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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Spanish Passions: Old Age and Death
+by Jacques Casanova de Seingalt
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Spanish Passions: Old Age and Death
+       The Memoirs Of Jacques Casanova De Seingalt 1725-1798
+
+Author: Jacques Casanova de Seingalt
+
+Release Date: October 31, 2006 [EBook #2980]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD AGE AND DEATH ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Widger
+
+
+
+
+
+MEMOIRS OF JACQUES CASANOVA de SEINGALT 1725-1798
+
+SPANISH PASSIONS, Volume 6e--OLD AGE AND DEATH
+
+THE MEMOIRS OF JACQUES CASANOVA DE SEINGALT THE RARE UNABRIDGED LONDON
+EDITION OF 1894 TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR MACHEN TO WHICH HAS BEEN ADDED THE
+CHAPTERS DISCOVERED BY ARTHUR SYMONS.
+
+
+
+
+OLD AGE AND DEATH OF CASANOVA
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX AND SUPPLEMENT
+
+Whether the author died before the work was complete, whether the
+concluding volumes were destroyed by himself or his literary executors,
+or whether the MS. fell into bad hands, seems a matter of uncertainty,
+and the materials available towards a continuation of the Memoirs are
+extremely fragmentary. We know, however, that Casanova at last succeeded
+in obtaining his pardon from the authorities of the Republic, and he
+returned to Venice, where he exercised the honourable office of secret
+agent of the State Inquisitors--in plain language, he became a spy. It
+seems that the Knight of the Golden Spur made a rather indifferent
+"agent;" not surely, as a French writer suggests, because the dirty work
+was too dirty for his fingers, but probably because he was getting old
+and stupid and out-of-date, and failed to keep in touch with new forms of
+turpitude. He left Venice again and paid a visit to Vienna, saw beloved
+Paris once more, and there met Count Wallenstein, or Waldstein. The
+conversation turned on magic and the occult sciences, in, which Casanova
+was an adept, as the reader of the Memoirs will remember, and the count
+took a fancy to the charlatan. In short Casanova became librarian at the
+count's Castle of Dux, near Teplitz, and there he spent the fourteen
+remaining years of his life.
+
+As the Prince de Ligne (from whose Memoirs we learn these particulars)
+remarks, Casanova's life had been a stormy and adventurous one, and it
+might have been expected that he would have found his patron's library a
+pleasant refuge after so many toils and travels. But the man carried
+rough weather and storm in his own heart, and found daily opportunities
+of mortification and resentment. The coffee was ill made, the maccaroni
+not cooked in the true Italian style, the dogs had bayed during the
+night, he had been made to dine at a small table, the parish priest had
+tried to convert him, the soup had been served too hot on purpose to
+annoy him, he had not been introduced to a distinguished guest, the count
+had lent a book without telling him, a groom had not taken off his hat;
+such were his complaints. The fact is Casanova felt his dependent
+position and his utter poverty, and was all the more determined to stand
+to his dignity as a man who had talked with all the crowned heads of
+Europe, and had fought a duel with the Polish general. And he had another
+reason for finding life bitter--he had lived beyond his time. Louis XV.
+was dead, and Louis XVI. had been guillotined; the Revolution had come;
+and Casanova, his dress, and his manners, appeared as odd and antique as
+some "blood of the Regency" would appear to us of these days. Sixty years
+before, Marcel, the famous dancing-master, had taught young Casanova how
+to enter a room with a lowly and ceremonious bow; and still, though the
+eighteenth century is drawing to a close, old Casanova enters the rooms
+of Dux with the same stately bow, but now everyone laughs. Old Casanova
+treads the grave measures of the minuet; they applauded his dancing once,
+but now everyone laughs. Young Casanova was always dressed in the height
+of the fashion; but the age of powder, wigs, velvets, and silks has
+departed, and old Casanova's attempts at elegance ("Strass" diamonds have
+replaced the genuine stones with him) are likewise greeted with laughter.
+No wonder the old adventurer denounces the whole house of Jacobins and
+canaille; the world, he feels, is permanently out of joint for him;
+everything is cross, and everyone is in a conspiracy to drive the iron
+into his soul.
+
+At last these persecutions, real or imaginary, drive him away from Dux;
+he considers his genius bids him go, and, as before, he obeys. Casanova
+has but little pleasure or profit out of this his last journey; he has to
+dance attendance in ante-chambers; no one will give him any office,
+whether as tutor, librarian, or chamberlain. In one quarter only is he
+well received--namely, by the famous Duke of Weimar; but in a few days he
+becomes madly jealous of the duke's more famous proteges, Goethe and
+Wieland, and goes off declaiming against them and German literature
+generally--with which literature he was wholly unacquainted. From Weimar
+to Berlin; where there are Jews to whom he has introductions. Casanova
+thinks them ignorant, superstitious, and knavish; but they lend him
+money, and he gives bills on Count Wallenstein, which are paid. In six
+weeks the wanderer returns to Dux, and is welcomed with open arms; his
+journeys are over at last.
+
+But not his troubles. A week after his return there are strawberries at
+dessert; everyone is served before himself, and when the plate comes
+round to him it is empty. Worse still: his portrait is missing from his
+room, and is discovered 'salement placarde a la porte des lieux
+d'aisance'!
+
+Five more years of life remained to him. They were passed in such petty
+mortifications as we have narrated, in grieving over his 'afreuse
+vieillesse', and in laments over the conquest of his native land Venice,
+once so splendid and powerful. His appetite began to fail, and with it
+failed his last source of pleasure, so death came to him somewhat as a
+release. He received the sacraments with devotion, exclaimed,--
+
+"Grand Dieu, et vous tous temoins de ma mort, j'ai vecu en philosophe, et
+je meurs en Chretien," and so died.
+
+It was a quiet ending to a wonderfully brilliant and entirely useless
+career. It has been suggested that if the age in which Casanova lived had
+been less corrupt, he himself might have used his all but universal
+talents to some advantage, but to our mind Casanova would always have
+remained Casanova. He came of a family of adventurers, and the reader of
+his Memoirs will remark how he continually ruined his prospects by his
+ineradicable love for disreputable company. His "Bohemianism" was in his
+blood, and in his old age he regrets--not his past follies, but his
+inability to commit folly any longer. Now and again we are inclined to
+pronounce Casanova to be an amiable man; and if to his generosity and
+good nature he had added some elementary knowledge of the distinction
+between right and wrong, he might certainly have laid some claim to the
+character. The Prince de Ligne draws the following portrait of him under
+the name of Aventuros:
+
+"He would be a handsome man if he were not ugly; he is tall and strongly
+built, but his dark complexion and his glittering eyes give him a fierce
+expression. He is easier to annoy than amuse; he laughs little but makes
+others laugh by the peculiar turn he gives to his conversation. He knows
+everything except those matters on the knowledge of which he chiefly
+prides himself, namely, dancing, the French language, good taste, and
+knowledge of the world. Everything about him is comic, except his
+comedies; and all his writings are philosophical, saving those which
+treat of philosophy. He is a perfect well of knowledge, but he quotes
+Homer and Horace ad nauseam."
+
+                SUPPLEMENT
+                  TO
+
+               THE MEMOIRS OF
+              JACQUES CASANOVA
+               DE SEINGALT
+     Containing an Outline of Casanova's career from the
+        year 1774, when his own Memoirs abruptly
+           end, until his death in 1798
+
+
+
+
+PART THE FIRST
+
+VENICE 1774-1782
+CASANOVA'S RETURN TO VENICE
+
+Thus Casanova ended his Memoirs, concluding his narrative with his
+sojourn at Trieste, in January 1774, where he had remained, except for a
+few excursions, since the 15th November 1772. He was forty-nine years of
+age. Since his unfortunate experiences in England, the loss of his
+fortune and the failure of his efforts to obtain congenial and
+remunerative employment in Germany or Russia, he had come to concentrate
+his efforts on a return to his native city.
+
+Of his faithful friends, the nobles Bragadin, Barbaro and Dandolo, the
+first had died in 1767, having gone into debt "that I might have enough,"
+sending Casanova, from his death-bed, a last gift of a thousand crowns.
+Barbaro who had died also, in 1771, left Casanova a life-income of six
+sequins a month. The survivor, Dandolo, was poor, but until his death, he
+also gave Casanova a monthly provision of six sequins. However, Casanova
+was not without influential friends who might not only obtain a pardon
+from the State Inquisitors but also assist him to employment; and, in
+fact, it was through such influence as that wielded by the Avogador
+Zaguri and the Procurator Morosini, that Casanova received his pardon,
+and later, a position as "Confidant," or Secret Agent, to the Inquisitors
+at Venice.
+
+Casanova re-entered Venice the 14th September 1774 and, presenting
+himself, on the 18th, to Marc-Antoine Businello, Secretary of the
+Tribunal of the Inquisitors of State, was advised that mercy had been
+accorded him by reason of his refutation of the History of the Venetian
+Government by Amelot de la Houssaie which he had written during his
+forty-two day imprisonment at Barcelona in 1768. The three Inquisitors,
+Francesco Grimani, Francesco Sagredo and Paolo Bembo, invited him to
+dinner to hear his story of his escape from The Leads.
+
+In 1772, Bandiera, the Republic's resident at Ancona, drew this portrait
+of Casanova:
+
+"One sees everywhere this unhappy rebel against the justice of the August
+Council, presenting himself boldly, his head carried high, and well
+equipped. He is received in many houses and announces his intention of
+going to Trieste and, from there, of returning to Germany. He is a man of
+forty years or more," [in reality, forty-seven] "of high stature and
+excellent appearance, vigorous, of a very brown color, the eye bright,
+the wig short and chestnut-brown. He is said to be haughty and
+disdainful; he speaks at length, with spirit and erudition." [Letter of
+information to the Very Illustrious Giovanni Zon, Secretary of the August
+Council of Ten at Venice. 2 October 1772.]
+
+Returning to Venice after an absence of eighteen years, Casanova renewed
+his acquaintance with many old friends, among whom were:
+
+The Christine of the Memoirs. Charles, who married Christine, the
+marriage being arranged by Casanova while in Venice in 1747, was of
+financial assistance to Casanova, who "found him a true friend." Charles
+died "a few months before my last departure from Venice," in 1783.
+
+Mlle. X---- C---- V----, really Giustina de Wynne, widow of the Count
+Rosenberg, Austrian Ambassador at Venice. "Fifteen years afterwards, I
+saw her again and she was a widow, happy enough, apparently, and enjoying
+a great reputation on account of her rank, wit and social qualities, but
+our connection was never renewed."
+
+Callimena, who was kind to him "for love's sake alone" at Sorrento in
+1770.
+
+Marcoline, the girl he took away from his younger brother, the Abby
+Casanova, at Geneva in 1763.
+
+Father Balbi, the companion of his flight from The Leads.
+
+Doctor Gozzi, his former teacher at Padua, now become Arch-Priest of St.
+George of the Valley, and his sister Betting. "When I went to pay him a
+visit . . . she breathed her last in my arms, in 1776, twenty-four hours
+after my arrival. I will speak of her death in due time."
+
+Angela Toselli, his first passion. In 1758 this girl married the advocate
+Francesco Barnaba Rizzotti, and in the following year she gave birth to a
+daughter, Maria Rizzotti (later married to a M. Kaiser) who lived at
+Vienna and whose letters to Casanova were preserved at Dux.
+
+C---- C----, the young girl whose love affair with Casanova became
+involved with that of the nun M---- M---- Casanova found her in Venice "a
+widow and poorly off."
+
+The dancing girl Binetti, who assisted Casanova in his flight from
+Stuttgart in 1760, whom he met again in London in 1763, and who was the
+cause of his duel with Count Branicki at Warsaw in 1766. She danced
+frequently at Venice between 1769 and 1780.
+
+The good and indulgent Mme. Manzoni, "of whom I shall have to speak very
+often."
+
+The patricians Andrea Memmo and his brother Bernardo who, with P. Zaguri
+were personages of considerable standing in the Republic and who remained
+his constant friends. Andrea Memmo was the cause of the embarrassment in
+which Mlle. X---- C---- V---- found herself in Paris and which Casanova
+vainly endeavored to remove by applications of his astonishing specific,
+the 'aroph of Paracelsus'.
+
+It was at the house of these friends that Casanova became acquainted with
+the poet, Lorenzo Da Ponte. "I made his acquaintance," says the latter,
+in his own Memoirs, "at the house of Zaguri and the house of Memmo, who
+both sought after his always interesting conversation, accepting from
+this man all he had of good, and closing their eyes, on account of his
+genius, upon the perverse parts of his nature."
+
+Lorenzo Da Ponte, known above all as Mozart's librettist, and whose youth
+much resembled that of Casanova, was accused of having eaten ham on
+Friday and was obliged to flee from Venice in 1777, to escape the
+punishment of the Tribunal of Blasphemies. In his Memoirs, he speaks
+unsparingly of his compatriot and yet, as M. Rava notes, in the numerous
+letters he wrote Casanova, and which were preserved at Dux, he proclaims
+his friendship and admiration.
+
+Irene Rinaldi, whom he met again at Padua in 1777, with her daughter who
+"had become a charming girl; and our acquaintance was renewed in the
+tenderest manner."
+
+The ballet-girl Adelaide, daughter of Mme. Soavi, who was also a dancer,
+and of a M. de Marigny.
+
+Barbara, who attracted Casanova's attention at Trieste, in 1773, while he
+was frequenting a family named Leo, but toward whom he had maintained an
+attitude of respect. This girl, on meeting him again in 1777, declared
+that "she had guessed my real feelings and had been amused by my foolish
+restraint."
+
+At Pesaro, the Jewess Leah, with whom he had the most singular
+experiences at Ancona in 1772.
+
+
+
+                  II
+
+           RELATIONS WITH THE INQUISITORS
+
+Soon after reaching Venice, Casanova learned that the Landgrave of Hesse
+Cassel, following the example of other German princes, wished a Venetian
+correspondent for his private affairs. Through some influence he believed
+he might obtain this small employment; but before applying for the
+position he applied to the Secretary of the Tribunal for permission.
+Apparently nothing came of this, and Casanova obtained no definite
+employment until 1776.
+
+Early in 1776, Casanova entered the service of the Tribunal of
+Inquisitors as an "occasional Confidant," under the fictitious name of
+Antonio Pratiloni, giving his address as "at the Casino of S. E. Marco
+Dandolo."
+
+In October 1780, his appointment was more definitely established and he
+was given a salary of fifteen ducats a month. This, with the six sequins
+of life-income left by Barbaro and the six given by Dandolo, gave him a
+monthly income of three hundred and eighty-four lires--about seventy-four
+U. S. dollars--from 1780 until his break with the Tribunal at the end of
+1781.
+
+In the Archives of Venice are preserved forty-eight letters from
+Casanova, including the Reports he wrote as a "Confidant," all in the
+same handwriting as the manuscript of the Memoirs. The Reports may be
+divided into two classes: those referring to commercial or industrial
+matters, and those referring to the public morals.
+
+Among those of the first class, we find:
+
+A Report relating to Casanova's success in having a change made in the
+route of the weekly diligence running from Trieste to Mestre, for which
+service, rendered during Casanova's residence at Trieste in 1773, he
+received encouragement and the sum of one hundred ducats from the
+Tribunal.
+
+A Report, the 8th September 1776, with information concerning the rumored
+project of the future Emperor of Austria to invade Dalmatia after the
+death of Maria Theresa. Casanova stated he had received this information
+from a Frenchman, M. Salz de Chalabre, whom he had known in Paris twenty
+years before. This M. Chalabre [printed Calabre] was the pretended nephew
+of Mme. Amelin. "This young man was as like her as two drops of water,
+but she did not find that a sufficient reason for avowing herself his
+mother." The boy was, in fact, the son of Mme. Amelin and of M. de
+Chalabre, who had lived together for a long time.
+
+A Report, the 12th of December 1776, of a secret mission to Trieste, in
+regard to a project of the court of Vienna for making Fiume a French
+port; the object being to facilitate communications between this port and
+the interior of Hungary. For this inquiry, Casanova received sixteen
+hundred lires, his expenditures amounting to seven hundred and sixty-six
+lires.
+
+A Report, May-July 1779, of an excursion in the market of Ancona for
+information concerning the commercial relations of the Pontifical States
+with the Republic of Venice. At Forli, in the course of this excursion,
+Casanova visited the dancing-girl Binetti. For this mission Casanova
+received forty-eight sequins.
+
+A Report, January 1780, remarking a clandestine recruiting carried out by
+a certain Marrazzani for the [Prussian] regiment of Zarembal.
+
+A Report, the 11th October 1781, regarding a so-called Baldassare
+Rossetti, a Venetian subject living at Trieste, whose activities and
+projects were of a nature to prejudice the commerce and industry of the
+Republic.
+
+Among the Reports relating to public morals may be noted:
+
+December 1776. A Report on the seditious character of a ballet called
+"Coriolanus." The back of this report is inscribed: "The impressario of
+S. Benedetto, Mickel de l'Agata, shall be summoned immediately; it has
+been ordered that he cease, under penalty of his life, from giving the
+ballet Coriolanus at the theater. Further, he is to collect and deposit
+all the printed programmes of this ballet."
+
+December 1780. A Report calling to the attention of the Tribunal the
+scandalous disorders produced in the theaters when the lights were
+extinguished.
+
+3rd May 1781. A Report remarking that the Abbe Carlo Grimani believed
+himself exempt, in his position as a priest, from the interdiction laid
+on patricians against frequenting foreign ministers and their suites. On
+the back of this Report is written: "Ser Jean Carlo, Abbe Grimani, to be
+gently reminded, by the Secretary, of the injunction to abstain from all
+commerce with foreign ministers and their adherents."
+
+Venetian nobles were forbidden under penalty of death from holding any
+communication with foreign ambassadors or their households. This was
+intended as a precaution to preserve the secrets of the Senate.
+
+26th November 1781. A Report concerning a painting academy where nude
+studies were made, from models of both sexes, while scholars only twelve
+or thirteen years of age were admitted, and where dilettantes who were
+neither painters nor designers, attended the sessions.
+
+22nd December 1781. By order, Casanova reported to the Tribunal a list of
+the principal licentious or antireligious books to be found in the
+libraries and private collections at Venice: la Pucelle; la Philosophie
+de l'Histoire; L'Esprit d'Helvetius; la Sainte Chandelle d'Arras; les
+Bijoux indiscrets; le Portier des Chartreux; les Posies de Baffo; Ode a
+Priape; de Piron; etc., etc.
+
+In considering this Report, which has been the subject of violent
+criticism, we should bear in mind three points:
+
+first--the Inquisitors required this information; second--no one in their
+employ could have been in a better position to give it than Casanova;
+third--Casanova was morally and economically bound, as an employee of the
+Tribunal, to furnish the information ordered, whatever his personal
+distaste for the undertaking may have been. We may even assume that he
+permitted himself to express his feelings in some indiscreet way, and his
+break with the Tribunal followed, for, at the end of 1781, his commission
+was withdrawn. Certainly, Casanova's almost absolute dependence on his
+salary, influenced the letter he wrote the Inquisitors at this time.
+
+"To the Illustrious and Most Excellent Lords, the Inquisitors of State:
+
+"Filled with confusion, overwhelmed with sorrow and repentance,
+recognizing myself absolutely unworthy of addressing my vile letter to
+Your Excellencies confessing that I have failed in my duty in the
+opportunities which presented themselves, I, Jacques Casanova, invoke, on
+my knees, the mercy of the Prince; I beg that, in compassion and grace,
+there may be accorded me that which, in all justice and on reflection,
+may be refused me.
+
+"I ask the Sovereign Munificence to come to my aid, so that, with the
+means of subsistence, I may apply myself vigorously, in the future, to
+the service to which I have been privileged.
+
+"After this respectful supplication, the wisdom of Your Excellencies may
+judge the disposition of my spirit and of my intentions."
+
+The Inquisitors decided to award Casanova one month's pay, but specified
+that thereafter he would receive salary only when he rendered important
+services.
+
+In 1782 Casanova made a few more Reports to the Tribunal, for one of
+which, regarding the failure of an insurance and commercial house at
+Trieste, he received six sequins. But the part of a guardian of the
+public morals, even through necessity, was undoubtedly unpleasant to him;
+and, in spite of the financial loss, it may be that his release was a
+relief.
+
+
+
+                 III
+
+              FRANCESCA BUSCHINI
+
+Intimately connected with Casanova's life at this period was a girl named
+Francesca Buschini. This name does not appear in any of the literary,
+artistic or theatrical records of the period, and, of the girl, nothing
+is known other than that which she herself tells us in her letters to
+Casanova. From these very human letters, however, we may obtain, not only
+certain facts, but also, a very excellent idea of her character.
+Thirty-two of her letters, dated between July 1779 and October 1787,
+written in the Venetian dialect, were preserved in the library at Dux.
+
+She was a seamstress, although often without work, and had a brother, a
+younger sister and also a mother living with her. The probabilities are
+that she was a girl of the most usual sort, but greatly attached to
+Casanova who, even in his poverty, must have dazzled her as a being from
+another world. She was his last Venetian love, and remained a faithful
+correspondent until 1787; and it is chiefly from her letters, in which
+she comments on news contained in Casanova's letters to her, that light
+is thrown on the Vienna-Paris period, particularly, of Casanova's life.
+For this, Francesca has placed us greatly in her debt.
+
+With this girl, at least between 1779 and 1782, Casanova rented a small
+house at Barbaria delle Tole, near S. Giustina, from the noble Pesaro at
+S. Stae. Casanova, always in demand for his wit and learning, often took
+dinner in the city. He knew that a place always awaited him at the house
+of Memmo and at that of Zaguri and that, at the table of these
+patricians, who were distinguished by their intellectual superiority, he
+would meet men notable in science and letters. Being so long and so
+closely connected with theatrical circles, he was often seen at the
+theater, with Francesca. Thus, the 9th August 1786, the poor girl, in an
+excess of chagrin writes: "Where are all the pleasures which formerly you
+procured me? Where are the theatres, the comedies which we once saw
+together?"
+
+On the 28th July 1779, Francesca wrote:
+
+"Dearest and best beloved,
+
+" . . . In the way of novelties, I find nothing except that S. E. Pietro
+Zaguri has arrived at Venice; his servant has been twice to ask for you,
+and I have said you were still at the Baths of Abano . . ."
+
+The Casanova-Buschini establishment kept up relations, more or less
+frequent and intimate, with a few persons, most of whom are mentioned in
+Francesca's letters; the Signora Anzoletta Rizzotti; the Signora
+Elisabeth Catrolli, an ancient comedienne; the Signora Bepa Pezzana; the
+Signora Zenobia de Monti, possibly the mother of that Carlo de Monti,
+Venetian Consul at Trieste, who was a friend to Casanova and certainly
+contributed toward obtaining his pardon from the Inquisitors; a M. Lunel,
+master of languages, and his wife.
+
+
+
+                  IV
+
+
+               PUBLICATIONS
+
+Casanova's principal writings during this period were:
+
+His translation of the Iliad, the first volume of which was issued in
+1775, the second in 1777 and the third in 1778.
+
+During his stay at Abano in 1778, he wrote the Scrutinio del libro,
+eulogies of M. de Voltaire "by various hands." In the dedication of this
+book, to the Doge Renier, he wrote, "This little book has recently come
+from my inexperienced pen, in the hours of leisure which are frequent at
+Abano for those who do not come only for the baths."
+
+From January until July 1780, he published, anonymously, a series of
+miscellaneous small works, seven pamphlets of about one hundred pages
+each, distributed at irregular intervals to subscribers.
+
+From the 7th October to the end of December, 1780, on the occasions of
+the representations given by a troupe of French comedians at the San
+Angelo theater, Casanova wrote a little paper called The Messenger of
+Thalia. In one of the numbers, he wrote:
+
+"French is not my tongue; I make no pretentions and, wrong or astray, I
+place on the paper what heaven sends from my pen. I give birth to phrases
+turned to Italian, either to see what they look like or to produce a
+style, and often, also, to draw, into a purist's snare, some critical
+doctor who does not know my humor or how my offense amuses me."
+
+The "little romance" referred to in the following letter to "Mlle.
+X---- C---- V----," appeared in 1782, with the title; 'Di anecdoti vinizani
+militari a amorosi del secolo decimo quarto sotto i dogati di Giovanni
+Gradenigoe di Giovanni Dolfin'. Venezia, 1782.
+
+                  V
+           MLLE. X . . . C . . . V. . .
+
+In 1782, a letter written by this lady, Giustina de Wynne, referring to a
+visit to Venice of Paul I, Grand Duke, afterward Emperor of Russia, and
+his wife, was published under the title of Du sejour des Comptes du Nord
+a Venise en janvier mdcclxxxii. If he had not previously done so,
+Casanova took this occasion to recall himself to the memory of this lady
+to whom he had once been of such great service. And two very polite
+letters were exchanged:
+
+"Madam,
+
+"The fine epistle which V. E. has allowed to be printed upon the sojourn
+of C. and of the C. du Nord in this city, exposes you, in the position of
+an author, to endure the compliments of all those who trouble themselves
+to write. But I flatter myself, Madam, that V. E. will not disdain mine.
+
+"The little romance, Madam, a translation from my dull and rigid pen, is
+not a gift but a very paltry offering which I dare make to the
+superiority of your merit.
+
+"I have found, Madam, in your letter, the simple, flowing style of
+gentility, the one which alone a woman of condition who writes to her
+friend may use with dignity. Your digressions and your thoughts are
+flowers which . . . (forgive an author who pilfers from you the delicious
+nonchalance of an amiable writer) or . . . a will-o'-the-wisp which, from
+time to time, issues from the work, in spite of the author, and burns the
+paper.
+
+"I aspire, Madam, to render myself favorable to the deity to which reason
+advises me to make homage. Accept then the offering and render happy he
+who makes it with your indulgence.
+
+"I have the honor to sign myself, if you will kindly permit me, with very
+profound respect.
+
+"Giacomo Casanova."
+
+"Monsieur
+
+"I am very sensible, Monsieur, of the distinction which comes to me from
+your approbation of my little pamphlet. The interest of the moment, its
+references and the exaltation of spirits have gained for it the tolerance
+and favorable welcome of the good Venetians. It is to your politeness in
+particular, Monsieur, that I believe is due the marked success which my
+work has had with you. I thank you for the book which you sent me and I
+will risk thanking you in advance for the pleasure it will give me. Be
+persuaded of my esteem for yourself and for your talents. And I have the
+honor to be, Monsieur.
+
+"Your very humble servant de Wynne de Rosemberg."
+
+Among Casanova's papers at Dux was a page headed "Souvenir," dated the
+2nd September 1791, and beginning: "While descending the staircase, the
+Prince de Rosemberg told me that Madame de Rosemberg was dead . . . .
+This Prince de Rosemberg was the nephew of Giustina."
+
+Giustina died, after a long illness, at Padua, the 21st August 1791, at
+the age of fifty-four years and seven months.
+
+
+
+                  VI
+
+
+             LAST DAYS AT VENICE
+
+Toward the end of 1782, doubtless convinced that he could expect nothing
+more from the Tribunal, Casanova entered the service of the Marquis
+Spinola as a secretary. Some years before, a certain Carletti, an officer
+in the service of the court of Turin, had won from the Marquis a wager of
+two hundred and fifty sequins. The existence of this debt seemed to have
+completely disappeared from the memory of the loser. By means of the firm
+promise of a pecuniary recompense, Casanova intervened to obtain from his
+patron a written acknowledgment of the debt owing to Carletti. His effort
+was successful; but instead of clinking cash, Carletti contented himself
+with remitting to the negotiator an assignment on the amount of the
+credit. Casanova's anger caused a violent dispute, in the course of which
+Carlo Grimani, at whose house the scene took place, placed him in the
+wrong and imposed silence.
+
+The irascible Giacomo conceived a quick resentment. To discharge his
+bile, he found nothing less than to publish in the course of the month of
+August, under the title of: 'Ne amori ne donne ovvero la Stalla d'Angia
+repulita', a libel in which Jean Carlo Grimani, Carletti, and other
+notable persons were outraged under transparent mythological pseudonyms.
+
+This writing embroiled the author with the entire body of the Venetian
+nobility.
+
+To allow the indignation against him to quiet down, Casanova went to pass
+some days at Trieste, then returned to Venice to put his affairs in
+order. The idea of recommencing his wandering life alarmed him. "I have
+lived fifty-eight years," he wrote, "I could not go on foot with winter
+at hand, and when I think of starting on the road to resume my
+adventurous life, I laugh at myself in the mirror."
+
+
+
+
+              PART THE SECOND
+               VIENNA-PARIS
+
+                  I
+
+                1783-1785
+
+              TRAVELS IN 1783
+
+
+Casanova left Venice in January 1783, and went to Vienna.
+
+On the 16th April Elisabeth Catrolli wrote to him at Vienna:
+
+"Dearest of friends,
+
+"Your letter has given me great pleasure. Be assured, I infinitely regret
+your departure. I have but two sincere friends, yourself and Camerani. I
+do not hope for more. I could be happy if I could have at least one of
+you near me to whom I could confide my cruel anxieties.
+
+"To-day, I received from Camerani a letter informing me that, in a former
+one, he had sent me a bill of exchange: I did not receive it, and I fear
+it has been lost.
+
+"Dear friend, when you reach Paris, clasp him to your heart for me . . .
+In regard to Chechina [Francesca Buschini] I would say that I have not
+seen her since the day I took her your letter. Her mother is the ruin of
+that poor girl; let that suffice; I will say no more . . . . "
+
+After leaving Venice, Casanova apparently took an opportunity to pay his
+last disrespects to the Tribunal. At least, in May 1783, M. Schlick,
+French Secretary at Venice, wrote to Count Vergennes: "Last week there
+reached the State Inquisitors an anonymous letter stating that, on the
+25th of this month, an earthquake, more terrible than that of Messina,
+would raze Venice to the ground. This letter has caused a panic here.
+Many patricians have left the capital and others will follow their
+example. The author of the anonymous letter . . . is a certain Casanova,
+who wrote from Vienna and found means to slip it into the Ambassador's
+own mails."
+
+In about four months, Casanova was again on the way to Italy. He paused
+for a week at Udine and arrived at Venice on the 16th June. Without
+leaving his barge, he paused at his house just long enough to salute
+Francesca. He left Mestre on Tuesday the 24th June and on the same day
+dined at the house of F. Zanuzzi at Bassano. On the 25th he left Bassano
+by post and arrived in the evening at Borgo di Valsugano.
+
+On the 29th, he wrote to Francesca from the Augsbourg. He had stopped at
+Innsbruck to attend the theater and was in perfect health. He had reached
+Frankfort in forty-eight hours, traveling eighteen posts without
+stopping.
+
+From Aix-la-Chapelle, on the 16th July, he wrote Francesca that he had
+met, in that city, Cattina, the wife of Pocchini. Pocchini was sick and
+in deep misery. Casanova, recalling all the abominable tricks this rogue
+had played on him refused Cattina the assistance she begged for in tears,
+laughed in her face, and said: "Farewell, I wish you a pleasant death."
+
+At Mayence, Casanova embarked on the Rhine in company with the Marquis
+Durazzo, former Austrian Ambassador at Venice. The voyage was excellent
+and in two days he arrived at Cologne, in rugged health, sleeping well
+and eating like a wolf.
+
+On the 30th July he wrote to Francesca from Spa and in this letter
+enclosed a good coin. Everything was dear at Spa; his room cost eight
+lires a day with everything else in proportion.
+
+On the 6th September he wrote from Antwerp to one of his good friends,
+the Abbe Eusebio della Lena, telling him that at Spa an English woman who
+had a passion for speaking Latin wished to submit him to trials which he
+judged it unnecessary to state precisely. He refused all her proposals,
+saying, however, that he would not reveal them to anyone; but that he did
+not feel he should refuse also "an order on her banker for twenty-five
+guineas."
+
+On the 9th he wrote to Francesca from Brussels, and on the 12th he sent
+her a bill of exchange on the banker Corrado for one hundred and fifty
+lires. He said he had been intoxicated "because his reputation had
+required it." "This greatly astonishes me," Francesca responded, "for I
+have never seen you intoxicated nor even illuminated . . . . I am very
+happy that the wine drove away the inflammation in your teeth."
+
+Practically all information of Casanova's movements in 1783 and 1784 is
+obtained from Francesca's letters which were in the library at Dux.
+
+In her letters of the 27th June and 11th July, Francesca wrote Casanova
+that she had directed the Jew Abraham to sell Casanova's satin habit and
+velvet breeches, but could not hope for more than fifty lires because
+they were patched. Abraham had observed that at one time the habit had
+been placed in pledge with him by Casanova for three sequins.
+
+On the 6th September, she wrote:
+
+"With great pleasure, I reply to the three dear letters which you wrote
+me from Spa: the first of the 6th August, from which I learned that your
+departure had been delayed for some days to wait for someone who was to
+arrive in that city. I was happy that your appetite had returned, because
+good cheer is your greatest pleasure . . . .
+
+"In your second letter which you wrote me from Spa on the 16th August, I
+noted with sorrow that your affairs were not going as you wished. But
+console yourself, dear friend, for happiness will come after trouble; at
+least, I wish it so, also, for you yourself can imagine in what need I
+find myself, I and all my family . . . . I have no work, because I have
+not the courage to ask it of anyone. My mother has not earned even enough
+to pay for the gold thread with the little cross which you know I love.
+Necessity made me sell it.
+
+"I received your last letter of the 20th August from Spa with another
+letter for S. E. the Procurator Morosini. You directed me to take it to
+him myself, and on Sunday the last day of August, I did not fail to go
+there exactly at three o'clock. At once on my arrival, I spoke to a
+servant who admitted me without delay; but, my dear friend, I regret
+having to send you an unpleasant message. As soon as I handed him the
+letter, and before he even opened it, he said to me, 'I always know
+Casanova's affairs which trouble me.' After having read hardly more than
+a page, he said: 'I know not what to do!' I told him that, on the 6th of
+this month, I was to write you at Paris and that, if he would do me the
+honor of giving me his reply, I would put it in my letter. Imagine what
+answer he gave me! I was much surprised! He told me that I should wish
+you happiness but that he would not write to you again. He said no more.
+I kissed his hands and left. He did not give me even a sou. That is all
+he said to me . . . .
+
+"S. E. Pietro Zaguri sent to me to ask if I knew where you were, because
+he had written two letters to Spa and had received no reply . . . ."
+
+
+
+                  II
+
+                 PARIS
+
+On the night of the 18th or 19th September 1783, Casanova arrived at
+Paris.
+
+On the 30th he wrote Francesca that he had been well received by his
+sister-in-law and by his brother, Francesco Casanova, the painter. Nearly
+all his friends had departed for the other world, and he would now have
+to make new ones, which would be difficult as he was no longer pleasing
+to the women.
+
+On the 14th October he wrote again, saying that he was in good health and
+that Paris was a paradise which made him feel twenty years old. Four
+letters followed; in the first, dated from Paris on S. Martin's Day, he
+told Francesco not to reply for he did not know whether he would prolong
+his visit nor where he might go. Finding no fortune in Paris, he said he
+would go and search elsewhere. On the 23rd, he sent one hundred and fifty
+lires; "a true blessing," to the poor girl who was always short of money.
+
+Between times, Casanova passed eight days at Fontainebleau, where he met
+"a charming young man of twenty-five," the son of "the young and lovely
+O'Morphi" who indirectly owed to him her position, in 1752, as the
+mistress of Louis XV. "I wrote my name on his tablets and begged him to
+present my compliments to his mother."
+
+He also met, in the same place, his own son by Mme. Dubois, his former
+housekeeper at Soleure who had married the good M. Lebel. "We shall hear
+of the young gentleman in twenty-one years at Fontainebleau."
+
+"When I paid my third visit to Paris, with the intention of ending my
+days in that capital, I reckoned on the friendship of M. d'Alembert, but
+he died, like, Fontenelle, a fortnight after my arrival, toward the end
+of 1783."
+
+It is interesting to know that, at this time, Casanova met his famous
+contemporary, Benjamin Franklin. "A few days after the death of the
+illustrious d'Alembert," Casanova assisted, at the old Louvre, in a
+session of the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. "Seated
+beside the learned Franklin, I was a little surprised to hear Condorcet
+ask him if he believed that one could give various directions to an air
+balloon. This was the response: 'The matter is still in its infancy, so
+we must wait.' I was surprised. It is not believable that the great
+philosopher could ignore the fact that it would be impossible to give the
+machine any other direction than that governed by the air which fills it,
+but these people 'nil tam verentur, quam ne dubitare aliqua de re
+videantur."
+
+On the 13th November, Casanova left Paris in company with his brother,
+Francesco, whose wife did not accompany him. "His new wife drove him away
+from Paris."
+
+"Now [1797 or 1798] I feel that I have seen Paris and France for the last
+time. That popular effervescence [the French Revolution] has disgusted me
+and I am too old to hope to see the end of it."
+
+
+
+                  III
+
+                 VIENNA
+
+On the 29th November, Casanova wrote from Frankfort that a drunken
+postilion had upset him and in the fall he had dislocated his left
+shoulder, but that a good bone-setter had restored it to place. On the
+1st December he wrote that he was healed, having taken medicine and
+having been blooded. He promised to send Francesca eight sequins to pay
+her rent. He reached Vienna about the 7th of December and on the 15th
+sent Francesco a bill of exchange for eight sequins and two lires.
+
+On the last day of 1783, Francesca wrote to him at Vienna:
+
+"I see by your good letter that you will go to Dresden and then to Berlin
+and that you will return to Vienna the 10th January . . . . I am
+astonished, my dear friend, at the great journeys you make in this cold
+weather, but, still, you are a great man, big-hearted, full of spirit and
+courage; you travel in this terrible cold as though it were
+nothing . . . . "
+
+On the 9th January, Casanova wrote from Dessau to his brother Giovanni,
+proposing to make peace with him, but without results. On the 27th, he
+was at Prague. By the 16th February, he was again in Vienna, after a trip
+lasting sixty-two days. His health was perfect, and he had gained flesh
+due, as he wrote Francesca, to his contented mind which was no longer
+tormented.
+
+In February, he entered the service of M. Foscarini, Venetian Ambassador,
+"to write dispatches."
+
+On the 10th March, Francesca wrote:
+
+"Dearest of Friends, I reply at once to your good letter of the 28th
+February which I received Sunday . . . . I thank you for your kindness
+which makes you say that you love me and that when you have money you
+will send me some . . . but that at the moment you are dry as a
+salamander. I do not know what sort of animal that is. But as for me I am
+certainly dry of money and I am consumed with the hope of having some
+. . . . I see that you were amused at the Carnival and that you were four
+times at the masked ball, where there were two hundred women, and that
+you danced minuets and quadrilles to the great astonishment of the
+ambassador Foscarini who told everyone that you were sixty years old,
+although in reality you have not yet reached your sixtieth year. You
+might well laugh at that and say that he must be blind to have such an
+idea.
+
+"I see that you assisted, with your brother, at a grand dinner at the
+Ambassador's . . . .
+
+"You say that you have read my letters to your brother and that he
+salutes me. Make him my best compliments and thank him. You ask me to
+advise you whether, if he should happen to return to Venice with you, he
+could lodge with you in your house. Tell him yes, because the chickens
+are always in the loft and make no dirt; and, as for the dogs, one
+watches to see that they do not make dirt. The furniture of the apartment
+is already in place; it lacks only a wardrobe and the little bed which
+you bought for your nephew and the mirror; as for the rest, everything is
+as you left it. . . ."
+
+It is possible that, at the "grand dinner," Casanova was presented to
+Count Waldstein, without whose kindness to Casanova the Memoirs probably
+would never have been written. The Lord of Dux, Joseph Charles Emmanuel
+Waldstein-Wartenberg, Chamberlain to Her Imperial Majesty, descendant of
+the great Wallenstein, was the elder of the eleven children of Emmanuel
+Philibert, Count Waldstein, and Maria Theresa, Princess Liechtenstein.
+Very egotistic and willful in his youth, careless of his affairs, and an
+imprudent gambler, at thirty years of age he had not yet settled down.
+His mother was disconsolated that her son could not separate himself from
+occupations "so little suited to his spirit and his birth:"
+
+On the 13th March 1784, Count Lamberg wrote Casanova: "I know M. le C. de
+Waldstein through having heard him praised by judges worthy of
+appreciating the transcendent qualities of more than one kind peculiar to
+the Count. I congratulate you on having such a Maecenas, and I
+congratulate him in his turn on having chosen such a man as yourself."
+Which last remark certainly foreshadows the library at Dux.
+
+Later, on the lath March, 1785, Zaguri wrote: "In two months at the
+latest, all will be settled. I am very happy." Referring further, it is
+conjectured, to Casanova's hopes of placing himself with the Count.
+
+
+
+                      IV
+
+             LETTERS FROM FRANCESCA
+
+20th March 1784. "I see that you will print one of your books; you say
+that you will send me two hundred copies which I can sell at thirty sous
+each; that you will tell Zaguri and that he will advise those who wish
+copies to apply to me . . ."
+
+This book was the Lettre historico-critique sur un fait connu dependant
+d'une cause peu connue, adressee au duc de * * *, 1784.
+
+3rd April 1784. "I see with pleasure that you have gone to amuse yourself
+in company with two ladies and that you have traveled five posts to see
+the Emperor [Joseph II] . . . . You say that your fortune consists of one
+sequin . . . . I hope that you obtained permission to print your book,
+that you will send me the two hundred copies, and that I may be able to
+sell them. . . ."
+
+14th April 1784. "You say that a man without money is the image of death,
+that he is a very wretched animal. I learn with regret that I am unlikely
+to see you at the approaching Festival of the Ascension . . . that you
+hope to see me once more before dying . . . . You make me laugh, telling
+me that at Vienna a balloon was made which arose in the air with six
+persons and that it might be that you would go up also."
+
+28th April 1784. "I see, to my lively regret, that you have been in bed
+with your usual ailment [hemorrhoids]. But I am pleased to know that you
+are better. You certainly should go to the baths . . . . I have been
+discouraged in seeing that you have not come to Venice because you have
+no money .... P. S. Just at this moment I have received a good letter,
+enclosing a bill of exchange, which I will go and have paid . . . ."
+
+5th May 1784. "I went to the house of M. Francesco Manenti, at S. Polo di
+Campo, with my bill of exchange, and he gave me at once eighteen pieces
+of ten lires each . . . . I figure that you made fun of me saying
+seriously that you will go up in a balloon and that, if the wind is
+favorable, you will go in the air to Trieste and then from Trieste to
+Venice."
+
+19th May 1784. "I see, to my great regret, that you are in poor health
+and still short of money .... You say that you need twenty sequins and
+that you have only twenty trari . . . . I hope that your book is printed.
+. . ."
+
+29th May 1784. "I note with pleasure that you are going to take the
+baths; but I regret that this treatment enfeebles and depresses you. It
+reassures me that you do not fail in your appetite nor your sleep.... I
+hope I will not hear you say again that you are disgusted with
+everything, and no longer in love with life . . . . I see that for you,
+at this moment, fortune sleeps . . . . I am not surprised that everything
+is so dear in the city where you are, for at Venice also one pays dearly
+and everything is priced beyond reach."
+
+Zaguri wrote Casanova the 12th May, that he had met Francesca in the
+Mongolfieri casino. And on the 2nd June Casanova, doubtless feeling his
+helplessness in the matter of money, and the insufficiency of his
+occasional remittances, and suspicious of Francesca's loyalty, wrote her
+a letter of renunciation. Then came her news of the sale of his books;
+and eighteen months passed before he wrote to her again.
+
+On the 12th June 1784, Francesca replied: "I could not expect to convey
+to you, nor could you figure, the sorrow that tries me in seeing that you
+will not occupy yourself any more with me . . . . I hid from you that I
+had been with that woman who lived with us, with her companion, the
+cashier of the Academie des Mongolfceristes. Although I went to this
+Academy with prudence and dignity, I did not want to write you for fear
+you would scold me. That is the only reason, and hereafter you may be
+certain of my sincerity and frankness. . . . I beg you to forgive me this
+time, if I write you something I have never written for fear that you
+would be angry with me because I had not told you. Know then that four
+months ago, your books which were on the mezzanine were sold to a library
+for the sum of fifty lires, when we were in urgent need. It was my mother
+who did it. . . ."
+
+26th June 1784. ". . . Mme. Zenobia [de Monti] has asked me if I would
+enjoy her company. Certain that you would consent I have allowed her to
+come and live with me. She has sympathy for me and has always loved me."
+
+7th July 1784. "Your silence greatly disturbs me! To receive no more of
+your letters! By good post I have sent you three letters, with this one,
+and you have not replied to any of them. Certainly, you have reason for
+being offended at me, because I hid from you something which you learned
+from another . . . . But you might have seen, from my last letter, that I
+have written you all the truth about my fault and that I have asked your
+pardon for not writing it before.... Without you and your help, God knows
+what will become of us.... For the rent of your chamber Mme. Zenobia will
+give us eight lires a month and five lires for preparing her meals. But
+what can one do with thirteen lires! . . . I am afflicted and mortified.
+. . . Do not abandon me."
+
+
+
+                     V
+
+             LAST DAYS AT VIENNA
+
+In 1785, at Vienna, Casanova ran across Costa, his former secretary who,
+in 1761, had fled from him taking "diamonds, watches, snuffbox, linen,
+rich suits and a hundred louis." "In 1785, I found this runagate at
+Vienna. He was then Count Erdich's man, and when we come to that period,
+the reader shall hear what I did."
+
+Casanova did not reach this period, in writing his Memoirs, but an
+account of this meeting is given by Da Ponte, who was present at it, in
+his Memoirs. Costa had met with many misfortunes, as he told Casanova,
+and had himself been defrauded. Casanova threatened to have him hanged,
+but according to Da Ponte, was dissuaded from this by counter accusations
+made by Costa.
+
+Da Ponte's narration of the incident is brilliant and amusing, in spite
+of our feeling that it is maliciously exaggerated: "Strolling one morning
+in the Graben with Casanova, I suddenly saw him knit his brows, squawk,
+grind his teeth, twist himself, raise his hands skyward, and, snatching
+himself away from me, throw himself on a man whom I seemed to know,
+shouting with a very loud voice: 'Murderer, I have caught thee.' A crowd
+having gathered as a result of this strange act and yell, I approached
+them with some disgust; nevertheless, I caught Casanova's hand and almost
+by force I separated him from the fray. He then told me the story, with
+desperate motions and gestures, and said that his antagonist was
+Gioachino Costa, by whom he had been betrayed. This Gioachino Costa,
+although he had been forced to become a servant by his vices and bad
+practices, and was at that very time servant to a Viennese gentleman, was
+more or less of a poet. He was, in fact, one of those who had honored me
+with their satire, when the Emperor Joseph selected me as poet of his
+theater. Costa entered a cafe, and while I continued to walk with
+Casanova, wrote and send him by a messenger, the following verses:
+
+   "'Casanova, make no outcry;
+   You stole, indeed, as well as I;
+   You were the one who first taught me;
+   Your art I mastered thoroughly.
+   Silence your wisest course will be.'
+
+"These verses had the desired effect. After a brief silence, Casanova
+laughed and then said softly in my ear: 'The rogue is right.' He went
+into the cafe and motioned to Costa to come out; they began to walk
+together calmly, as if nothing had happened, and they parted shaking
+hands repeatedly and seemingly calm and friendly. Casanova returned to me
+with a cameo on his little finger, which by a strange coincidence,
+represented Mercury, the god-protector of thieves. This was his greatest
+valuable, and it was all that was left of the immense booty, but
+represented the character of the two restored friends, perfectly."
+
+Da Ponte precedes this account with a libellous narrative of Casanova's
+relations with the Marquise d'Urfe, even stating that Casanova stole from
+her the jewels stolen in turn by Costa, but, as M. Maynial remarks, we
+may attribute this perverted account "solely to the rancour and antipathy
+of the narrator." It is more likely that Casanova frightened Costa almost
+out of his wits, was grimly amused at his misfortunes, and let him go,
+since there was no remedy to Casanova's benefit, for his former
+rascality. Casanova's own brief, anticipatory account is given in his
+Memoirs.
+
+In 1797, correcting and revising his Memoirs, Casanova wrote: "Twelve
+years ago, if it had not been for my guardian angel, I would have
+foolishly married, at Vienna, a young, thoughtless girl, with whom I had
+fallen in love." In which connection, his remark is interesting: "I have
+loved women even to madness, but I have always loved liberty better; and
+whenever I have been in danger of losing it, fate has come to my rescue."
+
+While an identification of the "young, thoughtless girl" has been
+impossible, M. Rava believes her to be "C. M.," the subject of a poem
+found at Dux, written in duplicate, in Italian and French, and headed
+"Giacomo Casanova, in love, to C. M."
+
+"When, Catton, to your sight is shown the love Which all my tenderest
+caresses prove, Feeling all pleasure's sharpest joys and fears, Burning
+one moment, shivering the next, Caressing you while showering you with
+tears, Giving each charm a thousand eager kisses, Wishing to touch at
+once a thousand blisses And, at the ones beyond my power, vexed,
+Abandoned in a furious desire, Leaving these charms for other charms that
+fire, Possessing all and yet desiring Until, destroyed by excesses of
+pleasure, Finding no words of love nor anything To express my fires
+overflowing measure Than deepening sighs and obscure murmuring: Ah! Then
+you think to read my inmost heart To find the love that can these signs
+impart ....Be not deceived. These transports, amorous cries, These
+kisses, tears, desires and heavy sighs, Of all the fire which devours me
+Could less than even the lightest tokens be."
+
+Evidently this same girl is the authoress of the two following letters
+written by "Caton M . . . ." to Casanova in 1786.
+
+12th April 1786. "You will infinitely oblige me if you will tell me to
+whom you wrote such pretty things about me; apparently it is the Abbe Da
+Ponte; but I would go to his house and, either he would prove that you
+had written it or I would have the honor of telling him that he is the
+most infamous traducer in the world. I think that the lovely picture
+which you make of my future has not as much excuse as you may think, and,
+in spite of your science, you deceive yourself.... But just now I will
+inform you of all my wooers and you can judge for yourself by this
+whether I deserve all the reproaches you made me in your last letter. It
+is two years since I came to know the Count de K . . . ; I could have
+loved him but I was too honest to be willing to satisfy his desires . . . .
+Some months afterward, I came to know the Count de M . . . ; he was not
+so handsome as K . . . , but he possessed every possible art for seducing
+a girl; I did everything for him, but I never loved him as much as his
+friend. In fine, to tell you all my giddinesses in a few words, I set
+everything right again with K . . . . and got myself into a quarrel with
+M . . . ., then I left K. . . . and returned to M . . . ., but at the
+house of the latter there was always an officer who pleased me more than
+both the two others and who sometimes conducted me to the house; then we
+found ourselves at the house of a friend, and it is of this same officer
+that I am ill. So, my dear friend, that is all. I do not seek to justify
+my past conduct; on the contrary, I know well that I have acted badly....
+I am much afflicted at being the cause of your remaining away from Venice
+during the Carnival . . . . I hope to see you soon again and am, with
+much love,
+
+"Monsieur, your sincere
+
+"Caton M. . . ."
+
+
+16th July 1786. "I have spoken with the Abbe Da Ponte. He invited me to
+come to his house because, he said, he had something to tell me for you.
+I went there, but was received so coldly that I am resolved not to go
+there again. Also, Mlle. Nanette affected an air of reserve and took at
+on herself to read me lessons on what she was pleased to call my
+libertinism . . . . I beg that you will write nothing more about me to
+these two very dangerous personages.... Just now I will tell you of a
+little trick which I played on you, which without doubt deserves some
+punishment. The young, little Kasper, whom you formerly loved, came to
+ask me for the address of her dear Monsieur de Casanova, so that she
+could write a very tender letter full of recollections. I had too much
+politeness to wish to refuse a pretty girl, who was once the favorite of
+my lover, so just a request, so I gave her the address she wished; but I
+addressed the letter to a city far from you. Is it not, my dear friend,
+that you would like well to know the name of the city, so that you could
+secure the letter by posts. But you can depend on my word that you will
+not know it until you have written me a very long letter begging me very
+humbly to indicate the place where the divine letter of the adorable
+object of your vows has gone. You might well make this sacrifice for a
+girl in whom the Emperor [Joseph II] interests himself, for it is known
+that, since your departure from Vienna, it is he who is teaching her
+French and music; and apparently he takes the trouble of instructing her
+himself, for she often goes to his house to thank him for his kindnesses
+to her, but I know not in what way she expresses herself.
+
+"Farewell, my dear friend. Think sometimes of me and believe that I am
+your sincere friend."
+
+On the 23rd April 1785, the ambassador Foscarini died, depriving Casanova
+of a protector, probably leaving him without much money, and not in the
+best of health. He applied for the position of secretary to Count Fabris,
+his former friend, whose name had been changed from Tognolo, but without
+success. Casanova then determined to go to Berlin in the hope of a place
+in the Academy. On the 30th July he arrived at Bruen in Moravia, where
+his friend Maximilian-Joseph, Count Lamberg gave him, among other letters
+of recommendation, a letter addressed to Jean-Ferdinand Opiz, Inspector
+of Finances and Banks at Czaslau, in which he wrote:
+
+"A celebrated man, M. Casanova, will deliver to you, my dear friend, the
+visiting card with which he is charged for Mme. Opiz and yourself.
+Knowing this amiable and remarkable man, will mark an epoch in your life,
+be polite and friendly to him, 'quod ipsi facies in mei memoriam
+faciatis'. Keep yourself well, write to me, and if you can direct him to
+some honest man at Carlsbad, fail not to do so. . . ."
+
+On the 15th August 1785, M. Opiz wrote Count Lamberg about Casanova's
+visit:
+
+"Your letter of the 30th, including your cards for my wife and myself,
+was delivered the first of this month by M. Casanova. He was very anxious
+to meet the Princess Lubomirski again at Carlsbad. But as something about
+his carriage was broken, he was obliged to stop in Czaslau for two hours
+which he passed in my company. He has left Czaslau with the promise of
+giving me a day on his return. I am already delighted. Even in the short
+space of time in which I enjoyed his company, I found in him a man worthy
+of our highest consideration and of our love, a benevolent philosopher
+whose homeland is the great expanse of our planet (and not Venice alone)
+and who values only the men in the kings . . . . I know absolutely no one
+at Carlsbad, so I sincerely regret being unable to recommend him to
+anyone there, according to your desire. He did not wish, on account of
+his haste, to pause even at Prague and, consequently, to deliver, at this
+time, your letter to Prince Furstemberg."
+
+
+
+
+                   PART THE THIRD
+                       DUX
+                    1786-1798
+
+
+                       I
+
+               THE CASTLE AT DUX
+
+It is uncertain how long Casanova remained at Carlsbad. While there,
+however, he met again the Polish nobleman Zawoiski, with whom he had
+gambled in Venice in 1746. "As to Zawoiski, I did not tell him the story
+until I met him in Carlsbad old and deaf, forty years later." He did not
+return to Czaslau, but in September 1785 he was at Teplitz where he found
+Count Waldstein whom he accompanied to his castle at Dux.
+
+From this time onward he remained almost constantly at the castle where
+he was placed in charge of the Count's library and given a pension of one
+thousand florins annually.
+
+Describing his visit to the castle in 1899, Arthur Symons writes: "I had
+the sensation of an enormous building: all Bohemian castles are big, but
+this one was like a royal palace. Set there in the midst of the town,
+after the Bohemian fashion, it opens at the back upon great gardens, as
+if it were in the midst of the country. I walked through room after room,
+corridor after corridor; everywhere there were pictures, everywhere
+portraits of Wallenstein, and battle scenes in which he led on his
+troops. The library, which was formed, or at least arranged, by Casanova,
+and which remains as he left it, contains some twenty-five thousand
+volumes, some of them of considerable value . . . . The library forms
+part of the Museum, which occupies a ground-floor wing of the castle. The
+first room is an armoury, in which all kinds of arms are arranged, in a
+decorative way, covering the ceiling and the walls with strange patterns.
+The second room contains pottery, collected by Casanova's Waldstein on
+his Eastern travels. The third room is full of curious mechanical toys,
+and cabinets, and carvings in ivory. Finally, we come to the library,
+contained in the two innermost rooms. The book shelves are painted white
+and reach to the low vaulted ceilings, which are whitewashed. At the end
+of a bookcase, in the corner of one of the windows, hangs a fine engraved
+portrait of Casanova."
+
+In this elaborate setting, Casanova found the refuge he so sadly needed
+for his last years. The evil days of Venice and Vienna, and the problems
+and makeshifts of mere existence, were left behind. And for this refuge
+he paid the world with his Memoirs.
+
+
+
+                  II
+
+             LETTERS FROM FRANCESCA
+
+In 1786, Casanova renewed his correspondence with Francesca, who wrote:
+
+1st July 1786. "After a silence of a year and a half, I received from you
+yesterday a good letter which has consoled me in informing me that you
+are in perfect health. But, on the other hand, I was much pained to see
+that in your letter you did not call me Friend, but Madame . . . . You
+have reason to chide me and to reproach me for having rented a house
+without surety or means of paying the rent. As to the advice you give me
+that if some honest person would pay me my rent, or at least a part of
+it, I should have no scruples about taking it because a little more, or a
+little less, would be of little importance . . . . I declare to you that
+I have been disconsolated at receiving from you such a reproach which is
+absolutely unjustified . . . . You tell me that you have near you a young
+girl who merits all your solicitations and your love, she and her family
+of six persons who adore you and give you every attention; that she costs
+you all you have, so that you cannot send me even a sou . . . . I am
+pained to hear you say that you will never return to Venice, and yet I
+hope to see you again. . . ."
+
+The "young girl" referred to in Francesca's letter was Anna-Dorothea
+Kleer, daughter of the porter of the castle. This young girl became
+pregnant in 1786 and Casanova was accused of seducing her. The guilty
+one, however, was a painter named Schottner who married the unfortunate
+girl in January 1787.
+
+                    9th August 1786.
+
+"My only true friend,
+
+"It is two days since I received your dear letter; I was very happy to
+see your writing .... You have reason to mortify me and reproach me in
+recalling all the troubles I caused you, and especially that which you
+call treachery, the sale of your books, of which in part I was not guilty
+. . . . Forgive me, my dear friend, me and my foolish mother who, despite
+all my objections, absolutely insisted on selling them. Regarding that
+which you write me that you know that my mother, last year, told about
+that you had been my ruin, this may unhappily be true, since you already
+know the evil thoughts of my mother, who even says that you are still at
+Venice . . . . When have I not been always sincere with you, and when
+have I not at least listened to your good advices and offers? I am in a
+desperate situation, abandoned by all, almost in the streets, almost
+about to be homeless . . . . Where are all the pleasures which formerly
+you procured me? Where are the theatres, the comedies which we once saw
+together? . . ."
+
+                    5th January 1787.
+
+"The first of the year I received your dear letter with the bill of
+exchange for one hundred and twenty-five lires which you sent me so
+generously . . . . You say you have forgiven me for all the troubles I
+have caused you. Forget all, then, and do not accuse me any more of
+things which are but too true and of which the remembrance alone cuts me
+to the heart . . . . You write me that you have been forgotten by a
+person of whom you were very fond, that she is married and that you have
+not seen her for more than a month."
+
+The "person" referred to was Anna Kleer.
+
+                    5th October 1787.
+
+. . . . "Until the other day, I had been waiting for your arrival, hoping
+that you would come to assist at the entry of the Procurator Memmo . . . .
+I see by your good letter that you were not able to get away, since your
+presence is nearly always necessary in the great castle . . . . I learn
+of the visit you have received from the Emperor who wished to see your
+library of forty-thousand volumes! . . . You say that you detest the
+chase and that you are unhappy when politeness obliges you to go . . . .
+I am pleased to know that you are in good health, that you are stout and
+that you have a good appetite and sleep well . . . . I hope that the
+printing of your book [Histoire de ma fuite] is going according to your
+wishes. If you go to Dresden for the marriage of your niece, enjoy
+yourself for me . . . . Forget not to write to me; this gives me such
+pleasure! Remember me. Full of confidence in your friendship, I am, and
+always will be, your true and sincere friend,
+
+"Francesca Buschina."
+
+
+
+                 III
+
+
+           CORRESPONDENCE AND ACTIVITIES
+
+In 1787, a book was published under the title of 'Dreissig Brief uber
+Galizien by Traunpaur', which included this passage: "The most famous
+adventurers of two sorts (there are two, in fact: honest adventurers and
+adventurers of doubtful reputation) have appeared on the scene of the
+kingdom of Poland. The best known on the shores of the Vistula are: the
+miraculous Cagliostro: Boisson de Quency, grand charlatan, soldier of
+fortune, decorated with many orders, member of numerous Academies: the
+Venetian Casanova of Saint-Gall, a true savant, who fought a duel with
+Count Branicki: the Baron de Poellnitz . . . the lucky Count Tomatis, who
+knew so well how to correct fortune, and many others."
+
+In June 1789, Casanova received a letter from Teresa Boisson de Quency,
+the wife of the adventurer above referred to:
+
+"Much honored Monsieur Giacomo:
+
+"For a long time I have felt a very particular desire to evidence to you
+the estimation due your spirit and your eminent qualities: the superb
+sonnet augmented my wish. But the inconveniences of childbirth and the
+cares required by a little girl whom I adore, made me defer this
+pleasure. During my husband's absence, your last and much honored letter
+came to my hands. Your amiable compliments to me, engage me to take the
+pen to give you renewed assurance that you have in me a sincere admirer
+of your great talent . . . . When I wish to point out a person who writes
+and thinks with excellence, I name Monsieur Casanova . . . ."
+
+In 1793, Teresa de Quency wished to return to Venice at which time Zaguri
+wrote Casanova: "The Bassani has received letters from her husband which
+tell her nothing more than that he is alive."
+
+Casanova passed the months of May, June and July 1788 at Prague,
+supervising the printing of the Histoire de ma fuite.
+
+"I remember laughing very heartily at Prague, six years ago, on learning
+that some thin-skinned ladies, on reading my flight from The Leads, which
+was published at that date, took great offense at the above account,
+which they thought I should have done well to leave out."
+
+In May he was troubled with an attack of the grippe. In October, he was
+in Dresden, apparently with his brother. Around this time "The
+Magdalene," a painting by Correggio, was stolen from the Museum of the
+Elector.
+
+On the 30th October 1788, Casanova wrote to the Prince Belozelski,
+Russian Minister to the Court of Dresden: "Tuesday morning, after having
+embraced my dear brother, I got into a carriage to return here. At the
+barrier on the outskirts of Dresden, I was obliged to descend, and six
+men carried the two chests of my carriage, my two night-bags and my
+capelire into a little chamber on the ground level, demanded my keys, and
+examined everything . . . . The youngest of these infamous executors of
+such an order told me they were searching for 'The Magdalene! . . . The
+oldest had the impudence to put his hands on my waistcoat . . . . At last
+they let me go.
+
+"This, my prince, delayed me so that I could not reach Petervalden by
+daylight. I stopped at an evil tavern where, dying of famine and rage, I
+ate everything I saw; and, wishing to drink and not liking beer, I gulped
+down some beverage which my host told me was good and which did not seem
+unpleasant. He told me that it was Pilnitz Moste. This beverage aroused a
+rebellion in my guts. I passed the night tormented by a continual
+diarrhoea. I arrived here the day before yesterday (the 28th), where I
+found an unpleasant duty awaiting me. Two months ago, I brought a woman
+here to cook, needing her while the Count is away; as soon as she
+arrived, I gave her a room and I went to Leipzig. On returning here, I
+found three servants in the hands of surgeons and all three blame my cook
+for putting them in such a state. The Count's courier had already told
+me, at Leipzig, that she had crippled him. Yesterday the Count arrived
+and would do nothing but laugh, but I have sent her back and exhorted her
+to imitate the Magdalene. The amusing part is that she is old, ugly and
+ill-smelling."
+
+In 1789, 1791 and 1792, Casanova received three letters from Maddalena
+Allegranti, the niece of J. B. Allegranti the innkeeper with whom
+Casanova lodged at Florence in 1771. "This young person, still a child,
+was so pretty, so gracious, with such spirit and such charms, that she
+incessantly distracted me. Sometimes she would come into my chamber to
+wish me good-morning . . . . Her appearance, her grace, the sound of her
+voice . . . were more than I could resist; and, fearing the seduction
+would excuse mine, I could find no other expedient than to take flight.
+. . . Some years later, Maddalena became a celebrated musician."
+
+At this period of Casanova's life, we hear again of the hussy who so
+upset Casanova during his visit to London that he was actually on the
+point of committing suicide through sheer desperation. On the 20th
+September 1789, he wrote to the Princess Clari, sister of the Prince de
+Ligne: "I am struck by a woman at first sight, she completely ravishes
+me, and I am perhaps lost, for she may be a Charpillon."
+
+There were, among the papers at Dux, two letters from Marianne
+Charpillon, and a manuscript outlining the story of Casanova's relations
+with her and her family, as detailed in the Memoirs: With the story in
+mind, the letters from this girl, "the mistress, now of one, now of
+another," are of interest:
+
+"I know not, Monsieur, whether you forgot the engagement Saturday last;
+as for me, I remember that you consented to give us the pleasure of
+having you at dinner to-day, Monday, the 12th of the month. I would
+greatly like to know whether your ill-humor has left you; this would
+please me. Farewell, in awaiting the honor of seeing you.
+
+"Marianne de Charpillon."
+
+"Monsieur,
+
+"As I have a part in all which concerns you, I am greatly put out to know
+of the new illness which incommodes you; I hope that this will be so
+trifling that we will have the pleasure of seeing you well and at our
+house, to-day or to-morrow.
+
+"And, in truth, the gift which you sent me is so pretty that I know not
+how to express to you the pleasure it has given me and how much I value
+it; and I cannot see why you must always provoke me by telling me that it
+is my fault that you are filled with bile, while I am as innocent as a
+new-born babe and would wish you so gentle and patient that your blood
+would become a true clarified syrup; this will come to you if you follow
+my advice. I am, Monsieur,
+
+"Your very humble servant,
+
+"[Marianne Charpillon]
+
+"Wednesday at six o'clock"
+
+
+On the 8th April, 1790, Zaguri wrote in reference to vertigo of which
+Casanova complained: "Have you tried riding horseback? Do you not think
+that is an excellent preservative? I tried it this last summer and I find
+myself very well."
+
+In 1790, Casanova had a conversation with the Emperor Joseph II at
+Luxemburg, on the subject of purchased nobility, which he reports in the
+Memoirs.
+
+This same year, attending the coronation of Leopold at Prague, Casanova
+met his grandson (and, probably, as he himself believed, his own son),
+the son of Leonilda, who was the daughter of Casanova and Donna Lucrezia,
+and who was married to the Marquis C . . . . In 1792, Leonilda wrote,
+inviting Casanova to "spend the remainder of my days with her."
+
+In February 1791, Casanova wrote to Countess Lamberg: "I have in my
+capitularies more than four hundred sentences which pass for aphorisms
+and which include all the tricks which place one word for another. One
+can read in Livy that Hannibal overcame the Alps by means of vinegar. No
+elephant ever uttered such a stupidity. Livy? Not at all. Livy was not a
+beast; it is you who are, foolish instructor of credulous youth! Livy did
+not say aceto which means vinegar, but aceta which means axe."
+
+In April 1791, Casanova wrote to Carlo Grimani at Venice, stating that he
+felt he had committed a great fault in publishing his libel, 'Ne amori ne
+donne', and very humbly begging his pardon. Also that his Memoirs would
+be composed of six volumes in octavo with a seventh supplementary volume
+containing codicils.
+
+In June, Casanova composed for the theater of Princess Clari, at Teplitz,
+a piece entitled: 'Le Polemoscope ou la Calomnie demasquee par la
+presence d'esprit, tragicomedie en trois actes'. The manuscript was
+preserved at Dux, together with another form of the same, having the
+sub-title of 'La Lorgnette Menteuse ou la Calomnie demasquee'. It may be
+assumed that the staging of this piece was an occasion of pleasant
+activity for Casanova.
+
+In January 1792, during Count Waldstein's absence in London or Paris,
+Casanova was embroiled with M. Faulkircher, maitre d'hotel, over the
+unpleasant matter indicated in two of Casanova's letters to this
+functionary:
+
+"Your rascally Vidierol . . . tore my portrait out of one of my books,
+scrawled my name on it, with the epithet which you taught him and then
+stuck it on the door of the privy ....
+
+"Determined to make sure of the punishment of your infamous valet, and
+wishing at the same time to give proof of my respect for Count Waldstein,
+not forgetting that, as a last resort, I have the right to invade his
+jurisdiction, I took an advocate, wrote my complaint and had it
+translated into German . . . . Having heard of this at Teplitz, and
+having known that I would not save your name, you came to my chamber to
+beg me to write whatever I wished but not to name you because it would
+place you wrong before the War Council and expose you to the loss of your
+pension . . . . I have torn up my first complaint and have written a
+second in Latin, which an advocate of Bilin has translated for me and
+which I have deposited at the office of the judiciary at Dux...."
+
+Following this matter, Casanova attended the Carnival at Oberleutensdorf,
+and left at Dux a manuscript headed 'Passe temps de Jacques Casanova de
+Seingalt pour le carnaval de l'an 1792 dans le bourg d'Oberleutensdorf'.
+While in that city, meditating on the Faulkircher incident, he wrote also
+'Les quinze pardons, monologue nocturne du bibliothecaire', also
+preserved in manuscript at Dux, in which we read:
+
+"Gerron, having served twenty years as a simple soldier, acquired a great
+knowledge of military discipline. This man was not yet seventy years old.
+He had come to believe, partly from practice, partly from theory, that
+twenty blows with a baton on the rump are not dishonoring. When the
+honest soldier was unfortunate enough to deserve them, he accepted them
+with resignation. The pain was sharp, but not lasting; it did not deprive
+him of either appetite nor honor . . . . Gerron, becoming a corporal, had
+obtained no idea of any kind of sorrow other than that coming from the
+blows of a baton on the rump . . . . On this idea, he thought that the
+soul of an honest man was no different than a soldier's breech. If Gerron
+caused trouble to the spirit of a man of honor, he thought that this
+spirit, like his own, had only a rump, and that any trouble he caused
+would pass likewise. He deceived himself. The breech of the spirit of an
+honest man is different than the breech of the spirit of a Gerron who
+rendered compatible the rank of a military officer with the vile
+employments of a domestic and the stable-master of some particular lord.
+Since Gerron deceived himself, we must pardon him all his faults . . ."
+etc.
+
+Casanova complained of the Faulkircher incident to the mother of Count
+Waldstein, who wrote: "I pity you, Monsieur, for being obliged to live
+among such people and in such evil company, but my son will not forget
+that which he owes to himself and I am sure he will give you all the
+satisfaction you wish." Also to his friend Zaguri, who wrote, the 16th
+March: "I hope that the gout in your hand will not torment you any more.
+. . . You have told me the story I asked about and which begins: 'Two
+months have passed since an officer, who is at Vienna, insulted me!' I
+cannot understand whether he who wrote you an insulting letter is at
+Vienna or whether he is at Dux. When will the Count return? . . . You
+should await his return because you would have, among other reasons to
+present to him, that of not wishing to have recourse to other
+jurisdiction than his. . . You say your letters have been intercepted?
+Someone has put your portrait in the privy? The devil! It is a miracle
+that you have not killed someone. Positively, I am curious to know the
+results and I hope that you make no mistakes in this affair which appears
+to me very delicate."
+
+In August 1792, or thereabouts, Da Ponte on his way to Dresden, visited
+Casanova at Dux, in the hope of collecting an old debt, but gave up this
+hope on realizing Casanova's limited resources. In the winter of 1792-3
+Da Ponte found himself in great distress in Holland. "Casanova was the
+only man to whom I could apply," he writes in his Memoirs. "To better
+dispose him, I thought to write him in verse, depicting my troubles and
+begging him to send me some money on account of that which he still owed
+me. Far from considering my request, he contented himself with replying,
+in vulgar prose, by a laconic billet which I transcribe: 'When Cicero
+wrote to his friends, he avoided telling them of his affairs.'"
+
+In May 1793, Da Ponte wrote from London: "Count Waldstein has lived a
+very obscure life in London, badly lodged, badly dressed, badly served,
+always in cabarets, cafes, with porters, with rascals, with . . . we will
+leave out the rest. He has the heart of an angel and an excellent
+character, but not so good a head as ours."
+
+Toward the end of 1792, Cssanova wrote a letter to Robespierre, which, as
+he advises M. Opiz, the 13th January 1793, occupied one hundred and
+twenty folio pages. This letter was not to be found at Dux and it may
+possibly have been sent, or may have been destroyed by Casanova on the
+advice of Abbe O'Kelly. Casanova's feelings were very bitter over the
+trial of Louis XVI., and in his letters to M. Opiz he complained bitterly
+of the Jacobins and predicted the ruin of France. Certainly, to Casanova,
+the French Revolution represented the complete overthrow of many of his
+cherished illusions.
+
+On the 1st August 1793, Wilhelmina Rietz, Countess Lichtenau (called the
+Pompadour of Frederic-William II., King of Prussia) wrote to the
+librarian at Dux:
+
+"Monsieur
+
+"It seems impossible to know where Count Valstaine [Waldstein] is
+staying, whether he is in Europe, Africa, America, or possibly the
+Megamiques. If he is there, you are the only one who could insure his
+receiving the enclosed letter.
+
+"For my part, I have not yet had time to read their history, but the
+first reading I do will assuredly be that.
+
+"Mademoiselle Chappuis has the honor of recalling herself to your memory,
+and I have that of being your very humble servant,
+
+"Wilhelmina Rietz."
+
+The allusions to a "history" and to the 'Megamiques' in this letter refer
+to Casanova's romance, 'Icosameron'.
+
+About this time, Count Waldstein returned to Dux after having been, at
+Paris, according to Da Ponte, concerned in planning the flight of Louis
+XVI., and in attempting to save the Princess Lamballe. On the 17th
+August, Casanova replied to the above letter:
+
+"Madame,
+
+"I handed the Count your letter two minutes after having received it,
+finding him easily. I told him that he should respond at once, for the
+post was ready to go; but, as he begged to wait for the following
+ordinary, I did not insist. The day before yesterday, he begged me to
+wait again, but he did not find me so complaisant. I respond to you,
+Madame, for his carelessness in replying to letters is extreme; he is so
+shameful that he is in despair when he is obliged to it. Although he may
+not respond, be sure of seeing him at your house at Berlin after the
+Leipzig Fair, with a hundred bad excuses which you will laugh at and
+pretend to believe good ones . . . . This last month, my wish to see
+Berlin again has become immeasurable, and I will do my best to have Count
+Waldstein take me there in the month of October or at least to permit me
+to go . . . . You have given me an idea of Berlin far different than that
+the city left with me when I passed four months there twenty-nine years
+ago . . . . If my 'Icosameron' interests you, I offer you its Spirit. I
+wrote it here two years ago and I would not have published it if I had
+not dared hope that the Theological Censor would permit it. At Berlin no
+one raised the least difficulty . . . . If circumstances do not permit me
+to pay you my respects at Berlin, I hope for the happiness of seeing you
+here next year . . . ."
+
+Sometime after this and following his quarrel with M. Opiz, Casanova
+evidently passed through a period of depression, as indicated by a
+manuscript at Dux, headed "Short reflection of a philosopher who finds
+himself thinking of procuring his own death," and dated "the 13th
+December 1793, the day dedicated to S. Lucie, remarkable in my too long
+life."
+
+"Life is a burden to me. What is the metaphysical being who prevents me
+from slaying myself? It is Nature. What is the other being who enjoins me
+to lighten the burdens of that life which brings me only feeble pleasures
+and heavy pains? It is Reason. Nature is a coward which, demanding only
+conservation, orders me to sacrifice all to its existence. Reason is a
+being which gives me resemblance to God, which treads instinct under foot
+and which teaches me to choose the best way after having well considered
+the reasons. It demonstrates to me that I am a man in imposing silence on
+the Nature which opposes that action which alone could remedy all my
+ills.
+
+"Reason convinces me that the power I have of slaying myself is a
+privilege given me by God, by which I perceive that I am superior to all
+animals created in the world; for there is no animal who can slay itself
+nor think of slaying itself, except the scorpion, which poisons itself,
+but only when the fire which surrounds it convinces it that it cannot
+save itself from being burned. This animal slays itself because it fears
+fire more than death. Reason tells me imperiously that I have the right
+to slay myself, with the divine oracle of Cen: 'Qui non potest vivere
+bene non vivat male.' These eight words have such power that it is
+impossible that a man to whom life is a burden could do other than slay
+himself on first hearing them."
+
+Certainly, however, Casanova did not deceive himself with these sophisms,
+and Nature, who for many years had unquestionably lavished her gifts on
+him, had her way.
+
+Over the end of the year, the two mathematicians, Casanova and Opiz, at
+the request of Count Waldstein, made a scientific examination of the
+reform of the calendar as decreed the 5th October 1793 by the National
+Convention.
+
+In January 1795, Casanova wrote to the Princess Lobkowitz to thank her
+for her gift of a little dog. On the 16th the Princess wrote from Vienna:
+
+"Monsieur,
+
+"I am enchanted at the charming reception you accorded the dog which I
+sent you when I learned of the death of your well-loved greyhound,
+knowing that she would nowhere be better cared for than with you,
+Monsieur. I hope with all my heart that she has all the qualities which
+may, in some fashion, help you to forget the deceased . . . ."
+
+In the autumn of 1795, Casanova left Dux. The Prince de Ligne writes in
+his Memoirs: "God directed him to leave Dux. Scarcely believing in more
+than his death, which he no longer doubted, he pretended that each thing
+he had done was by the direction of God and this was his guide. God
+directed him to ask me for letters of recommendation to the Duke of
+Weimar, who was my good friend, to the Duchess of Gotha, who did not know
+me, and to the Jews of Berlin. And he departed secretly, leaving for
+Count Waldstein a letter at once tender, proud, honest and irritating.
+Waldstein laughed and said he would return. Casanova waited in
+ante-chambers; no one would place him either as governor, librarian or
+chamberlain. He said everywhere that the Germans were thorough beasts.
+The excellent and very amiable Duke of Weimer welcomed him wonderfully;
+but in an instant he became jealous of Goethe and Wieland, who were under
+the Duke's protection. He declaimed against them and against the
+literature of the country which he did not, and could not, know. At
+Berlin, he declaimed against the ignorance, the superstition and the
+knavery of the Hebrews to whom I had addressed him, drawing meanwhile,
+for the money they claimed of him, bills of exchange on the Count who
+laughed, paid, and embraced him when he returned. Casanova laughed, wept,
+and told him that God had ordered him to make this trip of six weeks, to
+leave without speaking of it, and to return to his chamber at Dux.
+Enchanted at seeing us again, he agreeably related to us all the
+misfortunes which had tried him and to which his susceptibility gave the
+name of humiliations. 'I am proud,' he said, 'because I am nothing'. . . .
+Eight days after his return, what new troubles! Everyone had been
+served strawberries before him, and none remained for him."
+
+The Prince de Ligne, although he was Casanova's sincere friend and
+admirer, gives a rather somber picture of Casanova's life at Dux: "It
+must not be imagined that he was satisfied to live quietly in the refuge
+provided him through the kindness of Waldstein. That was not within his
+nature. Not a day passed without trouble; something was certain to be
+wrong with the coffee, the milk, the dish of macaroni, which he required
+each day. There were always quarrels in the house. The cook had ruined
+his polenta; the coachman had given him a bad driver to bring him to see
+me; the dogs had barked all night; there had been more guests than usual
+and he had found it necessary to eat at a side table. Some hunting-horn
+had tormented his ear with its blasts; the priest had been trying to
+convert him; Count Waldstein had not anticipated his morning greeting;
+the servant had delayed with his wine; he had not been introduced to some
+distinguished personage who had come to see the lance which had pierced
+the side of the great Wallenstein; the Count had lent a book without
+telling him; a groom had not touched his hat to him; his German speech
+had been misunderstood; he had become angry and people had laughed at
+him."
+
+Like Count Waldstein, however, the Prince de Ligne made the widest
+allowances, understanding the chafing of Casanova's restless spirit.
+"Casanova has a mind without an equal, from which each word is
+extraordinary and each thought a book."
+
+On the 16th December, he wrote Casanova: "One is never old with your
+heart, your genius and your stomach."
+
+Casanova's own comment on his trip away from Dux will be found in the
+Memoirs. "Two years ago, I set out for Hamburg, but my good genius made
+me return to Dux. What had I to do at Hamburg?"
+
+On the 10th December, Casanova's brother Giovanni [Jean] died. He was the
+Director of the Academy of Painting at Dresden. Apparently the two
+brothers could not remain friends.
+
+Giovanni left two daughters, Teresa and Augusta, and two sons, Carlo and
+Lorenzo. While he was unable to remain friendly with his brother,
+Casanova apparently wished to be of assistance to his nieces, who were
+not in the best of circumstances, and he exchanged a number of letters
+with Teresa after her father's death.
+
+On the occasion of Teresa Casanova's visit to Vienna in 1792, Princess
+Clari, oldest sister of the Prince de Ligne, wrote of her: "She is
+charming in every way, pretty as love, always amiable; she has had great
+success. Prince Kaunitz loves her to the point of madness."
+
+In a letter of the 25th April 1796, Teresa assured her "very amiable and
+very dear uncle" that the cautions, which occupied three-fourths of his
+letter, were unnecessary; and compared him with his brother Francois, to
+the injury of the latter. On the 5th May, Teresa wrote:
+
+"Before thanking you for your charming letter, my very kind uncle, I
+should announce the issue of our pension of one hundred and sixty crowns
+a year, which is to say, eighty crowns apiece; I am well satisfied for I
+did not hope to receive so much." In the same letter, Teresa spoke of
+seeing much of a "charming man," Don Antonio, who was no other than the
+rascally adventurer Don Antonio della Croce with whom Casanova had been
+acquainted since 1753, who assisted Casanova in losing a thousand sequins
+at Milan in 1763; who in 1767, at Spa, following financial reverses,
+abandoned his pregnant mistress to the charge of Casanova; and who in
+August 1795, wrote to Casanova: "Your letter gave me great pleasure as
+the sweet souvenir of our old friendship, unique and faithful over a
+period of fifty years."
+
+It is probable that, at this time, Casanova visited Dresden and Berlin
+also. In his letter "To Leonard Snetlage," he writes: "'That which proves
+that revolution should arrive,' a profound thinker said to me in Berlin,
+last year, 'is that it has arrived.'"
+
+On the 1st March, 1798, Carlo Angiolini, the son of Maria Maddalena,
+Casanova's sister, wrote to Casanova: "This evening, Teresa will marry M.
+le Chambellan de Veisnicht [Von Wessenig] whom you know well." This
+desirable marriage received the approval of Francesco also. Teresa, as
+the Baroness Wessenig, occupied a prominent social position at Dresden.
+She died in 1842.
+
+Between the 13th February and the 6th December 1796, Casanova engaged in
+a correspondence with Mlle. Henriette de Schuckmann who was visiting at
+Bayreuth. This Henriette (unfortunately not the Henriette of the Memoirs
+whose "forty letters" to Casanova apparently have not been located), had
+visited the library at Dux in the summer of 1786. "I was with the
+Chamberlain Freiberg, and I was greatly moved, as much by your
+conversation as by your kindness which provided me with a beautiful
+edition of Metastasio, elegantly bound in red morocco." Finding herself
+at Bayreuth in an enforced idleness and wishing a stimulant, wishing also
+to borrow some books, she wrote Casanova, under the auspices of Count
+Koenig, a mutual friend, the 13th February 1796, recalling herself to his
+memory. Casanova responded to her overtures and five of her letters were
+preserved at Dux. On the 28th May Henriette wrote:
+
+"But certainly, my good friend, your letters have given me the greatest
+pleasure, and it is with a rising satisfaction that I pore over all you
+say to me. I love, I esteem, I cherish, your frankness . . . . I
+understand you perfectly and I love to distraction the lively and
+energetic manner with which you express yourself."
+
+On the 30th September, she wrote: "You will read to-day, if you please, a
+weary letter; for your silence, Monsieur, has given me humors. A promise
+is a debt, and in your last letter you promised to write me at least a
+dozen pages. I have every right to call you a bad debtor; I could summon
+you before a court of justice; but all these acts of vengeance would not
+repair the loss which I have endured through my hope and my fruitless
+waiting . . . . It is your punishment to read this trivial page; but
+although my head is empty, my heart is not so, and it holds for you a
+very living friendship."
+
+In March 1797, this Henriette went to Lausanne and in May from there to
+her father's home at Mecklenburg.
+
+
+
+                  IV
+
+        CORRESPONDENCE WITH JEAN-FERDINAND OPIZ
+
+On the 27th July 1792, Casanova wrote M. Opiz that he had finished the
+twelfth volume of his Memoirs, with his age at forty-seven years 1772.
+"Our late friend, the worthy Count Max Josef Lamberg," he added, "could
+not bear the idea of my burning my Memoirs, and expecting to survive me,
+had persuaded me to send him the first four volumes. But now there is no
+longer any questions that his good soul has left his organs. Three weeks
+ago I wept for his death, all the more so as he would still be living if
+he had listened to me. I am, perhaps, the only one who knows the truth.
+He who slew him was the surgeon Feuchter at Cremsir, who applied
+thirty-six mercurial plasters on a gland in his left groin which was
+swollen but not by the pox, as I am sure by the description he gave me of
+the cause of the swelling. The mercury mounted to his esophagus and,
+being able to swallow neither solids nor fluids, he died the 23rd June of
+positive famine . . . . The interest of the bungling surgeon is to say
+that he died of the pox. This is not true, I beg, you to give the lie to
+anyone you hear saying it. I have before my eyes four hundred and sixty
+of his letters over which I weep and which I will burn. I have asked
+Count Leopold to burn mine, which he had saved, and I hope that he will
+please me by doing it. I have survived all my true friends. 'Tempus abire
+mihi est' Horace says to me.
+
+"Returning to my Memoirs . . . I am a detestable man; but I do not care
+about having it known, and I do not aspire to the honor of the
+detestation of posterity. My work is full of excellent moral
+instructions. But to what good, if the charming descriptions of my
+offences excite the readers more to action than to repentance?
+Furthermore, knowing readers would divine the names of all the women and
+of the men which I have masked, whose transgressions are unknown to the
+world, my indiscretion would injure them, they would cry out against my
+perfidy, even though every word of my history were true . . . . Tell me
+yourself whether or not I should burn my work? I am curious to have your
+advice."
+
+On the 6th May 1793, Casanova wrote Opiz: "The letter of recommendation
+you ask of me to the professor my brother for your younger son, honors
+me; and there is no doubt that, having for you all the estimation your
+qualities merit, I should send it to you immediately. But this cannot be.
+And here is the reason. My brother is my enemy; he has given me sure
+indications of it and it appears that his hate will not cease until I no
+longer exist. I hope that he may long survive me and be happy. This
+desire is my only apology."
+
+"The epigraph of the little work which I would give to the public,"
+Casanova wrote the 23rd August 1793, "is 'In pondere et mensura'. It is
+concerned with gravity and measure. I would demonstrate not only that the
+course of the stars is irregular but also that it is susceptible only to
+approximate measures and that consequently we must join physical and
+moral calculations in establishing celestial movements. For I prove that
+all fixed axes must have a necessarily irregular movement of oscillation,
+from which comes a variation in all the necessary curves of the planets
+which compose their eccentricities and their orbits. I demonstrate that
+light has neither body nor spirit; I demonstrate that it comes in an
+instant from its respective star; I demonstrate the impossibility of many
+parallaxes and the uselessness of many others. I criticize not only
+Tiko-Brahi, but also Kepler and Newton . . . .
+
+"I wish to send you my manuscript and give you the trouble of publishing
+it with my name at Prague or elsewhere . . . . I will sell it to the
+printer or to yourself for fifty florins and twenty-five copies on fine
+paper when it is printed."
+
+But Opiz replied:
+
+"As the father of a family, I do not feel myself authorized to dispose of
+my revenues on the impulse of my fancy or as my heart suggests.... and no
+offer of yours could make me a book-seller."
+
+This shows plainly enough that Opiz, for all his interest in Casanova,
+had not the qualities of true friendship.
+
+On the 6th September 1793, Casanova wrote:
+
+"I will have my Reveries printed at Dresden, and I will be pleased to
+send you a copy. I laughed a little at your fear that I would take
+offense because you did not want my manuscript by sending me the
+ridiculous sum I named to you. This refusal, my dear friend, did not
+offend me. On the contrary it was useful as an aid in knowing character.
+Add to this that in making the offer I thought to make you a gift. Fear
+nothing from the event. Your system of economy will never interfere with
+either my proceedings or my doctrines; and I am in no need of begging
+you, for I think that your action followed only your inclination and
+consequently your greatest pleasure."
+
+On the insistence of Opiz, Casanova continued his correspondence, but he
+passed over nothing more, neither in exact quotations from Latin authors,
+nor solecisms, nor lame reasonings. He even reproached him for his poor
+writing and did not cease joking at the philanthropic and amiable
+sentiments Opiz loved to parade while at the same time keeping his
+purse-strings tight. A number of quarreling letters followed, after which
+the correspondence came to an end. One of Casanova's last letters, that
+of the 2nd February 1794, concludes: "One day M. de Bragadin said to me:
+'Jacques, be careful never to convince a quibbler, for he will become
+your enemy.' After this wise advice I avoided syllogism, which tended
+toward conviction. But in spite of this you have become my enemy. . . ."
+
+Among the Casanova manuscripts at Dux was one giving his final comment on
+his relations with Opiz. Accusing Opiz of bringing about a quarrel,
+Casanova nevertheless admits that he himself may not be blameless, but
+lays this to his carelessness. "I have a bad habit," he writes, "of not
+reading over my letters. If, in re-reading those I wrote to M. Opiz, I
+had found them bitter, I would have burned them." Probably Casanova
+struck the root of the matter in his remark, "Perfect accord is the first
+charm of a reciprocal friendship." The two men were primarily of so
+different a temperament, that they apparently could not long agree even
+on subjects on which they were most in accord.
+
+The complete correspondence is of very considerable interest.
+
+
+
+                  V
+
+               PUBLICATIONS
+
+In 1786, Casanova published 'Le soliloque d'un penseur', in which he
+speaks of Saint-Germain and of Cagliostro. On the 23rd December 1792,
+Zaguri wrote Casanova that Cagliostro was in prison at San Leo. "Twenty
+years ago, I told Cagliostro not to set his foot in Rome, and if he had
+followed this advice he would not have died miserably in a Roman prison."
+
+In January 1788, appeared 'Icosameron' a romance in five volumes,
+dedicated to Count Waldstein, which he describes as "translated from the
+English." This fanciful romance, which included philosophic and
+theological discussions, was the original work of Casanova and not a
+translation. It was criticized in 1789 by a literary journal at Jena.
+Preserved at Dux were several manuscripts with variants of 'Icosameron'
+and also an unpublished reply to the criticism.
+
+In 1788 Casanova published the history of his famous flight
+from "The Leads". An article on this book appeared in the German
+'Litteratur-Zeitung', 29th June 1789: "As soon as the history was
+published and while it was exciting much interest among us and among our
+neighbors, it was seen that other attempts at flight from prisons would
+make their appearance. The subject in itself is captivating; all
+prisoners awake our compassion, particularly when they are enclosed in a
+severe prison and are possibly innocent . . . . The history with which we
+are concerned has all the appearances of truth; many Venetians have
+testified to it, and the principal character, M. Casanova, brother of the
+celebrated painter, actually lives at Dux in Bohemia where the Count
+Waldstein has established him as guardian of his important library."
+
+In July 1789 there was discovered, among the papers of the Bastille, the
+letter which Casanova wrote from Augsburg in May 1767 to Prince Charles
+of Courlande on the subject of fabricating gold. Carrel published this
+letter at once in the third volume of his 'Memoirs authentiques et
+historiques sur la Bastille'. Casanova kept a copy of this letter and
+includes it in the Memoirs.
+
+In October 1789, Casanova wrote M. Opiz that he was writing to a
+professor of mathematics [M. Lagrange] at Paris, a long letter in
+Italian, on the duplication of the cube, which he wished to publish. In
+August 1790, Casanova published his 'Solution du Probleme Deliaque
+demontree and Deux corollaires a la duplication de hexadre'. On the
+subject of his pretended solution of this problem in speculative
+mathematics, Casanova engaged with M. Opiz in a heated technical
+discussion between the 16th September and 1st November 1790. Casanova
+sought vainly to convince Opiz of the correctness of his solution.
+Finally, M. Opiz, tired of the polemics, announced that he was leaving on
+a six-weeks tour of inspection and that he would not be able to occupy
+himself with the duplication of the cube for some time to come. On the
+1st November, Casanova wished him a pleasant journey and advised him to
+guard against the cold because "health is the soul of life."
+
+In 1797, appeared the last book published during Casanova's lifetime, a
+small work entitled: 'A Leonard Snetlage, docteur en droit de
+l'Universite de Goettingue, Jacques Casanova, docteur en droit de
+l'Universite de Padoue'. This was a careful criticism of the neologisms
+introduced into French by the Revolution. In reference to Casanova's
+title of "Doctor," researches by M. Favoro at the University of Padua had
+failed to establish this claim, although, in the Memoirs Casanova had
+written:
+
+"I remained at Padua long enough to prepare myself for the Doctor's
+degree, which I intended to take the following year." With this devil of
+a man, it is always prudent to look twice before peremptorily questioning
+the truth of his statement. And in fact, the record of Casanova's
+matriculation was discovered by Signor Bruno Brunelli.
+
+
+
+                  VI
+
+              SUMMARY of MY LIFE
+
+The 2nd November, 1797, Cecilia Roggendorff wrote to Casanova: "By the
+way, how do you call yourself, by your baptismal name? On what day and in
+what year were you born? You may laugh, if you wish, at my questions, but
+I command you to satisfy me . . ." To this request, Casanova responded
+with:
+
+"Summary of My Life:--my mother brought me into the world at Venice on
+the 2nd April, Easter day of the year 1725. She had, the night before, a
+strong desire for crawfish. I am very fond of them.
+
+"At baptism, I was named Jacques-Jerome. I was an idiot until I was
+eight-and-a-half years old. After having had a hemorrhage for three
+months, I was taken to Padua, where, cured of my imbecility, I applied
+myself to study and, at the age of sixteen years I was made a doctor and
+given the habit of a priest so that I might go seek my fortune at Rome.
+
+"At Rome, the daughter of my French instructor was the cause of my being
+dismissed by my patron, Cardinal Aquaviva.
+
+"At the age of eighteen years, I entered the military service of my
+country, and I went to Constantinople. Two years afterward, having
+returned to Venice, I left the profession of honor and, taking the bit in
+my teeth, embraced the wretched profession of a violinist. I horrified my
+friends, but this did not last for very long.
+
+"At the age of twenty-one years, one of the highest nobles of Venice
+adopted me as his son, and, having become rich, I went to see Italy,
+France, Germany and Vienna where I knew Count Roggendorff. I returned to
+Venice, where, two years later, the State Inquisitors of Venice, for just
+and wise reasons, imprisoned me under The Leads.
+
+"This was the state prison, from which no one had ever escaped, but, with
+the aid of God, I took flight at the end of fifteen months and went to
+Paris. In two years, my affairs prospered so well that I became worth a
+million, but, all the same, I went bankrupt. I made money in Holland;
+suffered misfortune in Stuttgart; was received with honors in
+Switzerland; visited M. de Voltaire; adventured in Genoa, Marseilles,
+Florence and in Rome where the Pope Rezzonico, a Venetian, made me a
+Chevalier of Saint-Jean-Latran and an apostolic protonotary. This was in
+the year 1760.
+
+"In the same year I found good fortune at Naples; at Florence I carried
+off a girl; and, the following year, I was to attend the Congress at
+Augsburg, charged with a commission from the King of Portugal. The
+Congress did not meet there and, after the publication of peace, I passed
+on into England, which great misfortunes caused me to leave in the
+following year, 1764. I avoided the gibbet which, however, should not
+have dishonored me as I should only have been hung. In the same year I
+searched in vain for fortune at Berlin and at Petersburg, but I found it
+at Warsaw in the following year. Nine months afterwards, I lost it
+through being embroiled in a pistol duel with General Branicki; I pierced
+his abdomen but in eight months he was well again and I was very much
+pleased. He was a brave man. Obliged to leave Poland, I returned to Paris
+in 1767, but a 'lettre de cachet' obliged me to leave and I went to Spain
+where I met with great misfortunes. I committed the crime of making
+nocturnal visits to the mistress of the 'vice-roi', who was a great
+scoundrel.
+
+"At the frontiers of Spain, I escaped from assassins only to suffer, at
+Aix, in Provence, an illness which took me to the edge of the grave,
+after spitting blood for eighteen months.
+
+"In the year 1769, I published my Defense of the Government of Venice, in
+three large volumes, written against Amelot de la Houssaie.
+
+"In the following year the English Minister at the Court of Turin sent
+me, well recommended, to Leghorn. I wished to go to Constantinople with
+the Russian fleet, but as Admiral Orlof, would not meet my conditions, I
+retraced my steps and went to Rome under the pontificate of Ganganelli.
+
+"A happy love affair made me leave Rome and go to Naples and, three
+months later, an unhappy love made me return to Rome. I had measured
+swords for the third time with Count Medini who died four years ago at
+London, in prison for his debts.
+
+"Having considerable money, I went to Florence, where, during the
+Christmas Festival, the Archduke Leopold, the Emperor who died four or
+five years ago, ordered me to leave his dominions within three days. I
+had a mistress who, by my advice, became Marquise de * * * at Bologna.
+
+"Weary of running about Europe, I determined to solicit mercy from the
+Venetian State Inquisitors. For this purpose, I established myself at
+Trieste where, two years later, I obtained it. This was the 14th
+September 1774. My return to Venice after nineteen years was the most
+pleasant moment of my life.
+
+"In 1782, I became embroiled with the entire body of the Venetian
+nobility. At the beginning of 1783, I voluntarily left the ungrateful
+country and went to Vienna. Six months later I went to Paris with the
+intention of establishing myself there, but my brother, who had lived
+there for twenty-six years, made me forget my interests in favor of his.
+I rescued him from the hands of his wife and took him to Vienna where
+Prince Kaunitz engaged him to establish himself. He is still there, older
+than I am by two years.
+
+"I placed myself in the service of M. Foscarini, Venetian Ambassador, to
+write dispatches. Two years later, he died in my arms, killed by the gout
+which mounted into his chest. I then set out for Berlin in the hope of
+securing a position with the Academy, but, half way there, Count
+Waldstein stopped me at Teplitz and led me to Dux where I still am and
+where, according to all appearances, I shall die.
+
+"This is the only summary of my life that I have written, and I permit
+any use of it which may be desired.
+
+"'Non erubesco evangelium'.
+
+"This 17th November 1797.
+
+"Jacques Casanova."
+
+In reference to Casanova's ironic remark about his escape from England,
+see his conversation, on the subject of "dishonor," with Sir Augustus
+Hervey at London in 1763, which is given in the Memoirs.
+
+
+
+                 VII
+
+              LAST DAYS AT DUX
+
+Scattered through the Memoirs are many of Casanova's thoughts about his
+old age. Some were possibly incorporated in the original text, others
+possibly added when he revised the text in 1797. These vary from
+resignation to bitterness, doubtless depending on Casanova's state of
+mind at the moment he wrote them:
+
+"Now that I am seventy-two years old, I believe myself no longer
+susceptible of such follies. But alas! that is the very thing which
+causes me to be miserable."
+
+"I hate old age which offers only what I already know, unless I should
+take up a gazette."
+
+"Age has calmed my passions by rendering them powerless, but my heart has
+not grown old and my memory has kept all the freshness of youth."
+
+"No, I have not forgotten her [Henriette]; for even now, when my head is
+covered with white hair, the recollection of her is still a source of
+happiness for my heart."
+
+"A scene which, even now, excites my mirth."
+
+"Age, that cruel and unavoidable disease, compels me to be in good
+health, in spite of myself."
+
+"Now that I am but the shadow of the once brilliant Casanova, I love to
+chatter."
+
+"Now that age has whitened my hair and deadened the ardor of my senses,
+my imagination does not take such a high flight and I think differently."
+
+"What embitters my old age is that, having a heart as warm as ever, I
+have no longer the strength necessary to secure a single day as blissful
+as those which I owed to this charming girl."
+
+"When I recall these events, I grow young again and feel once more the
+delights of youth, despite the long years which separate me from that
+happy time."
+
+"Now that I am getting into my dotage, I look on the dark side of
+everything. I am invited to a wedding and see naught but gloom; and,
+witnessing the coronation of Leopold II, at Prague, I say to myself,
+'Nolo coronari'. Cursed old age, thou art only worthy of dwelling in
+hell."
+
+"The longer I live, the more interest I take in my papers. They are the
+treasure which attaches me to life and makes death more hateful still."
+
+And so on, through the Memoirs, Casanova supplies his own picture,
+knowing very well that the end, even of his cherished memories, is not
+far distant.
+
+In 1797, Casanova relates an amusing, but irritating incident, which
+resulted in the loss of the first three chapters of the second volume of
+the Memoirs through the carelessness of a servant girl at Dux who took
+the papers "old, written upon, covered with scribbling and erasures," for
+"her own purposes," thus necessitating a re-writing, "which I must now
+abridge," of these chapters. Thirty years before, Casanova would
+doubtless have made love to the girl and all would have been forgiven.
+But, alas for the "hateful old age" permitting no relief except
+irritation and impotent anger.
+
+On the 1st August, 1797, Cecilia Roggendorff, the daughter of the Count
+Roggendorff [printed Roquendorf] whom Casanova had met at Vienna in 1753,
+wrote: "You tell me in one of your letters that, at your death, you will
+leave me, by your will, your Memoirs which occupy twelve volumes."
+
+At this time, Casanova was revising, or had completed his revision of,
+the twelve volumes. In July 1792, as mentioned above, Casanova wrote Opiz
+that he had arrived at the twelfth volume. In the Memoirs themselves we
+read, ". . . the various adventures which, at the age of seventy-two
+years, impel me to write these Memoirs . . .," written probably during a
+revision in 1797.
+
+At the beginning of one of the two chapters of the last volume, which
+were missing until discovered by Arthur Symons at Dux in 1899, we read:
+"When I left Venice in the year 1783, God ought to have sent me to Rome,
+or to Naples, or to Sicily, or to Parma, where my old age, according to
+all appearances, might have been happy. My genius, who is always right,
+led me to Paris, so that I might see my brother Francois, who had run
+into debt and who was just then going to the Temple. I do not care
+whether or not he owes me his regeneration, but I am glad to have
+effected it. If he had been grateful to me, I should have felt myself
+paid; it seems to me much better that he should carry the burden of his
+debt on his shoulders, which from time to time he ought to find heavy. He
+does not deserve a worse punishment. To-day, in the seventy-third year of
+my life, my only desire is to live in peace and to be far from any person
+who might imagine that he has rights over my moral liberty, for it is
+impossible that any kind of tyranny should not coincide with this
+imagination."
+
+Early in February, 1798, Casanova was taken sick with a very grave
+bladder trouble of which he died after suffering for three-and-a-half
+months. On the 16th February Zaguri wrote: "I note with the greatest
+sorrow the blow which has afflicted you." On the 31st March, after having
+consulted with a Prussian doctor, Zaguri sent a box of medicines and he
+wrote frequently until the end.
+
+On the 20th April Elisa von der Recke, whom Casanova had met, some years
+before, at the chateau of the Prince de Ligne at Teplitz, having returned
+to Teplitz, wrote: "Your letter, my friend, has deeply affected me.
+Although myself ill, the first fair day which permits me to go out will
+find me at your side." On the 27th, Elisa, still bedridden, wrote that
+the Count de Montboisier and his wife were looking forward to visiting
+Casanova. On the 6th May she wrote, regretting that she was unable to
+send some crawfish soup, but that the rivers were too high for the
+peasants to secure the crawfish. "The Montboisier family, Milady Clark,
+my children and myself have all made vows for your recovery." On the 8th,
+she sent bouillon and madeira.
+
+On the 4th June, 1798, Casanova died. His nephew, Carlo Angiolini was
+with him at the time. He was buried in the churchyard of Santa Barbara at
+Dux. The exact location of his grave is uncertain, but a tablet, placed
+against the outside wall of the church reads:
+
+                 JAKOB
+                CASANOVA
+            Venedig 1725   Dux 1798
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Spanish Passions: Old Age and Death
+by Jacques Casanova de Seingalt
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