p>359. <span class="sc">Aplomado Falcon.</span> <i>Falco fusco-c&aelig;rulescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Tropical America north to Mexican
+boundary of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This handsome and strikingly marked Falcon is
+found in limited numbers within the United States,
+but south is common and widely distributed. They
+nest at a low elevation, in bushes or small trees,
+making their rude nests of twigs, lined with a
+few grasses. They lay three, and sometimes four,
+eggs which have a creamy white ground color,
+finely dotted with cinnamon, and with heavy
+blotches of brown. Size 1.75 &times; 1.30.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/223b.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>359.1. <span class="sc">Kestrel.</span> <i>Falco tinnunculus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of Europe; accidental on the
+coast of Massachusetts.</p>
+
+<p>This species is very similar in size and coloration
+to the American Sparrow Hawk. They are
+much more abundant than the Sparrow Hawk is
+in this country and frequently nest about houses,
+in hollow trees, on rafters of barns, or on ledges
+and embankments. Their eggs are of a reddish
+buff color, speckled and blotched with reddish
+brown, they being much darker than those of the
+American Sparrow Hawk.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/223c.png">
+<p>Reddish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>360a. <span class="sc">Desert Sparrow Hawk.</span> <i>Falco sparverius phal&aelig;na.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States from British Columbia south to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is slightly larger and paler than the eastern form. There are no
+differences in the identification of the two varieties.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/223mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_222" id="Page_222"></a> 222
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/224ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/224a.png">
+<p>Sparrow Hawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>360. <span class="sc">Sparrow Hawk.</span> <i>Falco sparverius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Rocky
+Mountains and north to Hudson Bay; winters
+from the middle portions of the United States,
+southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/224b.png">
+<p>Buffy.</p></div>
+
+<p>This beautiful little
+Falcon is the
+smallest of the American
+Hawks, being
+only 10 inches in
+length. They are
+very abundant in the
+east, nesting anywhere
+in cavities in
+trees, either in
+woods or open fields.
+The eggs are generally
+deposited upon
+the bottom of the
+cavity with no lining; they are creamy or yellowish
+buff in color, sprinkled, spotted or
+blotched in endless variety, with reddish brown.
+Size 1.35 &times; 1.10. These birds are very noisy,
+especially when the young are learning to fly, uttering a loud, tinkling, "killy,
+killy, killy." They have a very amiable disposition, and frequently nest harmoniously
+in the same tree with other birds, such as Flickers and Robins.</p>
+
+<p>360b. <span class="sc">St. Lucas Sparrow Hawk.</span> <i>Falco sparverius peninsularis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is smaller than the eastern, and even paler than the western
+form. Eggs identical with eastern specimens.</p>
+
+<p>361. <span class="sc">Cuban Sparrow Hawk.</span> <i>Falco sparveroides.</i></p>
+
+<p>A darker colored West Indian form, whose habits and nesting do not vary
+from those of the common Sparrow Hawk; casually taken in Florida.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/224c.png"><br>
+Egg of Golden Eagle.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_223" id="Page_223"></a> 223
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/225.png"><br>
+SPARROW HAWK.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_224" id="Page_224"></a> 224
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/226ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/226a.png">
+<p>Audubon's Caracara.</p></div>
+<p>362. <span class="sc">Audubon Caracara.</span> <i>Polyborus cheriway.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern border of the United States
+south to South America.</p>
+
+<p>A strikingly marked blackish and whitish
+species, much barred on the fore back and the
+breast, with the head and throat largely white,
+except for a black and somewhat crested
+crown. They are numerous in southern Texas
+and also in the interior of southern Florida,
+where they are resident. They build bulky,
+but shabby nests of sticks, weeds and grass,
+piled into a promiscuous heap, generally located
+in bushes or low trees. Their two or three
+eggs have a ground color varying from buff to
+bright cinnamon, and are dotted and blotched
+with all shades of brown and umber. On the
+whole, these eggs show a greater diversity of
+markings and ground color than those of any
+other species. Size 2.50 &times; 1.80.</p><br><br>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/226b.png"><br>
+Cinnamon.</p>
+
+<p>363. <span class="sc">Guadalupe Caracara.</span> <i>Polyborus lutosus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Guadalupe Island and others off Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This species is somewhat like the preceding, but the plumage is duller, and
+the coloration more uniform. Their nesting habits and eggs do not vary essentially
+from those of Audubon Caracara. Mr. John Lewis Childs has a set of two
+eggs taken June 8, 1896, on Santa Anita Island, by Coolidge and Miller. The
+nest was made of sticks and situated in a giant cactus. The eggs are slightly
+brighter and more clearly marked than any of cheriway that I have ever seen.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/226deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_225" id="Page_225"></a> 225
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>OSPREY. Family Pandionidae</p>
+
+<p>364. <span class="sc">Osprey.</span> <i>Pandion hali&aelig;tus carolinensis.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 320px"><img alt="" src="images/227a.png">
+<p>American Osprey.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of temperate
+America from the Arctic circle
+south to the equator, most abundant
+along the sea coasts.</p>
+
+<p>Real old birds have the head
+whiter, and less white edging
+to the back feathers, than do
+the young. Feet very strong,
+and very hard and rough, perfectly
+adapted to grasping slippery
+fish; outer toe can be used
+equally as well, either in front
+or behind, when perching or
+grasping their prey.</p>
+
+<p>Probably this great fisherman
+is as well known from one end
+of the country to the other as
+any of our wild birds. He is
+protected by law in a great many
+states and by custom in nearly
+all localities where they breed.
+It is one of the pleasantest
+sights along the coast to watch
+a number of these great birds
+as they soar at an elevation
+above the water, watching for
+fish to come near the surface, when, with folded wings, the bird speeds downward
+and plunges into the water, rarely missing his prey. In many localities
+they are very tame and nest in the vicinity of houses, sometimes even in the
+yard. Their nests are platforms of sticks, which, being used year after year
+and constantly added to, become of enormous proportions. They lay two or
+three eggs of a bright creamy color, handsomely blotched with bright chestnut
+brown. They show a great diversity of size as well as markings, but average
+2.40 &times; 1.80.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/227b.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/227mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_226" id="Page_226"></a> 226
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/228.png"><br>
+OSPREY LEAVING NEST.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_227" id="Page_227"></a> 227
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>BARN OWLS. Family Alucondidae</h2>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/229a.png">
+<p>Barn Owl.</p></div>
+
+<p>365. <span class="sc">Barn Owl.</span> <i>Aluco pratincola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Chiefly in the southern parts of the
+United States; north casually to Massachusetts,
+Minnesota and Washington.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/229b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is one of the lightest colored of the
+Owls; it has a long, peculiarly hooded face,
+from which it gets the name of "Monkey-faced
+Owl." Its plumage is yellowish buff, specked and barred lightly with blackish.</p>
+
+<p>It nests usually in hollow cavities of trees, but appears to have no objections
+to barns, holes in banks, or anywhere it can find a concealed crevice in which
+to deposit its four to six pure white eggs; size 1.70 &times; 1.30.</p>
+
+<h2>HORNED OWL. Family Strigidae</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/229c.png">
+<p>Long-eared Owl.</p></div>
+
+<p>366. <span class="sc">Long-eared Owl.</span> <i>Asio wilsonianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from the southern parts of British America,
+southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/229d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is 15 inches in length; it can easily be separated from any other
+species by its long ear tufts, brownish face,
+and barred underparts. Their food consists
+almost entirely of small rodents, which they
+catch at night. Most of their nests are found
+in trees, they generally using old Crow's or
+Hawk's nests. They also, in some localities,
+nest in hollow trees, or in crevices among
+rocks. They lay from four to seven pure white
+eggs; size 1.55 &times; 1.35.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/229mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_228" id="Page_228"></a> 228
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/230.png"><br>
+LONG-EARED OWL ON NEST.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_229" id="Page_229"></a> 229
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/231a.png">
+<p>Short-eared Owl.</p></div>
+<p>367. <span class="sc">Short-eared Owl.</span> <i>Asio flammeus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding
+from the middle portions of the United States
+northward, and wintering in the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/231b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is of the size of the last, but is
+paler, has very short ear tufts, and is streaked
+beneath. Its habits are the same except that it
+frequently hunts, over the marshes and meadows,
+on dark days and towards dusk.</p>
+
+<p>Their four to seven pure white eggs are laid upon the ground in marshy
+places, sometimes upon a lining of sticks and weeds, and are generally under a
+bush, or close to an old log. Size of eggs 1.55 &times; 1.25.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/231c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>368. <span class="sc">Barred Owl.</span> <i>Strix varia varia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, from
+the British Provinces, southward; west to
+the Rockies.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/231d.png">
+<p>Barred Owl.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is the most common of
+the large owls, and can be distinguished
+by its mottled and barred gray and white
+plumage, and lack of ear tufts; length 20
+inches. It is the bird commonly meant
+by the term "hoot owl", and being strictly
+nocturnal, is rarely seen flying in the day time,
+unless disturbed from its roosting place in the
+deep woods. Its food consists chiefly of rats,
+mice and frogs, and sometimes, but not often,
+poultry. It nests in the heart of large woods,
+generally in hollows of large trees, and less
+often in deserted Crow's nests. They lay from
+two to four pure white eggs, averaging considerably
+smaller than those of the Great Horned
+Owl; size 1.95 &times; 1.65.</p>
+
+<p>368a. <span class="sc">Florida Barred Owl.</span> <i>Strix varia alleni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Florida and the Gulf States; north
+to South Carolina.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/231mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_230" id="Page_230"></a> 230
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/232.png"><br>
+BARRED OWL.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_231" id="Page_231"></a> 231
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/233a.png">
+<p>Great Gray Owl.</p></div>
+<p>368b. <span class="sc">Texas Barred Owl.</span> <i>Strix varia albogilva.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>A very similar but slightly paler variety than
+the Barred Owl, and with the toes bare, as in
+<i>alleni.</i> Eggs indistinguishable.</p>
+
+<p>369. <span class="sc">Spotted Owl.</span> <i>Strix occidentalis occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, from southern
+Oregon and Colorado, southward.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the Barred Owl, but spotted, instead
+of barred, on the back of head and neck,
+and much more extensively barred on the under
+parts. The nesting habits do not appear to
+differ in any respect from those of the eastern
+Barred Owl, and their eggs, which are from two
+to four in number, can not be distinguished
+from those of the latter species; size 2.05 &times; 1.80.</p>
+
+<p>369a. <span class="sc">Northern Spotted Owl.</span> <i>Strix occidentalis caurina.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern United States and British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the preceding, but darker, both above and below; nesting the same,
+in hollow trees or in old Hawk's or Crow's nests. Eggs not distinguishable.</p>
+
+<p>370. <span class="sc">Great Gray Owl.</span> <i>Scotiaptex nebulosa.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/233b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern North America;
+wintering regularly south to the northern
+border of the United States and
+casually farther.</p>
+
+<p>This is the largest of American Owls,
+being about 26 inches in length; it
+does not weigh nearly as much, however,
+as the Great Horned or Snowy
+Owls, its plumage being very light
+and fluffy, and dark gray in color,
+mottled with white. The facial disc is
+very large, and the eyes are small and
+yellow, while those of the Barred Owl
+are large and blue black. They nest in
+heavily wooded districts, building
+their nests of sticks, chiefly in pine
+trees. The two to four white eggs are laid during May and June; size 2.15 &times; 1.70.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/233deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/233mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_232" id="Page_232"></a> 232
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/234ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/234a.png">
+<p>Richardson's Owl.<br>
+Saw-whet Owl.</p></div>
+<p>370a. <span class="sc">Lapp Owl.</span> <i>Scotiaptex nebulosa lapponica.</i></p>
+
+<p>A paler form of the Great Gray Owl, inhabiting
+the Arctic regions of the Old World; accidental
+on the coast of Alaska. Their nesting
+habits and eggs do not differ from those of the
+American bird.</p>
+
+<p>371. <span class="sc">Richardson's Owl.</span> <i>Cryptoglaux funerea richardsoni.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/234b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern North America, breeding north of the United States; winters
+south to our border and casually farther.</p>
+
+<p>This is a dark grayish and white bird, 10 inches in length, and without ear
+tufts. Breeds commonly in the extensively wooded districts of British America,
+chiefly in the northern parts. Their three or four white eggs are usually at
+the bottom of a cavity in a tree, but occasionally the birds build a rude nest of
+sticks and twigs, lined with leaves and placed in trees at a moderate height
+from the ground. Size of eggs, 1.25 &times; 1.05.</p>
+
+<p>372. <span class="sc">Saw-whet Owl; Acadian Owl.</span> <i>Cryptoglaux acadica acadica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding in the northern parts of the United States
+and in British America, and south in the Rockies to Mexico; winters south to
+the middle portions of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This small species (length 8 inches) is marked very similarly to the preceding,
+but the plumage is brown instead of gray. They normally nest in hollow trees,
+generally in deserted Woodpecker holes, in extensively wooded sections, and
+usually in mountainous country, especially in the United States. They have
+also been known to nest in bird boxes near farm houses and in old Crow's nests.
+During April or May, they lay from three to six white eggs. Size 1.20 &times; 1.00.
+They are quiet and chiefly nocturnal birds, not often seen, and may be found
+nesting in any of the northern states.</p>
+
+<p>372a. <span class="sc">Northwestern Saw-whet Owl.</span> <i>Cryptoglaux acadica scoti&aelig;a.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A dark variety found on the coast of British Columbia.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/234deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_233" id="Page_233"></a> 233
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/235.png">
+<p>Screech Owl.</p></div>
+<p>373. <span class="sc">Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus asio asio.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the plains
+and from the southern British Provinces to
+Florida.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/235b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>This well known
+species, which is often
+called "Little
+Horned Owl" because
+of its ear tufts
+is found either in the
+type form of some of
+its varieties in all
+parts of the United
+States. They have
+two color phases, the
+plumage being either
+a yellowish brown or
+gray, and black and white; these color phases
+are not dependent upon sex or locality, as often
+young or both phases are found in the same
+nest; the gray phase is the most abundant.
+They nest anywhere in hollow trees, being
+found very frequently in decayed stubs of apple trees. They also often nest in
+barns or other old buildings which are not frequented too freely. Their food
+consists chiefly of mice and meadow moles, with occasionally small birds.
+During April or May they lay their white eggs, the full complement of which
+is from five to eight. Size 1.35 &times; 1.20. The nesting habits of all the sub-species,
+as far as we can learn, are exactly like those of the eastern Screech Owl; the
+eggs cannot be distinguished, and in most cases, even the birds cannot be distinguished.</p>
+
+<p>373a. <span class="sc">Florida Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus asio floridanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf coasts.</p>
+
+<p>Slightly smaller and darker than asio. The eggs average slightly smaller.
+Size 1.30 &times; 1.15.</p>
+
+<p>373b. <span class="sc">Texas Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus asio mccalli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Texas, and southward into Mexico. Very similar to floridanus.</p>
+
+<p>373c. <span class="sc">California Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus asio bendirei.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of California and Oregon. Size of, but darker than asio.</p>
+
+<p>373d. <span class="sc">Kennicott's Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus asio kennicotti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from Oregon to Alaska. This is the darkest of the
+Screech Owls and averages a trifle larger than the eastern form.</p>
+
+<p>373e. <span class="sc">Rocky Mountain Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus asio maxwelli&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Foothills of the Rockies, from Colorado to Montana. This is the
+palest form of the Screech Owl. Of the same size as the last.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/235mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_234" id="Page_234"></a> 234
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/236ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/236a.png">
+<p>374--375a.</p></div>
+<p>373f. <span class="sc">Mexican Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus asio cineraceus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico and southwestern border of
+the United States. A gray form with little or no buff, and
+more numerously barred below.</p>
+
+<p>373g. <span class="sc">Aiken's Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus asio aikeni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--El Paso County, Colorado. A gray form, with
+the dark markings coarser and more numerous than in any
+other.</p>
+
+<p>373h. <span class="sc">MacFarlane's Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus asio macfarlanei.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern border of the United States from
+Washington to Montana.</p>
+
+<p>373.1. <span class="sc">Spotted Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus trichopsis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of southern Arizona, south into
+Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>A grayish species, similar to asio, but paler and more
+finely barred beneath, and with whitish spots on the
+feathers of the foreback. The nesting habits and eggs are
+probably the same as those of the Screech Owl.</p>
+
+<p>373.2. <span class="sc">Xantus's Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus xantusi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>A grayish species with the back and underparts finely vermiculated with reddish
+brown, and with streaks of darker. It is not likely that the habits or eggs
+of this species will be found to differ from those of the Screech Owl.</p>
+
+<p>374. <span class="sc">Flammulated Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus flammeolus flammeolus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountain ranges of Mexico, north to Colorado and west to California.</p>
+
+<p>This species is smaller than asio, has shorter ear tufts, the plumage is much
+streaked and edged with rusty, and the toes are unfeathered to their base. They
+nest in hollow trees, generally using deserted Woodpecker holes. Their three
+or four eggs are white. Size 1.15 &times; .95. This species is uncommon in all parts
+of its range.</p>
+
+<p>374a. <span class="sc">Dwarf Screech Owl.</span> <i>Otus flammeolus idah&oelig;nsis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Local in Idaho, eastern Washington and California.</p>
+
+<p>This rare variety is smaller than the preceding and is considerably paler. Its
+eggs have not been described, but should be a trifle smaller than the last.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/236deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_235" id="Page_235"></a> 235
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/237a.png">
+<p>Great Horned Owl.</p></div>
+<p>375. <span class="sc">Great Horned Owl.</span> <i>Bubo virginianus virginianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains
+and north to Labrador.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/237b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species and its varieties are the only large Owls having conspicuous ear
+tufts. They are about 22 inches in length, and have a mottled brown, black and
+white plumage, barred below. This is also one of the "Hoot Owls," but is not
+nearly as abundant as the Barred Owl. It is one of the strongest of the family,
+and captures rabbits, grouse and poultry, and is very often found to have been
+feeding upon, or to have been in the immediate vicinity of a skunk. They nest
+very early, January, February and March. Deserted Hawk's or Crow's nests
+are very frequently used by this bird, if they are located in dense woods. They
+also sometimes nest in hollow cavities in large trees. They lay from two to
+four pure white eggs. Size 2.25 &times; 1.85.</p>
+
+<p>375a. <span class="sc">Western Horned Owl.</span> <i>Bubo virginianus pallescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, except the Pacific coast.</p>
+
+<p>A smaller and lighter colored form of the preceding, having the same habits
+and the eggs being indistinguishable from those of the eastern bird.</p>
+
+<p>375b. <span class="sc">Arctic Horned Owl.</span> <i>Bubo virginianus subarcticus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of Arctic America from Hudson Bay to Alaska; south in
+winter to the northwestern tier of states.</p>
+
+<p>A very pale colored Horned Owl with little or no buff or brownish in the
+plumage, some specimens (very rare) being pure white with only a few black
+bars on the back. Their nesting habits are the same and the eggs do not vary
+appreciably from those of the eastern Horned Owl.</p>
+
+<p>375c. <span class="sc">Dusky Horned Owl.</span> <i>Bubo virginianus saturatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from California to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This is the darkest of the Horned Owls, the extreme case being nearly black
+on the back and very dark below. Nesting the same as the Great Horned Owl.</p>
+
+<p>375d. <span class="sc">Pacific Horned Owl.</span> <i>Bubo virginianus pacificus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--California, southward and east to Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>Smaller and darker than the eastern form but not as dark as the last. Eggs
+the same as those of the others.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/237mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_236" id="Page_236"></a> 236
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/238.png"><br>
+YOUNG SCREECH OWLS.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_237" id="Page_237"></a> 237
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/239a.png">
+<p>Snowy Owl.</p></div>
+<p>375e. <span class="sc">Dwarf Horned Owl.</span> <i>Bubo virginianus elachistus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This is a similar but darker form of the
+Horned Owl and is very much smaller than
+virginianus. The nesting habits will be the
+same, but the eggs may average smaller.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/239b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>376. <span class="sc">Snowy Owl.</span> <i>Nyctea nyctea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions, breeding within the Arctic Circle and wintering to
+the northern border of the United States and casually farther.</p>
+
+<p>This very beautiful species varies in plumage from pure white, unmarked, to
+specimens heavily and broadly barred with blackish brown. It is, next to the
+Great Gray Owl, the largest species found in America, being 2 feet in length.
+Like the Great Horned Owls, they are very strong, fearless, and rapacious birds,
+feeding upon hares, squirrels and smaller mammals, as well as Grouse, Ptarmigan,
+etc. They nest upon the ground, on banks or mossy hummocks on the
+dry portions of marshes, laying from two to eight eggs, white in color and with
+a smoother shell than those of the Great Horned Owl. Size 2.25 &times; 1.75. Data.--Point
+Barrow, Alaska, June 16, 1898. Three eggs laid in a hollow in the moss.</p>
+
+<p>377. <span class="sc">European Hawk Owl.</span> <i>Surnia ulula ulula.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern portion of the Old World; accidental in Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the American species, but lighter and more brownish.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/239deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/239mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_238" id="Page_238"></a> 238
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/240ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/240a.png">
+<p> American Hawk Owl.</p></div>
+
+<p>377a. <span class="sc">Hawk Owl.</span> <i>Surnia ulula caparoch.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/240b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Northern North America, breeding
+from the central portions of British America
+northward; probably also breeds in the Rocky
+Mountains in the northern tier of states and
+casually farther.</p>
+
+<p>This handsome mottled and barred, gray and
+black Owl might readily be mistaken for a
+Hawk, because of his Hawk-like appearance
+and long rounded tail. They are very active birds, especially in the day time,
+for they are more diurnal than nocturnal; their food is mostly of small rodents,
+and also small birds. They nest either in the tops of large fir trees, in hollows
+of stumps, or, in some cases, upon the ground. When in trees their nests are
+made of twigs, leaves and weeds, and sometimes lined with moss and feathers;
+they lay from three to eight white eggs, size 1.50 &times; 1.20. Data.--Labrador, May
+3, 1899. Five eggs. Nest in the top of a dead tree, 15 feet from the ground.</p>
+
+<p>378. <span class="sc">Burrowing Owl.</span> <i>Speotyto cunicularia hypog&aelig;a.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/240c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America from the Mississippi
+Valley west to California; north to the southern parts
+of British America and south to Central America.</p>
+
+<p>These peculiar birds are wholly different in plumage,
+form and habits from any other American Owls. They
+can readily be recognized by their long, slender and
+scantily feathered legs. Their plumage is brownish,
+spotted with white above, and white, barred with brown
+below; length 10 inches. They nest, generally in large
+communities in burrows in the ground, usually deserted
+Prairie Dog holes. While generally but a single pair
+occupy one burrow, as many as twenty have been found nesting together.
+Sometimes the burrows are unlined, and again may have a carpet of grasses
+and feathers. Their white eggs generally number from six to ten; size 1.25 &times;
+1.00. Data.--Sterling, Kans., May 7, 1899. Nest of bits of dry dung at the end of
+a deserted Prairie Dog burrow.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/240deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_239" id="Page_239"></a> 239
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>378a. <span class="sc">Florida Burrowing Owl.</span> <i>Speotyto cunicularia floridana.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 340px"><img alt="" src="images/241a.png">
+<p>Burrowing Owl.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Local in the interior
+of Florida.</p>
+
+<p>Like the last, but slightly
+smaller and paler, and with the
+tarsus less feathered. Their
+habits or eggs do not differ from
+the preceding.</p>
+
+<p>379. <span class="sc">Pygmy Owl.</span> <i>Glaucidium gnoma gnoma.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region
+and westward; from British
+Columbia southward. These
+interesting little Owls, which are
+but seven inches in length, feed
+in the day time upon insects,
+mice and, occasionally, small
+birds. They frequent extensively
+wooded districts, chiefly in
+the mountain ranges. They nest
+in tall trees, generally in deserted
+Woodpeckers' holes, laying
+three or four white eggs during
+May; size about 1.00 &times; .90.</p>
+
+<p>379a. <span class="sc">California Pygmy Owl.</span> <i>Glaucidium gnoma californicum.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from British Columbia, south through California. This
+sub-species is darker and more brownish than the last. It is not an uncommon
+bird in California. They nest in the tallest trees along the ranges, often being
+found 75 or more feet from the ground. The eggs do not differ from those of
+the Pygmy Owl, ranging in size from 1.00 &times; .85 to 1.20 &times; .95.</p>
+
+<p>379.1. <span class="sc">Hoskin's Pygmy Owl.</span> <i>Glaucidium hoskinsi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This species is smaller and more gray than the preceding. It is not probable
+that its manners of nesting or eggs differ in any respect from those of the others
+of this genus.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/241deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/241mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_240" id="Page_240"></a> 240
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/242ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/242a.png">
+<p>380--381.</p></div>
+
+<p>380. <span class="sc">Ferruginous Pygmy Owl.</span> <i>Glaucidium phal&oelig;noides.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and Central America; north to the Mexican
+border of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This species is of the same size as the last, but is much
+tinged with rufous on the upper parts, and the tail is of a
+bright chestnut brown color, crossed by about eight bars
+of black. They nest in hollow cavities in trees, from ten
+to forty feet from the ground, laying three or four glossy
+white eggs; size 1.10 &times; .90.</p>
+
+<p>381. <span class="sc">Elf Owl.</span> <i>Micropallas whitneyi.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/242b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north to the bordering states.</p>
+
+<p>This odd little bird is the smallest
+member of the family found in America,
+attaining a length of only six inches.
+In plumage it may be described
+as similar to a very small, earless
+Screech Owl, only with the pattern of
+the markings a great deal finer. They
+are said to be quite abundant in the
+table lands of central Mexico and in
+southern Arizona, where they build
+their nests in deserted Woodpeckers' holes, perhaps most frequently in the
+giant cactus. It is said to be more nocturnal than the Pygmy Owls and to feed
+almost exclusively upon insects. They lay from three to five eggs having a
+slight gloss. Size 1.02 &times; .90. Data.--Southern Arizona, May 22, 1902. Nest in a
+deserted Woodpecker hole. Two eggs.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/242deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_241" id="Page_241"></a> 241
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>PAROQUETS AND PARROTS. Order XIII. PSITTACI.</h2>
+
+<h3>Family PSITTACIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>382. <span class="sc">Carolina Paroquet.</span> <i>Conuropsis carolinensis.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/243a.png">
+<p>Carolina Paroquet.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Now rare in Florida and along the
+Gulf coast to Indian Territory. As late as 1885,
+the Carolina Paroquets were abundant in the
+South Atlantic and Gulf States, but owing to
+their wanton destruction by man, they have
+been exterminated in the greater portion of
+their range, and now are rarely seen in any
+locality, and then only in the most unhabitable
+swamps and thickets.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/243b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A reliable account of
+their nesting habits is lacking, as are also specimens
+of their eggs
+taken from wild birds.
+They are said to build
+rude nests of sticks
+upon horizontal branches
+of cypress trees,
+and to nest in colonies;
+it is also claimed
+that they nest in
+hollow trees, laying
+from three to five pure
+white eggs. The one
+figured is one of three
+laid in confinement at Washington, D. C., by a
+pair of birds owned by Mr. Robert Ridgeway. It is 1.31 &times; 1.06 and was laid
+July 12, 1892. This set is in the collection of Mr. John Lewis Childs.</p>
+
+<p>382.1. <span class="sc">Thick-billed Parrot.</span> <i>Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north casually to the Mexican border of the United States.
+This large Parrot (16 inches long) has a heavy black bill, and the plumage is
+entirely green except for the deep red forehead, strips over the eye, shoulder,
+and thighs, and the yellowish under wing coverts. Their eggs are white and
+are laid in natural cavities in large trees in forests.</p>
+
+<h2>CUCKOOS, TROGANS, KINGFISHERS, ETC. Order XIV.<br>
+CUCKOOS, ANIS, ETC. Family CUCULIDAE</h2>
+
+<p>383. <span class="sc">Ani.</span> <i>Crotophaga ani.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northeastern South America and the West Indies; casual in Florida,
+and along the Gulf coast; accidental in Pennsylvania.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the next, but the bill is smoother and without
+grooves. Its nesting habits are the same as those of the more common American
+species.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/243mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_242" id="Page_242"></a> 242
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/244.png"><br>
+ROADRUNNER.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_243" id="Page_243"></a> 243
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/245a.png">
+<p>Groove-billed Ani.<br>
+Road Runner.</p></div>
+<p>384. <span class="sc">Groove-billed Ani.</span> <i>Crotophaga sulcirostris.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/245b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and the border of the United
+States; common in southern Texas. This odd
+species has a Cuckoo-like form, but is wholly
+blue black in color, and has a high thin bill
+with three conspicuous longitudinal grooves on
+each side. They build
+large bulky nests of
+twigs, lined with
+leaves and grasses,
+and located in low
+trees and bushes. They
+build in small colonies
+but do not, as is
+claimed of the common
+Ani, build a large
+nest for several to occupy.
+They lay from
+three to five eggs of a greenish blue color, covered
+with a chalky white deposit. Size 1.25
+&times; 1.00. They are laid in May or June.</p>
+
+<p>385. <span class="sc">Road-runner.</span> <i>Geococcyx californianus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/245c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States from Oregon, Colorado and Kansas, southward;
+most abundant on the Mexican border, and wintering in central Mexico.
+This curious species is known as the "Chaparral
+Cock", "Ground Cuckoo," "Snake-killer," etc. Its
+upper parts are a glossy greenish brown, each
+feather being edged or fringed with whitish; the
+tail is very long, broad and graduated, the feathers
+being broadly tipped with white. They are noted
+for their swiftness on foot, paddling over the
+ground at an astonishing rate, aided by their outstretched
+wings and spread tail, which act as
+aeroplanes; their legs are long and have two toes
+front and two back. Their food consists of lizards
+and small snakes, they being particularly savage
+in their attacks upon the latter. They build rude
+nests of sticks and twigs, in low trees or bushes,
+and during April or May, lay from four to ten eggs, depositing them at intervals
+of several days. They are pure white and measure 1.55 &times; 1.20.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/245deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/245mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_244" id="Page_244"></a> 244
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/246ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/246a.png">
+<p>Mangrove Cuckoo.<br>
+Yellow-billed Cuckoo.</p></div>
+
+<p>386. <span class="sc">Mangrove Cuckoo.</span> <i>Coccyzus minor minor.</i></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/246b.png">
+<p>Light greenish blue.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--West Indies, Mexico and South
+America, north regularly to southern Florida.</p>
+
+<p>This species is very
+similar to our common
+Yellow-billed Cuckoo,
+but the whole underparts
+are deep buff. It
+is a common species and
+nests abundantly in the
+West Indies, but occurs
+only in limited numbers
+in southern Florida.
+Their nests are shallow
+platforms of twigs and rootlets, placed in
+bushes and low trees, and upon which they lay
+three or four pale greenish blue eggs, similar
+to those of the Yellow-billed species but averaging
+smaller; size 1.15 &times; .85.</p>
+
+<p>386a. <span class="sc">Maynard's Cuckoo.</span> <i>Coccyzus minor maynardi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Bahamas; accidental on Florida Keys. This is a slightly smaller
+and paler form than the preceding.</p>
+
+<p>387. <span class="sc">Yellow-billed Cuckoo.</span> <i>Coccyzus americanus americanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east of the Plains and from southern Canada southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/246c.png">
+<p>Pale greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is generally abundant in all localities in its range, which afford
+suitable nesting places of tangled underbrush or vines. It may be distinguished
+from the Black-billed variety by its larger size (12 inches long), blackish tail
+with broad white tips, and yellowish lower mandible. They are often regarded
+by the superstitious as forecasters of rain, and as
+omens, probably because of their gutteral croaking
+notes.</p>
+
+<p>Their nests are made of twigs, lined with shreds
+of grape vine bark or catkins; the nests are generally
+very shabbily made and so flat on the top that
+the eggs frequently roll off. They are located near
+the ground in bushes or low trees. The three or four
+eggs are deposited at intervals of several days, and
+frequently young birds and eggs are found in
+the nest at the same time. Like the Flicker, this
+bird will frequently continue laying if one egg is
+removed at a time, and as many as twelve have been taken from the same nest,
+by this means. The eggs are light greenish blue. Size 1.20 &times; .90. They are
+usually laid during May or June.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/246deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_245" id="Page_245"></a> 245
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/247.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF YELLOW-BILLED CUCKOO.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_246" id="Page_246"></a> 246
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/248ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/248a.png">
+<p>Black-billed Cuckoo.</p></div>
+
+<p>387a. <span class="sc">California Cuckoo.</span> <i>Coccyzus americanus occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, from
+British Columbia, southward.</p>
+
+<p>Slightly larger and with a stouter bill than
+the last. Eggs not distinguishable.</p>
+
+<p>388. <span class="sc">Black-billed Cuckoo.</span> <i>Coccyzus erythrophthalmus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east of the Rocky
+Mountains; north to Labrador and Manitoba;
+south in winter to Central and South America.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/248b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is rather
+more common in the
+northern part of the
+United States than the
+Yellow-billed variety.
+The bird is smaller, has
+a blackish bill, and the
+tail is the same color as
+the back and only slightly
+tipped with white.
+Their nests are built in
+similar locations and of the same materials as used by the Yellow-bill; the three
+or four eggs are smaller and a darker shade of greenish blue. Size 1.15 &times; .85.
+All the Cuckoos are close sitters and will not leave the nest until nearly reached
+with the hand, when they will slowly flutter off through the underbrush, and
+continue to utter their mournful "Kuk-kuk-kuk," many times repeated.</p>
+
+<p>388.1. <span class="sc">Kamchatka Cuckoo.</span> <i>Cuculus canorus telephonus.</i></p>
+
+<p>An Asiatic subspecies of the common European Cuckoo, accidentally occurring
+in Alaska.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/248c.png">
+<p>387a--389.</p></div>
+
+<h2>TROGONS. Family TROGONID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>389. <span class="sc">Coppery-tailed Trogon.</span> <i>Trogon ambiguus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/248d.png">
+<p>Dull White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Mexico, north to the Lower Rio
+Grande in Texas and in southern Arizona, in both of which
+localities they probably breed.</p>
+
+<p>This is the only member of this
+family of beautiful birds which
+reaches our borders. This species
+is 12 inches in length, and is a
+metallic green color on the upper
+parts and breast, and with coppery
+reflections of the middle tail feathers,
+the outer ones being white,
+very finely vermiculated with black,
+as are the wing coverts. The underparts,
+except for a white band
+across the breast, are rosy red. This species nest in
+cavities in large trees, generally in large, deserted Woodpecker
+holes. They are also said to have been found nesting
+in holes in banks. Their eggs are three or four in
+number and are a dull white in color. Size 1.10 &times; .85.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_247" id="Page_247"></a> 247
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>KINGFISHERS. Family ALCEDINID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/249a.png">
+<p>Belted Kingfisher.</p></div>
+
+<p>390. <span class="sc">Belted Kingfisher.</span> <i>Ceryle alcyon.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding
+from southern United States, northward and
+wintering from the southern parts of its breeding
+range, southward.</p>
+
+<p>This well known bird is abundant in all localities
+near water, where its rattling notes are
+among the most familiar of sounds.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/249b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>Their food
+is almost entirely of small fish, which they
+catch by plunging upon from their perch on an
+old dead limb overhanging
+the water,
+or by hovering in
+the air like an Osprey.
+Their nests
+are located at the
+end of burrows in
+sand banks or the
+banks of creeks and
+rivers. These tunnels,
+which are dug
+by the birds, generally
+commence two or three feet from the top
+of the bank and extend back from six to eight
+feet, either in a straight line or curved; the end is enlarged to form a suitable
+nesting place, in which from five to eight eggs are laid. They are glossy and
+pure white in color. Size 1.35 &times; 1.05. Data.--Lake Quinsigamond, Massachusetts,
+June 6, 1900. 7 eggs at the end of a 6 foot tunnel in a sand bank. Bird
+removed by hand from the nest. Collector, C. E. Howe.</p>
+
+<p>390.1. <span class="sc">Ringed Kingfisher.</span> <i>Ceryle torquata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north casually to the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This handsome species is much larger than the Belted Kingfisher and the
+underparts are nearly all bright chestnut, except the white throat. They nest in
+river banks the same as the common American species, and the eggs are white,
+but larger. Size 1.45 &times; 1.10.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/249deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/249mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_248" id="Page_248"></a> 248
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/250.png"><br>
+YOUNG KINGFISHERS.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_249" id="Page_249"></a> 249
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>391. <span class="sc">Texas Kingfisher.</span> <i>Ceryle americana septentrionalis</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/251a.png">
+<p>Texas Kingfisher.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Texas, south through Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is much smaller than the Belted,
+length 8 inches, and is a lustrous greenish
+above, variously speckled with white, and is
+white below, spotted with greenish. It is a
+common and resident species in southern
+Texas, where it lays its eggs in holes in the
+banks along streams. The eggs are white and
+glossy, and measure .95 &times; .70.</p>
+
+<h2>WOODPECKERS. Order XV. PICI.</h2>
+
+<h3>Family PICIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>Woodpeckers are well known birds having
+sharp chisel-like bills, sharply pointed and
+stiffened tail feathers, and strongly clawed feet
+with two toes forward and two back, except in
+one genus. Their food is insects and grubs,
+which they get by boring in trees, and from under the bark, clinging to the
+sides of trunks or the under side of branches with their strong curved nails,
+aided by the tail, for a prop. They are largely resident where found.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/251b.png">
+<p>Ivory-billed Woodpecker.</p></div>
+
+<p>392. <span class="sc">Ivory-billed Woodpecker.</span> <i>Campephilus principalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Locally distributed, and rare, in
+Florida, along the Gulf coast and north casually
+to South Carolina and Arkansas.</p>
+
+<p>This is the largest of the Woodpeckers found
+within our borders, being 20 inches in length.
+But one other American species exceeds it in
+size, the Imperial Woodpecker of Mexico, which
+reaches a length of nearly two feet; as this
+species is found within a few miles of our
+Mexican border, it may yet be classed as a
+North American bird. The present species has
+a large, heavy, ivory-white bill. They can
+readily be identified, at a great distance, from
+the Pileated Woodpecker by the large amount
+of white on the secondaries. They used to be
+not uncommonly seen in many sections of the
+southeast but are now found very locally and
+only in the largest and remote woods. They
+nest in holes in large trees in the most impenetrable
+swamps; laying three, and probably as
+many as six pure white glossy eggs measuring 1.45 &times; 1.00.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/251mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_250" id="Page_250"></a> 250
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/252ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/252a.png">
+<p>Hairy Woodpecker.</p></div>
+
+<p>393. <span class="sc">Hairy Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates villosus villosus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east of the Plains and
+from North Carolina to Canada.</p>
+
+<p>The Hairy Woodpecker or its sub-species is
+found in all parts of North America. The nesting
+habits and eggs of all the sub-species are
+not in any way different from those of the
+eastern bird, consequently what is said in regard
+to the eastern form will apply equally to
+all its varieties.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/252b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Except during the winter
+months, this species
+is not as commonly seen
+about houses or orchards
+as the Downy Woodpecker.
+During the summer they
+retire to the larger woods
+to nest, laying their eggs
+in holes in the trunks or
+limbs of trees at any height from the ground,
+and generally using the same hole year after
+year, and often twice or three times during
+one season, if the first sets are taken. They
+lay from three to six glossy white eggs; size .95 &times; .70. This species can
+be distinguished
+from the Downy Woodpeckers by their larger size (9 inches long),
+and the white outer tail feathers, which are unspotted.</p>
+
+<p>393a. <span class="sc">Northern Hairy Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates villosus leucomelas.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, north of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>Slightly larger than the preceding.</p>
+
+<p>393b. <span class="sc">Southern Hairy Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates villosus auduboni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern United States; north to South Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the Hairy Woodpecker, but smaller.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/252c.png">
+<p>393c--394a.</p></div>
+<p>393c. <span class="sc">Harris's Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates villosus harrisi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from California to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the Hairy but with fewer or no white spots
+on the wing coverts, and grayish on the underparts.</p>
+
+<p>393d. <span class="sc">Cabanis Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates villosus hyloscopus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern California, east to Arizona and south
+into Mexico. Like the preceding but whiter below.</p>
+
+<p>393e. <span class="sc">Rocky Mountain Hairy Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates villosus monticola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountains from British Columbia south
+to New Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to <i>harrisi</i> but slightly larger and pure white below.</p>
+
+<p>393f. <span class="sc">Queen Charlotte Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates villosus picoideus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Like Harris Woodpecker, but with the flanks streaked
+and the middle of the back spotted with blackish.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_251" id="Page_251"></a> 251
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/253a.png">
+<p>Southern Downy.</p></div>
+<p>394. <span class="sc">Southern Downy Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates pubescens pubescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Gulf and South Atlantic States;
+north to South Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>This species, which is the smallest of the
+North American Woodpecker (length 6 inches),
+is similar in plumage to the Hairy Woodpecker,
+but has the ends of the white, outer tail feathers
+spotted with black.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/253b.png">
+<p>White, glossy.</p></div>
+
+<p>Like the last species,
+it is represented by sub-species
+in all parts of North
+America, the nesting habits
+of all the varieties being the
+same and the eggs not distinguishable
+from one another.
+They nest in holes in
+trees, very often in orchards
+or trees in the neighborhood of houses. They are
+not nearly as shy as the Hairy Woodpeckers, and
+also associate with other birds very freely. The
+three to six eggs are laid upon the bottom of
+the cavity, with no lining. The height of the
+nesting season is during May or June. The
+white glossy eggs are .75 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>394a. <span class="sc">Gairdner's Woodpecker.</span> Dryobates pubescens gairdneri.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from northern California to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is like the last, but is without spots on the wing coverts and
+is a dingy white below, differing the same as Harris Woodpecker from the Hairy.</p>
+
+<p>394b. <span class="sc">Batchelder's Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates pubescens homorus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>Like the last but whiter below.</p>
+
+<p>394c. <span class="sc">Downy Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates pubescens medianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains and north of South Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the southern variety but slightly larger and whiter.</p>
+
+<p>394d. <span class="sc">Nelson's Downy Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates pubescens nelsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the northern variety but still larger.</p>
+
+<p>394e. <span class="sc">Willow Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates pubescens turati.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--California except the northern parts and the ranges of the south.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to Gairdner Woodpecker, but smaller and whiter.</p>
+
+<p>395. <span class="sc">Red-cockaded Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates borealis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southeastern United States, from South Carolina and Arkansas,
+southward.</p>
+
+<p>This black and white species may be known from any other because of
+the uniform black crown and nape, the male having a small dot of red on
+either side of the crown, back of the eye. They are quite abundant in the
+Gulf States and Florida, where they nest during April and May, and in some
+localities in March. They build in hollow trees or stumps at an elevation
+from the ground, laying from three to six glossy white eggs; size .95 &times; .70.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/253mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_252" id="Page_252"></a> 252
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/254ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/254a.png">
+<p>Red-cockaded Woodpecker.<br>
+Texas Woodpecker.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>396. <span class="sc">Texas Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates scalaris bairdi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States from
+southern Colorado south to northern Mexico.
+This species is brownish white below, has the
+back barred with black and white, and the male
+has the whole crown red, shading into mixed
+black and whitish on the forehead. Its habits
+and nesting are just the same as those of the
+Downy, but the three or four white eggs, that
+they lay in April, are larger; size .80 &times; .65.</p>
+
+<p>396a. <span class="sc">San Lucas Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates scalaris lucasanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California, north to the Colorado
+Desert, California.</p>
+
+<p>Very similar to the last; less barring on the
+outer tail feathers. Eggs the same.</p>
+
+<p>397. <span class="sc">Nuttall's Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates nuttalli.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/254b.png">
+<p>398--399.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from Oregon south to Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the Texan Woodpecker but whiter below,
+with whitish nasal tufts, and the fore part of the crown
+black and white striped, the red being confined to the
+nape region. They nest in holes in trees, either in dead
+stumps or in growing trees, and at any height above
+ground. During April or May they deposit their white
+glossy eggs upon the bottom of the cavity. The eggs
+measure .85 &times; .65.</p>
+
+<p>398. <span class="sc">Arizona Woodpecker.</span> <i>Dryobates arizon&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexican border of the United States, chiefly in
+Arizona and New Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This species is entirely different from any others of
+our Woodpeckers, being uniform brownish above, and soiled
+whitish below, spotted with black. The male bird has a
+red crescent on the nape. They are said to be fairly abundant
+in some sections of southern Arizona. Their nesting
+habits do not vary from those of the other Woodpeckers
+found in the same regions, and they show no especial preference
+for any particular kind of a tree in which to lay
+their eggs. The nesting season appears to be at its
+height in April. The pure white eggs average in size
+about .85 &times; .60.</p><br><br><br><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/254deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_253" id="Page_253"></a> 253
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/255a.png">
+<p>Three-toed Woodpecker.<br>
+Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker.</p></div>
+<p>399. <span class="sc">White-headed Woodpecker.</span> <i>Xenopicus albolarvatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States from southern
+California to southern British Columbia.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/255b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>This odd species is wholly a dull black color,
+except for the white head and neck, and basal
+half of the primaries. They
+are quite abundant in some
+localities, particularly in
+California on mountain
+ranges. They nest at any
+height, but the greater
+number have been found
+under twenty feet from the
+ground and in old pine
+stubs. They lay from four
+to six glossy white eggs,
+measuring .95 &times; .70. They are said to be more
+silent than others of the Woodpecker family,
+and rarely make the familiar tapping and never
+drum. It is claimed that they get at their
+food by scaling bark off the trees, instead of
+by boring.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/255c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>400. <span class="sc">Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker.</span> <i>Picoides arcticus.</i></p>
+
+<p>As implied by their name, members of this genus have
+but three toes, two in front and one behind. The plumage
+of this species is entirely black above, and whitish below,
+with the flanks barred with blackish. The male has a
+yellow patch on the crown. They breed abundantly in
+coniferous forests in mountainous regions throughout their
+range, laying their eggs in cavities in decayed stumps and
+trees, apparently at any height, from five feet up. The
+eggs are laid in May or June. Size .95 &times; .70.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern parts of the United States, north to the Arctic regions.</p>
+
+<p>401. <span class="sc">Three-toed Woodpecker.</span> <i>Picoides americanus americanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--From northern United States northward.</p>
+
+<p>The chief difference between this species and the last is in the white on the
+back, either as a patch or in the form of broken bars. The nesting habits are
+just the same and the eggs cannot be distinguished from those of the preceding.
+Both forms are found breeding in the same localities in the Adirondacks and in
+nearly all other portions of their range.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/255deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/255mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_254" id="Page_254"></a> 254
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/256ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/256a.png">
+<p>Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.</p></div>
+
+<p>401a. <span class="sc">Alaska Three-toed Woodpecker.</span> <i>Picoides americanus fasciatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Alaska, south to British Columbia
+and Washington.</p>
+
+<p>Like the last, but with more white on the
+back. Eggs like the arcticus.</p>
+
+<p>401b. <span class="sc">Alpine Three-toed Woodpecker.</span> <i>Picoides americanus dorsalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountains from British Columbia
+south to New Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>Slightly larger than the preceding and with
+more white on the back, almost entirely losing
+the barred effect of the American Three-toed
+variety. They nest chiefly in dead pines, laying
+four or five white eggs that cannot be distinguished
+from those of many other species.
+Size .95 &times; .70.</p>
+
+<p>402. <span class="sc">Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.</span> <i>Sphyrapicus varius varius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains; breeding from Massachusetts
+northward, and wintering from the Carolinas and Illinois southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/256b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is one of the most handsomely marked of the family; they can
+easily be recognized by the red crown and throat (white on the female), each
+bordered by black, and the yellowish underparts. The members
+of this genus have been found to be the only ones that
+are really injurious, and these only to a slight extent, to cultivated
+trees. This species and the two following are the only
+real "sapsuckers," a crime that is often attributed to the most
+useful of the family. Their nesting season is during May and
+June, they then resorting to the interior of the woods, where
+they deposit their four to seven glossy eggs on the bottom
+of holes in trees, generally at quite an elevation from the
+ground. Size of eggs .85 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>402a. <span class="sc">Red-naped Sapsucker.</span> <i>Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region of the United States and southern Canada
+south to Mexico and west to California.</p>
+
+<p>This variety differs from the last, chiefly in addition of a band of scarlet
+on the nape in place of the white on the Yellow-bellied species. Coming as
+it does, midway between the ranges of the preceding species and the following,
+this variety, with its extension of red on the head and throat, may be regarded
+somewhat as a connecting link between the two species, but it is perfectly distinct
+and does not intergrade with either. There appears to be no difference in
+the nesting habits of the two varieties, except that the present one, according to
+Bendire, shows a preference to nesting in live aspens. The eggs measure
+.90 &times; .65.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_255" id="Page_255"></a> 255
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/257.png">
+<p>Pileated Woodpecker.</p></div>
+
+<p>403. <span class="sc">Red-breasted Sapsucker.</span> <i>Sphyrapicus ruber ruber.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific Coast from Lower California
+to Oregon.</p>
+
+<p>Except for a whitish line from the eye to
+the bill, the entire head, neck and breast of
+this species is red, of varying shades in different
+individuals, from carmine to nearly a scarlet;
+the remainder of their plumage is very
+similar to that of the Yellow-bellied Sapsucker.
+This is an abundant species and in most parts
+of the range they are not timid. Like many of
+the Woodpeckers, they spend a great deal of
+their time in drumming on some dead limb.
+They nest commonly in aspens, preferably living
+ones, and are said to build a new nesting
+hole each year rather than use the old. The
+eggs are laid during May or June, being glossy
+white, five to seven in number, and measuring
+.90 &times; .70.</p>
+
+<p>403a. <span class="sc">Northern Red-breasted Sapsucker.</span> <i>Sphyrapicus ruber notkensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from California to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>404. <span class="sc">Williamson's Sapsucker.</span> <i>Sphyrapicus thyroideus.</i></p>
+
+<p>This is a deeper and brighter variety, and is more yellowish on the belly. Its
+nesting habits and eggs are the same as those of the southern form.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountain ranges from the Rockies to the Pacific; north to British
+Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>This oddly marked species shows a surprising number of variations in plumage;
+the normal adult male is largely black on the upper parts and breast,
+with only a narrow patch of red on the throat, and with the belly, bright yellow.
+The female is entirely different in plumage and for a long time was supposed to
+be a distinct species; she is brownish in place of the black in the male, has no
+red in the plumage, and is barred with black and white on the back and wings.
+They nest at high altitudes in mountain ranges, either in coniferous forests or
+in aspens. There is no peculiarity in their nesting habits; they lay from four
+to seven eggs, glossy white. Size .97 &times; .67.</p>
+
+<p>405. <span class="sc">Pileated Woodpecker.</span> <i>Phl&oelig;otomus pileatus pileatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern and South Atlantic States.</p>
+
+<p>This heavily built Woodpecker is nearly as large as the Ivory-bill, being 17
+inches in length. They are not nearly as beautiful as the Ivory-bills, their
+plumage being a sooty black instead of glossy, and the white on the wing,
+being confined to a very small patch at the base of the primaries; the whole
+crown and crest are vermillion, as is also a moustache mark in the male. They
+breed in the most heavily timbered districts, and generally at a high elevation;
+excavating a cavity sometimes 25 inches in depth and eight inches in diameter.
+In most localities they are very shy and difficult to approach. During April or
+May they lay from three to six white eggs. Size 1.30 &times; 1.00.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/257mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_256" id="Page_256"></a> 256
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/258ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/258a.png">
+<p>Williamson Sapsucker<br>
+Northern Pileated Woodpecker.</p></div>
+
+<p>405a. <span class="sc">Northern Pileated Woodpecker.</span> <i>Phl&oelig;otomus pileatus abieticola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Local throughout North America,
+from the northern parts of the United States
+northward.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is only very slightly larger
+than the preceding, it otherwise being the
+same. It is still abundant in many localities,
+but its range is rapidly being reduced, on account
+of cutting away the forests. Its nesting
+habits and eggs are the same as those of the
+southern variety.</p>
+
+<p>406. <span class="sc">Red-headed Woodpecker.</span> <i>Melanerpes erythrocephalus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, east of the Rockies,
+except New England; north to northern Canada;
+winters in southern United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/258b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This beautiful species
+has a bright red head,
+neck and breast, glossy
+blue black back, wings
+and tail, and white underparts,
+rump and secondaries.
+It is the most abundant
+of the family in the
+greater portion of its
+range, where it nests in
+any kind of trees or in telegraph poles at any
+height from the ground; they also sometimes
+nest in holes under the eaves of buildings. They
+are the most pugnacious of the Woodpeckers,
+and are often seen chasing one another or driving
+away some other bird.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/258c.png">
+<p>Red-headed Woodpecker.</p></div>
+
+<p>They are also known
+to destroy the nests and eggs of many species,
+and also to kill and devour the young, they
+being the only Woodpecker, so far as known,
+to have acquired this disreputable habit; they
+also feed upon, besides ants and larv&aelig;, many
+kinds of fruit and berries. Their nesting season
+is during May and June, when they lay
+from four to eight white eggs, with less gloss
+than those of the Flicker. Size 1.00 &times; .75.</p>
+
+<p>407. <span class="sc">Ant-eating Woodpecker.</span> <i>Melanerpes formicivorus formicivorus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexican border of the United States,
+southward.</p>
+
+<p>This species may be identified by the black
+region around the base of the bill, the white
+forehead, red crown and nape, yellowish throat,
+and blackish upper parts, extending in a band
+across the breast, this variety having the band
+streaked with white posteriorly. The habits of
+this variety are the same as the next which is
+most abundant in the United States.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_257" id="Page_257"></a> 257
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>407a. <span class="sc">California Woodpecker.</span> <i>Melanerpes formicivorus bairdi.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/259a.png">
+<p>Red-bellied Woodpecker.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--California and Oregon.</p>
+
+<p>This bird differs from the last in having fewer
+white stripes in the black breast band. In
+suitable localities, this is the most abundant of
+Woodpeckers on the Pacific coast. They have
+none of the bad habits of the Red-heads, appear
+to be sociable among their kind, and are not
+afraid of mankind. It nests indifferently in all
+kinds of trees at any height from the ground,
+laying from three to seven eggs. Size 1.00 &times;
+.75. This species has the habit of storing food
+for future use developed to a greater extent
+than any other of the family. They sometimes
+completely honeycomb the exterior surface of
+decayed trees, with holes designed to hold
+acorns.</p>
+
+<p>407b. <span class="sc">Narrow-fronted Woodpecker.</span> <i>Melanerpes formicivorus angustifrons.</i>
+Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This variety differs from the others in being slightly smaller and in having
+the white band on the forehead narrower. Its nesting habits are the same, but
+the eggs average smaller. Size .95 &times; .75.</p>
+
+<p>408. <span class="sc">Lewis's Woodpecker.</span> <i>Asyndesmus lewisi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States from the Rockies to the Pacific coast; from
+British Columbia south to Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/259b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A very oddly colored species, 11 inches in length having
+a dark red face, streaked red and white under
+parts, a gray breast band, and glossy greenish black
+upperparts. They are not uncommon in the greater
+part of their range, can not be called shy birds, and
+nest in all kinds of trees at heights varying from six to
+one hundred feet from the ground, the five to nine white
+eggs measuring 1.05 &times; .80, and being laid during May
+or June.</p>
+
+<p>409. <span class="sc">Red-bellied Woodpecker.</span> <i>Centurus carolinus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east of the Plains, breeding from the Gulf States north
+in nearly all parts of their range, frequenting the more heavily timbered regions,
+where they nest in any place that attracts their fancy; in some localities they
+also commonly nest in telegraph poles. They are quite tame, and during the
+winter months come about yards and houses, the same as, and often in company
+with Downy Woodpeckers. Their eggs, which are laid during May, are glossy
+white, average in size 1.00 &times; .75 and number from four to six.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/259deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/259mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_258" id="Page_258"></a> 258
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/260ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/260a.png">
+<p>408--411.</p></div>
+
+<p>410. <span class="sc">Golden-fronted Woodpecker.</span> <i>Centurus aurifrons.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and southern Texas, resident.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/260b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is also one of the "zebra" or "ladder-backed"
+Woodpeckers, having the back and
+wings closely barred with black and white, the
+same as the preceding; the forehead, nasal
+tufts and nape are golden
+yellow, and the
+male has a patch of red
+on the crown. This is
+a very common resident
+species in the Lower
+Rio Grande Valley in
+Texas, where it nests in
+trees or telegraph poles,
+sometimes so numerously
+in the latter situations as to become a
+nuisance. Their nesting habits are not in any
+manner peculiar, and the eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of the preceding. Size
+1.00 &times; .75. Laid during April and May.</p>
+
+<p>411. <span class="sc">Gila Woodpecker.</span> <i>Centurus uropygialis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexican border of the United States,
+in southern Arizona and New Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>Like the preceding but without any yellow
+on the head, the male having a red patch in
+the center of the crown. They are locally distributed
+in New Mexico, but appear to be abundant
+in all parts of southern Arizona, where they
+nest principally in giant cacti, but also in many other trees such as cotton-woods,
+mesquite, sycamores, etc. Besides their decided preference for giant cacti,
+there is nothing unusual in their nesting habits, and the eggs are not different
+from those of others of the genus. They lay from three to six eggs in April or
+May. Size 1.00 &times; .75.</p>
+
+<p>412. <span class="sc">Flicker.</span> <i>Colaptes auratus auratus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southeastern United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/260c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Flickers are well known, large Woodpeckers (13
+inches long), with a brownish tone to the plumage, barred
+on the back and spotted on the breast with black.
+The present species has a golden yellow lining to the
+wings and tail, and the shafts of the feathers are yellow;
+it has a red crescent on the nape, and the male has black
+moustache marks. This species and its sub-variety are
+the most widely known Woodpeckers in eastern North
+America, where they are known in different localities,
+by something like a hundred local names, of which</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_259" id="Page_259"></a> 259
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/261a.png">
+<p>Northern Flicker.</p></div>
+<p>Pigeon Woodpecker and Yellow-hammer seem
+to be the most universal. They have the undulating
+flight common to all Woodpeckers and
+show the white rump patch conspicuously when
+flying. They are often found on the ground in
+pastures or on side hills, feeding upon ants;
+they are more terrestrial than any others of
+the family. They nest anywhere, where they
+can find or make a suitable cavity for the reception
+of their eggs; in trees in woods or solitary
+trees in large pastures, in apple trees in
+orchards, in fence posts, in holes under the
+roofs of buildings, etc. They ordinarily lay
+from five to ten very glossy eggs, but it has
+been found that they will continue laying, if
+one egg is removed from the nest at a time,
+until in one case seventy-one eggs were secured.
+Fresh eggs may be found at any time from
+May until August, as they frequently raise two
+broods a season. Size of eggs, 1.10 &times; .90 with
+considerable variations.</p>
+
+<p>412a. <span class="sc">Northern Flicker.</span> <i>Colaptes auratus luteus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, east of the Rockies, except the southeastern
+portion.</p>
+
+<p>Averaging larger than the preceding, but individual specimens of the northern
+variety are frequently found to be even smaller than the southern, and vice
+versa, making the distinction one of the study rather than Nature.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/261b.png">
+<p>Red-shafted Flicker.</p></div>
+
+<p>413. <span class="sc">Red-shafted Flicker.</span> <i>Colaptes cafer collaris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States west of the Rockies.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/261c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>This species is marked similarly to the preceding,
+but the top of the head is brownish instead
+of gray, and the underparts of the wings
+and tail, and their quills are reddish. Neither
+sex has the red crescent
+on the back of the head,
+except in the case of hybrids
+between the two
+species, but the male has
+red moustache marks.
+There are no differences
+in the nidification between
+this species and
+the preceding, but the
+eggs of this average a trifle larger (1.15 &times; .90).</p>
+
+<p>413a. <span class="sc">Northwestern Flicker.</span> <i>Colaptes cafer saturatior.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast, breeding from Oregon to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This is a much darker variety of the Red-shafted Flicker, but its nesting habits
+or eggs do not differ in any way.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/261mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_260" id="Page_260"></a> 260
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/262.png"><br>
+NORTHERN FLICKER.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_261" id="Page_261"></a> 261
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/263.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF NORTHERN FLICKER.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_262" id="Page_262"></a> 262
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/264ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>414. <span class="sc">Gilded Flicker.</span> <i>Colaptes chrysoides.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arizona and southward through Mexico to southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This pale species has the yellowish lining to the wings and tail as in the
+Flicker, but has a pale cinnamon brown crown, no crescent on back of head, and
+the male has red moustache marks. It is a common species in all localities
+where the giant cactus abounds, and shows a preference to nesting in these
+strange growths, to any other trees. Their habits are, in all respects, the same
+as those of the other Flickers and their eggs cannot be distinguished. Size
+1.10 &times; .90.</p>
+
+<p>414a. <span class="sc">San Fernando Flicker.</span> <i>Colaptes chrysoides brunnescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This is a slightly smaller and darker variety of the Gilded Flicker.</p>
+
+<p>415. <span class="sc">Guadalupe Flicker.</span> <i>Colaptes rufipileus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Guadalupe Island.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the Red-shafted Flicker, but with the crown darker and the rump a
+solid pinkish white. They are common in a large cypress grove in the middle
+of the island, but rarely found on any other portions. The eggs have been described
+by Mr. Walter E. Bryant, who found them breeding on the island, to be
+indistinguishable from those of the others of the genus.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/264deco.png"></p>
+<p>[Illustration z264.]</p>
+
+<h2>GOATSUCKERS, SWIFTS, AND HUMMINGBIRDS.<br>
+
+Order XVI. MACROCHIRES.</h2>
+
+<h3>GOATSUCKERS, Family CAPRIMULGIDAE.</h3>
+
+<p>Goatsuckers are long winged birds, with small bills, but with an extraordinarily
+large mouth, the opening of which extends beneath and beyond the eyes.
+They are chiefly dusk or night fliers, their food consisting of insects which
+they catch on the wing. Their plumage is mottled black, brownish and white,
+resembling the ground upon which they lay their eggs.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_263" id="Page_263"></a> 263
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/265a.png">
+<p>Chuck-will's-widow.</p></div>
+
+<p>416. <span class="sc">Chuck-will's-widow.</span> <i>Antrostomus carolinensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States,
+breeding north to Virginia and Indiana, and
+west to Arkansas and eastern Texas.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/265b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds are abundant summer residents
+in the southern portions of their range, but as
+they are silent and hiding in the woods during
+the day time, they are not as popularly known
+as are most birds. They rarely fly during the
+day time unless disturbed from their roosting
+place which is on the ground under underbrush
+or in hollow logs. Their notes, which are a rapid and repeatedly uttered whistling
+repetition of their name, are heard until late in the night. They nest during
+April, May or June, laying two eggs on the ground amid the leaves in woods
+or scrubby underbrush. The eggs are grayish to creamy white in color, handsomely
+marked with shades of lilac, gray and brownish; size 1.40 &times; 1.00.</p>
+
+<p>417. <span class="sc">Whip-poor-will.</span> <i>Antrostomus vociferus vociferus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains; north to the southern parts of the
+British possessions; winters along the Gulf coast and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/265c.png">
+<p>Whip-poor-will.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is well known, by sound, in nearly all parts of its range, but
+comparatively few ever observed the bird, and probably the greater number
+mistake the Nighthawk for this species. The two species can readily be distinguished
+at a distance by the absence of any pronounced white marking in
+the wings, and by the white tips to the outer
+tail feathers in the present species, while the
+Night Hawk has a prominent white band across
+the tail, but the top is black, and the tail slightly
+forked.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/265d.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Whip-poor-will, rarely leaves
+its place of concealment before dark, and is
+never seen flying about cities, as are the Nighthawks.
+In their pursuit
+of insects, they glide
+like a shadow over
+fields and woods, their
+soft plumage giving
+forth no sound as their
+wings cleave the air.
+Until late at night, their
+whistling cry "whip-poor-will,"
+repeated at
+intervals, rings out in all wooded hilly districts.
+Their two eggs are deposited on the
+ground among dead leaves, generally in dense
+woods. They are grayish white or cream color
+marbled with pale brown and gray, with fainter
+markings of lilac. Size 1.50 &times; .85.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/265mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_264" id="Page_264"></a> 264
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/266ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/266a.png">
+<p>Merrill's Paraque.<br>
+Poor-will.</p></div>
+<p>417a. <span class="sc">Stephen's Whip-poor-will.</span> <i>Antrostomus vociferus macromystax.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arizona and New Mexico, south
+through the tableland of Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is slightly larger and has
+longer mouth bristles than the eastern bird.
+Their nesting habits are the same and the eggs
+differ only in averaging lighter in color, with
+fainter markings, some specimens being almost
+immaculate.</p>
+
+<p>418. <span class="sc">Poor-will.</span> <i>Phal&aelig;noptilus nuttalli nuttalli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States west of the Mississippi,
+breeding from Kansas and northern California
+northward to Montana and British Columbia.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/266b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome species
+is the smallest of the family,
+being under 8 inches
+in length. Its plumage is mottled black, white and frosty
+gray, harmoniously blended together. They can easily be
+distinguished from all other Goatsuckers by their size and
+silvery appearance. They nest on the ground, either placing
+their two eggs upon a bed of leaves or upon a flat rock.
+The breeding season is from the latter part of May through July. The eggs are
+pure white and glossy; size 1.00 &times; .75.</p>
+
+<p>418a. <span class="sc">Frosted Poor-will.</span> <i>Phal&aelig;noptilus nuttalli nitidus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Texas and Arizona, north to western Kansas.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is like the last but paler, both above and below. Eggs indistinguishable
+from those of others of the genus.</p>
+
+<p>418b. <span class="sc">Dusky Poor-will.</span> <i>Phal&aelig;noptilus nuttalli californicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A darker race found on the coast of California, having the same nesting
+habits as the others.</p>
+
+<p>The egg figured is of this species. Data.--Los Angeles, Cal., June 24, 1900.
+2 eggs on the ground at the foot of an oak tree on the side of a hill. Collector,
+F. M. Palmer.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/266deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_265" id="Page_265"></a> 265
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>419. <span class="sc">Merrill's Parauque.</span> <i>Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north to the Lower Rio Grande in southern Texas.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/267a.png">
+<p>Salmon buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is the same length as the Chuck-will's-widow, but is not as stoutly
+built, and has a slightly longer tail. It can be distinguished
+from any other of the family by its tail,
+the outer feather on each side being black (or brownish
+barred with black in the female), and the next
+two having white ends for nearly half their length.
+Their eggs are laid on the ground in open localities,
+and generally under the protection of an overhanging
+bush. They are two in number and differ greatly
+from those of any other American member of this
+family, being a buff or rich salmon buff in color, spotted
+and splashed with gray, lavender, and reddish brown; size 1.25 &times; .90.
+Data.--Brownsville, Texas, April 16, 1900. Eggs laid on the ground in a dense
+thicket. Collector, Frank B. Armstrong.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/267b.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF WHIP-POOR-WILL.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/267mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_266" id="Page_266"></a> 266
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/268ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 340px"><img alt="" src="images/268a.png">
+<p>Nighthawk.</p></div>
+
+<p>420. <span class="sc">Nighthawk.</span> <i>Chordeiles virginianus virginianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America,
+east of the Plains and from
+Labrador to the Gulf of Mexico;
+winters through Mexico
+to northern South America.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/268b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Nighthawk or some of
+its sub-species is found in
+nearly all parts of North
+America, its habits being the
+same in all localities. It is
+of the same size as the Whip-poor-will,
+from which species
+it can readily be distinguished
+by its lack of mouth bristles,
+forked tail with a white
+band near the end, and the
+white band across the primaries,
+the latter mark showing
+very plainly during flight. Besides
+in the country, they are
+very common in cities, where they will be seen any summer day towards dusk
+flying, skimming, sailing, and swooping over the tops of the buildings, upon
+the gravel roofs on which they often lay their eggs. They nest generally on
+rocky hillsides or in open woods, laying their two eggs upon the top of a flat
+rock. The eggs are a grayish white color, marbled, blotched and spotted with
+darker shades of gray. Size 1.20 x .85.</p>
+
+<p>420a. <span class="sc">Western Nighthawk.</span> <i>Chordeiles virginianus henryi.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/268c.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--United States west of the Plains.</p>
+
+<p>A similar bird to the preceding, but with plumage
+somewhat more rusty. It frequents the more open
+portions of the country in its range, its habits and
+nesting habits being the same as others of the former
+species; the eggs average a trifle lighter in color.</p>
+
+<p>420b. <span class="sc">Florida Nighthawk.</span> <i>Chordeiles virginianus chapmani.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A smaller and paler form found in Florida and along the Gulf coast.
+No difference can be observed in the nesting habits of this as compared with the
+northern form and the eggs are indistinguishable.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_267" id="Page_267"></a> 267
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/269.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF NIGHTHAWK.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_268" id="Page_268"></a> 268
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/270ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/270a.png">
+<p>420-421.</p></div>
+
+<p>420c. <span class="sc">Sennett's Nighthawk.</span> <i>Cordeiles virginianus sennetti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A very pale species with little or
+no tawny; found in the Great Plains from
+Texas north to the Saskatchewan; winters
+south of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>421. <span class="sc">Texas Nighthawk.</span> <i>Chordeiles acutipennis texensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and Central America, breeding
+north to southern Utah and California.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/270b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+<br>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/270c.png">
+<p>422-424.</p></div>
+
+<p>The pattern of the
+marking of this species
+is finer and more mottled
+with rusty than
+the Nighthawk. Its
+habits do not differ to
+any extent from those
+of the preceding species;
+they lay their two
+mottled gray eggs upon
+the bare ground, often on the dry sand and
+in arid regions
+where they are
+exposed, with
+no protection,
+to the scorching
+rays of the
+sun. The eggs
+vary endlessly
+in extent of
+markings, some
+being very pale
+and others
+very dark gray,
+mottled with
+various shades
+of gray, brown and lilac. Size 1.10 x .75.</p><br>
+
+<h2>SWIFTS.</h2>
+<h2>Family MICROPODID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>422. <span class="sc">Black Swift.</span> <i>Cypseloides niger borealis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountain ranges from Central America
+north to British Columbia, locally distributed
+throughout its range.</p>
+
+<p>The plumage of this Swift is entirely sooty
+black, darkest above; the tail is slightly forked
+and is without spines; length of bird, 7 inches.
+Although the general habits of this species are
+well known, little is known of their nesting;
+they are seen during the breeding season about
+the higher ranges throughout their United
+States habitat, and are supposed to nest in
+crevices on the face of cliffs at a high altitude.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_269" id="Page_269"></a> 269
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/271a.png">
+<p>Chimney Swift.</p></div>
+<p>423. <span class="sc">Chimney Swift.</span> <i>Ch&aelig;tura pelagica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains,
+breeding from central Canada, south to the Gulf
+coast, and wintering south of our borders.</p>
+
+<p>This well known species is sooty brownish
+black, 5.5 inches long, and has the tail feathers
+terminating in sharp spines. They are very
+abundant in all portions of their range, and
+may be seen on the wing at all hours of the
+day, but especially abundant in the early morning
+and toward dusk. They formerly dwelt
+and bred only in hollow trees, and a great many
+still continue to do so, as large hollow stumps
+are known where hundreds nest every year.
+The majority of the eastern Chimney Swifts
+now nest in old chimneys that are unused, at
+least during the summer; some small chimneys
+contain but a single pair while other large ones
+may have from fifty to a hundred or more nests
+glued to the sides. The birds are on the wing
+during the greater part of the day, generally
+not frequenting the vicinity of their nesting
+site, but returning toward dusk, when they may
+be seen to, one at a time, dive headforemost into
+the tops of chimneys. </p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/271b.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF CHIMNEY SWIFT.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/271mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_270" id="Page_270"></a> 270
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/272ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/272a.png">
+<p>425--426.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/272b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>The nest
+is made of small twigs firmly
+glued to the sides of the chimney,
+or tree, and to each other,
+with the glutinous saliva of the
+bird, making a narrow semi-circle
+platform for the reception of
+their three to five white eggs which are deposited
+in May or June; size .75 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>424. <span class="sc">Vaux's Swift.</span> <i>Ch&aelig;tura vauxi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, chiefly west of
+the Rockies; breeding north to British Columbia,
+and wintering south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/272c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Similar to the last but smaller
+(length 4.5 inches), and paler in
+color, fading to white on the
+throat. The habits of this species
+are like those of the eastern
+Chimney Swift, except that
+the majority of these species still
+continue to use hollow trees as
+nesting places. The eggs are just like those of
+the last bird.</p>
+
+<p>425. <span class="sc">White-throated Swift.</span> <i>&AElig;ronautes melanoleucus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States south of Canada,
+and chiefly in the Rocky Mountains, and in
+California ranges, north to Lat. 38&deg;.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/272d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A handsome species, 6.5 inches in length, with blackish upper parts and sides,
+and white throat, breast and central line of under parts, flank
+patches and ends of secondaries; tail feathers not spined or
+stiffened. These birds are fairly common in some localities
+within their range, but appear to be found only on high ranges
+or in their immediate vicinity. They nest in crevices and
+caves in the face of cliffs, making a nest similar in construction
+to that of the Chimney Swift but of weed stalks instead
+of twigs, and lined with feathers. They lay four or five dull white eggs, during
+June or July; size .85 &times; .50.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/272deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_271" id="Page_271"></a> 271
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<h2>HUMMINGBIRDS. Family TROCHILIDAE</h2>
+
+<p>Hummingbirds have been truly called "Winged Gems." They are the smallest
+of birds, the usual plumage being a metallic green with throat or crown
+patches of the brightest of iridescent shining red, orange, blue or
+violet.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/273a.png">
+<p>427--429.</p></div>
+
+<p>Their nests are marvels of architecture being compactly and intricately made of plant
+fibres and downy feathers ornamented in some cases with lichens. Their flight
+is accompanied by a peculiar buzzing sound produced by their rapidly vibrating
+stiffened wing feathers. Their food is small
+insects and honey both of which they get chiefly
+from flowers.</p>
+
+<p>426. <span class="sc">Rivoli's Hummingbird.</span> <i>Eugenes fulgens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north in summer to southern
+Arizona where they breed at high elevations
+in the Huachuca Mountains.</p>
+
+<p>This is one of the most gorgeous of the Hummers
+having the crown a violet purple color,
+and the throat brilliant green. This species
+saddles its nest upon branches often at heights
+of 20 or 30 feet from the ground. They are
+made of plant down and generally decorated
+with lichens on the outside, similar to nests of
+the Ruby-throat. The two white eggs measure
+.65 &times; .40.</p>
+
+<p>427. <span class="sc">Blue-throated Hummingbird.</span> <i>Cyanol&aelig;mus clemenci&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north in summer to the
+border of Arizona and western New Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This species is the largest of North American
+Hummers being 5.25 inches long, this being
+slightly larger than the preceding. As the
+name implies, it has a patch of blue on the
+throat, the upper parts being a uniform greenish;
+the outer tail feathers are broadly tipped
+with white. Their nests, which are placed upon
+the limbs of trees, are made of mosses and
+plant fibres covered with cobwebs. The two
+eggs are laid during July and August, and
+measure .65 &times; .40.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/273deco.png"></p>
+</td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/273mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_272" id="Page_272"></a> 272
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/274.png"><br>
+FEMALE RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD ON NEST.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_273" id="Page_273"></a> 273
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 340px"><img alt="" src="images/275a.png">
+<p>Ruby-throated Hummingbird.</p></div>
+<p>428. <span class="sc">Ruby-throated Hummingbird.</span> <i>Archilochus colubris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east
+of the Plains and north to
+Labrador.</p>
+
+<p>This is the only representative
+of the family found
+east of the Mississippi. It is
+a small species, 3.5 inches
+long, with greenish upper
+parts and a bright ruby throat.
+Its nest is as beautiful, if not
+more so, than that of any
+other species. They build
+their nests on horizontal
+limbs of trees at any height
+from the ground, but usually
+more than six feet. Branches
+an inch or more in diameter
+are usually selected, they not
+being particular as to the
+kind of tree, but oaks, pines
+and maples perhaps being
+used the most often. The
+nests are made of plant fibres
+and down, and the exterior is
+completely covered with green
+lichens so that it appears like
+a small bunch of moss on the
+limb. The two white eggs are
+laid in May or June; size .50
+&times; .35.</p>
+
+<p>429. <span class="sc">Black-chinned Hummingbird.</span> <i>Archilochus alexandri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America west of the Rocky Mountains; north to British Columbia;
+winters south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 360px"><img alt="" src="images/275b.png">
+</div>
+
+<p>Similar in size and appearance to the Ruby-throat, but with the chin and
+upper throat black, the
+rest of the throat gorget
+being violet or amethyst.
+It is an abundant species
+in summer in many localities,
+especially in the southern
+half of its range. They
+build their nests at low elevations,
+rarely above ten
+feet, on small branches or
+the fork at the end of a
+limb. The nests are made
+of yellowish plant fibres
+and are not covered with
+lichens, so that they have
+a peculiar spongy appearance.
+Eggs indistinguishable
+from those of the
+Ruby-throat. Laid during
+April, May or June.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/275mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_274" id="Page_274"></a> 274
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/276.png"><br>
+RUBY-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_275" id="Page_275"></a> 275
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/277a.png">
+<p>430--431.</p></div>
+<p>430. <span class="sc">Costa's Hummingbird.</span> <i>Calypte cost&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States; north
+to southern Utah; winters south of our border.</p>
+
+<p>Smaller than the last and with both the
+crown and the throat gorget, violet or amethyst,
+the feathers on the sides of the latter being
+lengthened. Their nests are situated in
+the forks of branches generally near the ground,
+and seldom above six feet from it. They are
+made of plant down with shreds of weeds, bark
+and lichens worked into the outside portions,
+and are often lined with soft feathers. The
+two eggs average .48 &times; .32. Data.--Arroyo Seco,
+California, June 10, 1900. Nest in an alder bush.
+Collector, Charles E. Groesbeck.</p>
+
+<p>431. <span class="sc">Anna's Hummingbird.</span> <i>Calypte anna</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of the United States
+from northern California, southward, wintering
+in Mexico and southern California.</p>
+
+<p>This handsome species has both the crown
+and the broadened and lengthened throat gorgets,
+a purplish pink; it is slightly larger than
+the Ruby-throat. They are very abundant in
+their restricted range, and nest in February
+and March and again in April or May, raising
+two broods a season. Their nests are made of
+plant down and covered on the outside with
+cobwebs and a few lichens, and are generally
+located at a low elevation. The white eggs
+average .50 &times; .30. Data.--Santa Monica, California,
+March 4, 1897. Nest in a bunch of seed
+pods in a gum tree, ten feet from the ground.
+Collector, Tom Bundy.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/277b.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/277mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_276" id="Page_276"></a> 276
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/278ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/278a.png">
+<p>432--433--434.</p></div>
+<p>432. <span class="sc">Broad-tailed Hummingbird.</span>
+<i>Selasphorus platycercus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain regions, north to
+Wyoming; winters south of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the Ruby-throat,
+but larger and with the back more golden
+green color, and the throat shining lilac. They
+are very abundant in Colorado and Arizona,
+nesting as do the Ruby-throats in the east, and
+their nests being similar in construction and
+appearance to those of that species. The
+eggs cannot be distinguished from those of
+other species.</p>
+
+<p>433. <span class="sc">Rufous Hummingbird.</span>
+<i>Selasphorus rufus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, breeding
+from the Mexican border north to Alaska and
+fairly abundant in most of its range.</p>
+
+<p>A handsome little species with the back and
+tail reddish brown, and with a throat gorget of
+orange red, the feathers being slightly lengthened
+into a ruff on the side of the gorget. They
+nest in a great variety of locations and at a
+low elevation, such as vines, bushes and the
+low hanging branches of trees. The nest is
+made of vegetable fibres covered with cobwebs
+and often with lichens. The eggs do not
+differ from those of the other Hummers.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/278b.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_277" id="Page_277"></a> 277
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>434. <span class="sc">Allen's Hummingbird.</span> <i>Selasphorus alleni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from British Columbia southward; most abundant in
+California. Winters in Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 340px"><img alt="" src="images/279a.png">
+</div>
+
+<p>This species is like the last,
+but the back is greenish, only
+the tail being reddish brown.
+These birds generally locate
+their nests at low elevations
+near the end of overhanging
+branches, on vines, weed
+stalks, or bushes, but have
+been found as high as 90 feet
+above ground. The nests of
+this species are made of plant
+fibres and cobwebs, generally
+decorated with lichens. The
+two white eggs measure .50 &times;
+.32. Data.--Santa Monica,
+Cal., May 29, 1896. Nest two
+feet from the ground in a
+sage bush. Collector, W. Lee
+Chambers.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/279b.png"><br>
+ANNA'S HUMMINGBIRD.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/279mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_278" id="Page_278"></a> 278
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/280ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/280.png">
+<p>436--437--438.</p></div>
+<p>435. <span class="sc">Morcom's Hummingbird.</span>
+<i>Atthis morcomi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This species is known only from a
+single specimen, taken in the Huachuca Mountains,
+Arizona, in 1896.</p>
+
+<p>436. <span class="sc">Calliope Hummingbird.</span>
+<i>Stellula calliope.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States from British
+Columbia southward, and from the Rocky
+Mountains west to eastern Oregon and California.</p>
+
+<p>This is the smallest of North American Hummers,
+being but 3 inches in length. It is greenish
+above and has a violet gorget showing the
+white bases of the feathers. They build their
+nests in all manner of locations from high up
+in tall pines to within a foot of the ground in
+slender bushes. The nests are made interiorly
+with plant down, but the outside is generally
+grayish colored shreds and lichens. The eggs
+average but a trifle smaller than those of <i>colubris</i>,
+.45 &times; .30.</p>
+
+<p>437. <span class="sc">Lucifer's Hummingbird.</span>
+<i>Calothorax lucifer.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north to southwestern Texas
+and Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>This species, which is common in parts of
+Central Mexico, occurs only casually north to
+our borders and has not yet been found nesting
+there. They build small compact nests of plant
+down attached to the stalks or leaves of plants
+or weeds.</p>
+
+<p>438. <span class="sc">Reiffer's Hummingbird.</span> <i>Amizilis tzacatl.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Abundant in southern Mexico; casual in southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This species is greenish above, with a bronzy lustre; the tail is reddish brown,
+and the throat and breast are metallic green. They breed abundantly about
+houses and nest apparently at all seasons of the year in Central America, where
+they are the most common species of Hummers.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/280deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_279" id="Page_279"></a> 279
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/281a.png">
+<p>439--440.1--441.</p></div>
+
+<p>439. <span class="sc">Buff-bellied Hummingbird.</span>
+<i>Amizilis cerviniventris chalconota.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas
+and southward through Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>These birds are like the last but have the
+underparts a pale brownish buff color. They
+are quite common in their summer range in the
+United States, nesting at a low elevation in
+bushes and low trees. The two eggs are white,
+.50 &times; .35. Data.--Brownsville, Texas, May 5,
+1892. Nest of fine bark-like fibre on the outside,
+lined with lint from thistle plant; located
+on limb of small hackberry. Collector, Frank
+G. Armstrong.</p>
+
+<p>440. <span class="sc">Xantus' Hummingbird.</span>
+<i>Basilinna xantusi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>A handsome species, greenish above, with a
+coppery tinge and shading into reddish brown
+on the tail; under parts buffy, throat metallic
+green, and a broad white streak behind the eye.
+They breed on the ranges making a similar
+nest to those of other Hummers, placed on
+weeds or bushes near the ground. The eggs
+cannot be distinguished from those of the majority
+of other species.</p>
+
+<p>440.1. <span class="sc">White-eared Hummingbird.</span>
+<i>Basilinna leucotis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A Central American and Mexican
+species, casually found on the ranges in Southern
+Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>The plumage of this species is greenish above and below, being metallic green
+on the breast; the forehead, sides of head, and throat are iridescent blue
+and a white line extends back from the eye.</p>
+
+<p>441. <span class="sc">Broad-billed Hummingbird.</span> <i>Cynanthus latirostris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of central Mexico north to southern Arizona and New
+Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>The throat of this species is a rich metallic blue; otherwise the plumage is
+greenish above and below, being brighter and more irisdescent on the breast.
+They are not uncommon on the ranges of southern Arizona, where they have
+been found nesting in July and August, their nest not being unlike those of the
+Rufous Hummer, but with the exterior largely composed of shreds of grayish
+bark and lichens. Their eggs are like many others of the Hummers.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/281deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/281mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_280" id="Page_280"></a> 280
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/282ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>PERCHING BIRDS. Order XVII. PASSERES</h2>
+
+<h3>COTINGAS. Family COTINGIDAE</h3>
+
+<p>441.1. <span class="sc">Xantus Becard.</span> <i>Platypsaris aglai&aelig; albiventris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico; north casually to the southern border of Arizona.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/282.png">
+<p>Buffy gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>This peculiar species is grayish above and lighter gray below, has dark slaty
+crown, and a patch of rose color on the lower throat. This
+is the only representative of this tropical family that has
+been found as yet over the Mexican border, but its near
+ally, the Rose-throated Becard has been found within a
+very few miles and will doubtless be added to our fauna
+as an accidental visitor ere long. Their nests are large
+masses of grasses, weeds, strips of bark, etc., partially
+suspended from the forks of branches. Their eggs number
+four or five and are a pale buffy gray color, dotted and scratched with a pale
+reddish brown and dark gray. Size .95 &times; .70. The one figured is from a set
+in the collection of Mr. Crandall, taken June 1, 1897 at Presidio Sinaloa, Mexico.</p>
+
+<h2>FLYCATCHERS. Family TYRANNID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>Flycatchers, which are found only in America and chiefly in the tropics, are
+insect-eating birds, generally having a grayish colored plumage, sometimes
+adorned with a slight crest or a coronal mark of orange, red, or yellow. Only
+two of the species found in North America are gaudy in plumage, the Vermilion,
+and the Derby Flycatchers. They all have the habit of sitting erect on a
+dead twig, and watching for passing insects, which they catch on the wing.</p>
+
+<p>442. <span class="sc">Fork-tailed Flycatcher.</span> <i>Muscivora tryannus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A Central and South American species accidentally having occurred
+in the United States on several occasions.</p>
+
+<p>This is a handsome black, white and gray species of the size and form of the
+next.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/282deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_281" id="Page_281"></a> 281
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/283a.png">
+<p>Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.</p></div>
+<p>443. <span class="sc">Scissor-tailed Flycatcher.</span> <i>Muscivora forficata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north through Texas to
+southern Kansas; accidental in other parts of
+the country.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/283b.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Scissor-tail or "Texan Bird of Paradise"
+is the most beautiful member of this interesting
+family. Including its long tail, often 10
+inches in length and forked for about 6 inches,
+this Flycatcher reaches a
+length of about 15 inches.
+It is pale grayish above,
+fading into whitish below,
+and has scarlet linings to
+the wings, and a scarlet
+crown patch. They are
+one of the most abundant
+of the breeding birds in
+Texas, placing their large
+roughly built nests in all kinds of trees and at
+any elevation, but averaging between ten and
+fifteen feet above ground. The nests are built
+of rootlets, grasses, weeds and trash of all
+kinds, such as paper, rags, string, etc. The
+interior is generally lined with plant fibres,
+hair or wool. They lay from three to five, and rarely six eggs with a creamy
+white ground color, more or less spotted and blotched with reddish brown, lilac
+and gray, the markings generally being most numerous about the larger end.
+They average in size about .90 &times; .67. Data.--Corpus Christi, Texas, May 18,
+1899. 6 eggs. Nest of moss, vines, etc., on small trees in open woods near town.
+Collector, Frank B. Armstrong.</p>
+
+<p>444. <span class="sc">Kingbird.</span> <i>Tyrannus tyrannus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/283c.png">
+<p>Kingbird.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Temperate North America, breeding
+from the Gulf of Mexico north to New Brunswick,
+Manitoba and British Columbia; rare off
+the Pacific coast.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/283d.png">
+<p>Cream color.</p></div>
+
+<p>This common Tyrant Flycatcher is very
+abundant in the eastern parts of its range.
+They are one of the most pugnacious and courageous
+of birds attacking and driving away any
+feathered creature to which they take a dislike,
+regardless of size.
+Before and during the
+nesting season, their
+sharp, nerve-racking clatter
+is kept up all day long,
+and with redoubled vigor
+when anyone approaches
+their nesting site. They
+nest in any kind of a tree,
+in fields or open woods, and at any height
+from the ground, being found on fence rails
+within two feet of the ground or in the tops of
+pines 70 or 80 feet above the earth. Nearly
+every orchard will be found to contain one or more pairs of these great insect</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/283mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_282" id="Page_282"></a> 282
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/282ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>destroyers; if more than one pair, there will be
+continual warfare as often as one encroaches on the domains of the other. Their
+nests are made of strips of vegetable fibre, weeds, etc., and lined with horsehair
+or catkins. They are sometimes quite bulky and generally very substantially
+made. The three to five eggs are laid the latter part of May, and are of a
+creamy ground color splashed with reddish brown and lilac. Size .95 &times; .70.
+Data.--Worcester County, Massachusetts, June 3, 1895. 4 eggs. Nest 10 feet
+from the ground in an apple tree; made of fibres, string, rootlets and weeds,
+lined with horse hair. Collector, F. C. Clark.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/284.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF KINGBIRD.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_283" id="Page_283"></a> 283
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/285a.png">
+<p>Gray Kingbird.</p></div>
+<p>445. <span class="sc">Gray Kingbird.</span> <i>Tyrannus dominicensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--West Indies; north in April to Florida
+and the South Atlantic States to South
+Carolina and casually farther.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/285b.png">
+<p>Creamy.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is slightly larger than our Kingbird,
+(9 inches long), grayish instead of dark
+drab above, white below, and without any
+white tip to tail. Like
+the common Kingbird, it
+has a concealed orange
+patch on the crown. Their
+habits and nesting habits
+are the same as those of
+our common bird, but the
+nest is not generally as
+well built, and nearly always
+is made largely of
+twigs. The three or four eggs have a creamy
+or a creamy pink ground color, spotted and
+blotched with dark brown and lilac, most numerously
+about the large end. Size 1.00 &times; .73.
+Tarpon Springs, Florida, May 28, 1802. Nest of twigs and weeds in a low bush.
+Collector, J. A. Southley.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/285c.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>446. <span class="sc">Couch's Kingbird.</span> <i>Tyrannus melancholicus couchi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north in summer to southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This species is very similar to the next but the throat
+and breast are white, and the underparts a brighter yellow.
+Like the other members of this genus, these build
+their nests in any location in trees or bushes, making them
+of twigs, weeds and moss. Their three or four eggs have
+a creamy ground with a pinkish cast and are spotted
+with brown and lilac. Size .97 &times; .12.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/285d.png">
+<p>Arkansas Kingbird.</p></div>
+
+<p>447. <span class="sc">Arkansas Kingbird.</span> <i>Tyrannus verticalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States and southern
+British Provinces from Kansas and Minnesota
+west to the Pacific.</p>
+
+<p>This species has grayish upper parts, shading
+into darker on the wings and tail, and
+lighter on the throat and upper breast; the
+underparts are yellow, and there is a concealed
+patch of orange on the crown. They are very
+abundant throughout the west, where they
+have the same familiar habits of the eastern
+species, nesting in all sorts of locations such as
+would be used by the latter. Their nests are
+made of plant fibres, weeds, string, paper or
+any trash that may be handy, being sometimes
+quite bulky. Their eggs do not differ in any
+particular from those of the eastern bird, except
+that they may average a little smaller.
+Size .95 &times; .65.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/285mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_284" id="Page_284"></a> 284
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/286ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 340px"><img alt="" src="images/286a.png">
+<p>Derby Flycatcher.</p></div>
+<p>448. <span class="sc">Cassin's Kingbird.</span> <i>Tyrannus vociferans.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United
+States from the Rocky Mountain
+region to California, and
+from Wyoming southward.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/286b.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is like the last
+except that the throat and
+breast are darker. Their
+habits, nesting habits and
+eggs are indistinguishable
+from those of the other Tyrant
+Flycatchers, and they
+are fully as courageous in the
+defense of their homes
+against either man or bird,
+their notes resembling those
+of the common Kingbird of
+the east.</p>
+
+
+<p>449. <span class="sc">Derby Flycatcher.</span> <i>Pitangus sulphuratus derbianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and Central America, breeding north to southern Texas.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/286c.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome bird is the largest of the Flycatcher family found in the
+United States, being 11 inches in length. It has a black crown enclosing a
+yellow crown patch; a broad black stripe from the
+bill, through the eye and around the back of the
+head, is separated from the crown by a white forehead
+and line over the eye; the throat is white
+shading into yellow on the underparts. They are
+abundant in the interior of Mexico, but can hardly
+be classed as common over our border, where they
+nest in limited numbers. Their nests are unlike
+those of any of our other Flycatchers being large
+masses of moss, weeds and grass, arched over on
+top and with the entrance on the side. The three or four eggs are creamy white,
+sprinkled chiefly about the large end with small reddish brown or umber spots;
+size 1.15 &times; .85.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/286deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_285" id="Page_285"></a> 285
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>451. <span class="sc">Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher.</span> <i>Myiodynastes luteiventris.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 340px"><img alt="" src="images/287a.png">
+<p>Crested Flycatcher.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and Central
+America, breeding north
+to the Mexican border of Arizona.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/287b.png">
+<p>Creamy buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This peculiar Flycatcher,
+which is unlike any other
+American species, can only
+be regarded as a rare breeding
+bird in the Huachuca Mts.
+It is 8 inches in length, has
+a grayish back streaked with
+black, the tail largely rusty
+brown and the underparts sulphur
+yellow, streaked on the
+breast and sides with dusky;
+a yellow crown patch is bordered
+on either side by a stripe
+of mottled dusky, and is separated
+from the blackish
+patch through the eye, by
+white superciliary lines. Their
+habits are similar to those of the genus Myiarchus, and, like them, they nest in
+cavities in trees, and lay from three to five eggs of a creamy buff color thickly
+spotted and blotched with brown and purplish, the markings not assuming the
+scratchy appearance of the Crested Flycatchers, but looking more like those of
+a Cardinal; size of egg 1.05 &times; .75. Data.--Huachuca Mts., Arizona, June 29, 1901.
+4 eggs. Nest in the natural cavity of a live sycamore tree about fifty feet from
+the ground; composed of twigs. Collector, O. W. Howard.</p>
+
+<p>452. <span class="sc">Crested Flycatcher.</span> <i>Myiarchus crinitus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains, and from New Brunswick and
+Manitoba southward; winters from the Gulf States southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/287c.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This trim and graceful, but quarrelsome, species is grayish
+on the head, neck, and breast, shading to greenish on
+the back and quite abruptly into bright yellow on the
+underparts; the head is slightly crested and the inner webs
+of all the lateral tail feathers are reddish brown. They
+are abundant in most of their range but are generally shy
+so they are not as often seen as many other more rare
+birds. They nest in cavities of any kind of trees and at
+any elevation from the ground, the nest being made of
+twigs, weeds and trash, and generally having incorporated
+into its make-up a piece of cast off snake skin. They lay from four to six
+eggs of a buffy color, blotched and lined with dark brown and lavender.
+Size .85 &times; .65.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/287mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_286" id="Page_286"></a> 286
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/288ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/288a.png">
+<p>453--454.</p></div>
+
+<p>453. <span class="sc">Arizona Crested Flycatcher.</span> <i>Myiarchus magister magister.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Arizona and New Mexico, south
+through Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/288b.png">
+<p>Pale buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This bird is very similar to, but averages slightly larger
+than the Mexican Flycatcher. Its nesting habits are
+the same and the eggs cannot be distinguished from
+those of the latter, the nest being most frequently found
+in giant cacti.</p>
+
+<p>453a. <span class="sc">Mexican Crested Flycatcher.</span> <i>Myiarchus magister nelsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north to southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the last
+but is considerably paler. They are
+common in some localities, nesting
+in holes in trees or stumps, often
+those deserted by Woodpeckers.
+Their eggs are like those of the last
+but average paler. Data.--Corpus
+Christi, Texas, May 10, 1899. Nest
+in hole in telegraph pole; made of
+red cow hair, feathers and leaves. 4 eggs. Collector, Frank B. Armstrong.</p>
+
+<p>454. <span class="sc">Ash-throated Flycatcher.</span> <i>Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/288c.png">
+</div>
+
+<p>Range.--North America,
+west of the Plains and
+south of Canada.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the others of
+the genus but grayish
+brown above and with the
+underparts much paler, the
+throat and breast being
+nearly white. Like the
+others they nest in cavities
+in trees, either natural
+or ones made by Woodpeckers.
+Their four to
+five eggs are lighter in
+color than those of crinitus
+but cannot be distinguished
+from those of
+the Mexican Crested Flycatcher.</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/288d.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+<p>Page <a name="Page_287" id="Page_287"></a> 287</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+
+<p>454b. <span class="sc">Lower California Flycatcher.</span> <i>Myiarchus cinerascens pertinax.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 340px"><img alt="" src="images/289a.png">
+<p>Ph&oelig;be.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is similar
+to Nutting Flycatcher but paler
+below and grayish above.</p>
+
+<p>455a. <span class="sc">Olivaceous Flycatcher.</span> <i>Myiarchus lawrencei olivascens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico,
+north to southern Arizona.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/289b.png">
+<p>Buffy.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is the smallest of the
+genus found in the United
+States, being but 7 inches in
+length. Except for size it is
+similar to <i>crinitus</i> but with
+very little, if any, rusty brown
+on tail, except for a slight
+edging on the outer web.
+Their nesting sites are the
+same as those chosen by the other Crested Flycatcher, but their eggs appear
+to have but little of the scratchy appearance of the other members. They are
+pale buffy, speckled and spotted with brown and lilac; size .80 &times; .60. Data.--Toluca,
+Mexico, May 20, 1895. Nest of brown hair and feathers, in hole in tree
+in woods. Collector, Fred T. Francis.</p>
+
+<p>456. <span class="sc">Ph&oelig;be.</span>. <i>Sayornis ph&oelig;be.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Rockies and north to Nova Scotia.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/289c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These very common, grayish colored birds are very often known as "Bridge
+Birds" because of the frequency with which they construct their nests under
+bridges and arches; they also build in crevices in ledges or
+among the hanging roots near the tops of embankments, and on
+the rafters or beams of old buildings. The nests are made of
+mud, moss and grass, lined with feathers. The four or five eggs
+measure .75 &times; .55. Occasionally, eggs will be found that have
+a few minute spots of reddish brown. Freak situations in which
+to locate their nests are often chosen by these birds, such as
+the brake beam of a freight car, in the crevices of old wells, hen
+houses, etc. The birds are one of the most useful that we have; being very
+active and continually on the alert for insects and beetles that constitute their
+whole bill of fare.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/289mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_288" id="Page_288"></a> 288
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/290.png"><br>
+PHOEBE ON NEST.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_289" id="Page_289"></a> 289
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/291a.png">
+<p>457-458.</p></div>
+
+<p>457. <span class="sc">Say's Ph&oelig;be.</span> <i>Sayornis sayus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, breeding
+from southern United States, north to the Arctic
+regions, and from Kansas and Wisconsin
+westward. Winters in Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/291b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This bird is slightly larger than the last
+(7.5 inches long), and is rusty brown color on
+the belly and lower breast. Like the eastern
+Ph&oelig;bes they are one of the earliest birds to return
+in the spring and are abundant in the
+greater parts of their range.
+Like the latter, they often
+raise two broods a season,
+one in April and another in
+July. Their nests are generally
+placed on narrow shelves
+and crevices of ledges, but
+they also nest as commonly about houses and
+farms as does the eastern bird. The nests are
+made of weeds, mosses, fibres and wool, and
+are quite flat. They lay four or five white eggs.
+Size .78 x .58.</p>
+
+<p>458. <span class="sc">Black Ph&oelig;be.</span> <i>Sayornis nigricans.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/291c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and north in summer into
+the bordering States.</p>
+
+<p>This species is of the size of the last but
+is blackish (darkest on the head and breast),
+with a white belly and under
+tail coverts, the latter streaked
+with dusky. Their habits
+and nesting habits are the
+same as those of the eastern
+Ph&oelig;be, they building their
+nests of mud, moss, weeds
+and feathers on ledges or
+about buildings, and generally close to or in the vicinity of water. They breed
+during April or May, laying four or five white eggs which cannot be distinguished
+from those of the common Ph&oelig;be. Size .75 x .55.</p>
+
+<p>458a. <span class="sc">Western Black Ph&oelig;be.</span> <i>Sayornis nigricans semiatra.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific Coast of Mexico and the United States, breeding north to
+Oregon.</p>
+
+<p>This variety differs from the last in having the under tail coverts pure white.
+Its nesting habits are precisely the same and the eggs indistinguishable.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/291deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/291mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_290" id="Page_290"></a> 290
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/292ml.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/292a.png">
+<p>Olive-sided Flycatcher.</p></div>
+
+<p>459. <span class="sc">Olive-sided Flycatcher.</span> <i>Nuttallornis borealis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding
+from the Middle States and California northward,
+and in the Rockies, south to Mexico;
+winters south of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>These Flycatchers are nowhere abundant,
+and in some parts of the country, especially
+in the middle portion, they are
+very rare.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/292b.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>They breed very
+locally and generally not
+more than one pair in any locality.
+In New England, I
+have always found them nesting
+in company with Parula
+Warblers, in dead coniferous
+swamps in which the
+branches are covered with long pendant moss.
+Their nests are placed high up in the trees,
+generally above fifty feet from the ground, and
+on small horizontal limbs; they are made of
+small twigs and rootlets, lined with finer rootlets
+and moss, and are very flat and shallow;
+as they are generally made to match the surrounding,
+they are one of the most difficult nests to find. They lay three or
+four cream colored eggs which are spotted with reddish brown and lilac, chiefly
+about the large end. Size .85 x .65. Data.--Lake Quinsigamond, Massachusetts,
+June 12, 1897. Nest of twigs and moss, about 60 feet above the ground, in a
+dead pine tree in center of a large wet swamp. Nest could not be seen from
+the ground, and was found by watching the birds.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/292c.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_291" id="Page_291"></a> 291
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>460. <span class="sc">Coues's Flycatcher.</span> <i>Myiochanes pertinax pallidiventris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico, breeding north to central Arizona.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/293a.png">
+<p>Cream color.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Flycatcher builds one of the most artistic nests created by feathered
+creatures. It bears some resemblance on the exterior to that of the next species,
+but it is much more firmly made, and the walls are usually
+higher, making a very deeply cupped interior. The outside
+of the nest is made of fibres, cobwebs, catkins, etc., firmly
+felted together and ornamented with green lichens to match
+the limb upon which it is saddled. The interior is heavily
+lined with dried, yellowish grasses, making a very strong contrast
+to the exterior. They are fairly abundant birds in the
+ranges of southern Arizona, where they nest generally during
+June. They lay three eggs of a rich creamy color, spotted and blotched, chiefly
+about the larger end, with reddish brown and lilac gray. Size .95 x .61. Data.--Huachuca
+Mts., Arizona, July 8, 1897. 3 eggs. Nest in a yellow pine about 60
+feet up and near the extremity of a long slender limb. Elevation 7000 feet.
+Collector, O. W. Howard.</p>
+
+<p>461. <span class="sc">Wood Pewee.</span> <i>Myiochanes virens.</i></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/293b.png">
+<p>Wood Pewee.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains
+and north to the southern parts of the British
+Provinces. Winters south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/293c.png">
+<p>Cream color.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is one of the best
+known and one of the most
+common frequenters of open
+woods, where all summer
+long its pleasing notes may
+be heard, resembling "Pee-a-wee"
+or sometimes only two
+syllables "pee-wee." They
+nest on horizontal limbs at elevations of six
+feet or over, making handsome nests of plant
+fibres and fine grasses, covered on the exterior
+with lichens; they are quite shallow and very
+much resembles a small knot on the limb of
+the tree. They lay three or four eggs of a
+cream color spotted in a wreath about the
+large end, with reddish brown and lavender;
+size .80 x .55. Data.--Torrington, Conn., June
+16, 1890. Nest of fibres covered with lichens,
+saddled on the branch of an oak tree near
+roadside. Collector, John Gath.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/293d.png"><br>
+Chickadee Family.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/293mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_292" id="Page_292"></a> 292
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/294.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF WOOD PEWEE.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_293" id="Page_293"></a> 293
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/295a.png">
+<p>Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.<br>
+Acadian Flycatcher.</p></div>
+<p>462. <span class="sc">Western Wood Pewee.</span> <i>Myiochanes richardsoni richardsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States from the
+Plains to the Pacific, and from Manitoba southward,
+wintering south of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits of this bird are the same
+as those of the eastern Pewee, but their nests
+are more strongly built and generally deeper,
+and without the outside ornamentation of
+lichens. They are saddled upon horizontal
+branches, like those of the preceding, as a
+rule, but are also said to have been found in
+upright crotches like those of the Least Flycatcher.
+Their three or four eggs cannot be
+distinguished from those of the eastern Wood
+Pewee.</p>
+
+<p>462a. <span class="sc">Large-billed Wood Pewee.</span> <i>Myiochanes richardsoni peninsul&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This species which differs from the
+last only slightly, as is indicated by the name,
+inhabits the peninsula of Lower California; its
+nesting habits and eggs will not differ from those of the other Pewees.</p>
+
+<p>463. <span class="sc">Yellow-bellied Flycatcher.</span> <i>Empidonax flaviventris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains and north to Labrador; winters
+south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/295b.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is slightly larger than the Least Flycatcher and is
+more yellowish above and below, the breast being quite bright.
+While common in some districts it is quite shy and frequents
+thickly wooded regions, where it is not very often seen. They
+nest near or on the ground among rocks or roots of fallen trees,
+chiefly in swampy places; the nests are made in bunches of
+moss, hollowed out and lined with very fine grasses. Their four
+eggs are creamy or buffy white, spotted and speckled about the larger end with
+reddish brown and gray; size .68 &times; .51.</p>
+
+<p>464. <span class="sc">Western Flycatcher.</span> <i>Empidonax difficilis difficilis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, from the Rocky Mountain region to the
+Pacific, and north to Alaska; winters chiefly south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/295c.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Flycatcher, which is similar to the last, nests in similar
+locations as well as in many others, such as crevices and fissures
+in rocks, holes in banks, cavities in trees, rafters in buildings,
+etc. The nests are variously made, but consist chiefly of fine
+grasses, weeds and fibres. The eggs are as a rule similar to
+those of the last species and cannot be distinguished.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/295deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/295mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_294" id="Page_294"></a> 294
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/296ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/296a.png">
+<p>464--466.</p></div>
+
+<p>464a. <span class="sc">San Lucas Flycatcher.</span> <i>Empidonax difficilis cineritius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to, but duller in plumage
+than the Western Flycatcher. Their nesting
+habits do not probably vary from those of
+the latter.</p>
+
+<p>465. <span class="sc">Acadian Flycatcher.</span> <i>Empidonax virescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding
+from the Gulf to southern New England, and
+in the Mississippi Valley to Manitoba.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/296b.png">
+<p>Buffy.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is very pale below and greenish
+yellow on the back. They are among the latest
+of the migrants to reach our
+borders and arrive in the
+Middle States about the latter
+part of May, when they
+are quite common. They
+build semi-pensile nests in
+the forks of bushes or overhanging
+branches at heights
+of from four to twenty feet, the nests being
+made of rootlets, fibres, fine grasses, etc., and
+partially suspended from the branch; they are
+quite shallow and loosely constructed and often
+appear more like a bunch of debris deposited in
+the fork by the wind than like the creation of
+a bird. Their three or four eggs are buffy, spotted
+or specked with brown; size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>466. <span class="sc">Traill's Flycatcher.</span> <i>Empidonax trailli trailli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, from the Mississippi Valley to the Pacific;
+winters south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/296c.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is very similar to the next, but the back is said
+to be more brownish. They are common and nest abundantly
+in thickets and low scrubby woods, usually placing the nest
+at a low elevation, preferably in a clump of willows; the nests
+are made of fine strips of bark, plant fibres, and very fine rootlets
+being woven about and firmly fastened in upright
+crotches. Their eggs, which are laid in June, are buffy white,
+specked and spotted, chiefly at the large end, with brownish; size .70 &times; .54.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/296deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_295" id="Page_295"></a> 295
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/297a.png">
+<p>Least Flycatcher.</p></div>
+<p>466a. <span class="sc">Alder Flycatcher.</span> <i>Empidonax trailli alnorum.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, east of the Mississippi
+and north to New Brunswick.</p>
+
+<p>The only difference between this and the preceding
+variety is in the more greenish upper
+parts. They are quite abundant in the breeding
+season from New England and northern
+New York northward, frequenting, to a great
+extent, alder thickets bordering streams. Their
+nests and eggs do not differ appreciably from
+those of the western variety of Traill Flycatcher.</p>
+
+<p>467. <span class="sc">Least Flycatcher.</span> <i>Empidonax minimus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Rockies
+and north to the interior of Canada, wintering
+south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/297b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These little birds (5.5 inches
+long) are common about houses
+and orchards on the outskirts of cities, and on the edges of forests
+or open woods. They are very frequently known by the
+name of Chebec from their continually uttered note. In nearly
+all instances, the nests are placed in upright forks at elevations
+varying from four to twenty-four feet from the ground. The
+nests are made chiefly of plant fibres, fine grasses, string, cobwebs, etc., and
+the three to five eggs are pale creamy white; size .65 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>468. <span class="sc">Hammond's Flycatcher.</span> <i>Empidonax hammondi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, west of the Rockies and from British Columbia southward,
+wintering south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/297c.png">
+<p>462--469--469.1.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/297d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This western representative of the Least
+Flycatcher is less abundant and more shy,
+but has the same nesting habits as the eastern
+birds, placing its nests either in upright
+crotches or, more rarely, upon horizontal
+branches at a low elevation. The eggs cannot
+be distinguished from those of the last
+species.</p>
+
+<p>469. <span class="sc">Wright's Flycatcher.</span> <i>Empidonax wrighti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, breeding from the Mexican
+border to Oregon and wintering south of the United
+States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/297e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A very similar bird to the last but whiter
+below. It is a much more abundant species
+than the last and is found breeding in open
+woods and thickets on all the ranges. The
+nests are built like those of the Least Flycatcher
+and nearly always are found in
+the crotch of trees or bushes at a low elevation;
+their nests, like those of the two
+preceding species, bear a strong resemblance to those of
+the Yellow Warblers which are found in the same localities
+and locations. The eggs are pale creamy white, four
+in number and measure .68 &times; .52.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/297mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_296" id="Page_296"></a> 296
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/298ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/298a.png">
+<p>Vermillion Flycatcher.</p></div>
+
+<p>469.1. <span class="sc">Gray Flycatcher.</span> <i>Empidonax griseus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California, north to southern
+California.</p>
+
+<p>This is a slightly larger species than the preceding
+and is grayish above and paler below,
+with little or no tinge of brownish or yellow.
+As far as I can learn its eggs have not yet been
+taken.</p>
+
+<p>470a. <span class="sc">Buff-breasted Flycatcher.</span> <i>Empidonax fulvifrons pygm&aelig;us.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico, north to southern
+New Mexico and Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>This small bird, which is but 4.75 inches in
+length, is brownish gray above and brownish
+buff below. It is not a common species anywhere,
+but is known to nest during June or
+July, on high mountain ranges, saddling its
+nest of fibres, covered with lichens, on horizontal
+boughs at quite an elevation from the
+ground. The eggs are pale buffy white, unspotted, and measure .60 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>471. <span class="sc">Vermillion Flycatcher.</span> <i>Pyrocephalus rubinus mexicanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north regularly to southern Texas, Arizona and New Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/298b.png">
+<p>Buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is one of the most gaudy attired of all North American birds, being
+brownish gray on the back, wings and tail, and having a bright vermillion crown,
+crest and underparts. They are quite common in southern Texas, but far more
+abundant in the southern parts of Arizona. Their habits do not
+differ from those of other Flycatchers, they living almost exclusively
+upon insects. The majority of their nests can not be distinguished
+from those of the Wood Pewee, being covered with
+lichens and saddled upon limbs in a similar manner, but some
+lack the mossy ornamentation. Their three or four eggs are
+buffy, boldly blotched with dark brown and lavender, chiefly in a wreath about
+the middle of the egg; size .70 &times; .50. Data.--San Pedro River, Arizona, June 10,
+1899. Nest in the fork of a willow about 20 feet above the stream. Collector,
+O. W. Howard.</p>
+
+<p>472. <span class="sc">Beardless Flycatcher.</span> <i>Camptostoma imberbe.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Central America; north casually to the Lower Rio Grande in Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This strange little Flycatcher, several specimens of which have been taken in
+the vicinity of Lomita, Texas, is but 4.5 inches in length, grayish in color and
+has a short bill, the upper mandible of which is curved. It has all the habits
+peculiar to Flycatchers. Their eggs have not as yet been found as far as I can
+learn.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/298deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_297" id="Page_297"></a> 297
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>LARKS. Family ALAUDID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/299a.png">
+<p>Horned Lark.</p></div>
+
+<p>473. <span class="sc">Skylark.</span> <i>Alauda arvensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Old World, straggling casually to
+Greenland and Bermuda.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/299b.png">
+<p>Grayish.</p></div>
+
+<p>This noted foreigner has been imported and
+liberated a number of times in this country, but
+apparently is not able to
+thrive here, a fact which will
+not cause much regret when
+we remember the experiment
+with the English Sparrow.
+They are abundant in Europe
+and Great Britain where they
+nest on the ground in cultivated
+fields or meadows, laying from three to
+five grayish eggs, marked with brown, drab and
+lavender.</p>
+
+<p>474. <span class="sc">Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris alpestris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in
+Labrador and about Hudson Bay; winters in
+eastern United States south to Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>This variety of this much sub-divided species is 7.5 inches in length, has
+brownish gray upper parts and is white below with black patches on the breast
+and below the eye, yellowish throat and small black ear tufts. The various subspecies
+are all marked alike, their distinction being based upon slight differences
+in size, variations in the shade of the back, or the greater or less intensity
+of the yellowish throat and superciliary stripe. The nesting habits of all the
+varieties are the same and the eggs differ only in the shade of the ground color,
+this variation among the eggs of the same variety being so great that an egg
+cannot be identified without knowing the locality in which it was taken. The
+present variety build their nests on the ground generally under tufts of grass
+or in hollows in the moss which is found in their breeding range, making them
+of dried grasses and generally lining them with feathers. The eggs are grayish
+with a slight greenish tinge, and are specked and spotted over the whole surface
+with drab, brownish and dark lavender. The eggs of this and the next
+variety average considerably larger than those of the more southerly distributed
+varieties; size .92 &times; .65.</p>
+
+<p>474a. <span class="sc">Pallid Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris arcticola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in Alaska and winters south to Oregon and Montana.</p>
+
+<p>This is the largest of the Horned Larks and has the throat white, with no
+trace of yellow. Its nest is built in similar locations and the eggs are like
+those of the preceding species.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/299deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/299mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_298" id="Page_298"></a> 298
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/300ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/300a.png">
+<p>474c--474e--474f.</p></div>
+
+<p>474b. <span class="sc">Prairie Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris praticola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the Mississippi Valley from Illinois
+north to Manitoba and east to the Middle States; winters
+south to Carolina and Texas.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/300b.png">
+<p>Olive buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This sub-species is considerably smaller than the Horned
+Lark, and the throat is paler yellow, while the line over
+the eye and the forehead is white. They
+are the most abundant and have the
+most extended range of any of the better
+known species. In the Mississippi Valley,
+where they are of the most common
+of the nesting birds, they build on the
+ground in meadows or cultivated fields,
+and very often in cornfields; the nests
+are made of grasses and lined with horse hairs or feathers,
+and placed in slight hollows generally under a tuft of grass
+or sods. They raise two broods a season and sometimes
+three, laying the first set of eggs in March and another in
+June or July. The three or four eggs have an olive buff
+ground and are thickly sprinkled with drab and lavender;
+size .83 &times; .60.</p>
+
+
+<p>474c. <span class="sc">Desert Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris leucol&aelig;ma.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Plains of western United States, east of the Rockies and west of
+Kansas and Dakota; breeds north to Alberta, and winters south to Mexico,
+Texas and southern California.</p>
+
+<p>This species is like <i>praticola</i>, but paler on the back; nest and eggs the same.</p>
+
+<p>474d. <span class="sc">Texas Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris giraudi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of southeastern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>A pale variety like <i>leucol&aelig;ma</i>, but smaller; throat bright yellow, and breast
+tinged with yellow. Nest and eggs like those of the others.</p>
+
+<p>474e. <span class="sc">California Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris actia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California and southern California.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is similar to the last but the yellow areas are brighter, and the
+nape and back are ruddy.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/300c.png">
+<p>Olive buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>474f. <span class="sc">Ruddy Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris rubea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Ranges--Sacramento Valley, California.</p>
+
+<p>This variety has the yellow areas brighter than in any other
+and the back and nape are more ruddy. The eggs cannot be
+distinguished from those of the others.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/300deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_299" id="Page_299"></a> 299
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>474g. <span class="sc">Streaked Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris strigata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern United States (Washington, Oregon and northern California).</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the last, but with the back broadly streaked with black, the ruddy
+less intense and the underparts tinged with yellowish.</p>
+
+<p>474h. <span class="sc">Scorched Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris adusta.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico, north in summer to southern Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>This variety has the back and nape nearly a uniform pinkish ruddy with but
+little streaking.</p>
+
+<p>474i. <span class="sc">Dusky Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris merrilli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern United States and southern British Columbia, wintering
+south to central California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to <i>praticola</i> but slightly darker above.</p>
+
+<p>474j. <span class="sc">Sonora Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris pallida.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Gulf coast of northern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The upperparts of this variety are very pale pinkish brown.</p>
+
+<p>474k. <span class="sc">Hoyt's Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris hoyti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of British America, west of Hudson Bay and east of Alaska,
+south in winter in the interior of the United States to Kansas.</p>
+
+<p>Much larger than the last; equal in size and similar to <i>articola</i> but with the
+throat yellowish and the upperparts darker and brighter.</p>
+
+<p>474l. <span class="sc">Montezuma Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western New Mexico and eastern Arizona, south in winter to northern
+Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This variety has the upperparts pale brownish and not streaked; throat and
+forehead yellowish.</p>
+
+<p>474m. <span class="sc">Island Horned Lark.</span> <i>Otocoris alpestris insularis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Santa Barbara Islands, California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to <i>strigata</i> but darker. With the exception of the three large varieties
+of Horned Larks found north of our borders, neither the eggs nor, in most
+cases, the birds can be identified without the precise location where they were
+taken.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/301deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/301mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_300" id="Page_300"></a> 300
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/302ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<h2>CROWS, JAYS, MAGPIES, ETC. Family CORVID&AElig;.</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/302a.png">
+<p>Magpie.</p></div>
+
+<p>475. <span class="sc">Magpie.</span> <i>Pica pica hudsonia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America from the
+Great Plains to the Pacific and from Alaska
+to Arizona and New Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/302b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These large handsome birds have the entire
+head, neck and breast velvety black, abruptly
+defined against the
+white underparts.
+The back, wings and
+tail are greenish or
+bluish black, and the
+scapulars, white;
+length of bird 20
+inches. They are well
+known throughout
+the west, where their
+bold and thievish habits always excite comment.
+They nest in bushes and trees at low
+elevations from the ground, making a very
+large nest of sticks, with an opening on the
+side, and the interior is made of weeds and
+mud, lined with fine grasses; these nests often
+reach a diameter of three feet and are made of
+quite large sticks. During April or May, they lay from four to eight grayish
+white eggs, plentifully spotted with brown and drab. Size 1.25 x .90.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/302c.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>476. <span class="sc">Yellow-billed Magpie.</span> <i>Pica nuttalli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Middle parts of California, west of the
+Sierra Nevadas.</p>
+
+<p>This species is slightly smaller than the last and
+has a yellowish bill and lores, otherwise being precisely
+like the more common species. Their habits
+do not differ from those of the other, the nests are
+the same and the eggs are indistinguishable. Size
+1.25 x .88.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/302d.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_301" id="Page_3010"></a> 301
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/303.png"><br>
+NEST OF AMERICAN MAGPIE.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_302" id="Page_302"></a> 302
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/304.png"><br>
+YOUNG BLUE JAYS.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_303" id="Page_303"></a> 303
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/305a.png">
+<p>Blue Jay.</p></div>
+
+<p>477. <span class="sc">Blue Jay.</span> <i>Cyanocitta cristata cristata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains
+and north to Hudson Bay; resident and very
+abundant in its United States range.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/305b.png">
+<p>Greenish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>These beautiful and
+bold marauders are too
+well known to need description,
+suffice it to
+say that they are the
+most beautiful of North
+American Jays; but beneath
+their handsome
+plumage beats a heart
+as cruel and cunning as
+that in any bird of prey. In the fall, winter
+and spring, their food consists largely of
+acorns, chestnuts, berries, seeds, grain, insects,
+lizards, etc., but during the summer months
+they destroy and devour a great many eggs and
+young of the smaller birds, their taste for
+which, being so great that they are known to
+watch a nest until the full complement of eggs
+is laid before making their theft. They nest
+in open woods or clumps of trees, indifferently, in pines or young trees, building
+most often below twenty feet from the ground; the nests are made of twigs
+and rootlets, lined with fine rootlets. During May they lay from four to six
+eggs of a greenish buff color spotted with olive brown. Size 1.10 x .80.</p>
+
+<p>477a. <span class="sc">Florida Blue Jay.</span> <i>Cyanocitta cristata florincola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Florida and the Gulf coast.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits and eggs of this smaller sub-species are the same as those
+of the northern Blue Jay. Like our birds, they frequently nest near habitations.</p>
+
+<p>478. <span class="sc">Steller's Jay.</span> <i>Cyanocitta stelleri stelleri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from southern California to Alaska; resident and breeding
+throughout its range.</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/305c.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>All the members of this sub-species are similar in
+plumage, having a sooty black head, crest and neck,
+shading insensibly into dark bluish on the back and
+underparts, and brighter blue on the wings and tail.
+They usually have a few streaks or spots of pale blue on
+the forehead. They are just as noisy, bold and thievish
+as the eastern Jay and are also excellent mimics like
+the latter. They nest in fir trees at any height from the
+ground and in April or May deposit their three to six
+greenish blue eggs which are spotted with various
+shades of brown. Size 1.25 x .90. Their nests are more
+bulky than those of the eastern Jay and are usually made of larger sticks and
+held together with some mud.</p>
+
+
+<p>478a. <span class="sc">Blue-fronted Jay.</span> <i>Cyanocitta stelleri frontalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast ranges of California and Oregon.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits and eggs of this variety are indistinguishable from those
+of the preceding. The bird has more blue on the forehead.</p>
+
+<p>478b. <span class="sc">Long-crested Jay.</span> <i>Cyanocitta stelleri diademata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Rocky Mountains from Arizona to Wyoming.</p>
+
+<p>No general difference can be found between the eggs of this species and the
+Steller Jay, and the nests of each are constructed similarly and in like situations.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/305mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_304" id="Page_304"></a> 304
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/306.png"><br>
+YOUNG BLUE JAYS.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_305" id="Page_305"></a> 305
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/307.png"><br>
+BLUE JAY.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_306" id="Page_306"></a> 306
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/308ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/308a.png">
+<p>Florida Jay.</p></div>
+
+<p>478c. <span class="sc">Black-headed Jay.</span> <i>Cyanocitta stelleri annectens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Rocky Mountains from
+northern Colorado to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>The eggs of this sub-species cannot be identified
+from those of the other varieties. Like
+the others, their nests are made of sticks plastered
+together with mud and lined with weeds
+and rootlets.</p>
+
+<p>478d. <span class="sc">Queen Charlotte Jay.</span> <i>Cyanocitta stelleri carlott&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Queen Charlotte Islands, British
+Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>479. <span class="sc">Florida Jay.</span> <i>Aphelocoma cyanea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Locally distributed in Florida.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/308b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>All the birds of this genus have no crests or
+decided markings, are white or grayish below,
+and more or less intense blue above, with the back grayish
+or brownish blue. This species is 11.5 inches long, has a
+pale blue crown and a nearly white forehead. It has a very
+limited distribution, being confined chiefly to the coast districts
+of middle Florida, and very abundant in some localities
+and rare in adjoining ones. They build shallow structures
+of small sticks and weeds lined with fine rootlets and
+placed at low elevations in bushes or scrubby trees. The
+three or four eggs, which are laid in April or May are dull
+greenish blue, marked with olive brown. Size 1.00 x .80. Data.--Titusville,
+Fla., April 17, 1899. Nest of sticks in a scrub oak, five feet from the ground.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/308c.png">
+<p>480-487.</p></div>
+<p>480. <span class="sc">Woodhouse's Jay.</span> <i>Aphelocoma woodhousei.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States west of the Rockies and from
+Oregon and Wyoming to Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/308d.png">
+<p>Bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species has the crown and forehead bluish, and
+the underparts gray, streaked with bluish gray on the
+breast. It is also larger than the last, being 12 inches
+long. They are very abundant in
+the Great Basin between the Rockies
+and the Sierra Nevadas, breeding
+during April or May in scrubby
+trees or bushes at low elevations
+and generally near streams. They
+lay from three to five eggs of a
+dull bluish green color, spotted
+with umber and lilac gray. Size
+1.08 x .80. Data.--Iron County, Utah,
+May 3, 1897. 4 eggs. Nest of sticks and weeds in a small
+pine tree.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_307" id="Page_307"></a> 307
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>480.1. <span class="sc">Blue-eared Jay.</span> <i>Aphelocoma cyanotis.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/309a.png">
+<p>482--484a--485.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of Mexico north to the southern boundary
+of Texas.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits of this species are the same as those
+of the others of the genus and the eggs are similar but
+the markings are generally more prominent and larger.
+Size 1.10 &times; .80.</p>
+
+<p>480.2. <span class="sc">Texas Jay.</span> <i>Aphelocoma texana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southeastern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>It is not likely that the eggs of this species differ essentially
+from those of many of the others.</p>
+
+<p>481. <span class="sc">California Jay.</span> <i>Aphelocoma californica californica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of California and Washington.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/309b.png">
+<p>Bright bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is a very abundant species
+both about habitations and in low
+woodlands. They are very bold
+and familiar, stealing everything
+they may take a fancy to, and frequently
+robbing smaller birds of
+their eggs and young. They are said to be more tame
+and familiar than the eastern Blue Jay, thereby bringing
+their bad habits much more frequently to the attention
+of the masses. They nest most often in bushes or
+low trees, but not as a rule, far above the ground. Their eggs are a bright
+bluish green color, speckled and spotted with brownish and lavender. Size
+1.10 &times; .80.</p>
+
+<p>481a. <span class="sc">Xantus's Jay.</span> <i>Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The habits and nests and eggs of this lighter colored variety do not differ
+from those of the California Jay.</p>
+
+<p>481b. <span class="sc">Belding's Jay.</span> <i>Aphelocoma californica obscura.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--San Pedro Martir Mts. Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>A darker variety of the California Jay, whose nesting habits will not differ in
+any essential particular.</p>
+
+<p>481.1. <span class="sc">Santa Cruz Jay.</span> <i>Aphelocoma insularis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Santa Cruz Island, California.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/309c.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is the largest and darkest colored bird
+of the genus <i>Aphelocoma</i>. It is said to be a very abundant
+species on the island from which it takes its name,
+and to have the habits and traits common to all the
+members of the Jay family. The nesting habits are
+the same as those of the others, but the eggs are slightly
+larger, averaging 1.15 &times; .85.
+Set of three in the collection of John Lewis Childs, taken
+by R. H. Beck on May 10, 1897.</p>
+
+<p>482. <span class="sc">Arizona Jay.</span> <i>Aphelocoma sieberi arizon&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arizona and southwestern New Mexico south into Mexico.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/309mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_308" id="Page_308"></a> 308
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/310ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/310a.png">
+<p>Green Jay.</p></div>
+
+<p>482a. <span class="sc">Couch's Jay.</span> <i>Aphelocoma sieberi couchi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern Mexico, north to western Texas.</p>
+
+<p>483. <span class="sc">Green Jay.</span> <i>Xanthoura luxuosa glaucescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northeastern Mexico and the Lower
+Rio Grande Valley in Texas.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/310b.png">
+<p>Grayish buff.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome species has a bright blue
+crown and patches under
+the eyes, the rest of the
+upper parts being greenish;
+throat and sides of
+head black, underparts
+greenish white. This gaudy
+and noisy bird has all the
+habits common to other
+Jays including that of robbing
+birds' nests. They
+build generally in tangled
+thickets or low bushes, placing their nests at a low elevation and making them
+of twigs, weeds, moss, etc., lined with fine rootlets. Their four or five eggs,
+which are laid during April or May, are grayish buff in color, spotted with
+various shades of brown and lavender gray. Size 1.20 &times; .85.</p>
+
+<p>484. <span class="sc">Canada Jay.</span> <i>Perisoreus canadensis canadensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southeastern British Provinces and the adjacent portions of the
+United States; west to the Rockies.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/310d.png">
+<p>Grayish.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/310c.png">
+<p>Canada Jay.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is the bird that is well known to hunters of "big game" by various
+names such as "Whiskey Jack", "Moose Bird", "Camp Robber", etc. During
+the winter months, owing to the scarcity of food, their thieving
+propensities are greatly enhanced and they
+remove everything from the camps, which looks
+as though it might be edible. Birds of this
+genus are smoky gray
+on the back and lighter
+below, shading to white
+on the throat; the forehead
+and part of the
+crown is white and the
+nape blackish. Their
+nests are placed at low
+elevations in bushes or
+fir trees, and are usually
+very different from any of the preceding Jays'
+nests. They are nearly as high as wide, and
+are made of small twigs, moss, catkins, weeds
+and feathers making a soft spongy mass which
+is placed in an upright crotch. The eggs are
+a yellowish gray color spotted and blotched with
+brown and grayish. Size 1.15 &times; .80. Data.--Innisfail,
+Alberta, March 12, 1903. Nest a beautiful
+structure of twigs, moss and feathers in a
+willow bush, 6 feet from the ground. The thermometer
+registered 32 below zero the day the
+eggs were taken. Collector, W. Blackwood.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_309" id="Page_309"></a> 309
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>484a. <span class="sc">Rocky Mountain Jay.</span> <i>Perisoreus canadensis capitalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountains from Montana to Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>This variety has the whole crown white and only a small amount of blackish
+on the nape. Its nesting habits and eggs are precisely like those of the last.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/311.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF CANADA JAY SHOWING CONSTRUCTION.</p>
+
+<p>484b. <span class="sc">Alaska Jay.</span> <i>Perisoreus canadensis fumifrons.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>A very similar bird to the Canada Jay but with the forehead yellowish or
+duller; the nests and eggs are like those of the others of the genus.</p>
+
+<p>484c. <span class="sc">Labrador Jay.</span> <i>Perisoreus canadensis nigricapillus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Labrador.</p>
+
+<p>This is a darker variety of the Canada Jay. Its eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of any of the others of the genus.</p>
+
+<p>485. <span class="sc">Oregon Jay.</span> <i>Perisoreus obscurus obscurus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountain ranges from northern California to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>These birds are very similar to <i>canadensis</i> but have the whole underparts
+white. Like the Canada Jays they appear to be wholly fearless and pay little
+or no attention to the presence of mankind. Their nesting habits and eggs
+are the same as the preceding except that they have generally been found nesting
+near the tops of tall fir trees. Size of eggs, 1.05 &times; .80.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/311mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_310" id="Page_310"></a> 310
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/312.png"><br>
+YOUNG CROWS</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_311" id="Page_311"></a> 311
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>485a. <span class="sc">Gray Jay.</span> <i>Perisoreus obscurus griseus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--British Columbia to northern California, east of the coast ranges.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is said to be larger and grayer than the preceding.</p>
+
+<p>486. <span class="sc">Raven.</span> <i>Corvus corax sinuatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America west of the Rockies and from British Columbia
+southward.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/313a.png">
+<p>
+Pale greenish white.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>The Raven is like a very large Crow,
+length 24 inches, but has the feathers
+on the neck lengthened and stiffened.
+Their habits are similar to those of the
+Crow, but more dignified, and they
+remain mated for life. Besides grasshoppers
+and worms, they feed largely
+upon animal matter such as lizards,
+shell fish, frogs, eggs and young of
+birds, and carrion. They nest on
+ledges of high inaccessible cliffs or
+the tops of tall trees, making large
+nests of sticks lined with smaller ones
+and hair or wool; the eggs are laid in
+April or May, number from four to
+seven, and are light greenish in color,
+blotched with umber and drab. Size 1.95 &times; 1.25.</p>
+
+<p>486a. <span class="sc">Northern Raven.</span> <i>Corvus corax principalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America chiefly north of the United States and northwest
+to Alaska; south on some of the higher ranges to Georgia.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is like the last but is larger. They are not nearly as abundant
+as the western form and are very rare within the United States. A few pairs
+still breed on some of the rocky islands off the coast of Maine; more off New
+Brunswick and Newfoundland, and they are quite common on the cliffs of
+Labrador and Alaska. Their nesting habits and eggs are like those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>487. <span class="sc">White-necked Raven.</span> <i>Corvus cryptoleucus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and the border of the United States; north to eastern Kansas.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 250px"><img alt="" src="images/313b.png">
+<p>Pale bluish green.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>This small Raven is of about the size of
+the Crow, and has the bases of the neck
+feathers white. They are very abundant in
+some localities, especially in southern Arizona.
+Their food consists chiefly of animal
+matter, the same as the large Ravens, and
+they are not nearly as shy, frequently feeding
+in camps upon refuse which is thrown
+out to them. They build at low elevations
+in any tree, but preferably in mesquites,
+making their nests of sticks and lining them
+with hair, leaves, bark, wool or anything
+soft. During June they lay from four to six
+pale bluish green eggs, generally sparingly spotted or scratched with dark
+brown and drab. Size 1.75 &times; 1.20.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/313mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_312" id="Page_312"></a> 312
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/314ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/314a.png">
+<p>American Crow.
+American Raven.</p></div>
+
+<p>488. <span class="sc">Crow.</span> <i>Corvus brachyrhynchos brachyrhynchos.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America south of
+the Arctic Circle; most abundant in eastern
+United States; rare in many localities in the
+west.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/314b.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds, against which the hand of every
+farmer is uplifted, are very shy and cunning;
+as is well known, they nearly always post a
+sentinel in some tree top to keep watch while
+the rest of the flock is feeding in the field below.
+In the fall and winter, large numbers of them flock, and at night all roost
+in one piece of woods; some of the "crow roosts" are of vast extent and
+contain thousands of individuals.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/314c.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Crows nest
+near the tops of large trees, preferably pines,
+either in woods or single trees in fields. Their
+nests are made of sticks and lined with rootlets,
+and the eggs, which are laid in April or May,
+range from four to seven in number, are a bluish
+or greenish white, sparingly or very densely
+speckled, spotted and blotched with various shades
+of brown and lilac. Size 1.60 &times; 1.15.</p>
+
+
+<p>488a. <span class="sc">Florida Crow.</span> <i>Corvus brachyrhynchos pascuus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Florida.</p>
+
+<p>This variety has a slightly shorter tail and wings than the last.</p>
+
+<p>490. <span class="sc">Fish Crow.</span> <i>Corvus ossifragus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwest coast from Oregon to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This small Crow which is but 16 inches in length, is found only on the coast,
+where they feed upon shell fish and offal. They nest, as do the Ravens, either
+on ledges or in tree tops. The eggs resemble those of the common Crow, but
+are smaller. Size 1.55 &times; 1.05.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/314d.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>489. <span class="sc">Northwestern Crow.</span> <i>Corvus caurinus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf coasts, north
+in summer to Connecticut.</p>
+
+<p>From Virginia southward, this small Crow
+(length 16 inches) is more abundant on the coast
+than the common Crow which is often in company
+with this species. Their food consists of grain,
+berries, and animal matter. Their nesting habits
+are like those of the common Crow and the eggs
+are similar and have as great variations, but are
+smaller. Size 1.45 &times; 1.05.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_313" id="Page_313"></a> 313
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/315a.png">
+<p>Clarke's Nutcracker.</p></div>
+
+<p>491. <span class="sc">Clarke's Nutcracker.</span> <i>Nucifraga columbiana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of western North America
+from Mexico to Alaska.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/315b.png">
+<p>Grayish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Clarke Crow, as this bird is often known,
+is a common resident in most of its range. The
+adults are grayish with black wings and central
+tail feathers, the tips of the primaries and
+outer tail feathers being
+white. Their tail is short
+and their flight slow and
+somewhat undulating like
+that of some of the Woodpeckers.
+Their food consists
+of anything edible
+from seeds and larv&aelig; in
+the winter to insects, berries,
+eggs and young birds
+at other seasons. In the spring they retire to
+the tops of ranges, nearly to the limit of trees,
+where they build their large nests of sticks,
+twigs, weeds, strips of bark, and fibres matted
+together so as to form a soft round ball with a
+deeply cupped interior; the nest is located at
+from ten to forty feet from the ground in pine trees and the eggs are laid early
+before the snow begins to leave. They are three in number, grayish in color
+with a greenish tinge and finely spotted over the whole surface with dark
+brown and lavender. Size 1.30 &times; .90. Data.--Salt Lake Co., Utah, April 25,
+1900. Nest placed in pine 40 feet up on a horizontal branch, and not visible
+from below. The tree was at the upper edge of a pine forest at an altitude of
+about 3000 feet above Salt Lake City. The nest was discovered by seeing the
+parent fly into the tree; the next day a nest was found with three young nearly
+ready to fly. Collector, W. H. Parker. This set of three eggs is in the oological
+collection of Mr. C. W. Crandall.</p>
+
+<p>492. <span class="sc">Pinon Jay.</span> <i>Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/315c.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States between the Rockies
+and Sierra Nevadas, and from southern British Columbia
+to Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>This Crow-like Jay has a nearly uniform bluish plumage,
+and is found abundantly in the pine belts of its
+range. Their habits are similar to those of the Clarke
+Crow and the nests are similarly built at lower elevations
+in pines or junipers. During April or May they lay
+from three to five eggs of a bluish white color specked
+and spotted with brown. Size 1.20 &times; .85.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/315deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/315mr.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_314" id="Page_314"></a> 314
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/316ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/316a.png">
+<p>Starling.</p></div>
+<h2>STARLINGS. Family STURNID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>493. <span class="sc">Starling.</span> <i>Sturnus vulgaris.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/316b.png">
+<p>Bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--A European species which has casually
+been taken in Greenland. It was liberated
+a number of years ago in Central Park,
+New York City, and has
+now become abundant
+there and is spreading
+slowly in all directions.</p>
+
+<p>They build their nests
+in all sorts of locations
+such as are used by the
+English Sparrow, wherever
+they can find a
+sufficiently large crevice
+or opening; less often they build their nests
+in trees, making them of straw, twigs and
+trash. They lay from four to six pale bluish
+green eggs; size 1.15 &times; .85. Two broods are
+reared in a season.</p>
+
+<h2>BLACKBIRDS, ORIOLES, ETC. Family ICTERID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>494. <span class="sc">Bobolink.</span> <i>Dolichonyx oryzivorus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/316c.png">
+<p>Bobolink.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from New Jersey north to Nova
+Scotia and Manitoba, and west to Utah and Nevada; winters in South America.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/316d.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This black and white bird is well known in the east, where his sweet, wild
+music, often uttered on the wing, is much admired.
+He sings all day long during May and
+June to his Sparrow-like mate, who is sitting
+on her nest concealed in the
+meadow grass. They are
+quite sociable birds and several
+pairs often nest in the
+same field, generally a damp
+meadow; the nests are hollows
+in the ground, lined with
+grass and frequently with the top slightly arched
+to conceal the eggs, which are grayish white,
+clouded, spotted and blotched with brownish,
+gray and lilac; size .84 &times; .62. They number from
+four to six and are laid in June.</p>
+
+<p>495. <span class="sc">Cowbird.</span> <i>Molothrus ater ater.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America from the Atlantic
+to eastern California, and from New Brunswick
+and Manitoba southward; winters from the
+southern half of the United States southward.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_315" id="Page_315"></a> 315
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/317b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/317a.png">
+<p>Cowbird.</p></div>
+
+<p>These uncivilized members of the bird world
+build no nests for themselves, but slyly deposit
+their egg in the nest of some other bird from
+the size of a Robin down, probably the greater
+number being in Warblers
+and Sparrows nests; the
+eggs are hatched and the
+young cared for by the unfortunate
+birds upon which
+they are thrust. The eggs
+are white, spotted and
+speckled all over, more or
+less strongly with brown and yellowish brown;
+size .85 &times; .64.</p>
+
+<p>495a. <span class="sc">Dwarf Cowbird.</span> <i>Molothrus ater obscurus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States and
+Mexico, wintering south of our borders.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is like the last, but slightly
+smaller. The nesting habits of the two are
+identical and the eggs are indistinguishable.
+It is believed that Cowbirds do more damage to
+the smaller birds than all other dangers combined,
+as their young being larger and stronger
+either crowd or smother the other young or else starve them by getting most
+of the food brought to the nest.</p>
+
+<p>496. <span class="sc">Red-eyed Cowbird.</span> <i>Tangavius &aelig;neus involucratus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/317c.png">
+<p> Light blue-green.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico; north in summer to the Lower Rio
+Grande in Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This parasite is larger than the Cowbird, being 9 inches
+long, and is glossy black with brassy reflections on the
+upper and under parts. They are abundant in southern
+Texas where they deposit their eggs in the nests of other
+birds, apparently preferring those of Orioles; their eggs
+are pale bluish green, unmarked; size .90 &times; .70.</p>
+<br><br>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/317d.png">
+<p>Yellow-headed Blackbird.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>497. <span class="sc">Yellow-headed Blackbird.</span> <i>Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America west of the Mississippi
+to eastern California, breeding from the
+southern parts of the United States north to
+British Columbia and Hudson Bay and wintering
+from southern United States downward.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/317e.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This large handsome
+Blackbird with bright yellow
+head and breast is
+very abundant in some
+parts of the west, where
+they nest in large colonies
+in sloughs and marshes,
+being especially abundant
+in the Dakotas and Manitoba.
+The nests are made of strips of rushes,
+skillfully woven together and attached to upright
+cane near the surface of the water. They
+lay from four to six eggs having a grayish
+white ground color, finely specked and spotted
+with shades of brown and gray; size 1.00 &times; .70.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/317mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_316" id="Page_316"></a> 316
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/318ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/318a.png">
+<p>Red-winged Blackbird.</p></div>
+
+<p>498. <span class="sc">Red-winged Blackbird.</span> <i>Agelaius ph&oelig;niceus ph&oelig;niceus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Rockies
+and from the southern British Provinces southward
+to the Gulf; winter in southern United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/318b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds are familiar
+to every frequenter of the
+country, in their range;
+too familiar to many, for
+the enormous flocks do
+considerable damage to
+grain fields in the fall.
+They also do a great
+amount of good at other
+seasons in the destruction of injurious insects
+and weed seed. They breed from April in the
+southern parts of their range to May and June
+in the northern, making their nests of grasses,
+woven and twisted together and placing them
+in bushes in swamps or over water, and sometimes
+on the ground in clumps of grass. Their
+eggs are from three to five in number, bluish
+white boldly spotted, clouded or lined with blackish brown and purplish. Size
+1.00 &times; .70. The nests and eggs of the numerous sub-species are all precisely the
+same as those of this bird, so we will but enumerate the varieties and their
+range. To identify these varieties other than by their ranges will require
+micrometer calipers and the services of the men who separated them.</p>
+
+<p>498a. <span class="sc">Sonora Red-wing.</span> <i>Agelaius ph&oelig;niceus sonoriensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A slightly larger variety found in southern United States.</p>
+
+<p>498b. <span class="sc">Bahama Red-wing.</span> <i>Agelaius ph&oelig;niceus bryanti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Bahamas and southern Florida.</p>
+
+<p>This species has a slightly longer bill.</p>
+
+<p>498c. <span class="sc">Florida Red-wing.</span> <i>Agelaius ph&oelig;niceus floridanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Florida and Gulf coast.</p>
+
+<p>A smaller species with a longer bill.</p>
+
+<p>498d. <span class="sc">Thick-billed Red-wing.</span> <i>Agelaius ph&oelig;niceus fortis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the interior of British America; in winter south through
+the Plains to southwestern United States.</p>
+
+<p>498e. <span class="sc">San Diego Red-wing.</span> <i>Agelaius Ph&oelig;niceus neutralis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Great Basin between the Rockies and Sierra Nevadas, from British
+Columbia to Mexico, wintering in the southern parts of its range.</p>
+
+<p>498f. <span class="sc">Northwestern Red-wing.</span> <i>Agelaius ph&oelig;niceus caurinus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from California to British Columbia.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_317" id="Page_317"></a> 317
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/319a.png">
+<p>Meadowlark.</p></div>
+
+<p>499. <span class="sc">Bicolored Red-wing.</span> <i>Agelaius gubernator californicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast, west of the Sierra
+Nevadas, from Washington south to Lower
+California.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/319b.png">
+<p>Dull bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The males of this species
+are distinguished from
+those of the Red-wings by
+the absence of light margins
+to the orange red
+shoulders. They are fairly
+abundant in their restricted
+localities, building their
+nests in swamps about
+ponds and streams. The
+nests are like those of the Red-wings, and the
+eggs are similar and with the same great variations
+in markings, but average a trifle smaller;
+size .95 &times; .67.</p>
+
+<p>500. <span class="sc">Tricolored Red-wing.</span> <i>Agelaius tricolor.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of California and Oregon; rare east
+of the Sierra Nevadas.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/319c.png">
+<p>Dull bluish white.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>This species differs from the Red-wing in having the
+shoulders a much darker red and the median coverts white
+instead of buffy. Like the last species they have a limited
+range and are nowhere as common as are the Red-wings in
+the east. Their nests are like those of the Red-wings and
+the eggs are not distinguishable in their many variations,
+but they appear to be more often lined than those of the
+former.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/319d.png">
+<p>500--501.1.</p></div>
+
+<p>501. <span class="sc">Meadowlark.</span> <i>Sturnella magna magna.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains and north to
+Nova Scotia and Manitoba; winters from New England
+southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/319e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome dweller among our fields and meadows is
+frequently heard giving his high, pleasing, flute-like whistle
+with its variations; his beautiful
+yellow breast with its black
+crescent is not so frequently
+seen in life, for they are usually
+quite shy birds. They artfully
+conceal their nests on the ground
+among the tall grass of meadows,
+arching them over with dead
+grass. During May or June they
+lay from four to six white eggs,
+speckled over the whole surface with reddish brown and
+purplish; size 1.10 &times; .80.</p>
+
+<p>501a. <span class="sc">Rio Grande Meadowlark.</span> <i>Sturnella magna hoopesi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A brighter and slightly smaller variety found
+along the Mexican border.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/319mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_318" id="Page_318"></a> 318
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/320.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF MEADOWLARK.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_319" id="Page_319"></a> 319
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/321a.png">
+<p>Audubon Oriole.</p></div>
+
+<p>501.1. <span class="sc">Western Meadowlark.</span> <i>Sturnella neglecta.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America west of the Mississippi
+and from Manitoba and British Columbia
+southward, its range overlapping that of the
+eastern Meadowlark in the Mississippi Valley,
+but the two varieties appear not to intermingle.
+This variety is paler than the eastern, but the
+greatest point of difference is in the songs,
+they being wholly unlike, and that of the western
+bird much louder, sweeter and more varied
+than the simple whistle of the eastern form.
+The nesting habits of both varieties are the
+same and the eggs indistinguishable.</p>
+
+<p>501c. <span class="sc">Southern Meadowlark.</span> <i>Sturnella magna argutula.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Florida and the Gulf coast.</p>
+
+<p>A very similar bird to the northern form
+but slightly smaller and darker. There is no
+difference between the eggs of the two varieties.</p>
+
+<p>503. <span class="sc">Audubon's Oriole.</span> <i>Icterus melanocephalus auduboni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/321b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This large Oriole has a wholly black head, neck, fore breast, tail and wings;
+it is 9.5 inches in length. They are quite abundant and
+resident in southern Texas where they build at low elevations
+in trees, preferably mesquites, making the nests of
+woven grasses and hanging them from the small twigs of
+the trees; the nests are more like those of the Orchard
+Oriole and not long and pensile like those of the Baltimore.
+The three to five eggs are grayish white, blotched, clouded,
+spotted or streaked with brownish and purple. Size 1.00
+x .70. Data.--Brownsville, Texas, April 6, 1897. 5 eggs.
+Nest of threads from palmetto leaves, hanging from limb of mesquite, 10 feet
+above ground in the open woods. Collector, Frank B. Armstrong.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/321c.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/321mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_320" id="Page_320"></a> 320
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/322ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/322a.png">
+<p>Hooded Oriole.</p></div>
+<p>504. <span class="sc">Scott's Oriole.</span> <i>Icterus parisorum.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico north to the adjoining
+states; north to Nevada.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/322b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome black
+and yellow species does
+not appear to be abundant
+in any part of its range.
+Their nests are swung
+from the under side of
+leaves of the yucca palm
+or from small branches of
+low trees, and are made of grass and fibres.
+The eggs are bluish white, specked and blotched
+chiefly about the large end with blackish
+brown and lilac gray. Size .95 X .65. Data.--Chiricahua
+Mts., Arizona, June 5, 1900. Nest
+placed on the under side of a yucca palm leaf,
+being hung from the spines, about 4 feet from
+the ground. Altitude 7000 feet. Collector, O.
+W. Howard.</p>
+
+<p>505. <span class="sc">Sennett's Oriole.</span> <i>Icterus cucullatus sennetti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north in summer to the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/322c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is orange yellow except for the face, throat,
+fore back, wings and tail, which are black; the wings are
+crossed by two white bars. These handsome birds are the
+most abundant of the Orioles on the Lower Rio Grande,
+where their pure mellow whistle is heard at frequent intervals
+throughout the day. They generally build their nests
+in hanging moss from mesquite trees, turning up at the
+ends and lining the pocket with moss, or else make a
+shallow hanging nest of fibres and suspend it from yuccas.
+During May or June they lay from three to five eggs of a white color, spotted
+(rarely lined) with purplish brown and gray. Size .85 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>505a. <span class="sc">Arizona Hooded Oriole.</span> <i>Icterus cucullatus nelsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico; in summer north to southern Arizona, New Mexico
+and California.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is like the last but more yellowish. Their nests are made of a
+wiry grass compactly woven together and partially suspended to mistletoe twigs
+growing from cottonwood trees; nests of this type are perfectly distinct from
+those of the preceding, but when they are made of fibre and attached to yuccas,
+they cannot be distinguished from nests of the former variety. Their eggs are
+similar to those of the Hooded Oriole, but generally more strongly marked and
+usually with some zigzag lines. Size .85 &times; .60.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/322deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_321" id="Page_321"></a> 321
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/323a.png">
+<p>Arizona Hooded Oriole.</p></div>
+
+<p>506. <span class="sc">Orchard Oriole.</span> <i>Icterus spurius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, east of the Plains,
+breeding from the Gulf to southern New England,
+and Canada in the interior. Winters beyond
+our borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/323b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The adult male of this species
+is a rich chocolate brown
+and black, it requiring three
+years to attain this plumage.
+They nest commonly about
+habitations in their range,
+usually preferring orchard
+trees for sites. Their nests
+are skillfully woven baskets
+of fresh grasses, about as high as wide; they
+are generally placed in upright forks and well
+concealed by drooping leaves. They lay from
+four to six bluish white eggs, spotted and
+blotched with brown and lavender. Size .80 &times;
+.55. Data.--Avery's Island, La., May 10, 1896.
+Nest of grass, lined with thistledown; semi-pensile
+in drooping twigs of a willow. Collector,
+F. A. McIlhenny.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/323c.png">
+<p>Baltimore Oriole.</p></div>
+
+<p>507. <span class="sc">Baltimore Oriole.</span> <i>Icterus galbula.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Rockies, breeding from southern United
+States north to New Brunswick and Saskatchewan.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/323d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This beautiful and well known eastern Oriole
+can readily be identified by its orange flame
+color and entirely black head. Even better
+known than the birds, are the pensile nests
+which retain their positions on the swaying
+drooping branches all
+through the winter. Although
+they build in
+many other trees, elms
+seem to be their favorites.
+Their nests are
+made of plant fibres and
+frequently string, and
+often reach a length of
+about 10 inches and
+about half that in diameter; they are usually
+attached to drooping branches by the rim so
+that they rock to and fro, but are sometimes
+held more firmly in position by having their
+side bound to a branch. Their eggs, which are
+laid in May and June, are white, streaked and
+lined with blackish brown and grayish. Size
+.90 &times; .60.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/323mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_322" id="Page_322"></a> 322
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/324ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/324a.png">
+<p> Rusty Blackbird<br>
+Brewster's Blackbird.</p></div>
+<p>508. <span class="sc">Bullock's Oriole.</span> <i>Icterus bullocki.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, west of the Plains
+and from British Columbia southward, wintering
+in Mexico.</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/324b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome species
+is as abundant in the west
+as the Baltimore Oriole is
+in the east, and breeds
+throughout its United
+States range. Their nests
+are similarly made and in
+similar locations, and the
+eggs are hardly distinguishable
+from those of the preceding, but the
+ground color is generally of a pale bluish white
+tint and the markings are usually finer, the
+lines running around the eggs and often making
+a very handsome wreath about the large
+end. Size of eggs, .94 &times; .62.</p>
+
+<p>509. <span class="sc">Rusty Blackbird.</span> <i>Euphagus carolinus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains, breeding from northern New England
+and the Adirondacks northward; winters in southern United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/324c.png">
+<p>Bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>But few of these birds breed within our borders, the majority
+of them passing on to the interior of Canada. They
+generally nest in pairs, or at the most three or four pairs
+in a locality, building their large substantial nests of moss,
+twigs and grass, lined with fine green grass; this structure
+is situated in bushes or low trees in swampy places and at
+from 3 to 20 feet from the ground. The eggs are laid in
+May or June; they vary from three to five in number, of a
+pale bluish green color, spotted, blotched and clouded with
+shades of brown and gray. Size .96 &times; .71.</p>
+
+<p>510. <span class="sc">Brewer's Blackbird.</span> <i>Euphagus cyanocephalus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America west of the Plains, and from British Columbia and
+Saskatchewan southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/324d.png">
+<p>Dull white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This western representative of the preceding is of about
+the same size (10 inches long), but differs in having a
+purplish head and greenish black body. They nest abundantly
+throughout their range either in bushes or trees at
+low elevations or upon the ground; the nests are made of
+sticks, rootlets and grasses, lined with finer grass and
+moss, and the eggs, which are very variable, are dull
+whitish, clouded and blotched with brownish and streaked
+with blackish. Size 1.00 &times; .75.</p><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/324deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_323" id="Page_323"></a> 323
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/325a.png">
+<p>Purple Grackle.<br>
+Bronzed Grackle.</p></div>
+<p>511. <span class="sc">Purple Grackle.</span> <i>Quiscalus quiscula quiscula.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/325b.png">
+<p>Dull greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States from the Gulf
+to Massachusetts; winters along the Gulf.</p>
+
+<p>This species, which is
+commonly known as Crow
+Blackbird, nests in trees
+or bushes anywhere in its
+range, and on the coast
+frequently constructs its
+nests among the large
+sticks of Ospery nests.
+Large pines appear to be
+favorite sites for them to
+locate their large nests of twigs, weeds, grass
+and trash. They are placed at any elevation
+from nearly on the ground to 50 feet above it.
+The eggs range from three to five and are
+greenish white, splashed, spotted and scrawled
+with various shades of brown and gray, and
+with streaks of black. Size 1.10 &times; .80. The
+nesting habits and eggs of the sub-species of
+this Grackle do not differ in any particular. Like those of this variety the eggs
+show an endless number of patterns of markings.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/325c.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>511a. <span class="sc">Florida Grackle.</span> <i>Quiscalus quiscula agl&aelig;us.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States.</p>
+
+<p>A smaller variety of the preceding; length about 11
+inches. Eggs indistinguishable.</p>
+
+<p>511b. <span class="sc">Bronzed Grackle.</span> <i>Quiscalus quiscula &aelig;neus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Rockies, breeding
+from the Gulf to Hudson Bay and Labrador. Winters
+in the southern parts of the United States. This is the most common and
+widely distributed of the Crow Blackbirds and is distinguished by the brassy
+color of the upper parts.</p>
+
+<p>513. <span class="sc">Boat-tailed Grackle.</span> <i>Megaquiscalus major major.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States; north to Virginia.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/325d.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome bird measures about 16 inches in
+length, is iridescent with purplish and greenish, and
+has a very long, graduated and hollowed tail. These
+Grackles are very abundant residents along the Gulf,
+breeding in large colonies in swamps, placing their
+nests of weeds, moss, grasses, etc., in bushes, trees,
+canes or rushes, but a few inches above the water, while
+those in trees are sometimes 50 feet above the ground.
+The eggs are laid in March, April or May, are from
+three to five in number, and are a dull bluish or grayish
+white, streaked, lined, clouded and blotched with brown, black and gray; size
+1.25 &times; .95.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/325mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_324" id="Page_3240"></a> 324
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/326ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/326a.png">
+<p>Evening Grosbeak.</p></div>
+<p>513a. <span class="sc">Great-tailed Grackle.</span> <i>Megaquiscalus major macrourus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico to southern and eastern Texas.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 400px"><img alt="" src="images/326b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This variety is larger than the last (length
+18 inches) and the tail is very broad and flat.
+Like the former, they nest in bushes, rushes or
+trees at any elevation from the ground. The
+nests are built of the same materials and the
+eggs are similar to those of the Boat-tailed
+Grackle, but larger; size 1.28 &times; .88.</p>
+
+<h2>FINCHES, SPARROWS, ETC. Family FRINGILLD&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>514. <span class="sc">Evening Grosbeak.</span> <i>Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina.</i></p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/326c.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States in the Rocky Mountain region; north to Saskatchewan;
+south in winter to Mississippi Valley and casually
+east to New England and the intermediate states.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/326d.png">
+<p>Pine Grosbeak.</p></div>
+
+<p>These are dull and yellowish birds, shading to brownish
+on the head; with a bright yellow forehead and susperciliary
+line, black wings and tail, and white inner secondaries
+and greater coverts. They breed in the mountainous portions
+of their range, placing their flat nests of sticks and
+rootlets in low trees or
+bushes. The eggs are laid in May or June and
+are greenish white spotted and blotched with
+brown; size .90 &times; .65.</p>
+
+<p>514a. <span class="sc">Western Evening Grosbeak.</span> <i>Hesperiphona vespertina montana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, breeding in
+the mountains from New Mexico to British
+Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits and eggs of this variety
+are the same as those of the preceding, and the
+birds can rarely be separated.</p>
+
+<p>515. <span class="sc">Pine Grosbeak.</span> <i>Pinicola enucleator leucura.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding
+from northern New England northward, and
+wintering to southern New England and Ohio
+and casually farther.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_325" id="Page_325"></a> 325
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/327a.png">
+<p>Purple Finch.</p></div>
+<p> They build in conifers making their nests of small twigs and rootlets,
+lined with fine grasses and lichens. During the
+latter part of May or June they lay three or
+four eggs, which have a
+ground color of light
+greenish blue, spotted and
+splashed with dark brown,
+and with fainter markings
+of lilac. Size 1.00 &times; .70.
+Pine Grosbeaks have been
+separated into the following
+sub-species, the chief
+distinction between them being in their
+ranges. The nesting habits and eggs of all
+are alike.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/327b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>515a. <span class="sc">Rocky Mountain Pine Grosbeak.</span> <i>Pinicola enucleator montana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region from New
+Mexico to Montana.</p>
+
+<p>515b. <span class="sc">California Pine Grosbeak.</span> <i>Pinicola enucleator californica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Higher parts of the Sierra Nevadas in California.</p>
+
+<p>515c. <span class="sc">Alaska Pine Grosbeak.</span> <i>Pinicola enucleator alascensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of Northwest America from Alaska south to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>515d. <span class="sc">Kadiak Pine Grosbeak.</span> <i>Pinicola enucleator flammula.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Kadiak Island and the southern coast of Alaska.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/327c.png">
+<p>515b--517a.</p></div>
+
+<p>516. <span class="sc">Cassin's Bullfinch.</span> <i>Pyrrhula cassini.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Asia; accidental in Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>517. <span class="sc">Purple Finch.</span> <i>Carpodacus purpureus purpureus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the plains, breeding
+from the Middle States north to Labrador and Hudson Bay;
+winters in the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/327d.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>These sweet songsters are quite abundant
+in New England in the summer, but
+more so north of our borders. While
+they breed sometimes in trees, in orchards,
+I have nearly always found their
+nests in evergreens, usually about three-fourths
+of the way up. The nests are
+made of fine weeds and grasses and lined
+with horse hair. The eggs, which are usually laid in June,
+are greenish blue, spotted with dark brownish; size
+.85 &times; .65.</p>
+
+<p>517a. <span class="sc">California Purple Finch.</span> <i>Carpodacus purpureus californicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast, breeding from central California
+to British Columbia and wintering throughout California.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits and eggs of this darker colored
+variety are just like those of the last.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/327mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_326" id="Page_326"></a> 326
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/328ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/328a.png">
+<p>518--519.</p></div>
+
+<p>518. <span class="sc">Cassin's Purple Finch.</span> <i>Carpodacus cassini.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America west of the Rockies, breeding
+from British Columbia south to New Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/328b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the last but
+the back, wings and tail are darker and
+the purplish color of the preceding species
+is replaced by a more pinkish shade.
+The nesting habits and eggs are the
+same as those of the eastern Purple
+Finch; size of eggs .85 &times; .60. Data.--Willis,
+New Mexico, June 23, 1901. Nest made of twigs
+and rootlets and lined with horse hair. Collector, F. J.
+Birtwell.</p>
+
+<p>519. <span class="sc">House Finch.</span> <i>Carpodacus mexicanus frontalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States west of the Plains and from
+Oregon and Wyoming to Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/328c.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is one of the best known of western
+birds, and nests commonly in all situations
+from trees and bushes to vines growing on
+porches. Their nests are made of rootlets
+and grasses and are lined with horse hair.
+Their nesting season includes all the summer
+months, they raising two and sometimes
+three broods a season. The three to five eggs are pale greenish blue with a few
+sharp blackish brown specks about the large end. Size .80 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>519b. <span class="sc">San Lucas House Finch.</span> <i>Carpodacus mexicanus ruberrimus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California. A slightly smaller variety of the preceding.</p>
+
+<p>519c. <span class="sc">San Clemente House Finch.</span> <i>Carpodacus mexicanus clematis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--San Clemente and Santa Barbara Islands. Somewhat darker than
+the last.</p>
+
+<p>520. <span class="sc">Guadalupe Finch.</span> <i>Carpodacus amplus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Guadalupe Island, Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the House Finch, but deeper red and slightly larger. Their nesting
+habits and eggs are precisely like those of the House Finch but the eggs
+average larger; size .85 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>520.1. <span class="sc">Mcgregor's House Finch.</span> <i>Carpodacus mcgregori.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--San Benito Island, Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>A newly made species, hardly to be distinguished from the last. Eggs probably
+the same.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/328deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_327" id="Page_327"></a> 327
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/329a.png">
+<p>Crossbill.</p></div>
+
+<p>521. <span class="sc">Crossbill.</span> <i>Loxia curvirostra minor.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern North America, breeding
+in the Alleghanies and from northern New
+England northward; winters south to the middle
+portions of the United States and casually
+farther.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/329b.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The birds are very curious
+both in appearance and
+actions, being very "flighty"
+and restless, and apt to remain
+to breed on any of the
+mountains. They build during
+March or April, making
+their nests of twigs, rootlets,
+moss, feathers, etc., and placing them in forks
+or on branches of trees (usually conifers) at
+any height from the ground. The eggs are
+greenish white, spotted with brown and with
+lavender shell markings; size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>521a. <span class="sc">Mexican Crossbill.</span> <i>Loxia curvirostra stricklandi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountain ranges from central Mexico north to Wyoming.</p>
+
+<p>A larger variety of the preceding. The eggs will not differ except perhaps
+a trifle in size.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/329c.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>522. <span class="sc">White-winged Crossbill.</span> <i>Loxia leucoptera.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern North America, breeding in the Alleghanies
+and from northern Maine northward; winters to
+middle portions of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This species is rosy red with two white wing bars. Like
+the last, they are of a roving disposition and are apt to
+be found in any unexpected locality. Their nesting habits
+are the same as those of the American Crossbill, but the
+eggs average larger and the
+markings are more blotchy; size .80 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/329d.png">
+<p>White-winged Crossbill.</p></div>
+
+<p>523. <span class="sc">Aleutian Rosy Finch.</span> <i>Leucosticte griseonucha.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Aleutian and Pribilof Islands; south
+to Kadiak.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/329e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is the largest of the genus, and can
+be distinguished from the others by its very
+dark chestnut coloration and the gray hindneck
+and cheeks. Like the other
+Leucostictes, they are
+found in flocks and frequent
+rocky or mountainous
+country, where they
+are nearly always found
+on the ground. They build
+in crevices among the
+rocks or under ledges or
+embankments, making the
+nest of weeds and grasses. Their four or five
+pure white eggs are laid during June. Size
+.97 &times; .67. Data.--St. George Islands of the</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/329mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_328" id="Page_328"></a> 328
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/330ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/330a.png">
+<p>523--524--524a.</p></div>
+<p>524. <span class="sc">Gray-crowned Rosy Finch.</span> <i>Leucosticte tephrocotis tephrocotis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region from Saskatchewan
+south to northern United States and also
+breeding in the Sierra Nevadas; winters
+on the lowlands of northwestern United
+States and east to Manitoba.</p>
+
+<p>The habits and breeding habits of this
+species are like those of the last. The
+bird is paler colored and the gray is restricted
+to the hind part of the head.
+They nest on the ground in June, laying
+four or five white eggs.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/330b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>524a. <span class="sc">Hepburn Rosy Finch.</span> <i>Leucosticte tephrocotis littoralis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Higher ranges from Washington and British
+Columbia to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is like the Aleutian Leucosticte but the
+brown is a great deal paler. The nesting habits and eggs
+are, in all probability, like those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>525. <span class="sc">Black Rosy Finch.</span> <i>Leucosticte atrata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region of northern United States; known to breed
+in Idaho.</p>
+
+<p>This species is black in place of the brown of the others; the gray is restricted
+to the hind part of the head and the rosy is rather more extensive on the
+wings. Their eggs probably cannot be distinguished from those of the Gray-crowned
+variety.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/330c.png">
+<p>525--526.</p></div>
+
+<p>526. <span class="sc">Brown-capped Rosy Finch.</span> <i>Leucosticte australis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds at high altitudes in the Rockies in Colorado;
+south to New Mexico in winter.</p>
+
+<p>A similar bird to the Gray-crowned Leucosticte but with
+no gray on the head. They nest on the ground above
+timber line on the higher ranges of the Rockies.</p>
+
+<p>527. <span class="sc">Greenland Redpoll.</span> <i>Acanthis hornemanni hornemanni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Greenland and northern Europe; south in winter
+to Labrador.</p>
+
+<p>This large Redpoll nests at low elevations in trees and
+bushes, its habits and eggs being similar to the more common
+American species.</p>
+
+<p>527a. <span class="sc">Hoary Redpoll.</span> <i>Acanthis hornemanni exilipes.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the Arctic regions and winters south
+to the northern parts of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is smaller than the last and is considerably
+darker but still retains the white rump of the Greenland
+Redpoll. Its nesting habits are the same as those of the
+next.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_329" id="Page_329"></a> 329
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/331a.png">
+<p>Redpoll.</p></div>
+<p>528. <span class="sc">Redpoll.</span> <i>Acanthis linaria linaria.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds within the Arctic Circle;
+winters south to New York, Kansas and northern
+California and casually farther.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/331b.png">
+<p>Bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the last but much
+darker, and the rump is also streaked with
+blackish. These handsome birds are often met
+with in winter, feeding on seeds
+of the weed stems that project
+above the snow. Their flight
+and song is similar to that of the
+Goldfinch or Pine Siskin. They
+nest at low elevations, either in
+trees or bushes. The eggs number
+from three to six and are pale bluish, sparingly
+specked with reddish brown. Size .65 &times;
+.50. Data.--Mouth of Great Whale River, Hudson
+Bay, May 16, 1899. Nest in a willow 4 feet
+from the ground; made of fine rootlets and
+grass, lined with feathers. Collector, A. P.
+Lowe.</p>
+
+<p>528a. <span class="sc">Holboll's Redpoll.</span> <i>Acanthis linaria holb&oelig;lli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arctic regions; south casually to the border of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>A slightly larger variety of the common Redpoll. Eggs probably not distinguished.</p>
+
+<p>528b. <span class="sc">Greater Redpoll.</span> <i>Acanthis linaria rostrata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in southern Greenland; in winter south through Labrador to
+the northern border of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/331c.png">
+<p>Goldfinch.</p></div>
+
+<p>This variety is larger and darker than the common Redpoll. It has been
+found breeding abundantly in southern Greenland, where its nesting habits are
+the same as those of the Redpoll and the eggs
+similar but averaging a trifle larger.</p>
+
+<p>529. <span class="sc">Goldfinch.</span> <i>Astragalinus tristis tristis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Rockies,
+and from Labrador and Manitoba southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/331d.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These beautiful birds are
+among our sweetest songsters
+from May until September.
+They are resident
+throughout their United States
+range, where they breed in
+August or early in September,
+being one of the latest nesting birds that
+we have. Their nests are located in bushes, at
+a height of generally below fifteen feet above
+the ground, being placed in upright forks, and
+made of plant fibres and thistle down, firmly
+woven together. They lay from three to six
+plain bluish white eggs. Size .65 &times; .50. The majority
+of nests that I have found have been in
+alders over small streams.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/331mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_330" id="Page_330"></a> 330
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/332.png"><br>
+AMERICAN GOLDFINCH.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_331" id="Page_331"></a> 331
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>529a. <span class="sc">Pale Goldfinch.</span> <i>Astragalinus tristis pallidus.</i></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/333a.png">
+<p>529a--529b--530.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountains from Mexico to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is slightly larger and (in winter) paler than
+the last.</p>
+
+<p>529b. <span class="sc">Willow Goldfinch.</span> <i>Astragalinus tristis salicamans.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from Washington to Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the eastern Goldfinch but back said to be
+slightly greenish yellow.</p>
+
+<p>530. <span class="sc">Arkansas Goldfinch.</span> <i>Astragalinus psaltria psaltria.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, west of the Plains and from Oregon
+to Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/333b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species has greenish upper parts and
+yellow below; the crown, wings and tail are
+black, the bases of the lateral tail feathers
+and primaries being whitish. They are common
+in portions of their range, nesting in similar locations to
+those chosen by the common Goldfinch and laying from three to
+five eggs which are similar but slightly smaller. Size .60 &times; .45. Data.--Riverside,
+California, May 20, 1891. 5 eggs. Nest made of fine grasses lined with
+cotton; 5 feet from the ground in a small tree.</p>
+
+<p>530a. <span class="sc">Green-backed Goldfinch.</span> <i>Astragalinus hesperophilus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico north to the Lower Rio Grande in southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>A similar bird to the last but with the entire upper parts and cheeks, black.
+The habits, nests and eggs are identical with those of the Arkansas Goldfinch.</p>
+
+<p>531. <span class="sc">Lawrence's Goldfinch.</span> <i>Astragalinus lawrencei.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of California, wintering along the Mexican border.</p>
+
+<p>This grayish colored Goldfinch has a black face and yellow breast, rump,
+wing coverts and edges of the primaries. They are quite common in their
+restricted range, nesting either in upright crotches or in the forks of horizontal
+limbs. The four or five eggs which they lay are pure white; size .60 &times; .45.
+Data.--Santa Monica Canyon, Cal., April 26, 1903. Nest in a cypress tree 12
+feet up; composed of grasses, feathers, etc. Collector, W. Lee Chambers.</p>
+
+<p>532. <span class="sc">Black-headed Goldfinch.</span> <i>Spinus notatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountainous regions of Central America and southern Mexico;
+accidental in the United States.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+
+<p><img alt="" src="images/333mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_332" id="Page_332"></a> 332
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/334ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/334a.png">
+<p>Pine Siskin.</p></div>
+
+<p>533. <span class="sc">Pine Siskin.</span> <i>Spinus pinus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds from northern United States
+northward, in the Alleghanies and in the Rockies
+south to New Mexico. Winters throughout
+the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/334b.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Siskins are of the size of the Goldfinch (5
+inches long), and their calls, songs and habits
+are similar to those of this bird. Their plumage
+is grayish brown, streaked with dusky and
+the bases of the wings and tail feathers are
+yellow. Like the Crossbills,
+they frequently feed along our
+northern borders, but very sporadically.
+Their nests are built
+on horizontal branches of pines
+or cedars at any elevation from
+the ground, being made of
+grasses and rootlets lined with hair or pine
+needles, and of rather frail and flat construction.
+Their eggs are laid during May or June
+and are greenish white, specked with reddish
+brown; size .68 &times; .48. Data.--Hamilton Inlet,
+Labrador, June 17, 1898. Nest on branch of a spruce, 10 feet from the ground;
+made of grass, lined with moss and feathers. Collector, L. Dicks.</p>
+
+<p>534. <span class="sc">Snow Bunting.</span> <i>Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the Arctic regions, and winters irregularly in large flocks
+through the United States to Oregon, Kansas
+and Georgia.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/334d.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/334c.png">
+<p>Snowflake.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds are only seen in the United
+States in large roving flocks,
+during the winter when they
+feed on weed seeds on side
+hills. Their nests are built
+on the ground, being sunk
+into the sphagnum moss, and
+made of grasses lined with
+feathers. Their four or five
+eggs are a light greenish white, spotted and
+splashed with yellowish brown and lilac. Size
+.90 &times; .65.</p>
+
+<p>
+534a. <span class="sc">Pribilof Snow Bunting.</span> <i>Plectrophenax nivalis townsendi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pribilof and Aleutian Islands, Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>A slightly larger variety which is resident
+on the islands in its range. Eggs like those
+of the preceding; laid from May to July.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_333" id="Page_333"></a> 333
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>535. <span class="sc">McKay's Snow Bunting.</span> <i>Pletrophenax hyperboreus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Alaska; known to breed on Hall's Island.</p>
+
+<p>This beautiful species is, in summer, entirely white except for the tips of the
+primaries and a black spot on end of central tail feathers, thus being very distinct
+from the preceding, which has the back and the wings to a greater extent
+black, at this season. Their eggs probably very closely resemble those of the
+last species.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/335a.png">
+<p>Grayish.</p></div>
+
+<p>536. <span class="sc">Lapland Longspur.</span> <i>Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in northern North America; winters south
+casually to New York, Ohio and Oregon and occasionally farther.</p>
+
+<p>These sparrow-like birds are 6.5 inches long and have a black
+crown, cheeks and throat, and chestnut band on nape. Like the
+Snowflakes they nest on the ground in moss, but the four to six
+eggs that they lay are grayish, heavily mottled and blotched with
+chocolate brown; size .80 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>536a. <span class="sc">Alaska Longspur.</span> <i>Calcarius lapponicus alascensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwest North America, breeding in Alaska; winter south to Oregon.
+This sub-species is like the last but slightly paler. Eggs indistinguishable.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/335b.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF GOLDFINCH.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/335mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_334" id="Page_334"></a> 334
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/336ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/336a.png">
+<p>Smith's Longspur.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>537. <span class="sc">Smith's Longspur.</span> <i>Calcarius pictus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in Hudson Bay and Mackenzie
+River districts and winters south to
+Texas chiefly on the Plains.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/336b.png">
+<p>Grayish.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is of the size
+of the last but is a rich buff
+color below, and the other
+markings are very different.
+These birds together with
+the next species are very
+common on the prairies in
+central United States in winter.
+They nest on the ground like the preceding
+species but the nests are scantily made of
+grasses and not warmly lined like those of the
+last. The eggs are similar but paler; size .80
+&times; .60. Data.--Herschell Island, Arctic Ocean,
+June 10, 1901. Nest built in a tuft of grass;
+made of fine roots and grass, lined with feathers.</p>
+
+<p>538. <span class="sc">Chestnut-collared Longspur.</span> <i>Calcarius ornatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Plains in the interior of North America, breeding from Kansas north
+to Saskatchewan; very abundant in the Dakotas and Montana.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/336c.png">
+<p>Dull white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome species in the breeding plumage has the
+throat white, breast and belly black, and a chestnut collar on
+the nape. They are one of the most abundant breeding birds
+on the prairies, nesting in hollows on the ground either in the
+open or protected by a tuft of grass. The nests are made of
+grasses and sometimes moss; three or four eggs laid in June
+or July; white, blotched, lined
+and obscurely marked with
+brown and purplish; size .75 x .55.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/336d.png">
+<p>Chestnut-collared Longspur.</p></div>
+
+<p>539. <span class="sc">McCown's Longspur.</span> <i>Rhynchophanes mccowni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Great Plains, breeding from Kansas
+to the Saskatchewan.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/336e.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Longspur which breeds in company with
+the preceding, throughout its range, can be distinguished
+from it by the
+small black patch on the
+breast, the black crown, and
+chestnut wing coverts. Their
+nesting habits are the same,
+and at this season all the
+Longspurs have a sweet song
+often uttered during flight,
+like that of the Bobolink. Their eggs are of the
+same size and similarly marked as the last, but
+the ground color is more gray or olive.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_335" id="Page_335"></a> 335
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/337a.png">
+<p>McCown's Longspur.</p></div>
+<p>540. <span class="sc">Vesper Sparrow.</span> <i>Po&oelig;cetes gramineus gramineus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from
+Virginia and Missouri north to Manitoba and
+New Brunswick; winters in the southern half
+of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/337b.png">
+<p>Whitish.</p></div>
+
+<p>A streaked grayish, buffy
+and white bird distinguished
+by its chestnut shoulders and
+white outer tail feathers.
+They are abundant birds in
+eastern fields where their
+loud piping whistle is known
+to many frequenters of weedy
+pastures. They build on the ground, either
+in grassy or cultivated fields, lining the hollow
+scantily with grasses. Their four or five eggs
+are usually laid in May or June; they are dull
+whitish, blotched and splashed with light
+brown and lavender tints; size .80 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>540a. <span class="sc">Western Vesper Sparrow.</span> <i>Po&oelig;cetes gramineus confinis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This paler variety is found in North America west of the Plains and
+south of Saskatchewan.</p>
+
+<p>Its nesting habits are like those of the preceding and the eggs are indistinguishable.</p>
+
+<p>540b. <span class="sc">Oregon Vesper Sparrow.</span> <i>Po&oelig;cetes gramineus affinis.</i></p>
+
+<p>A browner variety found on the coast of Oregon and northern California.</p>
+
+<p>Its nesting habits are like those of the eastern bird and the eggs similar but
+averaging a trifle smaller.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/337c.png">
+<p>Vesper Sparrow.</p></div>
+
+<p>* * * <span class="sc">English Sparrow.</span> <i>Passer domesticus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/337d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds, which were imported from
+Europe, have increased so rapidly that they
+have overrun the cities and villages of the country
+and are doing inestimable damage both by
+driving out native insect
+eating birds and by their
+own destructiveness. They
+nest in all sorts of places
+but preferably behind
+blinds, where their unsightly
+masses of straw
+protrude from between the
+slats, and their droppings besmirch the buildings
+below; they breed at all seasons of the
+year, eggs having often been found in January,
+with several feet of snow on the ground and
+the mercury below zero. The eggs number from
+four to eight in a set and from four to eight
+sets a season; the eggs are whitish, spotted
+and blotched with shades of gray and black.
+Size .88 &times; .60.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/337mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_336" id="Page_336"></a> 336
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/338.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF VESPER SPARROW.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_337" id="Page_337"></a> 337
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/339a.png">
+<p>Savannah Sparrow.</p></div>
+<p>541. <span class="sc">Ipswich Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerculus princeps.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds on Sable Island, off Nova
+Scotia; winters on coast of South Atlantic
+States. This a large and pale colored form of
+the common Savannah Sparrow. Its nesting
+habits are similar to those of the latter and the
+eggs are marked the same but average larger.
+Size .80 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>542. <span class="sc">Aleutian Savannah Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerculus sandwichensis sandwichensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds on the Alaskan coast; winters
+south to northern California.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/339b.png">
+<p>Grayish White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A streaked Sparrow like the
+next but with the yellow superciliary
+line brighter and more
+extended. Its nesting habits
+are precisely like those of the
+next variety which is common
+and well known; the eggs are
+indistinguishable.</p>
+
+<p>542a. <span class="sc">Savannah Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerculus sandwichensis savanna.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/339c.png">
+<p>Grayish White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains, breeding from the
+Middle States north to Labrador and the Hudson Bay region.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the last but with the superciliary line paler and
+the yellow reduced to a spot on the lores. Their nests are
+hollows in the ground, lined with grasses and generally concealed
+by tufts of grass or weeds. Their three to five eggs
+vary greatly in markings from finely and evenly dotted all
+over to very heavily blotched, the ground color being grayish
+white. Size .75 &times; .55</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/339d.png">
+<p>542b--543.</p></div>
+
+<p>542b. <span class="sc">Western Savannah Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerculus sandwichensis alaudinus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America from Alaska to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>A slightly paler form whose nesting habits and eggs do
+not differ from those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>542c. <span class="sc">Bryant's Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerculus sandwichensis bryanti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Salt marshes of California from San Francisco
+Bay south to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>Slightly darker and brighter than the eastern Savannah
+Sparrow and with a more slender bill. The eggs are not
+different from many specimens of savanna; they are light
+greenish white heavily blotched with various shades of
+brown and lavender. Size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>543. <span class="sc">Belding's Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerculus beldingi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast marshes of southern California
+and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/339e.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the last but
+darker and more heavily streaked below.
+They breed abundantly in salt marshes,
+building their nests in the grass or
+patches of seaweed barely above the
+water, and making them of grass and
+weeds, lined with hair; the eggs are dull
+grayish white, boldly splashed, spotted and clouded with
+brown and lavender. Size .78 &times; .55.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/339mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_338" id="Page_338"></a> 338
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/340ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/340a.png">
+<p>544--544c.</p></div>
+<p>544. <span class="sc">Large-billed Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerculus rostratus rostratus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of southern and Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the Savannah Sparrow but paler and grayer,
+without yellow lores and a larger and stouter bill. They
+are common in salt marshes, often in company with the
+last species and their nesting habits are similar to and
+the eggs not distinguished with certainty from those of
+the latter.</p>
+
+<p>544a. <span class="sc">San Lucas Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerculus rostratus guttatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>A slightly darker form of the preceding, having identical
+habits, and probably, eggs.</p>
+
+<p>544c. <span class="sc">San Benito Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerculus rostratus sanctorum.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds on San Benito Islands; winters in southern
+Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits and eggs of these very similar subspecies
+are identical.</p>
+
+<p>545. <span class="sc">Baird's Sparrow.</span> <i>Ammodramus bairdi</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/340b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Plains, breeding from northern United States to
+the Saskatchewan; south in winter to the Mexican border.</p>
+
+<p>These Sparrows breed abundantly on the plains of Dakota
+and northward, placing their nest in hollows on the ground in
+fields and along road sides. During June or July, they lay
+three to five dull whitish eggs, blotched, splashed and spotted
+with light shades of brown and gray. Size .80 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>546. <span class="sc">Grasshopper Sparrow</span>. <i>Ammodramus savannarum australis.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/340c.png">
+<p> Baird's Sparrow.<br>
+Grasshopper Sparrow.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east of the Plains,
+breeding from the Gulf to Canada.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/340d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A stoutly built Sparrow marked on the upper
+parts peculiarly, like a quail; nape grayish
+and chestnut. These birds
+are common in dry fields and
+pastures, where their scarcely
+audible, grasshopper-like
+song is heard during the heat
+of the day. Their nests are
+sunken in the ground and</p>
+
+<p>arched over so that they are very difficult to
+find, especially as the bird will not flush until
+nearly trod upon. The four or five eggs, laid in
+June, are white, specked with reddish brown.
+Size .72 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>546a. <span class="sc">Western Grasshopper Sparrow.</span>
+<i>Ammodramus savannarum bimaculatus</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--West of the Plains from British
+Columbia to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>Slightly paler than the last; has the same
+nesting habits; eggs indistinguishable.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_339" id="Page_339"></a> 339
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/341.png"><br>
+GRASSHOPPER SPARROW ON NEST.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_340" id="Page_340"></a> 340
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/342ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/342a.png">
+<p>Henslow's Sparrow.<br>
+Leconte's Sparrow.</p></div>
+<p>546b. <span class="sc">Florida Grasshopper Sparrow.</span> <i>Ammodramus savannarum floridanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Central Florida.</p>
+
+<p>A local form, darker above and paler below
+than the common species. Eggs not different
+in any particular.</p>
+
+<p>547. <span class="sc">Henslow's Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus henslowi henslowi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east of the Plains,
+breeding locally from Maryland and Missouri
+north to Massachusetts and Minnesota.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/342b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is similar in form and marking
+to the last, but is olive green on the nape, and
+the breast and sides are
+streaked with blackish. Their
+nesting habits are very similar
+to those of the Grasshopper
+Sparrow, the nests being
+difficult to find. The eggs
+are greenish white, spotted
+with reddish brown. Size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>547a. <span class="sc">Western Henslow's Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus henslowi occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A paler and very local form found in the Plains in South Dakota and
+probably, adjoining states. Eggs not apt to differ from those of the preceding.</p>
+
+<p>548. <span class="sc">Leconte's Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus lecontei.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Great Plains, breeding from northern United States to Assiniboia;
+winters south to Texas and the Gulf States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/342c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A bird of more slender form than the preceding, and with
+a long, graduated tail, the feathers of which are very narrow
+and pointed. They nest on the ground in damp meadows, but
+the eggs are difficult to find
+because the bird is flushed
+from the nest with great difficulty. The eggs are white
+and are freely specked with brown. Size .70 &times; .52.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/342d.png">
+<p>Sharp-tailed Sparrow.</p></div>
+
+<p>549. <span class="sc">Sharp-tailed Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus caudacutus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in marshes along the Atlantic
+coast from Maine to South Carolina and
+winters farther south.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/342e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds are very common in nearly all
+the salt marshes of the coast, nesting in the
+marsh grass. I have nearly always found their
+nests attached to the coarse
+marsh grass a few inches above
+water at high tide, and generally
+under apiece of drifted seaweed.
+The nests are made of grasses,
+and the four or five eggs are
+whitish, thickly specked with
+reddish brown. Size .75 &times; .55. The birds are
+hard to flush and then fly but a few feet and
+quickly drop into the grass again.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_341" id="Page_341"></a> 341
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/343a.png">
+<p>Seaside Sparrow.<br>
+Dusky Seaside Sparrow.</p></div>
+<p>549.1. <span class="sc">Nelson's Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus nelsoni nelsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the fresh water marshes
+of the Mississippi valley from Illinois to Manitoba.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the Sharp-tailed
+Finch but more buffy on the breast and generally
+without streaks. The nesting habits are
+the same and the eggs indistinguishable.</p>
+
+<p>549.1a. <span class="sc">Acadian Sharp-tailed Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus nelsoni
+subvirgatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the marshes on the coast
+of New England and New Brunswick; winters
+south to the South Atlantic States.</p>
+
+<p>This paler variety of Nelson's Sparrow nests
+like the Sharp-tailed species and the eggs are
+the same as those of that bird.</p>
+
+<p>550. <span class="sc">Seaside Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus maritimus maritimus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Atlantic coast, breeding from southern New England to Carolina and
+wintering farther south.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/343b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This sharp-tailed Finch is uniform grayish above and light
+streaked with dusky, below. They are very abundant in the
+breeding range, where they nest in marshes in company with
+caudacutus. Their nests are the same as those of that species
+and the eggs similar but slightly larger. Size .80 x .60.
+Data.--Smith Island, Va., May 20, 1900. Nest situated in tall
+grass near shore; made of dried grass and seaweed. Collector,
+H. W. Bailey.</p>
+
+<p>All the members of this genus have a habit of fluttering out over the water,
+and then gliding back to their perch on the grass, on set wings, meanwhile
+uttering a strange rasping song. The nesting habits and eggs of all the subspecies
+are precisely like those of this variety, and they all occasionally arch
+their nests over, leaving an entrance on the side.</p>
+
+<p>550a. <span class="sc">Scott's Seaside Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus maritimus peninsul&oelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coasts of Florida and north to South Carolina. Above blackish
+streaked with brownish gray; below heavily streaked with black.</p>
+
+<p>550b. <span class="sc">Texas Seaside Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus maritimus sennetti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of Texas. Similar to maritimus, but streaked above.</p>
+
+<p>550c. <span class="sc">Louisiana Seaside Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus maritimus fisheri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Gulf coast. This form is similar to peninsul&oelig;, but darker and more
+brownish.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/343mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_342" id="Page_342"></a> 342
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/344ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 340px"><img alt="" src="images/344a.png">
+<p>Lark Sparrow.</p></div>
+<p>550d. <span class="sc">Macgillivray's Seaside Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus maritimus
+macgillivrai.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of South Carolina. Like
+fisheri but grayer.</p>
+
+<p>551. <span class="sc">Dusky Seaside Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerherbulus nigrescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Marshes of Indian River near Titusville,
+Florida.</p>
+
+<p>This species is the darkest of the genus, both
+above and below, being nearly black on the
+upperparts. Their habits are like those of the
+others and the eggs are not likely to differ.</p>
+
+<p>552. <span class="sc">Lark Sparrow.</span> <i>Chondestes grammacus grammacus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mississippi Valley from the Plains
+to Illinois and casually farther east, and from
+Manitoba to Texas; winters in Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/344b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome Sparrow has the sides of the crown and ear
+patches chestnut, and the sides of the throat and a spot on the
+breast, black. They are sweet singers and very welcome birds
+in their range, where they are quite abundant. Their nests
+are generally placed on the ground in the midst of or under a
+clump of weeds or tuft of grass, but sometimes in bushes or
+even trees; they are made of grasses and weeds and the eggs,
+which are usually laid in May, are white marked chiefly
+about the large end with blackish zigzag lines and spots. Size .80 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>552a. <span class="sc">Western Lark Sparrow.</span> <i>Chondestes grammacus strigatus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/344c.png">
+<p>Harris's Sparrow.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--United States west of the Plains;
+breeds from British Columbia to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This paler and duller colored variety is common
+on the Pacific coast; its habits and nests
+and eggs are like those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>553. <span class="sc">Harris's Sparrow.</span> <i>Zonotrichia querula.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mississippi Valley, chiefly west,
+breeding in Manitoba and Saskatchewan, the
+exact range being unknown.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/344d.png">
+<p>Whitish.</p></div>
+
+<p>Although the birds are
+abundant during migrations,
+they seem to suddenly and
+strangely disappear during
+the breeding season. Supposed
+nests have been found
+a few inches above the ground
+in clumps of grass, the eggs
+being whitish, thickly spotted
+with shades of brown. Size .85 &times; .65.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_343" id="Page_343"></a> 343
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/345a.png">
+<p>White-crowned Sparrow.</p></div>
+<p>554. <span class="sc">White-crowned Sparrow.</span> <i>Zonotrichia leucophrys leucophrys.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America breeding abundantly
+in Labrador and about Hudson Bay, and casually
+in northern New England and in western
+United States in the Rockies and Sierras.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/345b.png">
+<p> Pale greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>Winters along our Mexican
+border and southward. A
+handsome species with a
+broad white crown bordered
+on either side by black, and
+with a white superciliary line
+and black lores; the underparts
+are uniform grayish
+white. These birds appear to
+be nowhere as common as the White-throated
+Sparrows with which they associate during migrations
+and in the breeding grounds. They
+build on the ground, generally near the edges
+of woods or in clearings, and lay from four to
+six eggs similar but larger, and with as much
+variation in markings as those of the Song Sparrow; pale greenish blue, spotted
+and splashed with reddish brown and grayish. Size .90 &times; .65. Data.--Nachook,
+Labrador, June 10, 1897. Nest of fine grasses on the ground in a clump of grass.</p>
+
+<p>554a. <span class="sc">Gambel's Sparrow.</span> <i>Zonotrichia leucophrys gambeli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountains and westward from Mexico to Alaska, breeding
+chiefly north of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is like the last but the lores are white. Its nesting habits and eggs
+cannot be distinguished from those of the former.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/345c.png">
+<p>554a--557.</p></div>
+
+<p>554b. <span class="sc">Nuttall's Sparrow.</span> <i>Zonotrichia leucophrys nuttalli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from British Columbia to Lower
+California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the last but smaller and browner above; nests
+on the ground or in bushes, the eggs not being distinguishable
+from those of the other White-crowns.</p>
+
+<p>557. <span class="sc">Golden-crowned Sparrow.</span> <i>Zonotrichia coronata</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from Mexico to Alaska, breeding
+chiefly north of our borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/345d.png">
+<p>Pale greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species has the crown yellow, bordered by black on
+the sides. Their habits are like those of
+the White-crowned Sparrows, they feeding
+upon the ground among the dead
+leaves, and usually being found in flocks
+and often accompanied by many of the
+last species. They nest upon the ground or
+in low bushes, and in May or June lay
+three or four eggs very similar to the
+last. Size .90 &times; .65.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/345mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_344" id="Page_344"></a> 344
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/346.png"><br>
+CHIPPING SPARROW.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_345" id="Page_345"></a> 345
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/347a.png">
+<p>White-throated Sparrow.</p></div>
+<p>558. <span class="sc">White-throated Sparrow.</span> <i>Zonotrichia albicollis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains
+and breeding from the northern tier of states
+northward; winters from the Middle States
+southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/347b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>To my mind this is the
+most beautiful of Sparrows,
+with its bright and softly
+blended plumage and the pure
+white throat boldly contrasting
+with its grayish breast
+and sides of the head; the
+lores are adorned with a
+bright yellow spot. They are one of the most
+abundant of Sparrows in the east during migrations
+and their musical piping whistle is
+heard from hedge and wood. They nest most
+abundantly north of our borders, laying their
+three or four eggs in grass lined hollows in
+the ground, or more rarely in nests in bushes.
+The eggs are white or bluish white, thickly spotted with several shades of
+brown. Size .85 &times; .62. They nest most often in thickets or on the edge of
+swamps, in just such places as they are met with on their migrations.</p>
+
+<p>559. <span class="sc">Tree Sparrow.</span> <i>Spizella monticola monticola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains, breeding north of the United States
+to the Arctic coast, east of the Rockies; winters within the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/347d.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/347c.png">
+<p>Tree Sparrow.</p></div>
+
+<p>A larger bird but somewhat resembling the common Chipping Sparrow, but
+browner above, with a black spot on the breast and no black on the head.
+They are quite hardy birds and winter in many of the northern
+states where they may be found in flocks upon the snow, feeding
+on seeds of protruding weeds. They breed very abundantly in
+Labrador and about Hudson Bay, placing their green nests in
+hollows on the ground or moss;
+their three or four eggs are
+greenish white, abundantly
+speckled all over the surface
+with reddish brown. Size .80 &times; .55. Data.--Foothills
+of Black Mountains, McKenzie River,
+Arctic America, June 13, 1899. Nest on the
+ground under a tuft of grass on level plain;
+made of grasses and moss and lined with feathers.</p>
+
+<p>559a. <span class="sc">Western Tree Sparrow.</span> <i>Spizella monticola ochracea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America west of the Plains,
+breeding in Alaska and wintering to Mexico.
+A paler form of the last, the nesting habits
+and eggs of which are the same.</p>
+
+<p>560. <span class="sc">Chipping Sparrow.</span> <i>Spizella passerina passerina.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains,
+breeding from the Gulf to the interior of Canada
+and Newfoundland.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/347mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_346" id="Page_346"></a> 346
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/348ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/348a.png">
+<p>559a--560a.</p></div>
+<p>As indicated by their name <i>socialis</i>, Chipping Sparrows
+are sociable birds not only with others of the bird tribe, but
+with man. In all localities that are not overrun with English
+Sparrows, you will find these confiding birds nesting in
+trees and shrubs in the yard and in vines from porches,
+while in orchards, nearly every tree has its
+tenant.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/348b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>They are smaller birds than the
+last (5.5 in. long) and have the brown
+crown bordered by blackish and a black
+line through the eye. Their nests, which
+may be found at any height from the
+ground and in any kind of a tree or shrub,
+are made of fine grass and weed stems, lined
+with hair; their three to five eggs are a handsome
+greenish blue, sparingly specked chiefly about the large
+end with blackish brown and purplish. Size .70 &times; .52.</p>
+
+<p>560a. <span class="sc">Western Chipping Sparrow.</span> <i>Spizella passerina arizon&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, chiefly west of the
+Rockies, from Mexico to Alaska; winters in Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is much duller colored than the last and
+has but little brown on the back; its nesting habits are the same and the eggs
+do not appear to differ in any respect from those of the eastern bird.</p>
+
+<p>561. <span class="sc">Clay-colored Sparrow.</span> <i>Spizella pallida.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/348c.png">
+<p>561--562--564.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of United States and Canada, from the Mississippi Valley to
+the Rockies, breeding from Iowa and Colorado northward; winters in Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/348d.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds can best be described as like
+the Chipping Sparrow with the brown largely
+replaced with blackish. They breed quite
+abundantly in Manitoba and Minnesota, placing
+their nests on or near the ground, and
+making them of fine grasses. The eggs cannot
+be distinguished with certainty from
+those of the preceding but average a trifle
+smaller. Size .65 &times; .50. Data.--Barnsley, Manitoba, May
+24, 1900. Nest of grass stalks lined with fine grass, one
+foot above ground in tuft of grass.</p>
+
+
+<p>562. <span class="sc">Brewer's Sparrow.</span> <i>Spizella breweri.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/348e.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States from Mexico
+to British Columbia rarely and chiefly
+between the Rockies and the Sierras; most
+abundant in New Mexico and Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is similar to the last but is paler
+and more finely streaked. Their nesting
+habits are like those of pallida and the eggs
+are indistinguishable.</p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_347" id="Page_347"></a> 347
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/349.png"><br>
+CHIPPING SPARROWS (The whole family).</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_348" id="Page_348"></a> 348
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/350ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/350a.png">
+<p>Field Sparrow.</p></div>
+
+<p>563. <span class="sc">Field Sparrow.</span> <i>Spizella pusilla pusilla.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains,
+breeding from the Gulf to southern Manitoba
+and Quebec; winters in the Gulf States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/350b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These are abundant birds
+along roadsides, in thickets, or
+on dry sidehills, where they nest
+indifferently on the ground or in
+bushes, making their nests of
+grass and weed stems. They are
+the birds, whose high piping
+song is most frequently heard
+on hot sultry days in summer. Their eggs are
+laid in May or June; they are pale bluish
+white, speckled and blotched with yellowish
+brown and grayish purple. Size .65 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>563a. <span class="sc">Western Field Sparrow.</span> <i>Spizella pusilla arenacea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Great Plains from Mexico to Montana, breeding in the northern half
+of its range and wintering in the southern.</p>
+
+<p>A paler form of the last, whose general habits and eggs are the same as those
+of the eastern bird.</p>
+
+<p>564. <span class="sc">Worthen's Sparrow.</span> <i>Spizella wortheni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern New Mexico southward through central Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This pale colored species is the size of the Field Sparrow but has no decided
+markings anywhere. It is a rare bird within our borders and uncommon anywhere.
+I am not able to find any material in regard to their eggs.</p>
+
+<p>565. <span class="sc">Black-chinned Sparrow.</span> <i>Spizella atrogularis.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/350c.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexican border of the United States and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/350d.png">
+<p>White-winged Junco.</p></div>
+
+<p>This slim-bodied, long-tailed species is grayish with a dusky
+streaked, reddish brown patch on the back and a black face, chin
+and throat. Their habits are similar to those of the Field
+Sparrow and their nests are made near the ground in bushes,
+but the eggs are plain bluish green, about like unmarked
+Chipping Sparrows' eggs. Size
+.65 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>566. <span class="sc">White-winged Junco.</span> <i>Junco aikeni.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/350e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the Black Hills of Dakota
+and Wyoming; winters in Colorado and
+casually to Kansas.</p>
+
+<p>This species is like the next
+but larger and with the wings
+crossed by two white bars. Its
+habits are like those of the common
+Juncos, the nests are placed
+on the ground, concealed under
+overhanging rocks or tufts of
+grass, and the eggs are like
+those often seen of the Slate-colored Junco;
+3 or 4 in number, pinkish white specked and
+spotted with light reddish brown. Size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_349" id="Page_349"></a> 349
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/351a.png">
+<p>Slate-Colored Junco.</p></div>
+
+<p>567. <span class="sc">Slate-colored Junco.</span> <i>Junco hyemalis hyemalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains,
+breeding in the northern tier of states and
+northward; winters in southern United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/351b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is slaty gray
+on the head, neck, breast,
+flanks, back, wings and central
+tail feathers; the rest of
+the underparts are white,
+sharply defined against the
+gray. They migrate through
+the United States in large
+flocks, usually accompanied by White-throated
+or Fox Sparrows. They breed very abundantly
+in the northern parts of their range, frequently
+in the immediate vicinity of houses but generally
+on the edges of clearings, etc., placing
+their nests on the ground and generally partially
+concealed by rocks, stumps, sods or logs;
+the nests are made of grasses, lined with hair,
+and the four or five eggs are white or greenish
+white, variously speckled with reddish brown
+either over the entire surface or in a wreath about the large end. Size .80 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>567a. <span class="sc">Oregon Junco.</span> <i>Junco hyemalis oreganus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from California to Alaska, breeding north of the
+United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/351c.png">
+<p>567a--567g--567c.</p></div>
+
+<p>This sub-species is entirely unlike the preceding, having a black head, neck,
+throat, breast, wings and tail, and brown back; the remainder of the underparts
+are white, washed with pinkish brown on the sides. The habits and nesting
+habits of this western Junco are the same as those of the eastern, the birds
+building in similar localities and making the nests of the same material. There
+appears to be little, if any, difference between the eggs of the two varieties.</p>
+
+<p>567b. <span class="sc">Shufeldt's Junco.</span> <i>Junco hyemalis counectens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast breeding from Oregon to British
+Columbia and wintering south to the Mexican boundary.</p>
+
+<p>Said to be slightly larger and duller colored than the
+Oregon Junco; eggs the same.</p>
+
+<p>567c. <span class="sc">Thurber's Junco.</span> <i>Junco hyemalis thurberi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The Sierra Nevadas from Oregon to southern
+California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to <i>oreganus</i> but paler and back more pinkish;
+eggs will not differ.</p>
+
+<p>567d. <span class="sc">Point Pinos Junco.</span> <i>Junco hyemalis pinosus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A very locally confined variety breeding in pine
+woods of southwestern California, about Monterey and
+Santa Cruz.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to <i>thurberi</i> with the head and neck slaty instead
+of black.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/351mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_350" id="Page_350"></a> 350
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/352ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/352a.png">
+<p>570b--571--572.</p></div>
+<p>567e. <span class="sc">Carolina Junco.</span> <i>Junco hyemalis carolinensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Alleghanies in Virginia, the Carolinas and Georgia.</p>
+
+<p>A slightly larger bird than the Slate-colored Junco and
+with the bill horn color instead of pinkish white. They
+have been found to breed very abundantly in the higher
+ranges of the Carolinas, nesting under banks, in tufts of
+grass, or occasionally in small bushes, in fact in such locations
+as are used by hyemalis. Their eggs which are laid
+during May, June or July (probably two broods being raised)
+are similar to those of the Slate-colored species but
+slightly larger.</p>
+
+<p>567f. <span class="sc">Montana Junco.</span> <i>Junco hyemalis montanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--From northern Idaho and Montana north to
+Alberta; winters south to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is like <i>mearnsi</i> but darker on the head and
+throat and with less pink on the sides. Its nesting habits
+and eggs do not differ from those of the Pink-sided Junco.</p>
+
+<p>567g. <span class="sc">Pink-sided Junco.</span> <i>Junco hyemalis mearnsi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in mountains of Idaho, Wyoming and
+Montana and winters south to Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/352b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species has the head and breast gray, the back brownish
+and the sides pinkish brown. They breed at high altitudes
+in the ranges, placing their nests of grasses under sods
+or overhanging rocks; their eggs are pinkish white before
+being blown and are spotted over the whole surface but more
+heavily at the large end with pale reddish brown and gray.
+Size .80 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>570. <span class="sc">Arizona Junco.</span> <i>Junco ph&aelig;onotus palliatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of western Mexico north to southern Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the preceding species but upper mandible blackish and the gray
+on throat shading insensibly into the grayish white underparts. They are quite
+abundant in the higher ranges of southern Arizona, where they breed, placing
+their nests on the ground in similar locations to those chosen by other Juncos;
+the three or four eggs are greenish white, finely speckled chiefly about the large
+end with reddish brown. Size .76 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>570a. <span class="sc">Red-backed Junco.</span> <i>Junco ph&aelig;onotus dorsalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the mountains of New Mexico and Arizona and southward.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is like the last but the reddish brown on the back does not extend
+to the coverts or wings. The nesting habits are like those of the last but the
+eggs are only minutely specked about the large end.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/352c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>570b. <span class="sc">Gray-headed Junco.</span> <i>Junco ph&aelig;onotus caniceps.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region from Wyoming south to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the Slate-colored Junco but has a
+reddish brown patch on the back. They nest on the ground in
+mountainous regions, concealing the nests in tufts of grass or
+under logs, stones, etc. The eggs are creamy or bluish white,
+specked over the whole surface, but most numerously about the
+larger end with reddish brown. Size .75 &times; .60. Data.--Custer
+Co., Colo., June 4, 1897. Slight nest of small rootlets and fine
+grass placed under a tuft of grass. Altitude over 8,000 feet.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_351" id="Page_351"></a> 351
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/353a.png">
+<p>Black-throated Sparrow.</p></div>
+<p>571. <span class="sc">Baird's Junco.</span> <i>Junco bairdi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This gray headed species with rusty back
+and sides is locally confined to the southern
+parts of the California peninsula where it is
+resident. Its eggs are not likely to differ from
+those of the Pink-sided Junco which it most
+nearly resembles.</p>
+
+<p>567i. <span class="sc">Townsend's Junco.</span> <i>Junco hyemalis townsendi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of northern Lower California;
+resident and breeding. Similar to the
+Pink-sided Junco but duller colored; eggs probably
+the same.</p>
+
+<p>572. <span class="sc">Guadalupe Junco.</span> <i>Junco insularis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Guadalupe Island off Lower California</p>
+
+<p>Resembles the Pink-sided Junco but is smaller, darker and duller colored.
+They are common on the island where they nest in the pine groves, laying their
+first sets in February or March. The nests are like those of the genus and the
+eggs are greenish white, finely dotted with reddish brown at the large end.
+Size .77 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>573. <span class="sc">Black-throated Sparrow.</span> <i>Amphispiza bilineata bilineata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds from central Texas to Kansas; winters in southern Texas
+and Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/353b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/353c.png">
+<p>573a--574.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is grayish brown above, with black throat, white
+superciliary and line on side of throat. This is a common
+species that nests on the ground or at low elevations in bushes,
+making their nests of weed stems and grasses. The three to five
+eggs are bluish white, unmarked and similar to those of the
+Bluebird but smaller. Size .72 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>573a. <span class="sc">Desert Sparrow.</span> <i>Amphispiza bilineata deserticola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States from western Texas
+to southern California, and north to Colorado and Nevada;
+winters in Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>Like the last but paler above. An abundant bird among
+the foothills and on plains throughout its range. Found
+generally in sage brush and thickets where it nests in
+bushes or on the ground laying three or four bluish white
+eggs like those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>574. <span class="sc">Bell's Sparrow.</span> <i>Amphispiza belli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern half of California and southward.</p>
+
+<p>These grayish, black and white birds are abundant in
+sage brush and thickets, nesting on the ground or at low
+elevations in bushes, and during May or June, laying from
+three to four eggs of a pale greenish white color, spotted
+and blotched with reddish brown and purplish. Size .75
+&times; .60.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/353mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_352" id="Page_352"></a> 352
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/354ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/354a.png">
+<p>574.1--576.</p></div>
+
+<p>574.1. <span class="sc">Sage Sparrow.</span> <i>Amphispiza nevadensis nevadensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Sage deserts of the Great Basin from Oregon
+and Montana, south to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is abundant throughout its range where
+it nests near or on the ground, in or under bushes and generally
+concealed from view. The nests are made of grass
+and sage bark lined with fine grass; the eggs are like those
+of the last species, greenish white, spotted and blotched
+with shades of brown and purplish.</p>
+
+<p>574.1a. <span class="sc">Gray Sage Sparrow.</span> <i>Amphispiza nevadensis cinerea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--A smaller and paler variety found in Lower
+California.</p>
+
+<p>The nests and eggs of this pale variety probably do not
+differ in any respect from those of the better known varieties.</p>
+
+<p>[Illustration z354: 574.1--576.]</p>
+
+<p>575. <span class="sc">Pine-woods Sparrow.</span> <i>Peuc&aelig;a &aelig;stivalis &aelig;stivalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Florida and southern Georgia.</p>
+
+<p>These birds are common in restricted localities in their range, nesting on the
+ground under bushes or shrubs; the nests are made of grasses and the four or
+five eggs are pure white with a slight gloss. Size .75 &times; .60. The birds are said
+to be fine singers and to frequent, almost exclusively, pine barrens.</p>
+
+<p>475a. <span class="sc">Bachman's Sparrow.</span> <i>Peuc&aelig;a &aelig;stivalis bachmani.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/354b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States; north to Indiana
+and Illinois.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is common in most localities in its range, frequenting
+pine woods and barrens chiefly, and nesting on the
+ground in May or June. Their nests are made of grasses and
+lined with very fine grass, and have the tops completely
+arched over leaving a small entrance on the side. The eggs
+are pure white with a slight gloss and measure .75 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>576. <span class="sc">Botteri's Sparrow.</span> <i>Peuc&aelig;a botterii.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexican plateau north to southern Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>They nest in abundance in tall grass in the lowlands of their range, the nests
+being difficult to find because the bird flushes with great difficulty. The nests
+are on the ground, made of grass, and the three to five eggs are pure white,
+measuring .75 &times; .60.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/354deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_353" id="Page_353"></a> 353
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/355a.png">
+<p>579--580.</p></div>
+
+<p>578. <span class="sc">Cassin's Sparrows.</span> <i>Peuc&aelig;a cassini.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Plains and valleys from Texas and Arizona
+north to Kansas and Nevada.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/355b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds breed in numbers on the
+arid plains, placing their grass nests on
+the ground at the foot of small bushes
+or concealed in tufts of grass, and during
+May lay four pure white eggs which are
+of the same size and indistinguishable
+from those of others of the genus.</p>
+
+<p>579. <span class="sc">Rufous-winged Sparrow.</span> <i>Aimophila carpalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Plains of western Mexico and north to southern
+Arizona.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/355c.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This pale colored bird bears a remote
+resemblance to the Tree Sparrow. They
+nest commonly in dry arid regions, placing
+their nests at low elevations in
+bushes or cacti, preferably young mesquites,
+and making them of coarse grass
+lined with finer. Two broods are raised
+a season and from May to August sets
+of four or five plain bluish white eggs may be found. Size .75 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>580. <span class="sc">Rufous-crowned Sparrow.</span> <i>Aimophila ruficeps ruficeps.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Local in southern half of California and in Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>A brownish colored species both above and below, which is found on mountains
+and hillsides in restricted localities. They nest on the ground placing their
+grass structures in hollows, usually at the foot of a small bush or shrub and
+well concealed. They lay from three to five pale bluish white eggs. Size
+.80 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>580a. <span class="sc">Scott's Sparrow.</span> <i>Aimophila ruficeps scotti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Texas, New Mexico and Arizona south in Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>A paler species, above, than the last, and whitish below. It is quite a common
+species on the mountain ranges where it nests on the ground, in clumps of
+grass or beneath shrubs or overhanging rocks; the nests are made of grasses
+and weeds scantily put together. The eggs are white, untinted. Size .80 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>580b. <span class="sc">Rock Sparrow.</span> <i>Aimophila ruficeps erem&aelig;ca.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/355d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Middle and southern Texas and south in Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This variety frequents rocky mountain sides where it nests
+abundantly under rocks or at the foot of shrubs, the nests
+being made of coarse grasses loosely twisted together and
+lined with finer grass. The birds are shy and skulk off
+through the underbrush upon the approach of anyone so that
+the nests are quite difficult to find. The three to five eggs are
+pure white and of the same size as those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>580c. <span class="sc">Laguna Sparrow.</span> <i>Aimophila ruficeps sororia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The nests and eggs of this very similar variety to <i>ruficeps</i> proper are not
+likely to differ in any particular from those of that species.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/355mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_354" id="Page_354"></a> 354
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/356ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/356a.png">
+<p>Song Sparrow.</p></div>
+
+<p>581. <span class="sc">Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia melodia</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains,
+breeding from Virginia to Manitoba and New
+Brunswick, and wintering chiefly in the southern
+half of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/356b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A favorite and one of the
+most abundant in all sections
+of the east. They are sweet
+and persistent songsters and
+frequent side hills, pastures,
+roadsides, gardens and dooryards
+if English Sparrows be
+not present. They nest indifferently
+upon the ground or in bushes, generally
+artfully concealing the nest by drooping
+leaves; it is made of grass and weed stems,
+lined with fine grass or, occasionally, horse
+hair. As is usual in the case of birds that
+abound about habitations they frequently
+choose odd nesting sites. They lay two and
+sometimes three sets of eggs a season, from May to August, the eggs being
+three to five in number and white or greenish white, marked, spotted, blotched
+or splashed in endless variety of pattern and intensity, with many shades of
+brown; some eggs are very heavily blotched so as to wholly obscure the ground
+color while others are specked very sparingly. They measure .80 &times; .60 with
+great variations.</p>
+
+<p>581a. <span class="sc">Desert Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia fallax</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Desert regions of southern Nevada, Arizona and southeastern California.
+The eggs of this very pale form are the same as those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>581b. <span class="sc">Mountain Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia montana</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/356c.png">
+<p>581a--581c--581e.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Rockies and the Great Basin from Oregon and Montana southward.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is paler than the Song Sparrow but darker than <i>fallax</i>. Eggs
+the same.</p>
+
+<p>581c. <span class="sc">Heerman's Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia heermanni</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--California, west of the Sierra Nevadas.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to <i>melodia</i> but with less brown and the markings
+blacker and more distinct. The nesting habits are the same
+and the eggs similar to large dark specimens of the eastern
+Song Sparrow. Size .85 &times; .62.</p>
+
+<p>581d. <span class="sc">Samuels Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia samuelis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast regions of California, chiefly in the
+marshes.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the last but smaller. They nest on the ground
+in marsh grass, usually in sandy districts along the shore.
+The eggs average smaller than those of <i>melodia</i>. Size
+.78 &times; .58.</p>
+
+<p>581e. <span class="sc">Rusty Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia morphna</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of Oregon and British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>A dark species with the upper parts dark reddish brown
+and heavily streaked with the same below. The nesting
+habits and eggs are like those of <i>melodia</i>.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_355" id="Page_355"></a> 355
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>581f. <span class="sc">Sooty Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia rufina.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from British Columbia to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>A darker bird, both above and below, even than the last. Eggs like the last
+but averaging a trifle larger. Size .82 &times; .62.</p>
+
+<p>581g. <span class="sc">Brown's Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia rivularis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>A light colored form like the Desert Song Sparrow; said to build in cat tails
+above water as well as on the ground; eggs not different from others of the
+genus.</p>
+
+<p>581h. <span class="sc">Santa Barbara Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia graminea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds on Santa Barbara Islands; winters on adjacent coast of California.</p>
+
+<p>A variety of the same size but paler than <i>samuelis</i>. Nesting or eggs not
+peculiar.</p>
+
+<p>581i. <span class="sc">San Clemente Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia clement&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--San Clemente and Santa Rosa Island of the Santa Barbara group.</p>
+
+<p>Slightly larger than the last; habits and eggs the same.</p>
+
+<p>581j. <span class="sc">Dakota Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia juddi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North Dakota, breeding in the Turtle Mountains.</p>
+
+<p>Practically indistinguishable from the common Song Sparrow; the eggs will
+not differ.</p>
+
+<p>581k. <span class="sc">Merrill's Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia merrilli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern United States; eastern Oregon and Washington to
+Idaho.</p>
+
+<p>Very similar to, but lighter than the Rusty Song Sparrow.</p>
+
+<p>581l. <span class="sc">Alameda Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia pusillula</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Salt marshes of San Francisco Bay, California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to, but still smaller than Samuel Song Sparrow. Eggs will not differ.</p>
+
+<p>581m. <span class="sc">San Diego Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia cooperi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern coast of California; north to Monterey Bay.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to, but smaller and lighter than <i>heermanni</i>.</p>
+
+<p>581n. <span class="sc">Yakutat Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia caurina.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of Alaska from Cross Sound to Prince Williams Sound.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the Sooty Song Sparrow but larger and grayer. Eggs probably
+average larger.</p>
+
+<p>581o. <span class="sc">Kenai Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza Melodia kenaiensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Kenai Peninsula on the coasts.</p>
+
+<p>Like the last but still larger; length about 7 inches.</p>
+
+<p>581q. <span class="sc">Bischoff's Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia insignis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Kadiak Island, Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to and nearly as large as the next species, but browner.</p>
+
+<p>581r. <span class="sc">Aleutian Song Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza melodia sanaka.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/357a.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Found on nearly all the islands of the Aleutian group, excluding
+Kadiak.</p>
+
+<p>This is the largest of the Song Sparrows being nearly 8
+inches in length; it is similar in appearance to the Sooty
+Song Sparrow but grayer. It nests either on the ground or
+at low elevations in bushes, the nest usually being concealed
+in a tuft of grass or often placed under rocks or,
+sometimes, driftwood along the shores. The nests are
+made of grasses and weed stems, and the eggs are similar
+to those of the Song Sparrow but much larger and more
+elongate. Size .90 &times; .65.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/357mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_356" id="Page_356"></a> 356
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/358ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/358a.png">
+<p>Lincoln's Sparrow.</p></div>
+
+<p>583. <span class="sc">Lincoln's Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza lincolni lincolni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from
+northern United States north to the Arctic regions;
+most abundant in the interior and the
+west; rare in New England.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/358b.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This bird is shy and retiring
+and skulks off through
+the underbrush of thickets
+and swamps that it frequents
+upon the approach of anyone;
+consequently it is often little
+known in localities where it
+is quite abundant. They nest
+on the ground like Song Sparrows, and rarely
+in bushes. Their eggs are very similar to
+those of the Song Sparrow, three or four in
+number, greenish white in color, heavily spotted
+and blotched with chestnut and gray. Size
+.80 &times; .58.</p>
+
+<p>583a. <span class="sc">Forbush's Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza lincolni striata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of Oregon and British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the preceding but darker and browner. Eggs probably like those
+of the last.</p>
+
+<p>584. <span class="sc">Swamp Sparrow.</span> <i>Melospiza georgiana.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/358c.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains, breeding from
+middle United States north to Labrador and Hudson Bay.</p>
+
+<p>This common and dark colored Sparrow frequents swampy
+places where it breeds; owing to its sly habits it is not
+commonly seen during the breeding season. Its nests are
+made of grasses and located on the ground usually in places
+where the walking is extremely treacherous. The eggs are
+similar to those of the Song Sparrow but are generally
+darker and more clouded and average smaller. Size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/358d.png">
+<p> Swamp Sparrow.</p></div>
+
+<p>585. <span class="sc">Fox Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerella iliaca iliaca.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding
+from southern Canada northward, and northwest
+to Alaska; winters in southern United
+States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/358e.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This large handsome species, with its mottled
+grayish and reddish brown plumage and
+bright rufous tail, is very common in eastern
+United States during migrations, being found
+in open woods and hedges in
+company with Juncos and
+White-throated Sparrows,
+with which species their song
+vies in sweetness. They nest
+usually on the ground, but
+sometimes in low bushes; the
+nests are made of grasses and
+are concealed beneath the
+overhanging branches of bushes or evergreens.
+The three or four eggs are greenish-white,
+spotted and blotched with brown. Size .94 &times; .68.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_357" id="Page_357"></a> 357
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>585a. <span class="sc">Shumagin Fox Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerella iliaca unalaschensis.</i></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/359a.png">
+<p>Fox Sparrow.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--Shumagin Islands and the Alaska
+coast to Cook Inlet.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the last but paler, being one of the
+several recent unsatisfactory subdivisions of
+this genus. The nesting habits and eggs of all
+the varieties are like those of the common eastern
+form.</p>
+
+<p>585b. <span class="sc">Thick-billed Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerella iliaca megarhyncha.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of eastern California and
+western Nevada; locally confined.</p>
+
+<p>Entire upper parts and breast spots gray;
+wings and tail brown. It nests in the heaviest
+underbrush of the mountain sides, building on
+or close to the ground.</p>
+
+<p>585c. <span class="sc">Slate-colored Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerella iliaca schistacea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region, breeding from Colorado to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>This variety which is similar to, but smaller than the last, nests in thickets
+along the mountain streams. The eggs are like those of iliaca, but average
+smaller.</p>
+
+<p>585d. <span class="sc">Stephen's Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerella iliaca stephensi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the San Bernadino and San Jacinto Mts. in southern California.</p>
+
+<p>Like the Thick-billed Sparrow, but bill still larger and bird slightly so.</p>
+
+<p>585e. <span class="sc">Sooty Fox Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerella iliaca fuliginosa.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of Washington and British Columbia; south to California in
+winter.</p>
+
+<p>585f. <span class="sc">Kadiak Fox Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerella iliaca insularis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeding on Kadiak Island; winters south to California.</p>
+
+<p>Like the last but browner above and below.</p>
+
+<p>585g. <span class="sc">Townsend's Fox Sparrow.</span> <i>Passerella iliaca townsendi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern coast of Alaska; winters south to California. Like the last
+but more rufous above.</p>
+
+<p>Upperparts and tail uniform brownish umber, below heavily spotted.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/359b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>586. <span class="sc">Texas Sparrow.</span> <i>Arremonops rufivirgatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern Mexico and southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This odd species has a brownish crown, olive greenish upperparts, wings and
+tail, and grayish white underparts. They are common resident
+birds along the Lower Rio Grande, being found in tangled
+thickets, where they nest at low elevations, making their
+quite bulky nests of coarse weeds and grass and sometimes
+twigs, lined with finer grass and hair; they are often partially
+domed with an entrance on the side. Their eggs are plain
+white, without markings; often several broods are raised in a
+season and eggs may be found from May until August.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/359mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_358" id="Page_358"></a> 358
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/360ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/360a.png">
+<p>Towhee or Chewink.</p></div>
+
+<p>587. <span class="sc">Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains,
+breeding from the Gulf to Manitoba.</p>
+
+<p>The well known Towhee, Ground Robin or
+Chewink is a bird commonly met with in eastern
+United States; it frequents thickets,
+swamps and open woods where they nest generally
+upon the ground and sometimes in
+bushes near the ground.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/360b.png">
+<p>Purplish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The nests are well
+made of grasses, lined with
+fine grasses and rootlets,
+and the eggs, which are laid
+in May or June, are pinkish
+white, generally finely
+sprinkled but sometimes
+with bold markings of light
+reddish brown, with great
+variations. Size .90 &times; .70.</p>
+
+
+<p>Towhees are noisy birds and at frequent intervals,
+while they are scratching among the
+leaves for their food they will stop and utter their familiar "tow-hee" or "che-wink"
+and then again will mount to the summit of a tree or bush and sing their
+sweet refrain for a long time.</p>
+
+<p>587a. <span class="sc">White-eyed Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo erythrophthalmus alleni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Florida and the Atlantic coast to South Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is like the preceding except that the eyes are white instead of
+red. There is no difference between their nesting habits and eggs, except that
+they much more frequently, and in some localities, almost always, nest in trees.</p>
+
+<p>588. <span class="sc">Arctic Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo maculatus arcticus.</i></p>
+
+
+<p>Range.--Great Plains, breeding from northern United States to the Saskatchewan.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/360c.png">
+<p>Pinkish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the eastern Towhee but has the scapulars and
+coverts tipped with white. They nest abundantly in suitable
+localities in Montana and North Dakota and more commonly
+north of our borders. Like the eastern Towhee, they
+nest on the ground under the protection of overhanging
+bushes, the nests being made of strips of bark and grasses
+and lined with fine rootlets. Their three or four eggs, which
+are laid during May, June or July, are pinkish white, profusely
+speckled with reddish brown; very similar to those
+of the eastern Towhee. Size .92 &times; .70.</p>
+
+<p>588a. <span class="sc">Spurred Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo maculatus montanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds from Mexico to British Columbia, west of the Rockies.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the last but with less white on the back. The nesting habits and
+eggs are like those of the Towhee, but in some localities the nests are most
+often found in bushes above the ground.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_359" id="Page_359"></a> 359
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/361.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF TOWHEE.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_360" id="Page_360"></a> 360
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/362ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/362a.png">
+<p>588b--591.</p></div>
+<p>588b. <span class="sc">Oregon Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo maculatus oregonus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from California to British Columbia;
+winters to Mexico. Similar to the last but with still
+fewer white markings on the back and the chestnut flanks
+brighter. The nesting habits and eggs of this variety
+differ in no essential particular from those of the preceding
+Towhees.</p>
+
+<p>588c. <span class="sc">San Clemente Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo maculatus clement&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--San Clemente Is. and other of the Santa Barbara
+group.</p>
+
+<p>Black of male said to be duller. Probably no difference
+between the eggs and others.</p>
+
+<p>588d. <span class="sc">San Diego Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo maculatus megalonyx.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of southern California and Lower California.
+Said to be darker than <i>megalonyx.</i></p>
+
+<p>588e. <span class="sc">Large-billed Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo maculatus magnirostris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California. Similar to <i>arcticus</i>; bill said to be larger.</p>
+
+<p>589. <span class="sc">Guadalupe Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo consobrinus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Guadalupe Island, Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to <i>oregonus</i> but smaller and with a relatively shorter tail. The nesting
+habits and eggs of this species will not likely be found to differ essentially
+from those of others of the genus.</p>
+
+<p>591. <span class="sc">Canon Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo fuscus mesoleucus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/362b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and north to Arizona and New Mexico and casually farther
+to Colorado.</p>
+
+<p>A common species in the valleys and on the side hills,
+nesting in bushes near the ground, and sometimes on
+the ground; the nests are made of grasses, weeds and twigs
+lined with rootlets, and the three or four eggs are greenish
+blue sparingly spotted or scrawled with blackish brown, the
+markings being similar to those on many Red-winged
+Blackbirds' eggs. Size 1.00 &times; .70.</p>
+
+<p>591a. <span class="sc">San Lucas Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo fuscus albigula.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is like the last but is usually paler below. It is abundant in the
+region about the cape where they nest in thickets, either in the bushes or on
+the ground. The eggs cannot be distinguished from those of the Canon Towhee.</p>
+
+<p>591b. <span class="sc">California Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo crissalis crissalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of California.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is similar to the Canon Towhee but is browner, both above and
+below. They are one of the most common of California birds, frequenting
+scrubby thickets, both on mountain sides and in valleys and canons, from
+which their harsh scolding voice always greets intruders.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_361" id="Page_361"></a> 361
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/363a.png">
+<p>591.1--592--592.1.</p></div>
+
+<p>They place their
+nests in bushes at low elevations from the ground and sometimes on the
+ground; they are made of twigs, strips of bark, weeds and coarse
+grasses, lined with fine rootlets. Their three or four eggs
+are laid in April or May; they are light bluish green marked
+like the others with purplish or brownish black. Size
+.95 &times; .72.</p>
+
+<p>591.1a. <span class="sc">Anthony's Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo crissalis senicula.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern California and south through Lower
+California.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/363b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>A very similar bird to the last but
+sightly smaller and lighter below.
+The habits and nesting habits of
+these birds are in every way identical
+with those of the California Towhee
+and the eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of that variety.
+They are fully as abundant in the
+southern parts of California as the
+others are in the northern.</p>
+
+<p>592. <span class="sc">Abert's Towhee.</span> <i>Pipilo aberti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arizona and New Mexico north to Colorado
+and Nevada and east to southeastern California.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/363c.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This bird is wholly brownish gray both above and below
+shading into reddish brown on the under tail coverts; the
+face is black. They are abundant in the valleys of Arizona
+and New Mexico, but unlike the preceding species, they
+are generally wild and shy. They nest in chaparral thickets
+along streams, the nests being constructed similarly to
+those of the California Towhee, and the eggs are not easily
+distinguishable from those of that species, but they are
+usually more sparsely specked and the markings more distinct.
+Size 1.00 &times; .75.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/363d.png">
+<p>Green-tailed Towhee.</p></div>
+
+<p>592.1. <span class="sc">Green-tailed Towhee.</span> <i>Oreospiza chlorura.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, chiefly west
+of the Rockies from Montana and Washington
+south to Mexico; wintering in southwestern
+United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/363e.png">
+<p>Whitish.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome and entirely different plumaged
+species from any of the preceding would,
+from appearance, be better placed in the group
+with the White-throated Sparrow than its present
+position. It has a reddish brown crown,
+the remainder of the upper
+parts, wings and tail being
+greenish yellow; the throat
+is white, bordered abruptly
+with gray on the breast and
+sides of head. These birds
+place their nests on the
+ground. The nests are built
+similarly to those of the eastern
+Towhee, and the eggs, too, are similar, being
+whitish, finely dotted and specked with
+reddish brown, the markings being most numerous
+around the larger end. Size .85 &times; .65.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/363mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_362" id="Page_362"></a> 362
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/364.png"><br>
+CARDINAL.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_363" id="Page_363"></a> 363
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>593. <span class="sc">Cardinal.</span> <i>Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, north to New York and Illinois, west to the
+Plains and Texas. Resident in most of its range.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/365a.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These beautiful fiery red and crested songsters are one of the most attractive
+of our birds, and in their range, nest about habitations as
+freely as among the thickets and scrubby brush of wood
+or hillside. Their nests are rarely placed higher than ten
+feet from the ground in bushes, branches, vines, brush
+piles or trees; they are loosely made of twigs, coarse
+grasses and weeds, shreds of bark, leaves, etc., and lined
+with fine grass or hair. They frequently lay two or three
+sets of eggs a season, the first being completed usually
+early in May; three or four, and sometimes five, white or
+pale bluish white eggs are laid; they are very varied in markings but usually
+profusely spotted, more heavily at the large end, with reddish brown and
+lavender. Size 1.00 &times; .70.</p>
+
+<p>593a. <span class="sc">Arizona Cardinal.</span> <i>Cardinalis cardinalis superbus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern Mexico and southern Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>A larger and more rosy form of the Cardinal. Its eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of the eastern Redbird.</p>
+
+<p>593b. <span class="sc">San Lucas Cardinal.</span> <i>Cardinalis cardinalis igneus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Like the last but smaller and with less black on the forehead; eggs the same.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/365b.png"><br>
+NEST OF CARDINAL.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/365mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_364" id="Page_364"></a> 364
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/366ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/366a.png">
+<p>Cardinal.</p></div>
+
+<p>593c. <span class="sc">Gray-tailed Cardinal.</span> <i>Cardinalis cardinalis canicaudus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northeastern Mexico and southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>The male of this species is like the eastern
+Cardinal but the female is said to be grayer.
+The nesting habits are the same and the eggs
+identical with those of the latter.</p>
+
+<p>593d. <span class="sc">Florida Cardinal.</span> <i>Cardinalis cardinalis floridanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Florida.</p>
+
+<p>Supposed to be a deeper and richer shade of
+red. Eggs like those of cardinalis.</p>
+
+<p>594. <span class="sc">Arizona Pyrrhuloxia.</span> <i>Pyrrhuloxia sinuata sinuata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern Mexico and the southern
+border of New Mexico, Arizona and western Texas.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/366b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is of similar form and crested like a Cardinal,
+but the bill is very short and hooked like that of a Parrot; the
+plumage is grayish, with wings and tail dull reddish; face
+and throat, and middle of belly rosy red. Their habits are
+the same as those of the Cardinal, but their nests are said to
+be slighter; they are placed in similar locations to those of
+the latter, the two species often nesting together in the same
+thicket. Their eggs are like those of the Cardinal but average
+smaller, although the ranges overlap so that the eggs cannot
+be distinguished. Size .90 x .70. Data.--San
+Antonio, Texas, May 16, 1889. Nest of fine
+grasses, lined with rootlets; 4 feet from ground
+in a mesquite tree.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/366c.png">
+<p>Texas Pyrrhuloxia.</p></div>
+
+<p>594a. <span class="sc">Texas Pyrrhuloxia.</span> <i>Pyrrhuloxia sinuata texana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northeastern Mexico and southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>Said to be grayer and the bill to average
+larger than that of the last. There are no differences
+in the nesting habits or eggs between
+the two varieties.</p>
+
+<p>594b. <span class="sc">San Lucas Pyrrhuloxia.</span> <i>Pyrrhuloxia sinuata peninsul&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Smaller than the Arizona Cardinal but with
+a larger bill. The eggs are like those of the
+others but may average a trifle smaller.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_365" id="Page_365"></a> 365
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/367a.png">
+<p>Rose-breasted Grosbeak.</p></div>
+
+<p>595. <span class="sc">Rose-breasted Grosbeak.</span> <i>Zamelodia ludoviciana.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/367b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--United States,
+east of the Plains, breeding
+from the Middle States
+and Ohio north to Manitoba
+and Nova Scotia.</p>
+
+<p>This beautiful black and
+white bird with rosy red
+breast and under wing coverts,</p>
+
+<p>is one of the most
+pleasing of our songsters. They nest either in
+bushes or trees, generally between six and
+twenty feet from the ground and usually in
+thick clumps of trees or scrubby apple trees.
+The three or four eggs, which are laid in June,
+are greenish blue, spotted, most heavily about
+the larger end, with reddish brown. Size 1.00
+&times; .75. Data.--Worcester, Mass., June 5, 1899.
+Nest of twigs and rootlets in small apple tree
+in woods; nest very frail, eggs showing through
+the bottom.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/367c.png">
+<p>NEST OF ROSE-BREASTED GROSBEAK.</p></div>
+<br><br>
+<p>596. <span class="sc">Black-headed Grosbeak.</span> <i>Zamelodia melanocephala.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/367d.png">
+<p>Pale greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--United
+States, west of
+the Plains, breeding
+from Mexico
+north to British
+Columbia; winters
+south of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This species is of the size of the last
+(8 inches long), and is a bright cinnamon
+brown color with black head, and
+black and white wings and tail. The
+habits of this bird are the same as
+those of the Rose-breasted Grosbeak
+and its song is very similar but more
+lengthy. Their nests, like those of the
+last, are very flimsy structures placed
+in bushes or trees, usually below twenty
+feet from the ground; they are open
+frameworks of twigs, rootlets and
+weed stalks, through which the eggs
+can be plainly seen. The eggs are
+similar to those of the preceding but
+are usually of a paler color, the markings,
+therefore showing with greater
+distinctness. Size 1.00 &times; .70.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/367mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_366" id="Page_366"></a> 366
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/368ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/368a.png">
+<p>Blue Grosbeak.</p></div>
+
+<p>597. <span class="sc">Blue Grosbeak.</span> <i>Guiraca c&aelig;rulea.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/368b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Southeastern United
+States, breeding from the
+Gulf north to Pennsylvania
+and Illinois, and casually to
+New England.</p>
+
+<p>Smaller than the last two
+species and deep blue, with
+wings and tail blackish, and
+the lesser coverts and tips of
+greater, chestnut. It is a fairly common species
+in the southerly parts of its range, nesting
+most frequently in low bushes or vines
+in thickets; the nest is made of rootlets, weed
+stalks and grasses and sometimes leaves. The
+three or four eggs are bluish white, unmarked.
+Size .85 &times; .65. Data.--Chatham Co., Ga., June
+10, 1898. 3 eggs. Nest of roots, leaves and
+snake skin, lined with fine rootlets, 3 feet from
+the ground in a small oak bush.</p>
+
+<p>597a. <span class="sc">Western Blue Grosbeak.</span> <i>Guiraca c&aelig;rulea lazula.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States north to Kansas, Colorado and northern California.</p>
+
+<p>Slightly larger than the last and lighter blue; nests the same and egg not distinctive.</p>
+
+<p>598. <span class="sc">Indigo Bunting.</span> <i>Passerina cyanea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, east of the Plains, breeding north to Manitoba and
+Nova Scotia; winters south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/368c.png">
+<p>Indigo Bunting.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome species is rich indigo on the
+head and neck, shading into blue or greenish
+blue on the upper and under parts. They are
+very abundant in some localities along roadsides,
+in thickets and open woods, where their
+song is frequently heard, it being
+a very sweet refrain resembling,
+somewhat, certain
+passages from that of the
+Goldfinch.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/368d.png">
+<p>Pale bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>They nest at low
+elevations in thickets or
+vines, building their home of
+grass and weeds, lined with
+fine grass or hair, it being quite a substantial
+structure. The eggs, which are laid in June
+or July, are pale bluish white. Size .75 &times; .52.</p>
+
+<p>599. <span class="sc">Lazuli Bunting.</span> <i>Passerina am&oelig;na.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, breeding
+from Mexico to northern United States and the
+interior of British Columbia; east to Kansas.</p>
+
+<p>This handsome bird is of the size of <i>cyanea</i>,
+but is azure blue above and on the throat, the</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_367" id="Page_367"></a> 367
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/369a.png">
+<p>Lazuli Bunting.</p></div>
+<p>breast being brownish and the rest of the underparts,
+white.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/369b.png">
+<p>Pale bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>It is the western representative
+of the Indigo Bunting, and its
+habits and nesting habits are
+in all respects the same as
+those of that species, the
+nests being made of twigs,
+grasses, strips of bark, weeds,
+leaves, etc. The eggs are like
+those of the last, pale bluish
+white. Size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>600. <span class="sc">Varied Bunting.</span> <i>Passerina versicolor</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/369c.png">
+<p>Pale bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico and north to southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>The general color of this odd bird is purplish,
+changing to bright blue on the crown and
+rump, and with a reddish
+nape. They are quite abundant
+in some localities along
+the Lower Rio Grande, where
+they nest in bushes and tangled
+under brush, the nests being like those of the last
+species, and rarely above five feet from the ground. The eggs
+are pale bluish white, three or four in number, and laid during
+May or June. Size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>600a. <span class="sc">Beautiful Bunting.</span> <i>Passerina versicolor pulchra.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Slightly smaller but very similar to the last; eggs will not differ.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/369d.png">
+<p>Varied Bunting.</p></div>
+
+<p>601. <span class="sc">Painted Bunting.</span> <i>Passerina ciris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States; north to Illinois in the interior.</p>
+
+
+<p>Without exception, this is the most gaudily
+attired of North American birds, the
+whole underparts being red, the head and
+neck deep blue, the back yellowish green, and
+the rump purple, the line of demarcation between
+the colors being sharp. They are frequently
+kept as cage birds but more for their
+bright colors than any musical ability, their
+song being of the character of the Indigo Bunting,
+but weaker and less musical.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/369e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p> They are
+very abundant in the South Atlantic and Gulf
+States, where they nest usually
+in bushes or hedges at low
+elevations, but occasionally
+on branches of tall trees.
+Their nests are made of
+weeds, shreds of bark,
+grasses, etc., lined with fine
+grass, very much resembling
+that of the Indigo. Their
+eggs are laid in May, June or July, they frequently
+raising two broods; they are white or
+pale bluish white, speckled with reddish
+brown. Size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/369mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_368" id="Page_368"></a> 368
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/370ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/370a.png">
+<p>Painted Bunting.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>602. <span class="sc">Sharpe's Seed-eater.</span> <i>Sporophila morelleti morelleti</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern Mexico, breeding north to
+the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/370b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This peculiar, diminutive Finch is but 4.5
+inches in length, and in plumage is black, white
+and gray. In restricted localities in southern
+Texas, they are not uncommon during the summer
+months. They build in bushes or young
+trees at low elevations making their nests of
+fine grasses or fibres, firmly woven together
+and usually placed in an upright
+crotch. The eggs are pale
+greenish blue, plentifully speckled
+with reddish and umber
+brown, and some markings of
+lilac. Size .65 &times; .45. Data.--Brownsville,
+Texas, May 7, 1892.
+Nest of fine fibre-like material lined with horse
+hairs, on limb of small tree in open woods near
+a lake of fresh water; 6 feet above ground.
+Collector, Frank B. Armstrong. This set is in
+the collection of Mr. C. W. Crandall.</p>
+
+<p>603. <span class="sc">Grassquit.</span> <i>Tiaris bicolor.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This small Finch is a Cuban species which casually strays to southern
+Florida.</p>
+
+<p>They are abundant on the island, building large arched nests of grass, with a
+small entrance on the side. They lay from three to six white eggs, specked with
+brown. Size .65 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>603.1 <span class="sc">Melodious Grassquit.</span> <i>Tiaris canora.</i></p>
+
+<p>Another Cuban Finch which has been taken in the Florida Keys. Eggs like
+the last.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/370c.png">
+<p>Sharpe's Seed-eater.</p></div>
+
+<p>604. <span class="sc">Dickcissel.</span> <i>Spiza americana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of the United States, breeding
+from the Gulf to northern United States,
+west to the Rockies, east to the Alleghanies.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/370d.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>A sparrow-like Bunting with a yellow breast
+patch, line over eye and on side of throat;
+throat black, chin white and wing coverts chestnut.
+These sleek-coated, harmoniously colored
+birds are very common in dry bush-grown pastures
+and on the prairies.
+They are very persistent
+singers, and their song, while
+very simple, is welcome on
+hot days when other birds
+are quiet. They nest anywhere,
+as suits their fancy,
+on the ground, in clumps of
+grass, in clover fields, bushes,
+low trees, or in thistles. The nests are made
+of weeds, grasses, leaves and rootlets, lined
+with fine grass, and the three to five eggs are
+bluish white. Size .80 &times; .60.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_369" id="Page_369"></a> 369
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/371a.png">
+<p>Dickcissel.</p></div>
+<p>605. <span class="sc">Lark Bunting.</span> <i>Calamospiza melanocorys.</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--A bird of the Plains, abundant from
+western Kansas to eastern Colorado and north
+to the Canadian border; winters in Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/371b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These black and white birds have a sweet
+song which they often utter while on the wing
+after the manner of the Bobolink,
+all their habits being
+similar to those of this bird,
+except that this species likes
+the broad dry prairies where
+it nests on the ground under
+the protection of a tuft of
+grass or a low bush. Their
+four or five eggs are like
+those of the last but slightly larger. Size .85
+&times; .65. Data.--Franklin Co., Kansas. 4 eggs.
+Nest in cornfield in a hollow on the ground at
+the base of a stalk; made of straw and weeds.</p>
+
+<h2>TANAGERS. Family TANAGRID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>607. <span class="sc">Western Tanager.</span> <i>Piranga ludoviciana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, west of the Plains and north to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/371c.png">
+<p>Lark Bunting.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/371d.png">
+<p>Bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome species is black and yellow, with an orange or reddish head.
+They are common and breed in suitable localities through their range, nesting
+as do the eastern Tanagers in trees usually at a low elevation, the nests being
+saddled on the forks of horizontal branches; they are made of rootlets, strips
+of bark, and weed stalks,
+and are usually frail like
+those of the Grosbeaks.
+Their eggs, which are laid
+in May or June, are bluish
+green, specked with brown
+of varying shades. Size
+.95 &times; .65.</p>
+
+
+<p>608. <span class="sc">Scarlet Tanager.</span> <i>Piranga erythromelas.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/371e.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>These beautiful scarlet
+and black birds frequent,
+chiefly, woodlands, although
+they are very often
+found breeding in orchards
+and small pine
+groves. They are quiet
+birds, in actions, but their
+loud warbling song is
+heard at a great distance, and is readily recognized
+by its peculiarity.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/371mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_370" id="Page_370"></a> 370
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/372ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/372a.png">
+<p>Scarlet Tanager.</p></div>
+<p>They nest upon horizontal limbs or forks at elevations of four to
+twenty feet, making frail nests of twigs, rootlets
+and weeds; they are often found in pine
+trees, but apparently just as frequently in
+other kinds. Their eggs are greenish blue,
+specked and spotted with various shades of
+brown. Size .95 &times; .65. Data.--Holden, Mass.,
+May 31, 1898. Nest on low limb of an oak, 4
+feet above ground; of weeds and rootlets and
+very frail.</p>
+
+<p>609. <span class="sc">Hepatic Tanager.</span> <i>Piranga hepatica.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/372b.png">
+<p>Bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico,
+north to New Mexico and Arizona
+in summer.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to
+the next but is darker red on
+the upper parts and bright
+vermilion below. They nest
+on the lower horizontal
+branches of trees, usually live oaks, making
+the nests of rootlets and weeds; the eggs are bluish green, like those of the
+next, but the markings appear to average more blotchy and brighter. Size
+.92 &times; .64.</p>
+
+<p>610. <span class="sc">Summer Tanager.</span> <i>Piranga rubra rubra.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf to New York and Kansas,
+and casually farther; west to Texas; winters south of our borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/372c.png">
+<p>Summer Tanager.</p></div>
+
+<p>This bird is of the size of the Scarlet Tanager, but is of a uniform rosy red
+color, darker on the back. They are very common in the South Atlantic and
+Gulf States. Their nests are located at low elevations on horizontal branches
+of trees in open woods, edges of clearings, or
+along the roadside; the nests are made of
+strips of bark, weed stems, leaves, etc., and are
+frail like those of the other Tanagers.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/372d.png">
+<p>Light bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>Their
+eggs are light bluish green,
+speckled and spotted with
+reddish brown, and not
+distinguishable with certainty
+from those of the
+Scarlet Tanager. Size .92 &times; .64.</p>
+
+<p>610a. <span class="sc">Cooper's Tanager.</span> <i>Piranga rubra cooperi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, breeding
+from the Mexican border and Texas north to
+central California and Nevada.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to but slightly larger than the last.
+There are no differences between the nesting
+of this form and the last and the eggs are not
+in any way different.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_371" id="Page_371"></a> 371
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/373.png"><br>
+SCARLET TANAGER.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_372" id="Page_372"></a> 372
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/374ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>SWALLOWS. Family HIRUNDINID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>611. <span class="sc">Purple Martin.</span> <i>Progne subis subis.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/374a.png">
+<p>Purple Martin.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds throughout the United States
+and temperate British America; winters in
+South America.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/374b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These large, lustrous, steely-blue Swallows
+readily adapt themselves to civilization and,
+throughout the east, may be found nesting in
+bird houses, provided by appreciative land
+owners or tenants; some of these houses are
+beautiful structures modeled
+after modern residences and
+tenanted by twenty or thirty
+pairs of Martins; others are
+plain, unpainted soap boxes
+or the like, but the birds
+seem to take to one as kindly
+as the other, making nests in
+their compartments of weeds, grass, mud,
+feathers, etc. They also, and most commonly
+in the west, nest in cavities of trees making
+nests of any available material. During June
+or July, they lay from four to six white eggs;
+size .95 &times; .65. Data.--Leicester, Mass., June
+16, 1903. 5 eggs in Martin house; nest of
+grasses.</p>
+
+<p>611a. <span class="sc">Western Martin.</span> <i>Progne subis hesperia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from Washington south.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits, eggs, and birds of this form are identical with those found
+in the east.</p>
+
+<p>611.1. <span class="sc">Cuban Martin.</span> <i>Progne cryptoleuca</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Cuba and southern Florida (in summer).</p>
+
+<p>Slightly smaller than the Purple Martin and
+the eggs average a trifle smaller.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/374c.png">
+<p>Cliff Swallow.</p></div>
+
+<p>612. <span class="sc">Cliff Swallow.</span> <i>Petrochelidon lunifrons lunifrons.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, breeding
+north from the south Atlantic and Gulf States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/374d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds can easily be recognized
+by their brownish throat
+and breast, whitish forehead and
+buffy rump. They build one of
+the most peculiar of nests, the
+highest type being a flask
+shaped structure of mud securely
+cemented to the face of a cliff or under the
+eaves of a building, the entrance being drawn
+out and small, while the outside of the nest
+proper is large and rounded; they vary from
+this typical nest down to plain mud platforms,
+but are all warmly lined with grass and
+feathers.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_373" id="Page_373"></a> 373
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/375a.png">
+<p>Barn Swallow.</p></div>
+<p>In some localities, cliffs resemble
+bee hives, they having thousands of these nests
+side by side and in tiers. Their eggs are
+creamy white spotted with reddish brown;
+size .80 &times; .55 with great variations. Data.--Rockford,
+Minn., June 12, 1890. Nest made
+of mud, lined with feathers; placed under the
+eaves of a freight house.</p>
+
+<p>612.1. <span class="sc">Cuban Cliff Swallow.</span> <i>Petrochelidon fulva.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--West Indies and Central America;
+accidental on Florida Keys.</p>
+
+<p>613. <span class="sc">Barn Swallow.</span> <i>Hirundo erythrogastra.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America; winters
+south to South America.</p>
+
+<p>This Swallow is the most beautiful and graceful
+of the family, and is a familiar sight to everyone, skimming over the meadows
+and ponds in long graceful sweeps, curves and turns, its lengthened outer
+tail feathers streaming behind.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/375b.png">
+<p>Tree Swallow.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/375c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Throughout their range, they nest in barns,
+sheds or any building where they will not be often disturbed, making their nests
+of mud and attaching them to the rafters; they are warmly lined with feathers
+and the outside is rough, caused by the pellets which they place on the exterior.
+Before the advent of civilized
+man, they attached their
+nests to the sides of caves,
+in crevices among rocks and
+in hollow trees, as they do
+now in some localities. Their
+eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of the Cliff Swallow.
+Data.--Penikese Is., Mass., July 2, 1900.
+Nest on beam in sheep shed; made of pellets of
+mud, lined with feathers.</p>
+
+<p>614. <span class="sc">Tree Swallow; White-bellied Swallow.</span> <i>Iridoprocne bicolor.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of temperate North America,
+breeding from middle United States northward;
+winters in the Gulf States and along the Mexican
+border and southward.</p>
+
+<p>This vivacious and active species is as well
+known as the last, and nests about habitations
+on the outskirts of cities and in the country.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/375deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/375mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_374" id="Page_374"></a> 374
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/376ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/376a.png">
+<p>615--616.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/376b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>They naturally nest in holes in trees or stumps, preferable
+in the vicinity of water, but large numbers now take up
+their abode in houses provided for them
+by man, providing that English Sparrows
+are kept away. They make their nests of
+straws and grasses, lined with feathers,
+and lay four to six plain white eggs;
+size .75 &times; .50. Data.--Portage, Mich.,
+May 26, 1897. Nest in a gate post; hole
+about 6 inches deep, lined with feathers.</p>
+
+<p>615. <span class="sc">Northern Violet-green Swallow.</span> <i>Tachycineta thalassina lepida.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States in the Rocky Mountains and west
+to the Pacific coast, breeding from Mexico to British Columbia;
+winters south of our borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/376c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>This very beautiful species is smaller than the last, but,
+like it, is white below, but the upper parts
+are blue, green and purple without gloss.
+They are common in their range and
+nest, usually in holes in trees, less often
+in banks and under eaves; the nests are
+made of grass and feathers, and the eggs
+are pure white, four or five in number;
+size .72 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>615a. <span class="sc">San Lucas Swallow.</span> <i>Tachycineta thalassina brachyptera.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California. Practically the same bird as the last
+but with the wing very slightly shorter. Nesting habits or eggs will not differ.</p>
+
+<p>615.1. <span class="sc">Bahaman Swallow.</span> <i>Callichelidon cyaneoviridis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Bahamas; casual at Dry Tortugas, Florida.</p>
+
+<p>This very beautiful species is similar to the western Violet-green Swallow, as
+are also its eggs.</p>
+
+<p>616. <span class="sc">Bank Swallow.</span> <i>Riparia riparia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of North America, north to the limit of trees, breeding from
+the middle portions of the United States northward; winters south of our
+borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/376d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This dull-colored Swallow is grayish above and white below,
+with a gray band across the breast, they breed in holes in embankments,
+digging small tunnels from one to three feet in
+length, enlarged and lined at the end with grass and feathers.
+During May, June or July, according to latitude, they lay from
+four to six pure white eggs; size .70 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>617. <span class="sc">Rough-winged Swallow.</span> <i>Stelgidopteryx serripennis.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/376e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>Range.--United States, breeding from Mexico north to southern New England,
+Manitoba and British Columbia; winters south of our borders.</p>
+
+<p>This species is slightly larger than the last and similar but
+with the throat and breast grayish and with the outer web of
+the outer primary provided with recurved hooks. They nest in
+holes in embankments, in crevices in cliffs or among stones
+of bridges or buildings. Their eggs are like those of the
+Bank Swallow but average a trifle larger; size .75 &times; .52.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_375" id="Page_375"></a> 375
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>WAXWINGS. Family AMPELID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>618. <span class="sc">Bohemian Waxwing.</span> <i>Bombycilla garrulus</i>.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/377a.png">
+<p>Bohemian Waxwing.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the Arctic regions except
+in the Rockies where it nearly reaches the
+United States; winters south to the northern
+tier of states.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/377b.png">
+<p>Dull bluish.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome crested, grayish brown Waxwing
+resembles the common Cedar Waxwing
+but is larger (length 8
+inches), has a black throat,
+much white and yellow on the
+wing and a yellow tip to tail.
+Their nests are made of rootlets,
+grass and moss, and situated
+in trees usually at a
+low elevation. The eggs resemble
+those of the Cedar-bird, but are larger
+and the marking more blotchy with indistinct
+edges; dull bluish blotched with blackish
+brown; size .95 &times; .70. Data.--Great Slave Lake,
+June 23, 1884. Nest in a willow 8 feet from
+the ground. Collected for Josiah Hooper.
+(Crandall collection).</p>
+
+<p>619. <span class="sc">Cedar Waxwing.</span> <i>Bombycilla cedrorum.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of temperate North America, breeding in the northern half
+of the United States and northward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/377c.png">
+<p>Cedar Waxwing.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds are very gregarious and go in large flocks during the greater
+part of the year, splitting up into smaller
+companies during the breeding season and
+nesting in orchards or groves and in any kind
+of tree either in an upright crotch or on a horizontal
+bough; the nests are made of grasses,
+strips of bark, moss, string, etc., and are
+often quite bulky. Their eggs are of a dull
+grayish blue color sharply speckled with blackish
+brown; size .85 &times; .60. Data.--Old Saybrook,
+Conn., June 22, 1900. Nest composed of
+cinquefoil vines, grasses, wool and cottony substances;
+situated on an apple
+tree branch about 10 feet
+from the ground. Collector,
+John N. Clark.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/377d.png">
+<p>Dull bluish.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species
+has a special fondness for
+cherries, both wild and cultivated,
+and they are often
+known as Cherry-birds. They
+also feed upon various berries, and frequently
+catch insects in the air after the manner of
+Flycatchers. Their only notes are a strange
+lisping sound often barely audible.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_376" id="Page_376"></a> 376
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/378ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/378a.png">
+<p>619--620.</p></div>
+
+<p>620. <span class="sc">Phainopepla.</span> <i>Phainopepla nitens</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States and Mexico; north
+to southern Utah and Colorado.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/378b.png">
+<p>Light gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>This peculiar crested species is wholly
+shining blue black except for a patch of
+white on the inner webs of the primaries.
+Their habits are somewhat like those of
+the Cedar-bird, they being restless, and
+feeding upon berries or insects, catching
+the latter in the air. They make loosely
+constructed nests of twigs, mosses, plant
+fibres, etc., placed on branches of trees, usually below 20
+feet from the ground, in thickets or open woods near water;
+the eggs are two or three in number, light gray, spotted
+sharply with black; size .88 &times; .65. Data.--Pasadena, Cal.,
+July 15, 1894. Nest in an oak 10 feet up; composed of
+weeds and string. Collector, Horace Gaylord.</p>
+
+<h2>SHRIKES. Family LANIID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>621. <span class="sc">Northern Shrike.</span> <i>Lanius borealis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding north of our borders;
+winters in northern half of the United States and casually
+farther south.</p><br>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/378c.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>All Shrikes are similar in nature and plumage, being
+grayish above and white below, with black wings, tail and ear patches, and
+with white outer tail feathers and bases of primaries; the present species may
+be known by its larger size (length over 10 inches) and wavy dusky lines on the
+breast. They are bold and cruel birds, feeding upon insects,
+small rodents and small birds, in the capture of
+which they display great cunning and courage; as they
+have weak feet, in order to tear their prey to pieces with
+their hooked bill, they impale it upon thorns. They nest
+in thickets and tangled underbrush, making their nests of
+vines, grasses, catkins, etc., matted together into a rude
+structure. During April or May they lay from four to
+six grayish white eggs, spotted and blotched
+with yellowish brown and umber; size 1.05
+&times; .75.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/378d.png">
+<p>Northern Shrike.</p></div>
+
+<p>622. <span class="sc">Loggerhead Shrike.</span> <i>Lanius ludovicianus ludovicianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, east of the Plains,
+breeding north to New England and Illinois;
+winters in Southern States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/378e.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Like the last but smaller
+(length 9 inches), not marked
+below and with the ear
+patches sharply defined. They
+nest in hedges or thickly tangled
+brush, showing a predilection
+for dense thorn
+bushes, where they place
+their piles of weeds, grasses, feathers and rubbish;
+the four or five eggs are laid in April
+or May; they are like those of the last, but
+smaller, averaging .96 &times; .72.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_377" id="Page_377"></a> 377
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/379.png"><br>
+LOGGERHEAD SHRIKE AND NEST.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_378" id="Page_378"></a> 378
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/380ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/380a.png">
+<p>Loggerhead Shrike.</p></div>
+
+<p>622a. <span class="sc">White-rumped Shrike.</span> <i>Lanius ludovicianus excubitorides.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, west of the Plains,
+breeding north to Manitoba and the Saskatchewan;
+winters south to Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>Like the last but paler and the rump white.
+Their nesting habits and eggs are in every respect
+like those of the Loggerhead Shrike.</p>
+
+<p>622b. <span class="sc">California Shrike.</span> <i>Lanius ludovicianus gambeli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast north to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the eastern form but with the
+breast washed with brownish and with indistinct
+wavy bars. The eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of the others.</p>
+
+<p>622c. <span class="sc">Island Shrike.</span> <i>Lanius ludovicianus anthonyi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Santa Barbara Islands, California. Like the last but smaller and
+darker. Eggs not distinguishable.</p>
+
+<h2>VIREOS. Family VIREONDID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>623. <span class="sc">Black-whiskered Vireo.</span> <i>Vireosylva calidris barbatula.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/380b.png">
+<p>622a--622b.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--A Central American species, breeding in Cuba,
+Bahamas and southern Florida.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/380c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Like the Red-eyed Vireo but with a
+dusky streak on either side of the chin.
+They build pensile nests of strips of bark
+and fibres, swung from the forks of
+branches. The eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of the next species,
+being white, more or less specked about
+the large end with reddish brown and umber. Size .78 &times; .55.</p>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/380deco.png"></p>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_379" id="Page_379"></a> 379
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/381.png"><br>
+YOUNG SHRIKES (All ready for flight).</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_380" id="Page_380"></a> 380
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/382ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/382a.png">
+<p>Red-eyed Vireo.</p></div>
+
+<p>624. <span class="sc">Red-eyed Vireo.</span> <i>Vireosylva olivacea</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, east of the Rockies,
+breeding north to Labrador, Manitoba and British
+Columbia.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/382b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is the most common of the Vireos in
+the greater part of its range and is a most persistent
+songster, frequenting groves, open
+woods or roadsides. Their eyes are brown,
+scarcely if any more red than those of any
+other species and I have yet
+to see one with red eyes outside
+of mounted museum specimens.
+They swing their
+nests from the forks of trees
+at any elevation from the
+ground but usually below ten
+feet, and I have found them
+where the bottom rested on the ground; they
+are made of strips of bark, fibre, etc., and often
+have pieces of string or paper woven into the
+sides; they are one of the most beautiful of
+bird homes and are woven so strongly that old
+nests hang to the branches for several seasons.
+Their three or four eggs, often accompanied by
+one of the Cowbirds, are laid in May or June; they are white, sparingly specked
+with blackish brown. Size .85 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>625. <span class="sc">Yellow-green Vireo.</span> <i>Vireosylva flavoviridis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Texas and southward to South America.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the Red-eye but greener above and more yellowish on the sides.
+The nesting habits are the same and the eggs indistinguishable from those of
+that species.</p>
+
+<p>626. <span class="sc">Philadelphia Vireo.</span> <i>Vireosylva philadelphica</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States breeding from northern New England and
+Manitoba northward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/382c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/382d.png">
+<p>626-627.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is much smaller than the Red-eye (length 5 in.)
+and is yellowish below, and without black edges to the gray
+crown. Their eggs do not differ
+from those of the Red-eyed
+Vireo except in size,
+averaging .70 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>627. <span class="sc">Warbling Vireo.</span> <i>Vireosylva gilva gilva.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east to the Plains,
+breeding north to Labrador.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/382e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Vireo is nearly as abundant as the Red-eye
+but is not generally as well known, probably
+because it is usually higher in the trees
+and more concealed from view. Their nests
+are like those of the Red-eye, but smaller and
+usually placed higher in the trees. The birds
+are even more persistent singers, than are the
+latter but the song is more musical and delivered
+in a more even manner,
+as they creep about
+among the foliage, peering
+under every leaf for lurking
+insects. The eggs are pure
+white, spotted with brown or
+reddish brown. Size .72 &times; .52.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_381" id="Page_381"></a> 381
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/383.png"><br>
+RED-EYED VIREO ON NEST.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_382" id="Page_382"></a> 382
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/384ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/384a.png">
+<p>Yellow-throated Vireo.</p></div>
+
+<p>627a. <span class="sc">Western Warbling Vireo.</span> <i>Vireosylva gilva swainsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, breeding
+from Mexico to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>This species is like the last but said to be
+a trifle smaller and paler color. Its nesting
+habits and eggs are precisely like those of
+the eastern form.</p>
+
+<p>628. <span class="sc">Yellow-throated Vireo.</span> <i>Lanivireo flavifrons.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/384b.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east
+of the Plains, breeding from
+the Gulf to Manitoba and
+New Brunswick.</p>
+
+<p>This handsome bird is
+wholly unlike any others of
+the Vireos, having a bright
+yellow throat and breast; the
+upper parts are greenish and the wings and
+tail gray, the latter with two white bars. They
+are fairly common breeding birds in northern
+United States, placing their handsome basket-like
+structures in forks of branches and at any
+elevation from the ground; the nests are like those of the preceding Vireos but
+are frequently adorned on the outside with lichens, thereby adding materially
+to their natural beauty. The four or five eggs are pinkish or creamy white,
+speckled about the large end with reddish brown. Size .80 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>629. <span class="sc">Blue-headed Vireo.</span> <i>Lanivireo solitarius solitarius.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/384c.png">
+<p> White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from southern
+New England and the northern states north to Hudson Bay;
+winters in the Gulf States and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/384d.png">
+<p>Blue-headed Vireo.</p></div>
+
+<p>A beautiful Vireo with a slaty blue crown and nape, greenish
+back, white wing bars and underparts, the flanks being washed
+with greenish yellow; a conspicuous mark is the white eye
+ring and loral spot. They build firm, pensile, basket-like
+nests of strips of birch and grapevine bark, lined with fine
+grasses and hair, suspended from forks, usually
+at low elevation and often in pine or fir trees
+(of some twenty nests that I have found in
+New England all have been in low branches of
+conifers). Their three or four white eggs are
+specked with reddish brown. Size .80 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>629a. <span class="sc">Cassin's Vireo.</span> <i>Lanivireo solitarius cassini.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States west of the Rockies;
+north to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the last but with the back grayish.</p>
+
+<p>629b. <span class="sc">Plumbeous Vireo.</span> <i>Lanivireo solitarius plumbeus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region, breeding
+from Mexico to Dakota and Wyoming.</p>
+
+<p>Like the Blue-headed Vireo but with the
+yellowish wholly replaced by leaden gray.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_383" id="Page_383"></a> 383
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/385a.png">
+<p>Black-capped Vireo.</p></div>
+
+<p>629c. <span class="sc">Mountain Vireo.</span> <i>Lanivireo solitarius alticola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of Carolina and Georgia;
+winters in Florida.</p>
+
+<p>Said to be larger and darker than <i>solitarius</i>
+proper. From all accounts, the habits, nests
+or eggs of this species differ in no wise from
+many of those of the northern Solitary Vireo,
+whose nests show great variations in size and
+material.</p>
+
+<p>629d. <span class="sc">San Lucas Vireo.</span> <i>Lanivireo solitarius lucasanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to cassini but with the flanks more
+yellow. Their nesting habits or eggs will not
+differ from the others.</p>
+
+<p>630. <span class="sc">Black-capped Vireo.</span> <i>Vireo atricapillus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Central Texas north to Kansas;
+winters in Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/385b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This peculiar Vireo has a black crown and sides of head,
+broken by a white eye ring and loral stripe; upper parts greenish,
+below white. They appear to be fairly common in certain
+localities of their restricted range, and nest at low elevations in
+mesquites or oaks, placing the nests in forks the same as other
+Vireos; they are of the ordinary Vireo architecture, lined with
+grasses. The three or four eggs are pure white, unmarked. Size
+.70 &times; .50. Data.--Comal Co., Texas, May 21, 1888, 4 eggs. Nest
+located in a scrub Spanish oak, 5 feet from the ground.</p>
+
+<p>631. <span class="sc">White-eyed Vireo.</span> <i>Vireo griseus griseus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/385c.png">
+<p>White-eyed Vireo.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf to northern United
+States.</p>
+
+<p>This Vireo has white eyes, as implied by its
+name, is yellowish green on the sides and with
+two prominent bars. They have no song, like
+the other Vireos, but a strange medley of notes
+resembling those of the Chat or Shrike.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/385d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>They
+nest near the ground in tangled
+thickets, making large
+nests for the size of the birds
+and not always suspended;
+they are made of weeds,
+leaves, grass, bark or any
+trash. Their three or four
+eggs are laid late in May or
+early in June; they are white, sparingly speckled
+with brown; size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>631a. <span class="sc">Key West Vireo.</span> <i>Vireo griseus maynardi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Florida.</p>
+
+<p>This grayer and paler variety nests in the
+same manner and the eggs are not distinct
+from those of the last form.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/385mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_384" id="Page_384"></a> 384
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/386ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/386a.png">
+<p>629a--632.</p></div>
+<p>631b. <span class="sc">Bermuda Vireo.</span> <i>Vireo griseus bermudianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Bermudas.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is said to be slightly smaller and to have
+no yellow on the sides. Its eggs are probably the same as
+those of the others.</p>
+
+<p>631c. <span class="sc">Small White-eyed Vireo.</span> <i>Vireo griseus micrus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern Mexico north to southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>Said to be slightly smaller and grayer than the common
+White-eyed Vireo. Its eggs will not differ.</p>
+
+<p>632. <span class="sc">Hutton's Vireo.</span> <i>Vireo huttoni huttoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Resident on the California coast; chiefly in
+the southern parts.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/386b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>A similar species to <i>noveboracensis</i> but
+with the under parts tinged with yellow.
+These birds are quite common but shy, nesting
+at any height from the ground in open
+woods or groves; the nests are made of
+grasses and moss and swung from forked
+limbs; the three or four eggs are pure white,
+finely specked with reddish brown. Size .70 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>632a. <span class="sc">Stephen's Vireo.</span> <i>Vireo huttoni stephensi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northwestern Mexico and the boundary of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/386c.png">
+<p>633a-634.</p></div>
+
+<p>This variety, which is more yellowish than the last, appears to be rather uncommon
+but as far as I can learn its habits and nesting do not differ from those
+of the other Vireos; the eggs are white, specked with brown. Size .70 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>632c. <span class="sc">Anthony's Vireo.</span> <i>Vireo huttoni obscurus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from Oregon (and Cal. in winter)
+to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits and eggs of this darker and smaller
+variety are the same in all respects as those of the Hutton's
+Vireo.</p>
+
+<p>633. <span class="sc">Bell's Vireo.</span> <i>Vireo belli belli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of the United States, breeding from
+Texas to Minnesota and Dakota.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/386d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>The nesting habits of this smaller species
+are just the same as those of the larger varieties,
+they suspending their small grass-woven
+baskets in the forks of bushes or
+trees and usually at a low elevation. Their
+nests are handsome and compact little structures,
+being often made almost wholly of
+strips of bark lined with very fine grasses. The eggs are
+white, specked with reddish brown. Size .70 &times; .50. Data.--Austin,
+Texas, June 16, 1898. Nest of strips of bark,
+fibres and grasses, neatly woven and swung from the fork
+of a low bush, 2 feet from the ground.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_385" id="Page_385"></a> 385
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>633a. <span class="sc">Least Vireo.</span> <i>Vireo belli pusillus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico, Arizona and southern California.</p>
+
+<p>This Vireo is slightly smaller and grayer than the last; they are quite common
+in southern Arizona, nesting the same as Bell's at low elevations in bushes
+or small trees. The eggs cannot be distinguished from those of <i>belli</i>.</p>
+
+<p>634. <span class="sc">Gray Vireo.</span> <i>Vireo vicinior.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/387a.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States from western Texas, southern California
+and Nevada southward.</p>
+
+<p>This species is grayish above and grayish white below, with
+white eye ring, lores and wing bar. They are not uncommon
+birds in the Huachuca Mts. of southern Arizona, where they
+nest in bushes at low elevations, making the semi-pensile structures
+of woven strips of bark and grasses, lined with fine round
+grasses attached by the rim to a fork and sometimes stayed on
+the side by convenient twigs. Eggs white, specked with brown.
+Size .72 &times; .53.</p>
+
+
+<h2>HONEY CREEPERS. Family COEREBID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>635. <span class="sc">Bahama Honey Creeper.</span> <i>C&oelig;reba bahamensis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Bahamas, casually to southern Florida and the Keys.</p>
+
+<p>This peculiar curved-billed species is dark brown above, with the underparts,
+superciliary line and spot at base of primaries, whitish; the rump and a breast
+patch are yellow. They nest at low elevations in bushes or trees usually in
+tangled thickets, making a large dome-shaped nest of grasses, leaves and fibres
+and, during May or June, lay from three to five pale creamy white eggs, speckled
+sparingly all over the surface and more abundantly at the large end with reddish
+brown. Size .65 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<h2>WARBLERS. Family MNIOTILTID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>Warblers as a family may be classed as the most beautiful, interesting and
+useful birds that we have. With few exceptions, they only return from their
+winter quarters as the trees shoot forth their leaves or flowers, they feed largely
+among the foliage upon small, and mostly injurious, insects. They are very
+active and always flitting from branch to branch, showing their handsome
+plumage to the best advantage. Their songs are simple but effectively delivered
+and the nests are of a high order of architecture.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/387b.png">
+<p>Black and White Warbler.</p></div>
+
+<p>636. <span class="sc">Black and White Warbler.</span> <i>Mniotilta varia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains,
+breeding from the Gulf States north to the
+Hudson Bay region; winters from our southern
+borders to South America.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/387c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>This striped black and white
+Warbler is usually seen creeping
+about tree trunks and branches
+after the manner of a Nuthatch.
+They are very active gleaners
+and of inestimable value to man.
+They nest on the ground in
+woods or swamps, making their nest of strips
+of bark and grass, placed among the leaves
+usually beside stones, stumps or fallen trees.
+Their three to five eggs are white, finely
+specked and wreathed with reddish brown.
+Size .65 &times; .50. Data.--Worcester, Mass., June
+3, 1889. Nest of strips of bark on the ground
+in an old decayed stump.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/387mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_386" id="Page_386"></a> 386
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/388ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/388a.png">
+<p>Prothonotary Warbler.</p></div>
+<p>637. <span class="sc">Prothonotary Warbler.</span> <i>Prothonotaria citrea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States,
+north in the interior to Iowa and Illinois.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/388b.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is often known
+as the Golden Swamp Warbler
+because of the rich golden
+yellow of the head and underparts.
+They frequent and
+nest in the vicinity of swamps
+or ponds, nesting in the cavities
+of trees or stubs at low
+elevations, filling the cavity with leaves, moss
+and grasses, neatly cupped to receive the four
+to seven eggs, which are creamy or pinkish
+white, profusely spotted with reddish brown
+and chestnut. Size .72 &times; .55. Data.--Quincy,
+Mo., June 1, 1897. 5 eggs. Nest in hole of
+a dead stub 6 feet up, in timber some distance
+from water; made of moss and grasses, lined
+with hair.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/388c.png">
+<p>Swainson's Warbler.<br>
+Worm-eating Warbler.</p></div>
+
+<p>638. <span class="sc">Swainson's Warbler.</span> <i>Helinaia swainsoni.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/388d.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf
+States, north to Virginia and Indiana,
+and west to eastern Texas;
+winters in Mexico and the West
+Indies.</p>
+
+<p>This species is brownish above
+and white below, with a whitish
+superciliary stripe. It has been
+found breeding most numerously in thickets and
+tangled underbush about swamps and pools in
+any locality. Their nests are either in bushes or
+attached to upright rushes over water after the
+manner of the Long-billed Marsh Wren, being
+made of leaves, moss, rootlets, etc., lined with fine
+grasses or hair, and deeply cupped for the reception
+of the three or four unmarked white or bluish
+white eggs which are laid during May or June.
+Size .75 &times; .58. Data.--Near Charlestown, S. C.,
+May 12, 1888, 3 eggs. Nest in canes 4 feet from
+ground, made of strips of rushes, sweet gum and
+water oak leaves, lined with pine needles.</p>
+
+<p>639. <span class="sc">Worm-eating Warbler.</span> <i>Helmitheros vermivorus.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt=""
+ src="images/388e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east of the
+Plains, breeding north to southern
+New England and Illinois; winters
+south of our borders.</p>
+
+<p>This bird can be identified in all
+plumages by the three light buff
+and two black stripes on the crown
+and narrower black stripes through the eye. Their
+habits are similar to those of the Oven-bird, they
+feeding largely upon the ground amid dead leaves.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_387" id="Page_387"></a> 387
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/389a.png">
+<p>Bachman's Warbler.<br>
+Lawrence's Warbler.<br>
+Brewster's Warbler.</p></div>
+<p>They are quite abundant in most localities in their
+range, nesting in hollows on the ground in open
+woods or shrubbery on hill sides; the nest is made
+of leaves, grasses and rootlets, lined with hair or
+finer grasses, and is usually placed under the
+shelter of some small bush. They lay (in May,
+June or July) three to six eggs, white, marked or
+blotched either sparingly or heavily with chestnut
+or lavender. Size .70 &times; .52.</p>
+
+<p>640. <span class="sc">Bachman's Warbler.</span> <i>Vermivora bachmani.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southeastern United States, along the
+Gulf coast to Louisiana and north to Virginia and
+Missouri.</p>
+
+<p>This species is one of the rarest of the Warblers,
+but is now much more abundant than twenty
+years ago, when it had apparently disappeared.
+They are greenish above, and yellow below, and
+on the forehead and shoulder, and with black
+patches on the crown and breast. They have
+been found breeding in Missouri, nesting on the
+ground like others of this genus; the eggs are
+white wreathed about the large end and sparingly
+specked over the whole surface with reddish
+brown and chestnut. Size .65 &times; .50.</p>
+
+
+<p>641. <span class="sc">Blue-winged Warbler.</span> <i>Vermivora pinus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding north to southern New England and
+in the Mississippi Valley to Minnesota; winters south of our borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/389b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This common species has the crown and underparts yellow, line through the
+eye black, and white wing bars and spots on outer tail feathers. They breed
+most abundantly in the northern half of their United States
+range, placing their nests on the ground in thickets or on the
+edge of woods; the nests are made of strips of bark, usually
+grapevine, and leaves, and are usually high and deeply cupped,
+they are almost always placed among the upright shoots of
+young bushes. The eggs are white, finely specked with reddish
+brown with great variations as to markings. Size .65 &times; .50.
+Data.--Old Saybrook, Conn., June 1, 1900. 5 eggs. Nest composed chiefly of
+dry beech leaves and strips of cedar bark, lined with shreds of bark and fine
+grass; situated on the ground among a bunch of weeds in the woods.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/389mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_388" id="Page_388"></a> 388
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/390ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/390a.png">
+<p>Golden-winged Warbler.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>642. <span class="sc">Golden-winged Warbler.</span> <i>Vermivora chrysoptera.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding
+north to the southern parts of the British Provinces,
+winters south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/390b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This is a very handsome species with black
+throat and ear patches, and yellow crown and
+wing bars, the upper parts being
+gray and the lower white. They
+frequent low fields or hillsides
+where they nest among weeds
+or vines, making the nest of
+strips of bark, grasses and fibres,
+and locating it close to the
+ground in clumps of weeds, low bushes or
+briers. The three to five eggs are white with
+a very great diversity of markings, either
+heavily or minutely spotted or wreathed with
+chestnut and gray. Size .62 &times; .50.</p><br>
+
+<p>643. <span class="sc">Lucy's Warbler.</span> <i>Vermivora luci&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/390c.png">
+<p>Lucy's Warbler.<br>
+Virginia Warbler.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/390d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico, north
+commonly to Arizona and casually
+to southern Utah.</p>
+
+<p>This small gray and white Warbler
+is especially distinguished by a
+chestnut rump and patch in center
+of the crown. Besides nesting in
+forks of low bushes, this species is said to place
+the domiciles in almost any crevice or nook that
+suits their fancy, such as loose bark on tree
+trunks, holes in trees, or other birds' nests. The
+eggs which are usually laid during May are white,
+sparingly specked and wreathed with reddish
+brown. Size .60 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>644. <span class="sc">Virginia's Warbler.</span> <i>Vermivora virgini&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico, north to Arizona and
+New Mexico, and also less commonly to Colorado.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/390e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>This species is similar to the last but has the
+rump and a patch on the breast, yellow. They
+are found quite abundantly in some localities,
+usually on mountain ranges, nesting in hollows
+on the ground beside rocks, stumps or in crevices
+among the rocks; the nests are
+made of fine strips of bark and
+grasses, skillfully woven together,
+and the three to five eggs are pure
+white, specked and wreathed with
+reddish brown. Size .62 &times; .50.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_389" id="Page_389"></a> 389
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/391a.png">
+<p>Nashville Warbler.<br>
+Orange-crowned Warbler.</p></div>
+<p>645. <span class="sc">Nashville Warbler.</span> <i>Vermivora rubricapilla rubricapilla.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Plains,
+breeding from New York and Illinois north to
+Hudson Bay and Labrador; winters south of our
+borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/391b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This small species is yellow below
+and greenish above, with an
+ashy gray head and neck, enclosing
+a chestnut crown patch. They
+breed abundantly in New England,
+usually on side hills covered with
+clumps of young pines, the nests
+being placed flush with the surface of the ground
+and usually covered with overhanging grass; they
+are made of grasses and pine needles, the eggs
+are white, finely specked with bright reddish
+brown. Size .60 &times; .45. Data.--Worcester, Mass.,
+June 23, 1895. Nest of pine needles and grasses
+in hollow in the moss on a scrubby pine hillside.</p>
+
+<p>645a. <span class="sc">Calaveras Warbler.</span> <i>Vermivora rubricapilla gutturalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, breeding on
+ranges from California and Idaho north to British
+Columbia; winters in Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>A slightly brighter colored form of the last
+species. Their habits are the same and the eggs
+cannot be distinguished from those of the eastern
+bird.</p>
+
+<p>646. <span class="sc">Orange-crowned Warbler.</span> <i>Vermivora celata celata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, chiefly in the interior, breeding north of the United
+States except in the Rockies south to Arizona and New Mexico;
+winters in the Gulf States and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/391c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This plainly clad, greenish colored species has a concealed
+patch of orange brown on the crown. They have been found
+breeding about Hudson Bay and in the Mackenzie River district,
+placing their nests in hollows on the ground, usually on the
+side of banks or hills and concealed by small tufts of grass or
+bushes. The three or four eggs are white, speckled with reddish brown.
+Size .64 &times; .45.</p>
+
+<p>646a. <span class="sc">Lutescent Warbler.</span> <i>Vermivora celata lutescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast, breeding from California to Alaska; winters in Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the last but more yellowish below. They make their nests of
+leaves, rootlets, moss, etc., lined with hair, and placed on the ground, concealed
+by tufts of grass or by bushes. The eggs are like those of the last. Data.--Danville,
+Cal., April 21, 1898. Nest on the ground on a side hill; among weeds
+in the shade of a large oak.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/391mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_390" id="Page_390"></a> 390
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/392ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/392a.png">
+<p>Tennessee Warblers.<br>
+Olive Warblers.</p></div>
+<p>646b. <span class="sc">Dusky Warbler.</span> <i>Vermivora celata sordida.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Santa Barbara Islands, off California.</p>
+
+<p>Said to be duller colored and darker than the
+others. The eggs cannot be distinguished.</p>
+
+<p>647. <span class="sc">Tennessee Warbler.</span> <i>Vermivora peregrina.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from
+the northern tier of states, northward; winters to
+northern South America.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/392b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species has greenish upper
+parts, white lower parts and superciliary
+line, and gray crown and
+nape. They nest either on the
+ground or at low elevations in
+bushes, making the structure of
+grasses and fibres, lined with hair;
+they are found on wild, tangled hillsides and
+mountain ranges. The eggs are pure white, sparingly
+specked with reddish brown. Size .62 &times; .45.</p>
+
+<p>648. <span class="sc">Parula Warbler.</span> <i>Compsothlypis americana americana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding in the
+southern half.</p>
+
+<p>The upper parts of this handsome species are
+bluish gray with a greenish patch in the middle
+of the back; the throat and breast are yellow
+with a patch of black and chestnut.
+They are
+abundant birds in suitable localities, breeding in
+swamps, especially those with old or dead trees
+covered with hanging moss (usnea).</p><br>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/392c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>The nests may be found
+at any height from the ground, and are usually made by turning
+and gathering up the ends of the hanging moss to form a
+pocket, which is lined with fine grass or hair. The four to six
+eggs are white or creamy white, wreathed with specks of reddish
+brown and chestnut. Size .64 &times; .44.</p>
+
+<p>648a. <span class="sc">Northern Parula Warbler.</span> <i>Compsothlypis americana usne&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern half of eastern United States and southern Canada; winters
+from the Gulf States southward.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits of the northern form of the Blue-yellow-backed Warbler
+are in all respects like those of the last, and like them, where moss grown
+swamps are not to be found, they have been known to construct nests of moss
+suspended from branches of trees, or to nest in bunches of dead leaves. Data.--Oxford,
+Mass., June 7, 1895. Nest in a dead pine swamp; made in end of hanging
+moss about 6 feet from the ground. Large colony breeding.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_391" id="Page_391"></a> 391
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/393a.png">
+<p>Parula Warbler.<br>
+Sennett's Warbler.</p></div>
+<p>649. <span class="sc">Sennett's Warbler.</span> <i>Compsothlypis piti ayumi nigrilora.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern Mexico, north to the Lower
+Rio Grande Valley in Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the Parula but is more
+extensively yellow below, and has black lores and
+ear coverts. Their habits are the same as those
+of the last and their nests are generally placed in
+hanging moss, and are also said to have been
+found hollowed out in the mistletoe which grows
+on many trees in southern Texas, New Mexico and
+Arizona. The eggs cannot be distinguished from
+those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>650. <span class="sc">Cape May Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica tigrina.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/393b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America,
+breeding from northern New England
+and Manitoba northward; winters
+south of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This beautiful Warbler is yellow
+below and on the rump, streaked on
+the breast and sides with black;
+the ear coverts and sometimes the throat are
+chestnut. They are very local in their distribution
+both during migrations and in their breeding
+grounds. They nest in the outer branches of
+trees, preferably conifers, making the nest of
+slender twigs, rootlets, grasses, etc., lined with
+hair; the four or five eggs are white, variously
+specked with reddish brown and lilac; size .65
+&times; .48.</p>
+
+<p>651. <span class="sc">Olive Warbler.</span> <i>Peucedramus olivaceus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of New Mexico and Arizona southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/393c.png">
+<p>Grayish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This peculiar species may readily be recognized by its saffron or orange-brown
+colored head and neck, with broad black bar through the eye. They
+nest at high elevations in coniferous trees on the mountain sides, placing their
+nests either on the horizontal boughs or forks at the end of them.
+The nests are very beautiful structures made of moss, lichens,
+fine rootlets and grasses and setting high on the limb like those
+of the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. The eggs are grayish white with
+a bluish tinge, thickly speckled with blackish; size .64 &times; .48.
+Data.--Huachuca Mts., Arizona, June 21, 1901. Nest in a sugar
+pine near extremity of branch, 25 feet from the ground and 20
+feet out from the trunk of the tree; composed of lichens and fine rootlets, lined
+with plant down.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/393deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/393mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_392" id="Page_392"></a> 392
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/394ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/394a.png">
+<p>Cape May Warblers.<br>
+Yellow Warblers.</p></div>
+<p>652. <span class="sc">Yellow Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica &aelig;stiva &aelig;stiva.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the whole or North America;
+winters south of our borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/394b.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This well known and very common species is
+wholly yellow, being more or less greenish on
+the back, wings and tail, and the male is streaked
+on the sides with chestnut. They nest anywhere
+in trees or bushes, either in woods, pastures,
+parks or dooryards, and their sprightly song is
+much in evidence throughout the summer. The
+nests are usually placed in upright
+crotches or forks, and are made of
+vegetable fibres and fine grasses
+compactly woven together and lined
+with plant down and hair; the eggs,
+which are laid in May or June, are
+greenish white, boldly specked in
+endless patterns with shades of brown and lilac;
+size .65 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>652a. <span class="sc">Sonora Yellow Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica &aelig;stiva sonorana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Arizona, New Mexico and western
+Texas, southward.</p>
+
+<p>This form is brighter yellow, especially above,
+than the last. The nesting habits are the same
+and the eggs indistinguishable from those of the
+preceding.</p>
+
+<p>652b. <span class="sc">Alaska Yellow Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica &aelig;stiva rubiginosa.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in Alaska and on the coast
+south to Vancouver; winters south of the United
+States.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the common Yellow Warbler but slightly darker above; its eggs
+and nesting habits are the same.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/394deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_393" id="Page_393"></a> 393
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/395.png"><br>
+NEST OF YELLOW WARBLER.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_394" id="Page_394"></a> 394
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/396ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/396a.png">
+<p>Mangrove Warblers.<br>
+Black-throated Blue Warblers.</p></div>
+
+<p>653. <span class="sc">Mangrove Warbler.</span> Dendroica bryanti castaneiceps.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/396b.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California
+and western Mexico and
+Central America.</p>
+
+<p>This species is very similar to
+the Yellow Warbler but the entire
+head and neck of the male
+are yellowish chestnut. Their
+nesting habits or eggs do not vary in any essential
+particular from those of the common Yellow-birds
+of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>654. <span class="sc">Black-throated Blue Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica c&aelig;rulescens c&aelig;rulescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from
+northern United States northward; winters in
+the Gulf States and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/396c.png">
+<p>Buffy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These black-throated bluish-backed Warblers
+are abundant in swampy woodland both during
+migrations and at their breeding grounds; either
+sex can readily be identified in any plumage, by
+the presence of a small white spot at the base of
+the primaries. They nest in underbrush or low
+bushes only a few inches above the ground, making
+the nests of bark strips, moss rootlets, etc.,
+lined with fine grasses or hair;
+the eggs are pale buffy white
+more or less dotted with pale
+brownish; size .65 &times; .50. Data.--Warren,
+Pa., June 9, 1891. 3
+eggs. Nest one foot from the
+ground in brush; made of fine
+pieces of rotten wood, laurel bark and lined with
+fine grasses.</p>
+
+<p>654a. <span class="sc">Cairns Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica c&aelig;rulescens cairnsi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountain ranges of North Carolina to Georgia.</p>
+
+<p>A darker form whose habits and eggs are identical with those of the last.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/396deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_395" id="Page_395"></a> 395
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/397a.png">
+<p>Myrtle Warblers.<br>
+Audubon's Warblers.</p></div>
+<p>655. <span class="sc">Myrtle Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica coronata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from
+northern United States northward. Winters in
+the southern half of eastern United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/397b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This beautiful gray, white and
+black Warbler can readily be identified
+by its yellow rump, side
+patches and crown patch. It is one
+of our most common species during
+migrations when it is found west
+to the Rockies and casually farther.
+They nest on the lower branches of coniferous
+trees, making their homes of rootlets, plant
+fibres and grasses; during June or the latter part
+of May, three or four eggs are laid; they are white,
+spotted with several shades of brown and lilac;
+size .70 &times; .50. Data.--Lancaster, N. H., June 7,
+1888. Nest in a small spruce, about 6 feet up;
+made of fine twigs, lined with feathers.</p>
+
+<p>656. <span class="sc">Audubon's Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica auduboni auduboni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountain ranges of western United
+States from British Columbia to Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/397c.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This bird resembles the last in the location of
+the yellow patches but has a yellow
+instead of a white throat, and is
+otherwise differently marked. They
+are as abundant in suitable localities
+as are the Myrtle Warblers in
+the east, nesting on the outer
+branches of coniferous trees at any
+height from the ground. The nests are made of
+bark strips, rootlets, plant fibre, grasses and pine
+needles, the three to five eggs are greenish or bluish white marked with brown
+and lilac; size .68 &times; .52. The one figured is from a beautiful set of four in Mr.
+C. W. Crandall's collection, and the ground color is a delicate shade of blue.
+Data.--Spanaway, Washington, April 23, 1902. Nest on the limb of a large fir
+in a clump of three in prairie country.</p>
+
+<p>656a. <span class="sc">Black-fronted Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica auduboni nigrifrons.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of southern Arizona and Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the preceding, but with the forehead and ear coverts black. Their
+nests and eggs are in no way different from those of Audubon's Warbler.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/397deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/397mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_396" id="Page_396"></a> 396
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/398ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/398a.png">
+<p>Magnolia Warblers.<br>
+Cerulean Warblers.</p></div>
+
+<p>657. <span class="sc">Magnolia Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica magnolia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Rockies,
+breeding from northern United States to Hudson
+Bay region and in the Alleghanies, south to Pennsylvania.
+Winters south of our borders. This
+species, which is one of the most beautiful of the
+Warblers, is entirely yellow below and on the
+rump, the breast and sides being heavily streaked
+with black; a large patch on the
+back and the ear coverts are black.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/398b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>They build in coniferous trees at
+any elevation from the ground,
+making their nests of rootlets and
+grass stems, usually lined with
+hair; the eggs are dull white,
+specked with pale reddish brown; size .65 &times; .48.
+Data.--Worcester, Mass., May 30, 1895. 4 eggs.
+Nest of fine rootlets and grasses about 30 feet
+up on the end of a limb of a pine overhanging a
+brook.</p>
+
+<p>658. <span class="sc">Cerulean Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica c&aelig;rulea</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east of the Plains, breeding
+chiefly in the northern half of the Mississippi
+Valley, rare east of the Alleghanies and casual in
+New England.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/398c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These beautiful
+Warblers are light blue gray above,
+streaked with black on back, white
+below, with a grayish blue band on
+breast and streaks on the sides;
+they have two wide white wing bars
+and spots on the outer tail feathers.
+They are found chiefly in the higher trees where
+they glean on the foliage; they build also usually
+above twenty feet from the ground in any kind of
+tree, placing the nests well out on the horizontal
+limbs, generally in a fork. The nests are made of
+fine strips of bark, fibres, rootlets, etc., lined with hair; the eggs are white or
+pale bluish white, specked with reddish brown; size .62 &times; .48. Data.--Fargo,
+Ontario, June 2, 1901. Nest in a burr oak, 18 feet from the ground on a horizontal
+limb.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/398d.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_397" id="Page_397"></a> 397
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/399.png"><br>
+NEST OF MAGNOLIA WARBLER.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_398" id="Page_398"></a> 398
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/400ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/400a.png">
+<p>Chestnut-sided Warblers.<br>
+Bay-breasted Warblers.</p></div>
+
+<p>659. <span class="sc">Chestnut-sided Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica pensylvanica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, east of the Plains, breeding
+in the Middle States and Illinois, north to Manitoba
+and New Brunswick. Winters south of our
+border.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/400b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>The adults of this handsome species
+may readily be known by the
+white underparts and the broad
+chestnut stripe on the flanks; the
+crown is yellow. They frequent low
+brush in open woods or on hillsides
+and pastures, nesting at low elevations,
+usually below three feet from the ground,
+and often concealing their nests beneath the
+leaves in the tops of low small bushes. The nests
+are made of grasses, weed stems and some fibres,
+but they do not have as wooly an appearance as
+those of the Yellow Warblers which nest in the
+same localities and similar locations. Their eggs
+are white or creamy white (never greenish white),
+specked with brown and gray. Size .65 &times; .50.
+Data.--Worcester, Mass., June 6, 1890. Nest in
+the top of a huckleberry bush, 2 feet from the
+ground; made of grasses and plant fibres. Bird
+did not leave nest until touched with the hand.</p>
+
+<p>660. <span class="sc">Bay-breasted Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica castanea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains,
+breeding from northern United States north to
+the Hudson Bay; winters in Central and South
+America.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/400c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species has the crown, throat and sides a
+rich chestnut; forehead and face black; underparts white. They
+nest in coniferous trees in swampy places, making their nests
+of bark shreds and rootlets and placing them in horizontal
+forks at elevations of from five to thirty feet from the ground.
+The three or four eggs are laid late in May or during June;
+they are white, usually quite heavily spotted and blotched with
+reddish brown, umber and grayish. Size .70 &times; .50.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/400deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_399" id="Page_399"></a> 399
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/401a.png">
+<p>Black-poll Warblers.<br>
+Blackburnian Warblers.</p></div>
+<p>661. <span class="sc">Black-poll Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica striata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Rockies,
+breeding from northern United States north to
+Labrador and Alaska; winters in South America.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/401b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This black and white Warbler has
+a solid black cap, and the underparts
+are white, streaked with
+black on the sides. In the woods
+they bear some resemblance to the
+Black and White Warbler, but do
+not have the creeping habits of that
+species. During migrations they are found in
+equal abundance in swamps or orchards. In their
+breeding range, they nest at low elevations in
+stunted pines or spruces, making their nests of
+rootlets and lichens, lined with feathers. The
+eggs are dull whitish, spotted or blotched with
+brown and neutral tints. Size .72 &times; .50. Data.--Grand
+Manan, N. B., June 12, 1883. Nest and
+four eggs on branch of a stunted spruce 2 feet
+from the ground.</p>
+
+<p>662. <span class="sc">Blackburnian Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica fusca.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, east of the Plains,
+breeding from Massachusetts and Minnesota north
+to Hudson Bay; south in the Alleghanies to the
+Carolinas. Winters in Central and South America.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/401c.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is, without exception, the most exquisite
+of the family; the male can always be
+known by the bright orange throat, breast and
+superciliary stripe, the upper parts being largely
+black. They arrive with us when the apple trees
+are in bloom and after a week's delay pass on to
+more northerly districts. Their nests are constructed of rootlets,
+fine weed stalks and grasses, lined with hair, and are placed on
+horizontal limbs of coniferous trees. The three or four eggs are
+greenish white, speckled, spotted and blotched with reddish
+brown and neutral tints. Size .70 &times; .48. Data.--Lancaster, Mass.,
+June 21, 1901. Nest in a white pine, 38 feet from the ground on
+a limb 4 feet from the trunk; composed of fine rootlets and hair,
+resembling the nest of a Chipping Sparrow.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/401deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/401mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_400" id="Page_400"></a> 400
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/402.png"><br>
+BLACKBURNIAN WARBLERS.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_401" id="Page_401"></a> 401
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/403a.png">
+<p>Yellow-throated Warblers.<br>
+Grace's Warblers.</p></div>
+
+<p>663. <span class="sc">Yellow-throated Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica dominica dominica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States, north
+to Virginia and casually farther; winters in Florida
+and the West Indies.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/403b.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species has gray upper parts with two
+white wing bars, the throat, breast and superciliary
+line are yellow, and the lores,
+cheeks and streaks on the sides
+are black. These birds nest abundantly
+in the South Atlantic States,
+usually in pines, and either on horizontal
+limbs or in bunches of Spanish
+moss. The nests are made of
+slender pieces of twigs, rootlets and strips of
+bark, and lined with either hair or feathers, the
+eggs are three to five in number, pale greenish
+white, specked about the large end with reddish
+brown and gray. Size .70 &times; .50. Data.--Raleigh,
+N. C., May 3, 1890. Nest 43 feet up on
+limb of pine; made of grasses and hair.</p>
+
+<p>663a. <span class="sc">Sycamore Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica dominica albilora.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mississippi Valley, breeding north to
+Ohio and Illinois, and west to Kansas and Texas;
+winters south of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is precisely like the last except that
+the superciliary stripe is usually white. Their
+nesting habits are precisely like those of the
+last, and the nests are usually on horizontal
+branches of sycamores; the eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of the Yellow-throated
+Warbler.</p>
+
+<p>664. <span class="sc">Grace's Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica graci&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States, abundant in Arizona and New Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/403c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Warbler is similar in markings and colors to the Yellow-throated
+variety except that the cheeks are gray instead of black.
+The nesting habits of the two species are the same, these birds
+building high in coniferous trees; the nests are made of rootlets
+and bark shreds, lined with hair or feathers; the eggs are white,
+dotted with reddish brown and lilac. Size .68 &times; .48.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/403deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/403mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_402" id="Page_402"></a> 402
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/404ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/404a.png">
+<p>Black-throated Warblers.<br>
+Golden-cheeked Warblers.</p></div>
+
+<p>665. <span class="sc">Black-throated Gray Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica nigrescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States from the Rockies to the
+Pacific coast and north to British Columbia; winters
+south of our borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/404b.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>The general color of this species
+is grayish above and white below as
+is a superciliary line and stripe
+down the side of the throat; the
+crown, cheeks and throat are black
+and there is a yellow spot in front
+of the eye. They inhabit woodland
+and thickets and are common in
+such localities from Arizona to Oregon, nesting
+usually at low elevations in bushes or shrubs;
+the nests are made of grasses and fibres,
+woven together, and lined with hair or fine
+grasses, resembling, slightly, nests of the Yellow
+Warbler. The eggs are white or greenish white,
+specked with reddish brown and umber. Size
+.65 &times; .52. Data.--Waldo, Oregon, June 1, 1901.
+Nest 3 feet from the ground in a small oak in
+valley. Collector, C. W. Bowles. (Crandall collection.)</p>
+
+<p>666. <span class="sc">Golden-cheeked Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica chrysoparia.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Central and southern Texas south to
+Central America.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/404c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This beautiful and rare species
+is entirely black above and on the
+throat, enclosing a large bright yellow
+patch about the eye and a
+small one on the crown. In their
+very restricted United States range,
+the birds are met with in cedar timber where they
+nest at low elevations in the upright forks of young trees of this variety. Their
+nests are made of strips of cedar bark, interwoven with plant fibres and spider
+webs making compact nests, which they line with hair and feathers. Their
+three or four eggs are white, dotted and specked with reddish brown and umber.
+Size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/404deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_403" id="Page_403"></a> 403
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/405a.png">
+<p>Black-throated Green Warbler.<br>
+Townsend's Warblers.</p></div>
+<p>667. <span class="sc">Black-throated Green Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica virens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from
+southern New England, South Carolina in the Alleghanies,
+and Illinois north to Hudson Bay; winters
+south of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/405b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These common eastern birds are
+similar to the last but the entire
+upper parts are olive greenish.
+They are nearly always found, and
+always nest, in pines, either groves
+or hillsides covered with young
+pines. The nests are usually placed
+out among the pine needles where they are very
+difficult to locate, and resemble nests of the Chipping
+Sparrow. I have found them at heights ranging
+from six to forty or fifty feet from the ground.
+The three or four eggs, which they lay in June,
+are white, wreathed and speckled with brownish
+and lilac. Size .60 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>668. <span class="sc">Townsend's Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica townsendi.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/405c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States,
+from the Rockies to the Pacific and
+from Alaska southward; winters in
+Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This is the common western representative
+of the last species, and
+is similar but has black ear patches
+and the crown is black. They nest
+in coniferous woods throughout their United
+States and Canadian range, the nests being placed
+at any height from the ground and being constructed
+like those of the Black-throated Green.
+Their eggs are not distinguishable from those of
+the latter. Size .60 &times; .50.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/405deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/405mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_404" id="Page_404"></a> 404
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/406ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/406a.png">
+<p>Hermit Warblers.<br>
+Kirtland's Warblers.</p></div>
+
+<p>669. <span class="sc">Hermit Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States and British Columbia
+chiefly on the higher ranges. Winters
+south to Central America.</p>
+
+<p>This peculiar species has the entire head
+bright yellow and the throat black; upperparts
+grayish, underparts white. They are found nesting
+in wild rugged country, high up in pine trees,
+the nests being located among bunches of needles
+so that they are very difficult to find. The nests
+are made of rootlets, shreds of bark, pine needles,
+etc., lined with fine grasses or hair. The three or
+four eggs are laid during June or the latter part
+of May; they are white or creamy white, and
+sometimes with a faint greenish tinge, specked
+and wreathed with brown and lilac gray. Size
+.68 &times; .52.</p>
+
+<p>670. <span class="sc">Kirtland's Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica kirtlandi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States; apt to be found
+in any of the South Atlantic, Middle or Central
+States, and in Ontario, Canada. Winters in the
+Bahamas where by far the greater number of
+specimens have been found.</p>
+
+<p>This very rare Warbler is bluish gray above,
+streaked with black, and yellow below with the
+throat and sides streaked. Until the summer of
+1903, the locality where they bred was a mystery.
+The capture of a specimen, in June, in Oscodo Co.,
+Michigan, led to the search for the nests by N.
+A. Wood, taxidermist for the Michigan Museum
+at Ann Arbor. He was successful in his quest
+and found two nests with young and one egg. The
+nest in which the egg was found contained two
+young birds also. It was in a depression in the
+ground at the foot of a Jack pine tree and only a few feet from a cart road.
+The nest was made of strips of bark and vegetable fibres, lined with grass and
+pine needles. The egg is white, sprinkled with brown in a wreath about the
+large end. Size .72 &times; .56. It is estimated that there were thirteen pairs of the
+birds in this colony.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/406deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_405" id="Page_405"></a> 405
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/407a.png">
+<p>Pine Warblers.<br>
+Palm Warblers.</p></div>
+
+<p>671. <span class="sc">Pine Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica vigorsi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from
+the Gulf to southern British Provinces; winters
+in the Gulf States and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 210px"><img alt="" src="images/407b.png">
+<p>Dull white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This common eastern species
+is greenish above and dull yellowish
+below, streaked with
+dusky on the sides. They are
+almost exclusively found in pine
+woods, either light or heavy
+growth, where they can always
+be located by their peculiar, musical
+lisping trill. They nest high in these trees,
+placing their nests in thick bunches of needles,
+so that they are very difficult to locate. They
+nest from March in the south to May in the northern
+states, laying three or four dull whitish eggs,
+specked or blotched with shades of brown and
+lilac; size .68 &times; .52. Data.--Worcester, Mass.,
+May 28, 1891. Nest 30 feet up in a pine; made of
+pine needles and rootlets.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>672. <span class="sc">Palm Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica palmarum palmarum.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of North America, breeding
+about Hudson Bay and northward and wintering
+in the lower Mississippi Valley and the West
+Indies.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 210px"><img alt="" src="images/407c.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is brownish yellow
+above and yellow on the throat and
+breast, the crown and streaks on
+the sides are chestnut. They are
+found during migrations on or near
+the ground on the edges of woods
+or thickets and along roadsides;
+have a peculiar habit of "teetering" their tail
+which will readily identify them. They nest on the ground in, or on the edges
+of swampy places, lining the hollow with grasses and rootlets. In May or June
+they lay three or four eggs which are creamy white, variously specked with
+brown and lilac; size .68 &times; .52.</p>
+
+<p>672a. <span class="sc">Yellow Palm Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica palmarum hypochrysea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from Nova Scotia, northward.</p>
+
+<p>This is the common Yellow Redpoll Warbler of the eastern states, and is
+very abundant during migrations. Their habits are the same, if not identical
+with the interior species. Their nests are also like those of the last, placed
+on the ground and the eggs are indistinguishable.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/407deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/407mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_406" id="Page_406"></a> 406
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/408.png"><br>
+PRAIRIE WARBLER NEST.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_407" id="Page_407"></a> 407
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/409a.png">
+<p>Prairie Warblers.<br>
+Oven-bird.</p></div>
+<p>673. <span class="sc">Prairie Warbler.</span> <i>Dendroica discolor.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from
+the Gulf to Massachusetts and Ontario; winters
+in southern Florida and the West Indies.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/409b.png">
+<p>Whitish.</p></div>
+
+<p>A species readily recognized by
+its bright yellow underparts and
+the black stripes on the face and
+sides; several bright chestnut
+spots are in the middle of the
+greenish back. These birds will
+be found on dry scrubby hillsides
+and valleys, where they nest in low bushes, and
+the male will be found in the tops of the tallest
+lookout trees delivering his quaint and very peculiar
+lisping song. Their nests are handsomely
+made of vegetable fibres and grasses, closely
+woven together and lined with hair; this structure
+is placed in the top of low bushes so that it is
+well concealed by the upper foliage. Their three
+to five eggs are whitish, specked and spotted
+with shades of brown and neutral tints; size .64
+&times; .48. Data.--Worcester, Mass., June 23, 1891.
+Nest in the top of a young walnut, two feet from
+ground; made of plant fibres and grasses. Four
+eggs.</p>
+
+<p>674. <span class="sc">Oven-bird.</span> <i>Seiurus aurocapillus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Rockies,
+breeding from the middle portions of the United
+States, north to Labrador and Alaska. Winters
+from the Gulf States southward.</p>
+
+<p>This species is fully as often known as the
+Golden-crowned Thrush, because of its brownish
+orange crown bordered with black.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/409c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>They are
+woodland birds exclusively and nest on the
+ground, arching the top over with rootlets or leaves, the nest
+proper being made of grasses and leaf skeletons. As they
+are concealed so effectually, the nests are usually found
+by flushing the bird. The four to six eggs are white, slightly
+glossy and spotted, blotched or wreathed with reddish brown
+and lilac; size .80 &times; .60. Data.--Old Saybrook, Conn., June
+19, 1899. Domed nest with a side entrance on the ground in
+woods.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/409deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/409mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_408" id="Page_408"></a> 408
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/410a.png"><br>
+ARCHED NEST OF OVEN-BIRD.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/410b.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF LOUISIANA WATER-THRUSH.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_409" id="Page_409"></a> 409
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/411a.png">
+<p>Louisiana Water Thrush.<br>
+Water-Thrush.</p></div>
+<p>675. <span class="sc">Water-Thrush.</span> <i>Seiurus novebora censis noveboracensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from
+northern United States north to Hudson Bay and
+Newfoundland. Winters from the Gulf to South
+America.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 210px"><img alt="" src="images/411b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is uniform brownish
+olive above and white below,
+streaked heavily with blackish; it
+has a whitish superciliary line. It
+is known in most of the United
+States only as a migrant, being
+found in moist woods or swampy
+places. They nest in such localities in their
+breeding range, placing their nests among the
+cavities of rootlets and stumps, the nest being
+made of moss, leaves and rootlets. Their eggs
+are white, profusely specked and blotched with
+reddish brown and lavender gray. Size .80 &times; .60.
+Data.--Listowell, Ontario, May 28, 1895. Nest in
+a turned-up root over water; made of moss, grass
+and hair. Collector, Wm. L. Kells. This set of
+five is in the collection of Mr. C. W. Crandall.</p>
+
+<p>675a. <span class="sc">Grinnell's Water-Thrush.</span> <i>Seiurus noveboracensis notabilis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America, migrating between
+the Mississippi Valley and the Rockies;
+breeds from northern United States north to
+Alaska; winters in the south.</p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is said to be very slightly
+larger, darker on the back, and paler below. Their
+nesting habits and eggs are identical with those
+of the last.</p>
+
+<p>676. <span class="sc">Louisiana Water-Thrush.</span> <i>Seiurus motacilla.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf, north to southern
+New England, Ontario and Minnesota; winters south of our borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/411c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the last but is larger, grayer and
+less distinctly streaked on the underparts. They nest in
+swampy places, concealing their home in nooks among roots
+of trees or under overhanging banks, the nest being made
+of leaves, moss, mud, grasses, etc., making a bulky structure.
+The eggs, which are laid in May and number from four to
+six, are white, spotted and blotched with chestnut and neutral
+tints. Size .76 &times; .62.</p><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/411deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/411mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_410" id="Page_410"></a> 410
+
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/412ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/412a.png">
+<p>Kentucky Warbler.<br>
+Connecticut Warblers.</p></div>
+<p>677. <span class="sc">Kentucky Warbler.</span> <i>Oporornis formosus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from
+the Gulf to New York and Michigan; winters
+south of the United States to South America.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/412b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Crown and ear coverts black, underparts
+and line over eye yellow;
+no white in the plumage. These
+birds are found in about such localities
+as are frequented by Oven-birds,
+but with a preference for
+woods which are low and damp.
+They are locally common in some of the southern
+and central states. They are active gleaners of
+the underbrush, keeping well within the depths
+of tangled thickets. Like the Maryland Yellow-throat,
+which has similar habits to those of this
+bird, they are quite inquisitive and frequently
+come close to you to investigate or to scold. They
+nest on the ground in open woods or on shrubby
+hillsides, making large structures, of leaves and
+strips of bark, lined with grasses. The eggs are
+white, sprinkled with dots or spots of reddish
+brown and gray. Size .70 &times; .55. Data.--Greene
+Co., Pa., May 26, 1894. 4 eggs. Nest a mass of
+leaves, lined with rootlets, placed on the ground
+at the base of a small elm sprout in underbrush
+on a hillside.</p>
+
+<p>678. <span class="sc">Connecticut Warbler.</span>--<i>Oporonis agilis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States; known to breed
+only in Manitoba and Ontario.</p>
+
+<p>These birds have greenish upperparts and
+sides, yellowish underparts, and an ashy gray
+head, neck and breast; they have a complete whitish
+ring about the eye, this distinguishing them
+in any plumage from the two following species.
+As they do most of their feeding upon the ground
+and remain in the depths of the thickets, they are rarely seen unless attention
+is drawn to them. They are quite abundant in New England in fall migrations,
+being found in swampy thickets. They have been found breeding in Ontario
+by Wm. L. Kells, the nest being on the ground in the woods among raspberry
+vines. It was made of leaves, bark fibres, grass, rootlets and hair. The eggs
+are white, specked with brown and neutral tints. Size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/412deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_411" id="Page_411"></a> 411
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/413a.png">
+<p>Mourning Warblers.<br>
+Macgillivray Warblers.</p></div>
+<p>679. <span class="sc">Mourning Warbler.</span> <i>Oporornis philadelphia</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from
+northern New England, Pennsylvania, (Philadelphia)
+and Nebraska northward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/413b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Very similar to the last but with
+no eye ring and a black patch on
+the breast. The habits and nesting
+habits of this species are very similar
+to those of <i>agilis</i>, the nest being
+on or very close to the ground.
+With the exception of on mountain
+ranges it breeds chiefly north of our borders.
+The eggs are white, specked with reddish brown.
+Size .72 &times; .55. They cannot be distinguished from
+those of the last. Data.--Listowell, Ontario, June
+5, 1898. Nest in a tuft of swamp grass in low
+ground; not very neatly made of dry leaves,
+grasses and hair. Collector, Wm. L. Kells. (Crandall
+collection.)</p>
+
+<p>680. <span class="sc">Macgillivray Warbler.</span> <i>Oporornis tolmiei.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States from the Rockies
+to the Pacific, breeding north to British Columbia;
+winters in Mexico and Central America.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/413c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Similar to the last but with white
+spots on the upper and lower eyelids,
+black lores, and the black
+patch on the breast mixed with
+gray. These ground inhabiting
+birds are found in tangled thickets
+and shrubbery where they nest at
+low elevations, from one to five feet from the
+ground. Their nests are made of grasses and
+shreds of bark, lined with hair and finer grasses,
+and the eggs are white, specked, spotted and blotched with shades of brown
+and neutral tints; size .72 &times; .52. Data.--Sonoma, Cal., May 17, 1897. A small
+nest, loosely made of grasses (wild oats) lined with finer grasses; placed in
+blackberry vines 14 inches from the ground in a slough in the valley.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/413deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/413mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_412" id="Page_412"></a> 412
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/414ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/414a.png">
+<p>Maryland Yellow-throats.
+Belding's Yellow-throat.</p></div>
+
+<p>681. <span class="sc">Maryland Yellow-throat.</span> <i>Geothlypis trichas trichas.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States; this species has
+recently been still further sub-divided so that this
+form is supposed to be restricted to the south
+Atlantic coast of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/414b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Maryland Yellow-throat is represented in
+all parts of the United States by one of its forms.
+They are ground loving birds, frequenting swamps
+and thickets where they can be
+located by their loud, unmistakable
+song of "Witchery, w i t c h e r y,
+witch." They nest on or very near
+the ground, making their nests of
+grass, lined with hair; these are
+either in hollows in the ground at
+the foot of clumps of grass or
+weeds, or attached to the weed stalks within a
+few inches of the ground. They lay from three
+to five eggs in May or June; these are white,
+specked about the larger end with reddish brown
+and umber, and with shell markings of stone gray.
+Size .70 &times; .50. All the sub-species of this bird
+have the same general habits of this one and their
+eggs cannot be distinguished from examples of
+the eastern form; the birds, too, owing to the
+great differences in plumage between individuals
+from the same place, cannot be distinguished with
+any degree of satisfaction except by the ones who
+"discovered" them.</p>
+
+<p>681a. <span class="sc">Western Yellow-throat.</span> <i>Geothlypis trichas occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This variety, which is said to be brighter
+yellow below, is ascribed to the arid regions of
+western United States; not on the Pacific coast.</p>
+
+<p>681b. <span class="sc">Florida Yellow-throat.</span> <i>Geothlypis trichas ignota.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf coast to Texas.</p>
+
+<p>681c. <span class="sc">Pacific Yellow-throat.</span> <i>Geothlypis trichas arizela.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from British Columbia southward.</p>
+
+<p>681e. <span class="sc">Salt Marsh Yellow-throat.</span> <i>Geothlypis trichas sinuosa.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Salt marshes of San Francisco Bay.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_413" id="Page_413"></a> 413
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/415a.png">
+<p>Rio Grande Yellow-throat.<br>
+Yellow-breasted Chat.</p></div>
+<p>682. <span class="sc">Belding's Yellow-throat.</span> <i>Geothlypis beldingi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This peculiar species is like the common Yellow-throat
+but has the black mask bordered by
+yellow instead of white, and the black on the
+forehead extends diagonally across the head from
+in front of one eye to the rear of the other. Their
+habits are like those of the other Yellow-throats
+and the nests are similar to those of the latter,
+which are frequently placed in cane over the
+water. Nests found by Mr. Walter E. Bryant
+were situated in clumps of "cat-tails" between
+two and three feet above the water; the nests
+were made of dry strips of these leaves, lined
+with fibres; the eggs were like those of the common
+Yellow-throats but larger; size .75 &times; .56.</p>
+
+<p>682.1. <span class="sc">Rio Grande Yellow-throat.</span> <i>Cham&aelig;thlypis poliocephala.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico north to the Lower Rio Grande
+Valley in Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This Yellow-throat has the crown and ear
+coverts gray, only the lores and forehead being
+black. The nests and eggs of these birds, which
+are fairly common about Brownsville, Texas, do
+not differ from those of the other Yellow-throats.</p>
+
+<p>683. <span class="sc">Yellow-breasted Chat.</span> <i>Icteria virens virens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf
+coast north to southern New England and Minnesota.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/415b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This strange but handsome species is very common
+in underbrush and thickets in the south; they are
+usually shy and endeavor, with success, to keep out of
+sight, but their strange song and calls, consisting of
+various whistles and squawks mingled together, are often
+heard. Their nests are built in bushes or briars at low
+elevations, being made of grass, strips of bark and leaves,
+lined with finer grass; their eggs are white, sharply
+speckled and spotted with various shades of brown and
+lavender; size .90 &times; .70.</p>
+
+<p>683a. <span class="sc">Long-tailed Chat.</span> <i>Icteria virens longicauda.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States west of the Plains, breeding from Mexico to British
+Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>This bird is said to be grayer and to have a slightly longer tail than the last.
+Its nesting habits and eggs are precisely the same.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/415mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_414" id="Page_414"></a> 414
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/416ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/416a.png">
+<p>Hooded Warblers.<br>
+Wilson's Warblers.</p></div>
+
+<p>684. <span class="sc">Hooded Warbler.</span> <i>Wilsonia citrina.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States,
+breeding north to southern New
+England and Michigan; winters
+south of our borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/416b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This yellow and greenish species
+can be identified by its black head,
+neck and throat, with the large
+yellow patch about the eye and the forehead. The
+members of this genus are active fly-catchers,
+darting into the air after passing insects in the
+manner of the Flycatchers. They frequent tangled
+thickets where they build their nests within
+a few inches of the ground, making them of leaves,
+bark and grass, lined with hair; the four or five
+eggs are white, specked with reddish brown and
+neutral tints; size .70 &times; .50. Data.--Doddridge Co.,
+Mo., May 29, 1897. Nest one foot from the ground
+in a small bush; made of leaves, strips of bark
+and fine grasses.</p>
+
+<p>685. <span class="sc">Wilson's Warbler.</span> <i>Wilsonia pusilla pusilla</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from
+northern United States northward; south to Central
+America in winter.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/416c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These handsome little black-capped
+flycatching Warblers are abundant
+during migrations, especially
+in the spring, being found on the
+edges of woods and in orchards.
+They nest on the ground, usually
+on the edges of swamps, embedding
+their nests in the ground under the shelter of low
+branches or on the edges of banks; the nest is of
+bark strips, fibres and leaves, and the eggs are white, specked with reddish
+brown; size .60 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>685a. <span class="sc">Pileolated Warbler.</span> <i>Wilsonia pusilla pileolata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, breeding in the Rocky Mountain region from
+Mexico to Alaska; winters south of the United States.</p>
+
+<p>Similar to the eastern form but the yellow underparts and greenish back are
+brighter. Like the last species, this form nests on the ground or very close to it,
+in weeds or rank undergrowth, in swamps. Their eggs which are laid in May
+or June are not distinguishable from those of the last.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/416deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_415" id="Page_415"></a> 415
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/417a.png">
+<p>Canadian Warblers.<br>
+American Redstart.</p></div>
+<p>685b. <span class="sc">Golden Pileolated Warbler.</span> <i>Wilsonia pusilla chryseola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of North America, breeding
+from southern California in mountain ranges
+north to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>686. <span class="sc">Canadian Warbler.</span> <i>Wilsonia canadensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from
+Mass., New York, and Michigan north to Labrador
+and Hudson Bay; winters in Central America.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/417b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome Warbler is plain
+gray above and yellow below, with
+a black stripe down the sides of
+the neck and across the breast in
+a broken band. They frequent
+swamps or open woods with a
+heavy growth of underbrush, where</p>
+
+<p>they build their nests on or very close to the
+ground. I have always found them in Massachusetts
+nesting about the roots of laurels, the nests
+being made of strips of bark, leaves and grass;
+in June or the latter part of May they lay from
+three to five white eggs, specked and wreathed
+with reddish brown and neutral tints; size .68
+&times; .50. Data.--Worcester, Mass., June 10, 1891.
+Nest on the ground under laurel roots in swampy
+woods; made entirely of strips of laurel bark
+lined with fine grass.</p>
+
+<p>[Illustration: ]</p>
+
+<p>687. American Redstart. <i>Setophaga ruticilla.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, chiefly east of the
+Rockies, breeding in the northern half of the
+United States and north to Labrador and Alaska;
+winters south of our borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 151px"><img alt="" src="images/417c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>The male of this handsome, active and well known species is black with a
+white belly, and orange patches on the sides, wings and bases of outer tail
+feathers. They breed abundantly in swamps, open woods or
+thickets by the roadside, placing their nests in trees or bushes
+at elevations of from three to thirty feet above ground and
+usually in an upright fork. The nests are very compactly
+made of fibres and grasses, felted together, and lined with
+hair. Their eggs are white, variously blotched and spotted
+with brown and gray; size .65 &times; .50. Data.--Chili, N. Y., June
+1, 1894. Nest, a cup-shaped structure of plant fibres lined with fine grasses
+and hair; 4 feet from the ground in the crotch of a small chestnut.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/417deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/417mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_416" id="Page_416"></a> 416
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/418.png"><br>
+MALE REDSTART FEEDING YOUNG.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Pgee <a name="Page_417" id="Page_417"></a> 417
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/419a.png">
+<p>Painted Redstart.<br>
+Red-faced Warblers.</p></div>
+<p>688. <span class="sc">Painted Redstart.</span> <i>Setophaga picta.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/419b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern New Mexico
+and Arizona, southward.</p>
+
+<p>This beautiful Redstart is black
+with a large white patch on the
+wing coverts, white outer tail
+feathers, and with the belly and
+middle of the breast bright red.
+These active birds, which have all the habits and
+mannerisms of the common species, nest on the
+ground in thickets or shrubbery usually near
+water, and generally conceal their homes under
+overhanging stones or stumps; the nests are
+made of fine shreds of bark and grasses, lined
+with hair; the eggs are white, dotted with reddish
+brown; size .65 x .48. Data.--Chiricahua
+Mts., Arizona, May 31, 1900. Nest of fine bark
+and grass under a small bush on the ground.</p>
+
+<p>689. <span class="sc">Red-bellied Redstart.</span> <i>Setophaga miniata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico; admitted to our avifauna on
+the authority of Giraud as having occurred in
+Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the last, but has a
+chestnut crown patch, more red on the underparts,
+and less white on the tail; it is not probable
+that their nesting habits or eggs differ from
+the last.</p>
+
+<p>690. <span class="sc">Red-faced Warbler.</span> <i>Cardellina rubrifrons.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Arizona and New Mexico,
+southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/419c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This attractive little Warbler is quite common in mountain
+ranges of the southern Arizona. They nest on the ground on the
+side hills, concealing the slight structure of grasses and rootlets
+under overhanging shrubs or stones. Their eggs are specked
+and blotched with light reddish brown and lavender. Size
+.64 x .48. Data.--Chiricahua Mts., Arizona, May 31, 1902. Nest
+in a depression under a tuft of grass growing about 8 feet up on
+the side of a bank.</p><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/419deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/419mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_418" id="Page_418"></a> 418
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/420ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>WAGTAILS. Family MOTACILLID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/420a.png">
+<p>American Pipit.<br>
+Sprague's Pipit.</p></div>
+
+<p>694. <span class="sc">White Wagtail.</span> <i>Motacilla alba.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--An Old World species; accidental in
+Greenland.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/420b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds are abundant
+throughout Europe, nesting
+on the ground, in stone walls,
+or in the crevices of old
+buildings, etc., the nests being
+made of grass, rootlets,
+leaves, etc.; the eggs are
+grayish white, finely specked with blackish
+gray. Size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>695. <span class="sc">Swinhoe's Wagtail.</span> <i>Motacilla ocularis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern Asia; accidental in Lower
+California and probably Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>696. <span class="sc">Alaska Yellow Wagtail.</span> <i>Budytes flavus alascensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern Asia; abundant on the Bering Sea coast of Alaska in the
+summer.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/420c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These handsome Wagtails are common in summer on the coasts
+and islands of Bering Sea, nesting on the ground under tufts of
+grass or beside stones, usually in marshy ground. Their eggs
+number from four to six and are white, profusely spotted with
+various shades of brown and gray. Size .75 &times; .55. Data.--Kamchatka,
+June 20, 1896. Nest on the ground; made of fine rootlets,
+grass and moss, lined neatly with animal fur.</p>
+
+<p>697. <span class="sc">Pipit.</span> <i>Anthus rubescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding in the Arctic regions, and in the Rocky
+Mountains south to Colorado, winters in southern United States and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/420d.png">
+<p>Gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Titlarks are abundant birds in the United States during
+migrations, being found in flocks in fields and cultivated
+ground. Their nests, which are placed on the ground in
+meadows or marshes under tufts of grass, are made of moss
+and grasses; the four to six eggs are dark grayish, heavily
+spotted and blotched with brown and blackish. Size .75 &times; .55.</p>
+
+<p>698. <span class="sc">Meadow Pipit.</span> <i>Anthus pratensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Whole of Europe; accidental in Greenland.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the American Pipit and like that species nests on
+the ground; they are very abundant and are found in meadows, woods or thickets
+in the vicinity of houses. Their nests are made chiefly of grasses, lined
+with hair; the eggs are from four to six in number and are grayish, very heavily
+spotted and blotched with grayish brown. Size .78 &times; .58.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_419" id="Page_419"></a> 419
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/421a.png">
+<p>Sage Thrasher.</p></div>
+
+<p>699. <span class="sc">Red-throated Pipit.</span> <i>Anthus cervinus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--An Old World species; accidental in
+the Aleutians and Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits of this bird are like those
+of the others of the genus.</p>
+
+<p>700. <span class="sc">Sprague's Pipit.</span> <i>Anthus spraguei.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of North America, breeding
+from Wyoming north to Saskatchewan.
+Winters in the plains of Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/421b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds are common on
+the prairies and breed abundantly
+on the plains of the interior
+of northern United
+States and Manitoba. They
+have a flight song which is
+said to be fully equal to that
+of the famous European Skylark. They nest on
+the ground under tufts of grass or up-turned
+sods, lining the hollow with fine grasses; their
+three or four eggs are grayish white, finely specked with grayish black or purplish.
+Size .85 &times; .60. Data.--Crescent Lake, Canada. Nest of fine dried
+grasses, built in the ground at the side of a sod.</p>
+
+<h3>DIPPERS. Family CINCLID&AElig;</h3>
+
+<p>701. <span class="sc">Dipper.</span> <i>Cinclus mexicanus unicolor.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of western North America from Alaska to Central America.</p>
+
+<p>These short-tailed, grayish colored birds are among the strangest of feathered
+creatures; they frequent the sides of mountain streams where they feed upon
+aquatic insects and small fish. Although they do not have webbed feet, they
+swim on or under water with the greatest of ease and rapidity, using their
+wings as paddles. They have a thrush-like bill and the teetering habits of the
+Sandpiper, and they are said to be one of the sweetest of songsters. They nest
+among the rocks along the banks of swiftly flowing streams, and sometimes
+beneath falls; the nests are large round structures of green moss, lined with
+fine grass and with the entrance on the side. The eggs are pure white, four or
+five in number, and laid during May or June. Size 1.00 &times; .70.</p>
+
+<h3>WRENS, THRASHERS, ETC. Family TROGLODYTID&AElig;</h3>
+
+<p>702. <span class="sc">Sage Thrasher.</span> <i>Oreoscoptes montanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Plains and valleys of western United States, east of the Sierra Nevadas,
+from Montana to Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/421c.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is abundant in the sage regions of the west,
+nesting on the ground or at low elevations in sage or other
+bushes. Their nests are made of twigs, rootlets and bark
+strips, lined with fine rootlets; the three or four eggs are a
+handsome greenish blue, brightly spotted with reddish brown
+and gray. Size .95 &times; .70. Data.--Salt Lake Co., Utah, May
+11, 1900. Nest placed in a sage bush; made of twigs of the
+same and lined with bark strips. Collector, W. H. Parker,
+(Crandall collection.)</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/421mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_420" id="Page_420"></a> 420
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/422ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/422a.png">
+<p>Mockingbird.</p></div>
+<p>703. <span class="sc">Mockingbird.</span> <i>Mimus polyglottos polyglottos</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States,
+north to New Jersey and Illinois.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/422b.png">
+<p>Dull greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>These noted birds are
+very common in the south
+where they are found, and
+nest about houses in open
+woods, fields, and along
+roadways; their nests are
+rude, bulky structures of
+twigs, grasses, leaves, etc.,
+placed in trees or bushes
+at low elevations; the three to five eggs are
+usually dull greenish blue, boldly spotted with
+brownish. Size .95 &times; .72.</p>
+
+<p>703a. <span class="sc">Western Mockingbird.</span> <i>Mimus polyglottos leucopterus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States from
+Texas to California, and southward.</p>
+
+<p>This subspecies is as common in its range,
+and its habits are the same as those of the eastern bird. The nests and eggs
+are identical with those of the last, and like that variety they frequently nest
+in odd places as do all common birds when they become familiar with civilization.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/422c.png">
+<p>Catbird.</p></div>
+
+<p>704. <span class="sc">Catbird.</span> <i>Dumetella carolinensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from the
+Gulf States to the Saskatchewan; rare on the
+Pacific coast; winters in the Gulf States and
+southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/422d.png">
+<p>Bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>This well known mimic is abundant in the
+temperate portions of its range, frequenting
+open woods, swamps, hillsides
+and hedges. Their
+nests are usually low
+down in bushes or trees,
+and are constructed similarly
+to those of the Mockingbird,
+of twigs and rootlets;
+a tangled mass of
+vines and briers is a favorite
+place for them to locate their home.
+Their eggs are laid in the latter part of May
+or during June, and are from three to five in
+number and a bright bluish green in color,
+unmarked. Size .95 &times; .70.</p><br>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/422deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_421" id="Page_421"></a> 421
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/423a.png">
+<p>Brown Thrasher.</p></div>
+<p>705. <span class="sc">Brown Thrasher.</span> <i>Toxostoma rufum</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding
+from the Gulf States north to Canada. Winters
+in the Gulf States and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/423b.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This large, handsome songster is found
+breeding in just such localities
+as are preferred by
+the Catbird and the two
+are often found nesting in
+the same hedge or thicket.
+The nests, too, are similar
+but that of the Thrasher is
+usually more bulky; besides
+building in bushes
+they frequently nest on
+the ground, lining the hollow under some bush
+with fine rootlets. Their three to five eggs
+are laid during May or June; they are whitish
+or pale greenish white, profusely dotted with
+reddish brown. Size 1.05 &times; .80.</p>
+
+<p>706. <span class="sc">Sennett's Thrasher.</span> <i>Toxostoma longirostre sennetti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Texas and northeastern Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/423c.png">
+<p>Greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Very similar to the last but darker above and with the spots on the breast
+blacker and more distinct. This species which is very abundant in the Lower
+Rio Grande Valley nests the same as the last species
+in thick hedges and the eggs are very similar to those
+of the Brown Thrasher, but in a large series, average
+more sparingly marked over the whole surface and with
+a more definite wreath about the large end.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/423d.png">
+<p>707a--708--710.</p></div>
+
+<p>Data.--Corpus
+Christi, Texas, May 12, 1899. Nest
+of twigs and vines in a bush in
+thicket. Six feet from the ground.</p>
+
+<p>707. <span class="sc">Curve-billed Thrasher.</span> <i>Toxostoma curvirostre curvirostre.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico, north to southern Texas and eastern
+New Mexico.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/423e.png">
+<p>Bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is a uniform ashy gray above and soiled
+white below; the bill is stout and decurved. These
+birds are as numerous in the Lower Rio Grande Valley
+as are the Sennett's Thrasher, frequenting thickets
+where they breed in scrubby bushes and cacti. Their
+nests are rather larger and more
+deeply cupped than are those of
+the last species and the eggs can
+easily be distinguished. They
+have a ground color of light bluish
+green, minutely dotted evenly
+all over the surface with reddish
+brown. Size 1.10 &times; .80.
+Data.--Brownsville, Texas, April
+6, 1900. 5 eggs. Nest of sticks and thorns on a cactus
+in a thicket; 6 feet from the ground.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/423mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_422" id="Page_422"></a> 422
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/424ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p>707a. <span class="sc">Palmer's Thrasher.</span> <i>Toxostoma curvirostre palmeri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Very abundant in southern Arizona and southward into Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits and eggs of these birds are exactly like those of the last;
+they show a preference for placing their nests of sticks and thorny twigs upon
+cacti at elevations below five feet from the ground. Like the last, they generally
+raise two broods a season.</p>
+
+<p>708. <span class="sc">Bendire's Thrasher.</span> <i>Toxostoma bendirei.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Arizona and Mexico; north locally to southern Colorado.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/424a.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is not as abundant in the deserts of southern
+Arizona as are the last species with which they associate.
+They nest at low elevations in mesquites or cacti, laying
+their first sets in March and early April and usually raising
+two broods a season; their three or four eggs are dull
+whitish, spotted and blotched with brownish drab and lilac
+gray. Size 1.00 &times; .72. Data.--Tucson, Arizona, April 15,
+1896. Nest 3 feet up in a cholla cactus; made of large
+sticks lined with fine grasses.</p>
+
+<p>709. <span class="sc">San Lucas Thrasher.</span> <i>Toxostoma cinereum cinereum.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/424b.png">
+<p>Pale greenish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is similar to <i>curvirostre</i> but the under
+parts are spotted with dusky. Their habits and nests
+are similar to those of the other Thrashers and the three
+or four eggs are pale greenish white, spotted with reddish
+brown. Size 1.08 &times; .75. Data.--Santa Anita, June
+3, 1896. 3 eggs. Nest in a cactus.</p>
+
+
+<p>709a. <span class="sc">Mearns's Thrasher.</span> <i>Toxostoma cinereum mearnsi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This species is described as darker than the last and with larger, blacker spots
+on the breast and underparts.</p>
+
+<p>710. <span class="sc">California Thrasher.</span> <i>Toxostoma redivivum.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern half of California, west of the Sierra Nevadas.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/424c.png">
+<p>Bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is more brownish than the other curve-billed
+species and has a much longer and more curved
+bill. They are common in the under brush of hillsides
+and ravines, where they locate their nests at low elevations.
+Their nests are made of sticks and grass, lined
+with rootlets, and the three or four eggs are bluish
+green with spots of russet brown. Size 1.12 &times; .82. Data.--San
+Diego, Cal., Feb. 7, 1897. Nest of sticks and rootlets
+in a grease-wood bush 4 feet from the ground.
+Collector, Chas. W. Brown.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_423" id="Page_423"></a> 423
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/425a.png">
+<p>711--712.</p></div>
+<p>711. <span class="sc">Leconte's Thrasher.</span> <i>Toxostoma lecontei lecontei.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Desert regions of southwestern United States,
+chiefly in the valleys of the Gila and Colorado Rivers.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/425b.png">
+<p>Pale greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is much paler
+than the last and has a shorter
+bill. It is fairly common but
+locally distributed in its range
+and nests at low elevations in
+bushes or cacti. The three or
+four eggs are pale greenish blue,
+sparingly dotted with reddish
+brown. Size 1.10 &times; .75. Data.--Phoenix,
+Arizona, April 2, 1897. 3 eggs. Large nest
+of dry twigs, rootlets, etc., lined with bits of rabbit hair
+and feathers; 4 feet from the ground in a small shrub.</p>
+
+<p>711a. <span class="sc">Desert Thrasher.</span> <i>Toxostoma lecontei arenicola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This form of the last is said to differ in being darker
+above. It is a very locally confined race, chiefly about
+Rosalia Bay, Lower California. Its eggs will not be distinctive.</p><br>
+
+
+
+<p>712. <span class="sc">Crissal Thrasher.</span> <i>Toxostoma crissale.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/425c.png">
+<p>Pale greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States from western Texas
+to eastern California; north to southern Utah and Nevada.</p>
+
+<p>This species may be known from any other of the curve-billed
+Thrashers by its grayish underparts and bright
+chestnut under tail coverts. These sweet songsters are
+abundant in suitable localities, nesting at low elevations in
+chaparral. Their nests are large, and bulkily made of
+sticks and rootlets; the eggs range from two to four in number
+and are pale greenish blue, unmarked. Size 1.10 &times; .75.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/425d.png">
+<p>Cactus Wren.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>713. <span class="sc">Cactus Wren.</span> <i>Heleodytes brunneicapillus couesi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States from
+Texas to eastern California; north to southern
+Nevada and Utah.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/425e.png">
+<p>Creamy white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is the largest of the Wrens, being
+8.5 inches in length. They are very common
+in cactus and chaparrel districts, where
+they nest at low elevations in bushes or cacti,
+making large purse-shaped structures of
+grasses and thorny twigs, lined with feathers
+and with a small entrance at
+one end. They raise two or
+three broods a year, the first
+set of eggs being laid early in
+April; the eggs are creamy
+white, dotted, so thickly as to
+obscure the ground color, with
+pale reddish brown. Size .95
+&times; .65. Data.--Placentia, Cal., April 15, 1901.
+Nest in cactus about 6 feet from the ground;
+made of grasses and lined with feathers and rabbit
+fur; nest 8 inches in diameter, 18 inches long.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/415mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_424" id="Page_424"></a> 424
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/426ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/426a.png">
+<p>Rock Wren.</p></div>
+<p>713a. <span class="sc">Bryant's Cactus Wren.</span> <i>Heleodytes brunneicapillus bryanti.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Lower California and
+coast of southern California.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits of this variety differ in
+no respect from those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>713b. <span class="sc">San Lucas Cactus Wren.</span> <i>Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Eggs indistinguishable from those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>715. <span class="sc">Rock Wren.</span> <i>Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, west of the plains,
+breeding north to British Columbia, and south
+to Mexico; winters in southwestern
+United States and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/426b.png">
+<p>white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species appears to be
+quite abundant on rocky hillsides
+throughout its range; like
+most of the Wrens they draw
+attention to themselves by their loud and varied
+song. They nest in crevices or beneath overhanging rocks, making the
+nest out of any trash that may be handy, such as weeds, grass, wool, bark, rootlets,
+etc.; their eggs range from four to eight in number and are pure white,
+finely specked with reddish brown. Size .72 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>716. <span class="sc">Guadalupe Rock Wren.</span> <i>Salpinctes guadeloupensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Guadalupe Island, Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>A similar but darker and browner species than the Rock Wren. It breeds in
+abundance throughout the island from which it takes its name, placing its
+nests in crevices among the boulders or cavities of fallen tree trunks and, as is
+often done by the last species, lining the pathway to the nest with small
+pebbles. The eggs, which are laid from January to April, resemble, in all
+respects, those of the common Rock Wren.</p>
+
+<p>717. <span class="sc">White-throated Wren.</span> <i>Catherpes mexicanus albifrons.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northeastern Mexico and the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas.</p>
+
+<p>The habits of the White-throated Wren are the same as those of the Canon
+Wren, which variety is more common and better known; the eggs of this
+species are not distinguishable from those of the next.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/426deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_425" id="Page_425"></a> 425
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/427a.png">
+<p>Carolina Wren.</p></div>
+<p>717a. <span class="sc">Canon Wren.</span> <i>Catherpes mexicanus conspersus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region and west to
+the Sierra Nevadas; north to Wyoming and
+Idaho and south to New Mexico and Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>The Canon Wrens are uniform rusty brown
+all over except the large sharply defined white
+throat patch; the underparts, wings and tail
+are barred with black, and the back is specked
+with white. Their name is well chosen for
+they are found abundantly in rocky canyons,
+ravines, and side hills. They nest in crevices
+or caves among the rocks, placing their nests
+in small niches; they are made of twigs, leaves,
+grasses and feathers, and the three to six eggs,
+which are laid from April to June according to
+locality, are white, sprinkled and blotched with
+reddish brown and lilac. Size .72 &times; .52.</p>
+
+<p>717b. <span class="sc">Dotted Canon Wren.</span> <i>Catherpes mexicanus punctulatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from Oregon to Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The habits and eggs of this coast form of the White-throated Wren do not
+vary in any particular from those of the preceding variety.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/427b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>718. <span class="sc">Carolina Wren.</span> <i>Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovicianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf to
+southern New England and Illinois; resident in the greater
+part of its range.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/427c.png">
+<p>717a--719a.</p></div>
+
+<p>These loud-voiced songsters are well known in the south
+where they are very abundant, being found along banks of
+streams, in thickets, along walls, or about brush heaps. They
+nest in almost any suitable nook or corner, in hollow trees
+or stumps, bird boxes, about buildings, and in brush or
+bushes. When in exposed positions, the nest, which is
+made of all sorts of trash, is arched over; the eggs, which
+are laid from March to June, and frequently later, as several
+broods are sometimes reared in a season, are white,
+profusely specked with light reddish brown and purplish.
+Size .74 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>718a. <span class="sc">Florida Wren.</span> <i>Thryothorus ludovicianus miamensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Florida.</p>
+
+<p>A similar bird to the last but darker above and brighter
+below. Its eggs are not distinguishable from those of
+the last.</p>
+
+<p>718b. <span class="sc">Lomita Wren.</span> <i>Thryothorus ludovicianus lomitensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This sub-species is abundant along the Lower Rio
+Grande in southern Texas, where its habits are the same as
+those of the others and the eggs are not distinctive.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/427mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_426" id="Page_426"></a> 426
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/428ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/428a.png">
+<p>Bewick's Wren.</p></div>
+
+<p>719. <span class="sc">Bewick's Wren.</span> <i>Thryomanes bewicki bewicki.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States, and
+the Mississippi Valley north to Minnesota and
+locally to the Middle States in the east.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/428b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is not common on the Atlantic
+coast but in the interior it is
+the most abundant of the Wrens,
+nesting in holes in trees, stumps,
+fences, bird boxes, tin cans, etc.,
+filling the cavities with grass
+and rootlets. Their eggs are
+laid in the latter part of April
+or May; they are white, specked and usually
+wreathed about the large end with reddish
+brown and purplish. Size .65 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>719a. <span class="sc">Vigors's Wren.</span> <i>Thryomanes bewicki spilurus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of California.</p>
+
+<p>This similar bird to the last has the same
+general habits and the eggs are not in any way different from those of Bewick's
+Wren.</p>
+
+<p>719b. <span class="sc">Baird's Wren.</span> <i>Thryomanes bewicki bairdi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southwestern United States, from western Texas to eastern California
+and north to Colorado and Nevada.</p>
+
+<p>Like the two preceding Wrens, this one nests in natural or artificial cavities,
+and the four to seven eggs that they lay are precisely alike, in every respect,
+to those of the others.</p>
+
+<p>719c. <span class="sc">Texas Wren.</span> <i>Thryomanes bewicki cryptus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Texas, north in summer to western Kansas.</p>
+
+<p>A very abundant bird in Texas. Nesting habits not unusual nor eggs distinctive.</p>
+
+<p>719d. <span class="sc">San Diego Wren.</span> <i>Thryomanes bewicki charienturus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of southern California.</p>
+
+<p>719e. <span class="sc">Seattle Wren.</span> <i>Thryomanes bewicki calophonus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from Oregon to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>These last two sub-species have recently been separated from Vigors's Wren,
+but their habits and eggs remain the same as those of that variety.</p>
+
+<p>719.1. <span class="sc">San Clemente Wren.</span> <i>Thryomanes leucophrys.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--San Clemente Island, California.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to Vigors's Wren but is grayer and paler above. It is
+not peculiar in its nesting habits and the eggs are like those of <i>bewicki</i>.</p>
+
+<p>720. <span class="sc">Guadalupe Wren.</span> <i>Thryomanes brevicauda.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Guadalupe Island.</p>
+
+<p>A very similar species to the Vigors's Wren; nesting habits and the eggs are
+not apt to differ in any respect.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_427" id="Page_427"></a> 427
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/429a.png">
+<p>House Wren.</p></div>
+
+<p>721. <span class="sc">House Wren.</span> <i>Troglodytes a&euml;don.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Mississippi,
+breeding from the Gulf north to Manitoba
+and Ontario; winters in the southern half
+of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/429b.png">
+<p>Pinkish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This familiar and noisy little Wren is the
+most abundant and widely distributed of the
+Wrens; they are met with on
+the edges of woods, swamps,
+fields, pastures, orchards and
+very frequently build about
+houses, in bird houses or any
+nook that may suit them; they
+fill the cavity of the place they
+may select with twigs, grass, feathers, plant
+down, etc., and lay from five to nine eggs in a
+set and frequently three sets a year. The eggs
+are pinkish white, very profusely and minutely
+dotted with pale reddish brown so as to make
+the egg appear to be a nearly uniform salmon
+color and with a wreath of darker spots about
+the large end. Size .65 &times; .52. Data.--Gretna,
+N. Y., May 29, 1896. Nest three feet from the ground in cavity of an apple tree;
+made of twigs and grass, and lined with hair and feathers.</p>
+
+<p>721a. <span class="sc">Western House Wren.</span> <i>Troglodytes a&euml;don parkmani.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, from the Mississippi Valley to eastern California.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is grayer above and below than the eastern form, but its habits
+and eggs do not differ in any respect.</p>
+
+<p>722. <span class="sc">Winter Wren.</span> <i>Nannus hiemalis hiemalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding from northern United States northward,
+and south in the Alleghanies to North Carolina; winters in the United
+States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/429c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These are the smallest of the Wrens, being but four inches in
+length; they have a very short tail which, like those of the
+others, is carried erect over the back during excitement or
+anger. They are very sly birds and creep about through stone
+walls and under brush like so many mice; they have a sweet
+song but not as loud as that of the House Wren. Their nests
+are placed in crevices of stumps, walls, old buildings or in brush
+heaps, being made of twigs and leaves, lined with feathers. Their eggs, which
+are laid during May or June, are pure white, finely and sparingly dotted with
+reddish brown; size .60 &times; .48.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/429deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/429mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_428" id="Page_428"></a> 428
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/430ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/430a.png">
+<p>Winter Wren.</p></div>
+
+<p>722a. <span class="sc">Western Winter Wren.</span> <i>Nannus hiemalis pacificus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western North America from the
+Rockies to the coast, north to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This species is much browner both above and
+below and is more heavily barred than the
+last; its habits and eggs are like those of
+<i>hiemalis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>722b. <span class="sc">Kadiak Winter Wren.</span> <i>Nannushiemalis helleri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Kadiak Island, Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>Said to be slightly larger and paler than
+<i>pacificus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>723. <span class="sc">Alaska Wren.</span> <i>Nannus alascensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Aleutian and Pribilof Islands, Alaska.</p><br>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/430c.png">
+<p>723--723.1--725a.</p></div>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/430b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Larger and paler than the Western Winter
+Wren. The habits of this species are similar to those of
+the eastern Winter Wren; they nest between
+boulders and in crevices of rocks or
+stumps, making their nests of moss and
+rootlets, lined with feathers. The eggs are
+like those of the Winter Wren but slightly
+larger; size .65 &times; .51.</p>
+
+<p>723.1. <span class="sc">Aleutian Wren.</span> <i>Nannus meliger.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Aleutian Islands to Alaska. Very similar
+to the above, both in song and general habits. They
+nest in the crevices of rocks or between boulders, making
+their nests of rootlets and grass, lining it with hair and
+feathers. Usually six eggs are laid, white with a few specks
+of brown (.58 &times; .46).</p>
+
+<p>724. <span class="sc">Short-billed Marsh Wren.</span> <i>Cistothorus stellaris</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf
+to Manitoba and Maine.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/430d.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species does not appear to be as common anywhere
+as is the Long-billed variety, whose habits and nests are
+similar. They nest in or on the borders of
+marshes, and nests being globular structures
+of grasses, lined with hair, and with
+the entrance on the side; they are attached above the ground or
+water in marsh grass or reeds. Their eggs, which number from
+six to eight, are pure white; size .64 &times; .48.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_429" id="Page_429"></a> 429
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/431a.png">
+<p>Short-billed Marsh Wren.<br>
+Long-billed Marsh Wren.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>725. <span class="sc">Long-billed Marsh Wren.</span> <i>Telmatodytes palustris palustris.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east of the Rockies,
+breeding from the Gulf north to Manitoba and
+New England; winters in southern United
+States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/431b.png">
+<p>Pale brown.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds are very abundant in suitable
+localities throughout their range, breeding in
+colonies in large marshes and in smaller numbers
+in small marshy places.
+Their nests are similar to those
+of the last, being globular and
+attached to cat-tails or reeds;
+the entrance is a small round
+hole in the side of the rush-woven
+structures and the interior
+is neatly finished with fine grass and hair.
+They lay from five to eight eggs of a pale chocolate
+color, dotted and spotted with darker
+shades of the same; size .64 &times; .45. Data.--Delray,
+Mich., May 27, 1900. Six eggs. Nest
+a ball of woven flags and grasses, lined with
+cat-tail down, and attached to rushes in salt marsh over two feet of water.
+Collector, Geo. W. Morse.</p>
+
+<p>725a. <span class="sc">Tule Wren.</span> <i>Telmatodytes palustris paludicola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States on the Pacific coast; north to British
+Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits and eggs of these birds are in all respects like those of
+the last.</p>
+
+<p>725b. <span class="sc">Worthington's Marsh Wren.</span> <i>Telmatodytes palustris griseus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast of South Carolina and Georgia.</p>
+
+<p>The habits and eggs of this paler form are identical with those of <i>palustris</i>.</p>
+
+<p>725c. <span class="sc">Western Marsh Wren.</span> <i>Telmatodytes palustris plesius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States west of the Rockies, except the Pacific coast; north to
+British Columbia. This variety is like the Tule Wren but slightly paler; its
+nesting habits and eggs are the same.</p>
+
+<p>725.1. <span class="sc">Marian's Marsh Wren.</span> <i>Telmatodytes palustris marian&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--West coast of Florida.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the Long-billed variety but is darker and more barred
+above and below. Its nests and eggs will not be found to differ materially
+from those of the others of this genus.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/431mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_430" id="Page_430"></a> 430
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/432ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<h2>CREEPERS. Family CERTHIID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/432a.png">
+<p>Brown Creeper.</p></div>
+<p>726. <span class="sc">Brown Creeper.</span> <i>Certhia familiaris americana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding
+from the northern tier of states northward;
+winters in the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/432b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These peculiar, weak-voiced Creepers are
+common in northern United States during the
+winter, when they may be seen slowly toiling
+up the tree trunks, searching the
+crannies of the bark for larvae.
+They make their nests behind
+loose hanging bark on old tree
+stubs, usually at low elevations,
+building them of twigs, bark,
+moss, etc., held together with
+cobwebs. The eggs, which are laid in May
+or June, are pure white, specked and spotted
+with reddish brown; they average in size .58
+&times; .48. The nests are most often found under
+the loosened bark on coniferous trees.</p>
+
+<p>[Illustration: ]</p>
+
+<p>726a. <span class="sc">Mexican Creeper.</span> <i>Certhia familiaris albescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western Mexico north to southern Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits of this brighter colored form are the same as those of
+the others.</p>
+
+<p>726b. <span class="sc">Rocky Mountain Creeper.</span> <i>Certhia familiaris montana.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountains, breeding from New Mexico to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>The eggs of this grayer variety cannot be distinguished from those of the
+eastern birds and the nests are in similar situations.</p>
+
+<p>726c. <span class="sc">California Creeper.</span> <i>Certhia familiaris occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from southern California north to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>An abundant species, especially on mountain ranges, breeding behind the
+bark chiefly on pine trees. The eggs are not different from those of the others.</p>
+
+<p>726d. <span class="sc">Sierra Creeper.</span> <i>Certhia familiaris zelotes.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Sierra Nevada Mountains in California and the Cascade Range in
+Oregon.</p>
+
+<p>Very similar to the last and with the same habits; eggs indistinguishable.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_431" id="Page_431"></a> 431
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h2>NUTHATCHES AND TITS. Family SITTID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/433a.png">
+<p>White-breasted Nuthatch.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>727. <span class="sc">White-breasted Nuthatch.</span> <i>Sitta carolinensis carolinensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States east of the Rockies,
+breeding from the Gulf to southern Canada;
+resident throughout its range.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/433b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds are creepers, but unlike the last
+species, these run about on the trunks, either
+up or down; their tails are not pointed and
+stiffened like those of the Brown
+Creepers, and their plumage is
+gray and black above with a
+black crown, and white below.
+They nest in holes in trees,
+usually deep in the woods and
+at any elevation from the
+ground; they nearly always use deserted Woodpeckers'
+holes but are said at times to excavate
+their own, with great labor as their bills
+are little adapted for that work. They line the
+cavities with bark strips and hair or feathers,
+and during April or May, lay from four to nine
+white eggs, profusely specked with reddish
+brown and lilac. Size .80 &times; .60. Data.--Lancaster, Mass., May 16, 1902. Nest in
+hole in an oak tree, 45 feet above ground; made of fine strips of bark fibre and
+hair.</p>
+
+<p>727a. <span class="sc">Slender-billed Nuthatch.</span> <i>Sitta carolinensis aculeata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, west of the Rockies and from Mexico to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>This species is as abundant in the west as the last is in the east, and nests in
+like situations. The eggs cannot be distinguished from those of the eastern
+birds.</p>
+
+<p>727b. <span class="sc">Florida White-breasted Nuthatch.</span> <i>Sitta carolinensis atkinsi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Florida and the South Atlantic coast to South Carolina.</p>
+
+<p>The habits and eggs of these birds are like those of the northern ones.</p>
+
+<p>727c. <span class="sc">Rocky Mountain Nuthatch.</span> <i>Sitta carolinensis nelsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountains from Mexico north to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>Their nesting habits or eggs are not distinctive in any respect.</p>
+
+<p>727d. <span class="sc">San Lucas Nuthatch.</span> <i>Sitta carolinensis lagun&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountain ranges of Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Said to be like <i>aculeata</i> but with the wings and tail slightly shorter.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/433mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_432" id="Page_432"></a> 432
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/434ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/434a.png">
+<p>Red-breasted Nuthatch.</p></div>
+
+<p>728. <span class="sc">Red-breasted Nuthatch.</span> <i>Sitta canadensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from the
+northern tier of states northward, and farther
+south in mountain ranges; winters south to
+southern United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/434b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is smaller than
+the last and has reddish brown
+underparts and a black stripe
+through the eye. The breeding
+habits are the same as those
+of the White-bellied variety, but
+these birds almost invariably
+coat the tree below the opening with pitch,
+for what purpose is unknown. They lay from
+four to six white eggs, numerously spotted
+with reddish brown; size, .60 &times; .50. Data.--Upton,
+Maine, June 21, 1898. Nest in hole of
+dead birch stub, 20 feet from the ground; made
+of strips of bark and a few feathers. 5 eggs.</p>
+
+<p>729. <span class="sc">Brown-headed Nuthatch.</span> <i>Sitta pusilla.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--South Atlantic and Gulf States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/434c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species has a yellowish brown crown and whitish underparts. Their
+habits are like those of the other Nuthatches, they nesting in
+cavities at varying heights, from two to fifty feet from the ground.
+That they sometimes depart from the usual custom is evidenced
+by the data accompanying this egg. They lay from four to
+seven eggs, white with profuse markings of reddish brown; size
+.60 &times; .48. Data.--St. Mary's, Ga. Nest situated under the bark
+of an old dead pine stump, 4 feet from the ground; made of fine
+strips of bark.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/434d.png">
+<p>Brown-headed Nuthatch.</p></div>
+
+<p>730. <span class="sc">Pygmy Nuthatch.</span> <i>Sitta pygm&aelig;a pygm&aelig;a.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America west of the Rockies,
+breeding from Mexico north to British Columbia.
+Resident throughout its range.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/434e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species has an olive gray crown bordered
+by dusky, the back is ashy blue and the
+underparts soiled white or rusty. They are
+common in mountains of western United States,
+nesting in holes in trees the
+same as the other species of
+Nuthatches. They lay from five
+to nine eggs which are white,
+speckled thickly with reddish
+brown; size .60 &times; .50. Data.--Huachuca
+Mts., Arizona, May
+25, 1901. Nest in cavity (10 inches deep) in
+dead pine stump about 15 feet from the ground;
+composed of a mass of vegetable down; altitude
+9000 feet.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_433" id="Page_433"></a> 433
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/435a.png">
+<p>Tufted Titmouse.
+Black-crested Titmouse.</p></div>
+<p>730a. <span class="sc">White-naped Nuthatch.</span> <i>Sitta pygm&aelig;a leuconucha.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>Like the last but grayer above and white
+below. Its habits and eggs are the same as
+those of the Pygmy Nuthatch.</p>
+
+<p>731. <span class="sc">Tufted Titmouse.</span> <i>B&aelig;olophus bicolor</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, resident and
+breeding from the Gulf north to New York and
+Illinois.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/435b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species has a grayish
+crest and upper parts, and is
+white beneath with brownish
+sides and black forehead.
+These common and noisy
+birds nest in natural cavities
+in trees or in holes deserted
+by Woodpeckers; they may
+be found at any elevation, from two to thirty
+feet from the ground. They line the bottom
+of the cavity with leaves, bark, fibres and hair, and during April or May lay
+five to eight white eggs, plentifully specked with reddish brown. Size .74 &times; .54.</p>
+
+<p>732. <span class="sc">Black-crested Titmouse.</span> <i>B&aelig;olophus atricristatus atricristatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas and southward.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/435c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Titmouse has a black crest and the forehead is white; otherwise similar
+to the preceding. Like the last, these birds nest in deserted
+Woodpeckers' holes and natural cavities in trees, either in open
+woods or in the vicinity of habitations. Their eggs are sparsely
+spotted with reddish brown, and not usually distinguishable from
+those of the Tufted Titmouse. Size .70 &times; .54. Data.--Brownsville,
+Texas, May 11, 1892. Nest of moss, hair, down and wool in
+cavity in tree in open woods near town; 4 feet from the ground.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/435deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/435mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_434" id="Page_434"></a> 434
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/434ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/436a.png">
+<p>733--734.</p></div>
+
+<p>733. <span class="sc">Plain Titmouse.</span> <i>B&aelig;olophus inornatus inornatus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--California and Oregon west of the Sierra Nevadas.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/436b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This common, slightly crested Titmouse is grayish brown
+above and grayish white below. They nest anywhere in
+cavities that meet with their approval, about
+old buildings, in fence posts, etc., as well
+as holes in trees. Their eggs range from
+five to eight in number and are white, usually
+spotted with pale brownish. Size .72 &times;
+.52. Data.--Tulare Co., California, April 3,
+1895. Nest in an oak tree, 32 feet from the
+ground, in a natural cavity of a horizontal limb; composed
+of grasses, feathers and fur.</p>
+
+<p>733a. <span class="sc">Gray Titmouse.</span> <i>B&aelig;olophus inornatus griseus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southeastern United States, from Colorado and
+Nevada southward.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits of this gray Titmouse are just the
+same as those of the other.</p>
+
+<p>733b. <span class="sc">Ashy Titmouse.</span> <i>B&aelig;olophus inornatus cineraceus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The habits of this variety are the same as those of the Plain Titmouse and
+doubtless the eggs are also.</p>
+
+<p>734. <span class="sc">Bridled Titmouse.</span> <i>B&aelig;olophus wollweberi.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/436c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexico north to southern Arizona, New Mexico and western Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This handsome species is quite abundant in the mountains
+of southern Arizona, and nests in woods or about ranches,
+lining the cavities of trees with moss, down, leaves, etc. The
+three to seven eggs that they lay are pure white, unmarked.
+Size .65 &times; .52. Data.--Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, April
+5, 1901. Nest in the natural cavity of a live oak, 12 feet
+from the ground; cavity lined
+with bark and feathers.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/436d.png">
+<p>Chickadee.
+Carolina Chickadee.</p></div>
+
+<p>735. <span class="sc">Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding
+from the Middle and Central States northward
+to Labrador; only migratory to a slight extent.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/436e.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>The Chickadee is too well known
+to need any description; suffice it
+to say that they are the favorites,
+with everybody, among all the
+North American birds. They breed
+in holes in trees in orchards or
+woods, and also in bird boxes. I
+have found by far the greater number in decayed
+birch stubs. They line the cavities
+with fine grasses and feathers, and during
+May or June lay from five to eight white
+eggs, dotted with reddish brown; size .55 &times; .45.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_435" id="Page_435"></a> 435
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 200px"><img alt="" src="images/437a.png">
+<p>735b--737--738.</p></div>
+<p>735a. <span class="sc">Long-tailed Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes ataricapillus septentrionalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region, north to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is very similar to the last but has a slightly
+longer tail and the colors are purer. Its nesting habits
+are the same and the eggs are indistinguishable from those
+of the eastern Chickadee.</p>
+
+<p>735b. <span class="sc">Oregon Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes atricapillus occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from California to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>The habits and eggs of this slightly darker variety are
+just the same as those of the common Chickadee of
+the east.</p>
+
+<p>736. <span class="sc">Carolina Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes carolinensis carolinensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern United States from the
+Gulf to New Jersey and Illinois.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/437b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>The southern Chickadee is smaller than
+the northern and the wing coverts and feathers have little or
+no white edgings. Their nesting habits are in every particular
+the same as those of <i>atricapillus</i> and the eggs cannot be distinguished
+with certainty, but average smaller; size .53 &times; .43.</p>
+
+<p>736a. <span class="sc">Plumbeous Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes carolinensis agilis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern and central Texas.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is said to be more plumbeous above and much whiter below
+than the preceding. No differences can be found in the eggs of the two varieties
+and the nesting habits are the same.</p>
+
+<p>737. <span class="sc">Mexican Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes sclateri.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mountains of western Mexico north to southern Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>This species has the black more extended on the throat and the under parts
+are grayish of a lighter shade than the upper, the cheeks, however, remaining
+white. Their nests are in hollow stubs and the eggs are indistinguishable from
+those of the foregoing Chickadees.</p>
+
+<p>738. <span class="sc">Mountain Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes gambeli gambeli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region and west to the Pacific; north to British
+Columbia chiefly in higher ranges.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/437c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This handsome little Titmouse has a white superciliary
+line, leaving a black stripe through the eye. Their habits
+are like those of the other Chickadees and they are equally
+confiding and inquisitive. Their eggs range from five to eight
+in number and are either pure white or faintly marked with
+reddish brown; size .60 &times; .45. Data.--Estes Park, Colorado,
+June 8, 1803. Nest in an old Sapsucker's hole in a live aspen
+tree, 28 feet from the ground; cavity lined with hair and fur.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/437mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_436" id="Page_436"></a> 436
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/438ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/438a.png">
+<p>Hudsonian Chickadee.</p></div>
+<p>739. <span class="sc">Alaska Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes cinctus alascensis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Alaska and eastern Siberia.</p>
+
+<p>This bird, which is most like the Hudsonian
+Chickadee, nests in the usual manner and its
+eggs are like those of the common Chickadee
+of the east.</p>
+
+<p>740. <span class="sc">Hudsonian Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes hudsonicus hudsonicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western half of British America.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/438b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>These brown capped Chickadees
+are very abundant throughout the
+northwest and are even tamer than
+our United States varieties. They
+usually make their nests at low elevations
+in dead and decayed stumps
+and line the bottom of the cavity,
+which varies from three to eight inches in
+depth, with moss and fur. Their eggs, which
+they lay in May, June or July, are white, specked with reddish brown and
+cannot with any certainty be distinguished from those of the Black-capped
+Chickadees, the eggs of all the species showing considerable variations; size
+.60 &times; .45.</p>
+
+<p>740a. <span class="sc">Acadian Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes hudsonicus littoralis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Kowak River, northwest Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>A larger and grayer form of the last species; nesting habits and eggs not
+differing.</p>
+
+<p>740b. <span class="sc">Columbian Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes hudsonicus columbianus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountains from northern United States to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>Like <i>hudsonicus</i> but with the crown slaty instead of brownish. No difference
+can be distinguished either in their habits or eggs.</p>
+
+<p>740c. <span class="sc">Canadian Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes hudsonicus littoralis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern half of Canada and northern New England and New York.</p>
+
+<p>These birds were formerly <i>hudsonicus</i> in company with the western ones, but
+they are now supposed to be a trifle smaller and with the crown duller; this
+division does not affect the similarity of their habits and eggs.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/438deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_437" id="Page_437"></a> 437
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>741. <span class="sc">Chestnut-backed Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes rufescens rufescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from Oregon to Alaska.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/439a.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the Hudsonian in having a
+brown crown and black throat, but has in addition, a chestnut
+colored back and sides. They breed locally in Oregon,
+more commonly in Washington and are abundant in British
+Columbia, making the nests of animal fur in holes in dead
+stubs. Their eggs vary in number from five to eight and are
+creamy white, dotted with reddish; size .60 &times; .45. Data.--Dayton, Oregon,
+May 28, 1906. Nest of hair and fur in willow stub, 10 feet up.</p>
+
+<p>741a. <span class="sc">California Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes rufescens neglectus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Coast regions of California.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is not as rufous on the sides as the more northern one. Its habits
+and eggs are the same.</p>
+
+<p>741b. <span class="sc">Barlow's Chickadee.</span> <i>Penthestes rufescens barlowi</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--About Monterey Bay, California.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is said to have no rusty on the flanks. Its habits and eggs are
+like those of the others.</p>
+
+<p>742a. <span class="sc">Pallid Wren-Tit.</span> <i>Cham&aelig;a fasciata henshawi</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of California from Lower California to the Sacramento
+Valley.</p>
+
+<p>This duller colored variety has the same nesting habits and similar eggs to
+those of the Coast Wren-tit.</p>
+
+<p>742b. <span class="sc">Coast Wren-Tit.</span> <i>Cham&aelig;a fasciata fasciata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from southern California north to Oregon.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/439b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>These peculiar brownish gray colored birds frequent the tangled
+underbrush of ravines and mountain sides where they lead
+the life of a recluse. They nest at low elevations in the densest
+thickets, making them of twigs, strips of bark, grasses and
+feathers, compactly woven together and located in bushes from
+one to four feet from the ground. They lay from three to five
+plain, unmarked, pure white eggs; size .75 &times; .54. Data.--Wrights,
+Cal. Nest in a tangle of vines in a deep ravine; composed
+of strips of bark, moss and grasses, lined with cattle hair; a bulky nest.</p>
+
+
+<p>743. <span class="sc">Bush-Tit.</span> <i>Psaltriparus minimus minimus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of northern California, Oregon and Washington.</p>
+
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 185px"><img alt="" src="images/439c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+<p>These diminutive little birds build nests that are marvels of
+architecture, making long purse-like structures, suspended from
+twigs usually at low elevations from the ground. The nests are
+made of moss, lichens, fibres, ferns and grasses and lined with
+feathers or wool; the opening is on one side near the top, and a
+typical nest averages 12 inches in length, by 4.5 inches in diameter
+at the bottom and 3 at the top. Their eggs number from four to
+nine and are pure white; size .54 &times; .40. The birds are very active and have the
+same habits as the Chickadees, being seen often suspended, head downward,
+from the ends of twigs, in their search for insects.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/439mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_438" id="Page_438"></a> 438
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/440ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>743a. <span class="sc">California Bush-Tit.</span> <i>Psaltriparus minimus californicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--California with the exception of the northern part.</p>
+
+<p>This sub-species, which is like the last but with a lighter brown head, has
+the same habits, nests in the same manner and its eggs are not distinguishable
+from those of the others.</p>
+
+<p>743b. <span class="sc">Grinda's Bush-Tit.</span> <i>Psaltriparus minimus grind&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 300px"><img alt="" src="images/440a.png">
+<p>BUSH-TIT AND NEST.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits of this variety,
+which is very similar to the last, do
+not vary in any respect; eggs indistinguishable.</p>
+
+<p>744. <span class="sc">Lead-colored Bush-Tit.</span> <i>Psaltriparus plumbeus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region
+from Wyoming south to Arizona.</p>
+
+<p>This species suspends its semi-pensile
+nests in bushes or trees, and some
+times from the mistletoe, which grows
+on numerous trees in southern Arizona.
+The nests are composed like
+those of the Cal. Bush-Tit and range
+from 6 to 10 inches in length. The
+eggs are white, five or six in number
+and measure .55 &times; .42.</p>
+
+<p>745. <span class="sc">Lloyd's Bush-Tit.</span> <i>Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Mexico north into
+western Texas and New Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This species is similar to the lead-colored
+Bush-Tit but has the ear coverts
+glossy black. Like the others, it
+builds a long pensile nest of similar
+material and suspended from the
+extremities of limbs near the ground
+The five to seven eggs are pure white.
+Size .58 &times; .42.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/440deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_439" id="Page_439"></a> 439
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/441a.png">
+<p>Verdin.</p></div>
+<p>746. <span class="sc">Verdin.</span> <i>Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexican border of the United States,
+north to Colorado and Nevada.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/441b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Bush-Tit has a bright yellow head and
+throat, the upper parts being gray and the
+belly, white. They are abundant in chaparral
+brush, locally throughout their
+range. Their large globular
+nests are situated in bushes at
+low elevations from the ground,
+and are made of twigs and
+weeds, softly lined with fur and
+feathers. Their three to six eggs
+are pale greenish blue, specked and dotted
+with reddish brown. Size .58 &times; .44. Data.--Brownsville,
+Texas, May 8, 1894. Large nest
+of sticks and thorns, lined with hair and
+feathers, and located in a bush in brush thicket,
+8 feet from the ground.</p>
+
+<p>746a. <span class="sc">Cape Verdin.</span> <i>Auriparus flaviceps lamprocephalus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This new sub-species is said to have shorter wings and tail, and also to be
+brighter yellow on the head. Its habits and eggs will not differ from those of
+the common Verdin or Yellow-headed Bush-Tit.</p>
+
+<h2>WARBLERS, KINGLETS and GNATCATCHERS. Family SYLVIID&AElig;</h2>
+
+<p>747. <span class="sc">Kennicott's Willow Warbler.</span> <i>Acanthopneuste borealis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Asia, casually found in Alaska.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/441c.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species breeds in the extreme northern parts of Asia, and
+I believe its eggs have never been found on this continent. They
+build their nests of moss and grasses, on the ground in open
+woods, concealing them under tufts of grass or tussocks of earth.
+The three to five eggs are white, spotted with pale reddish brown.
+Size .70 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>748. <span class="sc">Golden-crowned Kinglet.</span> <i>Regulus satrapa satrapa.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding from northern United States northward,
+and south in the Rockies to Mexico, and in the Alleghanies to the Carolinas;
+winters throughout the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/441d.png">
+<p>Gray.</p></div>
+
+<p>This rugged little fellow appears to be perfectly content in our
+northern states even during the most severe winters and leaves
+us early in the spring for his breeding grounds farther north.
+They are usually found in company with Chickadees and, like
+them, may be seen hanging to twigs in all sorts of positions as
+they search for their meagre fare. Their nests are large, round
+structures of green moss, bark strips and fine rootlets, very
+thickly lined with soft feathers; these are placed in forks or partially suspended
+among the branches of spruce trees, usually high above the ground. During
+June they lay from five to ten eggs of a dull whitish or grayish color, spotted
+heavily with pale brown and lilac. Size .55 &times; .42.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/441mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_440" id="Page_440"></a> 440
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/442ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/442a.png">
+<p>Golden-crowned Kinglets.</p></div>
+
+<p>748a. <span class="sc">Western Golden-crowned Kinglet.</span> <i>Regulas satrapa olivaceus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from southern California
+to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This variety is said to be brighter colored
+than the last; its habits and eggs are the same
+in all particulars.</p>
+
+<p>749. <span class="sc">Ruby-crowned Kinglet.</span> <i>Regulus calendula calendula.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/442b.png">
+<p>White.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--North America, breeding
+from the northern border of
+the United States northward,
+and farther south in mountain
+ranges; winters in southern
+United States.</p>
+
+<p>This little bird is of the size
+of the Golden-crowned Kinglet (4.25 inches
+long) and has a partially concealed patch of
+red on the crown, not bordered by black and
+yellow as is the last species. Their nests are
+similar in construction to those of the last species and are situated in coniferous
+trees at any altitude from the ground. Their four to nine eggs are creamy
+white, finely specked with reddish brown. Size .56 &times; .44.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/442c.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF BLUE-GRAY GNATCATCHER.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_441" id="Page_441"></a> 441
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/443a.png">
+<p>Ruby-crowned Kinglet.</p></div>
+
+<p>749a. <span class="sc">Sitka Kinglet.</span> <i>Regulas calendula grinnelli.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast, breeding in Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>Said to be brighter than the preceding variety.</p>
+
+<p>749b. <span class="sc">Dusky Kinglet.</span> <i>Regulus calendula obscurus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Guadalupe Island, Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This species nests during March in the large
+cypress and pine groves at high elevations
+above the ground. The nests are similar in
+construction to those of the common Ruby-crown,
+and the eggs are scarcely different from
+some specimens of that species; white, dotted
+and wreathed with reddish brown. Size .56
+&times; .43.</p>
+
+<p>751. <span class="sc">Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher.</span> <i>Polioptila c&aelig;rulea c&aelig;rulea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--United States, east of the Rockies, breeding from the Gulf to the
+Middle and Central States; casually north to Massachusetts and Minnesota.</p>
+
+<p>These graceful birds are bluish gray above with a black forehead and central
+tail feathers, and white underparts. They are common in wooded districts in
+the south, where they saddle their beautiful nests upon horizontal branches or
+in crotches usually at quite an elevation from the ground; they
+resemble large Ruby-throated Hummers' nests but the walls are
+much higher and thicker; they are made of plant fibres and
+down, lined with cottony substances and hair, and covered on
+the outside with lichens to match the limb upon which it is
+placed.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/443b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>Their eggs are bluish white, specked with reddish chestnut.
+Size .58 &times; .45. Data.--Chattanooga, Tenn., April 30, 1900.
+Nest of moss, covered with lichens and lined with hair and feathers; 20 feet
+from the ground in a small tree.</p>
+
+<p>751a. <span class="sc">Western Gnatcatcher.</span> <i>Polioptila c&aelig;rulea obscura.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States and Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The habits and eggs of this sub-species are the same as those of the eastern
+bird, and the nests do not differ except, perhaps, in less ornamentation of the
+exterior.</p>
+
+<p>752. <span class="sc">Plumbeous Gnatcatcher.</span> <i>Polioptila plumbea.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Mexican boundary from western Texas to southern California.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/443c.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species has a bright shining black crown and more black
+on the tail than the eastern Gnatcatcher. They saddle their
+nests upon the branches of trees or in upright forks, usually at an
+elevation of ten feet or more from the ground; the nests are
+made of plant fibres and fine bark strips, compactly felted together,
+and with little, if any, ornamental lichens on the exterior.
+Their eggs are pale greenish blue, spotted with reddish brown, and vary from
+three to five in number. Size .54 &times; .44.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/443mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_442" id="Page_442"></a> 442
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/444ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/444a.png">
+<p>Blue-gray Gnatcatcher.</p></div>
+
+<p>753. <span class="sc">Black-tailed Gnatcatcher.</span> <i>Polioptila californica.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of southern California
+and northern Lower California.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/444b.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This bird is very similar to the last but has
+still less white on the outer tail feathers. Like
+the last, the nests of this species
+usually lack the exterior
+covering of lichens, being made
+of vegetable fibres and plant
+down, firmly quilted together and
+saddled on horizontal limbs or
+placed in forks of trees at any
+height from the ground. Their eggs are grayish
+white, specked with bright reddish brown.
+Size .55 &times; .44. Data.--Escondido, Cal., May 17,
+1903. 5 eggs. Nest on a large limb of a sycamore,
+30 feet above ground; made of weed
+fibres, etc., lined with hair and fine fibres.</p>
+
+<h2>THRUSHES, SOLITAIRES, BLUEBIRDS, ETC. Family TURDIDAE</h2>
+
+<p>754. <span class="sc">Townsend's Solitaire.</span> <i>Myadestes townsendi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Western United States, breeding from Arizona, New Mexico and
+southern California north to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/444c.png">
+<p>Grayish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>This unique species is of a uniform brownish gray color, with a white eye
+ring, narrow bar on wing, and outer tail feathers, and
+with the bases of the primaries rusty colored. It is a
+ground inhabiting bird, feeding upon insects and berries
+in shrubbery and thickets. Their song is said to be liquid,
+melodious and often long continued, equaling that of any
+other bird. They nest on the ground in hollows under
+banks or crevices about roots of trees or fallen stumps,
+making a large, loosely constructed pile of weeds and
+trash, hollowed and lined with rootlets. The three or
+four eggs, which are laid in June, are grayish white,
+spotted with pale brown, chiefly or most abundantly about the large end. Size
+.96 &times; .70.</p>
+
+<p>755. <span class="sc">Wood Thrush.</span> <i>Hylocichla mustelina.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from North Carolina and Kansas
+north to northern United States; winters south of our borders.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 175px"><img alt="" src="images/444d.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>This Thrush with his brightly spotted breast is the most handsome of this
+group of musical birds. They are common in damp woods
+and thickets, in which places they breed, placing their
+nests of straw, leaves and grasses in low trees usually between
+four and ten feet from the ground; their nests are
+often very rustic, being ornamented by pieces of paper
+and twigs with dead leaves attached hanging from the
+sides of the quite bulky structures. During May or June
+they lay three or four greenish blue eggs of about the
+shade of a Robin's. Size 1.05 &times; .70.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_443" id="Page_443"></a> 443
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/445a.png">
+<p>Wood Thrush.</p></div>
+
+<p>756. <span class="sc">Veery.</span> <i>Hylocichla fuscescens fuscescens.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in
+the northern half of its United States range
+and in the southern British Provinces.</p>
+
+<p>The Veery is very abundantly distributed in
+woodland, either moist or dry, and nests on
+the ground or within a very few inches of it,
+usually placing its structures of woven bark
+strips and grasses, in the midst of a clump of
+sprouts or ferns. The three or four eggs which
+they lay in May or June are bluish green, much
+darker than those of the Wood Thrush, and
+nearly the color of those of the Catbird. Size
+.90 &times; .65.</p>
+
+<p>756a. <span class="sc">Willow Thrush.</span> <i>Hylocichla fuscescens salicicola.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region, north to
+British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>The nests and eggs of this similar bird do
+not differ from those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>757. <span class="sc">Gray-cheeked Thrush.</span> <i>Hylocichla alici&aelig; alici&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds from Labrador to Alaska; winters south to Central America.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits and eggs of this species are very similar to those of the
+following sub-species and the same description will answer for both.</p>
+
+<p>757. <span class="sc">Bicknell's Thrush.</span> <i>Hylocichla alici&aelig; bicknelli.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 340px"><img alt="" src="images/445b.png">
+<p>Wilson's Thrush.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Breeds in the Catskills, White Mountains and Nova Scotia.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/445c.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>These birds, which are practically identical
+with the preceding, build their nests at low
+elevations in trees, usually evergreens when
+present, making them of twigs, moss and rootlets,
+lined with fine grasses.
+The eggs, which are laid during
+May or June, are pale
+greenish blue, spotted and
+blotched with pale brown or
+russet. Size .88 &times; .64. Data.--Seal
+Island, Nova Scotia,
+June 3, 1901. Nest of green
+moss and rootlets, in a spruce, 5 feet from the
+ground.</p>
+
+<p>758. <span class="sc">Russet-backed Thrush.</span> <i>Hylocichla ustulata ustulata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast, breeding in Oregon
+and Alaska; winters in Central America.</p>
+
+<p>This species is very abundant in moist
+thickets throughout its range, nesting in bushes
+and low trees, and making them of weed
+stalks, bark strips, grasses and moss, lined
+with fine black rootlets.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/445mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_444" id="Page_444"></a> 444
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/446.png"><br>
+WOOD THRUSH.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_445" id="Page_445"></a> 445
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/447a.png">
+<p>Gray-cheeked Thrush.<br>
+Olive-backed Thrush.</p></div>
+<p>They are found at
+elevations of from two to ten feet above the
+ground. Like the Wood Thrush the birds are
+tame while sitting on the nest and will allow a
+very close approach, without taking alarm;
+nests are frequently found which are made almost
+entirely out of green
+moss and are very handsome
+structures.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/447b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>Their three to
+five eggs are laid in May or
+June; they are greenish blue,
+spotted with brown of varying
+shades. Size .92 &times; .65.
+Data.--Eureka, California,
+July 6, 1899. Nest in a fir tree, 5 feet from the
+ground; made of moss and strips of redwood
+bark. 4 eggs.</p>
+
+<p>758a. <span class="sc">Olive-backed Thrush.</span> <i>Hylocichla swainsoni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding
+chiefly north of the United States, but locally in the northern parts, and abundantly
+in mountain ranges.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits and eggs of this eastern representative of the last species
+are like those of that bird in all respects and the eggs cannot be distinguished
+from those of <i>ustulatus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>758b. <span class="sc">Olive-Backed Thrush.</span> <i>Hylocichla &oelig;dica</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Range.--California and southern Oregon.</p>
+
+<p>Nesting habits and eggs identical with those of <i>ustulatus.</i></p>
+
+<p>759. <span class="sc">Alaska Hermit Thrush.</span> <i>Hylocichla guttata guttata.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from British Columbia to Alaska. Winters in Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>The Hermit Thrushes can readily be identified from any other by the reddish
+brown tail which is in marked contrast to the color of the back. The nesting
+habits and eggs of this species are precisely like those of the eastern Hermit
+Thrush, which is a sub-species of this.</p>
+
+<p>759a. <span class="sc">Audubon's Hermit Thrush.</span> <i>Hylocichla guttata auduboni.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Winters in Central
+America.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits of this bird are like those of the next except that it more
+frequently nests in bushes above the ground. The eggs are not distinctive.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/447deco.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/447mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_446" id="Page_446"></a> 446
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/448ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/448a.png">
+<p>Hermit Thrush.</p></div>
+
+<p>759b. <span class="sc">Hermit Thrush.</span> <i>Hylocichla guttata pallasi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern North America, breeding in
+northern United States and north to Labrador;
+winters in southern United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/448b.png">
+<p>Bluish green.</p></div>
+
+<p>This species, which is noted for its sweet and
+musical song, frequents damp swamps and
+thickets where it builds its nest either on the
+ground or near it, like that of the Wilson
+Thrush; it is made of shreds
+of bark, grasses, leaves and
+rootlets, lined with fine rootlets;
+the three or four eggs,
+which are deposited in May
+or June, are bluish green and
+cannot, with certainty, be
+distinguished from those of
+the Veery; size .85 &times; .65.</p>
+
+<p>759c. <span class="sc">Dwarf Hermit Thrush.</span> <i>Hylocichla guttata nanus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast of United States, from Washington, southward.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits and eggs of this slightly smaller and duller colored variety
+are like those of the other Hermit Thrushes.</p>
+
+<p>760. <span class="sc">Red-winged Thrush.</span> <i>Turdus musicus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--An Old World species, accidentally straying to Greenland.</p>
+
+<p>This common European bird nests at low elevations in bushes or trees, laying
+four or five bluish green eggs, spotted with reddish brown; size 1.05 &times; .75.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/448c.png">
+<p>American Robin.</p></div>
+
+<p>761. <span class="sc">Robin.</span> <i>Planesticus migratorius migratorius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--North America east of the Rockies,
+breeding from the middle portions of the United
+States, north to the Arctic Ocean.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/448d.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>These common birds nest in trees about
+houses, in orchards, open woods, in corners of
+fences, on blinds on houses, and in fact almost
+every conceivable
+position. Their nests
+are made of grasses,
+firmly cemented together
+with mud and lined
+with finer grasses;
+when placed in trees
+they are generally firmly
+saddled in crotches
+and may be found at any height, from on the
+ground to sixty feet above it. Their eggs are
+greenish blue; size 1.15 &times; .80. Eggs may be
+found at any time from May until July or
+August as they raise several broods a season.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_447" id="Page_447"></a> 447
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>761b. <span class="sc">Southern Robin.</span> <i>Planesticus migratorius achrusterus.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--The Carolinas and Georgia.</p>
+
+<p>The eggs of this bird, which is said to be smaller and duller colored than the
+northern variety, show no differences in any respect.</p>
+
+<p>762. <span class="sc">San Lucas Robin.</span> <i>Planesticus confinis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Southern Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>This is a very much paler form of the American Robin; its eggs probably
+will not differ from those of the others.</p>
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/449.png"><br>
+NEST AND EGGS OF ROBIN.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/449mr.png"></p>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_448" id="Page_448"></a> 448
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/450ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/450a.png">
+<p>Wheatear.</p></div>
+<p>763. <span class="sc">Varied Thrush.</span> <i>Ixoreus n&aelig;vius n&aelig;vius.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from northern California
+to Alaska; south to Mexico in winter.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/450b.png">
+<p>Greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>These handsome birds breed abundantly in
+Alaska and locally in mountain ranges south
+to northern California. They nest at low elevations
+in trees, making
+them of moss, twigs,
+weeds and grasses,
+forming a flat shallow
+structure. Their eggs
+are greenish blue sharply
+but sparingly spotted
+with dark brown; size
+1.12 &times; .80. Data.--Delta
+of Kowak River, Alaska, June 11, 1899. Four
+eggs. Nest 12 feet from the ground, against
+the trunk of a slender spruce and supported
+by a clump of stiff twigs.</p>
+
+<p>763a. <span class="sc">Northern Varied Thrush.</span> <i>Ixoreus n&aelig;vius meruloides.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Interior of western North America, breeding from British Columbia
+to Alaska. Its habits and eggs do not differ from those of the last.</p>
+
+<p>764. <span class="sc">Siberian Red-spotted Bluethroat.</span> <i>Cyanosylvia suecica robusta.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Northern Asia; casually to Alaska.</p>
+
+<p>This beautiful foreigner nests on the ground and lays four to six greenish blue
+eggs, spotted with reddish brown; size .75 &times; .50.</p>
+
+<p>765. <span class="sc">Wheatear.</span> <i>Saxicola &oelig;nanthe &oelig;nanthe.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Asia; casual in Alaska in summer; nesting habits and eggs like the
+next.</p>
+
+<p>765a. <span class="sc">Greenland Wheatear.</span> <i>Saxicola &oelig;nanthe leucorhoa.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/450c.png">
+<p>Pale greenish blue.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Europe and Greenland; casual on the Atlantic coast
+of North America.</p>
+
+<p>This very abundant Old World species is a common breeding
+bird in Greenland and probably also in Labrador. They
+nest in crevices of quarries, holes in the ground, or stone
+walls, making a rude nest of weeds, moss or grasses, lined
+with hair or feathers, and during May lay from four to six
+pale greenish blue eggs; size .90 &times; .60.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_449" id="Page_449"></a> 449
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/451.png"><br>
+BLUEBIRD.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_450" id="Page_450"></a> 450
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
+<p><img alt="" src="images/452ml.png"></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p>766. <span class="sc">Bluebird.</span> <i>Sialia sialis sialis.</i></p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/452a.png">
+<p>Bluebird.</p></div>
+
+<p>Range.--Eastern United States, breeding from the Gulf to southern Canada.
+Winters in the southern half of the United States.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 150px"><img alt="" src="images/452b.png">
+<p>Bluish white.</p></div>
+
+<p>These familiar birds build in cavities in trees,
+usually below 20 feet from the ground, crevices
+among ledges, bird boxes and in any suitable
+nook they may discover about buildings,
+providing that English Sparrows do not molest
+them. They raise several
+broods a year, commencing in
+April when they lay from
+three to six pale bluish white
+eggs (rarely pure white);
+size .80 &times; .60. The cavities
+of their nesting sites are lined
+with grasses and feathers
+usually, although I have found the eggs on
+the unlined bottom of cavities in trees.</p>
+
+<p>766a. <span class="sc">Azure Bluebird.</span> <i>Sialia sialis fulva.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--This pale variety is found in southern
+Arizona and southward.</p>
+
+<p>Its nesting habits are the same and the eggs
+are indistinguishable from the last.</p>
+
+<p>[Illustration: ]</p>
+
+<p>767. <span class="sc">Western Bluebird.</span> <i>Sialia mexicana occidentalis.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Pacific coast from Lower California to British Columbia.</p>
+
+<p>The Western Bluebird is as common and familiar in its range as the common
+Bluebird is in the east. It nests in similar locations and its eggs are scarcely
+distinguishable, although averaging a trifle darker in shade; size .80 &times; .60.</p>
+
+<p>767a. <span class="sc">Chestnut-backed Bluebird.</span> <i>Sialia mexicana bairdi.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region from Mexico to Wyoming.</p>
+
+<p>The nesting habits or eggs of this brighter colored bird do not differ from
+those of the last species.</p>
+
+<p>767b. <span class="sc">San Pedro Bluebird.</span> <i>Sialia mexicana anabel&aelig;.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--San Pedro Martir Mountains in Lower California.</p>
+
+<p>The eggs of this variety will not in all probability be any different from those
+of the preceding Bluebirds.</p>
+
+<p>768. <span class="sc">Mountain Bluebird.</span> <i>Sialia currucoides.</i></p>
+
+<p>Range.--Rocky Mountain region, breeding from New Mexico north to Great
+Slave Lake; winters in southwestern United States and Mexico.</p>
+
+<p>This azure blue species is common in the greater part of its range and is found
+west to the Sierra Nevadas in California. Like the eastern Bluebird they nest
+in holes in trees or anywhere that they can find a suitable cavity or crevice.
+Their eggs are slightly larger than those of the other Bluebirds and have a
+slight greenish tint; size .85 &times; .64.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h3>INDEX</h3>
+
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_451" id="Page_451"></a> 451
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Acanthis hornemanni............... <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+             "    exilipes........ <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+  linaria......................... <a href="#Page_329">329</a>
+     "   holb&oelig;li.................. <a href="#Page_329">329</a>
+     "   rostrata................. <a href="#Page_329">329</a>
+Acanthopneuste borealis........... <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+Accipiter cooperi................. <a href="#Page_205">205</a>
+  velox........................... <a href="#Page_204">204</a>
+Actitis macularia................. <a href="#Page_158">158</a>
+&AElig;chmophorus occidentalis..........  <a href="#Page_11">11</a>
+&AElig;egialitis dubia.................. <a href="#Page_166">166</a>
+  hiaticula....................... <a href="#Page_166">166</a>
+  meloda.......................... <a href="#Page_166">166</a>
+  mongola......................... <a href="#Page_167">167</a>
+  nivosa.......................... <a href="#Page_167">167</a>
+  semipalmata..................... <a href="#Page_165">165</a>
+Aeronautes melanoleucus........... <a href="#Page_270">270</a>
+&AElig;strelata fisheri.................  <a href="#Page_67">67</a>
+  hasitata........................  <a href="#Page_67">67</a>
+  scalaris........................  <a href="#Page_67">67</a>
+Aethia cristatella................  <a href="#Page_25">25</a>
+  "    pygmaea....................  <a href="#Page_25">25</a>
+  "    pusilla....................  <a href="#Page_26">26</a>
+Agelaius gubernator californicus.. <a href="#Page_317">317</a>
+  ph&oelig;niceus....................... <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+     "      bryanti............... <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+     "      caurinus.............. <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+     "      floridanus............ <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+     "      fortis................ <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+     "      neutralis............. <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+     "      sonoriensis........... <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+  tricolor........................ <a href="#Page_317">317</a>
+Aimophila carpalis................ <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+  ruficeps........................ <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+     "     erem&oelig;ca................ <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+     "     scotti................. <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+     "     sororia................ <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+Aix sponsa........................  <a href="#Page_95">95</a>
+Ajaja ajaja....................... <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+Alauda arvensis................... <a href="#Page_297">297</a>
+Alaudid&aelig;.......................... <a href="#Page_297">297</a>
+Albatross, Black-footed...........  <a href="#Page_59">59</a>
+  Laysan..........................  <a href="#Page_60">60</a>
+  Short-tailed....................  <a href="#Page_59">59</a>
+  Sooty...........................  <a href="#Page_60">60</a>
+  Yellow-nosed....................  <a href="#Page_60">60</a>
+Alca torda........................  <a href="#Page_31">31</a>
+Alcedinid&aelig;........................ <a href="#Page_247">247</a>
+Alcid&aelig;............................  <a href="#Page_21">21</a>
+Alle alle.........................  <a href="#Page_34">34</a>
+Aluconid&aelig;......................... <a href="#Page_227">227</a>
+Alucopratincola................... <a href="#Page_227">227</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Amzillis cerviniventris chalconota <a href="#Page_279">279</a>
+  tzacatl......................... <a href="#Page_278">278</a>
+Ammodramus bairdi................. <a href="#Page_338">338</a>
+  savannarum australis............ <a href="#Page_338">338</a>
+      "      bimaculatus.......... <a href="#Page_338">338</a>
+      "      floridanus........... <a href="#Page_340">340</a>
+Amphispiza belli.................. <a href="#Page_351">351</a>
+  nevadensis cinerea.............. <a href="#Page_352">352</a>
+      "      nevadensis........... <a href="#Page_352">352</a>
+  bilineata bilineata............. <a href="#Page_351">351</a>
+      "     deserticola........... <a href="#Page_351">351</a>
+Anas platyrhynchos................  <a href="#Page_88">88</a>
+  fulvigula fulvigula.............  <a href="#Page_90">90</a>
+      "     maculosa..............  <a href="#Page_91">91</a>
+  rubripes........................  <a href="#Page_90">90</a>
+Anatid&aelig;...........................  <a href="#Page_87">87</a>
+Anhinga...........................  <a href="#Page_77">77</a>
+  anhinga.........................  <a href="#Page_77">77</a>
+Anhingid&aelig;.........................  <a href="#Page_77">77</a>
+Ani............................... <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+  Grove-billed.................... <a href="#Page_243">243</a>
+Anous stolidus....................  <a href="#Page_57">57</a>
+Anser albifrons albifrons......... <a href="#Page_108">108</a>
+         "      gambeli........... <a href="#Page_108">108</a>
+  fabalis......................... <a href="#Page_108">108</a>
+Anseres...........................  <a href="#Page_87">87</a>
+Anthus cervinus................... <a href="#Page_419">419</a>
+  pratensis....................... <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+  rubescens....................... <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+  spraguei........................ <a href="#Page_419">419</a>
+Antrostomus carolinensis.......... <a href="#Page_263">263</a>
+  vociferus vociferus............. <a href="#Page_263">263</a>
+      "     macromystax........... <a href="#Page_264">264</a>
+Aphelocoma californica californica <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+Aphelocoma californica hypoleuca.. <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+               "       obscura.... <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+  cyanea.......................... <a href="#Page_306">306</a>
+  cyanotis........................ <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+  insularis....................... <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+  sieberi arizon&aelig;................. <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+     "    couchi.................. <a href="#Page_308">308</a>
+  texana.......................... <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+  woodhousei...................... <a href="#Page_306">306</a>
+Aphriza virgata................... <a href="#Page_169">169</a>
+Aphrizid&aelig;......................... <a href="#Page_169">169</a>
+Aquila chrys&aelig;tos.................. <a href="#Page_215">215</a>
+Aramid&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_129">129</a>
+Aramus vociferus.................. <a href="#Page_129">129</a>
+Archibuteo ferrugineus............ <a href="#Page_215">215</a>
+  lagopus sancti-johannis......... <a href="#Page_214">214</a>
+Archilochus alexandri............. <a href="#Page_273">273</a>
+    "       colubris.............. <a href="#Page_273">273</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_452" id="Page_452"></a> 452
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Arctonetta fischeri............... <a href="#Page_102">102</a>
+Ardea cinerea..................... <a href="#Page_122">122</a>
+   "  herodias.................... <a href="#Page_121">121</a>
+         "     fannini............ <a href="#Page_121">121</a>
+         "     wardi.............. <a href="#Page_122">122</a>
+   "  occidentalis................ <a href="#Page_121">121</a>
+Ardeid&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_119">119</a>
+Arenaria interpres interpres...... <a href="#Page_169">169</a>
+  melanocephala................... <a href="#Page_170">170</a>
+  morinella....................... <a href="#Page_169">169</a>
+Arquatella maritima couesi........ <a href="#Page_146">146</a>
+  ptilocnemis..................... <a href="#Page_147">147</a>
+  maritima maritima............... <a href="#Page_146">146</a>
+Arremonops rufivirgatus........... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+Asio accipitrinus................. <a href="#Page_229">229</a>
+ "   flammeus..................... <a href="#Page_229">229</a>
+ "   wilsonianus.................. <a href="#Page_227">227</a>
+Astragalinus lawrencei............ <a href="#Page_331">331</a>
+  psaltria psaltria............... <a href="#Page_331">331</a>
+  tristis tristis................. <a href="#Page_329">329</a>
+     "    pallidus................ <a href="#Page_331">331</a>
+     "    salicamans.............. <a href="#Page_331">331</a>
+Astur atricapillus atricapillus... <a href="#Page_205">205</a>
+           "       striatulus..... <a href="#Page_207">207</a>
+Asturina plagiata................. <a href="#Page_214">214</a>
+Asyndesmus lewisi................. <a href="#Page_257">257</a>
+Atthis morcomi.................... <a href="#Page_278">278</a>
+Auk, Great...................... <a href="#Page_33">33</a>-<a href="#Page_32">32</a>
+  Razor-billed....................  <a href="#Page_31">31</a>
+Auklet, Cassin's..................  <a href="#Page_24">24</a>
+  Crested.........................  <a href="#Page_26">26</a>
+  Least...........................  <a href="#Page_27">27</a>
+  Paroquet........................  <a href="#Page_26">26</a>
+  Rhinoceros......................  <a href="#Page_23">23</a>
+  Whiskered.......................  <a href="#Page_26">26</a>
+Auriparus flaviceps flaviceps..... <a href="#Page_439">439</a>
+             "    lamprocephalus.. <a href="#Page_439">439</a>
+Avocet............................ <a href="#Page_139">139</a>
+B&aelig;olophus atricristatus atricrista-
+     tus.......................... <a href="#Page_433">433</a>
+  bicolor......................... <a href="#Page_433">433</a>
+  inornatus inornatus............. <a href="#Page_434">434</a>
+      "     cineraceus............ <a href="#Page_434">434</a>
+      "     griseus............... <a href="#Page_434">434</a>
+  wollweberi...................... <a href="#Page_434">434</a>
+Baldpate..........................  <a href="#Page_92">92</a>
+Bartramia longicauda.............. <a href="#Page_156">156</a>
+Basilinna leucotis................ <a href="#Page_279">279</a>
+  xantusi......................... <a href="#Page_279">279</a>
+Becard, Xantus's.................. <a href="#Page_280">280</a>
+Bittern........................... <a href="#Page_119">119</a>
+  Cory's Least.................... <a href="#Page_120">120</a>
+  Least........................... <a href="#Page_120">120</a>
+Blackbird, Bicolored.............. <a href="#Page_317">317</a>
+  Brewer's........................ <a href="#Page_322">322</a>
+  Red-winged...................... <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+  Rusty........................... <a href="#Page_322">322</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Tricolored...................... <a href="#Page_317">317</a>
+  Yellow-headed................... <a href="#Page_315">315</a>
+Bluebird.......................... <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+  Azure........................... <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+  Chestnut-backed................. <a href="#Page_450">450</a>
+  Mountain........................ <a href="#Page_450">450</a>
+  San Pedro....................... <a href="#Page_450">450</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_450">450</a>
+Bluethroat Siberian Red-spotted... <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+Bobolink.......................... <a href="#Page_314">314</a>
+Bob-white......................... <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+  Florida......................... <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+  Masked.......................... <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+  Texan........................... <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+Bombycilla cedrorum............... <a href="#Page_375">375</a>
+  garrula......................... <a href="#Page_375">375</a>
+Bombycillid&aelig;...................... <a href="#Page_375">375</a>
+Bonasa umbellus umbellus.......... <a href="#Page_180">180</a>
+          "     sabini............ <a href="#Page_182">182</a>
+          "     togata............ <a href="#Page_182">182</a>
+          "     umbelloides....... <a href="#Page_182">182</a>
+Booby.............................  <a href="#Page_75">75</a>
+  Blue-faced......................  <a href="#Page_74">74</a>
+  Blue-footed.....................  <a href="#Page_74">74</a>
+  Brewster's......................  <a href="#Page_75">75</a>
+  Red-footed......................  <a href="#Page_75">75</a>
+Botaurus lentiginosus............. <a href="#Page_119">119</a>
+Brachyramphus brevirostris........  <a href="#Page_27">27</a>
+  craveri's.......................  <a href="#Page_28">28</a>
+  hypoleucus......................  <a href="#Page_27">27</a>
+  marmoratus......................  <a href="#Page_27">27</a>
+Brant............................. <a href="#Page_111">111</a>
+  Black........................... <a href="#Page_111">111</a>
+Branta bernicla glaucogastra...... <a href="#Page_111">111</a>
+  canadensis canadensis........... <a href="#Page_109">109</a>
+      "      hutchinsi............ <a href="#Page_109">109</a>
+      "      minima............... <a href="#Page_109">109</a>
+      "      occidentalis......... <a href="#Page_109">109</a>
+  leucopsis....................... <a href="#Page_112">112</a>
+Branta nigricans.................. <a href="#Page_111">111</a>
+Bubo virginianus virginianus...... <a href="#Page_235">235</a>
+         "       elachistus....... <a href="#Page_237">237</a>
+         "       pacificus........ <a href="#Page_235">235</a>
+         "       pallescens....... <a href="#Page_235">235</a>
+         "       saturatus........ <a href="#Page_235">235</a>
+         "       subarticus....... <a href="#Page_235">235</a>
+Budytes flavus alascensis......... <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+Buffle-head....................... <a href="#Page_100">100</a>
+Bullfinch, Cassin's............... <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+Bulweria bulweri..................  <a href="#Page_67">67</a>
+Bunting, Beautiful................ <a href="#Page_367">367</a>
+  Indigo.......................... <a href="#Page_366">366</a>
+  Lark............................ <a href="#Page_369">369</a>
+  Lazuli.......................... <a href="#Page_366">366</a>
+  McKay's Snow.................... <a href="#Page_333">333</a>
+  Painted......................... <a href="#Page_367">367</a>
+  Pribilof Snow................... <a href="#Page_332">332</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_453" id="Page_453"></a> 453
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Snow............................ <a href="#Page_332">332</a>
+  Varied.......................... <a href="#Page_367">367</a>
+Bush-Tit.......................... <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+  California...................... <a href="#Page_438">438</a>
+  Grinda's........................ <a href="#Page_438">438</a>
+  Lead-colored.................... <a href="#Page_438">438</a>
+  Lloyd's......................... <a href="#Page_438">438</a>
+Buteo abbreviatus................. <a href="#Page_211">211</a>
+  albicaudatus sennetti........... <a href="#Page_212">212</a>
+  borealis borealis............... <a href="#Page_208">208</a>
+    " calurus..................... <a href="#Page_208">208</a>
+    " harlani..................... <a href="#Page_209">209</a>
+    " krideri..................... <a href="#Page_208">208</a>
+  brachyurus...................... <a href="#Page_213">213</a>
+  lineatus lineatus............... <a href="#Page_209">209</a>
+    " alleni...................... <a href="#Page_209">209</a>
+    " elegans..................... <a href="#Page_211">211</a>
+  platypterus..................... <a href="#Page_213">213</a>
+  swainsoni....................... <a href="#Page_212">212</a>
+Buteonid&aelig;......................... <a href="#Page_201">201</a>
+Butorides virescens virescens..... <a href="#Page_124">124</a>
+            " anthonyi............ <a href="#Page_125">125</a>
+            " frazari............. <a href="#Page_125">125</a>
+Buzzard, Turkey................... <a href="#Page_199">199</a>
+Calamospiza melanocorys........... <a href="#Page_369">369</a>
+Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus... <a href="#Page_333">333</a>
+            "  alascensis......... <a href="#Page_333">333</a>
+  ornatus......................... <a href="#Page_334">334</a>
+  pictus.......................... <a href="#Page_334">334</a>
+Calidris leucoph&aelig;a................ <a href="#Page_151">151</a>
+Callichelidon cyaneoviridis....... <a href="#Page_374">374</a>
+Callothrus robustus...............
+Callipepla squamata squamata...... <a href="#Page_176">176</a>
+            " castanogastris...... <a href="#Page_177">177</a>
+Calothorax lucifer................ <a href="#Page_278">278</a>
+Calypte anna...................... <a href="#Page_275">275</a>
+  cost&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_275">275</a>
+Campephilus principalis........... <a href="#Page_249">249</a>
+  labradorius..................... <a href="#Page_101">101</a>
+Camptostoma imberbe............... <a href="#Page_296">296</a>
+Canachites canadensis canadensis.. <a href="#Page_179">179</a>
+            "  canace............. <a href="#Page_179">179</a>
+            "  osgoodi............ <a href="#Page_179">179</a>
+  franklini....................... <a href="#Page_180">180</a>
+Canvas-back.......................  <a href="#Page_97">97</a>
+Caprimulgid&aelig;...................... <a href="#Page_263">263</a>
+Caracara, Audubon................. <a href="#Page_224">224</a>
+  Guadalupe....................... <a href="#Page_224">224</a>
+Cardellina rubrifrons............. <a href="#Page_417">417</a>
+Cardinal.......................... <a href="#Page_363">363</a>
+  Arizona......................... <a href="#Page_363">363</a>
+  Florida......................... <a href="#Page_364">364</a>
+  Gray-tailed..................... <a href="#Page_364">364</a>
+  San Lucas....................... <a href="#Page_363">363</a>
+Cardinalis cardinalis cardinalis.. <a href="#Page_363">363</a>
+            "  canicaudus......... <a href="#Page_364">364</a>
+            " floridanus.......... <a href="#Page_364">364</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Cardinalis igneus................. <a href="#Page_363">363</a>
+            "  superbus........... <a href="#Page_363">363</a>
+Carpodacus amplus................. <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+  cassini......................... <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+  mcgregori....................... <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+  mexicanus clementis............. <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+             " frontalis.......... <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+             "  ruberrimus........ <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+purpureus purpureus............... <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+           "  californicus........ <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+Casarca ferruginea................  <a href="#Page_93">93</a>
+Catbird........................... <a href="#Page_420">420</a>
+Catharista urubu.................. <a href="#Page_199">199</a>
+Cathartes aura septentrionalis.... <a href="#Page_199">199</a>
+Cathartid&aelig;........................ <a href="#Page_198">198</a>
+Catherpes mexicanus albifrons..... <a href="#Page_424">424</a>
+           "  conspersus.......... <a href="#Page_425">425</a>
+           "  punctulatus......... <a href="#Page_425">425</a>
+Catoptrophorus semipalmatus semi-
+     palmatus..................... <a href="#Page_155">155</a>
+  semipalmatus inornatus.......... <a href="#Page_156">156</a>
+Centrocercus urophasianus......... <a href="#Page_188">188</a>
+Centurus aurifrons................ <a href="#Page_258">258</a>
+  carolinus....................... <a href="#Page_257">257</a>
+  uropygialis..................... <a href="#Page_258">258</a>
+Cepphus columba...................  <a href="#Page_29">29</a>
+  grylle..........................  <a href="#Page_28">28</a>
+  mandti..........................  <a href="#Page_29">29</a>
+Cerorhinca monocerata.............  <a href="#Page_23">23</a>
+Certhia familiaris albescens...... <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+         "  americana............. <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+         "  montana............... <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+Certhia familiaris occidentalis... <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+         " zelotes................ <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+Certhiid&aelig;......................... <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+Ceryle alcyon..................... <a href="#Page_247">247</a>
+  americana septentrionalis....... <a href="#Page_249">249</a>
+  torquata........................ <a href="#Page_247">247</a>
+Chachalaca........................ <a href="#Page_191">191</a>
+Ch&aelig;mepelia passerina terrestris... <a href="#Page_195">195</a>
+            "  pallescens......... <a href="#Page_195">195</a>
+            "  bermudiana......... <a href="#Page_195">195</a>
+Ch&aelig;tura pelagica.................. <a href="#Page_269">269</a>
+  vauxi........................... <a href="#Page_270">270</a>
+Cham&aelig;a fasciata fasciata.......... <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+        " henshawi................ <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+Cham&aelig;thlypis poliocephala......... <a href="#Page_413">413</a>
+Charadriid&aelig;....................... <a href="#Page_161">161</a>
+Charadrius apricarius............. <a href="#Page_163">163</a>
+  dominicus dominicus............. <a href="#Page_163">163</a>
+    " fulvus...................... <a href="#Page_163">163</a>
+Charitonetta albeola.............. <a href="#Page_100">100</a>
+Chat, Long-tailed................. <a href="#Page_413">413</a>
+  Yellow-breasted................. <a href="#Page_413">413</a>
+Chaulelasmus streperus............  <a href="#Page_91">91</a>
+Chen c&aelig;rulescens.................. <a href="#Page_107">107</a>
+  hyperboreus hyperboreus......... <a href="#Page_107">107</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_454" id="Page_454"></a> 454
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Chen hyperboreus Nivalis.......... <a href="#Page_107">107</a>
+  rossi........................... <a href="#Page_108">108</a>
+Chewink........................... <a href="#Page_358">358</a>
+Chickadee......................... <a href="#Page_434">434</a>
+  Acadian......................... <a href="#Page_436">436</a>
+  Alaska.......................... <a href="#Page_436">436</a>
+  Barlow's........................ <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+  California...................... <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+  Carolina........................ <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+  Chestnut-backed................. <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+  Hudsonian....................... <a href="#Page_436">436</a>
+  Long-tailed..................... <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+  Mexican......................... <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+  Mountain........................ <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+  Oregon.......................... <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+  Plumbeous....................... <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+Chondestes grammacus grammacus.... <a href="#Page_342">342</a>
+  strigatus....................... <a href="#Page_342">342</a>
+Chordeiles acutipennis texensis... <a href="#Page_268">268</a>
+  virginianus virginianus......... <a href="#Page_266">266</a>
+    "  chapmani................... <a href="#Page_266">266</a>
+    " henryi...................... <a href="#Page_266">266</a>
+    " sennetti.................... <a href="#Page_268">268</a>
+Chuck-will's widow................ <a href="#Page_263">263</a>
+Ciconiid&aelig;......................... <a href="#Page_118">118</a>
+Cinclid&aelig;.......................... <a href="#Page_419">419</a>
+Cinclus mexicanus unicolor........ <a href="#Page_419">419</a>
+Circus hudsonius.................. <a href="#Page_204">204</a>
+Cistothorus stellaris............. <a href="#Page_428">428</a>
+Clangula clangula americana.......  <a href="#Page_99">99</a>
+  islandica.......................  <a href="#Page_99">99</a>
+Coccyges.......................... <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+Coccyzus americanus americanus.... <a href="#Page_244">244</a>
+          " occidentalis.......... <a href="#Page_246">246</a>
+  erythrophthalmus................ <a href="#Page_246">246</a>
+C&oelig;reba bahamensis................. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+C&oelig;rebid&aelig;.......................... <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+  minor minor..................... <a href="#Page_244">244</a>
+    " maynardi.................... <a href="#Page_244">244</a>
+Colaptes auratus auratus.......... <a href="#Page_258">258</a>
+          " luteus................ <a href="#Page_259">259</a>
+  cafer collaris.................. <a href="#Page_259">259</a>
+Colaptes cafer saturatior......... <a href="#Page_259">259</a>
+  chrysoides...................... <a href="#Page_262">262</a>
+  rufipileus...................... <a href="#Page_262">262</a>
+Colinus ridgwayi.................. <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+  virginianus..................... <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+    " floridanus.................. <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+    "  texanus.................... <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+Columba fasciata fasciata......... <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+         " viosc&aelig;................. <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+  flavirostris.................... <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+  leucocephala.................... <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+  squamosa........................ <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+Columba........................... <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+Columb&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+Columbid&aelig;......................... <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Colymbid&aelig;.........................  <a href="#Page_11">11</a>
+Colymbus auritus..................  <a href="#Page_13">13</a>
+  dominicus brachypterus..........  <a href="#Page_15">15</a>
+  holb&oelig;lli........................  <a href="#Page_11">11</a>
+  nigricollis californicus........  <a href="#Page_13">13</a>
+Compsothlypis americana ameri
+     cana......................... <a href="#Page_390">390</a>
+  americana usne&aelig;................. <a href="#Page_390">390</a>
+  nigrilora....................... <a href="#Page_391">391</a>
+Conuropsis carolinensis........... <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+Coot.............................. <a href="#Page_136">136</a>
+  European........................ <a href="#Page_136">136</a>
+Cormorant.........................  <a href="#Page_79">79</a>
+  Baird's.........................  <a href="#Page_82">82</a>
+  Brandt's........................  <a href="#Page_82">82</a>
+  Double-crested..................  <a href="#Page_79">79</a>
+  Farallon........................  <a href="#Page_81">81</a>
+  Florida.........................  <a href="#Page_81">81</a>
+  Mexican.........................  <a href="#Page_81">81</a>
+  Pelagic.........................  <a href="#Page_82">82</a>
+  Red-faced.......................  <a href="#Page_82">82</a>
+  Violet-green....................  <a href="#Page_82">82</a>
+  White-crested...................  <a href="#Page_81">81</a>
+Corvid&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_300">300</a>
+Corvus brachyrhynchos brachy-
+        rhynchos.................. <a href="#Page_312">312</a>
+  brachyrhynchos pascuus.......... <a href="#Page_312">312</a>
+  corax principalis............... <a href="#Page_311">311</a>
+         " sinuatus............... <a href="#Page_311">311</a>
+  cryptoleucus.................... <a href="#Page_311">311</a>
+  ossifragus...................... <a href="#Page_312">312</a>
+Cotingid&aelig;......................... <a href="#Page_280">280</a>
+Cowbird........................... <a href="#Page_314">314</a>
+  Dwarf........................... <a href="#Page_315">315</a>
+  Red-eyed........................ <a href="#Page_315">315</a>
+Cracid&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_191">191</a>
+Crake, Corn....................... <a href="#Page_135">135</a>
+  Spotted......................... <a href="#Page_133">133</a>
+Crane, Little Brown............... <a href="#Page_127">127</a>
+  Sandhill........................ <a href="#Page_129">129</a>
+  Whooping........................ <a href="#Page_127">127</a>
+Creciscus jamaicensis............. <a href="#Page_134">134</a>
+  coturniculus.................... <a href="#Page_134">134</a>
+Creeper, Brown.................... <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+  California...................... <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+  Mexican......................... <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+  Rocky Mountain.................. <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+  Sierra.......................... <a href="#Page_430">430</a>
+Crex Crex......................... <a href="#Page_135">135</a>
+Crossbill......................... <a href="#Page_327">327</a>
+  Mexican......................... <a href="#Page_327">327</a>
+  White-winged.................... <a href="#Page_327">327</a>
+Crotophaga ani.................... <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+  sulcirostris.................... <a href="#Page_243">243</a>
+Crow.............................. <a href="#Page_312">312</a>
+  Carrion......................... <a href="#Page_199">199</a>
+  Fish............................ <a href="#Page_312">312</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_455" id="Page_455"></a> 455
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Florida......................... <a href="#Page_312">312</a>
+Cryptoglaux funerea richardsoni... <a href="#Page_232">232</a>
+  acadica acadica................. <a href="#Page_232">232</a>
+    " scot&aelig;a...................... <a href="#Page_232">232</a>
+Cuckoo, Black-billed.............. <a href="#Page_246">246</a>
+  California...................... <a href="#Page_246">246</a>
+ Kamchatka........................ <a href="#Page_246">246</a>
+  Mangrove........................ <a href="#Page_244">244</a>
+  Maynard's....................... <a href="#Page_244">244</a>
+  Yellow-billed................... <a href="#Page_244">244</a>
+Cuculid&aelig;.......................... <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+Cuculus canorus telephonus........ <a href="#Page_246">246</a>
+Curlew, Bristle-thighed........... <a href="#Page_160">160</a>
+  Eskimo.......................... <a href="#Page_160">160</a>
+  Hudsonian....................... <a href="#Page_159">159</a>
+  Long-billed..................... <a href="#Page_159">159</a>
+Cyanocephalus cyanocephalus....... <a href="#Page_313">313</a>
+Cyanol&aelig;mus clemenci&aelig;.............. <a href="#Page_271">271</a>
+Cyanocitta cristata cristata...... <a href="#Page_303">303</a>
+            " florincola.......... <a href="#Page_303">303</a>
+  stelleri stelleri............... <a href="#Page_303">303</a>
+    " annectens................... <a href="#Page_306">306</a>
+    " carlott&aelig;.................... <a href="#Page_306">306</a>
+    " diademata................... <a href="#Page_303">303</a>
+    " frontalis................... <a href="#Page_303">303</a>
+Cyanosylvia suecica robusta....... <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+Cyanthus latirostris.............. <a href="#Page_279">279</a>
+Cypseloides niger borealis........ <a href="#Page_268">268</a>
+Cyrtonyx montezum&aelig; mearnsi........ <a href="#Page_178">178</a>
+Dafila acuta......................  <a href="#Page_94">94</a>
+Daption capense...................  <a href="#Page_67">67</a>
+Darters...........................  <a href="#Page_77">77</a>
+Dendragapus obscurus obscurus..... <a href="#Page_178">178</a>
+             " fuliginosus........ <a href="#Page_178">178</a>
+             "  richardsoni....... <a href="#Page_179">179</a>
+Dendrocygna autumnalis............ <a href="#Page_113">113</a>
+  bicolor......................... <a href="#Page_113">113</a>
+Dendroica &aelig;stiva &aelig;stiva........... <a href="#Page_392">392</a>
+           " rubiginosa........... <a href="#Page_392">392</a>
+           "  sonorana............ <a href="#Page_292">292</a>
+  auduboni auduboni............... <a href="#Page_395">395</a>
+    " nigrifrons.................. <a href="#Page_395">395</a>
+  bryanti castaneiceps............ <a href="#Page_394">394</a>
+  castanea........................ <a href="#Page_398">398</a>
+  c&aelig;rulea......................... <a href="#Page_396">396</a>
+  c&aelig;rulescens c&aelig;rulescens........, <a href="#Page_394">394</a>
+    " cairnsi..................... <a href="#Page_394">394</a>
+  chrysoparia..................... <a href="#Page_402">402</a>
+  coronata........................ <a href="#Page_395">395</a>
+  discolor........................ <a href="#Page_407">407</a>
+  dominica albilora............... <a href="#Page_401">401</a>
+  dominica dominica............... <a href="#Page_401">401</a>
+  fusca........................... <a href="#Page_399">399</a>
+  graci&aelig;.......................... <a href="#Page_401">401</a>
+  kirtlandi....................... <a href="#Page_404">404</a>
+  magnolia........................ <a href="#Page_396">396</a>
+  nigrescens...................... <a href="#Page_402">402</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  occidentalis.................... <a href="#Page_404">404</a>
+  palmarum palmarum............... <a href="#Page_405">405</a>
+    " hypochrysea................. <a href="#Page_405">405</a>
+  pensylvanica.................... <a href="#Page_398">398</a>
+  striata......................... <a href="#Page_399">399</a>
+  tigrina......................... <a href="#Page_391">391</a>
+  townsendi....................... <a href="#Page_403">403</a>
+  vigorsi......................... <a href="#Page_405">405</a>
+  virens.......................... <a href="#Page_403">403</a>
+Dichromanassa rufescens........... <a href="#Page_123">123</a>
+Dickcissel........................ <a href="#Page_368">368</a>
+Diomedea albatrus.................  <a href="#Page_59">59</a>
+  immutabilis.....................  <a href="#Page_60">60</a>
+  nigripes........................  <a href="#Page_59">59</a>
+Diomedeid&aelig;........................  <a href="#Page_59">59</a>
+Dipper............................ <a href="#Page_419">419</a>
+Dolichonyx oryzivorus............. <a href="#Page_314">314</a>
+Dotterel.......................... <a href="#Page_161">161</a>
+Dove, Bermuda Ground.............. <a href="#Page_195">195</a>
+  Blue-headed Quail............... <a href="#Page_196">196</a>
+  Ground.......................... <a href="#Page_195">195</a>
+  Inca............................ <a href="#Page_196">196</a>
+  Key West Quail.................. <a href="#Page_196">196</a>
+  Mexican Ground.................. <a href="#Page_195">195</a>
+  Mourning........................ <a href="#Page_193">193</a>
+  Ruddy Quail..................... <a href="#Page_196">196</a>
+  White-fronted................... <a href="#Page_195">195</a>
+  White-winged.................... <a href="#Page_195">195</a>
+  Zenaida......................... <a href="#Page_194">194</a>
+Dovekie...........................  <a href="#Page_34">34</a>
+Dowitcher......................... <a href="#Page_144">144</a>
+  Long-billed..................... <a href="#Page_145">145</a>
+Dryobates arizon&aelig;................. <a href="#Page_252">252</a>
+  borealis........................ <a href="#Page_252">252</a>
+  nuttalli........................ <a href="#Page_252">252</a>
+  pubescens pubescens............. <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+    "  gairdneri.................. <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+    "  homorus.................... <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+    "  medianus................... <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+    "  nelsoni.................... <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+    " turati...................... <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+  scalaris bairdi................. <a href="#Page_252">252</a>
+    "  lucasanus.................. <a href="#Page_252">252</a>
+  villosus villosus............... <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+    " auduboni.................... <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+    " harrisi..................... <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+    "  hyloscopus................. <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+    "  leucomelas................. <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+    "  monticola.................. <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+    "  picoideus.................. <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+Duck, Black.......................  <a href="#Page_90">90</a>
+  Florida.........................  <a href="#Page_90">90</a>
+  Harlequin....................... <a href="#Page_101">101</a>
+  Labrador........................ <a href="#Page_101">101</a>
+  Lesser Scaup....................  <a href="#Page_98">98</a>
+  Masked.......................... <a href="#Page_106">106</a>
+  Mottled.........................  <a href="#Page_91">91</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_456" id="Page_456"></a> 456
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Ring-necked.....................  <a href="#Page_98">98</a>
+  Ruddy........................... <a href="#Page_106">106</a>
+  Rufous-crested..................  <a href="#Page_95">95</a>
+  Scaup...........................  <a href="#Page_97">97</a>
+  Wood............................  <a href="#Page_95">95</a>
+Dumetella carolinensis............ <a href="#Page_420">420</a>
+Dunlin............................ <a href="#Page_149">149</a>
+Eagle, Bald....................... <a href="#Page_217">217</a>
+  Golden.......................... <a href="#Page_215">215</a>
+  Gray Sea........................ <a href="#Page_217">217</a>
+  Northern Bald................... <a href="#Page_217">217</a>
+Ectopistes migratorius............ <a href="#Page_193">193</a>
+Egret............................. <a href="#Page_122">122</a>
+  Reddish......................... <a href="#Page_123">123</a>
+  Snowy........................... <a href="#Page_122">122</a>
+Egretta candidissima candidissima. <a href="#Page_122">122</a>
+Eider............................. <a href="#Page_103">103</a>
+  King............................ <a href="#Page_104">104</a>
+  Northern........................ <a href="#Page_102">102</a>
+  Pacific......................... <a href="#Page_103">103</a>
+  Spectacled...................... <a href="#Page_102">102</a>
+  Steller's....................... <a href="#Page_102">102</a>
+Elanoides forficatus.............. <a href="#Page_201">201</a>
+Elanus leucurus................... <a href="#Page_201">201</a>
+Empidonax difficilis cineritius... <a href="#Page_294">294</a>
+  difficilis difficilis........... <a href="#Page_293">293</a>
+  flaviventris.................... <a href="#Page_293">293</a>
+  fulvifrons pygm&aelig;us.............. <a href="#Page_296">296</a>
+  griseus......................... <a href="#Page_296">296</a>
+  hammondi........................ <a href="#Page_295">295</a>
+  minimus......................... <a href="#Page_295">295</a>
+  trailli trailli................. <a href="#Page_294">294</a>
+    " alnorum..................... <a href="#Page_295">295</a>
+  virescens....................... <a href="#Page_294">294</a>
+  wrighti......................... <a href="#Page_295">295</a>
+Ereunetes mauri................... <a href="#Page_151">151</a>
+  pusillus........................ <a href="#Page_150">150</a>
+Erismatura jamaicensis............ <a href="#Page_106">106</a>
+Erolia ferruginea................. <a href="#Page_149">149</a>
+Eudromias morinellus.............. <a href="#Page_161">161</a>
+Eugenes fulgens................... <a href="#Page_271">271</a>
+Euphagus carolinus................ <a href="#Page_322">322</a>
+  cyanocephalus................... <a href="#Page_322">322</a>
+Eurynorhynchus pygmeus............ <a href="#Page_150">150</a>
+Falco &aelig;salon...................... <a href="#Page_221">221</a>
+  columbarius columbarius......... <a href="#Page_220">220</a>
+    " suckleyi.................... <a href="#Page_220">220</a>
+  fusco-c&aelig;rulescens............... <a href="#Page_221">221</a>
+  islandus........................ <a href="#Page_218">218</a>
+  mexicanus....................... <a href="#Page_219">219</a>
+  peregrinus anatum............... <a href="#Page_220">220</a>
+    " pealei...................... <a href="#Page_220">220</a>
+    "  peregrinus................. <a href="#Page_219">219</a>
+  richardsoni..................... <a href="#Page_220">220</a>
+  rusticolus rusticolus........... <a href="#Page_218">218</a>
+    " gyrfalco.................... <a href="#Page_218">218</a>
+    " obsoletus................... <a href="#Page_219">219</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  sparverius sparverius........... <a href="#Page_222">222</a>
+    " peninsularis................ <a href="#Page_222">222</a>
+    " phal&oelig;na..................... <a href="#Page_221">221</a>
+  sparveroides.................... <a href="#Page_222">222</a>
+    " tinnunculus................. <a href="#Page_221">221</a>
+Falcon Aplomado................... <a href="#Page_221">221</a>
+  Peale's......................... <a href="#Page_220">220</a>
+  Peregrine....................... <a href="#Page_219">219</a>
+  Prairie......................... <a href="#Page_219">219</a>
+Finch, Aleutian Rosy.............. <a href="#Page_327">327</a>
+  Black Rosy...................... <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+  Brown-capped Rosy............... <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+  California Purple............... <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+  Cassin's Purple................. <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+  Gray-crowned Rosy............... <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+  Guadalupe House................. <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+  Hepburn's Rosy.................. <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+  House........................... <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+  McGregor's House................ <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+  Purple.......................... <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+  San Clemente House.............. <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+  San Lucas House................. <a href="#Page_326">326</a>
+Flamingo.......................... <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+Flicker........................... <a href="#Page_258">258</a>
+  Gilded.......................... <a href="#Page_262">262</a>
+  Guadalupe....................... <a href="#Page_262">262</a>
+  Northern........................ <a href="#Page_259">259</a>
+  Northwestern.................... <a href="#Page_259">259</a>
+  Red-shafted..................... <a href="#Page_259">259</a>
+Florida C&oelig;rulea................... <a href="#Page_124">124</a>
+Flycatcher, Acadian............... <a href="#Page_294">294</a>
+  Alder........................... <a href="#Page_295">295</a>
+  Arizona Crested................. <a href="#Page_286">286</a>
+  Ash-throated.................... <a href="#Page_286">286</a>
+  Beardless....................... <a href="#Page_296">296</a>
+  Buff-breasted................... <a href="#Page_296">296</a>
+  Coues's......................... <a href="#Page_291">291</a>
+  Crested......................... <a href="#Page_285">285</a>
+  Derby........................... <a href="#Page_284">284</a>
+  Fork-tailed..................... <a href="#Page_280">280</a>
+  Gray............................ <a href="#Page_296">296</a>
+  Hammond's....................... <a href="#Page_295">295</a>
+  Least........................... <a href="#Page_295">295</a>
+  Lower California................ <a href="#Page_287">287</a>
+  Flycatcher, Mexican Crested..... <a href="#Page_286">286</a>
+  Olivaceous...................... <a href="#Page_287">287</a>
+  Olive-sided..................... <a href="#Page_290">290</a>
+  San Lucas....................... <a href="#Page_294">294</a>
+  Scissor-tailed.................. <a href="#Page_281">281</a>
+  Sulphur-bellied................. <a href="#Page_285">285</a>
+  Traill's........................ <a href="#Page_294">294</a>
+  Vermilion....................... <a href="#Page_296">296</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_293">293</a>
+  Wright's........................ <a href="#Page_295">295</a>
+  Yellow-bellied.................. <a href="#Page_293">293</a>
+Fratercula arctica arctica........  <a href="#Page_22">22</a>
+            " naumanni............  <a href="#Page_23">23</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_457" id="Page_457"></a> 457
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  corniculata.....................  <a href="#Page_23">23</a>
+Fregata aquila....................  <a href="#Page_86">86</a>
+Fregatid&aelig;.........................  <a href="#Page_86">86</a>
+Fregetta grallaria................  <a href="#Page_71">71</a>
+Frigate Bird......................  <a href="#Page_86">86</a>
+Fringillid&aelig;....................... <a href="#Page_324">324</a>
+Fulica americana.................. <a href="#Page_136">136</a>
+  atra............................ <a href="#Page_136">136</a>
+Fulmar............................  <a href="#Page_62">62</a>
+  Giant...........................  <a href="#Page_62">62</a>
+  Pacific.........................  <a href="#Page_63">63</a>
+  Rodgers's.......................  <a href="#Page_63">63</a>
+  Slender-billed..................  <a href="#Page_63">63</a>
+Fulmarus glacialis glacialis......  <a href="#Page_62">62</a>
+          " glupischa.............  <a href="#Page_63">63</a>
+  rodgersi........................  <a href="#Page_63">63</a>
+Gadwall...........................  <a href="#Page_91">91</a>
+Gallin&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+Gallinago delicata................ <a href="#Page_143">143</a>
+  gallinago....................... <a href="#Page_140">140</a>
+  meda............................ <a href="#Page_143">143</a>
+Gallinula galeata................. <a href="#Page_136">136</a>
+Gallinule, Florida................ <a href="#Page_136">136</a>
+  Purple.......................... <a href="#Page_135">135</a>
+Gannet............................  <a href="#Page_76">76</a>
+Gavia adamsi......................  <a href="#Page_18">18</a>
+  arctica.........................  <a href="#Page_18">18</a>
+  immer...........................  <a href="#Page_18">18</a>
+  stellata........................  <a href="#Page_19">19</a>
+  pacifica........................  <a href="#Page_19">19</a>
+Gaviid&aelig;...........................  <a href="#Page_17">17</a>
+Gelochelidon nilotica.............  <a href="#Page_50">50</a>
+Geococcyx californianus........... <a href="#Page_243">243</a>
+  beldingi........................ <a href="#Page_413">413</a>
+  trichas arizela................. <a href="#Page_412">412</a>
+    " trichas..................... <a href="#Page_412">412</a>
+   " arizela...................... <a href="#Page_412">412</a>
+    " ignota...................... <a href="#Page_412">412</a>
+    " occidentalis................ <a href="#Page_412">412</a>
+    " sinousa..................... <a href="#Page_412">412</a>
+Geotrygon chrysia................. <a href="#Page_196">196</a>
+  montana......................... <a href="#Page_196">196</a>
+Glaucidium gnoma californicum..... <a href="#Page_239">239</a>
+            " gnoma............... <a href="#Page_239">239</a>
+  hoskinsi........................ <a href="#Page_239">239</a>
+  phal&aelig;noides..................... <a href="#Page_240">240</a>
+Glottis nebularia................. <a href="#Page_152">152</a>
+Gnatcatcher, Black-tailed......... <a href="#Page_442">442</a>
+  Blue-gray....................... <a href="#Page_441">441</a>
+  Plumbeous....................... <a href="#Page_441">441</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_441">441</a>
+Godwit, Black-tailed.............. <a href="#Page_152">152</a>
+  Hudsonian....................... <a href="#Page_152">152</a>
+  Marbled......................... <a href="#Page_151">151</a>
+  Pacific......................... <a href="#Page_152">152</a>
+Golden-eye........................  <a href="#Page_99">99</a>
+  Barrow's........................  <a href="#Page_99">99</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Goldfinch......................... <a href="#Page_329">329</a>
+  Arkansas........................ <a href="#Page_331">331</a>
+  Black-headed.................... <a href="#Page_331">331</a>
+  Lawrence's...................... <a href="#Page_331">331</a>
+  Pale............................ <a href="#Page_331">331</a>
+  Willow.......................... <a href="#Page_331">331</a>
+Goose, American White-fronted..... <a href="#Page_108">108</a>
+  Barnacle........................ <a href="#Page_112">112</a>
+  Bean............................ <a href="#Page_108">108</a>
+  Blue............................ <a href="#Page_107">107</a>
+  Canada.......................... <a href="#Page_109">109</a>
+  Cackling........................ <a href="#Page_109">109</a>
+  Emperor......................... <a href="#Page_112">112</a>
+  Greater Snow.................... <a href="#Page_107">107</a>
+  Hutchins's...................... <a href="#Page_109">109</a>
+  Ross's.......................... <a href="#Page_108">108</a>
+  Snow............................ <a href="#Page_107">107</a>
+  White-cheeked................... <a href="#Page_109">109</a>
+  White-fronted................... <a href="#Page_108">108</a>
+Goshawk........................... <a href="#Page_205">205</a>
+  Mexican......................... <a href="#Page_214">214</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_207">207</a>
+Grackle, Boat-tailed.............. <a href="#Page_323">323</a>
+  Bronzed......................... <a href="#Page_323">323</a>
+  Florida......................... <a href="#Page_323">323</a>
+  Great-tailed.................... <a href="#Page_324">324</a>
+  Purple.......................... <a href="#Page_323">323</a>
+Grassquit......................... <a href="#Page_368">368</a>
+  Melodious....................... <a href="#Page_368">368</a>
+Grebe, Eared......................  <a href="#Page_13">13</a>
+  Holb&oelig;ll's...... .............. <a href="#Page_11">11</a>-<a href="#Page_12">12</a>
+  Horned........................ <a href="#Page_12">12</a>-<a href="#Page_13">13</a>
+  Least...........................  <a href="#Page_15">15</a>
+  Pied-billed................... <a href="#Page_15">15</a>-<a href="#Page_16">16</a>
+  Mexican.........................  <a href="#Page_15">15</a>
+  Western.........................  <a href="#Page_11">11</a>
+Greenshank........................ <a href="#Page_152">152</a>
+Grosbeak, Alaska Pine............. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+  Black-headed.................... <a href="#Page_365">365</a>
+  Blue............................ <a href="#Page_366">366</a>
+  California Pine................. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+  Evening......................... <a href="#Page_324">324</a>
+  Kadiak Pine..................... <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+  Pine............................ <a href="#Page_324">324</a>
+  Rocky Mountain Pine............. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+  Rose-breasted................... <a href="#Page_365">365</a>
+  Western Blue.................... <a href="#Page_366">366</a>
+  Western Evening................. <a href="#Page_324">324</a>
+Grouse............................
+  Canada Ruffed................... <a href="#Page_182">182</a>
+  Columbian Sharp-tailed.......... <a href="#Page_187">187</a>
+  Dusky........................... <a href="#Page_178">178</a>
+  Franklin's...................... <a href="#Page_180">180</a>
+  Gray Ruffed..................... <a href="#Page_182">182</a>
+  Oregon Ruffed................... <a href="#Page_182">182</a>
+  Prairie Sharp-tailed............ <a href="#Page_187">187</a>
+  Richardson's.................... <a href="#Page_179">179</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_458" id="Page_458"></a> 458
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Ruffed.......................... <a href="#Page_180">180</a>
+  Sharp-tailed.................... <a href="#Page_187">187</a>
+  Sooty........................... <a href="#Page_178">178</a>
+Gruid&aelig;............................ <a href="#Page_127">127</a>
+Grus americana.................... <a href="#Page_127">127</a>
+  canadensis...................... <a href="#Page_127">127</a>
+  mexicana........................ <a href="#Page_129">129</a>
+Guara alba........................ <a href="#Page_117">117</a>
+  rubra........................... <a href="#Page_117">117</a>
+Guillemot, Black..................  <a href="#Page_28">28</a>
+  Mandt...........................  <a href="#Page_29">29</a>
+  Pigeon..........................  <a href="#Page_29">29</a>
+Guiraca c&aelig;rulea................... <a href="#Page_366">366</a>
+         " lazula................. <a href="#Page_366">366</a>
+Gull, Bonaparte's.................  <a href="#Page_48">48</a>
+  California......................  <a href="#Page_45">45</a>
+  Franklin's......................  <a href="#Page_48">48</a>
+  Glaucous........................  <a href="#Page_40">40</a>
+  Glaucous-winged.................  <a href="#Page_42">42</a>
+  Great Black-backed..............  <a href="#Page_43">43</a>
+  Heerman's.......................  <a href="#Page_46">46</a>
+  Herring.........................  <a href="#Page_44">44</a>
+  Iceland.........................  <a href="#Page_41">41</a>
+  Ivory...........................  <a href="#Page_39">39</a>
+  Kittiwake.......................  <a href="#Page_39">39</a>
+  Kumlien.........................  <a href="#Page_42">42</a>
+  Laughing........................  <a href="#Page_47">47</a>
+  Little..........................  <a href="#Page_49">49</a>
+  Mew.............................  <a href="#Page_46">46</a>
+  Nelson..........................  <a href="#Page_42">42</a>
+  Pacific Kittiwake...............  <a href="#Page_40">40</a>
+  Point Barrow....................  <a href="#Page_41">41</a>
+  Red-legged Kittiwake............  <a href="#Page_40">40</a>
+  Ring-billed.....................  <a href="#Page_45">45</a>
+  Ross's..........................  <a href="#Page_49">49</a>
+  Sabine's........................  <a href="#Page_49">49</a>
+  Short-billed....................  <a href="#Page_46">46</a>
+  Siberian........................  <a href="#Page_44">44</a>
+  Slaty-backed....................  <a href="#Page_43">43</a>
+  Vega............................  <a href="#Page_45">45</a>
+  Western.........................  <a href="#Page_44">44</a>
+Gymnogyps californianus........... <a href="#Page_198">198</a>
+Gyrfalcon......................... <a href="#Page_218">218</a>
+  Black........................... <a href="#Page_219">219</a>
+  Gray............................ <a href="#Page_218">218</a>
+  White........................... <a href="#Page_218">218</a>
+H&aelig;matopodid&aelig;...................... <a href="#Page_170">170</a>
+H&aelig;matopus bachmani................ <a href="#Page_171">171</a>
+  frazari......................... <a href="#Page_171">171</a>
+  ostralegus...................... <a href="#Page_170">170</a>
+  palliatus....................... <a href="#Page_170">170</a>
+Hali&aelig;etus albicilla............... <a href="#Page_217">217</a>
+  leucocephalus leucocephalus..... <a href="#Page_217">217</a>
+   "  alascanus................... <a href="#Page_217">217</a>
+Halocyptena microsoma.............  <a href="#Page_68">68</a>
+Harelda hyemalis.................. <a href="#Page_100">100</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Hawk, Black Pigeon................ <a href="#Page_220">220</a>
+  Broad-winged.................... <a href="#Page_213">213</a>
+  Cooper's........................ <a href="#Page_205">205</a>
+  Cuban Sparrow................... <a href="#Page_222">222</a>
+  Desert Sparrow.................. <a href="#Page_221">221</a>
+  Duck............................ <a href="#Page_220">220</a>
+  Florida Red-shouldered.......... <a href="#Page_209">209</a>
+  Harlan's........................ <a href="#Page_209">209</a>
+  Harris's........................ <a href="#Page_207">207</a>
+  Krider's........................ <a href="#Page_208">208</a>
+  Marsh........................... <a href="#Page_204">204</a>
+  Mexican Black................... <a href="#Page_213">213</a>
+  Pigeon.......................... <a href="#Page_220">220</a>
+  Red-bellied..................... <a href="#Page_211">211</a>
+  Red-shouldered.................. <a href="#Page_209">209</a>
+  Red-tailed...................... <a href="#Page_208">208</a>
+  Richardson's Pigeon............. <a href="#Page_220">220</a>
+  Rough-legged.................... <a href="#Page_214">214</a>
+  Sennett's White-tailed.......... <a href="#Page_212">212</a>
+  Sharp-shinned................... <a href="#Page_204">204</a>
+  Short-tailed.................... <a href="#Page_213">213</a>
+  Sparrow......................... <a href="#Page_222">222</a>
+  San Lucas Sparrow............... <a href="#Page_222">222</a>
+  Swainson's...................... <a href="#Page_212">212</a>
+  Western Red-tail................ <a href="#Page_208">208</a>
+  Zone-tailed..................... <a href="#Page_211">211</a>
+Heath Hen......................... <a href="#Page_186">186</a>
+Heleodytes brunneicapillus affinis <a href="#Page_424">424</a>
+            " couesi.............. <a href="#Page_423">423</a>
+            " bryanti............. <a href="#Page_424">424</a>
+Helinaia swainsoni................ <a href="#Page_386">386</a>
+Helmitheros vermivorus............ <a href="#Page_386">386</a>
+Helodromas ochropus............... <a href="#Page_155">155</a>
+  solitarius solitarius........... <a href="#Page_154">154</a>
+    "  cinnamomeus................ <a href="#Page_155">155</a>
+Herodias egretta.................. <a href="#Page_122">122</a>
+Herodiones........................ <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+Heron, Anthony's Green............ <a href="#Page_125">125</a>
+  Black-crowned Night............. <a href="#Page_126">126</a>
+  European........................ <a href="#Page_122">122</a>
+  Frazar's Green.................. <a href="#Page_125">125</a>
+  Great Blue...................... <a href="#Page_121">121</a>
+  Great White..................... <a href="#Page_121">121</a>
+  Green........................... <a href="#Page_124">124</a>
+  Little Blue..................... <a href="#Page_124">124</a>
+  Louisiana....................... <a href="#Page_123">123</a>
+  Northwestern Coast.............. <a href="#Page_121">121</a>
+  Snowy........................... <a href="#Page_122">122</a>
+  Ward's.......................... <a href="#Page_122">122</a>
+  Yellow-crowned Night............ <a href="#Page_126">126</a>
+Heteractitis incanus.............. <a href="#Page_156">156</a>
+Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina <a href="#Page_324">324</a>
+  vespertina montana.............. <a href="#Page_324">324</a>
+Himantopus mexicanus.............. <a href="#Page_139">139</a>
+Hirundinid&aelig;....................... <a href="#Page_372">372</a>
+Hirundo erythrogastra............. <a href="#Page_373">373</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_459" id="Page_459"></a> 459
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Histrionicus histrionicus......... <a href="#Page_101">101</a>
+Honey Creeper, Bahama............. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+Hummingbird, Allen's.............. <a href="#Page_277">277</a>
+  Anna's.......................... <a href="#Page_275">275</a>
+  Black-chinned................... <a href="#Page_273">273</a>
+  Blue-throated................... <a href="#Page_271">271</a>
+  Broad-billed.................... <a href="#Page_279">279</a>
+  Broad-tailed.................... <a href="#Page_276">276</a>
+  Buff-bellied.................... <a href="#Page_279">279</a>
+  Calliope........................ <a href="#Page_278">278</a>
+  Costa's......................... <a href="#Page_275">275</a>
+  Lucifer......................... <a href="#Page_278">278</a>
+  Morcom's........................ <a href="#Page_278">278</a>
+  Reiffer's....................... <a href="#Page_278">278</a>
+  Rivoli's........................ <a href="#Page_271">271</a>
+  Ruby-throated................... <a href="#Page_273">273</a>
+  Rufous.......................... <a href="#Page_276">276</a>
+  White-eared..................... <a href="#Page_279">279</a>
+  Xantus's........................ <a href="#Page_279">279</a>
+Hydranassa tricolor ruficollis.... <a href="#Page_123">123</a>
+Hydrochelidon leucoptera..........  <a href="#Page_57">57</a>
+  nigra surinamensis..............  <a href="#Page_56">56</a>
+Hylocichla alici&aelig; alici&aelig;.......... <a href="#Page_443">443</a>
+            " bicknelli........... <a href="#Page_443">443</a>
+  fuscescens fuscescens........... <a href="#Page_443">443</a>
+    "  salicicola................. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>
+  guttata auduboni................ <a href="#Page_445">445</a>
+    " guttata..................... <a href="#Page_445">445</a>
+    " mustelina................... <a href="#Page_442">442</a>
+    " nanus....................... <a href="#Page_446">446</a>
+    " pallasi..................... <a href="#Page_446">446</a>
+  ustulata swainsoni.............. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>
+    " ustulata.................... <a href="#Page_443">443</a>
+Ibidid&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_117">117</a>
+Ibis, Glossy...................... <a href="#Page_118">118</a>
+  Scarlet......................... <a href="#Page_117">117</a>
+  White........................... <a href="#Page_117">117</a>
+  White-faced Glossy.............. <a href="#Page_118">118</a>
+  Wood............................ <a href="#Page_118">118</a>
+Icteria virens virens............. <a href="#Page_413">413</a>
+         " longicauda............. <a href="#Page_413">413</a>
+Icterid&aelig;.......................... <a href="#Page_314">314</a>
+Icterus melanocephalus auduboni... <a href="#Page_319">319</a>
+  bullocki........................ <a href="#Page_322">322</a>
+  cucullatus nelsoni.............. <a href="#Page_320">320</a>
+    " sennetti.................... <a href="#Page_320">320</a>
+  galbula......................... <a href="#Page_321">321</a>
+  parisorum....................... <a href="#Page_320">320</a>
+  spurius......................... <a href="#Page_321">321</a>
+Ictinia mississippiensis.......... <a href="#Page_202">202</a>
+Ionornis martinicus............... <a href="#Page_135">135</a>
+Iridoprocne bicolor............... <a href="#Page_373">373</a>
+Ixobrychus exilis................. <a href="#Page_120">120</a>
+  neoxenus........................ <a href="#Page_120">120</a>
+Ixoreus n&aelig;vius meruloides......... <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+         " n&aelig;vius................. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+Jabiru............................ <a href="#Page_119">119</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Jabiru mycteria................... <a href="#Page_119">119</a>
+Jacana, Mexican................... <a href="#Page_172">172</a>
+  spinosa......................... <a href="#Page_172">172</a>
+Jacanid&aelig;.......................... <a href="#Page_172">172</a>
+J&aelig;ger, Long-tailed................  <a href="#Page_37">37</a>
+  Parastic........................  <a href="#Page_37">37</a>
+  Pomarine........................  <a href="#Page_36">36</a>
+Jay, Alaska....................... <a href="#Page_309">309</a>
+  Arizona......................... <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+  Belding's....................... <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+  Black-headed.................... <a href="#Page_306">306</a>
+  Blue............................ <a href="#Page_303">303</a>
+  Blue-eared...................... <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+  Blue-fronted.................... <a href="#Page_303">303</a>
+  California...................... <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+  Canada.......................... <a href="#Page_308">308</a>
+  Couch's......................... <a href="#Page_308">308</a>
+  Florida......................... <a href="#Page_306">306</a>
+  Florida Blue.................... <a href="#Page_303">303</a>
+  Gray............................ <a href="#Page_311">311</a>
+  Green........................... <a href="#Page_308">308</a>
+  Labrador........................ <a href="#Page_309">309</a>
+  Long-crested.................... <a href="#Page_303">303</a>
+  Oregon.......................... <a href="#Page_309">309</a>
+  Pinon........................... <a href="#Page_313">313</a>
+  Queen Charlotte................. <a href="#Page_306">306</a>
+  Rocky Mountain.................. <a href="#Page_309">309</a>
+  Santa Cruz...................... <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+  Steller's....................... <a href="#Page_303">303</a>
+  Texas........................... <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+  Woodhouse's..................... <a href="#Page_306">306</a>
+  Xantus's........................ <a href="#Page_307">307</a>
+Junco aikeni...................... <a href="#Page_348">348</a>
+  Arizona......................... <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+  Baird's......................... <a href="#Page_351">351</a>
+  bairdi.......................... <a href="#Page_351">351</a>
+  Carolina........................ <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+  Guadalupe....................... <a href="#Page_351">351</a>
+  hyemalis hyemalis............... <a href="#Page_349">349</a>
+  hyemalis carolinensis........... <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+    "  mearnsi.................... <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+    "  connectens................. <a href="#Page_349">349</a>
+    "  montanus................... <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+    "  oreganus................... <a href="#Page_349">349</a>
+    " pinosus..................... <a href="#Page_349">349</a>
+    " thurberi.................... <a href="#Page_349">349</a>
+insularis......................... <a href="#Page_351">351</a>
+  mearnsi.........................
+  Montana......................... <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+  Oregon.......................... <a href="#Page_349">349</a>
+  ph&aelig;onotus dorsalis.............. <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+    " palliatus................... <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+  Pink-sided...................... <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+  Point Pinos..................... <a href="#Page_349">349</a>
+  Red-backed...................... <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+  Shufeldt's...................... <a href="#Page_349">349</a>
+  Slate-colored................... <a href="#Page_349">349</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_460" id="Page_460"></a> 460
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Thurber's....................... <a href="#Page_349">349</a>
+  Townsend's...................... <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+  townsendi's..................... <a href="#Page_350">350</a>
+  White-winged.................... <a href="#Page_348">348</a>
+Kestrel........................... <a href="#Page_221">221</a>
+Killdeer.......................... <a href="#Page_165">165</a>
+Kingbird.......................... <a href="#Page_281">281</a>
+  Arkansas........................ <a href="#Page_283">283</a>
+  Cassin's........................ <a href="#Page_284">284</a>
+  Couch's......................... <a href="#Page_283">283</a>
+  Gray............................ <a href="#Page_283">283</a>
+Kingfisher, Belted................ <a href="#Page_247">247</a>
+  Ringed.......................... <a href="#Page_247">247</a>
+  Texas........................... <a href="#Page_249">249</a>
+Kinglet, Dusky.................... <a href="#Page_441">441</a>
+  Golden-crowned.................. <a href="#Page_439">439</a>
+  Ruby-crowned.................... <a href="#Page_440">440</a>
+  Sitka........................... <a href="#Page_441">441</a>
+  Western Golden crowned.......... <a href="#Page_440">440</a>
+Kite, Everglade................... <a href="#Page_202">202</a>
+  Mississippi..................... <a href="#Page_202">202</a>
+  Swallow-tailed.................. <a href="#Page_201">201</a>
+  White-tailed.................... <a href="#Page_201">201</a>
+Kittiwake.........................  <a href="#Page_39">39</a>
+  Kittiwake, Pacific..............  <a href="#Page_40">40</a>
+  Red-legged......................  <a href="#Page_40">40</a>
+Knot.............................. <a href="#Page_146">146</a>
+Lagopus evermanni................. <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+  lagopus lagopus................. <a href="#Page_183">183</a>
+    " alleni...................... <a href="#Page_183">183</a>
+  leucurus leucurus............... <a href="#Page_185">185</a>
+    "  peninsularis............... <a href="#Page_185">185</a>
+  rupestris....................... <a href="#Page_183">183</a>
+    " atkhensis................... <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+    " nelsoni..................... <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+    " reinhardi................... <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+    "  townsendi.................. <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+  welchi.......................... <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+Laniid&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_376">376</a>
+Lanius borealis................... <a href="#Page_376">376</a>
+  ludovicianus ludovicianus....... <a href="#Page_376">376</a>
+  anthonyi........................ <a href="#Page_376">376</a>
+    " excubitorides............... <a href="#Page_378">378</a>
+    " gambeli..................... <a href="#Page_378">378</a>
+Lanivireo flavifrons.............. <a href="#Page_382">382</a>
+  solitarius alticola............. <a href="#Page_383">383</a>
+  cassini......................... <a href="#Page_382">382</a>
+  lucasanus....................... <a href="#Page_383">383</a>
+  plumbeus........................ <a href="#Page_382">382</a>
+  solitarius...................... <a href="#Page_382">382</a>
+Lapwing........................... <a href="#Page_161">161</a>
+Larid&aelig;............................  <a href="#Page_38">38</a>
+Lark, California Horned........... <a href="#Page_298">298</a>
+  Desert Horned................... <a href="#Page_298">298</a>
+  Dusky Horned.................... <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+  Horned.......................... <a href="#Page_297">297</a>
+  Hoyt's Horned................... <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Island Horned................... <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+  Montezuma Horned................ <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+  Pallid Horned................... <a href="#Page_297">297</a>
+  Prairie Horned.................. <a href="#Page_298">298</a>
+  Ruddy Horned.................... <a href="#Page_298">298</a>
+  Scorched Horned................. <a href="#Page_298">298</a>
+  Sonora Horned................... <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+  Streaked Horned................. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+  Texan Horned.................... <a href="#Page_298">298</a>
+Larus affinis.....................  <a href="#Page_44">44</a>
+  argentatus......................  <a href="#Page_44">44</a>
+  atricilla.......................  <a href="#Page_47">47</a>
+  brachyrhynchus..................  <a href="#Page_46">46</a>
+  californicus....................  <a href="#Page_45">45</a>
+  canus...........................  <a href="#Page_46">46</a>
+  delawarensis....................  <a href="#Page_45">45</a>
+  franklini.......................  <a href="#Page_48">48</a>
+  glaucescens.....................  <a href="#Page_42">42</a>
+  hyporboreus.....................  <a href="#Page_40">40</a>
+  heermanni.......................  <a href="#Page_46">46</a>
+  kumlieni........................  <a href="#Page_42">42</a>
+  leucopterus.....................  <a href="#Page_41">41</a>
+  marinus.........................  <a href="#Page_43">43</a>
+  minutus.........................  <a href="#Page_49">49</a>
+  nelsoni.........................  <a href="#Page_42">42</a>
+  occidentalis....................  <a href="#Page_44">44</a>
+  philadelphia....................  <a href="#Page_48">48</a>
+  schistisagus....................  <a href="#Page_43">43</a>
+  veg&aelig;............................  <a href="#Page_45">45</a>
+Leptotila fulviventris brachyptera <a href="#Page_195">195</a>
+Leucosticte, atrata............... <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+  australis....................... <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+  griseonucha..................... <a href="#Page_327">327</a>
+  tephrocotis tephrocotis......... <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+    " littoralis.................. <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+Limicol&aelig;.......................... <a href="#Page_137">137</a>
+Limosa fedoa...................... <a href="#Page_151">151</a>
+  h&aelig;mastica....................... <a href="#Page_152">152</a>
+  lapponica baueri................ <a href="#Page_152">152</a>
+  limosa.......................... <a href="#Page_152">152</a>
+Limpkin........................... <a href="#Page_129">129</a>
+Lobipes Lobatus................... <a href="#Page_137">137</a>
+Longipennes.......................  <a href="#Page_35">35</a>
+Longspur, Alaska.................. <a href="#Page_333">333</a>
+  Chestnut-collared............... <a href="#Page_334">334</a>
+  Lapland......................... <a href="#Page_333">333</a>
+  McCown's........................ <a href="#Page_334">334</a>
+  Smith's......................... <a href="#Page_334">334</a>
+Loon...................... <a href="#Page_38">38</a>-<a href="#Page_17">17</a>-<a href="#Page_20">20</a>-<a href="#Page_18">18</a>
+  Black-throated..................  <a href="#Page_18">18</a>
+  Pacific.........................  <a href="#Page_19">19</a>
+  Red-throated....................  <a href="#Page_19">19</a>
+  Yellow-billed...................  <a href="#Page_18">18</a>
+Lophodytes cucullatus.............  <a href="#Page_88">88</a>
+Lophortyx californica............. <a href="#Page_177">177</a>
+           " vallicola............ <a href="#Page_177">177</a>
+  gambeli......................... <a href="#Page_177">177</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_461" id="Page_461"></a> 461
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Loxia curvirostra minor........... <a href="#Page_327">327</a>
+       " stricklandi.............. <a href="#Page_327">327</a>
+  leucoptera...................... <a href="#Page_327">327</a>
+Lunda cirrhata....................  <a href="#Page_22">22</a>
+Machetes Pugnax................... <a href="#Page_156">156</a>
+Macrochires....................... <a href="#Page_262">262</a>
+Macronectes giganteus.............  <a href="#Page_62">62</a>
+Macrorhamphus griseus griseus..... <a href="#Page_144">144</a>
+               " scolopaceus...... <a href="#Page_145">145</a>
+Magpie, Yellow-billed............. <a href="#Page_300">300</a>
+Mallard...........................  <a href="#Page_88">88</a>
+Man-o'-War Bird...................  <a href="#Page_86">86</a>
+Mareca americana..................  <a href="#Page_92">92</a>
+  penelope........................  <a href="#Page_91">91</a>
+Marila affinis....................  <a href="#Page_98">98</a>
+  americana.......................  <a href="#Page_95">95</a>
+  collaris........................  <a href="#Page_98">98</a>
+  marila..........................  <a href="#Page_97">97</a>
+  valisineria.....................  <a href="#Page_97">97</a>
+Martin, Cuban..................... <a href="#Page_372">372</a>
+  Purple.......................... <a href="#Page_372">372</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_372">372</a>
+Meadowlark........................ <a href="#Page_317">317</a>
+  Rio Grande...................... <a href="#Page_317">317</a>
+  southern........................ <a href="#Page_319">319</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_319">319</a>
+Megalestris skua..................  <a href="#Page_36">36</a>
+Megaquiscalus major major......... <a href="#Page_323">323</a>
+               " macrourus........ <a href="#Page_324">324</a>
+Melanerpes erythrocephalus........ <a href="#Page_256">256</a>
+  formicivorus formicivorus....... <a href="#Page_256">256</a>
+    "   angustifrons.............. <a href="#Page_257">257</a>
+    "   bairdi.................... <a href="#Page_257">257</a>
+Meleagrid&aelig;........................ <a href="#Page_178">178</a>
+Meleagris gallopavo intermedia.... <a href="#Page_191">191</a>
+           "  merriami............ <a href="#Page_190">190</a>
+           "  osceola............. <a href="#Page_191">191</a>
+           "  silvestris.......... <a href="#Page_190">190</a>
+Melopelia asiatica................ <a href="#Page_195">195</a>
+Melospiza melodia caurina......... <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+           " cooperi.............. <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+           " clement&aelig;............. <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+           " fallax............... <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+           " graminea............. <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+           " heermanni............ <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+           " insignis............. <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+           " juddi................ <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+           " kenaiensis........... <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+           " melodia.............. <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+           " merrilli............. <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+           " montana.............. <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+           " morphna.............. <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+           " pusillula............ <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+           " rivularis............ <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+           " rufina............... <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+           " samuelis............. <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+  georgiana....................... <a href="#Page_356">356</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  lincolni lincolni............... <a href="#Page_356">356</a>
+            " striata............. <a href="#Page_356">356</a>
+Merganser.........................  <a href="#Page_87">87</a>
+  Hooded..........................  <a href="#Page_88">88</a>
+  Red-breasted....................  <a href="#Page_88">88</a>
+Mergus americanus.................  <a href="#Page_87">87</a>
+  serrator........................  <a href="#Page_88">88</a>
+Merlin............................ <a href="#Page_221">221</a>
+Micropalama himantopus............ <a href="#Page_145">145</a>
+Micropallas whitneyi.............. <a href="#Page_240">240</a>
+Micropodid&aelig;....................... <a href="#Page_268">268</a>
+Mimus polyglottos................. <a href="#Page_420">420</a>
+       " polyglottos.............. <a href="#Page_420">420</a>
+       " leucopterus.............. <a href="#Page_420">420</a>
+Mniotilta varia................... <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+Mniotiltid&aelig;....................... <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+Mockingbird....................... <a href="#Page_420">420</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_420">420</a>
+Molothrus ater ater............... <a href="#Page_314">314</a>
+" obscurus........................ <a href="#Page_315">315</a>
+Motacilla alba.................... <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+  ocularis........................ <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+Motacillid&aelig;....................... <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+Murre.............................  <a href="#Page_29">29</a>
+  Brunnich's......................  <a href="#Page_31">31</a>
+  California......................  <a href="#Page_30">30</a>
+  Pallas's........................  <a href="#Page_31">31</a>
+Murrelet, Ancient.................  <a href="#Page_26">26</a>
+  Craveri's.......................  <a href="#Page_28">28</a>
+  Kittlitz........................  <a href="#Page_27">27</a>
+  Marbled.........................  <a href="#Page_27">27</a>
+  Xantus..........................  <a href="#Page_27">27</a>
+Muscivora forficata............... <a href="#Page_281">281</a>
+  tyrannus........................ <a href="#Page_280">280</a>
+Myadestes townsendi............... <a href="#Page_442">442</a>
+Mycteria americana................ <a href="#Page_118">118</a>
+Myiarchus cinerascens cinerascens. <a href="#Page_286">286</a>
+Myiarchus cinerascens pertinax.... <a href="#Page_287">287</a>
+  crinitus........................ <a href="#Page_285">285</a>
+  olivascens...................... <a href="#Page_287">287</a>
+  magister magister............... <a href="#Page_286">286</a>
+  nelsoni......................... <a href="#Page_286">286</a>
+Myiochanes pertinax pallidiven-
+      tris........................ <a href="#Page_291">291</a>
+  richardsoni richardsoni......... <a href="#Page_293">293</a>
+    " peninsul&aelig;................... <a href="#Page_293">293</a>
+  virens.......................... <a href="#Page_291">291</a>
+Myiodynastes luteiventris......... <a href="#Page_285">285</a>
+  Nannus alascensis............... <a href="#Page_428">428</a>
+  meliger......................... <a href="#Page_428">428</a>
+  niemalis helleri................ <a href="#Page_428">428</a>
+    " niemalis.................... <a href="#Page_427">427</a>
+    " pacificus................... <a href="#Page_428">428</a>
+Netta rufina......................  <a href="#Page_95">95</a>
+Nettion carolinense...............  <a href="#Page_92">92</a>
+  crecca..........................  <a href="#Page_92">92</a>
+Nighthawk......................... <a href="#Page_266">266</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_462" id="Page_462"></a> 462
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Florida......................... <a href="#Page_266">266</a>
+  Sennett's....................... <a href="#Page_268">268</a>
+  Texas........................... <a href="#Page_268">268</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_266">266</a>
+Noddy.............................  <a href="#Page_57">57</a>
+Nomonyx dominicus................. <a href="#Page_106">106</a>
+Nucifraga columbiana.............. <a href="#Page_313">313</a>
+Numenius americanus............... <a href="#Page_159">159</a>
+  borealis........................ <a href="#Page_160">160</a>
+  hudsonicus...................... <a href="#Page_159">159</a>
+  ph&aelig;opus......................... <a href="#Page_160">160</a>
+  tahitiensis..................... <a href="#Page_160">160</a>
+Nutcracker, Clark's............... <a href="#Page_313">313</a>
+Nuthatch, Brown-headed............ <a href="#Page_432">432</a>
+  Florida White-breasted.......... <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+  Pygmy........................... <a href="#Page_432">432</a>
+  Red-breasted.................... <a href="#Page_432">432</a>
+  Rocky Mountain.................. <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+  Slender-billed.................. <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+  San Lucas....................... <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+  White-breasted.................. <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+  White-naped..................... <a href="#Page_433">433</a>
+Nuttallornis borealis............. <a href="#Page_290">290</a>
+Nyctanassa violacea............... <a href="#Page_126">126</a>
+Nyctea nyctea..................... <a href="#Page_237">237</a>
+Nycticorax nycticorax n&aelig;vius...... <a href="#Page_126">126</a>
+Nyctidromus albicollis merrilli... <a href="#Page_265">265</a>
+Oceanites oceanicus...............  <a href="#Page_71">71</a>
+Oceanodroma furcata...............  <a href="#Page_68">68</a>
+  homochroa.......................  <a href="#Page_70">70</a>
+  k&aelig;dingi.........................  <a href="#Page_69">69</a>
+  leucorhoa.......................  <a href="#Page_69">69</a>
+  macrodactyla....................  <a href="#Page_69">69</a>
+  melania.........................  <a href="#Page_70">70</a>
+  socorr&oelig;nsis.....................  <a href="#Page_70">70</a>
+Ochthodromus wilsonius............ <a href="#Page_168">168</a>
+Odontogloss&aelig;...................... <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+Odontophorid&aelig;..................... <a href="#Page_175">175</a>
+Oidemia americana................. <a href="#Page_104">104</a>
+  deglandi........................ <a href="#Page_105">105</a>
+  fusca........................... <a href="#Page_105">105</a>
+  perspicillata................... <a href="#Page_105">105</a>
+Old-squaw......................... <a href="#Page_100">100</a>
+Olor buccinator................... <a href="#Page_114">114</a>
+  columbianus..................... <a href="#Page_114">114</a>
+  cygnus.......................... <a href="#Page_114">114</a>
+Oporornis agilis.................. <a href="#Page_410">410</a>
+  formosus........................ <a href="#Page_410">410</a>
+  philadelphia.................... <a href="#Page_411">411</a>
+  tolmei.......................... <a href="#Page_411">411</a>
+Oreortyx picta picta.............. <a href="#Page_176">176</a>
+          " confinis.............. <a href="#Page_176">176</a>
+          " plumifera............. <a href="#Page_176">176</a>
+Oreospiza chlorura................ <a href="#Page_361">361</a>
+Oriole, Arizona Hooded............ <a href="#Page_320">320</a>
+  Audubon's....................... <a href="#Page_319">319</a>
+  Baltimore....................... <a href="#Page_321">321</a>
+</pre>
+
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Bullock's....................... <a href="#Page_322">322</a>
+  Scott's......................... <a href="#Page_320">320</a>
+  Sennett's....................... <a href="#Page_320">320</a>
+Orchard........................... <a href="#Page_321">321</a>
+Oreoscoptes montanus.............. <a href="#Page_419">419</a>
+Ortalis vetula mccalli............ <a href="#Page_191">191</a>
+Osprey............................ <a href="#Page_225">225</a>
+Octocoris alpestris alpestris..... <a href="#Page_297">297</a>
+           " actia................ <a href="#Page_298">298</a>
+           " adusta............... <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+           " articola............. <a href="#Page_297">297</a>
+           " giraudi.............. <a href="#Page_298">298</a>
+           " hoyti................ <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+           " insularis............ <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+           " leucol&aelig;ma............ <a href="#Page_298">298</a>
+           " merrilli............. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+           " occidentalis......... <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+           " pallida.............. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+           " praticola............ <a href="#Page_298">298</a>
+           " rubea................ <a href="#Page_298">298</a>
+           " strigata............. <a href="#Page_299">299</a>
+Otus asio aikeni.................. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+      " asio...................... <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+      " bendirei.................. <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+      " cineraceus................ <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+      " floridanus................ <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+      " kennicotti................ <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+      " macfarlanei............... <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+      " maxwelli&aelig;................. <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+      " mccalli................... <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+  flammeolus flammeolus........... <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+    "   idahoensis................ <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+  Trichopsis...................... <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+  Xantusi......................... <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+Ouzel, Water...................... <a href="#Page_419">419</a>
+Oven-bird......................... <a href="#Page_407">407</a>
+Owl, Aiken's Screech.............. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+  Arctic Horned................... <a href="#Page_235">235</a>
+  Barn............................ <a href="#Page_227">227</a>
+  Barred.......................... <a href="#Page_229">229</a>
+  Burrowing....................... <a href="#Page_238">238</a>
+  California Pygmy................ <a href="#Page_239">239</a>
+  California Screech.............. <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+  Dusky Horned.................... <a href="#Page_235">235</a>
+  Dwarf Horned.................... <a href="#Page_237">237</a>
+  Dwarf Screech................... <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+  Elf............................. <a href="#Page_240">240</a>
+  European Hawk................... <a href="#Page_237">237</a>
+  Ferruginous Pygmy............... <a href="#Page_240">240</a>
+  Flammulated Screech............. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+  Florida Barred.................. <a href="#Page_229">229</a>
+  Florida Burrowing............... <a href="#Page_239">239</a>
+    " Screech..................... <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+  Great Gray...................... <a href="#Page_231">231</a>
+  Great Horned.................... <a href="#Page_235">235</a>
+  Hawk............................ <a href="#Page_238">238</a>
+  Hoskin's Pygmy.................. <a href="#Page_239">239</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_463" id="Page_463"></a> 463
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Kennicott's Screech............. <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+  Lapp............................ <a href="#Page_232">232</a>
+  Long-eared...................... <a href="#Page_227">227</a>
+  MacFarlane's Screech............ <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+  Mexican Screech................. <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+  Northern Spotted................ <a href="#Page_231">231</a>
+  Northwestern Saw-whet........... <a href="#Page_232">232</a>
+  Pacific Horned.................. <a href="#Page_235">235</a>
+  Pygmy........................... <a href="#Page_239">239</a>
+  Richardson's.................... <a href="#Page_232">232</a>
+  Rocky Mountain Screech.......... <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+  Saw-whet........................ <a href="#Page_232">232</a>
+  Screech......................... <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+  Short-eared..................... <a href="#Page_229">229</a>
+  Snowy........................... <a href="#Page_237">237</a>
+  Spotted......................... <a href="#Page_237">237</a>
+    "      Screech................ <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+  Texas Barred.................... <a href="#Page_231">231</a>
+  Texas Screech................... <a href="#Page_233">233</a>
+  Western Horned.................. <a href="#Page_235">235</a>
+  Xantus's Screech................ <a href="#Page_234">234</a>
+Oxyechus vociferus................ <a href="#Page_165">165</a>
+Oyster-catcher.................... <a href="#Page_170">170</a>
+European.......................... <a href="#Page_170">170</a>
+Black............................. <a href="#Page_171">171</a>
+Frazar's.......................... <a href="#Page_171">171</a>
+Pagophila alba....................  <a href="#Page_39">39</a>
+Paludicol&aelig;........................ <a href="#Page_127">127</a>
+Pandion hali&aelig;tus carolinensis..... <a href="#Page_225">225</a>
+Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi...... <a href="#Page_207">207</a>
+Parauque, Merrill's............... <a href="#Page_265">265</a>
+Paroquet, Carolina................ <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+Parrot, Thick-billed.............. <a href="#Page_141">141</a>
+Partridge, Alaska Spruce.......... <a href="#Page_179">179</a>
+  Canada Spruce................... <a href="#Page_179">179</a>
+  Hudsonian Spruce................ <a href="#Page_179">179</a>
+Passer domesticus................. <a href="#Page_335">335</a>
+Passerculus beldingi.............. <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+  princeps........................ <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+  rostratus rostratus............. <a href="#Page_338">338</a>
+    "  guttatus................... <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+    "  santorum................... <a href="#Page_338">338</a>
+  sandwichensis sandwichensis..... <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+    "  alaudinus.................. <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+    "  bryanti.................... <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+    "  savanna.................... <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+Passerella iliaca fuliginosa...... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+             "   iliaca........... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+             "   insularis........ <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+             "   megarhyncha...... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+             "   schistacea....... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+             "   stephensi........ <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+             "   townsendi........ <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+             "   unalaschensis.... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+Passeres.......................... <a href="#Page_280">280</a>
+Passerherbulus henslowi henslowi.. <a href="#Page_340">340</a>
+                 "  occidentalis.. <a href="#Page_340">340</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  caudacutus...................... <a href="#Page_340">340</a>
+  lecontei........................ <a href="#Page_340">340</a>
+  maritimus fisheri............... <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+             "   macgillivrai..... <a href="#Page_342">342</a>
+             "   maritimus........ <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+             "   peninsul&aelig;........ <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+             "   sennetti......... <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+  nelsoni nelsoni................. <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+    "  subvirgatus................ <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+  nigrescens...................... <a href="#Page_342">342</a>
+Passerina am&oelig;na................... <a href="#Page_366">366</a>
+  ciris........................... <a href="#Page_367">367</a>
+  cyanea.......................... <a href="#Page_366">366</a>
+  versicolor versicolor........... <a href="#Page_367">367</a>
+    " pulchra..................... <a href="#Page_367">367</a>
+Pedi&oelig;cetes phasianellus phasianel
+        lus....................... <a href="#Page_187">187</a>
+  phasianellus campestris......... <a href="#Page_187">187</a>
+    " columbianus................. <a href="#Page_187">187</a>
+Pelagodroma marina................  <a href="#Page_71">71</a>
+Pelecanid&aelig;........................  <a href="#Page_83">83</a>
+Pelecanus californicus............  <a href="#Page_85">85</a>
+  erythrorhynchos.................  <a href="#Page_83">83</a>
+  occidentalis....................  <a href="#Page_85">85</a>
+Pelican, White....................  <a href="#Page_83">83</a>
+  Brown...........................  <a href="#Page_85">85</a>
+  California Brown................  <a href="#Page_85">85</a>
+Pelidna alpina alpina............. <a href="#Page_149">149</a>
+          " sakhalina............. <a href="#Page_149">149</a>
+Penthestes atricapillus atricapillus <a href="#Page_434">434</a>
+             " occidentalis....... <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+             " septentrionalis.... <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+  carolinensis agilis............. <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+    "       carolinensis.......... <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+  cinctus alascensis.............. <a href="#Page_436">436</a>
+    "  gambeli.................... <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+  hudsonicus hudsonicus........... <a href="#Page_436">436</a>
+    "  littoralis................. <a href="#Page_436">436</a>
+  rufescens barlowi............... <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+    "  neglectus.................. <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+    "  rufescens.................. <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+  sclateri........................ <a href="#Page_435">435</a>
+Perisoreus canadensis canadensis.. <a href="#Page_308">308</a>
+             "  capitalis......... <a href="#Page_309">309</a>
+             "  fumifrons......... <a href="#Page_309">309</a>
+             "  nigricapillus..... <a href="#Page_309">309</a>
+  obscurus obscurus............... <a href="#Page_309">309</a>
+    "  griseus.................... <a href="#Page_311">311</a>
+Petrel, Ashy......................  <a href="#Page_70">70</a>
+  Black...........................  <a href="#Page_70">70</a>
+  Black-capped....................  <a href="#Page_67">67</a>
+  Bulwer's........................  <a href="#Page_67">67</a>
+  Fisher's........................  <a href="#Page_67">67</a>
+  Fork-tailed.....................  <a href="#Page_68">68</a>
+  Guadalupe.......................  <a href="#Page_69">69</a>
+  K&aelig;ding's........................  <a href="#Page_69">69</a>
+  Leach's.........................  <a href="#Page_68">68</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_464" id="Page_464"></a> 464
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Least...........................  <a href="#Page_68">68</a>
+  Pintado.........................  <a href="#Page_67">67</a>
+  Scaled..........................  <a href="#Page_67">67</a>
+  Socorro.........................  <a href="#Page_70">70</a>
+  Storm...........................  <a href="#Page_68">68</a>
+  White-bellied...................  <a href="#Page_71">71</a>
+  White-faced.....................  <a href="#Page_71">71</a>
+  Wilson's........................  <a href="#Page_71">71</a>
+Petrochelidon fulva............... <a href="#Page_372">372</a>
+  lunifrons lunifrons............. <a href="#Page_372">372</a>
+  melanogastra.................... <a href="#Page_373">373</a>
+Peuc&aelig;a &aelig;stivalis &aelig;stivalis........ <a href="#Page_352">352</a>
+        " bachmani................ <a href="#Page_352">352</a>
+  botterii........................ <a href="#Page_352">352</a>
+  cassini......................... <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+Peucedramus olivaceus............. <a href="#Page_391">391</a>
+Pewee, Western Wood............... <a href="#Page_293">293</a>
+  Large-billed Wood............... <a href="#Page_293">293</a>
+  Wood............................ <a href="#Page_291">291</a>
+Ph&aelig;thon americanus................  <a href="#Page_72">72</a>
+  &aelig;thereus........................  <a href="#Page_73">73</a>
+  rubricaudus.....................  <a href="#Page_73">73</a>
+Ph&aelig;thontid&aelig;.......................  <a href="#Page_72">72</a>
+Phainopepla....................... <a href="#Page_376">376</a>
+  nitens.......................... <a href="#Page_376">376</a>
+Phalacrocoracid&aelig;..................  <a href="#Page_78">78</a>
+Phalacrocorax carbo...............  <a href="#Page_79">79</a>
+  auritus auritus.................  <a href="#Page_79">79</a>
+    "  albociliatus...............  <a href="#Page_81">81</a>
+    "  cincinatus.................  <a href="#Page_81">81</a>
+    "  floridanus.................  <a href="#Page_81">81</a>
+  vigua mexicanus.................  <a href="#Page_81">81</a>
+  pelagicus pelagicus.............  <a href="#Page_82">82</a>
+    "  resplendens................  <a href="#Page_82">82</a>
+    "  robustus...................  <a href="#Page_82">82</a>
+  penicillatus....................  <a href="#Page_82">82</a>
+  urile...........................  <a href="#Page_82">82</a>
+Phal&aelig;noptilus nuttalli nuttalli... <a href="#Page_264">264</a>
+               " californicus..... <a href="#Page_264">264</a>
+               " nitidus.......... <a href="#Page_264">264</a>
+Phalarope, Northern............... <a href="#Page_137">137</a>
+  Red............................. <a href="#Page_137">137</a>
+  Wilson's........................ <a href="#Page_138">138</a>
+Phalaropodid&aelig;..................... <a href="#Page_137">137</a>
+Phalaropus fulicarius............. <a href="#Page_137">137</a>
+Phaleris psittacula...............  <a href="#Page_25">25</a>
+Phasianid&aelig;........................ <a href="#Page_188">188</a>
+Phasianus torquatus............... <a href="#Page_188">188</a>
+Pheasant, Ring-necked............. <a href="#Page_188">188</a>
+Philacte canagica................. <a href="#Page_112">112</a>
+Philohela minor................... <a href="#Page_140">140</a>
+Phl&oelig;otomus pileatus pileatus...... <a href="#Page_255">255</a>
+Ph&oelig;be............................. <a href="#Page_287">287</a>
+  Black........................... <a href="#Page_289">289</a>
+  Say............................. <a href="#Page_289">289</a>
+Ph&oelig;betria palpebrata..............  <a href="#Page_60">60</a>
+Ph&oelig;nicopterid&aelig;.................... <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Ph&oelig;nicopterus ruber............... <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+Pica pica hudsonia................ <a href="#Page_300">300</a>
+  nuttalli........................ <a href="#Page_300">300</a>
+Pici.............................. <a href="#Page_249">249</a>
+Picid&aelig;............................ <a href="#Page_249">249</a>
+Picoides americanus americanus.... <a href="#Page_253">253</a>
+          " dorsalis.............. <a href="#Page_254">254</a>
+          " fasciatus............. <a href="#Page_254">254</a>
+  arcticus........................ <a href="#Page_253">253</a>
+Pigeon, Band-tailed............... <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+  Passenger....................... <a href="#Page_193">193</a>
+  Red-billed...................... <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+  Scaled.......................... <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+  Viosca's........................ <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+  White-crowned................... <a href="#Page_192">192</a>
+Pinicola enucleator alascensis.... <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+          " californica........... <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+          " flammula.............. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+          " leucura............... <a href="#Page_324">324</a>
+          "  montana.............. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+Pintail...........................  <a href="#Page_94">94</a>
+Pipilo aberti..................... <a href="#Page_361">361</a>
+  consobrinus..................... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  erythrophthalmus erythrophthal-
+      mus......................... <a href="#Page_358">358</a>
+  erythrophthalmus alleni......... <a href="#Page_358">358</a>
+  fuscus albigula................. <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  crissalis crissalis............. <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  fuscus mesoleucus............... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  crissalis senicula.............. <a href="#Page_361">361</a>
+  maculatus arcticus.............. <a href="#Page_358">358</a>
+    "  clement&aelig;................... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+    "  magnirostris............... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+    "  megalonyx.................. <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+    "  montanus................... <a href="#Page_358">358</a>
+    "  oregonus................... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+Pipit............................. <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+  Meadow.......................... <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+  Red-throated.................... <a href="#Page_419">419</a>
+  Sprague's....................... <a href="#Page_419">419</a>
+Piranga erythromelas.............. <a href="#Page_369">369</a>
+  hepatica........................ <a href="#Page_370">370</a>
+  ludoviciana..................... <a href="#Page_369">369</a>
+  rubra rubra..................... <a href="#Page_370">370</a>
+    " cooperi..................... <a href="#Page_370">370</a>
+Pisobia aurita.................... <a href="#Page_147">147</a>
+  bairdi.......................... <a href="#Page_148">148</a>
+  damacensis...................... <a href="#Page_149">149</a>
+  fuscicollis..................... <a href="#Page_148">148</a>
+  maculata........................ <a href="#Page_147">147</a>
+  minutella....................... <a href="#Page_148">148</a>
+
+Pitangus sulphuratus derbianus.... <a href="#Page_284">284</a>
+Planesticus confinis.............. <a href="#Page_447">447</a>
+  migratorius achrusterus......... <a href="#Page_447">447</a>
+    "  migratorius................ <a href="#Page_446">446</a>
+    "  propinquus................. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_465" id="Page_465"></a> 465
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Plataleid&aelig;........................ <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+Platypsaris aglai&aelig; albiventris.... <a href="#Page_280">280</a>
+Plautus impennis................ <a href="#Page_32">32</a>-<a href="#Page_33">33</a>
+Plectrophenax hyperboreus......... <a href="#Page_333">333</a>
+  nivalis nivalis................. <a href="#Page_332">332</a>
+    " townsendi................... <a href="#Page_332">332</a>
+Plegadis autumnalis............... <a href="#Page_118">118</a>
+  guarauna........................ <a href="#Page_118">118</a>
+Plover, Black-bellied............. <a href="#Page_161">161</a>
+  European Golden................. <a href="#Page_163">163</a>
+  Golden.......................... <a href="#Page_163">163</a>
+  Little Ringed................... <a href="#Page_166">166</a>
+  Mongolian....................... <a href="#Page_167">167</a>
+  Mountain........................ <a href="#Page_168">168</a>
+  Pacific Golden.................. <a href="#Page_163">163</a>
+  Piping.......................... <a href="#Page_166">166</a>
+  Ringed.......................... <a href="#Page_166">166</a>
+  Semipalmated.................... <a href="#Page_165">165</a>
+  Snowy........................... <a href="#Page_167">167</a>
+  Upland.......................... <a href="#Page_156">156</a>
+  Wilson's........................ <a href="#Page_168">168</a>
+Podasocys montanus................ <a href="#Page_168">168</a>
+Podilymbus podiceps...............  <a href="#Page_15">15</a>
+Polioptila c&aelig;rulea c&aelig;rulea........ <a href="#Page_441">441</a>
+            " obscura............. <a href="#Page_441">441</a>
+  californica..................... <a href="#Page_442">442</a>
+  plumbea......................... <a href="#Page_441">441</a>
+Polyborus cheriway................ <a href="#Page_224">224</a>
+  lutosus......................... <a href="#Page_224">224</a>
+Polysticta stelleri............... <a href="#Page_102">102</a>
+Po&oelig;cetes gramineus gramineus...... <a href="#Page_335">335</a>
+          " affinis............... <a href="#Page_335">335</a>
+          "  confinis............. <a href="#Page_335">335</a>
+Poor-will......................... <a href="#Page_264">264</a>
+  Dusky........................... <a href="#Page_264">264</a>
+  Frosted......................... <a href="#Page_264">264</a>
+Porzana carolina.................. <a href="#Page_133">133</a>
+  porzana......................... <a href="#Page_133">133</a>
+Prairie Chicken................... <a href="#Page_185">185</a>
+  Attwater's...................... <a href="#Page_186">186</a>
+  Lesser.......................... <a href="#Page_187">187</a>
+Priocella glacialoides............  <a href="#Page_63">63</a>
+Priofinus cinereus................  <a href="#Page_66">66</a>
+Procellariid&aelig;.....................  <a href="#Page_61">61</a>
+Progne cryptoleuca................ <a href="#Page_372">372</a>
+  subis subis..................... <a href="#Page_372">372</a>
+    " hesperia.................... <a href="#Page_372">372</a>
+Protonotaria citrea............... <a href="#Page_386">386</a>
+Psaltriparus melanotis lloydi..... <a href="#Page_438">438</a>
+  minimus minimus................. <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+    " californicus................ <a href="#Page_438">438</a>
+    " grind&aelig;...................... <a href="#Page_438">438</a>
+  plumbeus........................ <a href="#Page_438">438</a>
+Psittaci.......................... <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+Psittacid&aelig;........................ <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+Ptarmigan, Allen's................ <a href="#Page_183">183</a>
+  Evermann's...................... <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Kenai White-tailed.............. <a href="#Page_185">185</a>
+  Nelson's........................ <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+  Reinhardt's..................... <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+  Rock............................ <a href="#Page_183">183</a>
+  Townsend's...................... <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+  Turner's........................ <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+  Welch's......................... <a href="#Page_184">184</a>
+  White-tailed.................... <a href="#Page_185">185</a>
+  Willow.......................... <a href="#Page_183">183</a>
+Ptychoramphus aleuticus...........  <a href="#Page_24">24</a>
+  Puffin..........................  <a href="#Page_22">22</a>
+  Horned..........................  <a href="#Page_23">23</a>
+  Large-billed....................  <a href="#Page_23">23</a>
+  Tufted..........................  <a href="#Page_22">22</a>
+Puffinus assimilis................  <a href="#Page_65">65</a>
+  auricularis.....................  <a href="#Page_65">65</a>
+  borealis........................  <a href="#Page_64">64</a>
+  creatopus.......................  <a href="#Page_65">65</a>
+  cuneatus........................  <a href="#Page_66">66</a>
+  gravis..........................  <a href="#Page_64">64</a>
+  griseus.........................  <a href="#Page_66">66</a>
+  lherminieri.....................  <a href="#Page_65">65</a>
+  opisthomelas....................  <a href="#Page_65">65</a>
+  puffinus........................  <a href="#Page_64">64</a>
+  tenuirostris....................  <a href="#Page_66">66</a>
+Pygopodes.........................  <a href="#Page_10">10</a>
+Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus... <a href="#Page_296">296</a>
+Pyrrhula cassini.................. <a href="#Page_325">325</a>
+Pyrrhuloxia, Arizona.............. <a href="#Page_364">364</a>
+  sinuata sinuata................. <a href="#Page_364">364</a>
+    " peninsul&aelig;................... <a href="#Page_364">364</a>
+    " texana...................... <a href="#Page_364">364</a>
+  San Lucas....................... <a href="#Page_364">364</a>
+  Texas........................... <a href="#Page_364">364</a>
+  California...................... <a href="#Page_177">177</a>
+  Chestnut Bellied Scaled......... <a href="#Page_177">177</a>
+  Gambel's........................ <a href="#Page_177">177</a>
+  Mearn's......................... <a href="#Page_178">178</a>
+Quail, Mountain................... <a href="#Page_176">176</a>
+  Plumed.......................... <a href="#Page_176">176</a>
+  San Pedro....................... <a href="#Page_176">176</a>
+  Scaled.......................... <a href="#Page_176">176</a>
+  Valley.......................... <a href="#Page_177">177</a>
+Querquedula cyanoptera............  <a href="#Page_93">93</a>
+  discors.........................  <a href="#Page_93">93</a>
+Quiscalus quiscula quiscula....... <a href="#Page_323">323</a>
+           " agl&aelig;us............... <a href="#Page_323">323</a>
+           " &aelig;neus................ <a href="#Page_323">323</a>
+Rail, Belding's................... <a href="#Page_131">131</a>
+  Black........................... <a href="#Page_134">134</a>
+  California Clapper.............. <a href="#Page_131">131</a>
+  Carribean Clapper............... <a href="#Page_132">132</a>
+  Clapper......................... <a href="#Page_132">132</a>
+  Farallon........................ <a href="#Page_134">134</a>
+  Florida Clapper................. <a href="#Page_132">132</a>
+  King............................ <a href="#Page_131">131</a>
+  Louisiana Clapper............... <a href="#Page_132">132</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_466" id="Page_466"></a> 466
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Virginia........................ <a href="#Page_133">133</a>
+  Wayne's Clapper................. <a href="#Page_132">132</a>
+  Yellow.......................... <a href="#Page_131">131</a>
+Rallid&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_131">131</a>
+Rallus beldingi................... <a href="#Page_131">131</a>
+  crepitans crepitans............. <a href="#Page_132">132</a>
+    " saturatus................... <a href="#Page_132">132</a>
+    " scotti...................... <a href="#Page_132">132</a>
+    " waynei...................... <a href="#Page_132">132</a>
+  elegans......................... <a href="#Page_131">131</a>
+  longirostris carib&aelig;us........... <a href="#Page_132">132</a>
+  obsoletus....................... <a href="#Page_131">131</a>
+  virginianus..................... <a href="#Page_132">132</a>
+Raptores.......................... <a href="#Page_198">198</a>
+Raven............................. <a href="#Page_311">311</a>
+  Northern........................ <a href="#Page_311">311</a>
+  White-necked.................... <a href="#Page_311">311</a>
+Recurvirostra americana........... <a href="#Page_139">139</a>
+Recurvirostrid&aelig;................... <a href="#Page_139">139</a>
+Redhead...........................  <a href="#Page_95">95</a>
+Redpoll........................... <a href="#Page_329">329</a>
+  Greater......................... <a href="#Page_329">329</a>
+  Greenland....................... <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+  Hoary........................... <a href="#Page_328">328</a>
+  Holb&oelig;ll's....................... <a href="#Page_329">329</a>
+Redstart.......................... <a href="#Page_415">415</a>
+  Painted......................... <a href="#Page_417">417</a>
+Red-wing, Bahama.................. <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+  Bicolored....................... <a href="#Page_317">317</a>
+  Florida......................... <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+  Northwestern.................... <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+  San Diego....................... <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+  Sonora.......................... <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+  Thick-billed.................... <a href="#Page_316">316</a>
+  Tricolored...................... <a href="#Page_317">317</a>
+Regulus calendula calendula....... <a href="#Page_440">440</a>
+         "  grinnelli............. <a href="#Page_441">441</a>
+         "  obscurus.............. <a href="#Page_441">441</a>
+  satrapa olivaceus............... <a href="#Page_440">440</a>
+    " satrapa..................... <a href="#Page_439">439</a>
+Rhodostethia rosea................  <a href="#Page_49">49</a>
+Rhynchophanes mccowni............. <a href="#Page_334">334</a>
+Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha........ <a href="#Page_241">241</a>
+Riparia riparia................... <a href="#Page_374">374</a>
+Rissa brevirostris................  <a href="#Page_40">40</a>
+  tridactyla tridactyla...........  <a href="#Page_39">39</a>
+    "  pollicaris.................  <a href="#Page_40">40</a>
+Road-runner....................... <a href="#Page_243">243</a>
+Robin............................. <a href="#Page_446">446</a>
+  Southern........................ <a href="#Page_447">447</a>
+  San Lucas....................... <a href="#Page_447">447</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_446">446</a>
+Rostrhamus sociabilis............. <a href="#Page_202">202</a>
+Rough-leg, Ferruginous............ <a href="#Page_215">215</a>
+Ruff.............................. <a href="#Page_156">156</a>
+Rynchopid&aelig;........................  <a href="#Page_58">58</a>
+Rynchops nigra....................  <a href="#Page_58">58</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Sage Hen.......................... <a href="#Page_188">188</a>
+Salpinctes obsoletus obsoletus.... <a href="#Page_424">424</a>
+  guadeloupensis.................. <a href="#Page_424">424</a>
+Sanderling........................ <a href="#Page_151">151</a>
+Sandpiper, Aleutian............... <a href="#Page_146">146</a>
+  Baird........................... <a href="#Page_148">148</a>
+  Buff-breasted................... <a href="#Page_158">158</a>
+  Curlew.......................... <a href="#Page_149">149</a>
+  Green........................... <a href="#Page_155">155</a>
+  Least........................... <a href="#Page_148">148</a>
+  Pectoral........................ <a href="#Page_147">147</a>
+  Pribilof........................ <a href="#Page_147">147</a>
+  Purple.......................... <a href="#Page_146">146</a>
+  Red-backed...................... <a href="#Page_149">149</a>
+  Semipalmated.................... <a href="#Page_150">150</a>
+  Sharp-tailed.................... <a href="#Page_147">147</a>
+  Solitary........................ <a href="#Page_154">154</a>
+  Spoonbill....................... <a href="#Page_150">150</a>
+  Spotted......................... <a href="#Page_158">158</a>
+  Stilt........................... <a href="#Page_145">145</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_151">151</a>
+  Western Solitary................ <a href="#Page_155">155</a>
+  White-rumped.................... <a href="#Page_148">148</a>
+Sapsucker, Northern Red-breasted.. <a href="#Page_255">255</a>
+  Red-breasted.................... <a href="#Page_255">255</a>
+  Red-naped....................... <a href="#Page_254">254</a>
+  Williamson's.................... <a href="#Page_255">255</a>
+  Yellow-bellied.................. <a href="#Page_254">254</a>
+Saxicola &oelig;nanthe &oelig;nanthe.......... <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+          "  leucorhoa............ <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+Sayornis nigricans................ <a href="#Page_289">289</a>
+  ph&oelig;be........................... <a href="#Page_287">287</a>
+  sayus........................... <a href="#Page_289">289</a>
+Scardafella inca.................. <a href="#Page_196">196</a>
+Scolopacid&aelig;....................... <a href="#Page_140">140</a>
+Scolopax rusticola................ <a href="#Page_140">140</a>
+Scoter............................ <a href="#Page_104">104</a>
+  Surf............................ <a href="#Page_105">105</a>
+  Velvet.......................... <a href="#Page_105">105</a>
+  White-winged.................... <a href="#Page_105">105</a>
+Scotiaptex nebulosa lapponica..... <a href="#Page_232">232</a>
+            " nebulosa............ <a href="#Page_231">231</a>
+Seed-eater, Sharpe's.............. <a href="#Page_368">368</a>
+Seiurus aurocapillus.............. <a href="#Page_407">407</a>
+  motacilla....................... <a href="#Page_409">409</a>
+  noveboracensis noveboracensis... <a href="#Page_409">409</a>
+    " notabilis................... <a href="#Page_409">409</a>
+Selasphorus alleni................ <a href="#Page_276">276</a>
+  platycercus..................... <a href="#Page_276">276</a>
+  rufus........................... <a href="#Page_277">277</a>
+Steophaga picta................... <a href="#Page_417">417</a>
+  ruticilla....................... <a href="#Page_415">415</a>
+Shearwater, Allied................  <a href="#Page_65">65</a>
+  Audubon's........................ <a href="#Page_65">65</a>
+  Black-tailed..................... <a href="#Page_66">66</a>
+  Black-vented..................... <a href="#Page_65">65</a>
+  Cory's........................... <a href="#Page_64">64</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_467" id="Page_467"></a> 467
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Greater.........................  <a href="#Page_64">64</a>
+  Manx............................  <a href="#Page_64">64</a>
+  Pink-footed.....................  <a href="#Page_65">65</a>
+  Slender-billed..................  <a href="#Page_66">66</a>
+  Sooty...........................  <a href="#Page_66">66</a>
+  Townsend's......................  <a href="#Page_65">65</a>
+  Wedge-tailed....................  <a href="#Page_66">66</a>
+Sheldrake, Ruddy..................  <a href="#Page_93">93</a>
+Shoveller.........................  <a href="#Page_94">94</a>
+Shrike, California................ <a href="#Page_378">378</a>
+  Island.......................... <a href="#Page_378">378</a>
+  Loggerhead...................... <a href="#Page_376">376</a>
+  Northern........................ <a href="#Page_376">376</a>
+  White-rumped.................... <a href="#Page_378">378</a>
+Sialia currucoides................ <a href="#Page_450">450</a>
+  mexicana anabel&aelig;................ <a href="#Page_450">450</a>
+    " bairdi...................... <a href="#Page_450">450</a>
+    "  occidentalis............... <a href="#Page_450">450</a>
+  sialis sialis................... <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+    " fulva....................... <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+Siskin, Pine...................... <a href="#Page_332">332</a>
+Sitta canadensis.................. <a href="#Page_432">432</a>
+  carolinensis carolinensis....... <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+    "   aculeata.................. <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+    " atkinsi..................... <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+    " lagun&aelig;...................... <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+    " nelsoni..................... <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+  pusilla......................... <a href="#Page_432">432</a>
+  pygm&aelig;a pygm&aelig;a................... <a href="#Page_432">432</a>
+    " leuconucha.................. <a href="#Page_433">433</a>
+Sittid&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_431">431</a>
+Skimmer, Black....................  <a href="#Page_58">58</a>
+Skua..............................  <a href="#Page_36">36</a>
+Skylark........................... <a href="#Page_297">297</a>
+Snakebird.........................  <a href="#Page_77">77</a>
+Snipe, European................... <a href="#Page_140">140</a>
+  Great........................... <a href="#Page_143">143</a>
+  Wilson's........................ <a href="#Page_143">143</a>
+Solitaire, Townsend's............. <a href="#Page_442">442</a>
+Somateria dresseri................ <a href="#Page_103">103</a>
+  mollissima borealis............. <a href="#Page_102">102</a>
+  spectabilis..................... <a href="#Page_104">104</a>
+  v-nigra......................... <a href="#Page_103">103</a>
+Sora.............................. <a href="#Page_133">133</a>
+Sparrow, Acadian Sharp-tailed..... <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+  Alameda Song.................... <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+  Aleutian Song................... <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+  Bachman's....................... <a href="#Page_352">352</a>
+  Baird's......................... <a href="#Page_338">338</a>
+  Belding's....................... <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+  Bell's.......................... <a href="#Page_351">351</a>
+  Black-chinned................... <a href="#Page_348">348</a>
+  Black-throated.................. <a href="#Page_351">351</a>
+  Botteri's....................... <a href="#Page_352">352</a>
+  Brewer's........................ <a href="#Page_346">346</a>
+  Brown's Song.................... <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+  Bryant's........................ <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Cassin's........................ <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+  Chipping........................ <a href="#Page_345">345</a>
+  Clay-colored.................... <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+  Dakota Song..................... <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+  Desert.......................... <a href="#Page_351">351</a>
+  Desert Song..................... <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+  Dusky Seaside................... <a href="#Page_342">342</a>
+  English......................... <a href="#Page_335">335</a>
+  Field........................... <a href="#Page_348">348</a>
+  Florida Grasshopper............. <a href="#Page_340">340</a>
+  Forbush's....................... <a href="#Page_356">356</a>
+  Fox............................. <a href="#Page_356">356</a>
+  Gambel's........................ <a href="#Page_343">343</a>
+Golden-crowned.................... <a href="#Page_343">343</a>
+  Grasshopper..................... <a href="#Page_338">338</a>
+  Gray Sage....................... <a href="#Page_352">352</a>
+  Harris's........................ <a href="#Page_342">342</a>
+  Heermann's Song................. <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+  Henslow's....................... <a href="#Page_340">340</a>
+  Ipswich......................... <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+  Kadiak Fox...................... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+  Kenai Song...................... <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+  Laguna.......................... <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+  Large-billed.................... <a href="#Page_338">338</a>
+  Lark............................ <a href="#Page_342">342</a>
+  Leconte's....................... <a href="#Page_340">340</a>
+  Lincoln's....................... <a href="#Page_356">356</a>
+  Louisiana Seaside............... <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+Macgillivray's Seaside............ <a href="#Page_342">342</a>
+  Merrill's Song.................. <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+  Mountain Song................... <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+  Nelson's........................ <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+  Nuttall's....................... <a href="#Page_343">343</a>
+  Oregon Vesper................... <a href="#Page_335">335</a>
+  Pine Woods...................... <a href="#Page_352">352</a>
+  Rock............................ <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+  Rufous-crowned.................. <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+  Rufous-winged................... <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+  Rusty Song...................... <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+  Sage............................ <a href="#Page_352">352</a>
+  Samuel's Song................... <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+  San Benito...................... <a href="#Page_338">338</a>
+  San Clemente Song............... <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+  San Diego Song.................. <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+  San Lucas....................... <a href="#Page_338">338</a>
+  Santa Barbara Song.............. <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+  Savannah........................ <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+  Scott's......................... <a href="#Page_353">353</a>
+  Scott's Seaside................. <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+  Seaside......................... <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+  Sharp-tailed.................... <a href="#Page_340">340</a>
+  Shumagin Fox.................... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+  Slate-colored Fox............... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+  Song............................ <a href="#Page_354">354</a>
+  Sooty Fox....................... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+  Sooty Song...................... <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+  Stephen's Fox................... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_468" id="Page_468"></a> 468
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Swamp........................... <a href="#Page_356">356</a>
+  Texas........................... <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+  Texas Seaside................... <a href="#Page_341">341</a>
+  Thick-billed Fox................ <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+  Townsend's Fox.................. <a href="#Page_357">357</a>
+  Tree............................ <a href="#Page_345">345</a>
+  Vesper.......................... <a href="#Page_335">335</a>
+  Western Chipping................ <a href="#Page_346">346</a>
+  Western Field................... <a href="#Page_348">348</a>
+  Western Grasshopper............. <a href="#Page_338">338</a>
+  Western Henslow's............... <a href="#Page_340">340</a>
+  Western Lark.................... <a href="#Page_342">342</a>
+  Western Savannah................ <a href="#Page_337">337</a>
+  Western Tree.................... <a href="#Page_345">345</a>
+  Western Vesper.................. <a href="#Page_335">335</a>
+  White-crowned................... <a href="#Page_343">343</a>
+  White-throated.................. <a href="#Page_345">345</a>
+  Worthen's....................... <a href="#Page_348">348</a>
+  Yakutat Song.................... <a href="#Page_355">355</a>
+Spatula clypeata..................  <a href="#Page_94">94</a>
+Speotyto cunicularia floridana.... <a href="#Page_239">239</a>
+          " hypog&aelig;a............... <a href="#Page_238">238</a>
+Sphyrapicus ruber ruber........... <a href="#Page_255">255</a>
+             " notkensis.......... <a href="#Page_255">255</a>
+  thyroideus...................... <a href="#Page_255">255</a>
+  varius varius................... <a href="#Page_254">254</a>
+    " nuchalis.................... <a href="#Page_254">254</a>
+Spinus notatus.................... <a href="#Page_331">331</a>
+  pinus........................... <a href="#Page_332">332</a>
+Spiza americana................... <a href="#Page_368">368</a>
+Spirella atrogularis.............. <a href="#Page_348">348</a>
+  breweri......................... <a href="#Page_346">346</a>
+  monticola monticola............. <a href="#Page_345">345</a>
+    "  ochracea................... <a href="#Page_345">345</a>
+  passerina arizon&aelig;............... <a href="#Page_346">346</a>
+    "  passerina.................. <a href="#Page_345">345</a>
+  pallida......................... <a href="#Page_346">346</a>
+  pusilla pusilla................. <a href="#Page_348">348</a>
+    " arenacea.................... <a href="#Page_348">348</a>
+    " arizon&aelig;..................... <a href="#Page_346">346</a>
+  wortheni........................ <a href="#Page_348">348</a>
+Spoonbill, Roseate................ <a href="#Page_115">115</a>
+Sporophila morelleti sharpei...... <a href="#Page_368">368</a>
+Squatarola squatarola............. <a href="#Page_161">161</a>
+Starling.......................... <a href="#Page_314">314</a>
+Starn&oelig;nas cyanocephala............ <a href="#Page_196">196</a>
+Steganopodes......................  <a href="#Page_72">72</a>
+Stegonopus tricolor............... <a href="#Page_138">138</a>
+Stelgidopteryx serripennis........ <a href="#Page_374">374</a>
+Stellula calliope................. <a href="#Page_278">278</a>
+Stercorariid&aelig;.....................  <a href="#Page_35">35</a>
+Stercorarius longicaudus..........  <a href="#Page_37">37</a>
+  parasiticus.....................  <a href="#Page_37">37</a>
+  pomarinus.......................  <a href="#Page_36">36</a>
+Sterna aleutica...................  <a href="#Page_54">54</a>
+  an&aelig;theta........................  <a href="#Page_56">56</a>
+  antillarum......................  <a href="#Page_55">55</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  caspia..........................  <a href="#Page_50">50</a>
+  dougalli........................  <a href="#Page_54">54</a>
+  elegans.........................  <a href="#Page_51">51</a>
+  forsteri........................  <a href="#Page_53">53</a>
+  fuscata.........................  <a href="#Page_55">55</a>
+  hirundo.........................  <a href="#Page_53">53</a>
+  maxima..........................  <a href="#Page_51">51</a>
+  paradis&aelig;a.......................  <a href="#Page_54">54</a>
+  sandvicensis acuflavida.........  <a href="#Page_52">52</a>
+  trudeaui........................  <a href="#Page_52">52</a>
+Stilt, Black-necked............... <a href="#Page_139">139</a>
+Stint, Long-toed.................. <a href="#Page_149">149</a>
+Strigid&aelig;.......................... <a href="#Page_227">227</a>
+Strix occidentalis caurina........ <a href="#Page_231">231</a>
+        " occidentalis............ <a href="#Page_231">231</a>
+  varia allogilva................. <a href="#Page_231">231</a>
+    " alleni...................... <a href="#Page_229">229</a>
+    " varia....................... <a href="#Page_229">229</a>
+Sturnella magna magna............. <a href="#Page_317">317</a>
+           " argutula............. <a href="#Page_319">319</a>
+           " hoopesi.............. <a href="#Page_317">317</a>
+           " neglecta............. <a href="#Page_319">319</a>
+Sturnid&aelig;.......................... <a href="#Page_314">314</a>
+Sturnus vulgaris.................. <a href="#Page_314">314</a>
+Sula bassana......................  <a href="#Page_76">76</a>
+  brewsteri.......................  <a href="#Page_75">75</a>
+  cyanops.........................  <a href="#Page_74">74</a>
+  leucogactra.....................  <a href="#Page_75">75</a>
+  nebouxi.........................  <a href="#Page_74">74</a>
+  piscator........................  <a href="#Page_75">75</a>
+Sulid&aelig;............................  <a href="#Page_74">74</a>
+Surf Bird......................... <a href="#Page_169">169</a>
+Sunia ulula ulula................. <a href="#Page_237">237</a>
+       " caparoch................. <a href="#Page_238">238</a>
+Swallow, Bahama................... <a href="#Page_374">374</a>
+  Bank............................ <a href="#Page_374">374</a>
+  Barn............................ <a href="#Page_373">373</a>
+  Cliff........................... <a href="#Page_372">372</a>
+  Cuban Cliff..................... <a href="#Page_373">373</a>
+  Mexican Cliff................... <a href="#Page_373">373</a>
+  Northern Violet-green........... <a href="#Page_374">374</a>
+  Rough-winged.................... <a href="#Page_374">374</a>
+  San Lucas....................... <a href="#Page_374">374</a>
+  Tree............................ <a href="#Page_373">373</a>
+Swallow-tailed Kite............... <a href="#Page_201">201</a>
+Swan, Trumpeter................... <a href="#Page_114">114</a>
+  Whistling....................... <a href="#Page_114">114</a>
+  Whooping........................ <a href="#Page_114">114</a>
+Swift, Black...................... <a href="#Page_268">268</a>
+  Chimney......................... <a href="#Page_269">269</a>
+  Vaux's.......................... <a href="#Page_270">270</a>
+  White-throated.................. <a href="#Page_270">270</a>
+Slyviid&aelig;.......................... <a href="#Page_433">433</a>
+Sylthliboramphus antiquus.........  <a href="#Page_26">26</a>
+  Tachycineta thalassina lepida... <a href="#Page_374">374</a>
+               "  brachyptera..... <a href="#Page_374">374</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_469" id="Page_469"></a> 469
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Tanager, Cooper's................. <a href="#Page_370">370</a>
+  Hepatic......................... <a href="#Page_370">370</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_369">369</a>
+  Scarlet......................... <a href="#Page_369">369</a>
+  Summer.......................... <a href="#Page_370">370</a>
+Tangarid&aelig;......................... <a href="#Page_369">369</a>
+Tangavius &aelig;neus involucratus...... <a href="#Page_315">315</a>
+Tattler, Wandering................ <a href="#Page_156">156</a>
+Teal, Blue-winged.................  <a href="#Page_93">93</a>
+  Cinnamon........................  <a href="#Page_93">93</a>
+  European........................  <a href="#Page_82">82</a>
+  Green-winged....................  <a href="#Page_92">92</a>
+Telmatodytes palustris............ <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+              " griseus........... <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+              " marian&aelig;........... <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+              " paludicola........ <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+              " plesius........... <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+              " palustris......... <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+  Tern, Aleutian..................  <a href="#Page_54">54</a>
+  Arctic..........................  <a href="#Page_54">54</a>
+  Black...........................  <a href="#Page_56">56</a>
+  Bridled.........................  <a href="#Page_56">56</a>
+  Cabot's.........................  <a href="#Page_52">52</a>
+  Caspian.........................  <a href="#Page_50">50</a>
+  Common..........................  <a href="#Page_53">53</a>
+  Elegant.........................  <a href="#Page_51">51</a>
+  Forster's.......................  <a href="#Page_53">53</a>
+  Gull-billed.....................  <a href="#Page_50">50</a>
+  Least...........................  <a href="#Page_55">55</a>
+  Roseate.........................  <a href="#Page_54">54</a>
+  Royal...........................  <a href="#Page_51">51</a>
+  Sooty...........................  <a href="#Page_55">55</a>
+  Trudeau's.......................  <a href="#Page_52">52</a>
+  White-winged Black..............  <a href="#Page_57">57</a>
+Thalassidroma pelagica............  <a href="#Page_68">68</a>
+Thalassogeron culminatus..........  <a href="#Page_60">60</a>
+Thrasher, Bendire's............... <a href="#Page_422">422</a>
+  Brown........................... <a href="#Page_421">421</a>
+  California...................... <a href="#Page_422">422</a>
+  Crissal......................... <a href="#Page_423">423</a>
+  Curve-billed.................... <a href="#Page_421">421</a>
+  Desert.........................  <a href="#Page_423">423</a>
+  Leconte's....................... <a href="#Page_423">423</a>
+  Mearns's........................ <a href="#Page_422">422</a>
+  Palmer's........................ <a href="#Page_422">422</a>
+  Sage............................ <a href="#Page_419">419</a>
+  San Lucas....................... <a href="#Page_422">422</a>
+  Sennett's....................... <a href="#Page_421">421</a>
+Thrush, Alaska Hermit............. <a href="#Page_445">445</a>
+  Audubon's Hermit................ <a href="#Page_445">445</a>
+  Bicknell's...................... <a href="#Page_443">443</a>
+  Dwarf Hermit.................... <a href="#Page_446">446</a>
+  Gray-cheeked.................... <a href="#Page_443">443</a>
+  Hermit.......................... <a href="#Page_446">446</a>
+  Olive-backed.................... <a href="#Page_445">445</a>
+  Northern Varied................. <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+  Red-winged...................... <a href="#Page_446">446</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Russet-backed................... <a href="#Page_443">443</a>
+  Varied.......................... <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+  Willow.......................... <a href="#Page_443">443</a>
+  Wood............................ <a href="#Page_442">442</a>
+Thryomanes bewicki bairdi......... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+  bewicki bewicki................. <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+   " calophonus................... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+    " charienturus................ <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+    " cryptus..................... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+    " spilurus.................... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+  brevicauda...................... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+  leucophrys...................... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+Thryothorus ludovicianus ludovi-
+        cianus.................... <a href="#Page_425">425</a>
+  ludovicianus lomitensis......... <a href="#Page_425">425</a>
+    "  miamensis.................. <a href="#Page_425">425</a>
+Tiaris bicolor.................... <a href="#Page_368">368</a>
+  canora.......................... <a href="#Page_368">368</a>
+Titlark........................... <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+Titmouse, Ashy.................... <a href="#Page_434">434</a>
+  Black-crested................... <a href="#Page_433">433</a>
+  Bridled......................... <a href="#Page_434">434</a>
+  Gray............................ <a href="#Page_434">434</a>
+  Plain........................... <a href="#Page_434">434</a>
+  Tufted.......................... <a href="#Page_433">433</a>
+Totanus flavipes.................. <a href="#Page_153">153</a>
+  melanoleucus.................... <a href="#Page_153">153</a>
+Towhee............................ <a href="#Page_358">358</a>
+  Abert's......................... <a href="#Page_361">361</a>
+  Anthony's....................... <a href="#Page_361">361</a>
+  Arctic.......................... <a href="#Page_358">358</a>
+  California...................... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  Canon........................... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  Green-tailed.................... <a href="#Page_361">361</a>
+  Guadalupe....................... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  Large-billed.................... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  Mountain........................ <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  Oregon.......................... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  San Clemente.................... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  San Diego....................... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  San Lucas....................... <a href="#Page_360">360</a>
+  Spurred......................... <a href="#Page_358">358</a>
+  White-eyed...................... <a href="#Page_358">358</a>
+Toxostima bendirei................ <a href="#Page_422">422</a>
+  cinereum cinereum............... <a href="#Page_422">422</a>
+    "  mearnsi.................... <a href="#Page_422">422</a>
+  crissale........................ <a href="#Page_423">423</a>
+  curvirostre curvirostre......... <a href="#Page_421">421</a>
+    "  palmeri.................... <a href="#Page_422">422</a>
+  lecontei lecontei............... <a href="#Page_423">423</a>
+  lecontei arenicola.............. <a href="#Page_423">423</a>
+  longirostre sennetti............ <a href="#Page_421">421</a>
+  redivivum....................... <a href="#Page_422">422</a>
+  rufum........................... <a href="#Page_421">421</a>
+Tree Duck, Black-bellied.......... <a href="#Page_113">113</a>
+  Fulvous......................... <a href="#Page_113">113</a>
+Tringa canutus.................... <a href="#Page_146">146</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_470" id="Page_470"></a> 470
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Trochilid&aelig;........................ <a href="#Page_271">271</a>
+Troglodytes a&euml;don a&euml;don........... <a href="#Page_427">427</a>
+             " parkmani........... <a href="#Page_427">427</a>
+Troglodytid&aelig;...................... <a href="#Page_423">423</a>
+Trogon ambiguus................... <a href="#Page_246">246</a>
+  Coppery-tailed.................. <a href="#Page_246">246</a>
+Trogonid&aelig;......................... <a href="#Page_246">246</a>
+Tropic Bird, Red-billed...........  <a href="#Page_73">73</a>
+  Red-tailed......................  <a href="#Page_73">73</a>
+  Yellow-billed...................  <a href="#Page_72">72</a>
+Troupial..........................
+Tryngites subruficollis........... <a href="#Page_158">158</a>
+Tubinares.........................  <a href="#Page_59">59</a>
+Turdid&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_442">442</a>
+Turdus musicus.................... <a href="#Page_446">446</a>
+Turkey, Florida................... <a href="#Page_191">191</a>
+  Merriam's....................... <a href="#Page_190">190</a>
+  Rio Grande...................... <a href="#Page_191">191</a>
+  Wild............................ <a href="#Page_190">190</a>
+Turnstone......................... <a href="#Page_169">169</a>
+  Black........................... <a href="#Page_170">170</a>
+  Ruddy........................... <a href="#Page_169">169</a>
+Tympanuchus americanus ameri-
+        canus..................... <a href="#Page_185">185</a>
+  americanus attwateri............ <a href="#Page_186">186</a>
+  cupido.......................... <a href="#Page_186">186</a>
+  pallidicinctus.................. <a href="#Page_187">187</a>
+Tyrannid&aelig;......................... <a href="#Page_280">280</a>
+Tyrannus dominicensis............. <a href="#Page_283">283</a>
+  melancholicus couchi............ <a href="#Page_283">283</a>
+  tyrannus........................ <a href="#Page_281">281</a>
+  verticalis...................... <a href="#Page_283">283</a>
+  vociferans...................... <a href="#Page_284">284</a>
+Uria lomvia lomvia................  <a href="#Page_30">30</a>
+      " arra......................  <a href="#Page_31">31</a>
+  troille troille.................  <a href="#Page_29">29</a>
+    " californica.................  <a href="#Page_30">30</a>
+Urubitinga anthracina............. <a href="#Page_213">213</a>
+Vanellus vanellus................. <a href="#Page_161">161</a>
+Veery............................. <a href="#Page_443">443</a>
+Verdin............................ <a href="#Page_439">439</a>
+  Cape............................ <a href="#Page_439">439</a>
+Vermivora bachmani................ <a href="#Page_387">387</a>
+  pinus........................... <a href="#Page_387">387</a>
+  celata celata................... <a href="#Page_389">389</a>
+    " lucescens................... <a href="#Page_389">389</a>
+    " sordida..................... <a href="#Page_390">390</a>
+  chrysoptera..................... <a href="#Page_388">388</a>
+  luci&aelig;........................... <a href="#Page_388">388</a>
+  peregrina....................... <a href="#Page_390">390</a>
+Vermivora rubricapella gutturalis. <a href="#Page_389">389</a>
+           " rubricapella......... <a href="#Page_389">389</a>
+  virgini&aelig;........................ <a href="#Page_388">388</a>
+Vireo, Anthony's.................. <a href="#Page_384">384</a>
+  atricapillus.................... <a href="#Page_383">383</a>
+  Bell's.......................... <a href="#Page_384">384</a>
+  belli belli..................... <a href="#Page_384">384</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  belli pusillus.................. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+  Bermuda......................... <a href="#Page_384">384</a>
+  Black-capped.................... <a href="#Page_383">383</a>
+  Black-whiskered................. <a href="#Page_378">378</a>
+  Blue-headed..................... <a href="#Page_382">382</a>
+  Cassin's........................ <a href="#Page_382">382</a>
+  griseus bermudianus............. <a href="#Page_384">384</a>
+    " maynardi.................... <a href="#Page_383">383</a>
+    " micrus...................... <a href="#Page_384">384</a>
+  Gray............................ <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+  Hutton's........................ <a href="#Page_384">384</a>
+  huttoni huttoni................. <a href="#Page_384">384</a>
+    " obscurus.................... <a href="#Page_384">384</a>
+    " stephensi................... <a href="#Page_384">384</a>
+  Key West........................ <a href="#Page_383">383</a>
+  Least........................... <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+  Mountain........................ <a href="#Page_383">383</a>
+  Philadelphia.................... <a href="#Page_380">380</a>
+  Plumbeous....................... <a href="#Page_382">382</a>
+  Red-eyed........................ <a href="#Page_380">380</a>
+  San Lucas....................... <a href="#Page_383">383</a>
+  Small White-eyed................ <a href="#Page_384">384</a>
+  Stephens's...................... <a href="#Page_383">383</a>
+  vicinior........................ <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+  Warbling........................ <a href="#Page_380">380</a>
+  Western Warbling................ <a href="#Page_382">382</a>
+  White-eyed...................... <a href="#Page_383">383</a>
+  Yellow-green.................... <a href="#Page_380">380</a>
+  Yellow-throated................. <a href="#Page_382">382</a>
+Vireonid&aelig;......................... <a href="#Page_378">378</a>
+Vireosylva calidris barbatula..... <a href="#Page_378">378</a>
+  flavoviridis.................... <a href="#Page_380">380</a>
+  gilva gilva..................... <a href="#Page_380">380</a>
+    " swainsoni................... <a href="#Page_382">382</a>
+  olivacea........................ <a href="#Page_380">380</a>
+  philadelphica................... <a href="#Page_380">380</a>
+Vulture, Black.................... <a href="#Page_199">199</a>
+  California...................... <a href="#Page_198">198</a>
+  Turkey.......................... <a href="#Page_199">199</a>
+Wagtail Alaska Yellow............. <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+  Swinhoe's....................... <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+  White........................... <a href="#Page_418">418</a>
+Warbler, Alaska Yellow............ <a href="#Page_392">392</a>
+  Audubon's....................... <a href="#Page_395">395</a>
+  Bachman's....................... <a href="#Page_387">387</a>
+  Bay-breasted.................... <a href="#Page_398">398</a>
+  Black and White................. <a href="#Page_385">385</a>
+  Blackburnian.................... <a href="#Page_399">399</a>
+  Black-fronted................... <a href="#Page_395">395</a>
+  Black-poll...................... <a href="#Page_399">399</a>
+  Black-throated Blue............. <a href="#Page_394">394</a>
+  Black-throated Gray............. <a href="#Page_402">402</a>
+  Black-throated Green............ <a href="#Page_403">403</a>
+  Blue-winged..................... <a href="#Page_387">387</a>
+  Cairns's........................ <a href="#Page_394">394</a>
+  Calaveras....................... <a href="#Page_389">389</a>
+  Canada.......................... <a href="#Page_415">415</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_471" id="Page_471"></a> 471
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Cape May........................ <a href="#Page_391">391</a>
+  Cerulean........................ <a href="#Page_396">396</a>
+  Chestnut-sided.................. <a href="#Page_398">398</a>
+  Connecticut..................... <a href="#Page_410">410</a>
+  Dusky........................... <a href="#Page_390">390</a>
+  Golden-cheeked.................. <a href="#Page_402">402</a>
+  Golden Pileolated............... <a href="#Page_415">415</a>
+  Golden-winged................... <a href="#Page_388">388</a>
+  Grace's......................... <a href="#Page_401">401</a>
+  Hermit.......................... <a href="#Page_405">405</a>
+  Hooded.......................... <a href="#Page_414">414</a>
+  Kennicott's Willow.............. <a href="#Page_439">439</a>
+  Kentucky........................ <a href="#Page_410">410</a>
+  Kirtland's...................... <a href="#Page_404">404</a>
+  Lucy's.......................... <a href="#Page_388">388</a>
+  Lutescent....................... <a href="#Page_389">389</a>
+  Macgillivray's.................. <a href="#Page_411">411</a>
+  Magnolia........................ <a href="#Page_396">396</a>
+  Mangrove........................ <a href="#Page_394">394</a>
+  Mourning........................ <a href="#Page_411">411</a>
+  Myrtle.......................... <a href="#Page_395">395</a>
+  Nashville....................... <a href="#Page_389">389</a>
+  Northern Parula................. <a href="#Page_390">390</a>
+  Olive........................... <a href="#Page_391">391</a>
+  Orange-crowned.................. <a href="#Page_389">389</a>
+  Palm............................ <a href="#Page_405">405</a>
+  Parula.......................... <a href="#Page_390">390</a>
+  Pileolated...................... <a href="#Page_414">414</a>
+  Pine............................ <a href="#Page_405">405</a>
+  Prairie......................... <a href="#Page_407">407</a>
+  Prothonotary.................... <a href="#Page_386">386</a>
+  Red-faced....................... <a href="#Page_417">417</a>
+  Sennett's....................... <a href="#Page_391">391</a>
+  Sonora Yellow................... <a href="#Page_392">392</a>
+  Swainson's...................... <a href="#Page_386">386</a>
+  Sycamore........................ <a href="#Page_401">401</a>
+  Tennessee....................... <a href="#Page_390">390</a>
+  Townsend's...................... <a href="#Page_403">403</a>
+  Virginia's...................... <a href="#Page_388">388</a>
+  Wilson's........................ <a href="#Page_414">414</a>
+  Worm-eating..................... <a href="#Page_386">386</a>
+  Yellow.......................... <a href="#Page_392">392</a>
+  Yellow Palm..................... <a href="#Page_405">405</a>
+  Yellow-throated................. <a href="#Page_401">401</a>
+Water Thrush...................... <a href="#Page_409">409</a>
+  Grinnell's...................... <a href="#Page_409">409</a>
+  Louisiana....................... <a href="#Page_409">409</a>
+Water Turkey......................  <a href="#Page_77">77</a>
+Waxwing, Bohemian................. <a href="#Page_375">375</a>
+  Cedar........................... <a href="#Page_375">375</a>
+  Wheatear........................ <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+  Greenland....................... <a href="#Page_448">448</a>
+Whimbrel.......................... <a href="#Page_160">160</a>
+Whip-poor-will.................... <a href="#Page_263">263</a>
+  Stephens's...................... <a href="#Page_264">264</a>
+Widgeon, European.................  <a href="#Page_91">91</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Willet............................ <a href="#Page_155">155</a>
+  Western,........................ <a href="#Page_156">156</a>
+Wilsonia canadensis............... <a href="#Page_415">415</a>
+  citrina......................... <a href="#Page_414">414</a>
+  pusilla pusilla................. <a href="#Page_414">414</a>
+    " chryseola................... <a href="#Page_415">415</a>
+    " pileolata................... <a href="#Page_414">414</a>
+Woodcock.......................... <a href="#Page_140">140</a>
+ European......................... <a href="#Page_140">140</a>
+Woodpecker, Alaska Three-toed..... <a href="#Page_254">254</a>
+  Alpine Three-toed............... <a href="#Page_254">254</a>
+  Ant-eating...................... <a href="#Page_256">256</a>
+  Arctic Three-toed............... <a href="#Page_253">253</a>
+  Arizona......................... <a href="#Page_252">252</a>
+  Batchelder's.................... <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+  Cabanis's....................... <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+  California...................... <a href="#Page_257">257</a>
+  Downy........................... <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+  Gairdner's...................... <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+  Gila............................ <a href="#Page_258">258</a>
+  Golden-fronted.................. <a href="#Page_258">258</a>
+  Hairy........................... <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+  Harris's........................ <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+  Ivory-billed.................... <a href="#Page_249">249</a>
+  Lewis's......................... <a href="#Page_257">257</a>
+  Narrow-fronted.................. <a href="#Page_257">257</a>
+  Nelson's Downy.................. <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+  Northern Hairy.................. <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+  Northern Pileated............... <a href="#Page_256">256</a>
+  Nuttall's....................... <a href="#Page_252">252</a>
+  Pileated........................ <a href="#Page_255">255</a>
+  Queen Charlotte................. <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+  Red-bellied..................... <a href="#Page_257">257</a>
+  Red-cockaded.................... <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+  Red-headed...................... <a href="#Page_256">256</a>
+  Rocky Mountain Hairy............ <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+  San Lucas....................... <a href="#Page_252">252</a>
+  Southern Downy.................. <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+  Southern Hairy.................. <a href="#Page_250">250</a>
+  Texas........................... <a href="#Page_252">252</a>
+  Three-toed...................... <a href="#Page_253">253</a>
+  White-headed.................... <a href="#Page_253">253</a>
+  Willow.......................... <a href="#Page_251">251</a>
+Wren, Alaska...................... <a href="#Page_428">428</a>
+  Aleutian........................ <a href="#Page_428">428</a>
+  Baird's......................... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+  Bewick's........................ <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+  Bryant's Cactus................. <a href="#Page_424">424</a>
+  Cactus.......................... <a href="#Page_423">423</a>
+  Ca&ntilde;on........................... <a href="#Page_425">425</a>
+  Carolina........................ <a href="#Page_425">425</a>
+  Dotted Ca&ntilde;on.................... <a href="#Page_425">425</a>
+  Florida......................... <a href="#Page_425">425</a>
+  Guadalupe....................... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+  Guadalupe Rock.................. <a href="#Page_424">424</a>
+  House........................... <a href="#Page_427">427</a>
+  Kadiak Winter................... <a href="#Page_428">428</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="index">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_472" id="Page_472"></a> 472
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+  Lomita.......................... <a href="#Page_425">425</a>
+  Long-billed Marsh............... <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+  Marian's Marsh.................. <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+  Seattle......................... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+  Rock............................ <a href="#Page_424">424</a>
+  San Clemente ................... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+  Short-billed Marsh.............. <a href="#Page_428">428</a>
+  San Diego....................... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+  San Lucas Cactus................ <a href="#Page_424">424</a>
+  Texas .......................... <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+  Tule............................ <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+  Vigors's........................ <a href="#Page_426">426</a>
+  Western House................... <a href="#Page_427">427</a>
+  Western Marsh................... <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+  Western Winter.................. <a href="#Page_428">428</a>
+  White-throated ................. <a href="#Page_424">424</a>
+  Winter.......................... <a href="#Page_427">427</a>
+  Worthington's Marsh ............ <a href="#Page_429">429</a>
+Wren-tit ......................... <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+  Pallid ......................... <a href="#Page_437">437</a>
+Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus..... <a href="#Page_315">315</a>
+Xanthoura luxuosa glaucescens..... <a href="#Page_308">308</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 320px;">
+<pre>
+Xema sabini........................ <a href="#Page_49">49</a>
+Xenopicus albolarvatus ........... <a href="#Page_253">253</a>
+Yellow-legs ...................... <a href="#Page_153">153</a>
+  Greater ........................ <a href="#Page_153">153</a>
+Yellow-throat, Belding's.......... <a href="#Page_413">413</a>
+  Florida ........................ <a href="#Page_412">412</a>
+  Maryland ....................... <a href="#Page_412">412</a>
+  Pacific ........................ <a href="#Page_412">412</a>
+  Rio Grande...................... <a href="#Page_413">413</a>
+  Salt Marsh...................... <a href="#Page_412">412</a>
+  Western......................... <a href="#Page_412">412</a>
+Zamelodia ludoviciana............. <a href="#Page_365">365</a>
+  melanocephala................... <a href="#Page_365">365</a>
+Zenaida zenaida................... <a href="#Page_194">194</a>
+Zenaidura macroura carolinensis... <a href="#Page_193">193</a>
+Zonotrichia albicollis ........... <a href="#Page_345">345</a>
+  coronata ....................... <a href="#Page_343">343</a>
+  leucophrys leucophrys .......... <a href="#Page_343">343</a>
+    " gambeli .................... <a href="#Page_343">343</a>
+    " nuttalli.................... <a href="#Page_343">343</a>
+  querula ........................ <a href="#Page_342">342</a>
+</pre>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/474.png"></p>
+<br><br><br>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_473" id="Page_473"></a> 473
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/475.png"></p>
+
+<h1>Birds of Eastern North America</h1>
+
+<h4>By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.</h4>
+
+<p>The Bird Book of the year. It is authentic. The author KNOWS birds.
+He has studied them for thirty years--in the hand, for plumage, and in their
+haunts, for habits. He has studied them in their homes and has photographed
+hundreds as they were actually feeding their young. Besides being able to
+write about these things in an interesting and instructive manner, he is classed
+as one of the foremost bird artists in America. This rare combination of
+Artist-Author-Naturalist
+has produced, in "Birds of Eastern North America," the
+ultimate bird book.</p>
+
+<p>The technical descriptions aided by the pictures give perfect ideas of the
+plumage of adults and young.</p>
+
+<p>The descriptive text gives the important and characteristic features in the
+lives of the various species.</p>
+
+<p>The illustrations--well, there are 408 PICTURES IN NATURAL COLORS;
+they show practically every species, including male, female, and young when
+the plumages differ, and they are perfectly made by the best process.</p>
+
+<p>Bound in cloth, handsomely illuminated in gold; 464 pages (4&frac12; &times; 6&frac12;); 408
+colored illustrations; every bird described and pictured.</p>
+
+<p class="mid">$3.00 postpaid</p>
+
+<h1>Color Key To N. A. Birds</h1>
+
+<h4>By F. M. CHAPMAN and C. A. REED</h4>
+
+<p>This might well be called an illustrated dictionary of North American birds,
+the male of each species being shown in COLOR from pen and ink drawings.
+Uniform with Egg Book. 350 pages.</p>
+
+<p class="mid">$2.50 net</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+<br><br>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_474" id="Page_474"></a> 474
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/476.png"><br>
+<img alt="" src="images/476caption.png"></p>
+
+
+<h1>LAND BIRDS</h1>
+
+<h4>By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.</h4>
+
+<p>An illustrated, pocket text book that enables anyone to quickly identify any
+song or insectivorous bird found east of the Rocky Mountains. It describes
+their habits and peculiarities; tells you where to look for them and describes
+their nests, eggs and songs.</p>
+
+<p>EVERY BIRD IS SHOWN IN COLOR, including the females and young
+where the plumage differs, from watercolor drawings by the four-color process.
+The illustrations are the BEST, the MOST ACCURATE, and the MOST VALUABLE
+ever printed in a bird book.</p>
+
+<p>"LAND BIRDS" is the most popular and has the LARGEST SALE (over
+300,000 copies) of any bird book published in this country. It is used and recommended
+by our leading ornithologists and teachers. 230 pages.</p>
+
+<p class="mid">Bound in Cloth, 75c. net; in Leather, $1.00 net; postage 5c.</p>
+
+<hr class="short">
+
+<h1>WATER BIRDS</h1>
+
+<h4>By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.</h4>
+
+<p>This book is uniform in size and scope with LAND BIRDS. It includes all
+of the Water Birds, Game Birds and Birds of Prey, east of the Rockies. Each
+species is ILLUSTRATED IN COLOR from oil paintings; the bird, its habits
+and nesting habits are described.</p>
+
+<p>The pictures show more than 230 birds in color, every species found in our
+range. They exceed in number those in any other bird book. In quality they
+cannot be surpassed--exquisite gems, each with an attractive background, typical
+of the habits of the species.</p>
+
+<p>"LAND BIRDS" and "WATER BIRDS" are the only books, regardless of
+price, that describe and show in color every bird. 250 pages, neatly boxed.</p>
+
+<p class="mid">Bound in Cloth, $1.00 net; in Leather, $1.25 net; postage 5c.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_475" id="Page_475"></a> 475
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/477.png"></p>
+
+<h1>THE TREE GUIDE</h1>
+
+<h4>By JULIA ELLEN ROGERS</h4>
+
+<p class="mid">Author of "The Tree Book"</p>
+
+<p>The Tree Guide is uniform in style and size with the well known pocket
+Bird Guides which have become so universally popular. It contains illustrations
+(32 of them colored and many in black and white) and descriptions of
+every tree east of the Rocky Mountains. The descriptions include the range,
+the classification, the distinctive features such as flowers, leaves, fruit, etc.,
+and all other marks that lead to an easy identification of the tree. No detail
+that will help the student has been omitted and the small size of the volume,
+about the length and width of the hand, makes it convenient to carry. An
+ideal volume for expert naturalist or amateur for field work or even more
+exhaustive study.</p>
+
+<p>32 illustrations in color; many in black and white.<span
+class="rig">Cloth, net, $1.00. Leather, net, $1.25</span></p><br>
+
+<hr class="short">
+
+<h1>Animal Post Cards</h1>
+
+<p>We have been fortunate in securing from the well known artist, Harry F.
+Harvey, a number of his best paintings of our North American Wild Animals.
+These have been Faithfully reproduced in NATURAL COLORS, postcard size,
+and are by far, twenty-five of the best animal cards ever published.</p>
+
+<p class="mid">Ask your dealer for the "REED NATURE CARDS."<br>
+
+25 Animals, 25 Birds, 50 Wild Flowers.<br>
+
+ALL IN NATURAL COLORS</p>
+
+<p>If your dealer is out of them we will fill your order (postpaid).</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><b>25 Animals for 50c; 25 Birds for 25c; 50 Flowers for
+ 50c.</b></p>
+
+<p><b>Special</b>--The complete set of 100 accurately colored cards postpaid, $1.00.<br>
+
+<p>Send for list of Nature Books in Colors.</p>
+
+<p class="large"><b>CHAS. K. REED <span class="rig">WORCESTER, MASS.</span></b><br>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_476" id="Page_476"></a> 476
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/478.png"></p>
+
+<h4>BY</h4>
+
+<h4>CHESTER A. REED</h4>
+
+<p>The latest flower book. In a class by itself. Original, beautiful, compact,
+complete, interesting. Pictures 320 flowers, ALL IN COLOR. 450 pages.</p>
+
+<p class="mid"><b>Handsomely bound; boxed. $2.50 net; postage 15c</b></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_477" id="Page_477"></a> 477
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<h1>American Game Birds</h1>
+
+<p class="mid">By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.</p>
+<br>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 240px"><img alt="" src="images/479.png">
+</div>
+
+<p class="large">Over ONE HUNDRED SPECIES OF GAME
+BIRDS are faithfully depicted by the colored pictures
+and the text gives considerable idea of their
+habits and tells where they are to be found at
+different seasons of the year.</p>
+<br><br>
+
+<p class="large">This book is prepared especially at the request
+of a large number of sportsmen for a concise
+guide devoted solely to game birds and figuring
+all species.</p>
+<br><br>
+
+<p class="large">Remember that it is the ONLY book at any
+price that figures all these game birds in their
+proper colors. It is the real sportsmen's guide
+and companion. Nicely bound and boxed.</p>
+<br>
+
+<p class="mid">Price 60 cents; postage 5 cents</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_478" id="Page_478"></a> 478
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/480.png"></p>
+
+
+<h2>North American Birds' Eggs</h2>
+
+<h4>By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.</h4>
+
+<p>This is the only book on the market that gives illustrations of the eggs of
+all North American birds. Each egg is shown FULL SIZE, photographed
+directly from an authentic and well marked specimen. There are a great many
+full-page plates of nests and eggs in their natural situations.</p>
+
+<p>The habitat and habits of each bird are given.</p>
+
+<p>It is finely printed on the best of paper and handsomely bound in cloth.
+350 pages--6 &times; 9 inches.</p>
+
+<p class="mid">$2.50 net</p>
+
+<hr class="short">
+
+<h2>Nature Studies--In Field and Wood</h2>
+
+<h4>By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.</h4>
+
+<p>This book is destined to be one of the most important that the author has
+written. Absorbingly interesting in itself, yet its greatest value will lie in
+the fact that it will lead the reader to realize how blind he has been to the
+many wonderful things that are happening on every hand.</p>
+
+<p>The brook, the pond, the field, the woods, the swamps and even the back
+yards yield quantities of very interesting subjects for study. This book treats
+entertainingly of many of these interesting creatures, but its chief aim is to be
+an "awakener"--to arouse within the reader the desire to go out and verify
+some of the facts given, or to do some original investigation himself. Such
+studies develop the senses of perception and observation immensely, and the
+one who is "alive" to what is going on about him surely is better able to cope
+with all situations in life than one who sees nothing until it is forcibly brought
+to his attention.</p>
+
+<p>112 pages; size--5&frac12; &times; 7&frac12; in. 40 illustrations in color, and black and white.</p>
+
+<p class="mid">60c. net; postage 10c.</p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_479" id="Page_479"></a> 479
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/481.png"></p>
+
+<h2>Camera Studies of Wild Birds in Their Homes</h2>
+
+<h4>By CHESTER A. REED, B. S.</h4>
+
+<p>"CAMERA STUDIES" affords everyone an opportunity for a very intimate
+study of bird life. A good photograph of an event together with an interesting
+description of it is the next best thing to witnessing the event itself.</p>
+
+<p>"CAMERA STUDIES" has 250 photographs of events right in birds' home.
+These pictures are selected from the author's collection of over 2000 bird photographs,
+this being one of the best collections of pictures of free, living wild
+birds in existence.</p>
+
+<p>Many rare and interesting poses are faithfully shown by the camera. For
+instance, a pair of adult Chipping Sparrows, standing on a branch by the sides
+of their four young, are engaged in pulling apart a large worm that was too
+large to be given whole.</p>
+
+<p>The stories accompanying these pictures are as interesting as the photographs
+and above all they are all actual facts.</p>
+
+<p>300 pages, 5&frac12; &times; 7&frac12; in.; 250 photographs of living, wild birds.</p>
+
+<p class="mid">Handsomely bound in Cloth, $2.00 net; postage 20c.</p>
+
+<hr class="short">
+
+<h1>Western Bird Guide</h1>
+
+<p>This new book, a companion and uniform in size to the Bird and Flower
+Guides East of the Rockies, is much more complete and shows every species of
+bird, BOTH LAND AND WATER to be found IN THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS
+and westward to the PACIFIC COAST, and from Mexico north to the Arctic
+regions. EVERY BIRD IN NATURAL COLORS.</p>
+
+<p>320 of them are faithfully pictured, and the text gives the more prominent
+identifying features, as well as the habits, haunts and all about their nests and
+eggs. 256 pages, bound and neatly boxed.</p>
+
+<p class="mid">In Sock Cloth, $1.00 net; in Leather, $1.25 net; postage 5c.</p>
+
+<h3>CHAS. K. REED, WORCESTER, MASS.</h3>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<br><br>
+<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"
+ style="width: 800px; text-align: left;" summary="book">
+  <tbody>
+    <tr>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px;">
+Page <a name="Page_480" id="Page_480"></a> 480
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 640px;">
+
+<p class="mid"><img alt="" src="images/482.png"></p>
+
+
+<p>or equally good for the mountains, seashore or theatre, or whenever a large,
+clear image of an object is desired.</p>
+
+<p>We carefully examined more than a hundred makes of field glasses, to select
+the ones best adapted for bird study.</p>
+
+<p>We found one make that was superior to any other of the same price and
+equal optically, and nearly as well made as those costing three times as much.</p>
+
+<p>They magnify about three diameters, and have an unusually large field of
+vision or angle of view, making it easy to find a bird or keep him in sight.
+Price only $5.00 postpaid.</p>
+
+<p class="large"><b>CHAS. K. REED <span class="rig">WORCESTER, MASS.</span></b></p>
+      </td>
+      <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 80px; text-align: right;">
+
+      </td>
+    </tr>
+  </tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+<br><br>
+
+<div>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30000 ***</div>
+ </body>
+</html>
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author	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-14 19:53:06 -0700
committer	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-14 19:53:06 -0700
commit	ca84f94bdc7c21429da6bba8b51bce55aff4680a (patch)
tree	fbe3f51cc3b911cd920cdeb74765637de90c4b95 /30000-h