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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/2991-h.zip b/2991-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..722a43a --- /dev/null +++ b/2991-h.zip diff --git a/2991-h/2991-h.htm b/2991-h/2991-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..7a721f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/2991-h/2991-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,1415 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?> + +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" > + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en"> + <head> + <title> + Sir Francis Drake's Famous Voyage Round the World + </title> + <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> + + body { margin:5%; background:#faebd0; text-align:justify} + P { text-indent: 1em; margin-top: .25em; margin-bottom: .25em; } + H1,H2,H3,H4,H5,H6 { text-align: center; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } + hr { width: 50%; text-align: center;} + .foot { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -3em; font-size: 90%; } + blockquote {font-size: 97%; font-style: italic; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + .mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; padding: .5em; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 95%;} + .toc { margin-left: 10%; margin-bottom: .75em;} + .toc2 { margin-left: 20%;} + div.fig { display:block; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; } + div.middle { margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify; } + .figleft {float: left; margin-left: 0%; margin-right: 1%;} + .figright {float: right; margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 1%;} + .pagenum {display:inline; font-size: 70%; font-style:normal; + margin: 0; padding: 0; position: absolute; right: 1%; + text-align: right;} + pre { font-style: italic; font-size: 90%; margin-left: 10%;} + +</style> + </head> + <body> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Sir Francis Drake's Famous Voyage Round the +World, by Francis Pretty + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Sir Francis Drake's Famous Voyage Round the World + +Author: Francis Pretty + +Release Date: March 31, 2006 [EBook #2991] +Last Updated: February 7, 2013 + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR FRANCIS DRAKE *** + + + + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers; David Widger + + + + + +</pre> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <h1> + SIR FRANCIS DRAKE'S <br /> <br /> FAMOUS VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD + </h1> + <p> + <br /><br /> + </p> + <h2> + Narrative By Francis Pretty, + </h2> + <h3> + One Of Drake's Gentlemen At Arms. + </h3> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + PREPARER'S NOTE + This text was prepared from a 1910 edition, published by P F + Collier & Son Company, New York. +</pre> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + The FAMOUS VOYAGE of Sir FRANCIS DRAKE into the South Sea, and + therehence about the whole Globe of the Earth, begun in the year + of our Lord 1577. +</pre> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> + <p> + The 15th day of November, in the year of our Lord 1577, Master Francis + Drake, with a fleet of five ships and barks, and to the number of 164 men, + gentlemen and sailors, departed from Plymouth, giving out his pretended + voyage for Alexandria. But the wind falling contrary, he was forced the + next morning to put into Falmouth Haven, in Cornwall, where such and so + terrible a tempest took us, as few men have seen the like, and was indeed + so vehement that all our ships were like to have gone to wrack. But it + pleased God to preserve us from that extremity and to afflict us only for + that present with these two particulars: the mast of our Admiral, which + was the Pelican, was cut overboard for the safeguard of the ship, and the + Marigold was driven ashore, and somewhat bruised. For the repairing of + which damages we returned again to Plymouth; and having recovered those + harms, and brought the ships again to good state, we set forth the second + time from Plymouth, and set sail the 13th day of December following. + </p> + <p> + The 25th day of the same month we fell with the Cape Cantin, upon the + coast of Barbary; and coasting along, the 27th day we found an island + called Mogador, lying one mile distant from the main. Between which island + and the main we found a very good and safe harbour for our ships to ride + in, as also very good entrance, and void of any danger. On this island our + General erected a pinnace, whereof he brought out of England with him four + already framed. While these things were in doing, there came to the + water's side some of the inhabitants of the country, shewing forth their + flags of truce; which being seen of our General, he sent his ship's boat + to the shore to know what they would. They being willing to come aboard, + our men left there one man of our company for a pledge, and brought two of + theirs aboard our ship; which by signs shewed our General that the next + day they would bring some provision, as sheep, capons, and hens, and such + like. Whereupon our General bestowed amongst them some linen cloth and + shoes, and a javelin, which they very joyfully received, and departed for + that time. The next morning they failed not to come again to the water's + side. And our General again setting out our boat, one of our men leaping + over-rashly ashore, and offering friendly to embrace them, they set + violent hands on him, offering a dagger to his throat if he had made any + resistance; and so laying him on a horse carried him away. So that a man + cannot be too circumspect and wary of himself among such miscreants. Our + pinnace being finished, we departed from this place the 30th and last day + of December, and coasting along the shore we did descry, not contrary to + our expectation, certain <i>canters</i>, which were Spanish fishermen; to + whom we gave chase and took three of them. And proceeding further we met + with three carvels, and took them also. + </p> + <p> + The 17th day of January we arrived at Cape Blanco, where we found a ship + riding at anchor, within the Cape, and but two simple mariners in her. + Which ship we took and carried her further into the harbour, where we + remained four days; and in that space our General mustered and trained his + men on land in warlike manner, to make them fit for all occasions. In this + place we took of the fishermen such necessaries as we wanted, and they + could yield us; and leaving here one of our little barks, called the + Benedict, we took with us one of theirs which they called <i>canters</i>, + being of the burden of 40 tons or thereabouts. All these things being + finished we departed this harbour the 22nd of January, carrying along with + us one of the Portugal carvels, which was bound to the islands of Cape + Verde for salt, whereof good store is made in one of those islands. The + master or pilot of that carvel did advertise our General that upon one of + those islands, called Mayo, there was great store of dried <i>cabritos</i> + (goats), which a few inhabitants there dwelling did yearly make ready for + such of the king's ships as did there touch, being bound for his country + of Brazil or elsewhere. We fell with this island the 27th of January, but + the inhabitants would in no case traffic with us, being thereof forbidden + by the king's edict. Yet the next day our General sent to view the island, + and the likelihoods that might be there of the provision of victuals, + about threescore and two men under the conduct and government of Master + Winter and Master Doughty. And marching towards the chief place of + habitation in this island (as by the Portugal we were informed), having + travelled to the mountains the space of three miles, and arriving there + somewhat before the daybreak, we arrested ourselves, to see day before us. + Which appearing, we found the inhabitants to be fled; but the place, by + reason that it was manured, we found to be more fruitful than the other + part, especially the valleys among the hills. + </p> + <p> + Here we gave ourselves a little refreshing, as by very ripe and sweet + grapes, which the fruitfulness of the earth at that season of winter, it + may seems strange that those fruits were then there growing. But the + reason thereof is this, because they being between the tropic and the + equinoctial, the sun passeth twice in the year through their zenith over + their heads, by means whereof they have two summers; and being so near the + heat of the line they never lose the heat of the sun so much, but the + fruits have their increase and continuance in the midst of winter. The + island is wonderfully stored with goats and wild hens; and it hath salt + also, without labour, save only that the people gather it into heaps; + which continually in greater quantity is increased upon the sands by the + flowing of the sea, and the receiving heat of the sun kerning the same. So + that of the increase thereof they keep a continual traffic with their + neighbours. + </p> + <p> + Amongst other things we found here a kind of fruit called <i>cocos</i>, + which because it is not commonly known with us in England, I thought good + to make some description of it. The tree beareth no leaves nor branches, + but at the very top the fruit groweth in clusters, hard at the top of the + stem of the tree, as big every several fruit as a man's head; but having + taken off the uttermost bark, which you shall find to be very full of + strings or sinews, as I may term them, you shall come to a hard shell, + which may hold a quantity of liquor a pint commonly, or some a quart, and + some less. Within that shell, of the thickness of half-an-inch good, you + shall have a kind of hard substance and very white, no less good and sweet + than almonds; within that again, a certain clear liquor which being drunk, + you shall not only find it very delicate and sweet, but most comfortable + and cordial. + </p> + <p> + After we had satisfied ourselves with some of these fruits, we marched + further into the island, and saw great store of <i>cabritos</i> alive, + which were so chased by the inhabitants that we could do no good towards + our provision; but they had laid out, as it were to stop our mouths + withal, certain old dried <i>cabritos</i>, which being but ill, and small + and few, we made no account of. Being returned to our ships, our General + departed hence the 31st of this month, and sailed by the island of + Santiago, but far enough from the danger of the inhabitants, who shot and + discharged at us three pieces; but they all fell short of us, and did us + no harm. The island is fair and large, and, as it seemeth, rich and + fruitful, and inhabited by the Portugals; but the mountains and high + places of the island are said to be possessed by the Moors, who having + been slaves to the Portugals, to ease themselves, made escape to the + desert places of the island, where they abide with great strength. Being + before this island, we espied two ships under sail, to the one of which we + gave chase, and in the end boarded her with a ship-boat without + resistance; which we found to be a good prize, and she yielded unto us + good store of wine. Which prize our General committed to the custody of + Master Doughty; and retaining the pilot, sent the rest away with his + pinnace, giving them a butt of wine and some victuals, and their wearing + clothes, and so they departed. The same night we came with the island + called by the Portugals <i>Ilha do Fogo</i>, that is, the burning island; + in the north side whereof is a consuming fire. The matter is said to be of + sulphur, but, notwithstanding, it is like to be a commodious island, + because the Portugals have built, and do inhabit there. Upon the south + side thereof lieth a most pleasant and sweet island, the trees whereof are + always green and fair to look upon; in respect whereof they call it <i>Ilha + Brava</i>, that is, the brave island. From the banks thereof into the sea + do run in many places reasonable streams of fresh water easy to come by, + but there was no convenient road for our ships; for such was the depth + that no ground could be had for anchoring. And it is reported that ground + was never found in that place; so that the tops of <i>Fogo</i> burn not so + high in the air, but the roots of <i>Brava</i> are quenched as low in the + sea. + </p> + <p> + Being departed from these islands, we drew towards the line, where we were + becalmed the space of three weeks, but yet subject to divers great storms, + terrible lightnings and much thunder. But with this misery we had the + commodity of great store of fish, as dolphins, bonitos, and flying-fishes, + whereof some fell into our ships; wherehence they could not rise again for + want of moisture, for when their wings are dry they cannot fly. + </p> + <p> + From the first day of our departure from the islands of Cape Verde, we + sailed 54 days without sight of land. And the first land that we fell with + was the coast of Brazil, which we saw the fifth of April, in the height of + 33 degrees towards the pole Antarctic. And being discovered at sea by the + inhabitants of the country, they made upon the coast great fires for a + sacrifice (as we learned) to the devils; about which they use + conjurations, making heaps of sand, and other ceremonies, that when any + ship shall go about to stay upon their coast, not only sands may be + gathered together in shoals in every place, but also that storms and + tempests may arise, to the casting away of ships and men, whereof, as it + is reported, there have been divers experiments. + </p> + <p> + The 7th day in a mighty great storm, both of lightning, rain, and thunder, + we lost the canter, which we called the Christopher. But the eleventh day + after, by our General's great care in dispersing his ships, we found her + again, and the place where we met our General called the Cape of Joy, + where every ship took in some water. Here we found a good temperature and + sweet air, a very fair and pleasant country with an exceeding fruitful + soil, where were great store of large and mighty deer, but we came not to + the sight of any people; but travelling further into the country we + perceived the footing of people in the clay ground, shewing that they were + men of great stature. Being returned to our ships we weighed anchor, and + ran somewhat further, and harboured ourselves between the rock and the + main; where by means of the rock that brake the force of the sea, we rid + very safe. And upon this rock we killed for our provision certain + sea-wolves, commonly called with us seals. From hence we went our course + to 36 degrees, and entered the great river of Plate, and ran into 54 and + 53 1/2 fathoms of fresh water, where we filled our water by the ship's + side; but our General finding here no good harborough, as he thought he + should, bare out again to sea the 27th of April, and in bearing out we + lost sight of our fly-boat wherein Master Doughty was. But we, sailing + along, found a fair and reasonable good bay, wherein were many and the + same profitable islands; one whereof had so many seals as would at the + least have laden all our ships, and the rest of the islands are, as it + were, laden with fowls, which is wonderful to see, and they of divers + sorts. It is a place very plentiful of victuals, and hath in it no want of + fresh water. Our General, after certain days of his abode in this place, + being on shore in an island, the people of the country shewed themselves + unto him, leaping and dancing, and entered into traffic with him, but they + would not receive anything at any man's hands, but the same must be cast + upon the ground. They are of clean, comely, and strong bodies, swift on + foot, and seem to be very active. + </p> + <p> + The 18th of May, our General thought it needful to have a care of such + ships as were absent; and therefore endeavouring to seek the fly-boat + wherein Master Doughty was, we espied her again the next day. And whereas + certain of our ships were sent to discover the coast and to search an + harbour, the Marigold and the canter being employed in that business, came + unto us and gave us understanding of a safe harbour that they had found. + Wherewith all our ships bare, and entered it; where we watered and made + new provision of victuals, as by seals, whereof we slew to the number of + 200 or 300 in the space of an hour. Here our General in the Admiral rid + close aboard the fly-boat, and took out of her all the provision of + victuals and what else was in her, and hauling her to the land, set fire + to her, and so burnt her to save the iron work. Which being a-doing, there + came down of the country certain of the people naked, saving only about + their waist the skin of some beast, with the fur or hair on, and something + also wreathed on their heads. Their faces were painted with divers + colours, and some of them had on their heads the similitude of horns, + every man his bow, which was an ell in length, and a couple of arrows. + They were very agile people and quick to deliver, and seemed not to be + ignorant in the feats of wars, as by their order of ranging a few men + might appear. These people would not of a long time receive anything at + our hands; yet at length our General being ashore, and they dancing after + their accustomed manner about him, and he once turning his back towards + them, one leaped suddenly to him, and took his cap with his gold band off + his head, and ran a little distance from him, and shared it with his + fellow, the cap to one and the band to the other. Having despatched all + our business in this place, we departed and set sail. And immediately upon + our setting forth we lost our canter, which was absent three or four days; + but when our General had her again, he took out the necessaries, and so + gave her over, near to the Cape of Good Hope. The next day after, being + the 20th of June, we harboured ourselves again in a very good harborough, + called by Magellan, Port St. Julian, where we found a gibbet standing upon + the main; which we supposed to be the place where Magellan did execution + upon some of his disobedient and rebellious company. + </p> + <p> + The two and twentieth day our General went ashore to the main, and in his + company John Thomas, and Robert Winterhie, Oliver the master-gunner, John + Brewer, Thomas Hood, and Thomas Drake. And entering on land, they + presently met with two or three of the country people. And Robert + Winterhie having in his hands a bow and arrows, went about to make a shoot + of pleasure, and, in his draught, his bowstring brake; which the rude + savages taking as a token of war, began to bend the force of their bows + against our company, and drove them to their shifts very narrowly. + </p> + <p> + In this port our General began to enquire diligently of the actions of + Master Thomas Doughty, and found them not to be such as he looked for, but + tending rather of contention or mutiny, or some other disorder, whereby, + without redress, the success of the voyage might greatly have been + hazarded. Whereupon the company was called together and made acquainted + with the particulars of the cause, which were found, partly by Master + Doughty's own confession, and partly by the evidence of the fact, to be + true. Which when our General saw, although his private affection to Master + Doughty, as he then in the presence of us all sacredly protested, was + great, yet the care he had of the state of the voyage, of the expectation + of her Majesty, and of the honour of his country did more touch him, as + indeed it ought, than the private respect of one man. So that the cause + being thoroughly heard, and all things done in good order as near as might + be to the course of our laws in England, it was concluded that Master + Doughty should receive punishment according to the quality of the offence. + And he, seeing no remedy but patience for himself, desired before his + death to receive the communion, which he did at the hands of Master + Fletcher, our minister, and our General himself accompanied him in that + holy action. Which being done, and the place of execution made ready, he + having embraced our General, and taken his leave of all the company, with + prayers for the Queen's Majesty and our realm, in quiet sort laid his head + to the block, where he ended his life. This being done, our General made + divers speeches to the whole company, persuading us to unity, obedience, + love, and regard of our voyage; and for the better confirmation thereof, + willed every many in the next Sunday following to prepare himself to the + communion, as Christian brethren and friends ought to do. Which was done + in very reverent sort; and so with good contentment every man went about + his business. + </p> + <p> + The 17th of August we departed the port of St. Julian, and the 20th day we + fell with the Strait of Magellan, going into the South Sea; at the cape or + headland whereof we found the body of a dead man, whose flesh was clean + consumed. The 21st day we entered the Strait, which we found to have many + turnings, and as it were shuttings-up, as if there were no passage at all. + By means whereof we had the wind often against us; so that some of the + fleet recovering a cape or point of land, others should be forced to turn + back again, and to come to an anchor where they could. In this Strait + there be many fair harbours, with store of fresh water. But yet they lack + their best commodity, for the water there is of such depth, that no man + shall find ground to anchor in except it be in some narrow river or + corner, or between some rocks; so that if any extreme blasts or contrary + winds do come, whereunto the place is much subject, it carrieth with it no + small danger. The land on both sides is very huge and mountainous; the + lower mountains whereof, although they be monstrous and wonderful to look + upon for their height, yet there are others which in height exceed them in + a strange manner, reaching themselves above their fellows so high, that + between them did appear three regions of clouds. These mountains are + covered with snow. At both the southerly and easterly parts of the Strait + there are islands, among which the sea hath his indraught into the + Straits, even as it hath in the main entrance of the frete. This Strait is + extreme cold, with frost and snow continually; the trees seem to stoop + with the burden of the weather, and yet are green continually, and many + good and sweet herbs do very plentifully grow and increase under them. The + breadth of the Strait is in some places a league, in some other places two + leagues and three leagues, and in some other four leagues; but the + narrowest place hath a league over. + </p> + <p> + The 24th of August we arrived at an island in the Straits, where we found + great store of fowl which could not fly, of the bigness of geese; whereof + we killed in less than one day 3,000, and victualled ourselves thoroughly + therewith. The 6th day of September we entered the South Sea at the cape + or head shore. The 7th day we were driven by a great storm from the + entering into the South Sea, 200 leagues and odd in longitude, and one + degree to the southward of the Strait; in which height, and so many + leagues to the westward, the 15th day of September, fell out the eclipse + of the moon at the hour of six of the clock at night. But neither did the + ecliptical conflict of the moon impair our state, nor her clearing again + amend us a whit; but the accustomed eclipse of the sea continued in his + force, we being darkened more than the moon sevenfold.[*] + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [*] In this storm the Marigold went down with all hands. +</pre> + <p> + From the bay which we called the Bay of Severing of Friends, we were + driven back to the southward of the Straits in 57 degrees and a tierce; in + which height we came to an anchor among the islands, having there fresh + and very good water, with herbs of singular virtue. Not far from hence we + entered another bay, where we found people, both men and women, in their + canoes naked, and ranging from one island to another to seek their meat; + who entered traffic with us for such things as they had. We returning + hence northward again, found the third of October three islands, in one of + which was such plenty of birds as is scant credible to report. The 8th day + of October we lost sight of one of our consorts,[*] wherein Master Winter + was; who, as then we supposed, was put by a storm into the Straits again. + Which at our return home we found to be true, and he not perished, as some + of our company feared. Thus being come into the height of the Straits + again, we ran, supposing the coast of Chili to lie as the general maps + have described it, namely north-west; which we found to lie and trend to + the north-east and eastwards. Whereby it appeareth that this part of Chili + hath not been truly hitherto discovered, or at the least not truly + reported, for the space of twelve degrees at the least; being set down + either of purpose to deceive, or of ignorant conjecture. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + [*] The Elizabeth. Winter, having slight of the Admiral, + sailed home. The Golden Hind was thus left to pursue her + voyage alone. +</pre> + <p> + We continuing our course, fell the 29th of November with an island called + La Mocha, where we cast anchor; and our General, hoisting out our boat, + went with ten of our company to shore. Where we found people whom the + cruel and extreme dealings of the Spaniards have forced, for their own + safety and liberty, to flee from the main, and to fortify themselves in + this island. We being on land, the people came down to us to the water + side with show of great courtesy, bringing to us potatoes, roots, and two + very fat sheep; which our General received, and gave them other things for + them, and had promised to have water there. But the next day repairing + again to the shore, and sending two men a-land with barrels to fill water, + the people taking them for Spaniards (to whom they use to show no favour + if they take them) laid violent hands on them, and, as we think, slew + them. Our General seeing this, stayed there no longer, but weighed anchor, + and set sail towards the coast of Chili. And drawing towards it, we met + near the shore an Indian in a <i>canoa</i>, who thinking us to have been + Spaniards, came to us and told us, that at a place called Santiago, there + was a great Spanish ship laden from the kingdom of Peru; for which good + news our General gave him divers trifles. Whereof he was glad, and went + along with us and brought us to the place, which is called the port of + Valparaiso. When we came thither we found, indeed, the ship riding at + anchor, having in her eight Spaniards and three negroes; who, thinking us + to have been Spaniards, and their friends, welcomed us with a drum, and + made ready a <i>botija</i> of wine of Chili to drink to us. But as soon as + we were entered, one of our company called Thomas Moon began to lay about + him, and struck one of the Spaniards, and said unto him, <i>Abaxo perro!</i> + that is in English, 'Go down, dog!' One of these Spaniards, seeing persons + of that quality in those seas, crossed and blessed himself. But, to be + short, we stowed them under hatches, all save one Spaniard, who suddenly + and desperately leapt overboard into the sea, and swam ashore to the town + of Santiago, to give them warning of our arrival. + </p> + <p> + They of the town, being not above nine households, presently fled away and + abandoned the town. Our General manned his boat and the Spanish ship's + boat, and went to the town; and, being come to it, we rifled it, and came + to a small chapel, which we entered, and found therein a silver chalice, + two cruets, and one altar-cloth, the spoil whereof our General gave to + Master Fletcher, his minister. We found also in this town a warehouse + stored with wine of Chili and many boards of cedar-wood; all which wine we + brought away with us, and certain of the boards to burn for firewood. And + so, being come aboard, we departed the haven, having first set all the + Spaniards on land, saving one John Griego, a Greek born, whom our General + carried with him as pilot to bring him into the haven of Lima. + </p> + <p> + When we were at sea our General rifled the ship, and found in her good + store of the wine of Chili, and 25,000 pesos of very pure and fine gold of + Valdivia, amounting in value to 37,000 ducats of Spanish money, and above. + So, going on our course, we arrived next at a place called Coquimbo, where + our General sent fourteen of his men on land to fetch water. But they were + espied by the Spaniards, who came with 300 horsemen and 200 footmen, and + slew one of our men with a piece. The rest came aboard in safety, and the + Spaniards departed. We went on shore again and buried our man, and the + Spaniards came down again with a flag of truce; but we set sail, and would + not trust them. From hence we went to a certain port called Tarapaca; + where, being landed, we found by the sea side a Spaniard lying asleep, who + had lying by him thirteen bars of silver, which weighed 4,000 ducats + Spanish. We took the silver and left the man. Not far from hence, going on + land for fresh water, we met with a Spaniard and an Indian boy driving + eight llamas or sheep of Peru, which are as big as asses; every of which + sheep had on his back two bags of leather, each bag containing 50 lb. + weight of fine silver. So that, bringing both the sheep and their burthen + to the ships, we found in all the bags eight hundred weight of silver. + </p> + <p> + Herehence we sailed to a place called Arica; and, being entered the port, + we found there three small barks, which we rifled, and found in one of + them fifty-seven wedges of silver, each of them weighing about 20 lb. + weight, and every of these wedges were of the fashion and bigness of a + brickbat. In all these three barks, we found not one person. For they, + mistrusting no strangers, were all gone a-land to the town, which + consisteth of about twenty houses; which we would have ransacked if our + company had been better and more in number. But our General, contented + with the spoil of the ships, left the town and put off again to sea, and + set sail for Lima, and, by the way, met with a small bark, which he + boarded, and found in her good store of linen cloth. Whereof taking some + quantity, he let her go. + </p> + <p> + To Lima we came the 13th of February; and, being entered the haven, we + found there about twelve sail of ships lying fast moored at an anchor, + having all their sails carried on shore; for the masters and merchants + were here most secure, having never been assaulted by enemies, and at this + time feared the approach of none such as we were. Our General rifled these + ships, and found in one of them a chest full of reals of plate, and good + store of silks and linen cloth; and took the chest into his own ship, and + good store of the silks and linen. In which ship he had news of another + ship called the Cacafuego, which was gone towards Payta, and that the same + ship was laden with treasure. Whereupon we stayed no longer here, but, + cutting all the cables of the ships in the haven, we let them drive wither + they would, either to sea or to the shore; and with all speed we followed + the Cacafuego toward Payta, thinking there to have found her. But before + we arrived there she was gone from thence towards Panama; whom our General + still pursued, and by the way met with a bark laden with ropes and tackle + for ships, which he boarded and searched, and found in her 80 lb. weight + of gold, and a crucifix of gold with goodly great emeralds set in it, + which he took, and some of the cordage also for his own ship. From hence + we departed, still following the Cacafuego; and our General promised our + company that whosoever should first descry her should have his chain of + gold for his good news. It fortuned that John Drake, going up into the + top, descried her about three of the clock. And about six of the clock we + came to her and boarded her, and shot at her three pieces of ordnance, and + strake down her mizen; and, being entered, we found in her great riches, + as jewels and precious stones, thirteen chests full of reals of plate, + fourscore pound weight of gold, and six-and-twenty ton of silver. The + place where we took this prize was called Cape de San Francisco, about 150 + leagues [south] from Panama. The pilot's name of this ship was Francisco; + and amongst other plate that our General found in this ship he found two + very fair gilt bowls of silver, which were the pilot's. To whom our + General said, <i>Senor Pilot, you have here two silver cups, but I must + needs have one of them</i>; which the pilot, because he could not + otherwise choose, yielded unto, and gave the other to the steward of our + General's ship. When this pilot departed from us, his boy said thus unto + our General: <i>Captain, our ship shall be called no more the Cacafuego, + but the Cacaplata, and your ship shall be called the Cacafuego</i>. Which + pretty speech of the pilot's boy ministered matter of laughter to us, both + then and long after. When our General had done what he would with this + Cacafuego, he cast her off, and we went on our course still towards the + west; and not long after met with a ship laden with linen cloth and fine + China dishes of white earth, and great store of China silks, of all which + things we took as we listed. The owner himself of this ship was in her, + who was a Spanish gentleman, from whom our General took a falcon of gold, + with a great emerald in the breast thereof; and the pilot of the ship he + took also with him, and so cast the ship off. + </p> + <p> + This pilot brought us to the haven of Guatulco, the town whereof, as he + told us, had but 17 Spaniards in it. As soon as we were entered this + haven, we landed, and went presently to the town and to the town-house; + where we found a judge sitting in judgment, being associated with three + other officers, upon three negroes that had conspired the burning of the + town. Both which judges and prisoners we took, and brought them + a-shipboard, and caused the chief judge to write his letter to the town to + command all the townsmen to avoid, that we might safely water there. Which + being done, and they departed, we ransacked the town; and in one house we + found a pot, of the quantity of a bushel, full of reals of plate, which we + brought to our ship. And here one Thomas Moon, one of our company, took a + Spanish gentleman as he was flying out of the town; and, searching him, he + found a chain of gold about him, and other jewels, which he took, and so + let him go. At this place our General, among other Spaniards, set ashore + his Portugal pilot which he took at the islands of Cape Verde out of a + ship of St. Mary port, of Portugal. And having set them ashore we departed + hence, and sailed to the island of Canno; where our General landed, and + brought to shore his own ship, and discharged her, mended and graved her, + and furnished our ship with water and wood sufficiently. + </p> + <p> + And while we were here we espied a ship and set sail after her, and took + her, and found in her two pilots and a Spanish governor, going for the + islands of the Philippinas. We searched the ship, and took some of her + merchandises, and so let her go. Our General at this place and time, + thinking himself, both in respect of his private injuries received from + the Spaniards, as also of their contempts and indignities offered to our + country and prince in general, sufficiently satisfied and revenged; and + supposing that her Majesty at his return would rest contented with this + service, purposed to continue no longer upon the Spanish coast, but began + to consider and to consult of the best way for his country. + </p> + <p> + He thought it not good to return by the Straits, for two special causes; + the one, lest the Spaniards should there wait and attend for him in great + number and strength, whose hands, he, being left but one ship, could not + possibly escape. The other cause was the dangerous situation of the mouth + of the Straits in the South Sea; where continual storms reigning and + blustering, as he found by experience, besides the shoals and sands upon + the coast, he thought it not a good course to adventure that way. He + resolved, therefore, to avoid these hazards, to go forward to the Islands + of the Malucos, and therehence to sail the course of the Portugals by the + Cape of Buena Esperanza. Upon this resolution he began to think of his + best way to the Malucos, and finding himself, where he now was, becalmed, + he saw that of necessity he must be forced to take a Spanish course; + namely, to sail somewhat northerly to get a good wind. We therefore set + sail, and sailed 600 leagues at the least for a good wind; and thus much + we sailed from the 16th of April till the third of June. + </p> + <p> + The fifth of June, being in 43 degrees towards the pole Arctic, we found + the air so cold, that our men being grievously pinched with the same, + complained of the extremity thereof; and the further we went, the more the + cold increased upon us. Whereupon we thought it best for that time to seek + the land, and did so; finding it not mountainous but low plain land, till + we came within 38 degrees towards the line. In which height it pleased God + to send us into a fair and good bay, with a good wind to enter the same. + In this bay we anchored; and the people of the country, having their + houses close by the water's side, shewed themselves unto us, and sent a + present to our General. When they came unto us, they greatly wondered at + the things that we brought. But our General, according to his natural and + accustomed humanity, courteously intreated them, and liberally bestowed on + them necessary things to cover their nakedness; whereupon they supposed us + to be gods, and would not be persuaded to the contrary. The presents which + they sent to our General, were feathers, and cauls of network. Their + houses are digged round about with earth, and have from the uttermost + brims of the circle, clifts of wood set upon them, joining close together + at the top like a spire steeple, which by reason of that closeness are + very warm. Their bed is the ground with rushes strowed on it; and lying + about the house, [they] have the fire in the midst. The men go naked; the + women take bulrushes, and kemb them after the manner of hemp, and thereof + make their loose garments, which being knit about their middles, hang down + about their hips, having also about their shoulders a skin of deer, with + the hair upon it. These women are very obedient and serviceable to their + husbands. + </p> + <p> + After they were departed from us, they came and visited us the second + time, and brought with them feathers and bags of <i>tabacco</i> for + presents. And when they came to the top of the hill, at the bottom whereof + we had pitched our tents, they stayed themselves; where one appointed for + speaker wearied himself with making a long oration; which done, they left + their bows upon the hill, and came down with their presents. In the + meantime the women, remaining upon the hill, tormented themselves + lamentably, tearing their flesh from their cheeks, whereby we perceived + that they were about a sacrifice. In the meantime our General with his + company went to prayer, and to reading of the Scriptures, at which + exercise they were attentive, and seemed greatly to be affected with it; + but when they were come unto us, they restored again unto us those things + which before we bestowed upon them. The news of our being there being + spread through the country, the people that inhabited round about came + down, and amongst them the king himself, a man of a goodly stature, and + comely personage, and with many other tall and warlike men; before whose + coming were sent two ambassadors to our General, to signify that their + king was coming, in doing of which message, their speech was continued + about half an hour. This ended, they by signs requested our General to + send something by their hand to their king, as a token that his coming + might be in peace. Wherein our General having satisfied them, they + returned with glad tidings to their king, who marched to us with a + princely majesty, the people crying continually after their manner; and as + they drew near unto us, so did they strive to behave themselves in their + actions with comeliness. In the fore-front was a man of goodly personage, + who bare the sceptre or mace before the king; whereupon hanged two crowns, + a less and a bigger, with three chains of a marvellous length. The crowns + were made of knit work, wrought artificially with feathers of divers + colours. The chains were made of a bony substance, and few be the persons + among them that are admitted to wear them; and of that number also the + persons are stinted, as some ten, some twelve, etc. Next unto him which + bare the sceptre, was the king himself, with his guard about his person, + clad with coney skins, and other skins. After them followed the naked + common sort of people, every one having his face painted, some with white, + some with black, and other colours, and having in their hands one thing or + another for a present. Not so much as their children, but they also + brought their presents. + </p> + <p> + In the meantime our General gathered his men together, and marched within + his fenced place, making, against their approaching, a very warlike show. + They being trooped together in their order, and a general salutation being + made, there was presently a general silence. Then he that bare the sceptre + before the king, being informed by another, whom they assigned to that + office, with a manly and lofty voice proclaimed that which the other spake + to him in secret, continuing half an hour. Which ended, and a general <i>Amen</i>, + as it were, given, the king with the whole number of men and women, the + children excepted, came down without any weapon; who, descending to the + foot of the hill, set themselves in order. In coming towards our bulwarks + and tents, the sceptre-bearer began a song, observing his measures in a + dance, and that with a stately countenance; whom the king with his guard, + and every degree of persons, following, did in like manner sing and dance, + saving only the women, which danced and kept silence. The General + permitted them to enter within our bulwark, where they continued their + song and dance a reasonable time. When they had satisfied themselves, they + made signs to our General to sit down; to whom the king and divers others + made several orations, or rather supplications, that he would take their + province and kingdom into his hand, and become their king, making signs + that they would resign unto him their right and title of the whole land, + and become his subjects. In which, to persuade us the better, the king and + the rest, with one consent, and with great reverence, joyfully singing a + song, did set the crown upon his head, enriched his neck with all their + chains, and offered him many other things, honouring him by the name of <i>Hioh</i>, + adding thereunto, as it seemed, a sign of triumph; which thing our General + thought not meet to reject, because he knew not what honour and profit it + might be to our country. Wherefore in the name, and to the use of her + Majesty, he took the sceptre, crown, and dignity of the said country into + his hands, wishing that the riches and treasure thereof might so + conveniently be transported to the enriching of her kingdom at home, as it + aboundeth in the same. + </p> + <p> + The common sort of people, leaving the king and his guard with our + General, scattered themselves together with their sacrifices among our + people, taking a diligent view of every person: and such as pleased their + fancy (which were the youngest), they enclosing them about offered their + sacrifices unto them with lamentable weeping, scratching and tearing their + flesh from their faces with their nails, whereof issued abundance of + blood. But we used signs to them of disliking this, and stayed their hands + from force, and directed them upwards to the living God, whom only they + ought to worship. They shewed unto us their wounds, and craved help of + them at our hands; whereupon we gave them lotions, plaisters, and + ointments agreeing to the state of their griefs, beseeching God to cure + their diseases. Every third day they brought their sacrifices unto us, + until they understood our meaning, that we had no pleasure in them; yet + they could not be long absent from us, but daily frequented our company to + the hour of our departure, which departure seemed so grievous unto them, + that their joy was turned into sorrow. They entreated us, that being + absent we would remember them, and by stealth provided a sacrifice, which + we misliked. + </p> + <p> + Our necessary business being ended, our General with his company travelled + up into the country to their villages, where we found herds of deer by a + thousand in a company, being most large, and fat of body. We found the + whole country to be a warren of a strange kind of coneys; their bodies in + bigness as be the Barbary coneys, their heads as the heads of ours, the + feet of a want [mole], and the tail of a rat, being of great length. Under + her chin is on either side a bag, into the which she gathereth her meat, + when she hath filled her belly abroad. The people eat their bodies, and + make great account of their skins, for their king's coat was made of them. + Our General called this country Nova Albion, and that for two causes; the + one in respect of the white banks and cliffs, which lie towards the sea, + and the other, because it might have some affinity with our country in + name, which sometime was so called. There is no part of earth here to be + taken up, wherein there is not some probable show of gold or silver. + </p> + <p> + At our departure hence our General set up a monument of our being there, + as also of her Majesty's right and title to the same; namely a plate, + nailed upon a fair great post, whereupon was engraved her Majesty's name, + the day and year of our arrival there, with the free giving up of the + province and people into her Majesty's hands, together with her Highness' + picture and arms, in a piece of six pence of current English money, under + the plate, whereunder was also written the name of our General. + </p> + <p> + It seemeth that the Spaniards hitherto had never been in this part of the + country, neither did ever discover the land by many degrees to the + southwards of this place. + </p> + <p> + After we had set sail from hence, we continued without sight of land till + the 13th day of October following, which day in the morning we fell with + certain islands eight degrees to the northward of the line, from which + islands came in a great number of <i>canoas</i>, having in some of them + four, in some six, and in some also fourteen men, bringing with them cocos + and other fruits. Their <i>canoas</i> were hollow within and cut with + great art and cunning, being very smooth within and without, and bearing a + gloss as if it were a horn daintily burnished, having a prow and a stern + of one sort, yielding inward circle-wise, being of a great height, and + full of certain white shells for a bravery; and on each side of them lie + out two pieces of timber about a yard and a half long, more or less, + according to the smallness or bigness of the boat. These people have the + nether part of their ears cut into a round circle, hanging down very low + upon their cheeks, whereon they hang things of a reasonable weight. The + nails of their hands are an inch long, their teeth are as black as pitch, + and they renew them often, by eating of an herb with a kind of powder, + which they always carry about them in a cane for the same purpose. + </p> + <p> + Leaving this island the night after we fell with it, the 18th of October + we lighted upon divers others, some whereof made a great show of + inhabitants. We continued our course by the islands of Tagulanda, Zelon, + and Zewarra, being friends to the Portugals, the first whereof hath + growing in it great store of cinnamon. The 14th of November we fell in + with the islands of Maluco. Which day at night (having directed our course + to run with Tidore) in coasting along the island of Mutyr, belonging to + the king of Ternate, his deputy or vice-king seeing us at sea, come with + his <i>canoa</i> to us without all fear, and came aboard; and after some + conference with our General, willed him in any wise to run in with + Ternate, and not with Tidore, assuring him that the king would be glad of + his coming, and would be ready to do what he would require, for which + purpose he himself would that night be with the king, and tell him the + news. With whom if he once dealt, we should find that if he went to Tidore + before he came to Ternate, the king would have nothing to do with us, + because he held the Portugal as his enemy. Whereupon our General resolved + to run with Ternate. Where the next morning early we came to anchor; at + which time our General sent a messenger to the king, with a velvet cloak + for a present and token of his coming to lie in peace, and that he + required nothing but traffic and exchange of merchandise, whereof he had + good store, in such things as he wanted. + </p> + <p> + In the meantime the vice-king had been with the king according to his + promise, signifying unto him what good things he might receive from us by + traffic. Whereby the king was moved with great liking towards us, and sent + to our General, with special message, that he should have what things he + needed and would require, with peace and friendship; and moreover that he + would yield himself and the right of his island to be at the pleasure and + commandment of so famous a prince as we served. In token whereof he sent + to our General a signet; and within short time after came in his own + person, with boats and <i>canoas</i>, to our ship, to bring her into a + better and safer road than she was in at that present. In the meantime, + our General's messenger, being come to the Court, was met by certain noble + personages with great solemnity, and brought to the king, at whose hands + he was most friendly and graciously entertained. + </p> + <p> + The king, purposing to come to our ship, sent before four great and large + <i>canoas</i>, in every one whereof were certain of his greatest states + (men of property or estate) that were about him, attired in white lawn of + cloth of Calicut, having over their heads, from the one end of the <i>canoa</i> + to the other, a covering of thin perfumed mats, borne up with a frame made + of reeds for the same use; under which every one did sit in his order + according to his dignity, to keep him from the heat of the sun; divers of + whom being of good age and gravity, did make an ancient and fatherly show. + There were also divers young and comely men attired in white, as were the + others; the rest were soldiers, which stood in comely order round about on + both sides. Without whom sat the rowers in certain galleries; which being + three on a side all along the <i>canoas</i>, did lie off from the side + thereof three or four yards, one being orderly builded lower than another, + in every of which galleries were the number of fourscore rowers. These <i>canoas</i> + were furnished with warlike munition, every man for the most part having + his sword and target, with his dagger, beside other weapons, as lances, + calivers, darts, bows and arrows; also every <i>canoa</i> had a small cast + base mounted at the least one full yard upon a stock set upright. Thus + coming near our ship, in order, they rowed about us one after another, and + passing by, did their homage with great solemnity; the great personages + beginning with great gravity and fatherly countenances, signifying that + the king had sent them to conduct our ship into a better road. Soon after + the king himself repaired, accompanied with six grave and ancient persons, + who did their obeisance with marvellous humility. The king was a man of + tall stature, and seemed to be much delighted with the sound of our music; + to whom, as also to his nobility, our General gave presents, wherewith + they were passing well contented. + </p> + <p> + At length the king craved leave of our General to depart, promising the + next day to come aboard, and in the meantime to send us such victuals as + were necessary for our provision. So that the same night we received of + them meal, which they call <i>sagu</i>, made of the tops of certain trees, + tasting in the mouth like sour curds, but melteth like sugar, whereof they + make certain cakes, which may be kept the space of ten years, and yet then + good to be eaten. We had of them store of rice, hens, unperfect and liquid + sugar, sugar-canes, and a fruit which they call <i>figo</i> (plantains), + with store of cloves. + </p> + <p> + The king having promised to come aboard, brake his promise, but sent his + brother to make his excuse, and to entreat our General to come on shore, + offering himself pawn aboard for his safe return. Whereunto our General + consented not, upon mislike conceived of the breach of his promise; the + whole company also utterly refusing it. But to satisfy him, our General + sent certain of his gentlemen to the Court, to accompany the king's + brother, reserving the vice-king for their safe return. They were received + of another brother of the king's, and other states, and were conducted + with great honour to the castle. The place that they were brought unto was + a large and fair house, where were at the least a thousand persons + assembled. + </p> + <p> + The king being yet absent, there sat in their places 60 grave personages, + all which were said to be of the king's council. There were besides four + grave persons, apparelled all in red, down to the ground, and attired on + their heads like the Turks; and these were said to be Romans [probably + Greeks] and ligiers [resident agents] there to keep continual traffic with + the people of Ternate. There were also two Turks ligiers in this place, + and one Italian. The king at last came in guarded with twelve lances, + covered over with a rich canopy with embossed gold. Our men, accompanied + with one of their captains called Moro, rising to meet him, he graciously + did welcome and entertain them. He was attired after the manner of the + country, but more sumptuously than the rest. From his waist down to the + ground was all cloth of gold, and the same very rich; his legs were bare, + but on his feet were a pair of shoes, made of Cordovan skin. In the attire + of his head were finely wreathed hooped rings of gold, and about his neck + he had a chain of perfect gold, the links whereof were great, and one fold + double. On his fingers he had six very fair jewels; and sitting in his + chair of state, at his right hand stood a page with a fan in his hand, + breathing and gathering the air to the king. The same was in length two + foot, and in breadth one foot, set with eight sapphires richly + embroidered, and knit to a staff three foot in length, by the which the + page did hold and move it. Our gentlemen having delivered their message + and received order accordingly, were licensed to depart, being safely + conducted back again by one of the king's council. This island is the + chief of all the islands of Maluco, and the king hereof is king of 70 + islands besides. The king with his people are Moors in religion, observing + certain new moons, with fastings; during which fasts they neither eat nor + drink in the day, but in the night. + </p> + <p> + After that our gentlemen were returned, and that we had here by the favour + of the king received all necessary things that the place could yield us; + our General considering the great distance, and how far he was yet off + from his country, thought it not best here to linger the time any longer, + but weighing his anchors, set out of the island, and sailed to a certain + little island to the southwards of Celebes, where we graved our ship, and + continued there, in that and other businesses, 26 days. This island is + thoroughly grown with wood of a large and high growth, very straight, and + without boughs, save only in the head or top, whose leaves are not much + differing from our broom in England. Amongst these trees night by night, + through the whole land, did shew themselves an infinite swarm of fiery + worms flying in the air, whose bodies being no bigger than our common + English flies, make such a show and light as if every twig or tree had + been a burning candle. In this place breedeth also wonderful store of + bats, as big as large hens. Of crayfishes also here wanted no plenty, and + they of exceeding bigness, one whereof was sufficient for four hungry + stomachs at a dinner, being also very good and restoring meat, whereof we + had experience: and they dig themselves holes in the earth like coneys. + </p> + <p> + When we had ended our business here we weighed, and set sail to run for + the Malucos. But having at that time a bad wind, and being amongst the + islands, with much difficulty we recovered to the northward of the island + of Celebes; where by reason of contrary winds, not able to continue our + course to run westwards, we were enforced to alter the same to the + southward again, finding that course also to be very hard and dangerous + for us, by reason of infinite shoals which lie off and among the islands; + whereof we had too much trial, to the hazard and danger of our ship and + lives. For, of all other days, upon the 9th of January, in the year 1579 + [1580], we ran suddenly upon a rock, where we stuck fast from eight of the + clock at night till four of the clock in the afternoon the next day, being + indeed out of all hope to escape the danger. But our General, as he had + always hitherto shewed himself courageous, and of a good confidence in the + mercy and protection of God, so now he continued in the same. And lest he + should seem to perish wilfully, both he and we did our best endeavour to + save ourselves; which it pleased God so to bless, that in the end we + cleared ourselves most happily of the danger. + </p> + <p> + We lighted our ship upon the rocks of three tons of cloves, eight pieces + of ordnance, and certain meal and beans; and then the wind, as it were in + a moment by the special grace of God, changing from the starboard to the + larboard of the ship, we hoisted our sails, and the happy gale drove our + ship off the rock into the sea again, to the no little comfort of all our + hearts, for which we gave God such praise and thanks, as so great a + benefit required. + </p> + <p> + The 8th of February following, we fell with the fruitful island of + Barateve, having in the mean time suffered many dangers by winds and + shoals. The people of this island are comely in body and stature, and of a + civil behaviour, just in dealing, and courteous to strangers; whereof we + had the experience sundry ways, they being most glad of our presence, and + very ready to relieve our wants in those things which their country did + yield. The men go naked, saving their heads and loins, every man having + something or other hanging at their ears. Their women are covered from the + middle down to the foot, wearing a great number of bracelets upon their + arms; for some had eight upon each arm, being made some of bone, some of + horn, and some of brass, the lightest whereof, by our estimation, weighed + two ounces apiece. With this people linen-cloth is good merchandise, and + of good request; whereof they make rolls for their heads, and girdles to + wear about them. Their island is both rich and fruitful; rich in gold, + silver, copper, and sulphur, wherein they seem skilful and expert, not + only to try the same, but in working it also artificially into any form + and fashion that pleaseth them. Their fruits be divers and plentiful; as + nutmegs, ginger, long pepper, lemons, cucumbers, cocos, <i>figu</i>, <i>sagu</i>, + with divers other sorts. And among all the rest we had one fruit, in + bigness, form and husk, like a bay berry, hard of substance and pleasant + of taste, which being sudden becometh soft, and is a most good and + wholesome victual; whereof we took reasonable store, as we did also of the + other fruits and spices. So that to confess a truth, since the time that + we first set out of our country of England, we happened upon no place, + Ternate only excepted, wherein we found more comforts and better means of + refreshing. + </p> + <p> + At our departure from Barateve, we set our course for Java Major; where + arriving, we found great courtesy, and honourable entertainment. This + island is governed by five kings, whom they call Rajah; as Rajah Donaw, + and Rajah Mang Bange, and Rajah Cabuccapollo, which live as having one + spirit and one mind. Of these five we had four a-shipboard at once, and + two or three often. They are wonderfully delighted in coloured clothes, as + red and green; the upper part of their bodies are naked, save their heads, + whereupon they wear a Turkish roll as do the Maluccians. From the middle + downward they wear a <i>pintado</i> of silk, trailing upon the ground, in + colour as they best like. The Maluccians hate that their women should be + seen of strangers; but these offer them of high courtesy, yea, the kings + themselves. The people are of goodly stature and warlike, well provided of + swords and targets, with daggers, all being of their own work, and most + artificially done, both in tempering their metal, as also in the form; + whereof we bought reasonable store. They have an house in every village + for their common assembly; every day they meet twice, men, women, and + children, bringing with them such victuals as they think good, some + fruits, some rice boiled, some hens roasted, some <i>sagu</i>, having a + table made three foot from the ground, whereon they set their meat, that + every person sitting at the table may eat, one rejoicing in the company of + another. They boil their rice in an earthen pot, made in form of a sugar + loaf, being full of holes, as our pots which we water our gardens withal, + and it is open at the great end, wherein they get their rice dry, without + any moisture. In the mean time they have ready another great earthen pot, + as set fast in a furnace, boiling full of water, whereinto they put their + pot with rice, by such measure, that they swelling become soft at the + first, and by their swelling stopping the holes of the pot, admit no more + water to enter, but the more they are boiled, the harder and more firm + substance they become. So that in the end they are a firm and good bread, + of the which with oil, butter, sugar, and other spices, they make divers + sorts of meats very pleasant of taste, and nourishing to nature. + </p> + <p> + Not long before our departure, they told us that not far off there were + such great ships as ours, wishing us to beware; upon this our captain + would stay no longer. From Java Major we sailed for the Cape of Good Hope, + which was the first land we fell withal; neither did we touch with it, or + any other land, until we came to Sierra Leona, upon the coast of Guinea; + notwithstanding we ran hard aboard the cape, finding the report of the + Portugals to be most false who affirm that it is the most dangerous cape + of the world, never without intolerable storms and present danger to + travellers which come near the same. This cape is a most stately thing, + and the fairest cape we saw in the whole circumference of the earth, and + we passed by it the 18th of June. From thence we continued our course to + Sierra Leona, on the coast of Guinea, where we arrived the 22nd of July, + and found necessary provisions, great store of elephants, oysters upon + trees of one kind [mangrove], spawning and increasing infinitely, the + oyster suffering no bud to grow. We departed thence the four and twentieth + day. + </p> + <p> + We arrived in England the third of November, 1580, being the third year of + our departure. + </p> + <p> + <br /> <br /> + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sir Francis Drake's Famous Voyage +Round the World, by Francis Pretty + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR FRANCIS DRAKE *** + +***** This file should be named 2991-h.htm or 2991-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/9/9/2991/ + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers; David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Sir Francis Drake's Famous Voyage Round the World + +Author: Francis Pretty + +Release Date: March 31, 2006 [EBook #2991] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR FRANCIS DRAKE *** + + + + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers + + + + + +SIR FRANCIS DRAKE'S FAMOUS VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD + + +Narrative By Francis Pretty, + +One Of Drake's Gentlemen At Arms. + + + PREPARER'S NOTE + This text was prepared from a 1910 edition, published by P F + Collier & Son Company, New York. + + + + The FAMOUS VOYAGE of Sir FRANCIS DRAKE into the South Sea, and + therehence about the whole Globe of the Earth, begun in the year + of our Lord 1577. + + + +The 15th day of November, in the year of our Lord 1577, Master Francis +Drake, with a fleet of five ships and barks, and to the number of 164 +men, gentlemen and sailors, departed from Plymouth, giving out his +pretended voyage for Alexandria. But the wind falling contrary, he was +forced the next morning to put into Falmouth Haven, in Cornwall, where +such and so terrible a tempest took us, as few men have seen the like, +and was indeed so vehement that all our ships were like to have gone +to wrack. But it pleased God to preserve us from that extremity and to +afflict us only for that present with these two particulars: the mast of +our Admiral, which was the Pelican, was cut overboard for the safeguard +of the ship, and the Marigold was driven ashore, and somewhat bruised. +For the repairing of which damages we returned again to Plymouth; and +having recovered those harms, and brought the ships again to good state, +we set forth the second time from Plymouth, and set sail the 13th day of +December following. + +The 25th day of the same month we fell with the Cape Cantin, upon the +coast of Barbary; and coasting along, the 27th day we found an island +called Mogador, lying one mile distant from the main. Between which +island and the main we found a very good and safe harbour for our ships +to ride in, as also very good entrance, and void of any danger. On this +island our General erected a pinnace, whereof he brought out of England +with him four already framed. While these things were in doing, there +came to the water's side some of the inhabitants of the country, shewing +forth their flags of truce; which being seen of our General, he sent his +ship's boat to the shore to know what they would. They being willing to +come aboard, our men left there one man of our company for a pledge, and +brought two of theirs aboard our ship; which by signs shewed our General +that the next day they would bring some provision, as sheep, capons, and +hens, and such like. Whereupon our General bestowed amongst them some +linen cloth and shoes, and a javelin, which they very joyfully received, +and departed for that time. The next morning they failed not to come +again to the water's side. And our General again setting out our boat, +one of our men leaping over-rashly ashore, and offering friendly to +embrace them, they set violent hands on him, offering a dagger to his +throat if he had made any resistance; and so laying him on a horse +carried him away. So that a man cannot be too circumspect and wary of +himself among such miscreants. Our pinnace being finished, we departed +from this place the 30th and last day of December, and coasting along +the shore we did descry, not contrary to our expectation, certain +_canters_, which were Spanish fishermen; to whom we gave chase and took +three of them. And proceeding further we met with three carvels, and +took them also. + +The 17th day of January we arrived at Cape Blanco, where we found a ship +riding at anchor, within the Cape, and but two simple mariners in her. +Which ship we took and carried her further into the harbour, where we +remained four days; and in that space our General mustered and trained +his men on land in warlike manner, to make them fit for all occasions. +In this place we took of the fishermen such necessaries as we wanted, +and they could yield us; and leaving here one of our little barks, +called the Benedict, we took with us one of theirs which they called +_canters_, being of the burden of 40 tons or thereabouts. All these +things being finished we departed this harbour the 22nd of January, +carrying along with us one of the Portugal carvels, which was bound to +the islands of Cape Verde for salt, whereof good store is made in one +of those islands. The master or pilot of that carvel did advertise our +General that upon one of those islands, called Mayo, there was great +store of dried _cabritos_ (goats), which a few inhabitants there +dwelling did yearly make ready for such of the king's ships as did there +touch, being bound for his country of Brazil or elsewhere. We fell with +this island the 27th of January, but the inhabitants would in no case +traffic with us, being thereof forbidden by the king's edict. Yet the +next day our General sent to view the island, and the likelihoods that +might be there of the provision of victuals, about threescore and +two men under the conduct and government of Master Winter and Master +Doughty. And marching towards the chief place of habitation in this +island (as by the Portugal we were informed), having travelled to the +mountains the space of three miles, and arriving there somewhat before +the daybreak, we arrested ourselves, to see day before us. Which +appearing, we found the inhabitants to be fled; but the place, by reason +that it was manured, we found to be more fruitful than the other part, +especially the valleys among the hills. + +Here we gave ourselves a little refreshing, as by very ripe and sweet +grapes, which the fruitfulness of the earth at that season of winter, +it may seems strange that those fruits were then there growing. But the +reason thereof is this, because they being between the tropic and the +equinoctial, the sun passeth twice in the year through their zenith over +their heads, by means whereof they have two summers; and being so near +the heat of the line they never lose the heat of the sun so much, but +the fruits have their increase and continuance in the midst of winter. +The island is wonderfully stored with goats and wild hens; and it hath +salt also, without labour, save only that the people gather it into +heaps; which continually in greater quantity is increased upon the sands +by the flowing of the sea, and the receiving heat of the sun kerning the +same. So that of the increase thereof they keep a continual traffic with +their neighbours. + +Amongst other things we found here a kind of fruit called _cocos_, which +because it is not commonly known with us in England, I thought good to +make some description of it. The tree beareth no leaves nor branches, +but at the very top the fruit groweth in clusters, hard at the top of +the stem of the tree, as big every several fruit as a man's head; but +having taken off the uttermost bark, which you shall find to be very +full of strings or sinews, as I may term them, you shall come to a hard +shell, which may hold a quantity of liquor a pint commonly, or some +a quart, and some less. Within that shell, of the thickness of +half-an-inch good, you shall have a kind of hard substance and very +white, no less good and sweet than almonds; within that again, a certain +clear liquor which being drunk, you shall not only find it very delicate +and sweet, but most comfortable and cordial. + +After we had satisfied ourselves with some of these fruits, we marched +further into the island, and saw great store of _cabritos_ alive, which +were so chased by the inhabitants that we could do no good towards our +provision; but they had laid out, as it were to stop our mouths withal, +certain old dried _cabritos_, which being but ill, and small and few, +we made no account of. Being returned to our ships, our General departed +hence the 31st of this month, and sailed by the island of Santiago, but +far enough from the danger of the inhabitants, who shot and discharged +at us three pieces; but they all fell short of us, and did us no harm. +The island is fair and large, and, as it seemeth, rich and fruitful, +and inhabited by the Portugals; but the mountains and high places of the +island are said to be possessed by the Moors, who having been slaves to +the Portugals, to ease themselves, made escape to the desert places +of the island, where they abide with great strength. Being before this +island, we espied two ships under sail, to the one of which we gave +chase, and in the end boarded her with a ship-boat without resistance; +which we found to be a good prize, and she yielded unto us good store +of wine. Which prize our General committed to the custody of Master +Doughty; and retaining the pilot, sent the rest away with his pinnace, +giving them a butt of wine and some victuals, and their wearing clothes, +and so they departed. The same night we came with the island called by +the Portugals _Ilha do Fogo_, that is, the burning island; in the north +side whereof is a consuming fire. The matter is said to be of sulphur, +but, notwithstanding, it is like to be a commodious island, because the +Portugals have built, and do inhabit there. Upon the south side thereof +lieth a most pleasant and sweet island, the trees whereof are always +green and fair to look upon; in respect whereof they call it _Ilha +Brava_, that is, the brave island. From the banks thereof into the sea +do run in many places reasonable streams of fresh water easy to come by, +but there was no convenient road for our ships; for such was the depth +that no ground could be had for anchoring. And it is reported that +ground was never found in that place; so that the tops of _Fogo_ burn +not so high in the air, but the roots of _Brava_ are quenched as low in +the sea. + +Being departed from these islands, we drew towards the line, where we +were becalmed the space of three weeks, but yet subject to divers great +storms, terrible lightnings and much thunder. But with this misery we +had the commodity of great store of fish, as dolphins, bonitos, and +flying-fishes, whereof some fell into our ships; wherehence they could +not rise again for want of moisture, for when their wings are dry they +cannot fly. + +From the first day of our departure from the islands of Cape Verde, we +sailed 54 days without sight of land. And the first land that we fell +with was the coast of Brazil, which we saw the fifth of April, in the +height of 33 degrees towards the pole Antarctic. And being discovered +at sea by the inhabitants of the country, they made upon the coast great +fires for a sacrifice (as we learned) to the devils; about which they +use conjurations, making heaps of sand, and other ceremonies, that when +any ship shall go about to stay upon their coast, not only sands may +be gathered together in shoals in every place, but also that storms and +tempests may arise, to the casting away of ships and men, whereof, as it +is reported, there have been divers experiments. + +The 7th day in a mighty great storm, both of lightning, rain, and +thunder, we lost the canter, which we called the Christopher. But the +eleventh day after, by our General's great care in dispersing his ships, +we found her again, and the place where we met our General called the +Cape of Joy, where every ship took in some water. Here we found a good +temperature and sweet air, a very fair and pleasant country with an +exceeding fruitful soil, where were great store of large and mighty +deer, but we came not to the sight of any people; but travelling further +into the country we perceived the footing of people in the clay ground, +shewing that they were men of great stature. Being returned to our ships +we weighed anchor, and ran somewhat further, and harboured ourselves +between the rock and the main; where by means of the rock that brake the +force of the sea, we rid very safe. And upon this rock we killed for our +provision certain sea-wolves, commonly called with us seals. From hence +we went our course to 36 degrees, and entered the great river of Plate, +and ran into 54 and 53 1/2 fathoms of fresh water, where we filled +our water by the ship's side; but our General finding here no good +harborough, as he thought he should, bare out again to sea the 27th of +April, and in bearing out we lost sight of our fly-boat wherein Master +Doughty was. But we, sailing along, found a fair and reasonable good +bay, wherein were many and the same profitable islands; one whereof had +so many seals as would at the least have laden all our ships, and +the rest of the islands are, as it were, laden with fowls, which is +wonderful to see, and they of divers sorts. It is a place very plentiful +of victuals, and hath in it no want of fresh water. Our General, after +certain days of his abode in this place, being on shore in an island, +the people of the country shewed themselves unto him, leaping and +dancing, and entered into traffic with him, but they would not receive +anything at any man's hands, but the same must be cast upon the ground. +They are of clean, comely, and strong bodies, swift on foot, and seem to +be very active. + +The 18th of May, our General thought it needful to have a care of such +ships as were absent; and therefore endeavouring to seek the fly-boat +wherein Master Doughty was, we espied her again the next day. And +whereas certain of our ships were sent to discover the coast and to +search an harbour, the Marigold and the canter being employed in that +business, came unto us and gave us understanding of a safe harbour that +they had found. Wherewith all our ships bare, and entered it; where we +watered and made new provision of victuals, as by seals, whereof we slew +to the number of 200 or 300 in the space of an hour. Here our General in +the Admiral rid close aboard the fly-boat, and took out of her all the +provision of victuals and what else was in her, and hauling her to the +land, set fire to her, and so burnt her to save the iron work. Which +being a-doing, there came down of the country certain of the people +naked, saving only about their waist the skin of some beast, with the +fur or hair on, and something also wreathed on their heads. Their faces +were painted with divers colours, and some of them had on their heads +the similitude of horns, every man his bow, which was an ell in length, +and a couple of arrows. They were very agile people and quick to +deliver, and seemed not to be ignorant in the feats of wars, as by their +order of ranging a few men might appear. These people would not of a +long time receive anything at our hands; yet at length our General being +ashore, and they dancing after their accustomed manner about him, and he +once turning his back towards them, one leaped suddenly to him, and took +his cap with his gold band off his head, and ran a little distance from +him, and shared it with his fellow, the cap to one and the band to the +other. Having despatched all our business in this place, we departed +and set sail. And immediately upon our setting forth we lost our canter, +which was absent three or four days; but when our General had her again, +he took out the necessaries, and so gave her over, near to the Cape +of Good Hope. The next day after, being the 20th of June, we harboured +ourselves again in a very good harborough, called by Magellan, Port +St. Julian, where we found a gibbet standing upon the main; which we +supposed to be the place where Magellan did execution upon some of his +disobedient and rebellious company. + +The two and twentieth day our General went ashore to the main, and in +his company John Thomas, and Robert Winterhie, Oliver the master-gunner, +John Brewer, Thomas Hood, and Thomas Drake. And entering on land, +they presently met with two or three of the country people. And Robert +Winterhie having in his hands a bow and arrows, went about to make a +shoot of pleasure, and, in his draught, his bowstring brake; which the +rude savages taking as a token of war, began to bend the force of their +bows against our company, and drove them to their shifts very narrowly. + +In this port our General began to enquire diligently of the actions of +Master Thomas Doughty, and found them not to be such as he looked for, +but tending rather of contention or mutiny, or some other disorder, +whereby, without redress, the success of the voyage might greatly +have been hazarded. Whereupon the company was called together and made +acquainted with the particulars of the cause, which were found, partly +by Master Doughty's own confession, and partly by the evidence of the +fact, to be true. Which when our General saw, although his private +affection to Master Doughty, as he then in the presence of us all +sacredly protested, was great, yet the care he had of the state of the +voyage, of the expectation of her Majesty, and of the honour of his +country did more touch him, as indeed it ought, than the private respect +of one man. So that the cause being thoroughly heard, and all things +done in good order as near as might be to the course of our laws in +England, it was concluded that Master Doughty should receive punishment +according to the quality of the offence. And he, seeing no remedy but +patience for himself, desired before his death to receive the communion, +which he did at the hands of Master Fletcher, our minister, and our +General himself accompanied him in that holy action. Which being done, +and the place of execution made ready, he having embraced our General, +and taken his leave of all the company, with prayers for the Queen's +Majesty and our realm, in quiet sort laid his head to the block, where +he ended his life. This being done, our General made divers speeches to +the whole company, persuading us to unity, obedience, love, and regard +of our voyage; and for the better confirmation thereof, willed every +many in the next Sunday following to prepare himself to the communion, +as Christian brethren and friends ought to do. Which was done in very +reverent sort; and so with good contentment every man went about his +business. + +The 17th of August we departed the port of St. Julian, and the 20th day +we fell with the Strait of Magellan, going into the South Sea; at the +cape or headland whereof we found the body of a dead man, whose flesh +was clean consumed. The 21st day we entered the Strait, which we found +to have many turnings, and as it were shuttings-up, as if there were no +passage at all. By means whereof we had the wind often against us; so +that some of the fleet recovering a cape or point of land, others should +be forced to turn back again, and to come to an anchor where they could. +In this Strait there be many fair harbours, with store of fresh water. +But yet they lack their best commodity, for the water there is of such +depth, that no man shall find ground to anchor in except it be in some +narrow river or corner, or between some rocks; so that if any extreme +blasts or contrary winds do come, whereunto the place is much subject, +it carrieth with it no small danger. The land on both sides is very huge +and mountainous; the lower mountains whereof, although they be monstrous +and wonderful to look upon for their height, yet there are others which +in height exceed them in a strange manner, reaching themselves above +their fellows so high, that between them did appear three regions of +clouds. These mountains are covered with snow. At both the southerly and +easterly parts of the Strait there are islands, among which the sea hath +his indraught into the Straits, even as it hath in the main entrance of +the frete. This Strait is extreme cold, with frost and snow continually; +the trees seem to stoop with the burden of the weather, and yet are +green continually, and many good and sweet herbs do very plentifully +grow and increase under them. The breadth of the Strait is in some +places a league, in some other places two leagues and three leagues, and +in some other four leagues; but the narrowest place hath a league over. + +The 24th of August we arrived at an island in the Straits, where we +found great store of fowl which could not fly, of the bigness of geese; +whereof we killed in less than one day 3,000, and victualled ourselves +thoroughly therewith. The 6th day of September we entered the South Sea +at the cape or head shore. The 7th day we were driven by a great storm +from the entering into the South Sea, 200 leagues and odd in longitude, +and one degree to the southward of the Strait; in which height, and so +many leagues to the westward, the 15th day of September, fell out +the eclipse of the moon at the hour of six of the clock at night. But +neither did the ecliptical conflict of the moon impair our state, nor +her clearing again amend us a whit; but the accustomed eclipse of +the sea continued in his force, we being darkened more than the moon +sevenfold.[*] + + [*] In this storm the Marigold went down with all hands. + +From the bay which we called the Bay of Severing of Friends, we were +driven back to the southward of the Straits in 57 degrees and a tierce; +in which height we came to an anchor among the islands, having there +fresh and very good water, with herbs of singular virtue. Not far from +hence we entered another bay, where we found people, both men and women, +in their canoes naked, and ranging from one island to another to seek +their meat; who entered traffic with us for such things as they had. +We returning hence northward again, found the third of October three +islands, in one of which was such plenty of birds as is scant +credible to report. The 8th day of October we lost sight of one of our +consorts,[*] wherein Master Winter was; who, as then we supposed, was +put by a storm into the Straits again. Which at our return home we found +to be true, and he not perished, as some of our company feared. Thus +being come into the height of the Straits again, we ran, supposing the +coast of Chili to lie as the general maps have described it, namely +north-west; which we found to lie and trend to the north-east and +eastwards. Whereby it appeareth that this part of Chili hath not been +truly hitherto discovered, or at the least not truly reported, for the +space of twelve degrees at the least; being set down either of purpose +to deceive, or of ignorant conjecture. + + [*] The Elizabeth. Winter, having slight of the Admiral, + sailed home. The Golden Hind was thus left to pursue her + voyage alone. + +We continuing our course, fell the 29th of November with an island +called La Mocha, where we cast anchor; and our General, hoisting out our +boat, went with ten of our company to shore. Where we found people whom +the cruel and extreme dealings of the Spaniards have forced, for their +own safety and liberty, to flee from the main, and to fortify themselves +in this island. We being on land, the people came down to us to the +water side with show of great courtesy, bringing to us potatoes, roots, +and two very fat sheep; which our General received, and gave them other +things for them, and had promised to have water there. But the next day +repairing again to the shore, and sending two men a-land with barrels +to fill water, the people taking them for Spaniards (to whom they use to +show no favour if they take them) laid violent hands on them, and, as we +think, slew them. Our General seeing this, stayed there no longer, but +weighed anchor, and set sail towards the coast of Chili. And drawing +towards it, we met near the shore an Indian in a _canoa_, who thinking +us to have been Spaniards, came to us and told us, that at a place +called Santiago, there was a great Spanish ship laden from the kingdom +of Peru; for which good news our General gave him divers trifles. +Whereof he was glad, and went along with us and brought us to the place, +which is called the port of Valparaiso. When we came thither we found, +indeed, the ship riding at anchor, having in her eight Spaniards and +three negroes; who, thinking us to have been Spaniards, and their +friends, welcomed us with a drum, and made ready a _botija_ of wine of +Chili to drink to us. But as soon as we were entered, one of our +company called Thomas Moon began to lay about him, and struck one of the +Spaniards, and said unto him, _Abaxo perro!_ that is in English, 'Go +down, dog!' One of these Spaniards, seeing persons of that quality in +those seas, crossed and blessed himself. But, to be short, we stowed +them under hatches, all save one Spaniard, who suddenly and desperately +leapt overboard into the sea, and swam ashore to the town of Santiago, +to give them warning of our arrival. + +They of the town, being not above nine households, presently fled away +and abandoned the town. Our General manned his boat and the Spanish +ship's boat, and went to the town; and, being come to it, we rifled it, +and came to a small chapel, which we entered, and found therein a silver +chalice, two cruets, and one altar-cloth, the spoil whereof our General +gave to Master Fletcher, his minister. We found also in this town a +warehouse stored with wine of Chili and many boards of cedar-wood; all +which wine we brought away with us, and certain of the boards to burn +for firewood. And so, being come aboard, we departed the haven, having +first set all the Spaniards on land, saving one John Griego, a Greek +born, whom our General carried with him as pilot to bring him into the +haven of Lima. + +When we were at sea our General rifled the ship, and found in her good +store of the wine of Chili, and 25,000 pesos of very pure and fine gold +of Valdivia, amounting in value to 37,000 ducats of Spanish money, +and above. So, going on our course, we arrived next at a place called +Coquimbo, where our General sent fourteen of his men on land to fetch +water. But they were espied by the Spaniards, who came with 300 horsemen +and 200 footmen, and slew one of our men with a piece. The rest came +aboard in safety, and the Spaniards departed. We went on shore again and +buried our man, and the Spaniards came down again with a flag of truce; +but we set sail, and would not trust them. From hence we went to a +certain port called Tarapaca; where, being landed, we found by the sea +side a Spaniard lying asleep, who had lying by him thirteen bars of +silver, which weighed 4,000 ducats Spanish. We took the silver and left +the man. Not far from hence, going on land for fresh water, we met with +a Spaniard and an Indian boy driving eight llamas or sheep of Peru, +which are as big as asses; every of which sheep had on his back two bags +of leather, each bag containing 50 lb. weight of fine silver. So that, +bringing both the sheep and their burthen to the ships, we found in all +the bags eight hundred weight of silver. + +Herehence we sailed to a place called Arica; and, being entered the +port, we found there three small barks, which we rifled, and found in +one of them fifty-seven wedges of silver, each of them weighing about 20 +lb. weight, and every of these wedges were of the fashion and bigness of +a brickbat. In all these three barks, we found not one person. For +they, mistrusting no strangers, were all gone a-land to the town, which +consisteth of about twenty houses; which we would have ransacked if our +company had been better and more in number. But our General, contented +with the spoil of the ships, left the town and put off again to sea, +and set sail for Lima, and, by the way, met with a small bark, which he +boarded, and found in her good store of linen cloth. Whereof taking some +quantity, he let her go. + +To Lima we came the 13th of February; and, being entered the haven, we +found there about twelve sail of ships lying fast moored at an anchor, +having all their sails carried on shore; for the masters and merchants +were here most secure, having never been assaulted by enemies, and +at this time feared the approach of none such as we were. Our General +rifled these ships, and found in one of them a chest full of reals of +plate, and good store of silks and linen cloth; and took the chest into +his own ship, and good store of the silks and linen. In which ship he +had news of another ship called the Cacafuego, which was gone towards +Payta, and that the same ship was laden with treasure. Whereupon we +stayed no longer here, but, cutting all the cables of the ships in the +haven, we let them drive wither they would, either to sea or to the +shore; and with all speed we followed the Cacafuego toward Payta, +thinking there to have found her. But before we arrived there she was +gone from thence towards Panama; whom our General still pursued, and by +the way met with a bark laden with ropes and tackle for ships, which +he boarded and searched, and found in her 80 lb. weight of gold, and a +crucifix of gold with goodly great emeralds set in it, which he took, +and some of the cordage also for his own ship. From hence we departed, +still following the Cacafuego; and our General promised our company that +whosoever should first descry her should have his chain of gold for his +good news. It fortuned that John Drake, going up into the top, descried +her about three of the clock. And about six of the clock we came to her +and boarded her, and shot at her three pieces of ordnance, and strake +down her mizen; and, being entered, we found in her great riches, as +jewels and precious stones, thirteen chests full of reals of plate, +fourscore pound weight of gold, and six-and-twenty ton of silver. The +place where we took this prize was called Cape de San Francisco, about +150 leagues [south] from Panama. The pilot's name of this ship was +Francisco; and amongst other plate that our General found in this ship +he found two very fair gilt bowls of silver, which were the pilot's. To +whom our General said, _Senor Pilot, you have here two silver cups, but +I must needs have one of them_; which the pilot, because he could not +otherwise choose, yielded unto, and gave the other to the steward of our +General's ship. When this pilot departed from us, his boy said thus unto +our General: _Captain, our ship shall be called no more the Cacafuego, +but the Cacaplata, and your ship shall be called the Cacafuego_. Which +pretty speech of the pilot's boy ministered matter of laughter to us, +both then and long after. When our General had done what he would with +this Cacafuego, he cast her off, and we went on our course still towards +the west; and not long after met with a ship laden with linen cloth and +fine China dishes of white earth, and great store of China silks, of all +which things we took as we listed. The owner himself of this ship was in +her, who was a Spanish gentleman, from whom our General took a falcon of +gold, with a great emerald in the breast thereof; and the pilot of the +ship he took also with him, and so cast the ship off. + +This pilot brought us to the haven of Guatulco, the town whereof, as +he told us, had but 17 Spaniards in it. As soon as we were entered this +haven, we landed, and went presently to the town and to the town-house; +where we found a judge sitting in judgment, being associated with three +other officers, upon three negroes that had conspired the burning of +the town. Both which judges and prisoners we took, and brought them +a-shipboard, and caused the chief judge to write his letter to the town +to command all the townsmen to avoid, that we might safely water there. +Which being done, and they departed, we ransacked the town; and in one +house we found a pot, of the quantity of a bushel, full of reals of +plate, which we brought to our ship. And here one Thomas Moon, one of +our company, took a Spanish gentleman as he was flying out of the +town; and, searching him, he found a chain of gold about him, and other +jewels, which he took, and so let him go. At this place our General, +among other Spaniards, set ashore his Portugal pilot which he took at +the islands of Cape Verde out of a ship of St. Mary port, of Portugal. +And having set them ashore we departed hence, and sailed to the island +of Canno; where our General landed, and brought to shore his own ship, +and discharged her, mended and graved her, and furnished our ship with +water and wood sufficiently. + +And while we were here we espied a ship and set sail after her, and took +her, and found in her two pilots and a Spanish governor, going for the +islands of the Philippinas. We searched the ship, and took some of her +merchandises, and so let her go. Our General at this place and time, +thinking himself, both in respect of his private injuries received from +the Spaniards, as also of their contempts and indignities offered to our +country and prince in general, sufficiently satisfied and revenged; and +supposing that her Majesty at his return would rest contented with this +service, purposed to continue no longer upon the Spanish coast, but +began to consider and to consult of the best way for his country. + +He thought it not good to return by the Straits, for two special causes; +the one, lest the Spaniards should there wait and attend for him in +great number and strength, whose hands, he, being left but one ship, +could not possibly escape. The other cause was the dangerous situation +of the mouth of the Straits in the South Sea; where continual storms +reigning and blustering, as he found by experience, besides the shoals +and sands upon the coast, he thought it not a good course to adventure +that way. He resolved, therefore, to avoid these hazards, to go forward +to the Islands of the Malucos, and therehence to sail the course of the +Portugals by the Cape of Buena Esperanza. Upon this resolution he began +to think of his best way to the Malucos, and finding himself, where he +now was, becalmed, he saw that of necessity he must be forced to take a +Spanish course; namely, to sail somewhat northerly to get a good wind. +We therefore set sail, and sailed 600 leagues at the least for a good +wind; and thus much we sailed from the 16th of April till the third of +June. + +The fifth of June, being in 43 degrees towards the pole Arctic, we found +the air so cold, that our men being grievously pinched with the same, +complained of the extremity thereof; and the further we went, the more +the cold increased upon us. Whereupon we thought it best for that time +to seek the land, and did so; finding it not mountainous but low plain +land, till we came within 38 degrees towards the line. In which height +it pleased God to send us into a fair and good bay, with a good wind to +enter the same. In this bay we anchored; and the people of the country, +having their houses close by the water's side, shewed themselves unto +us, and sent a present to our General. When they came unto us, they +greatly wondered at the things that we brought. But our General, +according to his natural and accustomed humanity, courteously intreated +them, and liberally bestowed on them necessary things to cover their +nakedness; whereupon they supposed us to be gods, and would not be +persuaded to the contrary. The presents which they sent to our General, +were feathers, and cauls of network. Their houses are digged round about +with earth, and have from the uttermost brims of the circle, clifts +of wood set upon them, joining close together at the top like a spire +steeple, which by reason of that closeness are very warm. Their bed is +the ground with rushes strowed on it; and lying about the house, [they] +have the fire in the midst. The men go naked; the women take bulrushes, +and kemb them after the manner of hemp, and thereof make their loose +garments, which being knit about their middles, hang down about their +hips, having also about their shoulders a skin of deer, with the +hair upon it. These women are very obedient and serviceable to their +husbands. + +After they were departed from us, they came and visited us the second +time, and brought with them feathers and bags of _tabacco_ for presents. +And when they came to the top of the hill, at the bottom whereof we +had pitched our tents, they stayed themselves; where one appointed for +speaker wearied himself with making a long oration; which done, they +left their bows upon the hill, and came down with their presents. In +the meantime the women, remaining upon the hill, tormented themselves +lamentably, tearing their flesh from their cheeks, whereby we perceived +that they were about a sacrifice. In the meantime our General with +his company went to prayer, and to reading of the Scriptures, at which +exercise they were attentive, and seemed greatly to be affected with +it; but when they were come unto us, they restored again unto us those +things which before we bestowed upon them. The news of our being there +being spread through the country, the people that inhabited round about +came down, and amongst them the king himself, a man of a goodly stature, +and comely personage, and with many other tall and warlike men; before +whose coming were sent two ambassadors to our General, to signify that +their king was coming, in doing of which message, their speech was +continued about half an hour. This ended, they by signs requested our +General to send something by their hand to their king, as a token that +his coming might be in peace. Wherein our General having satisfied them, +they returned with glad tidings to their king, who marched to us with a +princely majesty, the people crying continually after their manner; and +as they drew near unto us, so did they strive to behave themselves in +their actions with comeliness. In the fore-front was a man of goodly +personage, who bare the sceptre or mace before the king; whereupon +hanged two crowns, a less and a bigger, with three chains of a +marvellous length. The crowns were made of knit work, wrought +artificially with feathers of divers colours. The chains were made of a +bony substance, and few be the persons among them that are admitted to +wear them; and of that number also the persons are stinted, as some ten, +some twelve, etc. Next unto him which bare the sceptre, was the king +himself, with his guard about his person, clad with coney skins, and +other skins. After them followed the naked common sort of people, every +one having his face painted, some with white, some with black, and other +colours, and having in their hands one thing or another for a present. +Not so much as their children, but they also brought their presents. + +In the meantime our General gathered his men together, and marched +within his fenced place, making, against their approaching, a very +warlike show. They being trooped together in their order, and a general +salutation being made, there was presently a general silence. Then he +that bare the sceptre before the king, being informed by another, whom +they assigned to that office, with a manly and lofty voice proclaimed +that which the other spake to him in secret, continuing half an hour. +Which ended, and a general _Amen_, as it were, given, the king with the +whole number of men and women, the children excepted, came down without +any weapon; who, descending to the foot of the hill, set themselves +in order. In coming towards our bulwarks and tents, the sceptre-bearer +began a song, observing his measures in a dance, and that with a stately +countenance; whom the king with his guard, and every degree of persons, +following, did in like manner sing and dance, saving only the women, +which danced and kept silence. The General permitted them to enter +within our bulwark, where they continued their song and dance a +reasonable time. When they had satisfied themselves, they made signs to +our General to sit down; to whom the king and divers others made several +orations, or rather supplications, that he would take their province +and kingdom into his hand, and become their king, making signs that +they would resign unto him their right and title of the whole land, and +become his subjects. In which, to persuade us the better, the king and +the rest, with one consent, and with great reverence, joyfully singing a +song, did set the crown upon his head, enriched his neck with all their +chains, and offered him many other things, honouring him by the name of +_Hioh_, adding thereunto, as it seemed, a sign of triumph; which thing +our General thought not meet to reject, because he knew not what honour +and profit it might be to our country. Wherefore in the name, and to the +use of her Majesty, he took the sceptre, crown, and dignity of the said +country into his hands, wishing that the riches and treasure thereof +might so conveniently be transported to the enriching of her kingdom at +home, as it aboundeth in the same. + +The common sort of people, leaving the king and his guard with our +General, scattered themselves together with their sacrifices among our +people, taking a diligent view of every person: and such as pleased +their fancy (which were the youngest), they enclosing them about offered +their sacrifices unto them with lamentable weeping, scratching and +tearing their flesh from their faces with their nails, whereof issued +abundance of blood. But we used signs to them of disliking this, and +stayed their hands from force, and directed them upwards to the living +God, whom only they ought to worship. They shewed unto us their wounds, +and craved help of them at our hands; whereupon we gave them lotions, +plaisters, and ointments agreeing to the state of their griefs, +beseeching God to cure their diseases. Every third day they brought +their sacrifices unto us, until they understood our meaning, that we +had no pleasure in them; yet they could not be long absent from us, +but daily frequented our company to the hour of our departure, which +departure seemed so grievous unto them, that their joy was turned into +sorrow. They entreated us, that being absent we would remember them, and +by stealth provided a sacrifice, which we misliked. + +Our necessary business being ended, our General with his company +travelled up into the country to their villages, where we found herds of +deer by a thousand in a company, being most large, and fat of body. +We found the whole country to be a warren of a strange kind of coneys; +their bodies in bigness as be the Barbary coneys, their heads as the +heads of ours, the feet of a want [mole], and the tail of a rat, being +of great length. Under her chin is on either side a bag, into the which +she gathereth her meat, when she hath filled her belly abroad. The +people eat their bodies, and make great account of their skins, for +their king's coat was made of them. Our General called this country Nova +Albion, and that for two causes; the one in respect of the white banks +and cliffs, which lie towards the sea, and the other, because it might +have some affinity with our country in name, which sometime was so +called. There is no part of earth here to be taken up, wherein there is +not some probable show of gold or silver. + +At our departure hence our General set up a monument of our being there, +as also of her Majesty's right and title to the same; namely a plate, +nailed upon a fair great post, whereupon was engraved her Majesty's +name, the day and year of our arrival there, with the free giving up +of the province and people into her Majesty's hands, together with her +Highness' picture and arms, in a piece of six pence of current English +money, under the plate, whereunder was also written the name of our +General. + +It seemeth that the Spaniards hitherto had never been in this part of +the country, neither did ever discover the land by many degrees to the +southwards of this place. + +After we had set sail from hence, we continued without sight of land +till the 13th day of October following, which day in the morning we fell +with certain islands eight degrees to the northward of the line, from +which islands came in a great number of _canoas_, having in some of them +four, in some six, and in some also fourteen men, bringing with them +cocos and other fruits. Their _canoas_ were hollow within and cut with +great art and cunning, being very smooth within and without, and bearing +a gloss as if it were a horn daintily burnished, having a prow and a +stern of one sort, yielding inward circle-wise, being of a great height, +and full of certain white shells for a bravery; and on each side of them +lie out two pieces of timber about a yard and a half long, more or less, +according to the smallness or bigness of the boat. These people have the +nether part of their ears cut into a round circle, hanging down very low +upon their cheeks, whereon they hang things of a reasonable weight. +The nails of their hands are an inch long, their teeth are as black as +pitch, and they renew them often, by eating of an herb with a kind +of powder, which they always carry about them in a cane for the same +purpose. + +Leaving this island the night after we fell with it, the 18th of +October we lighted upon divers others, some whereof made a great show of +inhabitants. We continued our course by the islands of Tagulanda, Zelon, +and Zewarra, being friends to the Portugals, the first whereof hath +growing in it great store of cinnamon. The 14th of November we fell +in with the islands of Maluco. Which day at night (having directed +our course to run with Tidore) in coasting along the island of Mutyr, +belonging to the king of Ternate, his deputy or vice-king seeing us at +sea, come with his _canoa_ to us without all fear, and came aboard; and +after some conference with our General, willed him in any wise to run in +with Ternate, and not with Tidore, assuring him that the king would be +glad of his coming, and would be ready to do what he would require, for +which purpose he himself would that night be with the king, and tell him +the news. With whom if he once dealt, we should find that if he went to +Tidore before he came to Ternate, the king would have nothing to do with +us, because he held the Portugal as his enemy. Whereupon our General +resolved to run with Ternate. Where the next morning early we came to +anchor; at which time our General sent a messenger to the king, with a +velvet cloak for a present and token of his coming to lie in peace, +and that he required nothing but traffic and exchange of merchandise, +whereof he had good store, in such things as he wanted. + +In the meantime the vice-king had been with the king according to his +promise, signifying unto him what good things he might receive from us +by traffic. Whereby the king was moved with great liking towards us, +and sent to our General, with special message, that he should have +what things he needed and would require, with peace and friendship; and +moreover that he would yield himself and the right of his island to be +at the pleasure and commandment of so famous a prince as we served. In +token whereof he sent to our General a signet; and within short time +after came in his own person, with boats and _canoas_, to our ship, to +bring her into a better and safer road than she was in at that present. +In the meantime, our General's messenger, being come to the Court, was +met by certain noble personages with great solemnity, and brought to the +king, at whose hands he was most friendly and graciously entertained. + +The king, purposing to come to our ship, sent before four great and +large _canoas_, in every one whereof were certain of his greatest states +(men of property or estate) that were about him, attired in white lawn +of cloth of Calicut, having over their heads, from the one end of the +_canoa_ to the other, a covering of thin perfumed mats, borne up with a +frame made of reeds for the same use; under which every one did sit in +his order according to his dignity, to keep him from the heat of the +sun; divers of whom being of good age and gravity, did make an ancient +and fatherly show. There were also divers young and comely men attired +in white, as were the others; the rest were soldiers, which stood in +comely order round about on both sides. Without whom sat the rowers in +certain galleries; which being three on a side all along the _canoas_, +did lie off from the side thereof three or four yards, one being orderly +builded lower than another, in every of which galleries were the +number of fourscore rowers. These _canoas_ were furnished with warlike +munition, every man for the most part having his sword and target, with +his dagger, beside other weapons, as lances, calivers, darts, bows and +arrows; also every _canoa_ had a small cast base mounted at the least +one full yard upon a stock set upright. Thus coming near our ship, in +order, they rowed about us one after another, and passing by, did their +homage with great solemnity; the great personages beginning with great +gravity and fatherly countenances, signifying that the king had sent +them to conduct our ship into a better road. Soon after the king himself +repaired, accompanied with six grave and ancient persons, who did their +obeisance with marvellous humility. The king was a man of tall stature, +and seemed to be much delighted with the sound of our music; to whom, +as also to his nobility, our General gave presents, wherewith they were +passing well contented. + +At length the king craved leave of our General to depart, promising the +next day to come aboard, and in the meantime to send us such victuals as +were necessary for our provision. So that the same night we received of +them meal, which they call _sagu_, made of the tops of certain trees, +tasting in the mouth like sour curds, but melteth like sugar, whereof +they make certain cakes, which may be kept the space of ten years, and +yet then good to be eaten. We had of them store of rice, hens, unperfect +and liquid sugar, sugar-canes, and a fruit which they call _figo_ +(plantains), with store of cloves. + +The king having promised to come aboard, brake his promise, but sent his +brother to make his excuse, and to entreat our General to come on shore, +offering himself pawn aboard for his safe return. Whereunto our General +consented not, upon mislike conceived of the breach of his promise; the +whole company also utterly refusing it. But to satisfy him, our General +sent certain of his gentlemen to the Court, to accompany the king's +brother, reserving the vice-king for their safe return. They were +received of another brother of the king's, and other states, and were +conducted with great honour to the castle. The place that they were +brought unto was a large and fair house, where were at the least a +thousand persons assembled. + +The king being yet absent, there sat in their places 60 grave +personages, all which were said to be of the king's council. There were +besides four grave persons, apparelled all in red, down to the ground, +and attired on their heads like the Turks; and these were said to be +Romans [probably Greeks] and ligiers [resident agents] there to keep +continual traffic with the people of Ternate. There were also two Turks +ligiers in this place, and one Italian. The king at last came in guarded +with twelve lances, covered over with a rich canopy with embossed gold. +Our men, accompanied with one of their captains called Moro, rising to +meet him, he graciously did welcome and entertain them. He was attired +after the manner of the country, but more sumptuously than the rest. +From his waist down to the ground was all cloth of gold, and the same +very rich; his legs were bare, but on his feet were a pair of shoes, +made of Cordovan skin. In the attire of his head were finely wreathed +hooped rings of gold, and about his neck he had a chain of perfect gold, +the links whereof were great, and one fold double. On his fingers he had +six very fair jewels; and sitting in his chair of state, at his right +hand stood a page with a fan in his hand, breathing and gathering the +air to the king. The same was in length two foot, and in breadth one +foot, set with eight sapphires richly embroidered, and knit to a staff +three foot in length, by the which the page did hold and move it. Our +gentlemen having delivered their message and received order accordingly, +were licensed to depart, being safely conducted back again by one of the +king's council. This island is the chief of all the islands of Maluco, +and the king hereof is king of 70 islands besides. The king with +his people are Moors in religion, observing certain new moons, with +fastings; during which fasts they neither eat nor drink in the day, but +in the night. + +After that our gentlemen were returned, and that we had here by the +favour of the king received all necessary things that the place could +yield us; our General considering the great distance, and how far he was +yet off from his country, thought it not best here to linger the time +any longer, but weighing his anchors, set out of the island, and sailed +to a certain little island to the southwards of Celebes, where we graved +our ship, and continued there, in that and other businesses, 26 days. +This island is thoroughly grown with wood of a large and high growth, +very straight, and without boughs, save only in the head or top, whose +leaves are not much differing from our broom in England. Amongst these +trees night by night, through the whole land, did shew themselves an +infinite swarm of fiery worms flying in the air, whose bodies being no +bigger than our common English flies, make such a show and light as if +every twig or tree had been a burning candle. In this place breedeth +also wonderful store of bats, as big as large hens. Of crayfishes also +here wanted no plenty, and they of exceeding bigness, one whereof was +sufficient for four hungry stomachs at a dinner, being also very good +and restoring meat, whereof we had experience: and they dig themselves +holes in the earth like coneys. + +When we had ended our business here we weighed, and set sail to run for +the Malucos. But having at that time a bad wind, and being amongst +the islands, with much difficulty we recovered to the northward of +the island of Celebes; where by reason of contrary winds, not able to +continue our course to run westwards, we were enforced to alter the same +to the southward again, finding that course also to be very hard and +dangerous for us, by reason of infinite shoals which lie off and among +the islands; whereof we had too much trial, to the hazard and danger of +our ship and lives. For, of all other days, upon the 9th of January, in +the year 1579 [1580], we ran suddenly upon a rock, where we stuck fast +from eight of the clock at night till four of the clock in the afternoon +the next day, being indeed out of all hope to escape the danger. But our +General, as he had always hitherto shewed himself courageous, and of a +good confidence in the mercy and protection of God, so now he continued +in the same. And lest he should seem to perish wilfully, both he and +we did our best endeavour to save ourselves; which it pleased God so to +bless, that in the end we cleared ourselves most happily of the danger. + +We lighted our ship upon the rocks of three tons of cloves, eight pieces +of ordnance, and certain meal and beans; and then the wind, as it were +in a moment by the special grace of God, changing from the starboard to +the larboard of the ship, we hoisted our sails, and the happy gale drove +our ship off the rock into the sea again, to the no little comfort of +all our hearts, for which we gave God such praise and thanks, as so +great a benefit required. + +The 8th of February following, we fell with the fruitful island of +Barateve, having in the mean time suffered many dangers by winds and +shoals. The people of this island are comely in body and stature, and of +a civil behaviour, just in dealing, and courteous to strangers; whereof +we had the experience sundry ways, they being most glad of our presence, +and very ready to relieve our wants in those things which their country +did yield. The men go naked, saving their heads and loins, every man +having something or other hanging at their ears. Their women are covered +from the middle down to the foot, wearing a great number of bracelets +upon their arms; for some had eight upon each arm, being made some of +bone, some of horn, and some of brass, the lightest whereof, by our +estimation, weighed two ounces apiece. With this people linen-cloth is +good merchandise, and of good request; whereof they make rolls for their +heads, and girdles to wear about them. Their island is both rich and +fruitful; rich in gold, silver, copper, and sulphur, wherein they seem +skilful and expert, not only to try the same, but in working it also +artificially into any form and fashion that pleaseth them. Their fruits +be divers and plentiful; as nutmegs, ginger, long pepper, lemons, +cucumbers, cocos, _figu_, _sagu_, with divers other sorts. And among all +the rest we had one fruit, in bigness, form and husk, like a bay berry, +hard of substance and pleasant of taste, which being sudden becometh +soft, and is a most good and wholesome victual; whereof we took +reasonable store, as we did also of the other fruits and spices. So that +to confess a truth, since the time that we first set out of our country +of England, we happened upon no place, Ternate only excepted, wherein we +found more comforts and better means of refreshing. + +At our departure from Barateve, we set our course for Java Major; where +arriving, we found great courtesy, and honourable entertainment. This +island is governed by five kings, whom they call Rajah; as Rajah Donaw, +and Rajah Mang Bange, and Rajah Cabuccapollo, which live as having one +spirit and one mind. Of these five we had four a-shipboard at once, and +two or three often. They are wonderfully delighted in coloured clothes, +as red and green; the upper part of their bodies are naked, save their +heads, whereupon they wear a Turkish roll as do the Maluccians. From the +middle downward they wear a _pintado_ of silk, trailing upon the ground, +in colour as they best like. The Maluccians hate that their women should +be seen of strangers; but these offer them of high courtesy, yea, the +kings themselves. The people are of goodly stature and warlike, well +provided of swords and targets, with daggers, all being of their own +work, and most artificially done, both in tempering their metal, as also +in the form; whereof we bought reasonable store. They have an house in +every village for their common assembly; every day they meet twice, +men, women, and children, bringing with them such victuals as they think +good, some fruits, some rice boiled, some hens roasted, some _sagu_, +having a table made three foot from the ground, whereon they set their +meat, that every person sitting at the table may eat, one rejoicing in +the company of another. They boil their rice in an earthen pot, made in +form of a sugar loaf, being full of holes, as our pots which we water +our gardens withal, and it is open at the great end, wherein they get +their rice dry, without any moisture. In the mean time they have ready +another great earthen pot, as set fast in a furnace, boiling full of +water, whereinto they put their pot with rice, by such measure, that +they swelling become soft at the first, and by their swelling stopping +the holes of the pot, admit no more water to enter, but the more they +are boiled, the harder and more firm substance they become. So that in +the end they are a firm and good bread, of the which with oil, butter, +sugar, and other spices, they make divers sorts of meats very pleasant +of taste, and nourishing to nature. + +Not long before our departure, they told us that not far off there were +such great ships as ours, wishing us to beware; upon this our captain +would stay no longer. From Java Major we sailed for the Cape of Good +Hope, which was the first land we fell withal; neither did we touch with +it, or any other land, until we came to Sierra Leona, upon the coast of +Guinea; notwithstanding we ran hard aboard the cape, finding the +report of the Portugals to be most false who affirm that it is the +most dangerous cape of the world, never without intolerable storms and +present danger to travellers which come near the same. This cape is +a most stately thing, and the fairest cape we saw in the whole +circumference of the earth, and we passed by it the 18th of June. From +thence we continued our course to Sierra Leona, on the coast of Guinea, +where we arrived the 22nd of July, and found necessary provisions, great +store of elephants, oysters upon trees of one kind [mangrove], spawning +and increasing infinitely, the oyster suffering no bud to grow. We +departed thence the four and twentieth day. + +We arrived in England the third of November, 1580, being the third year +of our departure. + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Sir Francis Drake's Famous Voyage +Round the World, by Francis Pretty + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR FRANCIS DRAKE *** + +***** This file should be named 2991.txt or 2991.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/9/9/2991/ + +Produced by Dagny; John Bickers; David Widger + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN ETEXTS*Ver.04.07.00*END* + + + + + +Etext prepared by Dagny, dagnyj@hotmail.com +and John Bickers, jbickers@ihug.co.nz + +PREPARER'S NOTE + This text was prepared from a 1910 edition, published by P F + Collier & Son Company, New York. + + + + + +SIR FRANCIS DRAKE'S FAMOUS VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD + +NARRATIVE BY FRANCIS PRETTY, +ONE OF DRAKE'S GENTLEMEN AT ARMS. + + + + + The FAMOUS VOYAGE of Sir FRANCIS DRAKE into the South Sea, and + therehence about the whole Globe of the Earth, begun in the year + of our Lord 1577. + + +The 15th day of November, in the year of our Lord 1577, Master Francis +Drake, with a fleet of five ships and barks, and to the number of 164 +men, gentlemen and sailors, departed from Plymouth, giving out his +pretended voyage for Alexandria. But the wind falling contrary, he was +forced the next morning to put into Falmouth Haven, in Cornwall, where +such and so terrible a tempest took us, as few men have seen the like, +and was indeed so vehement that all our ships were like to have gone +to wrack. But it pleased God to preserve us from that extremity and to +afflict us only for that present with these two particulars: the mast +of our Admiral, which was the Pelican, was cut overboard for the +safeguard of the ship, and the Marigold was driven ashore, and +somewhat bruised. For the repairing of which damages we returned again +to Plymouth; and having recovered those harms, and brought the ships +again to good state, we set forth the second time from Plymouth, and +set sail the 13th day of December following. + +The 25th day of the same month we fell with the Cape Cantin, upon the +coast of Barbary; and coasting along, the 27th day we found an island +called Mogador, lying one mile distant from the main. Between which +island and the main we found a very good and safe harbour for our +ships to ride in, as also very good entrance, and void of any danger. +On this island our General erected a pinnace, whereof he brought out +of England with him four already framed. While these things were in +doing, there came to the water's side some of the inhabitants of the +country, shewing forth their flags of truce; which being seen of our +General, he sent his ship's boat to the shore to know what they would. +They being willing to come aboard, our men left there one man of our +company for a pledge, and brought two of theirs aboard our ship; which +by signs shewed our General that the next day they would bring some +provision, as sheep, capons, and hens, and such like. Whereupon our +General bestowed amongst them some linen cloth and shoes, and a +javelin, which they very joyfully received, and departed for that +time. The next morning they failed not to come again to the water's +side. And our General again setting out our boat, one of our men +leaping over-rashly ashore, and offering friendly to embrace them, +they set violent hands on him, offering a dagger to his throat if he +had made any resistance; and so laying him on a horse carried him +away. So that a man cannot be too circumspect and wary of himself +among such miscreants. Our pinnace being finished, we departed from +this place the 30th and last day of December, and coasting along the +shore we did descry, not contrary to our expectation, certain +/canters/, which were Spanish fishermen; to whom we gave chase and +took three of them. And proceeding further we met with three carvels, +and took them also. + +The 17th day of January we arrived at Cape Blanco, where we found a +ship riding at anchor, within the Cape, and but two simple mariners in +her. Which ship we took and carried her further into the harbour, +where we remained four days; and in that space our General mustered +and trained his men on land in warlike manner, to make them fit for +all occasions. In this place we took of the fishermen such necessaries +as we wanted, and they could yield us; and leaving here one of our +little barks, called the Benedict, we took with us one of theirs which +they called /canters/, being of the burden of 40 tons or thereabouts. +All these things being finished we departed this harbour the 22nd of +January, carrying along with us one of the Portugal carvels, which was +bound to the islands of Cape Verde for salt, whereof good store is +made in one of those islands. The master or pilot of that carvel did +advertise our General that upon one of those islands, called Mayo, +there was great store of dried /cabritos/ (goats), which a few +inhabitants there dwelling did yearly make ready for such of the +king's ships as did there touch, being bound for his country of Brazil +or elsewhere. We fell with this island the 27th of January, but the +inhabitants would in no case traffic with us, being thereof forbidden +by the king's edict. Yet the next day our General sent to view the +island, and the likelihoods that might be there of the provision of +victuals, about threescore and two men under the conduct and +government of Master Winter and Master Doughty. And marching towards +the chief place of habitation in this island (as by the Portugal we +were informed), having travelled to the mountains the space of three +miles, and arriving there somewhat before the daybreak, we arrested +ourselves, to see day before us. Which appearing, we found the +inhabitants to be fled; but the place, by reason that it was manured, +we found to be more fruitful than the other part, especially the +valleys among the hills. + +Here we gave ourselves a little refreshing, as by very ripe and sweet +grapes, which the fruitfulness of the earth at that season of winter, +it may seems strange that those fruits were then there growing. But +the reason thereof is this, because they being between the tropic and +the equinoctial, the sun passeth twice in the year through their +zenith over their heads, by means whereof they have two summers; and +being so near the heat of the line they never lose the heat of the sun +so much, but the fruits have their increase and continuance in the +midst of winter. The island is wonderfully stored with goats and wild +hens; and it hath salt also, without labour, save only that the people +gather it into heaps; which continually in greater quantity is +increased upon the sands by the flowing of the sea, and the receiving +heat of the sun kerning the same. So that of the increase thereof they +keep a continual traffic with their neighbours. + +Amongst other things we found here a kind of fruit called /cocos/, +which because it is not commonly known with us in England, I thought +good to make some description of it. The tree beareth no leaves nor +branches, but at the very top the fruit groweth in clusters, hard at +the top of the stem of the tree, as big every several fruit as a man's +head; but having taken off the uttermost bark, which you shall find to +be very full of strings or sinews, as I may term them, you shall come +to a hard shell, which may hold a quantity of liquor a pint commonly, +or some a quart, and some less. Within that shell, of the thickness of +half-an-inch good, you shall have a kind of hard substance and very +white, no less good and sweet than almonds; within that again, a +certain clear liquor which being drunk, you shall not only find it +very delicate and sweet, but most comfortable and cordial. + +After we had satisfied ourselves with some of these fruits, we marched +further into the island, and saw great store of /cabritos/ alive, +which were so chased by the inhabitants that we could do no good +towards our provision; but they had laid out, as it were to stop our +mouths withal, certain old dried /cabritos/, which being but ill, and +small and few, we made no account of. Being returned to our ships, our +General departed hence the 31st of this month, and sailed by the +island of Santiago, but far enough from the danger of the inhabitants, +who shot and discharged at us three pieces; but they all fell short of +us, and did us no harm. The island is fair and large, and, as it +seemeth, rich and fruitful, and inhabited by the Portugals; but the +mountains and high places of the island are said to be possessed by +the Moors, who having been slaves to the Portugals, to ease +themselves, made escape to the desert places of the island, where they +abide with great strength. Being before this island, we espied two +ships under sail, to the one of which we gave chase, and in the end +boarded her with a ship-boat without resistance; which we found to be +a good prize, and she yielded unto us good store of wine. Which prize +our General committed to the custody of Master Doughty; and retaining +the pilot, sent the rest away with his pinnace, giving them a butt of +wine and some victuals, and their wearing clothes, and so they +departed. The same night we came with the island called by the +Portugals /Ilha do Fogo/, that is, the burning island; in the north +side whereof is a consuming fire. The matter is said to be of sulphur, +but, notwithstanding, it is like to be a commodious island, because +the Portugals have built, and do inhabit there. Upon the south side +thereof lieth a most pleasant and sweet island, the trees whereof are +always green and fair to look upon; in respect whereof they call it +/Ilha Brava/, that is, the brave island. From the banks thereof into +the sea do run in many places reasonable streams of fresh water easy +to come by, but there was no convenient road for our ships; for such +was the depth that no ground could be had for anchoring. And it is +reported that ground was never found in that place; so that the tops +of /Fogo/ burn not so high in the air, but the roots of /Brava/ are +quenched as low in the sea. + +Being departed from these islands, we drew towards the line, where we +were becalmed the space of three weeks, but yet subject to divers +great storms, terrible lightnings and much thunder. But with this +misery we had the commodity of great store of fish, as dolphins, +bonitos, and flying-fishes, whereof some fell into our ships; +wherehence they could not rise again for want of moisture, for when +their wings are dry they cannot fly. + +From the first day of our departure from the islands of Cape Verde, we +sailed 54 days without sight of land. And the first land that we fell +with was the coast of Brazil, which we saw the fifth of April, in the +height of 33 degrees towards the pole Antarctic. And being discovered +at sea by the inhabitants of the country, they made upon the coast +great fires for a sacrifice (as we learned) to the devils; about which +they use conjurations, making heaps of sand, and other ceremonies, +that when any ship shall go about to stay upon their coast, not only +sands may be gathered together in shoals in every place, but also that +storms and tempests may arise, to the casting away of ships and men, +whereof, as it is reported, there have been divers experiments. + +The 7th day in a mighty great storm, both of lightning, rain, and +thunder, we lost the canter, which we called the Christopher. But the +eleventh day after, by our General's great care in dispersing his +ships, we found her again, and the place where we met our General +called the Cape of Joy, where every ship took in some water. Here we +found a good temperature and sweet air, a very fair and pleasant +country with an exceeding fruitful soil, where were great store of +large and mighty deer, but we came not to the sight of any people; but +travelling further into the country we perceived the footing of people +in the clay ground, shewing that they were men of great stature. Being +returned to our ships we weighed anchor, and ran somewhat further, and +harboured ourselves between the rock and the main; where by means of +the rock that brake the force of the sea, we rid very safe. And upon +this rock we killed for our provision certain sea-wolves, commonly +called with us seals. From hence we went our course to 36 degrees, and +entered the great river of Plate, and ran into 54 and 53 1/2 fathoms +of fresh water, where we filled our water by the ship's side; but our +General finding here no good harborough, as he thought he should, bare +out again to sea the 27th of April, and in bearing out we lost sight +of our fly-boat wherein Master Doughty was. But we, sailing along, +found a fair and reasonable good bay, wherein were many and the same +profitable islands; one whereof had so many seals as would at the +least have laden all our ships, and the rest of the islands are, as it +were, laden with fowls, which is wonderful to see, and they of divers +sorts. It is a place very plentiful of victuals, and hath in it no +want of fresh water. Our General, after certain days of his abode in +this place, being on shore in an island, the people of the country +shewed themselves unto him, leaping and dancing, and entered into +traffic with him, but they would not receive anything at any man's +hands, but the same must be cast upon the ground. They are of clean, +comely, and strong bodies, swift on foot, and seem to be very active. + +The 18th of May, our General thought it needful to have a care of such +ships as were absent; and therefore endeavouring to seek the fly-boat +wherein Master Doughty was, we espied her again the next day. And +whereas certain of our ships were sent to discover the coast and to +search an harbour, the Marigold and the canter being employed in that +business, came unto us and gave us understanding of a safe harbour +that they had found. Wherewith all our ships bare, and entered it; +where we watered and made new provision of victuals, as by seals, +whereof we slew to the number of 200 or 300 in the space of an hour. +Here our General in the Admiral rid close aboard the fly-boat, and +took out of her all the provision of victuals and what else was in +her, and hauling her to the land, set fire to her, and so burnt her to +save the iron work. Which being a-doing, there came down of the +country certain of the people naked, saving only about their waist the +skin of some beast, with the fur or hair on, and something also +wreathed on their heads. Their faces were painted with divers colours, +and some of them had on their heads the similitude of horns, every man +his bow, which was an ell in length, and a couple of arrows. They were +very agile people and quick to deliver, and seemed not to be ignorant +in the feats of wars, as by their order of ranging a few men might +appear. These people would not of a long time receive anything at our +hands; yet at length our General being ashore, and they dancing after +their accustomed manner about him, and he once turning his back +towards them, one leaped suddenly to him, and took his cap with his +gold band off his head, and ran a little distance from him, and shared +it with his fellow, the cap to one and the band to the other. Having +despatched all our business in this place, we departed and set sail. +And immediately upon our setting forth we lost our canter, which was +absent three or four days; but when our General had her again, he took +out the necessaries, and so gave her over, near to the Cape of Good +Hope. The next day after, being the 20th of June, we harboured +ourselves again in a very good harborough, called by Magellan, Port +St. Julian, where we found a gibbet standing upon the main; which we +supposed to be the place where Magellan did execution upon some of his +disobedient and rebellious company. + +The two and twentieth day our General went ashore to the main, and in +his company John Thomas, and Robert Winterhie, Oliver the master- +gunner, John Brewer, Thomas Hood, and Thomas Drake. And entering on +land, they presently met with two or three of the country people. And +Robert Winterhie having in his hands a bow and arrows, went about to +make a shoot of pleasure, and, in his draught, his bowstring brake; +which the rude savages taking as a token of war, began to bend the +force of their bows against our company, and drove them to their +shifts very narrowly. + +In this port our General began to enquire diligently of the actions of +Master Thomas Doughty, and found them not to be such as he looked for, +but tending rather of contention or mutiny, or some other disorder, +whereby, without redress, the success of the voyage might greatly have +been hazarded. Whereupon the company was called together and made +acquainted with the particulars of the cause, which were found, partly +by Master Doughty's own confession, and partly by the evidence of the +fact, to be true. Which when our General saw, although his private +affection to Master Doughty, as he then in the presence of us all +sacredly protested, was great, yet the care he had of the state of the +voyage, of the expectation of her Majesty, and of the honour of his +country did more touch him, as indeed it ought, than the private +respect of one man. So that the cause being thoroughly heard, and all +things done in good order as near as might be to the course of our +laws in England, it was concluded that Master Doughty should receive +punishment according to the quality of the offence. And he, seeing no +remedy but patience for himself, desired before his death to receive +the communion, which he did at the hands of Master Fletcher, our +minister, and our General himself accompanied him in that holy action. +Which being done, and the place of execution made ready, he having +embraced our General, and taken his leave of all the company, with +prayers for the Queen's Majesty and our realm, in quiet sort laid his +head to the block, where he ended his life. This being done, our +General made divers speeches to the whole company, persuading us to +unity, obedience, love, and regard of our voyage; and for the better +confirmation thereof, willed every many in the next Sunday following +to prepare himself to the communion, as Christian brethren and friends +ought to do. Which was done in very reverent sort; and so with good +contentment every man went about his business. + +The 17th of August we departed the port of St. Julian, and the 20th +day we fell with the Strait of Magellan, going into the South Sea; at +the cape or headland whereof we found the body of a dead man, whose +flesh was clean consumed. The 21st day we entered the Strait, which we +found to have many turnings, and as it were shuttings-up, as if there +were no passage at all. By means whereof we had the wind often against +us; so that some of the fleet recovering a cape or point of land, +others should be forced to turn back again, and to come to an anchor +where they could. In this Strait there be many fair harbours, with +store of fresh water. But yet they lack their best commodity, for the +water there is of such depth, that no man shall find ground to anchor +in except it be in some narrow river or corner, or between some rocks; +so that if any extreme blasts or contrary winds do come, whereunto the +place is much subject, it carrieth with it no small danger. The land +on both sides is very huge and mountainous; the lower mountains +whereof, although they be monstrous and wonderful to look upon for +their height, yet there are others which in height exceed them in a +strange manner, reaching themselves above their fellows so high, that +between them did appear three regions of clouds. These mountains are +covered with snow. At both the southerly and easterly parts of the +Strait there are islands, among which the sea hath his indraught into +the Straits, even as it hath in the main entrance of the frete. This +Strait is extreme cold, with frost and snow continually; the trees +seem to stoop with the burden of the weather, and yet are green +continually, and many good and sweet herbs do very plentifully grow +and increase under them. The breadth of the Strait is in some places a +league, in some other places two leagues and three leagues, and in +some other four leagues; but the narrowest place hath a league over. + +The 24th of August we arrived at an island in the Straits, where we +found great store of fowl which could not fly, of the bigness of +geese; whereof we killed in less than one day 3,000, and victualled +ourselves thoroughly therewith. The 6th day of September we entered +the South Sea at the cape or head shore. The 7th day we were driven by +a great storm from the entering into the South Sea, 200 leagues and +odd in longitude, and one degree to the southward of the Strait; in +which height, and so many leagues to the westward, the 15th day of +September, fell out the eclipse of the moon at the hour of six of the +clock at night. But neither did the ecliptical conflict of the moon +impair our state, nor her clearing again amend us a whit; but the +accustomed eclipse of the sea continued in his force, we being +darkened more than the moon sevenfold.[*] + +[*] In this storm the Marigold went down with all hands. + +From the bay which we called the Bay of Severing of Friends, we were +driven back to the southward of the Straits in 57 degrees and a +tierce; in which height we came to an anchor among the islands, having +there fresh and very good water, with herbs of singular virtue. Not +far from hence we entered another bay, where we found people, both men +and women, in their canoes naked, and ranging from one island to +another to seek their meat; who entered traffic with us for such +things as they had. We returning hence northward again, found the +third of October three islands, in one of which was such plenty of +birds as is scant credible to report. The 8th day of October we lost +sight of one of our consorts,[*] wherein Master Winter was; who, as +then we supposed, was put by a storm into the Straits again. Which at +our return home we found to be true, and he not perished, as some of +our company feared. Thus being come into the height of the Straits +again, we ran, supposing the coast of Chili to lie as the general maps +have described it, namely north-west; which we found to lie and trend +to the north-east and eastwards. Whereby it appeareth that this part +of Chili hath not been truly hitherto discovered, or at the least not +truly reported, for the space of twelve degrees at the least; being +set down either of purpose to deceive, or of ignorant conjecture. + +[*] The Elizabeth. Winter, having slight of the Admiral, sailed home. + The Golden Hind was thus left to pursue her voyage alone. + +We continuing our course, fell the 29th of November with an island +called La Mocha, where we cast anchor; and our General, hoisting out +our boat, went with ten of our company to shore. Where we found people +whom the cruel and extreme dealings of the Spaniards have forced, for +their own safety and liberty, to flee from the main, and to fortify +themselves in this island. We being on land, the people came down to +us to the water side with show of great courtesy, bringing to us +potatoes, roots, and two very fat sheep; which our General received, +and gave them other things for them, and had promised to have water +there. But the next day repairing again to the shore, and sending two +men a-land with barrels to fill water, the people taking them for +Spaniards (to whom they use to show no favour if they take them) laid +violent hands on them, and, as we think, slew them. Our General seeing +this, stayed there no longer, but weighed anchor, and set sail towards +the coast of Chili. And drawing towards it, we met near the shore an +Indian in a /canoa/, who thinking us to have been Spaniards, came to +us and told us, that at a place called Santiago, there was a great +Spanish ship laden from the kingdom of Peru; for which good news our +General gave him divers trifles. Whereof he was glad, and went along +with us and brought us to the place, which is called the port of +Valparaiso. When we came thither we found, indeed, the ship riding at +anchor, having in her eight Spaniards and three negroes; who, thinking +us to have been Spaniards, and their friends, welcomed us with a drum, +and made ready a /botija/ of wine of Chili to drink to us. But as soon +as we were entered, one of our company called Thomas Moon began to lay +about him, and struck one of the Spaniards, and said unto him, /Abaxo/ +perro!/ that is in English, 'Go down, dog!' One of these Spaniards, +seeing persons of that quality in those seas, crossed and blessed +himself. But, to be short, we stowed them under hatches, all save one +Spaniard, who suddenly and desperately leapt overboard into the sea, +and swam ashore to the town of Santiago, to give them warning of our +arrival. + +They of the town, being not above nine households, presently fled away +and abandoned the town. Our General manned his boat and the Spanish +ship's boat, and went to the town; and, being come to it, we rifled +it, and came to a small chapel, which we entered, and found therein a +silver chalice, two cruets, and one altar-cloth, the spoil whereof our +General gave to Master Fletcher, his minister. We found also in this +town a warehouse stored with wine of Chili and many boards of cedar- +wood; all which wine we brought away with us, and certain of the +boards to burn for firewood. And so, being come aboard, we departed +the haven, having first set all the Spaniards on land, saving one John +Griego, a Greek born, whom our General carried with him as pilot to +bring him into the haven of Lima. + +When we were at sea our General rifled the ship, and found in her good +store of the wine of Chili, and 25,000 pesos of very pure and fine +gold of Valdivia, amounting in value to 37,000 ducats of Spanish +money, and above. So, going on our course, we arrived next at a place +called Coquimbo, where our General sent fourteen of his men on land to +fetch water. But they were espied by the Spaniards, who came with 300 +horsemen and 200 footmen, and slew one of our men with a piece. The +rest came aboard in safety, and the Spaniards departed. We went on +shore again and buried our man, and the Spaniards came down again with +a flag of truce; but we set sail, and would not trust them. From hence +we went to a certain port called Tarapaca; where, being landed, we +found by the sea side a Spaniard lying asleep, who had lying by him +thirteen bars of silver, which weighed 4,000 ducats Spanish. We took +the silver and left the man. Not far from hence, going on land for +fresh water, we met with a Spaniard and an Indian boy driving eight +llamas or sheep of Peru, which are as big as asses; every of which +sheep had on his back two bags of leather, each bag containing 50 lb. +weight of fine silver. So that, bringing both the sheep and their +burthen to the ships, we found in all the bags eight hundred weight of +silver. + +Herehence we sailed to a place called Arica; and, being entered the +port, we found there three small barks, which we rifled, and found in +one of them fifty-seven wedges of silver, each of them weighing about +20 lb. weight, and every of these wedges were of the fashion and +bigness of a brickbat. In all these three barks, we found not one +person. For they, mistrusting no strangers, were all gone a-land to +the town, which consisteth of about twenty houses; which we would have +ransacked if our company had been better and more in number. But our +General, contented with the spoil of the ships, left the town and put +off again to sea, and set sail for Lima, and, by the way, met with a +small bark, which he boarded, and found in her good store of linen +cloth. Whereof taking some quantity, he let her go. + +To Lima we came the 13th of February; and, being entered the haven, we +found there about twelve sail of ships lying fast moored at an anchor, +having all their sails carried on shore; for the masters and merchants +were here most secure, having never been assaulted by enemies, and at +this time feared the approach of none such as we were. Our General +rifled these ships, and found in one of them a chest full of reals of +plate, and good store of silks and linen cloth; and took the chest +into his own ship, and good store of the silks and linen. In which +ship he had news of another ship called the Cacafuego, which was gone +towards Payta, and that the same ship was laden with treasure. +Whereupon we stayed no longer here, but, cutting all the cables of the +ships in the haven, we let them drive wither they would, either to sea +or to the shore; and with all speed we followed the Cacafuego toward +Payta, thinking there to have found her. But before we arrived there +she was gone from thence towards Panama; whom our General still +pursued, and by the way met with a bark laden with ropes and tackle +for ships, which he boarded and searched, and found in her 80 lb. +weight of gold, and a crucifix of gold with goodly great emeralds set +in it, which he took, and some of the cordage also for his own ship. +From hence we departed, still following the Cacafuego; and our General +promised our company that whosoever should first descry her should +have his chain of gold for his good news. It fortuned that John Drake, +going up into the top, descried her about three of the clock. And +about six of the clock we came to her and boarded her, and shot at her +three pieces of ordnance, and strake down her mizen; and, being +entered, we found in her great riches, as jewels and precious stones, +thirteen chests full of reals of plate, fourscore pound weight of +gold, and six-and-twenty ton of silver. The place where we took this +prize was called Cape de San Francisco, about 150 leagues [south] from +Panama. The pilot's name of this ship was Francisco; and amongst other +plate that our General found in this ship he found two very fair gilt +bowls of silver, which were the pilot's. To whom our General said, +/Senor Pilot, you have here two silver cups, but I must needs have one +of them/; which the pilot, because he could not otherwise choose, +yielded unto, and gave the other to the steward of our General's ship. +When this pilot departed from us, his boy said thus unto our General: +/Captain, our ship shall be called no more the Cacafuego, but the +Cacaplata, and your ship shall be called the Cacafuego/. Which pretty +speech of the pilot's boy ministered matter of laughter to us, both +then and long after. When our General had done what he would with this +Cacafuego, he cast her off, and we went on our course still towards +the west; and not long after met with a ship laden with linen cloth +and fine China dishes of white earth, and great store of China silks, +of all which things we took as we listed. The owner himself of this +ship was in her, who was a Spanish gentleman, from whom our General +took a falcon of gold, with a great emerald in the breast thereof; and +the pilot of the ship he took also with him, and so cast the ship off. + +This pilot brought us to the haven of Guatulco, the town whereof, as +he told us, had but 17 Spaniards in it. As soon as we were entered +this haven, we landed, and went presently to the town and to the town- +house; where we found a judge sitting in judgment, being associated +with three other officers, upon three negroes that had conspired the +burning of the town. Both which judges and prisoners we took, and +brought them a-shipboard, and caused the chief judge to write his +letter to the town to command all the townsmen to avoid, that we might +safely water there. Which being done, and they departed, we ransacked +the town; and in one house we found a pot, of the quantity of a +bushel, full of reals of plate, which we brought to our ship. And here +one Thomas Moon, one of our company, took a Spanish gentleman as he +was flying out of the town; and, searching him, he found a chain of +gold about him, and other jewels, which he took, and so let him go. At +this place our General, among other Spaniards, set ashore his Portugal +pilot which he took at the islands of Cape Verde out of a ship of St. +Mary port, of Portugal. And having set them ashore we departed hence, +and sailed to the island of Canno; where our General landed, and +brought to shore his own ship, and discharged her, mended and graved +her, and furnished our ship with water and wood sufficiently. + +And while we were here we espied a ship and set sail after her, and +took her, and found in her two pilots and a Spanish governor, going +for the islands of the Philippinas. We searched the ship, and took +some of her merchandises, and so let her go. Our General at this place +and time, thinking himself, both in respect of his private injuries +received from the Spaniards, as also of their contempts and +indignities offered to our country and prince in general, sufficiently +satisfied and revenged; and supposing that her Majesty at his return +would rest contented with this service, purposed to continue no longer +upon the Spanish coast, but began to consider and to consult of the +best way for his country. + +He thought it not good to return by the Straits, for two special +causes; the one, lest the Spaniards should there wait and attend for +him in great number and strength, whose hands, he, being left but one +ship, could not possibly escape. The other cause was the dangerous +situation of the mouth of the Straits in the South Sea; where +continual storms reigning and blustering, as he found by experience, +besides the shoals and sands upon the coast, he thought it not a good +course to adventure that way. He resolved, therefore, to avoid these +hazards, to go forward to the Islands of the Malucos, and therehence +to sail the course of the Portugals by the Cape of Buena Esperanza. +Upon this resolution he began to think of his best way to the Malucos, +and finding himself, where he now was, becalmed, he saw that of +necessity he must be forced to take a Spanish course; namely, to sail +somewhat northerly to get a good wind. We therefore set sail, and +sailed 600 leagues at the least for a good wind; and thus much we +sailed from the 16th of April till the third of June. + +The fifth of June, being in 43 degrees towards the pole Arctic, we +found the air so cold, that our men being grievously pinched with the +same, complained of the extremity thereof; and the further we went, +the more the cold increased upon us. Whereupon we thought it best for +that time to seek the land, and did so; finding it not mountainous but +low plain land, till we came within 38 degrees towards the line. In +which height it pleased God to send us into a fair and good bay, with +a good wind to enter the same. In this bay we anchored; and the people +of the country, having their houses close by the water's side, shewed +themselves unto us, and sent a present to our General. When they came +unto us, they greatly wondered at the things that we brought. But our +General, according to his natural and accustomed humanity, courteously +intreated them, and liberally bestowed on them necessary things to +cover their nakedness; whereupon they supposed us to be gods, and +would not be persuaded to the contrary. The presents which they sent +to our General, were feathers, and cauls of network. Their houses are +digged round about with earth, and have from the uttermost brims of +the circle, clifts of wood set upon them, joining close together at +the top like a spire steeple, which by reason of that closeness are +very warm. Their bed is the ground with rushes strowed on it; and +lying about the house, [they] have the fire in the midst. The men go +naked; the women take bulrushes, and kemb them after the manner of +hemp, and thereof make their loose garments, which being knit about +their middles, hang down about their hips, having also about their +shoulders a skin of deer, with the hair upon it. These women are very +obedient and serviceable to their husbands. + +After they were departed from us, they came and visited us the second +time, and brought with them feathers and bags of /tabacco/ for +presents. And when they came to the top of the hill, at the bottom +whereof we had pitched our tents, they stayed themselves; where one +appointed for speaker wearied himself with making a long oration; +which done, they left their bows upon the hill, and came down with +their presents. In the meantime the women, remaining upon the hill, +tormented themselves lamentably, tearing their flesh from their +cheeks, whereby we perceived that they were about a sacrifice. In the +meantime our General with his company went to prayer, and to reading +of the Scriptures, at which exercise they were attentive, and seemed +greatly to be affected with it; but when they were come unto us, they +restored again unto us those things which before we bestowed upon +them. The news of our being there being spread through the country, +the people that inhabited round about came down, and amongst them the +king himself, a man of a goodly stature, and comely personage, and +with many other tall and warlike men; before whose coming were sent +two ambassadors to our General, to signify that their king was coming, +in doing of which message, their speech was continued about half an +hour. This ended, they by signs requested our General to send +something by their hand to their king, as a token that his coming +might be in peace. Wherein our General having satisfied them, they +returned with glad tidings to their king, who marched to us with a +princely majesty, the people crying continually after their manner; +and as they drew near unto us, so did they strive to behave themselves +in their actions with comeliness. In the fore-front was a man of +goodly personage, who bare the sceptre or mace before the king; +whereupon hanged two crowns, a less and a bigger, with three chains of +a marvellous length. The crowns were made of knit work, wrought +artificially with feathers of divers colours. The chains were made of +a bony substance, and few be the persons among them that are admitted +to wear them; and of that number also the persons are stinted, as some +ten, some twelve, etc. Next unto him which bare the sceptre, was the +king himself, with his guard about his person, clad with coney skins, +and other skins. After them followed the naked common sort of people, +every one having his face painted, some with white, some with black, +and other colours, and having in their hands one thing or another for +a present. Not so much as their children, but they also brought their +presents. + +In the meantime our General gathered his men together, and marched +within his fenced place, making, against their approaching, a very +warlike show. They being trooped together in their order, and a +general salutation being made, there was presently a general silence. +Then he that bare the sceptre before the king, being informed by +another, whom they assigned to that office, with a manly and lofty +voice proclaimed that which the other spake to him in secret, +continuing half an hour. Which ended, and a general /Amen/, as it +were, given, the king with the whole number of men and women, the +children excepted, came down without any weapon; who, descending to +the foot of the hill, set themselves in order. In coming towards our +bulwarks and tents, the sceptre-bearer began a song, observing his +measures in a dance, and that with a stately countenance; whom the +king with his guard, and every degree of persons, following, did in +like manner sing and dance, saving only the women, which danced and +kept silence. The General permitted them to enter within our bulwark, +where they continued their song and dance a reasonable time. When they +had satisfied themselves, they made signs to our General to sit down; +to whom the king and divers others made several orations, or rather +supplications, that he would take their province and kingdom into his +hand, and become their king, making signs that they would resign unto +him their right and title of the whole land, and become his subjects. +In which, to persuade us the better, the king and the rest, with one +consent, and with great reverence, joyfully singing a song, did set +the crown upon his head, enriched his neck with all their chains, and +offered him many other things, honouring him by the name of /Hioh/, +adding thereunto, as it seemed, a sign of triumph; which thing our +General thought not meet to reject, because he knew not what honour +and profit it might be to our country. Wherefore in the name, and to +the use of her Majesty, he took the sceptre, crown, and dignity of the +said country into his hands, wishing that the riches and treasure +thereof might so conveniently be transported to the enriching of her +kingdom at home, as it aboundeth in the same. + +The common sort of people, leaving the king and his guard with our +General, scattered themselves together with their sacrifices among our +people, taking a diligent view of every person: and such as pleased +their fancy (which were the youngest), they enclosing them about +offered their sacrifices unto them with lamentable weeping, scratching +and tearing their flesh from their faces with their nails, whereof +issued abundance of blood. But we used signs to them of disliking +this, and stayed their hands from force, and directed them upwards to +the living God, whom only they ought to worship. They shewed unto us +their wounds, and craved help of them at our hands; whereupon we gave +them lotions, plaisters, and ointments agreeing to the state of their +griefs, beseeching God to cure their diseases. Every third day they +brought their sacrifices unto us, until they understood our meaning, +that we had no pleasure in them; yet they could not be long absent +from us, but daily frequented our company to the hour of our +departure, which departure seemed so grievous unto them, that their +joy was turned into sorrow. They entreated us, that being absent we +would remember them, and by stealth provided a sacrifice, which we +misliked. + +Our necessary business being ended, our General with his company +travelled up into the country to their villages, where we found herds +of deer by a thousand in a company, being most large, and fat of body. +We found the whole country to be a warren of a strange kind of coneys; +their bodies in bigness as be the Barbary coneys, their heads as the +heads of ours, the feet of a want [mole], and the tail of a rat, being +of great length. Under her chin is on either side a bag, into the +which she gathereth her meat, when she hath filled her belly abroad. +The people eat their bodies, and make great account of their skins, +for their king's coat was made of them. Our General called this +country Nova Albion, and that for two causes; the one in respect of +the white banks and cliffs, which lie towards the sea, and the other, +because it might have some affinity with our country in name, which +sometime was so called. There is no part of earth here to be taken up, +wherein there is not some probable show of gold or silver. + +At our departure hence our General set up a monument of our being +there, as also of her Majesty's right and title to the same; namely a +plate, nailed upon a fair great post, whereupon was engraved her +Majesty's name, the day and year of our arrival there, with the free +giving up of the province and people into her Majesty's hands, +together with her Highness' picture and arms, in a piece of six pence +of current English money, under the plate, whereunder was also written +the name of our General. + +It seemeth that the Spaniards hitherto had never been in this part of +the country, neither did ever discover the land by many degrees to the +southwards of this place. + +After we had set sail from hence, we continued without sight of land +till the 13th day of October following, which day in the morning we +fell with certain islands eight degrees to the northward of the line, +from which islands came in a great number of /canoas/, having in some +of them four, in some six, and in some also fourteen men, bringing +with them cocos and other fruits. Their /canoas/ were hollow within +and cut with great art and cunning, being very smooth within and +without, and bearing a gloss as if it were a horn daintily burnished, +having a prow and a stern of one sort, yielding inward circle-wise, +being of a great height, and full of certain white shells for a +bravery; and on each side of them lie out two pieces of timber about a +yard and a half long, more or less, according to the smallness or +bigness of the boat. These people have the nether part of their ears +cut into a round circle, hanging down very low upon their cheeks, +whereon they hang things of a reasonable weight. The nails of their +hands are an inch long, their teeth are as black as pitch, and they +renew them often, by eating of an herb with a kind of powder, which +they always carry about them in a cane for the same purpose. + +Leaving this island the night after we fell with it, the 18th of +October we lighted upon divers others, some whereof made a great show +of inhabitants. We continued our course by the islands of Tagulanda, +Zelon, and Zewarra, being friends to the Portugals, the first whereof +hath growing in it great store of cinnamon. The 14th of November we +fell in with the islands of Maluco. Which day at night (having +directed our course to run with Tidore) in coasting along the island +of Mutyr, belonging to the king of Ternate, his deputy or vice-king +seeing us at sea, come with his /canoa/ to us without all fear, and +came aboard; and after some conference with our General, willed him in +any wise to run in with Ternate, and not with Tidore, assuring him +that the king would be glad of his coming, and would be ready to do +what he would require, for which purpose he himself would that night +be with the king, and tell him the news. With whom if he once dealt, +we should find that if he went to Tidore before he came to Ternate, +the king would have nothing to do with us, because he held the +Portugal as his enemy. Whereupon our General resolved to run with +Ternate. Where the next morning early we came to anchor; at which time +our General sent a messenger to the king, with a velvet cloak for a +present and token of his coming to lie in peace, and that he required +nothing but traffic and exchange of merchandise, whereof he had good +store, in such things as he wanted. + +In the meantime the vice-king had been with the king according to his +promise, signifying unto him what good things he might receive from us +by traffic. Whereby the king was moved with great liking towards us, +and sent to our General, with special message, that he should have +what things he needed and would require, with peace and friendship; +and moreover that he would yield himself and the right of his island +to be at the pleasure and commandment of so famous a prince as we +served. In token whereof he sent to our General a signet; and within +short time after came in his own person, with boats and /canoas/, to +our ship, to bring her into a better and safer road than she was in at +that present. In the meantime, our General's messenger, being come to +the Court, was met by certain noble personages with great solemnity, +and brought to the king, at whose hands he was most friendly and +graciously entertained. + +The king, purposing to come to our ship, sent before four great and +large /canoas/, in every one whereof were certain of his greatest +states (men of property or estate) that were about him, attired in +white lawn of cloth of Calicut, having over their heads, from the one +end of the /canoa/ to the other, a covering of thin perfumed mats, +borne up with a frame made of reeds for the same use; under which +every one did sit in his order according to his dignity, to keep him +from the heat of the sun; divers of whom being of good age and +gravity, did make an ancient and fatherly show. There were also divers +young and comely men attired in white, as were the others; the rest +were soldiers, which stood in comely order round about on both sides. +Without whom sat the rowers in certain galleries; which being three on +a side all along the /canoas/, did lie off from the side thereof three +or four yards, one being orderly builded lower than another, in every +of which galleries were the number of fourscore rowers. These /canoas/ +were furnished with warlike munition, every man for the most part +having his sword and target, with his dagger, beside other weapons, as +lances, calivers, darts, bows and arrows; also every /canoa/ had a +small cast base mounted at the least one full yard upon a stock set +upright. Thus coming near our ship, in order, they rowed about us one +after another, and passing by, did their homage with great solemnity; +the great personages beginning with great gravity and fatherly +countenances, signifying that the king had sent them to conduct our +ship into a better road. Soon after the king himself repaired, +accompanied with six grave and ancient persons, who did their +obeisance with marvellous humility. The king was a man of tall +stature, and seemed to be much delighted with the sound of our music; +to whom, as also to his nobility, our General gave presents, wherewith +they were passing well contented. + +At length the king craved leave of our General to depart, promising +the next day to come aboard, and in the meantime to send us such +victuals as were necessary for our provision. So that the same night +we received of them meal, which they call /sagu/, made of the tops of +certain trees, tasting in the mouth like sour curds, but melteth like +sugar, whereof they make certain cakes, which may be kept the space of +ten years, and yet then good to be eaten. We had of them store of +rice, hens, unperfect and liquid sugar, sugar-canes, and a fruit which +they call /figo/ (plantains), with store of cloves. + +The king having promised to come aboard, brake his promise, but sent +his brother to make his excuse, and to entreat our General to come on +shore, offering himself pawn aboard for his safe return. Whereunto our +General consented not, upon mislike conceived of the breach of his +promise; the whole company also utterly refusing it. But to satisfy +him, our General sent certain of his gentlemen to the Court, to +accompany the king's brother, reserving the vice-king for their safe +return. They were received of another brother of the king's, and other +states, and were conducted with great honour to the castle. The place +that they were brought unto was a large and fair house, where were at +the least a thousand persons assembled. + +The king being yet absent, there sat in their places 60 grave +personages, all which were said to be of the king's council. There +were besides four grave persons, apparelled all in red, down to the +ground, and attired on their heads like the Turks; and these were said +to be Romans [probably Greeks] and ligiers [resident agents] there to +keep continual traffic with the people of Ternate. There were also two +Turks ligiers in this place, and one Italian. The king at last came in +guarded with twelve lances, covered over with a rich canopy with +embossed gold. Our men, accompanied with one of their captains called +Moro, rising to meet him, he graciously did welcome and entertain +them. He was attired after the manner of the country, but more +sumptuously than the rest. From his waist down to the ground was all +cloth of gold, and the same very rich; his legs were bare, but on his +feet were a pair of shoes, made of Cordovan skin. In the attire of his +head were finely wreathed hooped rings of gold, and about his neck he +had a chain of perfect gold, the links whereof were great, and one +fold double. On his fingers he had six very fair jewels; and sitting +in his chair of state, at his right hand stood a page with a fan in +his hand, breathing and gathering the air to the king. The same was in +length two foot, and in breadth one foot, set with eight sapphires +richly embroidered, and knit to a staff three foot in length, by the +which the page did hold and move it. Our gentlemen having delivered +their message and received order accordingly, were licensed to depart, +being safely conducted back again by one of the king's council. This +island is the chief of all the islands of Maluco, and the king hereof +is king of 70 islands besides. The king with his people are Moors in +religion, observing certain new moons, with fastings; during which +fasts they neither eat nor drink in the day, but in the night. + +After that our gentlemen were returned, and that we had here by the +favour of the king received all necessary things that the place could +yield us; our General considering the great distance, and how far he +was yet off from his country, thought it not best here to linger the +time any longer, but weighing his anchors, set out of the island, and +sailed to a certain little island to the southwards of Celebes, where +we graved our ship, and continued there, in that and other businesses, +26 days. This island is thoroughly grown with wood of a large and high +growth, very straight, and without boughs, save only in the head or +top, whose leaves are not much differing from our broom in England. +Amongst these trees night by night, through the whole land, did shew +themselves an infinite swarm of fiery worms flying in the air, whose +bodies being no bigger than our common English flies, make such a show +and light as if every twig or tree had been a burning candle. In this +place breedeth also wonderful store of bats, as big as large hens. Of +crayfishes also here wanted no plenty, and they of exceeding bigness, +one whereof was sufficient for four hungry stomachs at a dinner, being +also very good and restoring meat, whereof we had experience: and they +dig themselves holes in the earth like coneys. + +When we had ended our business here we weighed, and set sail to run +for the Malucos. But having at that time a bad wind, and being amongst +the islands, with much difficulty we recovered to the northward of the +island of Celebes; where by reason of contrary winds, not able to +continue our course to run westwards, we were enforced to alter the +same to the southward again, finding that course also to be very hard +and dangerous for us, by reason of infinite shoals which lie off and +among the islands; whereof we had too much trial, to the hazard and +danger of our ship and lives. For, of all other days, upon the 9th of +January, in the year 1579 [1580], we ran suddenly upon a rock, where +we stuck fast from eight of the clock at night till four of the clock +in the afternoon the next day, being indeed out of all hope to escape +the danger. But our General, as he had always hitherto shewed himself +courageous, and of a good confidence in the mercy and protection of +God, so now he continued in the same. And lest he should seem to +perish wilfully, both he and we did our best endeavour to save +ourselves; which it pleased God so to bless, that in the end we +cleared ourselves most happily of the danger. + +We lighted our ship upon the rocks of three tons of cloves, eight +pieces of ordnance, and certain meal and beans; and then the wind, as +it were in a moment by the special grace of God, changing from the +starboard to the larboard of the ship, we hoisted our sails, and the +happy gale drove our ship off the rock into the sea again, to the no +little comfort of all our hearts, for which we gave God such praise +and thanks, as so great a benefit required. + +The 8th of February following, we fell with the fruitful island of +Barateve, having in the mean time suffered many dangers by winds and +shoals. The people of this island are comely in body and stature, and +of a civil behaviour, just in dealing, and courteous to strangers; +whereof we had the experience sundry ways, they being most glad of our +presence, and very ready to relieve our wants in those things which +their country did yield. The men go naked, saving their heads and +loins, every man having something or other hanging at their ears. +Their women are covered from the middle down to the foot, wearing a +great number of bracelets upon their arms; for some had eight upon +each arm, being made some of bone, some of horn, and some of brass, +the lightest whereof, by our estimation, weighed two ounces apiece. +With this people linen-cloth is good merchandise, and of good request; +whereof they make rolls for their heads, and girdles to wear about +them. Their island is both rich and fruitful; rich in gold, silver, +copper, and sulphur, wherein they seem skilful and expert, not only to +try the same, but in working it also artificially into any form and +fashion that pleaseth them. Their fruits be divers and plentiful; as +nutmegs, ginger, long pepper, lemons, cucumbers, cocos, /figu/, +/sagu/, with divers other sorts. And among all the rest we had one +fruit, in bigness, form and husk, like a bay berry, hard of substance +and pleasant of taste, which being sudden becometh soft, and is a most +good and wholesome victual; whereof we took reasonable store, as we +did also of the other fruits and spices. So that to confess a truth, +since the time that we first set out of our country of England, we +happened upon no place, Ternate only excepted, wherein we found more +comforts and better means of refreshing. + +At our departure from Barateve, we set our course for Java Major; +where arriving, we found great courtesy, and honourable entertainment. +This island is governed by five kings, whom they call Rajah; as Rajah +Donaw, and Rajah Mang Bange, and Rajah Cabuccapollo, which live as +having one spirit and one mind. Of these five we had four a-shipboard +at once, and two or three often. They are wonderfully delighted in +coloured clothes, as red and green; the upper part of their bodies are +naked, save their heads, whereupon they wear a Turkish roll as do the +Maluccians. From the middle downward they wear a /pintado/ of silk, +trailing upon the ground, in colour as they best like. The Maluccians +hate that their women should be seen of strangers; but these offer +them of high courtesy, yea, the kings themselves. The people are of +goodly stature and warlike, well provided of swords and targets, with +daggers, all being of their own work, and most artificially done, both +in tempering their metal, as also in the form; whereof we bought +reasonable store. They have an house in every village for their common +assembly; every day they meet twice, men, women, and children, +bringing with them such victuals as they think good, some fruits, some +rice boiled, some hens roasted, some /sagu/, having a table made three +foot from the ground, whereon they set their meat, that every person +sitting at the table may eat, one rejoicing in the company of another. +They boil their rice in an earthen pot, made in form of a sugar loaf, +being full of holes, as our pots which we water our gardens withal, +and it is open at the great end, wherein they get their rice dry, +without any moisture. In the mean time they have ready another great +earthen pot, as set fast in a furnace, boiling full of water, +whereinto they put their pot with rice, by such measure, that they +swelling become soft at the first, and by their swelling stopping the +holes of the pot, admit no more water to enter, but the more they are +boiled, the harder and more firm substance they become. So that in the +end they are a firm and good bread, of the which with oil, butter, +sugar, and other spices, they make divers sorts of meats very pleasant +of taste, and nourishing to nature. + +Not long before our departure, they told us that not far off there +were such great ships as ours, wishing us to beware; upon this our +captain would stay no longer. From Java Major we sailed for the Cape +of Good Hope, which was the first land we fell withal; neither did we +touch with it, or any other land, until we came to Sierra Leona, upon +the coast of Guinea; notwithstanding we ran hard aboard the cape, +finding the report of the Portugals to be most false who affirm that +it is the most dangerous cape of the world, never without intolerable +storms and present danger to travellers which come near the same. This +cape is a most stately thing, and the fairest cape we saw in the whole +circumference of the earth, and we passed by it the 18th of June. From +thence we continued our course to Sierra Leona, on the coast of +Guinea, where we arrived the 22nd of July, and found necessary +provisions, great store of elephants, oysters upon trees of one kind +[mangrove], spawning and increasing infinitely, the oyster suffering +no bud to grow. We departed thence the four and twentieth day. + +We arrived in England the third of November, 1580, being the third +year of our departure. + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Etext Francis Drake's Voyage Round the World + diff --git a/old/fdvrw10.zip b/old/fdvrw10.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..e1e5733 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/fdvrw10.zip |