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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/29664-8.txt b/29664-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..866336e --- /dev/null +++ b/29664-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3669 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 218, December 31, +1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 218, December 31, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: August 10, 2009 [EBook #29664] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 31, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{637} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 218.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 31. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + St. Stephen's Day and Riley's Hoveden, by J. S. Warden 637 + + The Holy Trinity Church, Hull, by R. W. Elliot 638 + + MINOR NOTES:--Italian-English--American Names-- + Rulers of the World in 1853--Revocation of the Edict of + Nantes 638 + + QUERIES:-- + + Derivation of Silo, by Augustus Strong 639 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Handwriting--Rev. Joshua Brooks--"New + Universal Magazine"--Francis Browne--Advent Hymn--Milton's + Correspondence--"Begging the Question"--Passage of Cicero 639 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Goldsmith's "Haunch of Venison" 640 + + REPLIES:-- + + School Libraries, by Weld Taylor, P. H. Fisher, &c. 640 + + Trench on Proverbs, by T. J. Buckton, &c. 641 + + Major André 643 + + Passage in Whiston 645 + + Helmets 645 + + Hampden's Death 646 + + Peter Allan, by Shirley Hibberd 647 + + "Could we with ink," &c., by the Rev. Moses Margoliouth, &c. 648 + + What Day is it at our Antipodes? 648 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Aceto-Nitrate of + Silver--On the Restoration of old Collodion 649 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Admissions to Inns of Court-- + Inedited Lyric by Felicia Hemans--Derivation of Britain-- + Derivation of the Word Celt--"Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira"-- + Cash--"Antiquitas Sæculi Junentus Mundi"--Caves at Settle, + Yorkshire--Character of the Song of the Nightingale-- + Inscriptions in Books--Door-head Inscription--Fogie--Sir W. + Hewet--Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge--The Crescent-- + Abigail--Handbook to the Library of the British Museum--The + Arms of Richard, King of the Romans--Greek and Roman + Fortifications--Osbernus filius Herfasti--Devonianisms--Gentile + Names of the Jews--Longevity--Reversible Names--Etymology of + Eve--Manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas--Binometrical + Verse--Gale of Rent 650 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c 655 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 656 + + Notices to Correspondents 656 + + Advertisements 657 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +ST. STEPHEN'S DAY AND RILEY'S HOVEDEN. + +In Roger de Hoveden's account of the accident which proved fatal to +Leopold, Duke of Austria, the jailer of Richard I. (Bohn's edit., vol. ii. +p. 345.), St. Stephen's Day, on which it occurred, is twice stated to be +_before_ Christmas Day, instead of after it. Is this an error of the +author, or of translator?[1] or are they right, and was St. Stephen's +martyrdom in those times commemorated on a different day from what it now +is? I cannot find, on reference to the authorities within my reach, that +this last was the case. Mr. Riley does not notice the discrepancy at all. + +In the translation of this Volume, a few errors have come under my +observation, to which I beg to call Mr. R.'s attention: 1. In his note on +Corumphira's prophecy, at p. 36., he seems to forget that the Mahometan +year differs from the Julian by eleven or twelve days, and that in +consequence A. D. 1186 does not correspond to A. H. 564; in fact, the old +astrologer is perfectly correct in his chronology, more so than in his +predictions, many of which were signally falsified in the course of the +next few years. 2. A mountain frequently mentioned by his author as +projecting into the sea at the boundary of Catalonia and Valencia, and +called "Muncian," he says in a note at p. 151. is "probably Montserrat," +which is far from either the sea or the frontier; the maps of Spain all +show, near the town of Vinaros on the east coast, a hill on the sea-shore +called "Monte Sia," which still, as then, forms the boundary in that +direction between the two provinces. 3. In his note at p. 156. on "Mount +Gebel," the translator says, "he (the author) probably means Stromboli;" +surely the name of Mongibello, and the mention of Catania a few lines +farther down should have shown him that Etna only could be meant, although +part of the mistake is due to Hoveden himself, who talks of it as a +separate island from Sicily. Mr. Riley's other geographical notes are +generally {638} correct, though a little more pains might have greatly +increased their number, to the elucidation of his author's account of the +Crusaders' proceedings in the East. 4. At p. 249. a well-known passage from +Horace is ascribed to Juvenal. + +J. S. WARDEN. + +[Footnote 1: The text in the _Scriptores post Bedam_ reads:--"Eodam anno +die S. Stephani protomartyris _infra_ natale Domini."] + + * * * * * + +THE HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, HULL. + +There is an error in the heading of one of the architectural notes appended +to the _Proceedings of the Arch. Inst._ held at York in 1846. From the +description which is given (p. 38.), it is plain that the above church is +the one to which the note refers; not that of St. Mary's, which is the +title of the article. + +The material of the whole church is not, also, "brick with stone +dressings," as the note informs us, only the chancel, south porch, and +south transept; all the rest is of stone, and in a very sad state of +repair. A few years ago, the south transept was restored; but the +ornamental part was worked in such bad stone, that the crockets of the +pinnacles have already begun to moulder away. It is a curious fact, that +Bishop Lyttleton, who visited Hull in 1756 for the express purpose of +"examining the walls of the town, and the materials of which the Holy +Trinity Church is constructed," should have stated in the _Archæologia_ +(vol. i. p. 146.) that there did not appear to be "_a single brick_ in or +about the whole fabric, except a few in the south porch, placed there of +late years." + +There is a matter of great archæological interest connected with the part +of the church which is built of brick; for, as there is reason to believe +that the chancel was raised in the year 1285, there is good foundation for +the supposition, that Hull was "the first town to restore in this country +the useful art of brickmaking" (Frost's _Hull_, p. 138.). The walls of the +town, which were erected by royal licence in 1322, and still standing with +their gates and towers in the time of Leland and Camden, are described by +them as being of brick. Leland also says (_Itin._, edit. Hearne, fol. 53.) +that the greater part of the "houses of the town at that tyme (Richard II.) +was made al of brike." + +R. W. ELLIOT. + +Clifton. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Italian-English_ (Vol. viii., p. 436.).--The following wholesale +assassination of the English language was perpetrated in the form of a +circular, and distributed among the British residents at Naples in 1832: + + "Joseph the Cook, he offer to one illuminated public and most + particular for British knowing men in general one remarkable, pretty, + famous, and splendid collection of old goods, all quite new, excavated + from private personal diggings. He sells cooked clays, old marble + stones, with basso-relievos, with stewing-pots, brass sacrificing pots, + and antik lamps. Here is a stocking of calves heads and feets for + single ladies and amateurs travelling. Also old coppers and + candlesticks; with Nola jugs, Etruscan saucers, and much more + intellectual minds articles; all entitling him to learned man's + inspection to examine him, and supply it with illustrious protection, + of which he hope full and valorous satisfaction. + + "N. B.--He make all the old thing brand new for gentlemans who has + collections, and wishes to change him. He have also one manner quite + original for make join two sides of different monies; producing one + medallion, all indeed unique, and advantage him to sell by exportation + for strange cabinets and museums of the exterior potentates." + +V. T. STERNBERG. + +_American Names._--In the Journal of Thomas Moore, lately published in Lord +John Russell's memoirs of the poet, is the following passage, under date of +October 18, 1818: + + "Some traveller in America mentions having met a man called Romulus + Riggs; whether true or not, very like their mixture of the classical + and the low." + +The name was borne by a very respectable man, who, in the year 1801, was in +partnership with his brother Remus Riggs, as a broker in Georgetown, in the +district of Columbia. Romulus, who survived his brother, afterwards became +an eminent merchant in Philadelphia, where he died a few years ago. + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + +_Rulers of the World in 1853._--Perhaps the following table, which I have +recently met with in a foreign journal, may be thought of sufficient +interest to make a Note of. In these unsettled times, and in case of a +general war, how much might it be changed! + +There are at present eighty-three empires, monarchies, republics, +principalities, duchies, and electorates. + +There are six emperors, including his sable highness, Faustin I. of St. +Domingo; sixteen kings, numbering among them Jamaco, King of all the +Mosquitoes, and also those of Dahomey and the Sandwich Islands; five +queens, including Ranavalona of Madagascar, and Pomare of the Society +Islands; eighteen presidents, ten reigning princes, seven grand dukes, ten +dukes, one pope, two sultans, of Borneo and Turkey; two governors, of Entre +Rios and Corrientes; one viceroy, of Egypt; one shah, of Persia; one imaun, +of Muscat; one ameer, of Cabul; one bey, of Tunis; and lastly; one +director, of Nicaragua. + +W. W. + +Malta. + +{639} + +_Revocation of the Edict of Nantes._--The immense loss sustained by France +in all her great interests, as affecting her civil and religious liberties, +her commerce, trade, arts, sciences, not to speak of the unutterable +anguish inflicted upon hundred of thousands of individuals (among whom were +the writer's maternal ancestors,--their name, Courage), by the revocation +of the Edict of Nantes, has lately called into action the pens of some +industrious and talented men of letters, among whom M. Weiss is one of the +most meritorious. His interesting work, I observe, is about to receive an +English dress. In the shape of a Note through your medium, in order that +the translator may avail himself of information which, possibly, may not +have reached him, it should be known that Mr. William Jones, one of the +highly respected and accomplished _employés_ of the British Museum, has +written a letter to the _Journal des Débats_ (inserted in its number of +Nov. 30, and signed with his name), containing farther information of a +painfully-absorbing nature, from documents in the Museum, respecting the +_dragonnades_, and the sufferings and persecutions of a French pastor. + +JOHN MACRAY. + +Oxford. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +DERIVATION OF SILO. + +Can you or any of your correspondents inform me what is the derivation of +the word _silo_? + +For many years after the colony of New South Wales was founded, it was +almost wholly dependent upon the mother country for such supplies of grain, +&c. as were necessary for the life and health of its inhabitants; and, +consequently, store ships were regularly despatched from our shores to +Sydney. + +It happened however that, in consequence of wrecks and other disasters, the +colonists were, on more than one occasion, reduced to the greatest +distress, and starvation almost began to stare them in the face. Under +these circumstances, one of the early governors of Sydney, to prevent the +recurrence of famine, gathered a large supply of corn and deposited it in +granaries which he had excavated out of the solid rock at the head of the +bay, near the mouth of the Paramatta River. These were termed _silos_ or +_siloes_: they were hermetically sealed up, and from time to time the old +corn was exchanged for new. + +The supply of corn in these remarkable storehouses is still kept up; nor as +late as the time of my departure from those colonies last year, did I hear +of any intention of discontinuing this old custom. + +Now the termination of this word in _o_ marks it as Spanish; and +accordingly, on reference to Baretti's dictionary of that language, I find +the word "SILO, a subterraneous granary." But, Sir, this discovery only +raises another question, and one which I wish much to see solved. A Spanish +substantive must be for the most part the name of something existing at +some time or other in Spain. + +_When_, therefore, did such granaries exist in Spain, _in what part_ of the +country, and _under what circumstances_? + +AUGUSTUS STRONG. + +Walcot Rectory, Bath. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Handwriting._--I should be much obliged if any of your correspondents +could inform me (and that soon) whether there be published, in English, +French, German, or Spanish (though it is most desired in English), a manual +giving a standard alphabet for the various kinds of writing now in use, +viz. English hand, engrossing, Italian, German text, &c., with directions +for teaching the same; in fact, a sort of writing-master's key: and if so, +what is its title, and where it can be procured. + +A friend believes to have seen such a work advertised in _The Athenæum_ +(probably three or four years ago), but has no recollection of the name. + +E. B. + +_Rev. Joshua Brooks_.--Can any of your numerous readers inform me as to the +early history of the late Rev. Joshua Brooks, who was for many years +chaplain of the Collegiate Church, Manchester, and who died in 1821? + +C. (1.) + +"_New Universal Magazine._"--I wish to know the time of the commencement +and termination of the _The New Universal Magazine, or Lady's Polite +Instructor_. + +A few volumes are in the British Museum. Vol. vi. is for July 1754 to +January 1755. + +D. + +_Francis Browne._--Anthony Browne, first Viscount Montague, married, +secondly, Magdalen, daughter of Lord Dacre of Gillesland, from whom +descended (amongst others) Sir Henry Browne of Kiddington. This Sir Henry +married twice: his second wife was Mary Anne, daughter of Sir P. Hungate; +by her he had issue Sir Peter Browne, who died of wounds at Naseby. Sir +Peter married Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Knollys, and had two sons, +Henry and _Francis_. Did this Francis Browne ever marry? and if so, whom, +and when, and where? + +NEWBURIENSIS. + +_Advent Hymn._--Why is this hymn not included amongst those at the end of +the Book of Common Prayer? + +Might it not be added to those already given for the other festivals of the +Church, &c.? It {640} would be an advantage in those churches where the +Prayer Book Psalms are used, and might avoid the necessity of having +separate Psalm and Hymn Books; a custom much to be objected to, differing +as they do in different churches, as well as preventing strangers from +taking part in them. + +WILLO. + +_Milton's Correspondence._--Has any English translation of Milton's _Latin +familiar Correspondence_ been published; and if so, when and by whom? + +CRANSTON. + +"_Begging the Question._"--Will any correspondent explain this phrase, and +give its origin? + +CARNATIC. + +_Passage of Cicero._--I lately met with a writer of some deep learning and +research, who, amongst other topics, entered into the subject of musical +inflection by orators, &c. Now, unfortunately, the title and preface of the +book is absent without leave, nor is there any heading to it, so I can do +no more than say, the author refers to a passage in these words: + + "Cicero declares that only three tones or variations of sound, or + interval, were used in speaking in his time; whereas now our preachers, + orators, and elocutionists take in a range of eight at least." + +Will some indulgent reader of "N. & Q." tell me where such a passage +occurs? + +SEMI-TONE. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Goldsmith's "Haunch of Venison._"--What is the name in this poem beginning +with H, which Goldsmith makes to rhyme with "beef?" The metre requires it +to be a monosyllable, but there is no name that I have ever heard of that +would answer in this place. Is the H a mistake for K, which would give a +well-known Irish name? + +J. S. WARDEN. + + [A variation in the Aldine edition gives the line-- + + "There's Coley and Williams, and Howard and Hiff." + + MR. BOLTON CORNEY, in his unrivalled edition of Goldsmith's _Poetical + Works_, 1846, has furnished the following note:--"_Howard_=H. Howard? + author of _The Choice Spirits Museum_, 1765; _Coley_=Colman, says + Horace Walpole; _H--rth_=Hogarth? a surgeon of Golden Square; + _Hiff_=Paul Hiffernan, M.D., author of _Dramatic Genius_, &c." Mr. + Peter Cunningham, in his forthcoming edition of _Goldsmith_, will + probably tell us more. + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +SCHOOL LIBRARIES. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 220. 395. 498.) + +When I mentioned the above subject in "N. & Q.," I admit that my meaning +may have taken too wide a signification. I, however, wrote advisedly, my +object being to draw the attention of those schools that were in fault, and +in the hope of benefiting those that desired to do more. I suppose I must +exonerate Tonbridge, therefore, from any aspersion; and as it appears they +are well provided, from Bacon and Newton to _Punch_ and the _Family +Friend_, I am at a loss to know how I can be of service. + +Of the defects in popular education I am as sensible as the rest of the +multitude appear to be, and my particular view of the case would, I fear, +be too lengthy a subject for these columns. It is quite clear, however, +that education is partial, and in some sort a monopoly; its valuable +branches being altogether out of the reach of more than half the +population, and the staple industry of the people not sufficiently +represented,--as, for instance, the steam-engine. In them there is not +sufficient concentration, if I may use the term, of instruction; and the +requirements of many arts and trades insufficiently carried out; the old +schools and old colleges much too classical and mathematical. If this +position is untrue, no popular scheme can be adopted at present; but it +appears more than probable that before long the subject will be brought +before the House of Commons, and education made accessible to all. As to +the money for the purpose, the country will never grudge that. The obstacle +appears to lie more in persuading the endless religious sects into which we +are divided to shake hands over the matter. + +At present my only desire is, that boys at public schools should have +plenty of books, being assured that reading while we are young leaves a +very strong and permanent impression, and cannot be estimated too highly; +besides which, if a youth has access to works suited to his natural bent, +he will unconsciously lay in a store of valuable information adapted to his +future career. + +WELD TAYLOR. + +When I was at the College school, Gloucester, in 1794, there was a +considerable library in a room adjoining the upper school. I never knew the +books used by the boys, though the room was unlocked: in fact, it was used +by the upper master as a place of chastisement; for there was kept the +block (as it was called) on which the unfortunate culprits were horsed and +whipped. The library, no doubt, contained many valuable and excellent +works; but the only book of which I know the name as having been in it (and +that {641} only by a report in the newspapers of the day) was Oldham's +_Poems_, which, after a fire which occurred in the school-room, was said to +have been the only book returned of the many which had been taken away. + +P. H. FISHER. + +Stroud. + +In Knight's _Life of Dean Colet_ (8vo., London, 1724), founder of St. +Paul's School, there is a catalogue of the books in the library of the +school at the date specified. The number of the volumes is added up at the +end of the catalogue, in MS., and the total amount is 663 volumes. The +latest purchases bear the date of 1723, and are:--Pierson (sic) _On the +Creed_, Greenwood's _English Grammar_, and Terentius _In usum Delphini_. +The books for the most part are of a highly valuable and standard +character. Does the library still exist? have many additions been made to +it up to the present time? and is there a printed catalogue of it? + +J. M. + +Oxford. + + * * * * * + +TRENCH ON PROVERBS. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 387. 519.) + +The error, which Luther was the first to fall into, in departing from the +anciently received version of Ps. cxxvii. 2., Mendelsohn adopted; but no +translator of eminence has followed these two Hebraists; although some +critics have been carried away by their authority to the proper Jewish +notion of "gain," and not sleep, being the subject. Luther's version--"Denn +seinen Freunden gibt er _es_ schlafend"--was certainly before the revisers +of our authorised version of James I.; but was rejected, I consider, as +ungrammatical and false: _ungrammatical_, because the transitive verb +"give" (_gibt_) has no accusative noun; and _false_, because he supplies, +without authority, the place of the missing noun by the pronoun "it" +(_es_), there being no antecedent to which this _it_ refers. Mendelsohn +omits the _it_ in his Hebrew comment, supplied however unauthorisedly by +MR. MARGOLIOUTH in his translation of such comment. But Mendelsohn +introduces the "_es_" (it), in his German version (Berlin, 1788, dedicated +to Ramler), without however any authority from the Hebrew original of this +Psalm. He is therefore at variance with himself. And, farther, he has +omitted altogether the important word [Hebrew: KEIN] (_so_ or _thus_), +rendered "_denn_" (for) by Luther. + +As to the "unintelligible authorised version," I must premise that no +version has yet had so large an amount of learning bestowed on it as the +English one; indeed it has fairly beaten out of the field all the versions +of all other sections of Christians. The difficulty of the English version +arises from its close adherence to the oriental letter; but if we put the +scope of this Psalm into the vernacular, such difficulty is eliminated. + +Solomon says, in this Psalm: "Without Jehovah's support, my house will +fall: if He keep this city, the watch, with its early-risings, +late-resting, and ill-feeding, is useless: _thus He_ (by so keeping or +watching the city himself) _gives sleep to him whom He loves_." The +remainder of the Psalm refers to the increase of population as Jehovah's +gift, wherein Solomon considers the strength of the city to consist. The +words in Italics correspond precisely in sense with those of the authorised +version--"_For_ so He giveth His beloved sleep;" and the latter is +supported fully by all the ancient versions, and, as far as I can at +present ascertain, by all the best modern ones. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +What is there _unintelligible_ in the authorised translation of Psalm +cxxvii. 2., "He giveth His beloved sleep?" It is a literal translation of +three very plain words, of the simplest grammatical construction, made in +accordance with all the ancient versions. A difficulty there does indeed +exist in the passage, viz. in the commencing word [Hebrew: KN]; but this +word, though capable of many _intelligible_ meanings, does not enter into +the present question. Since the great majority of critics have been +contented to see no objection to the received translations, it is perfectly +allowable to maintain that the proposed rendering makes, instead of +removing, a difficulty, and obscures a passage which, as generally +understood, is sufficiently lucid. Hengstenberg's difficulty is, that the +subject is not about the _sleep_, but the _gain_. But is not sleep a gain? +Can we forget the [Greek: hupnou dôron] of Homer? that is, sufficient, +undisturbed sleep, rest. Hengstenberg's remark, that all, even the beloved, +must labour, is a mere truism. The Psalmist evidently opposes excessive and +over-anxious labours, interfering with natural rest, to ordinary labour +accompanied with refreshing sleep. The object of his censure is precisely +the [Greek: merimna] which forms the subject of our Lord's warning; who +censures not due care and providence, but over-anxiety. Burkius rightly +remarks, that [Hebrew: SHN'] is antithetical to _surgere, sedere, dolorum_. +Hammond observes, with far more clearness and good sense than Hengstenberg, + + "For as to the former of these, wicked men that incessantly moil, and + cark, and drudge for the acquiring of it, and never enjoy any of the + comforts of this life, through the vehement pursuit of riches, are + generally frustrated and disappointed in their aims: whereas, on the + contrary, those who have God's blessing thrive insensibly, become very + prosperous, _and yet never lose any sleep in the pursuit of it_." + +Bishop Horne agrees; his remarks having evident reference to Hammond's. So +Bishop {642} Horsley, more briefly, but with his usual force: "You take all +this trouble for your security in vain, whilst He gives His beloved sleep." +Dr. French and Mr. Skinner adhere to the same sense in their translation, +and pertinently refer to Psalms iii. and iv., in which the Psalmist, though +beset by enemies, lies down and takes his rest, defended by God his Keeper. +So far, indeed, from seeing anything unintelligible, I see no obscurity, +either of expression or connexion, in this view, but very great obscurity +in the double ellipsis now proposed. In the received translation we have a +transitive verb, and a noun, obviously its accusative, according to the +natural sequence and simple construction of the Hebrew language. In the +proposed rendering we must understand an accusative case after _giveth_ +(i.e. _bread_, as Rosenmüller and others observe), and a particle before +_sleep_. The transitive verb has no subject; the noun nothing to govern it. +We must guess at both. + +As for the alleged instances of ellipses, I maintain they are not +analogous. I cannot call to mind any which are; and if any of your +correspondents would show some they would do good service. Hengstenberg's +examples of [Hebrew: TSRB], [Hebrew: BQR], &c. are surely not in point. We +have a similar ellipsis, often used in idiomatic English, _morning_, +_noon_, and _night_; but who would say _sleep_, instead of _in sleep_, or +_while asleep_? The ellipses in the Psalms, in the Songs of Degrees +themselves, are very numerous, but they are of a different nature; and +neither the position nor the nature of the word [Hebrew: SHN'] warrants +that now defended, as far I can remember. + +May I remark, by the way, that the Psalm falls rather into three strophes +than into two. The first speaks of the raising up of the house, and of the +city (an aggregation of houses), protected by the Almighty. The last is in +parallelism to the first, though, as often happens, expanded; and speaks of +the raising up of the family, and of the family arrived at maturity, the +defenders of the city, through the same protecting Providence. The central +portion is the main and cardinal sentiment, viz. the vanity of mere human +labour, and the peace of those who are beloved of God. + +JOHN JEBB. + +There is a proverb which foretells peril to such as interpose in the +quarrels of others. But as neither Mr. Trench, nor E. M. B., nor MR. +MARGOLIOUTH, have as yet betrayed any disposition to quarrel about the +question in dispute, a looker-on need not be afraid of interposing. + +The Query, about the solution of which they differ, is the proper mode of +rendering the last clause of v. 2. Ps. cxxvii. In our Liturgy and Bible it +is rendered, "_For_ so He giveth His beloved sleep;" of which E. M. B. +says, "It seems to me to be correct;" though he justly observes that "He +will give" would be more close. Mr. Trench appears to have rendered it, "He +giveth His beloved _in their_ sleep." MR. MARGOLIOUTH says "the words +should be, He will give to His beloved _whilst he_ [the beloved] _is_ +asleep." In each case the Italics, as usual, designate words not existing +in the Hebrew text. + +When expositors would get through a difficult passage, their readers have, +not unfrequently, the vexation of finding that a word of some importance +has been ignored. Such has been the case here with the little word [Hebrew: +KN], which introduces the clause. Its ordinary meaning is _so_; and the +office of the word _so_, in such a position, is to lead the remind to +revert to what has been previously said, as necessary to the proper +application of what follows. Now, the Psalmist's theme was the vanity of +all care and labour, unless the Lord both provide for and watch over His +people; _for_ so He will give His beloved sleep--that happy, confiding +repose which the solicitude of the worldly cannot procure. This is, surely, +intelligible enough and even if [Hebrew: KN] may be translated _for_ (which +Noldius, in his _Concordantia Particularum_, affirms that it here may, +adducing however but one dubious instance of its being so used elsewhere, +viz. Jeremiah xiv. 10.), or if the various reading, [Hebrew: KY], be +accepted, which would mean _for_, our version of the clause will be quite +compatible with either alteration. + +In this concentrated proposition are contained, the mode of giving, _so_; +the character of the recipient, _his beloved_; and we reasonably expect to +be next told what the Lord will give, and the text accordingly proceeds to +say, _sleep_. Whereas, if either Mr. Trench's or MR. MARGOLIOUTH's version +of the clause could properly be accepted, the gift would remain entirely +unmentioned; after attention had been called to the giver, to his mode of +giving, and to the recipient who might expect his bounty. But whilst Mr. +Trench is constrained to interpolate _in their_, apparently unconscious +that the Hebrew requires _beloved_ to be in the singular number, MR. +MARGOLIOUTH translates [Hebrew: SHN'] as if it were a participle, which +Luther seems also to have heedlessly done. Yet unless [Hebrew: SHN'] be a +noun, derived with a little irregularity from [Hebrew: YSHN], _he slept_, +it has nothing to do with sleep. It cannot be the participle of [Hebrew: +YSHN], for that verb has a participle in the usual form, not wanting the +initial [Hebrew: Y], which occurs in several places in the Old Testament, +and is used by Mendelsohn in the very sentence MR. MARGOLIOUTH has quoted +from that Jewish expositor. The critic who will not acknowledge [Hebrew: +SHN'] to be a noun in this clause, is therefore tied up to translating it +as either the participle or the preterite of [Hebrew: SHN'], _to change_, +or _to repeal_, and would thus make the clause really unintelligible. + +HENRY WALTER. + +{643} + +N. B. inquires, whether the translation of Psalm cxxvii. 2. adopted by Mr. +Trench has the sanction of any version but that of Luther. I beg leave to +inform him that the passage was translated in the same manner by Coverdale: +"For look, to whom it pleaseth Him He giveth it in sleep." De Wette also, +in modern times, has "Giebt er seinen Geliebten im Schlafe." + +Vatablus, in his Annotations, approves of such a rendering: "Dabit in somno +dilectis suis." It has also been suggested in the notes of several modern +critics. + +Not one of the ancient versions sanctions this translation. + +The sense of the passage will be much the same whichever of these +translations be adopted. But the common rendering appears to me to +harmonise best with the preceding portion of it. + +S. D. + + * * * * * + +MAJOR ANDRÉ. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 174. 604.) + +The following extracts and cuttings from newspapers, relative to the +unfortunate Major André, may interest your correspondent SERVIENS. I +believe I have some others, which I will send when I can lay my hand upon +them. I inclose a pencil copy of the scarce print of a sketch from a +pen-and-ink drawing, made by André himself on Oct. 1, 1780, of his crossing +the river when he was taken: + + "_Visit to the Grave of André._--We stopped at Piermont, on the widest + part of Tappan Bay, where the Hudson extends itself to the width of + three miles. On the opposite side, in full view from the hotel, is + Tarrytown, where poor André was captured. Tradition says that a very + large white-wood tree, under which he was taken, was struck by + lightning on the very day that news of André's death was received at + Tarrytown. As I sat gazing on the opposite woods, dark in the shadows + of moonlight, I thought upon how very slight a circumstance often + depends the fate of individuals and the destiny of nations. In the + autumn of 1780, a farmer chanced to be making cider at a mill on the + east bank of the Hudson, near that part of Haverstraw Bay called + 'Mother's Lap.' Two young men, carrying muskets, as usual in those + troubled times, stopped for a draught of sweet cider, and seated + themselves on a log to wait for it. The farmer found them looking very + intently on some distant object, and inquired what they saw. 'Hush, + hush!' they replied; 'the red coats are yonder, just within the Lap,' + pointing to an English gun-boat, with twenty-four men, lying on their + oars. Behind the shelter of a rock, they fired into the boat, and + killed two persons. The British returned a random shot; but ignorant of + the number of their opponents, and seeing that it was useless to waste + ammunition on a hidden foe, they returned whence they came with all + possible speed. This boat had been sent to convey Major André to the + British sloop-of-war Vulture, then lying at anchor off Teller's Point. + Shortly after André arrived, and finding the boat gone, he, in + attempting to pass through the interior, was captured. Had not those + men stopped to drink sweet cider, it is probable that André would not + have been hung; the American revolution might have terminated in quite + a different fashion; men now deified as heroes might have been handed + down to posterity as traitors; our citizens might be proud of claiming + descent from Tories, and slavery have been abolished eight years ago, + by virtue of our being British Colonies. So much may depend on a + draught of cider! But would England herself have abolished slavery had + it not been for the impulse given to free principles by the American + revolution? Probably not. It is not easy to calculate the consequences + involved even in a draught of cider, for no fact stands alone; each has + infinite relations. A very pleasant ride at sunset brought us to Orange + Town, to the lone field where Major André was executed. It is planted + with potatoes, but the plough spares the spot on which was once his + gallows and his grave. A rude heap of stones, with the remains of a + dead fir tree in the midst, are all that mark it; but tree and stones + are covered with names. It is on an eminence commanding a view of the + country for miles. I gazed on the surrounding woods, and remembered + that on this selfsame spot, the beautiful and accomplished young man + walked back and forth, a few minutes preceding his execution, taking an + earnest farewell look of earth and sky. My heart was sad within me. Our + guide pointed to a house in full view, at half a mile's distance, which + he told us was at that time the head-quarters of General Washington. I + turned my back suddenly upon it. The last place on earth where I would + wish to think of Washington is at the grave of André. I know that + military men not only sanction but applaud the deed; and, reasoning + according to the maxims of war, I am well aware how much can be said in + his defence. That Washington considered it a duty, the discharge of + which was most painful to him, I doubt not. But, thank God, the + instincts of any childhood are unvitiated by any such maxims. From the + first hour I read of the deed, until the present day, I never did, and + never could, look upon it as otherwise than cool, deliberate murder. + That the theory and practice of war commends the transaction, only + serves to prove the infernal nature of war itself.... A few years ago, + the Duke of York requested the British Consul to send the remains of + Major André to England. At that time two thriving firs were found near + the grave, and a peach-tree; which a lady in the neighbourhood had + planted there, in the kindness of her heart. The farmers who came to + witness the interesting ceremony generally evinced the most respectful + tenderness for the memory of the unfortunate dead, and many of the + children wept. A few idlers, educated by militia trainings and Fourth + of July declaration, began to murmur that the memory of General + Washington was insulted by any respect shown to the remains of André; + but the offer of a treat lured them to the tavern, where they soon + became too drunk to guard the character of Washington. It was a + beautiful day, and these disturbing spirits being removed, the + impressive ceremony proceeded in solemn silence. {644} The coffin was + in good preservation, and contained all the bones, with a small + quantity of dust. The roots of the peach-tree had entirely interwoven + the skull with their fine network. His hair, so much praised for its + uncommon beauty, was tied, on the day of his execution, according to + the fashion of the times. When his grave was opened, half a century + afterwards, the riband was found in perfect preservation, and sent to + his sister in England. When it was known that the sarcophagus + containing his remains had arrived in New York, for London, many ladies + sent garlands and emblematic devices, to be wreathed around it, in + memory of the 'beloved and lamented André.' In their compassionate + hearts, the teachings of nature were unperverted by maxims of war, or + that selfish jealousy which dignifies itself with the name of + patriotism. Blessed be God, that custom forbids women to electioneer or + fight. May the sentiment remain till war and politics have passed away! + Had not women and children been kept free from their polluting + influence, the medium of communication between earth and heaven would + have been completely cut off. At the foot of the eminence where the + gallows had been erected, we found an old Dutch farm-house, occupied by + a man who witnessed the execution, and whose father often sold peaches + to the unhappy prisoner. He confirmed the account of André's uncommon + personal beauty, and had a vivid remembrance of the pale but calm + heroism with which he met his untimely death."--From Miss Child's + _Letters from New York_. + + "_André._--At the little town of Tappan, the unfortunate Major André, + condemned by the council of war as a spy, was executed and buried. His + remains were disinterred a few years ago, by order of the English + Government, carried to England, and, if I mistake not, deposited in + Westminster Abbey; whilst the remains of General Frazer, who fell like + a hero, at the head of the King's troops, lie without a monument in the + old redoubt near Still Water. The tree that grew over André's grave was + likewise sent to England; and, as I was told, planted in the King's + Garden, behind Carlton Palace."--Duke of Weimar's _Travels_. + + "_Disinterment of Major André_.--This event took place at Tappan on + Friday, 10th inst., at one p. m., amidst a considerable concourse of + ladies and gentlemen that assembled to witness this interesting + ceremony. The British Consul, with several gentlemen, accompanied by + the proprietor of the ground and his labourers, commenced their + operations at eleven o'clock, by removing the heap of loose stones that + surrounded and partly covered the grave. Great caution was observed in + taking up a small peach-tree that was growing out of the grave, as the + Consul stated his intention of sending it to his Majesty, to be placed + in one of the Royal Gardens. Considerable anxiety was felt lest the + coffin could not be found, as various rumours existed of its having + been removed many years ago. However, when at the depth of three feet, + the labourers came to it. The lid was broken in the centre, and had + partly fallen in, but was kept up by resting on the skull. The lid + being raised, the skeleton of the brave André appeared entire; bone to + bone, each in its place, without a vestige of any other part of his + remains, save some of his hair, which appeared in small tufts; and the + only part of his dress was the leather string which tied it. + + "As soon as the curiosity of the spectators was gratified, a large + circle was formed; when Mr. Eggleso, the undertaker, with his + assistants, uncovered the sarcophagus, into which the remains were + carefully removed. This superb depository, in imitation of those used + in Europe for the remains of the illustrious dead, was made by Mr. + Eggleso, of Broadway, of mahogany; the pannels covered with rich + crimson velvet, surrounded by a gold bordering; the rings of deep + burnished gold; the pannel also crimson velvet, edged with gold; the + inside lined with black velvet; the whole supported by four gilt balls. + + "The sarcophagus, with the remains, has been removed on board his + Majesty's packet; where, it is understood, as soon as some repairs on + board are completed, an opportunity will be afforded of viewing + it."--From the _New York Evening Post_ of Aug. 11. + + "The remains of the lamented Major André have (as our readers already + know) been lately removed from the spot where they were originally + interred in the year 1780, at Tappan, New York, and brought to England + in the Phæton frigate by order of his Royal Highness the Duke of York. + Yesterday the sarcophagus was deposited in front of the cenotaph in + Westminster Abbey, which was erected by his late Majesty to the memory + of this gallant officer. The reinterment took place in the most private + manner, the Dean of Westminster superintending in person, Major-Gen. + Sir Herbert Taylor attending on the part of his Royal Highness the + Commander-in-Chief and Mr. Locker, Secretary to Greenwich Hospital, on + behalf of the three surviving sisters of the deceased."--From newspaper + of which the name and date have not been preserved. + +G. C. + +With many thanks for the obliging replies to my Query for information +concerning this gentleman, I would desire to repeat it in a more specific +form. Can none of your readers inform me whether there do not remain +papers, &c. of or concerning Major André, which might without impropriety +be at this late day given to the world; and if so, by what means access +could be had thereto? Are there none such in the British Museum, or in the +State Paper Offices? My name and address are placed with the Editor of this +journal, at the service of any correspondent who may prefer to communicate +with me privately. + +SERVIENS. + +Major André occupied Dr. Franklin's house when the British army was in +Philadelphia in 1777 and 1778. When it evacuated the city, André carried +off with him a portrait of the Doctor, which has never been heard of since. +The British officers amused themselves with amateur theatricals at the +South Street Theatre in Southwark, then the only one in Philadelphia, +theatres being prohibited in the city. The tradition here is, that André +painted the scenes. They were {645} destroyed with the theatre by fire +about thirty-two years ago. + +M. E. + +Philadelphia. + + * * * * * + +PASSAGE IN WHISTON. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 244. 397.) + +The book for which J.T. inquires is: + + "The Important Doctrines of Original Sin, Justification by Faith and + Regeneration, clearly stated from Scripture and Reason, and vindicated + from the Doctrines of the Methodists; with Remarks on Mr. Law's late + Tract on New Birth. By _Thomas_ Whiston, A.B. Printed for John Whiston, + at the Boyle's Head, Fleet Street. Pp. 70." + +I do not know who the author was. Perhaps a son of the celebrated _William_ +Whiston, six of whose works are advertised on the back of the title-page; +and whose _Memoirs_, Lond. 1749, are "sold by Mr. Whiston in Fleet Street." +If the passage cited by J. T. is all that Taylor says of Thomas Whiston, it +conveys an erroneous notion of his pamphlet, which from pp. 49. to 70. is +occupied by the question of regeneration. I think his doctrine may be +shortly stated thus: Regeneration accompanies the baptism of adults, and +follows that of infants. In the latter case, the time is uncertain; but the +fact is ascertainable by the recipients becoming spiritually minded. + +Afterwards he says: + + "I cannot dismiss this subject without observing _another sense of + regeneration_ in the Gospel. However, _this makes no alteration in the + doctrine I have before established_; because, with us, regeneration and + new birth are terms that bear the same exact meaning. What I before + delivered of the spiritual new birth or regeneration is strictly true, + though the word regeneration _is sometimes used in another sense_. It + is not to be there understood of a spiritual or figurative birth, but + of a literal and actual revival of the body from corruption. But _this + is not that new birth we have before inquired after_, but only the + assured and certain consequence of our preserving ourselves to the end + in that spiritual state or birth we have entered into in this world. + That I do not represent the sense of the word regeneration unfairly, + may be gathered from Matt. xix. 28., rightly pointed and distinguished: + + "'And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, that ye which have + followed me (in the _regeneration_, when the Son of Man shall sit upon + the throne of his glory), ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, + judging the twelve tribes of Israel.' Here regeneration _is not to be + understood in the same sense as the new birth or regeneration mentioned + by our Saviour_ (John iii.), from whence the new birth is to be derived + and stated; but, as I before observed, must be referred to a literal + restoration to life, _i. e_. either to the general resurrection, or + rather to the Millennium, when Christ is to reign upon earth over the + Saints for a thousand years, after the dissolution of the present form + of it. I make no doubt that this latter opinion is the genuine sense of + the text I have quoted from St. Matthew; and consequently, that + regeneration, _in this passage_, is to be applied to the first + resurrection of the dead, or to the supposed Millennium."--Pp. 67, 68. + +The above will show that Thomas Whiston did not "_maintain_ that +regeneration is a literal and physical being born again," in the sense +which the passage quoted by J. T. conveys. I have not seen Taylor's work +with the date 1746. As the name is common, and the pamphlets and sermons of +that time on original sin are innumerable, many Taylors may have written +besides the one mentioned by [Greek: Halieus]. J. T.'s Taylor cannot be +excused even on the ground of having read only a part of the book he +misrepresented: for he refers to p. 68., from which he must have seen that +Thomas Whiston there explained only an isolated passage. + +H. B. C. + +Garrick Club. + + * * * * * + +HELMETS. + +(Vol. viii., p. 538.) + +The following observations upon the helmet, by Stephen Martin Leake, Esq., +Garter, may be acceptable to your querist S. N. + + "The helmet, called _galea_ by the Greeks, _cassis_ by the Romans, is + called _helm_ (which signifies the head) by the Germans; whence the + French _heaume_, and our _helmet_. It is of great account with the + Germans: the helm and crest deriving their use from tournaments, whence + arms took their origin; and this being with them the most essential + mark of noblesse, neither the Germans nor French allow a new made + gentleman to bear a helmet, but only a wreath of his colours; and when + he is a gentleman of three descents, to bear a helmet with three barrs + for his three descents (Menestrier, _Abrégé méthodique des Armoiries_, + 1672, p. 28.; _Origine des Ornemens des Armoiries_, p. 2.). _Tymbre_ is + the general word used for the casque or helm by the French. Menestrier, + in his _Origine des Ornemens des Armoiries_, p. 13., says the modern + heralds observe three things with regard to the _tymbre_: the matter, + the form, and the situation. That kings should have their helmets of + gold open, and in full front; princes and lords of silver, and somewhat + turned with a certain number of barrs, according to their degree; + gentlemen to have their helmets of steel, and in profile. Colombiere + assigns a knight a helmet bordered with silver, barons with gold, + counts and viscounts the like, and the barrs gold; marquisses the helm + same, and damasked with gold; dukes and princes the gold helmet, + damasked. And as to the barrs, new gentlemen without any; gentlemen of + three descents, three barrs; knights and ancient gentlemen, five; + barons seven; counts and viscounts nine; marquisses eleven. But Moreau, + who first propagated these inventions (_Origine des Ornemens des + Armoiries_, p. 17.), assigns to an emperor or king eleven, a prince or + duke nine, a marquis and count seven, a baron five: whence it seems + there is no {646} certain rule or uniform practice observed herein, + unless in the situation of the helmet, wherein both the Germans and + French account it more noble to bear an open helmet than a close one; + but these are novel distinctions. Anciently, the helmets were all + turned to the right, and close; and it is but some years since, says + Menestrier (_Abrégé Méthodique_, 1672, p. 28.), that they began to + observe the number of grilles or barrs, to distinguish the different + degrees. But however ingenious these inventions are, it is certain that + they are useless (as gold and silver helmets would be) because every + rank of nobility is distinguished by the coronet proper to his degree. + Whatever honour may be attributed to the helmet, the use of it with the + arms is but modern; and upon the coins of kings and sovereign princes, + where they are chiefly to be met with, the helmets are barred, and + either full or in profile, as best suited the occasion; and upon the + Garter plates of Christian Duke of Brunswick (1625), Gustavus Adolphus + King of Sweden (1628), and Charles Count Palatine of the Rhine (1633 + and 1680), they are full fronted with seven barrs. + + "In Great Britain we have but four kinds of helmets, according to the + four different degrees in the state--the king, the nobility, knights, + and gentry. The sovereign helmet full fronted, having seven barrs or + guards, visure without any bever; the nobilities the same, but half + turned to the right, and usually showing four barrs; the knight's + helmet full fronted, with the bever turned up; and the gentleman's in + profile, the bever or visor close; using steel helmets for all as the + only proper metal for a helmet common to all. Foreigners condemn us for + attributing that helmet to a knight, which they give to a king; and + more proper, says Mackensie, for a king without guard-visure than for a + knight (_Science of Heraldry_, p. 87.), because knights are in danger, + and have less need to command. But it must be observed, the knight's + helmet has a visor, and no barrs; the sovereign's barrs, because no + visor. And this kind of helmet, with barrs instead of a visor, seems to + have been contrived for princes and great commanders, who would have + been incommoded by the visor, and too much exposed without anything, + therefore had barrs: whereas knights being, according to Mackensie, in + more danger and having less need to command, had their helmet for + action; and are represented with the bever up, ready to receive the + king or general's command. As to the resemblance of the one to the + other, both being in full front, the connexion was not anciently so + remote as seems at this day. Knighthood is the first and most ancient + military honour, and therefore at this day sovereign princes and + knights are the only two honours universally acknowledged. Knighthood + is the source of all honours, and of all military glory, and an honour + esteemed by and conferred upon kings; without which they were + heretofore thought incomplete, and could not confer that honour on + others, no more than ordination could be conferred by one unordained: + so that there was a very near connexion between sovereignty and + knighthood. And besides, the propriety of the open helmet with a visor + for a knight, and the helmet guard-visure for a king, the latter is + more ornamental, especially if, according to the modern practice, the + barrs are gold. As the king's helmet is without a visor, and barred, so + is that of the nobility in imitation of it, but turned to the right as + a proper distinction as, in like manner, that of the gentry differs + from the knights. As there are in fact but two orders of men, nobility + of which the king is the first degree, and gentry of which knights are + the first, so they are by this means sufficiently distinguished + according to their respective orders and degrees: the first order + distinguished by the barred helmet, the gentry by the visored helmet + with proper differences of the second degrees of each class from the + first; and all other distinctions more than this are unnecessary and + useless. + + "The helmet does not seem to have been formerly used but in a military + way, and affairs of chivalry. I do not find any helmets upon the + monuments of our Kings of England, nor upon other ancient monuments, + nor upon any of the Great Seals, coins, or medals. Upon the plates of + the Knights of the Garter at Windsor, all degrees used the old profile + close helmet till about 1588, some few excepted; and soon after, the + helmet with barrs came into fashion, and was used for all degrees of + nobility, and it has continued ever since; and the same has been used + for all degrees of nobility upon the plates of the Knights of the Bath, + those that are knights only using a knight's helmet. And the same may + be observed in Sir Edward Walker's _Books of the Nobility from the + Restoration to the Revolution_, wherein all degrees have the helmet + turned towards the right, showing four barrs; the sovereign's being + full with seven barrs." + +G. + + * * * * * + +HAMPDEN'S DEATH. + +(Vol. viii., p. 495.) + +"On the 21st of July, 1828, the corpse of John Hampden was disinterred by +the late Lord Nugent for the purpose of settling the disputed point of +history as to the manner in which the patriot received his death-wound. The +examination seems to have been conducted after a somewhat bungling fashion +for a scientific object, and the facts disclosed were these: 'On lifting up +the right arm we found that it was dispossessed of its hand. We might +therefore naturally conjecture that it had been amputated, as the bone +presented a perfectly flat appearance, as if sawn off by some sharp +instrument. On searching under the cloths, to our no small astonishment we +found the hand, or rather a number of small bones, inclosed in a separate +cloth. For about six inches up the arm the flesh had wasted away, being +evidently smaller than the lower part of the left arm, to which the hand +was very firmly united, and which presented no symptoms of decay further +than the two bones of the forefinger loose. Even the nails remained entire, +of which we saw no appearance in the cloth containing the remains of the +right hand.... The clavicle of the right shoulder was firmly united to the +scapula, nor did there appear any contusion or indentation that evinced +symptoms of any wound ever having been inflicted. The left shoulder, on the +contrary, was smaller and sunken in, as if the clavicle had been displaced. +To {647} remove all doubts, it was adjudged necessary to remove the arms, +which were amputated with a penknife (!). The socket of the left (_sic_) +arm was perfectly white and healthy, and the clavicle firmly united to the +scapula, nor was there the least appearance of contusion or wound. The +socket of the right (_sic_) shoulder, on the contrary, was of a brownish +cast, and the clavicle being found quite loose and disunited from the +scapula, proved that dislocation had taken place. The bones, however, were +quite perfect.' These appearances indicated that injuries had been received +both in the hand and shoulder, the former justifying the belief in Sir +Robert Pye's statement to the Harleys, that the pistol which had been +presented to him by Sir Robert, his son-in-law, had burst and shattered his +hand in a terrible manner at the action of Chalgrave Field; the latter +indicating that he had either been wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball, +or had received an injury there by falling from his horse after his hand +was shattered. Of these wounds he died three or four days after, according +to Sir Philip Warwick. According to Clarendon, 'three weeks after being +shot into the shoulder with a brace of bullets, which broke the bone.' The +bone, however, was not found broken, and the 'brace of bullets' is equally +imaginary." + +This account is from a newspaper cutting of _The News_, August 3, 1828. + +W. S. + +Northiam. + + * * * * * + +PETER ALLAN. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 539. 630.) + +Peter Allan deserves more than a brief notice. His history is so full of +romance, the relics of his name and fame are so many, and he is withal so +little known, that I presume I may on this occasion trespass on more than +the ordinary space allotted to a "minor," but which should be a "major" +Query. + +Peter Allan was born at Selkirk (?) in the year 1798. His parents were +peasants, and Peter in early life became valet to Mr. Williamson, brother +of Sir Hedworth Williamson. He afterwards became gamekeeper to the Marquis +of Londonderry, and in that capacity acquired a reputation as an unerring +shot, and a man of unusual physical strength and courage. He afterwards +married, and became a publican at Whitburn, and in the course of few years +purchased a little property, and occupied himself in the superintendence of +dock works and stone quarries. In this latter capacity he acquired the +skill in quarrying, on which his fame chiefly rests. Having a turn for a +romantic life, he conceived the strange project of founding a colony at +Marsden, a wild, rocky bay below the mouth of the Tyne, five miles from +Sunderland, and three from South Shields. The spot chosen by Peter as his +future home had been colonised some years before by one "Jack the Blaster," +who had performed a series of excavations, and amongst them a huge round +perforation from the high land above to the beach below, through which it +is said many a cargo has passed ashore without being entered in the books +of the excise. Here the cliff is formed of hard magnesian limestone, and +rises perpendicularly from the beach more than a hundred feet. When Peter +set to work, the only habitable portions were two wild caves opening to the +sea, into which at high tide the breakers tumbled, and where during rough +weather it was impossible to continue with safety. On the face of the rock +Peter built a homestead of timber, and set up farm and tavern. In the rock +itself he excavated fifteen rooms, to each of which he gave an appropriate +name; the most interesting are the "Gaol Room," the "Devil's Chamber," the +"Circular Room," the "Dining Room," and the "Ball Room." The height of the +entire excavation is twenty feet, its breadth thirty, and its length, from +the ball room to the cottage, one hundred and twenty. Several parts of the +cave are lighted by windows hewn in the face of the rock, and these give +the cave a picturesque appearance as viewed frown the beach below. In +addition to these labours, Peter took possession of a huge table-rock, +which stands some distance from the cliffs opposite to the grotto. By dint +of extraordinary exertions he excavated a passage from the land side of +this rock through its substance to the surface, and by placing scaling +ladders against its face, made provision for ascent and descent at high +water. The three-quarters of an acre of surface he colonised with rabbits, +and built a shanty for himself and companions, where they dwelt for some +time thinning the wild fowl with their deadly shots, and raising many an +echo with their shouts of revelry. + +To describe the strange scene presented by the grotto itself, the +farm-buildings on the face of the cliff, the huge table-rock and flagstaff, +the many quaint blocks, pillars and wild escarpments, and the numerous +domestic animals, such as mastiffs, pigs, ravens, and goats, all +congregated together in a small bay, and literally separated from the world +by the barren waste land above, and the huge cliffs and restless sea below, +would be beyond the scope of "N. & Q.," though it is worth a note in +passing, that for the tourist a visit to Marsden would be highly +remunerative. + +Peter Allan endured many hardships in his cave at Marsden. He was accused +of smuggling, and annoyed by the excise. He and his family were once shut +in for six weeks by the snow, during the whole of which time it was +impossible for any human being to approach them. Yet in spite of many +hardships, Peter reared in the grotto a family of eight children, three +daughters and five sons, all of whom are living and prospering in the +world. The grotto is still kept by his widow, his {648} eldest son William, +and one daughter, assisting Mrs. Allan in the management The son William is +an experienced blaster, and occupies himself in excavations and +improvements; the daughter, a brunette, is a first-rate shot, and a girl of +extraordinary spirit and gaiety. She is the Grace Darling of the +neighbourhood, and both her and her mother have saved many lives by their +dexterity in boating and extraordinary courage. Peter himself was a bold, +determined, and honest man, fond of a joke, and passionately devoted to +bees, birds, pigs, and dogs, many of whom (pigs especially) used to follow +him to Shields and Sunderland, when he went thither. After twenty-two +years' possession of the caverns, the proprietor of the adjoining land +served him with a process of ejectment; Peter refused to leave the +habitation which he had formed by twenty years' unremitting toil, and which +he had actually won from the sea, without encroachment on an inch of the +mainland. After a tedious law-suit, judgment was given in his favour, but +he had to pay costs. The anxieties of this lawsuit broke his heart, and he +never recovered either health or spirits. He died on the 31st of August, +1849, in the 51st year of his age, leaving his wife and eight children to +lament him. He was buried in Whitburn churchyard, and over his grave was +placed a stone with the inscription: + + "The Lord is my rock and my salvation." + +Numerous memorials of Peter exist at the grotto, and in the neighbourhood +of Marsden. Particulars of these and other matters touching this romantic +history, may be obtained in No. 2. of _Summer Excursions to the North_, +published by Ward, of Newcastle; and in a paper entitled _A Visit to +Marsden Rocks_, contributed by myself to the _Peoples Illustrated Journal_, +No. XIV. + +SHIRLEY HIBBERD. + + * * * * * + +"COULD WE WITH INK," ETC. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 127. 180. 422.) + +I think that your well-read correspondent J. W. THOMAS will agree with me +that the _bonâ fide_ authorship of the beautiful lines alluded to must be +ascertained, not by a single expression, but by the whole of the charming +poem. The striking expression of Mohammed, quoted by J. W. THOMAS, is quite +common amongst the Easterns even at the present day. I remember, when at +Malta, in March, 1848, whilst walking in company of the most accomplished +Arabian of the day, the conversation turned upon a certain individual who +had since acquired a most unenviable notoriety in the annals of British +jurisprudence, my companion abruptly turned upon me, whilst at the shore of +the Mediterranean, and said, in his fascinating Arabic, "Behold this great +sea! were all its water turned into ink, it would be insufficient to +describe the villany of the individual you speak of." + +Rabbi Mayir ben Isaac's poem corresponds not merely in a single expression, +but in every one. The Chaldee hymn has the ink and ocean, parchment and +heavens, stalks and quills, mankind and scribes, &c. Pray do me the favour +to insert the original lines. I assure you that they are well worthy of a +place in "N. & Q." Here they are: + + [Hebrew: GBWRAN `ALMIYN LEIYH WLA' SIPEIQ PRIYSHWTA':] + [Hebrew: GWIYL 'ILW RQIY`EIY QNY KAL CHWRSHATA':] + [Hebrew: DYWO 'ILW YAMEIY WKAL MEIY KNIYSHWTA':] + [Hebrew: DAYREIY 'AR`A' SAPREIY WRASHMEIY RASHWATA':] + + + +MOSES MARGOLIOUTH. + +Wybunbury. + +In the _Des Knaben Wunderhorn_ there is something of the same idea, though +not quite to the same purpose: + + "Und wenn der Himmel papyrige wär, + Und e jede Sterne Schryber wär, + Und jedere Schryber hat siebesiebe Hand, + Ei schriebe doch alli mir Liebi Kesend! + Dursli und Babeli." + +G. H. R. + + * * * * * + +WHAT DAY IS IT AT OUR ANTIPODES? + +(Vol. viii., p. 102.) + +This question was asked by H., and at p. 479. an answer to it was +undertaken by ESTE. But, probably from over-anxiety to be very brief, ESTE +was betrayed into a most strange and unaccountable misstatement, which +ought to be set right before the conclusion of the volume; since, if +correctness be generally desirable in all communications to "N. & Q.," it +is absolutely indispensable in professed answers to required information. +ESTE says: + + "A person sailing to our Antipodes westward will lose twelve hours; by + sailing thither eastward he will gain twelve hours." + +This is quite correct. But if one person lose twelve, and another gain +twelve, the manifest difference between them is twenty-four; and yet ESTE +goes on to say: + + "If both meet together at the same hour, say eleven o'clock, the one + will reckon 11 A.M., the other 11 P.M." + +This is the misstatement. No two persons, by any correct system of +reckoning, could arrive at a result which would imply a physical +impossibility; and it is needless to say that the concurrence of A.M. and +P.M. at the same time and place would come under that designation. What +ESTE should have said is, that both persons meeting {649} together on the +same day, if it be reckoned Monday by the one, it will be reckoned Tuesday +by the other. They may differ as to Monday or Tuesday, but they cannot +rationally differ as to whether it is day or night. + +It may be added that, no matter where these two persons might meet, whether +at the Antipodes or at any other place, still, upon comparing their +journals, there would always appear a day's difference between them; and if +they were to keep continually sailing on, one always towards the west, and +the other always towards the east, every time they might meet or cross each +other, they would increase the difference between them by an additional +day. + +Whence it follows, that if two ships were to leave England on the same day, +one sailing east by the Cape of Good Hope, and the other west by Cape Horn, +returning home respectively by the opposite capes; and if both were to +arrive again in England at the same time, there would be found in the +reckoning of the eastern vessel two entire days more than in that of the +western vessel. Nor would this difference be merely theoretic or imaginary; +on the contrary, it would be a real and substantial gain on the part of the +eastern vessel: her crew would have consumed two whole rations of +breakfast, dinner, and supper, and swallowed two days' allowance of grog +more than the other crew; and they would have enjoyed two nights more +sleep. + +But all this is not an answer to H's question; what he wants to know is +whether the day at the Antipodes is twelve hours in advance or in arrear of +our day and, whichever it is, why is it? + +But here H. is not sufficiently explicit. His question relates to a +practical fact, and therefore he should have been more particular in +designating the exact habitable place to which it referred. Our Antipodes, +strictly speaking, or rather the antipodal point to Greenwich Observatory, +is 180° of east (or west) longitude, and 51° 28' &c. of south latitude. But +this is not the only point that differs by exactly twelve hours in time +from Greenwich; all places lying beneath the meridian of 180°, "our +Periæci" as well as "our Antipodes," are similarly affected, and to them +the same question would be applicable. H. is right, however, in assuming +that, with respect to that meridian, the decision must be purely arbitrary. +It is as though two men were to keep moving round a circle in the same +direction, with the same speed, and at diametrically opposite points; it +must be an arbitrary decision which would pronounce that either was in +advance, or in arrear, of the other. + +Regarding, then, the meridian of 180° as the neutral point, the most +rational system, so far as British settlements are concerned, is to reckon +longitude both ways, from 0° to 180°, east and west from Greenwich; and to +regard all west longitude as in arrear of British time, and all east +longitude as in advance of it. And this is the method practised by modern +navigators. + +It is not, however, in obedience to any preconceived system, but by pure +accident, that our settlements in Australia and New Zealand happen to be in +accordance with this rule. The last-named country is very close upon the +verge of eastern longitude, but still it is within it, and its day is +rightly in advance of our day. But the first settlers to Botany Bay, in +1788, were actually under orders to go out by Cape Horn, and were only +forced by stress of weather to adopt the opposite course by the Cape of +Good Hope. Had they kept to their prescribed route, there cannot be a doubt +that the day of the week and month in Australia would now be a day later +than it is. + +The best proof of the truth of this assertion is, that a few years +afterwards a missionary expedition was sent out to Otaheite, with respect +to which a precisely similar accident occurred; they could not weather Cape +Horn, and were forced to go round, some twice the distance out of their +way, by the Cape of Good Hope; consequently they carried with them what may +be called the eastern day, and since then that is the day observed at +Otaheite, although fully two hours within the western limit of longitude. + +From this cause an actual practical anomaly has recently arisen. The French +authorities in Tahiti, in accordance with the before-mentioned rule, have +arranged their day by _western longitude_; consequently, in addition to +other points of dissent, they observe the Sabbath and other festivals one +day later than the resident English missionaries. + +I have extended this explanation to a greater length than I intended, but +the subject is interesting, and not generally well understood; to do it +justice, therefore, is not compatible with brevity. Much of what I have +said is doubtless already known to your readers; nevertheless I hope it may +be useful in affording to H. the information he required, and to ESTE more +fixed notions on the subject than he seems to have entertained when he +wrote the answer referred to. + +A. E. B. + +Leeds. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Aceto-Nitrate of Silver._--I have collected together several ounces of +aceto-nitrate of silver that has been used to excite waxed paper (iodized +by MR. CROOKES' method), and should be glad to know whether it can be used +again for the same purpose. + +JOHN LEACHMAN. + + [The aceto-nitrate _may_ be used, but in our own practice we do not do + so. It is apt to give an unpleasant brownish colour. The solutions of + silver, {650} whether used for albumenising or otherwise, being reduced + to a state of chloride by the addition of common salt so long as any + precipitate is formed: fine silver may then be readily obtained by + heating a crucible, the chloride consisting of three-fourths of pure + metal. It is a false economy to use dirty or doubtful solutions, and by + adopting the above course the pecuniary loss is very trifling. Our + ordinary stoves will not always give a sufficient heat, but any working + jeweller or chemist having the ordinary furnace would accomplish it.] + +_On the Restoration of old Collodion._--Many plans have been suggested for +the restoration of collodion when it has lost its sensitiveness by age. In +the last Number of the _Photographic Journal_, p. 147., MR. CROOKES +proposes "to remove the free iodine from the collodion by means of a piece +of pure silver. For two ounces of liquid I should recommend a sheet of +stout silver foil, about two inches long and half an inch broad. It will +require to remain in contact with the collodion for about two days, or even +longer if the latter be very dark-coloured; and in this case it will +sometimes be found advantageous to clean the surface of the silver, as it +becomes protected with a coating of iodide, by means of cyanide of +potassium or hyposulphite of soda. + +"When thus renovated, the collodion will be found as sensitive and good as +it was originally." + +This plan is certainly more simple than any that has yet been recommended. +The action of the silver being its mere combination with the free iodine, +thereby producing the reduction of the collodion to its original colourless +condition, I would venture to put this question to MR. CROOKES (to whom the +readers of "N. & Q." are already under great obligations): Does he consider +that it is the mere presence of free iodine which causes the want of +sensitiveness in the collodion? This is all which appears to be +accomplished by the process which Mr. Crookes recommends. + +Now, as one who has had some experience, both in the manufacture and uses +of collodion, such a view does not agree with my practice and observation. +Occasionally, upon sensitising collodion, I have found it assume a deep +sherry colour a few hours after being made. This must have depended upon +the free iodide it contained, and yet such collodion has worked most +admirably. I have now before me a large body of collodion almost red, and +which has been made some three or four months; yet the last time I used +this, about a week since, it was just as good as when it was first made. +Undoubtedly collodion does more or less deteriorate with age; but here I +would observe, that there is an immense difference in the different +manufactures of collodion, and which can be ascertained by use only, and +not by appearance. + +But Mr. Hennah, who has had much practical experience, recommends the +collodion to be made sensitive merely by the iodide of potassium; and he +said, "if it did not work quite clearly and well, a little tincture of +iodine brought it right." Here, then, is added the very thing which MR. +CROOKES proposes to abstract. + +Again, MR. CROOKES considers the free iodine to be the cause of the +colouring of the collodion; will he then kindly explain its _modus +operandi_? + +As he has on several occasions given your readers the benefit of his great +chemical knowledge, I trust they may be favoured by him with a solution of +these difficulties, which have puzzled + +AN AMATEUR. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Admissions to Inns of Court_ (Vol. viii., p. 540.).--The following +particulars may be of service to your correspondent who requires +information upon the subject of the matriculations at the inns of court. + +The books of Lincoln's Inn, which record the calls to the bar and other +proceedings of the Society, commence in the second year of the reign of +Henry VI., 1423. Those of the Inner Temple, which contain the admittances +in 1547, and the calls to the bar in 1590; of the Middle Temple, which +contain a regular series of admissions and calls, about the year 1600; and +of Gray's Inn, about the year 1650. The earlier records of Gray's Inn were +destroyed by fire, but the Harleian MS. No. 1912., in the British Museum, +contains: + +An alphabetical list of gentlemen admitted to that society, with the dates +of their admission, from 1521 to 1674. + +Table of the admittances into Gray's Inn, declaring the names of the +gentlemen, the town and country whence they came, and the day, month, and +year when admitted, from the year 1626 to 1677. + +Arms and names of noblemen and knights admitted to the said society. + +An alphabetical list of all persons called to the bar by the said society. + +The Lansdowne MS. No. 106., which is also in the British Museum, contains: + +Names of benchers, associates, utter barristers, &c. of Lincoln's Inn, and +the same of the Inner Temple; and of the students of the several Inns of +Court, apparently about the end of the reign of Elizabeth. + +JAS. WHISHAW. + +Gower Street. + +The MS. Harl. 1912. contains the admissions to Gray's Inn. + +G. STEINMAN STEINMAN. + +_Inedited Lyric by Felicia Hemans_ (Vol. viii., p. 629.)--A surviving +relative of the authoress in question begs to answer to the correspondent +of "N. & Q." who has produced this lyric from an imperfect MS. original, +that the piece has not remained inedited, but is to be found in the several +complete editions of Mrs. Hemans's works published by Blackwood. The +playful signature of the letter alluded to, as well as the subject of the +lyric, it may be added, was suggested by some conversation respecting the +fanciful creatures of {651} fairy-land, with whose ideal queen the +authoress affected sportively to identify herself, and hence signed the +little poem, produced rather as a _jeu d'esprit_ than anything else, "Mab." +In its subsequently corrected form, as admitted in the editions of her +works, it is here subjoined: + + _Water Lilies: A Fairy Song._ + + "Come away, Elves! while the dew is sweet, + Come to the dingles where fairies meet; + Know that the lilies have spread their bells + O'er all the pools in our forest dells; + Stilly and lightly their vases rest + On the quivering sleep of the water's breast, + Catching the sunshine through the leaves that throw + To their scented bosoms an emerald glow; + And a star from the depths of each pearly cup, + A golden star, unto heav'n looks up, + As if seeking its kindred where bright they lie, + Set in the blue of the summer sky. + Come away, under arching boughs we'll float, + Making those urns each a fairy boat; + We'll row them with reeds o'er the fountains free, + And a tall flag-leaf shall our streamer be. + And we'll send out wild music so sweet and low, + It shall seem from the bright flower's heart to flow; + As if 'twere a breeze with a flute's low sigh, + Or water-drops train'd into melody, + Come away! for the midsummer sun grows strong, + And the life of the lily may not be long." + +ANON. + +_Derivation of Britain_ (Vol. viii., p. 344.).--Since my last reference to +this matter (Vol. viii., p. 445.) I find that the derivation of the name of +_Britain_ from _Barat-anach_ or _Brat-anach_, a land of tin, originated in +conjecture with Bochart, an oriental scholar and French protestant divine +in the first half of the seventeenth century. It certainly is a very +remarkable circumstance that the conjecture of a Frenchman as to the origin +of the name of _Britain_ should have been so curiously confirmed, as has +been shown by DR. HINCKS, through an Assyrian medium. + +G. W. + +Stansted, Montfichet. + +_Derivation of the Word Celt_ (Vol. viii., p. 271.).--If C. R. M. has +access to a copy of the Latin Vulgate, he will find the word which our +translators have rendered "an iron pen," in the book of Job, chap. xix. v. +24., there translated _Celte_. Not having the book in my possession, I will +not pretend to give the verse as a quotation.[2] + +T. B. B. H. + +[Footnote 2: 24. Stylo ferreo, et plumbi laminâ, vel _celte_ sculpantur in +silice?] + +"_Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira_" (Vol. viii., p. 539.).--I happen +to have by me a transcript of the record in which this word occurs; and it +is followed immediately by another almost equally astounding, which +F. J. G. should, I think, have asked one of your correspondents to +translate while about the other. The following is the word: +_Arademaravasadeloovaradooyou_. They both appear to be names of estates. + +H. M. + +Peckham. + +_Cash_ (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524.).--In _The Adventures of the Gooroo +Paramartan_, a tale in the Tamul language, accompanied by a translation and +a vocabulary, &c., by Benjamin Babington London, 1822, is the following: +"Fanam or casoo is unnecessary, I give it to you gratis." To which the +translator subjoins: "The latter word is usually pronounced _cash_ by +Europeans, but the Tamul orthography is used in the text, that the reader +may not take it for an English word." + + "Christmas-boxes are said to be an ancient custom here, and I would + almost fancy that our name of box for this particular kind of present, + the derivation of which is not very easy to trace in the European + languages, is a corruption of buckshish, a gift or gratuity, in + Turkish, Persian, and Hindoostanee. There have been undoubtedly more + words brought into our language from the East than I used to suspect. + _Cash_, which here means small money, is one of these; but of the + process of such transplantation I can form no conjecture."--Heber's + _Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India_. vol. i. + p. 52. + +Angelo, in his _Gazophylaceum Linguæ Persarum_, gives a Persian word of the +same signification and sound, as Italicè _cassa_, Latinè _capsa_, Gallicè +_caisse_. + +BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. + +"_Antiquitas Sæculi Juventus Mundi_" (Vol. viii., p. 502., &c.).--The +authority of Fuller ought, I think, to be sufficient to establish that this +saying was Bacon's own and not a quotation. + +Fuller thus introduces it: "As _one_ excellently observes, 'Antiquitas +sæculi juventus mundi,'" &c., giving the remainder of the paragraph from +the _Advancement of Learning_; and refers in a note to Sir Frances Bacon's +_Advancement of Learning_ (_Holy and Profane State_, ch. vi.). + +E. S. T. T. + +_Caves at Settle, Yorkshire_ (Vol. viii., p. 412.).--BRIGANTIA will find a +very circumstantial and interesting account of these caves, and their +Romano-British contents, in vol. i. of Mr. Roach Smith's _Collectanea_. + +G. J. DE WILDE. + +_Character of the Song of the Nightingale_ (Vol. vii., p. 397.; Vol. viii., +pp. 112. 475.).--One poet, not so well known as he deserves, has escaped +the observation of those who have contributed to your valuable pages the +one hundred and seventy-five epithets which others of his craft have +applied to the "Midnight Minstrel." I allude to the Rev. F. W. Faber, in +his poem of the _Cherwell Water Lily_. This poem his now become scarce, so +I send you the lines to which I refer, as the "summary of epithets" which +they contain, as {652} well as their intrinsic beauty, render them worthy +of notice: + + "I heard the raptured nightingale, + Tell from yon elmy grove, his tale + Of jealousy and love, + In thronging notes that seem'd to fall, + As faultless and as musical, + As angels' strains above. + So sweet, they cast on all things round, + A spell of melody profound: + They charm'd the river in his flowing, + They stay'd the night-wind in its blowing, + They lull'd the lily to her rest, + Upon the Cherwell's heaving breast." + +To those interested in this subject, so full of historical and classical, +as well as poetical associations, I would mention that a late Master of +Caius College, Cambridge, the Rev. Dr. Davy, printed some years since, for +private circulation, a small pamphlet entitled _Observations on Mr. Fox's +Letter to Mr. Grey_, in which he refutes that eminent statesman's theory of +the _merry_ note of the nightingale. This pamphlet is so full of elegance +and classical research, that it is much to be regretted, not only that it +has never been published, but that it is the _only work_ of the learned +author--the friend and associate of Porson, of Parr, and of Maltby. I +possess a presentation copy, which, as only a very few copies were printed, +I would gladly lend to any of your readers interested in this curious and +long-pending controversy. + +NORRIS DECK. + +Cambridge. + +Add to the already long list, this from Spenser: + + "That blessed bird, that spends her time of sleep + In songs and plaintive pleas, the more t'augment + The memory of his misdeed that bred her woe." + +And this exquisite little song, written by I know not whom, but set to +music by Thomas Bateson in 1604: + + "The Nightingale, as soon as April bringeth + Unto her rested sense a perfect waking, + While late bare earth proud of her clothing springeth, + Sings out her woes, a thorn her song-book making; + And mournfully bewailing, + Her throat in tunes expresseth, + While grief her heart oppresseth, + For Tereus' force o'er her chaste will prevailing." + +H. GARDINER. + +_Inscriptions in Books_ (Vol. viii., p. 64. &c.).--John Bostock, sometime +Abbat of St. Alban's, gave some valuable books to the library of Gloucester +Hall, Oxford, with these lines in the commencement: + + "Quem si quis rapiat raptìm, titulumve retractet, + Vel Judæ laqueum, vel furcas sentiat. Amen." + +ANON. + +_Door-head Inscription_ (Vol. viii., p. 454.).--A friend has kindly sent me +an improved version of the inscription over the gate of the Apostolical +Chancery, which, with his permission, I beg to forward to you:-- + + "Fide Deo, dic sæpe preces, peccare caveto, + Sis humilis, pacem dilige, magna fuge, + Multa audi, dic pauca, tace abdita, scito minori + Parcere, majori cedere, ferre parem, + Propria fac, persolve fidem, sis æquus egenis, + Parta tuere, pati disce, memento mori." + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +_Fogie_ (Vol. viii., pp. 154. 256.).--In the citadel of Plymouth, some +twenty or twenty-five years since, there was a band of old soldiers +(principally men of small stature) who went by this name. They were said to +be the only men acquainted with all the windings and outlets of the +subterranean passages of this fortification. + +The cognomen "old fogie" is in this neighbourhood frequently applied to old +men remarkable for shrewdness, cunning, quaintness, or eccentricity. This +use of the term is evidently figurative, borrowed from its application to +veteran soldiers. Cannot some of the military correspondents of "N. & Q." +give the origin of the word? + +ISAIAH W. N. KEYS. + +Plymouth. + +_Sir W. Hewet_ (Vol. viii., p. 270.).--MR. GRIFFITH will find in Thoresby's +_Ducatus Leodinensis_, p. 2. (Whittaker's edit.), a pedigree of the family +of Osborne, which gives two generations previous to Edward Osborne, who +married Ann Hewet, namely,-- + +Richard Osborne, who married Elizabeth, daughter of ---- Fyldene, by whom +he had Richard, who married Jane, daughter of John Broughton of Broughton, +Esq., and sister and heir to Edward and Lancelyn Broughton. + +Sir Edward Osborne, Knight, Citizen, and Lord Mayor of London (1582), who +died in 1591, married Ann, daughter and sole heir of Sir William Hewet, +Lord Mayor of London, 1559, by whom he had Sir Hewet Osborne, born 1567, +died 1614. Sir Edward had a second wife, Margaret, daughter of ----, who +died in 1602. + +There is a note at the bottom of the page, quoted from a MS. in the College +of Arms, E 1. fol. 190., "That this descent was registered the 30th March, +1568, when Hewet Osborne was the age of one year and ... days." + +EDWARD PEACOCK. + +Bottesford Moors, Kirton in Lindsey. + +_Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge_ (Vol. viii., pp. 37. 83. 277. 329.).--The +difference between the fusil and the lozenge is well known to all heralds, +though coach-painters and silversmiths do not {653} always sufficiently +describe it. If BROCTUNA, however, be a _practical_ herald, he must often +have experienced the difficulty of placing impalements or quarterings +correctly, even on a lozenge. On the long and narrow fusil it would be +impossible. When the fusil, instead of being a mere heraldic bearing, has +to be used as the shape of a shield for the actual use of the painter or +engraver, it must of necessity be widened into the lozenge; and as the +latter is probably only the same distaff with little more wool upon it, +there seems no objection to the arrangement. BROCTUNA is too good an +antiquary not to know on recollection that the "vyings of widows" had +little to do with funeral arrangements in those days. Procrustes, the +herald, came down at all great funerals, and regulated everything with just +so much pomp, and no more, as the precise rank of the deceased entitled him +to. + +P. P. had not the smallest intention of giving BROCTUNA offence by pointing +out what seems a fatal objection to his theory. + + + +Hugh Clark, a well-known modern writer upon Heraldry, gives the following +definition of the word lozenge: + + "Lozenge, a four-cornered figure, resembling a pane of glass in old + casements: some suppose it a physical composition given for colds, and + was invented to reward eminent physicians." + +Plutarch says, in the _Life of Theseus_, that at Megara, an ancient town of +Greece, the tombstones, under which the bodies of the Amazons lay, were +shaped after that form, which some conjecture to be the cause why ladies +have their arms on lozenges. + +RUBY. + +_The Crescent_ (Vol. viii., p. 319.).--Be so good as to insert in "N. & +Q.," for the information of J. W. THOMAS, that the Iceni (a people of +England, whose territory consisted of the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, +Essex, &c.) struck coins both in gold and silver; having on their reverses +crescents placed back to back generally, except where a rude profile is on +a few of them. + +Two of the gold coins have fallen into my possession; one of which, found +at Oxnead in this county, I supplied to the British Museum some years +since. Twelve of the silver coins are figured on a plate in Part LVII. of +the _Numismatic Chronicle_. MR. THOMAS observing (at p. 321.) he has no +work on numismatics, induces me to make this communication to him through +your very useful and instructive publication. + +GODDARD JOHNSON. + +Norfolk. + +_Abigail_ (Vol. iv., p. 424. Vol. v., pp. 38. 94. 450.).--The inquiry +suggested in the first of the above references, "Whence, or when, +originated the application of Abigail, as applied to a lady's maid?" has +not yet, to my mind, been satisfactorily answered. It occurs to me that it +may have been derived from the notorious Abigail Hill, better known as Mrs. +Masham, a poor relative of Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, and by her +introduced to a subordinate place about the person of Queen Anne. She +rapidly acquired sufficient influence to supplant her benefactress. The +intrigues of the Tory party received sufficient furtherance from this +bedchamber official to effect ultimately the downfall of the Whig ministry; +and the use of the term by Dean Swift, of which your original Querist MR. +WARDEN speaks, would suffice to give currency and to associate the name of +so famous an _intriguante_ with the office which she filled. It must be +matter of opinion whether the Dean (as MR. W. thinks) employed the term as +_not new in those_ days, or as one which had _taken_ so rapidly in the +current conversation of the day, as to require but his putting it in print +to establish it in its new sense so long as the language shall be spoken or +written. + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +_Handbook to the Library of the British Museum_ (Vol. viii., p. +511.).--Neither Lord Seymour, nor MR. BOLTON CORNEY, nor Mr. Richard Sims, +can with justice claim originality in the suggestion carried out by the +latter gentleman in the publication of his _Handbook to the Library of the +British Museum_. + +In my own collection is a book entitled,-- + + "A Critical and Historical Account of all the celebrated Libraries in + Foreign Countries, as well ancient as modern, with general Reflections + on the choice of Books," &c.... "A work of great use to all men of + letters. By a Gentleman of the Temple. London, printed for J. Jolliffe, + in St James's Street, MDCCXXXIX." + +In the preface to which work the author says: + + "It will be highly useful to such noblemen and gentlemen as visit + foreign countries, _by instructing them in the manner of perusing + whatever is curious in the Vatican and other famous libraries_." + +And in which he promises that-- + + "If it should meet with the approbation of the public, he (the author) + will proceed with the _libraries of these kingdoms_," &c. + +F. SEYMOUR HADEN. + +Chelsea. + +_The Arms of Richard, King of the Romans_ (Vol. viii., pp. 265. 454.). With +every respect for such heraldic authorities as MR. GOUGH and MR. LOVER, I +think the question as to whether the so-called bezants in the arms of +Richard, King of the Romans, referred to his earldom of Poictou or of +Cornwall, inclines in favour of the former: for instance, in 1253 he +granted to the {654} monks of Okebury a release of suit and service within +his manor of Wallingford, which charter has a seal appended bearing an +impress of the earl armed on horseback, with a _lion rampant crowned_ on +his surcoat, inscribed "Sigillum Richardi Comitis Cornubiæ." Now this +inscription seems to identify the lion as pertaining to the earldom of +Cornwall; surely, if the bezants represented this earldom, they would not +have been omitted on his seal as _Comes Cornubiæ_. + +Again, a very high heraldic authority, one of deep research, Mr. J. R. +Planché, gives this opinion on the subject: + + "The border bezantée, or talentée, of Richard, King of the Romans, is + no representation of coins but of peas (_poix_), being the arms of + Poitiers or Poictou (Menestrier, _Orig._, p. 147.), of which he was + earl, and not of his other earldom of Cornwall, as imagined by Sandford + and others. The adoption of bezants as the arms of Cornwall, and by so + many Cornish families on that account, are all subsequent assumptions + derived from the arms of Earl Richard aforesaid, the peas having been + promoted into bezants by being gilt, and become identified with the + Cornish escutcheon as the garbs of Blundeville are with that of + Chester, or the coat of Cantelupe with that of the see of + Hereford."--_The Pursuivant at Arms_, p. 136. + +A simple Query then would seem to settle this matter. Is any instance known +of bezants occurring as the arms of Cornell previous to the time of Earl +Richard, or earlier than the commencement of the thirteenth century? + +NORRIS DECK. + +Cambridge. + +_Greek and Roman Fortifications_ (Vol. viii., p. 469.).--J. H. J. will find +some information on this subject in Fosbroke's _Grecian and Roman +Antiquities_ (Longman, 1833). + +JOHN SCRIBE. + +_Osbernus filius Herfasti_ (Vol. viii., p. 515.).--In reply to the Query of +MR. SANSOM, "Whether Osborn de Crespon, the brother of the Duchess of +Normandy, had a brother of the same name?" I beg to reply that there +appears to be distinct evidence that he had; for in a grant of lands by +Richard II., Duke of Normandy, who died in 1026, to the monks of St. +Michael, there are, along with the signatures of his son Richard and +several other witnesses, those of _Osbernus frater Comitissæ_, and +_Osbernus filius Arfast_ (_Lobineau_, tom. ii. p. 97.). One of those may +probably have become Abbot of S. Evroult. No doubt MR. SANSOM is well aware +that one of the same family was Osborn, Bishop of Exeter. He was a son of +Osborn de Crespon, and brother of the Earl of Hereford, premier peer of +England. In 1066 he forbad the monks to be buried in the cloisters of their +monasteries; but they resisted his injunction, and, on an appeal to the +Pope, obtained a decision against him (_Mabillon_). For an eulogium on him +see Godwin, _De presul. Angl_. He died in 1104, and was buried in the +cathedral at Exeter. + +I would observe that the ancient orthography of the name is Osbern, which +was continued for many centuries, and may even now be seen in Maidwell +Church, Northamptonshire, on the monument of Lady Gorges, the daughter of +Sir John Osbern, who died in 1633. + +OMICRON. + +I think there can be little doubt that Herfastus "the Dane" was the father +of Gunnora, wife of Rich. I., Duke of Normandy; of Aveline, wife of +Osbernus de Bolebec, Lord of Bolbec and Count of Longueville; and of Weira, +wife of Turolf de Pont Audomere. The brother of these three sisters was +another Herfastus, Abbot of St. Evrau; who was the father of Osbernus de +Crepon, Steward of the Household, and Sewer to the Conqueror. + +H. C. C. + +_Devonianisms_ (Vol. viii., p. 65.).--Your correspondent MR. KEYS is at a +loss for the origin of the word _plum_, as used in Devonshire. Surely it is +the same word as _plump_, although employed in a somewhat different sense. +_Plum_ or _plump_, as applied to a bed, would certainly convey the idea of +softness or downiness. As to the employment of the word as a verb, I +conceive that it is analogous to an expression which I have often heard +used by cooks, in speaking of meat or poultry, "to plump up." A cook will +say of a fowl which appears deficient in flesh, "It is a young bird; it +will plump up when it comes to the fire." A native of Devonshire would +simply say, "It will plum." + +As to the word _clunk_, it is in use throughout Cornwall in the sense of +"to swallow," and is undoubtedly Celtic. On referring to Le Gonidec's +_Dictionnaire Celto-Breton_, I find "_Lonka_, or _Lounka_, v.a. _avaler_." + +I have neither a Welsh dictionary nor one of the ancient Cornish language +at hand, but I have no doubt that the same word, with the same +signification, will be found in both those dialects of the Celtic, probably +with some difference of spelling, which would bring it nearer to the word +_clunk_. + +It is not wonderful that a word, the sound of which is so expressive of the +action, should have continued in use among an illiterate peasantry long +after the language from which it is derived was forgotten; but many pure +Celtic words, which have not this recommendation, are still in common use +in Cornwall, and a collection of them would be highly interesting. Could +not some of your antiquarian correspondents in the west, MR. BOASE of +Penzance for example, furnish such a list? I will mention one or two words +which I chance to remember: _mabyer_, a chicken, Breton _mab_, a son, +_iar_, a hen; _vean_, little, Breton _vihan_. {655} + +To persons acquainted with the Welsh or Breton, the names of places in +Cornwall, though sometimes strangely corrupted, are almost all significant. +The dialect of Celtic spoken in Cornwall appears to have approached more +closely to the latter than to the former of these tongues; or perhaps, +speaking more correctly, it formed a connecting link between them, as +Cornwall itself lies about midway between Wales and Brittany. + +EDGAR MACCULLOCH. + +Guernsey. + +_Gentile Names of the Jews_ (Vol. viii., p. 563.).--The names of +Rothschild, Montefiore, and Davis are family names, and not _noms de +guerre_. + +It is possible that the honoured names of Rothschild and Montefiore date +from a purchase by some one of their ancestry of _Gentile castles or +lands_, and with it the purchase right of name. + +Davis is legitimately Jewish, but probably the Gentile name of Davis cannot +boast of its pure source, and no doubt where Gentile pedigree loses trace, +Jewish descent commences, either by a left-handed Jew connexion with a +Gentile fair one, or a renegade ancestry. + +ISRAEL BEN ISAAC. + +Red Lion Square. + +_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 113.).--On October 15, Judy, a slave, died on +the plantation of Edmund B. Richardson, in Bladen county, North Carolina, +aged 110 years. She was one of eight slaves who nearly sixty years ago were +the first settlers on the plantation, where she died. Of the seven others, +one died over 90 years of age, another 93, and a third 81; two are living, +one 75 and the other over 60 years of age. + +Within five miles of the place where Judy died, William Pridgen lived, who +died about five years ago, aged 122 years. + +David Kennison, a soldier of the Revolution, died near Albany (N. Y.) on +the 24th of February, 1852, aged 117 years. + +M. E. + +Philadelphia. + +_Reversible Names_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--Emme might have been added to +your correspondent's list, a female name which, when first known in +England, was spelt as above written, and not Emma, as at the present time. +In an old book I have seen the name and its meaning thus recorded,--in +English, _Emme_; in French, _Emme, bonne nourrice_. + +I must beg to differ in opinion from your correspondent, even with his +epicene restriction, who states "that _varium et mutabile semper femina_ +only means that whatever reads backwards and forwards, the same is _always +feminine_." + +If M. will take the trouble to look in Boyle's _Court Guide_ for 1845, p. +358., he will find the name of a late very distinguished general officer, +Sir Burges Camac. A wealthy branch of this family is now established in the +United States, and one of its members bears the name of Camac Camac. + +I am unable to give M. another instance, and doubt if one can be easily +found where the Christian and surnames of a gentleman are alike, and both +reversible. + +W. W. + +Malta. + +_Etymology of Eve_.--Only one instance of a reversible name seems to me at +present among the _propria quæ maribus_, and that is Bob. As, however, the +name of our universal mother has been brought forward, you will, perhaps, +allow me to transcribe the following remarkable etymology: + + "Omnes nascimur ejulantes, ut nostram miseriam exprimamus. Masculus + enim recenter natus dicit A; foemina vero E; dicentes E vel A quotquot + nascuntur ab Eva. Quid est igitur _Eva_ nisi _heu ha_? Utrumque + dolentis est interjectio doloris exprimens magnitudinem. Hinc enim ante + peccatum virago, post peccatum _Era_ meruit appellari.... Mulier autem + ut naufragus, cum parit tristitiam habet," &c.--_De Contemptu Mundi_, + lib. i. c. 6., à Lothario, diacono cardinali, S.S. Sergii et Bacchi, + editus, qui postea Innocentius Papa III. appellatus est. + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +_Manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas_ (Vol. viii., p. 585.).--Allow me to +correct a gross error into which I have been led, by an imperfect +concordance, in hastily concluding that the words "In te Domine speravi, +non confundar in æternum," were not in the Psalms, as I have found them in +the Vulgate, Psalms xxxi. 1. and lxxi. 1. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +_Binometrical Verse_ (Vol. viii., pp. 292. 375.).--In answer to these +inquiries, the copyright of this united hexameter and pentameter belongs to +Mr. De la Pryme, of Trin. Coll., Cambridge, who is also the author of +another line which is both an alcaic and sapphic: + + "Quando nigrescit sacra latro patrat." + +X. + +_Gale of Rent_ (Vol. viii., p. 563.).--Gale [_Gavel_, Sax., a rent or +duty,] a periodical payment of rent. The Latin form of the word is +_gabellum_, and the French _gabelle_. (See Wharton's _Law Lexicon_.) + +[Greek: Halieus]. + +Dublin. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +_The History of Millwall, commonly called the Isle of Dogs, including +Notices of the West India Docks and City Canal, and Notes on Poplar, +Blackwall, Limehouse,_ {656} _and Stepney_, by B. H. Cowper, is +unquestionably one of the most carefully compiled, and judiciously +arranged, little topographical works, which we have ever been called upon +to notice. The intelligent M.P. who is recorded to have asked a witness +before a select committee for the _precise_ locality of the Isle of Dogs, +and to have been satisfied with the answer "Between London Bridge and +Gravesend," may, if inclined to pursue his inquiries, find its history told +most fully and most agreeably in the little volume now before us. + +In our Number for the 21st of May last, we called attention to, and spoke +in terms of fitting approbation of, the First Part of _The English Bible_; +containing the Old and New Testaments, according to the authorised version; +newly divided into paragraphs, with concise Introductions to the several +Books, and with Maps and Notes illustrative of the Chronology, History, and +Geography of the Holy Scriptures; containing also the most remarkable +variations of the Ancient Versions, and the chief results of Modern +Criticism. Part II., comprising _Exodus_ and _Leviticus_, is now before us, +and exhibits the same merits as its predecessor. + +Mr. Miller, of Chandos Street, who during the past year added to the value +of the Monthly Catalogues by the addition to each of them of several pages +of literary and bibliographical miscellanies, has just collected these into +a little volume, under the title of _Fly Leaves, or Scraps and Sketches, +Literary, Bibliographical, and Miscellaneous_, which may find a fitting +place beside Davis's _Olio_, and other works of that class. + +We regret to learn, as we do from the _Literary Gazette_ of Saturday last, +that the Trustees of the British Museum, in defiance of the earnest +recommendation of the Society of Antiquaries and of the Archæological +Institute, and with a total disregard of the feelings and opinions of those +best qualified to advise them upon the subject, have declined to purchase +the Faussett Collection of Early Antiquities, and consequently will lose +the Fairford Collection offered to them as a free gift by Mr. Wylie: so +that the enlightened foreigner, who visits this great national +establishment, and admiring its noble collections of Greek, Roman, +Egyptian, and Assyrian antiquities, asks, "but where are your own national +antiquities?" must still be answered, "We have not got one!" They certainly +do manage these things better in France and Denmark. + +Our readers, we have no doubt, shared the regret with which we read the +advertisement in our columns last week from the Rev. Dr. Hincks, who, from +the want of encouragement, and in the face of peculiarly adverse +circumstances, is compelled to withdraw from the field of Assyrian +discovery; and who is advertising for some competent person who will work +out what he has in progress. Although Assyrian literature may at present be +discouraged by the Church and neglected by the Universities, there can be +little doubt that it must ere long assume a very different position: and we +therefore trust that some means may yet be taken to prevent Dr. Hincks' +withdrawal from a field of study in which he has been so successful. + +As we have deviated from our usual course in noticing subjects advertised +in our pages, we take the opportunity of calling the attention of our +antiquarian friends to the advertisement from the Rev. G. Cumming on the +subject of the casts now making from the Runic Monuments in the Isle of +Man. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +ISAAC TAYLOR'S PHYSICAL THEORY OF ANOTHER LIFE. + +*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +BRISTOL DROLLERY. 1674. + +HOLBORN DROLLERY. 1673. + +HICK'S GRAMMATICAL DROLLERY. 1682. + +OXFORD JESTS. + +CAMBRIDGE JESTS. + + Wanted by _C. S._, 12. Gloucester Green, Oxford. + + * * * * * + +MUDIE'S BRITISH BIRDS. Bohn. 1841. 2nd Volume. + +WAVERLEY. 1st Edition. + + Wanted by _F. R. Sowerby_, Halifax. + + * * * * * + +DR. H. MORE'S PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS Lond. 1662. Folio. + +HIRCHER'S MUSURGIA UNIVERSALIS. Romæ, 1650. 2 Toms in 1. Folio. + + Wanted by _J. G._, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton Street, + Dublin. + + * * * * * + +ORMEROD'S CHESHIRE, Parts II. and X. Small Paper. + +HEMINGWAY'S CHESTER. Parts I. and III. Large Paper. + + Wanted by _T. Hughes_, 13. Paradise Row, Chester. + + * * * * * + +AARON HILL'S PLAIN DEALER. + +EDINBURGH MISCELLANY. Edinb. 1720. + + Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington. + + * * * * * + +LADERCHII ANNALES ECCLESIASTICI. 3 Tom. Folio. Romæ, 1728-37. + +THE BIBLE in Shorthand, according to the method of Mr. James Weston, whose +Shorthand Prayer Book was published in the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's +Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, 1687, would be given in exchange. + +LOESCHER, DE LATROCINIIS, QUÆ IN SCRIPTORES PUBLICOS SOLENT COMMITTERE +HÆRETICI. 4to. Vitemb. 1674. + +LOESCHER, ACTA REFORMATIONIS. + +SCHRAMM, DISSERT. DE LIBRORUM PROHIBITORUM INDICIBUS. 4to. Helmst. 1708. + +JAMESII SPECIMEN CORRUPTELARUM PONTIFIC. 4to. Lond. 1626. + +MACEDO, DIATRIBE DE CARDINALIS BONÆ ERRORIBUS. + + Wanted by _Rev. Richard Gibbings_, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +No. 219.--_On Saturday, January 7, 1854, the opening Number of our_ New +Volume _will contain numerous interesting papers by many of our most +distinguished Contributors._ + +_We are compelled to postpone until next week our usual_ NOTICES TO +CORRESPONDENTS. + +INDEX TO VOLUME THE EIGHTH.--_This is in a very forward state, and will, we +trust, be ready for delivery with_ No. 221. _on the_ 21_st of January_. + +_Errata._--Vol. viii., p. 444. col. 2. l. 45., for "nearly" read "near;" p. +445. col. 1. l. 24., for "Severn" read "Levern," and (in three places) for +"Maywell" read "Maxwell;" p. 562. col. 1. l. 3., for "Leaman" read +"Seaman;" p. 568. l. 5. from the bottom, for "sine angulus" read "sine +angulis;" p. 594. col. 2. l. 28., after "Richard" insert "son of," and l. +30., after "he" insert "(the Father)." + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + +{657} + + * * * * * + + +CHEAP EDITION OF THE LIVES OF THE QUEENS. + +NOTICE. + + With the Magazines, on the 1st of January, will be published, + beautifully printed in post 8vo., Embellished with FOURTEEN PORTRAITS, + including that of the Author, price 7s. 6d. elegantly bound, The FIRST + VOLUME of a NEW and CHEAP EDITION of the + +LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND. + +By AGNES STRICKLAND. + +This NEW and CHEAP EDITION, embellished with PORTRAITS of every QUEEN, +engraved from the most authentic Sources, and combining all other late +Improvements, will be regularly published and completed in EIGHT MONTHLY +VOLUMES POST OCTAVO: containing from 600 to 700 pages each, price only 7s. +6d. per volume, handsomely bound: and those who may desire to obtain Copies +on the Day of Publication, are requested to send their Orders immediately +to their respective Booksellers. + +Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. 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The additional + notes and illustrations are extensive, and wherever Gibbon's religious + views are opposed, as they often are, both sides of the argument are + given unflinchingly. + +HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + + +Price 9½d. sewed, + +CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL.--PART CXX. FOR JANUARY. + + W. & R. CHAMBERS, + London and Edinburgh. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 3s. 6d. cloth, gilt. + +MARTIN LUTHER'S SPIRITUAL SONGS. Translated by R. MASSIE, ESQ., of +Eccleston. + + London: HATCHARD & SON. + Chester: PRICHARD, ROBERTS, & CO. + + * * * * * + + +CASSELL'S ILLUSTRATED FAMILY PAPER. Price One Penny. No. 2. was ready for +delivery December 28. 150,000 of No. 1. have been sold in little more than +a week. It contains Eight Pages the same size as the "Illustrated London +News," and filled with numerous highly-finished Engravings. + + J. CASSELL, Ludgate Hill. + +Order of any Bookseller in the United Kingdom. + + * * * * * + + +THE SACRED GARLAND, or THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DELIGHT. + + "Pluck a Flower." + + A New Edition of the above excellent and popular work will shortly be + published in large type, crown 8vo., and may be obtained of any + respectable bookseller in town or country. + + MILNER & SOWERBY, Halifax. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s. + +NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS of NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the +"Microscopic Cabinet." by ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + +Also, in 8vo.; pp. 720; Plates 24; price 21s., or coloured, 36s., + +A HISTORY Of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing +Descriptions of every Species, British and foreign; the methods of +procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By +ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + + "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._ + +Also, price 8s. 6d., + +MICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Reflecting and Solar Microscopes; +Eye-Pieces; Micrometers, &c. + +Also, edited by the same, price 18s., + +ENGLISH PATENTS; being a Register of all those granted in the Arts, +Manufactures, Chemistry, &c., during the first forty-five years of this +century. + + WHITTAKER & Co., Ave Maria Lane. + + * * * * * + + +APPROVED EDUCATIONAL WORKS FOR SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES. + +ALLEN AND CORNWELL'S GRAMMAR. With very Copious Exercises, and a Systematic +View of the Formation and Derivation of Words, together with Anglo-Saxon, +Latin, and Greek Lists, which explain the Etymology of above 7,000 English +Words. Fifteenth Edition, 2s., red leather; 1s. 9d., cloth. + +GRAMMAR FOR BEGINNERS. Twenty-second Edition, 1s. cloth, 9d. sewed. + +Also, + +THE YOUNG COMPOSER; or, Progressive Exercises in English Composition. Part +I., comprising Sentence-making, Variety of Expression, and Figurative +Language; together with Appendices on Punctuation and the Use of Capitals. +By JAMES CORNWELL, Ph. D. Fifteenth Edition. 1s. 6d. cloth. + +Also, + +A KEY TO THE YOUNG COMPOSER. With Hints as to the Mode of Using the Book. +Price 3s. + +Also, + +SELECT ENGLISH POETRY. Edited by the late DR. ALLEN. Seventh Edition, price +4s. + +Also, + +DR. ALLEN'S EUTROPIUS. With a Complete Dictionary and Index of Proper +Names. New Edition, price 3s. + +Also, + +A SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY. By JAMES CORNWELL, Ph. D. Fifteenth Edition. 3s. 6d.; +or with Thirty Maps on Steel, 5s. 6d. + +Also, by the same, + +A SCHOOL ATLAS. Consisting of Thirty beautifully executed Maps on Steel. +2s. 6d. plain, 4s. coloured. + + "Characterised by perspicuity, accuracy, careful and truly scientific + arrangement, and unusual condensation. In the hands of a good teacher, + these cannot but be highly efficient school-books. The qualities we now + indicate have secured to them extensive use, and Dr. Cornwell is now + sure of a general welcome to his labours, a welcome which the intrinsic + excellence of such books as these cannot but command."--_Christian + Times._ + + London: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.; HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO. + Edinburgh: OLIVER & BOYD; W. P. KENNEDY. + + * * * * * + + +Second Edition, in cloth, 1s.; by post, 1s. 6d.; pp. 192. + +WELSH SKETCHES. Third (and last) Series. By the Author of "Proposals for +Christian Union." + + CONTENTS: + + 1. Edward the Black Prince. + 2. Owen Glendower, Prince of Wales. + 3. Mediæval Bardism. + 4. The Welsh Church. + + "Abounds with the results of antiquarian researches, conducted in a + patient and intelligent spirit; and really forms an important + contribution to popular literature."--_Chester Courant._ + + "Will be read with great satisfaction, not only by all sons of the + Principality, but by all who look with interest on that portion of our + island in which the last traces of our ancient British race and + language still linger."--_Notes and Queries._ + +London: J. DARLING, 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. + +{658} + + * * * * * + + +SURREY ARCHÆOLOGICAL SOCIETY. + +PRESIDENT.--His Grace the Duke of Norfolk. + +Gentlemen desiring to join the Society, are informed that Copies of the +Rules, List of Members (upwards of 250), and Forms of Application for +Admission, may be obtained from the Honorary Secretary. + + £ s. + Annual Subscription 0 10 + Composition for Life 5 0 + +On and after January 1, 1854, an entrance fee of 10s. will be required, +from which those Members who join the Society during the present month will +be exempt. + + GEORGE BISH WEBB, + Honorary Secretary. + 46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill. + + * * * * * + + +TO ANTIQUARIES AND SECRETARIES OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. + +THE REV. J. G. CUMMING, M.A., F.G.S., Vice-Principal of King William +College, Castletown, who is engaged in the Preparation of a Work on the +Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man, is superintending the labours of an +Italian Artist in taking Casts of the most beautiful and important Runic +Crosses, to be placed in the Insular Museum at the College: Parties +desiring Duplicates may obtain full particulars of cost, &c. by application +as above. + + * * * * * + + +ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE. + +REV. DR. E. HINCKS would dispose of a number of Books and MSS. connected +with the Assyrian Language, and would also give viva voce Instruction +therein to a Gentleman who may be willing to devote himself to this +important Study; and who, from his age, antecedents, and present position, +may appear to him likely to succeed in it. Apply to him at the Rectory, +Killyleagh, Co. Down, before the 21st of January. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, History, +Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had considerable +experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS. HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +THE MOST COMFORTABLE NEW YEAR'S PRESENT is HEAL & SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILT. +It is the warmest, the lightest, and the most elegant Covering, suitable +for the Bed, the Couch, or the Carriage; and for Invalids, its comfort +cannot be too highly appreciated. It is made in Three Varieties, of which a +large Assortment can be seen at their Establishment. List of Prices of the +above, together with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free by Post. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.--EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY. + +AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets and +Portable Laboratories, 5s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s., +63s., and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6d. "Illustrated Descriptive +Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp. + + WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29c. Rotherfield Street, + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by +Special Permission to + +THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. + +PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by the +Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged for +Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for the +Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, +by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty, 4to., neat, +in morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell +Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post-office Order for +that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers and Music +Warehouses. + + "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our + Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._ + + "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this + country."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well + merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears."--_Musical + World._ + + "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting + of very superior character to any which has hitherto appeared."--_John + Bull._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + +Also, lately published, + +J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel +Royal St. James, price 2s. + +C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street. + + * * * * * + + +QUEENWOOD COLLEGE, + +NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, HANTS. + +_Principal_--GEORGE EDMONDSON. + +_Mathematics and Natural Philosophy._--Dr. Thos. A. Hirst, of the +Universities of Marburg and Berlin. + +_Chemistry_--Dr. H. Debus, late Assistant in the Laboratory of Professor +Bunsen, and Chemical Lecturer in the University of Marburg. + +_Classics and History._--Mr. John S. Mummery, L.C.P. + +_Modern Languages and Foreign Literature._--Mr. John Haas, from M. de +Fellenberg's Institution, Hofwyl, Switzerland. + +_Geodesy._--Mr. Richard P. Wright. + +_Painting and Drawing._--Mr. Richard P. Wright. + +_English, and Junior Mathematics._--Frederick Iliff, M.A., late Scholar of +Trinity College, Cambridge, and M.C.P. + +DITTO.--Mr. William Singleton. + +_Music._--Mr. William Cornwall. + +TERMS. + + For Boys under 12 years of age 40l. per ann. + " from 12 to 16 50 " + " above 16 60 " + +For further information see Prospectus, to be had of the Principal. + +The First Session of 1854 commences on the 26th of January. + + * * * * * + + +PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.--Containing Colours, Pencils, &c., with +printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price 5s. + + MILLER'S. Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56. Long Acre, London; and at + her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--Every Description of SPECTACLES and EYE-GLASSES for the +Assistance of Vision, adapted by means of Smee's Optometer: that being the +only correct method of determining the exact focus of the Lenses required, +and of preventing injury to the sight by the use of improper Glasses. + +BLAND & LONG. Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +TO ARTISTS, ENGRAVERS, PRINTSELLERS, ETC. + +This Day, 8vo., 3s. 6d. + +THE LAWS OF ARTISTIC COPYRIGHT, AND THEIR DEFECTS. For the Use of Artists, +Sculptors, Engravers, Printsellers, &c. By D. ROBERTON BLAINE, ESQ., of the +Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +WORKS BY EDWARD JESSE, ESQ. + +Now Ready. + +JESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 6s. + +II. + +JESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. Seventh Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 6s. + +III. + +JESSE'S FAVOURITE HAUNTS. With Twenty Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 12s. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +FRASER'S MAGAZINE FOR JANUARY, price 2s. 6d., or by poet 3s., contains: + + The Birth of the Year. By Frederick Tennyson. + + The Decline and Fall of the Corporation of London.--I. The + Constitution. + + Dr. Véron's Memoirs. + + General Bounce; or, The Lady and the Locusts. By the Author of "Digby + Grand." Chaps. I. and II. + + Lord Palmerston and the Presbytery of Edinburgh. + + The Freight of the Jacobina. + + A Visit to the Hospital for Sick Children. + + The Principle of the Grecian Mythology; or, How the Greeks made their + Gods. + + Young Germany. + + Cambridge Life according to C. A. Bristed. With Notes by P. Jenkinson. + + Gallinaceana. + + A Few Words on Irish Antiquities. + + Derbyism. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, fcap 8vo., 2s. 6d. cloth, Vol. I. of the POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN +DRYDEN, with Historical and Illustrative Notes and Biographical Memoir, +containing New Facts and several Original Letters of the Poet, now +published for the first time, being the Commencement of a New and Annotated +Edition of the ENGLISH POETS. By ROBERT BELL. To be continued in Monthly +Volumes, price 2s. 6d. each, in cloth. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, Vols. III. and IV. (price 28s. cloth) of THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND +and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A, + + Volume Three, 1272--1377. + Volume Four 1377--1485. + +Lately published, price 28s. cloth, + + Volume One 1066--1199. + Volume Two 1199--1272. + + "A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore + take its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent. + Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN & CO. + + * * * * * + + +LINCOLN'S ONE HUNDREDTH CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. + +W. S. LINCOLN, Cheltenham House, Westminster Road, London, has just issued +his ONE HUNDREDTH CATALOGUE (for January, 1854) of Cheap Second-Hand +English, Foreign, Classical, and Miscellaneous Books: a Copy of which he +will send Gratis and Post Free to any gentleman in Town or Country who +applies for the same. {659} + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. + G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age £ s. d. | Age £ s. d. + 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 + 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 + 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +Solicitors' & General Life Assurance Society, + +52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + +_Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION._ + + * * * * * + +THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES: + +The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION. + +Exemption of the Assured from all Liability. + +Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives. + +Participating and Non-Participating Premiums. + +In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided +amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum +assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option. + +No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on +Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account. + +POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud. + +At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of +nearly Two Per Cent. per annum on the _amount assured_, or at the rate of +from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_. + +Policies share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid. + +Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856. + +The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be effected by +applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of +the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be +obtained. + +CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic +Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally +acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal +scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no +preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect +pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where +a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in +separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to +any Climate. Full instructions for use. + +CAUTION.-- Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD +W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony. + +CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. The Genuine +is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this +Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, +Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of all +respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d.. each, through +MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. +Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents. + + * * * * * + + +POLICY HOLDERS in other COMPANIES and intending Assurers generally, are +invited to examine the Rates, Principles, and Progress of the SCOTTISH +PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only Society in which the Advantages of Mutual +Assurance can be secured by moderate Premiums. Established 1837. Number of +Policies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and a Half Millions. + +Full Reports and every Information had (Free) on Application. + +*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp Duty; and attention is invited to +the circumstance that Premiums payable for Life Assurance are now allowed +as a Deduction from Income in the Returns for Income Tax. + +GEORGE GRANT. Resident Sec. London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 Guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY. + +A COMPLETE SET OF APPARATUS for 4l. 4s., containing an Expanding Camera, +with warranted Double Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a Portable Stand, +Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and Baths, complete. + +PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achromatic combination, from 1l. 12s. 6d. + +LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Adjustment, from 25s. + +A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting Art, 1s., by post free, 1s. 6d. + +French Polished MAHOGANY STEREOSCOPES, from 10s. 6d. A large assortment of +STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same in Daguerreotype, Calotype, or Albumen, +at equally low prices. + +ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES. + +Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE, with all the latest improvement +and apparatus, complete from 3l. 15s., at + +C. BAKER'S. Optical and Mathematical Instrument Warehouse, 264. High +Holborn (opposite Day & Martin's). + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most +celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of +the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A +Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra +Copies for 10s. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits.--The Trade supplied. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY. Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + +THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per +Post, 1s. 2d. {660} + + * * * * * + + +LITERARY GIFT BOOKS. + +THE FOLLOWING MAY NOW BE HAD:-- + +I. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 10 vols. 30s. + +II. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and Vignette. +12s. + +III. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. In Eight Pocket Volumes. 20s. + +IV. + +BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD. Illustrated by a Portrait of Ada and 30 Vignettes. +10s. 6d. + +V. + +BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. With Plates and Vignettes. 6 vols. 18s. + +VI. + +BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. Complete in One Volume, with Portraits and +Vignette. 12s. + +VII. + +CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. With Plates and Vignettes. 8 vols. 24s. + +VIII. + +CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and +Vignettes. 10s. 6d. + +IX. + +BISHOP HEBER'S INDIAN JOURNALS. 2 vols. 10s. + +X. + +BISHOP HEBER'S POEMS. With Portrait. 7s. 6d. + +XI. + +MILMAN'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 3 vols. 18s. + +XII. + +MILMAN'S WORKS OF HORACE. Illustrated with 300 Vignettes by Scharf. 21s. + +XIII. + +MILMAN'S LIFE OF HORACE. With Woodcuts. 9s. + +XIV. + +LOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS. 2s. 6d. + +XV. + +LOCKHART'S LIFE OF ROBERT BURNS. 3s. + +XVI. + +CROKER'S BOSWELL'S JOHNSON. Complete in One Volume. 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With Woodcuts. 6s. + + * * * * * + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVII. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming +Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 2nd, and BILLS for +insertion by the 4th, of January. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +DR. SMITH'S SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE. + +Now Ready, with 100 Woodcuts, 16mo., 7s. 6d. + +A SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE: with Supplementary Chapters on the Literature, +Art, and Domestic Manners of the Greeks. By DR. WM. SMITH, Editor of the +"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities," &c. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street: and +WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower Street and Ivy Lane. + + * * * * * + + +WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. + +Now ready, with 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. Post 8vo. 12s. + +THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS: a Popular Account of their Manners and Customs, +revised and abridged from his larger Work. By SIR J. 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Mythology, history, art, manners, topography, have all + their fitting representatives. It is the highest praise to say, that + the designs throughout add to the pleasure with which Horace is + read."--Classical Museum. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS. + +Now ready, a new and beautiful Edition, with 600 woodcuts by HARVEY, One +Volume, royal 8vo., price One Guinea. + +THE ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENT. Translated by EDWARD WILLIAM LANE, ESQ., +Author of the "Modern Egyptians," &c. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 10s. + +ONCE UPON A TIME. By CHARLES KNIGHT. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. 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margin-top: 1em;} + img.middle { border: none; vertical-align: middle } + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 218, December 31, +1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 218, December 31, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: August 10, 2009 [EBook #29664] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 31, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + + +</pre> + +<p><!-- Page 637 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page637"></a>{637}</span></p> + +<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1> + +<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2> + +<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>—<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3> + +<hr class="full" /> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:25%"> + <p><b>No. 218.</b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:center; width:50%"> + <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, December 31. 1853</span></b></p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:25%"> + <p><b>Price Fourpence<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CONTENTS.</h2> + + +<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents"> + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:94%"> + <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:—</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:5%"> + <p>Page</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>St. Stephen's Day and Riley's Hoveden, by J. S. Warden</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page637">637</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>The Holy Trinity Church, Hull, by R. W. Elliot</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page638">638</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor + Notes</span>:—Italian-English—American Names—Rulers + of the World in 1853—Revocation of the Edict of Nantes</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page638">638</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Derivation of Silo, by Augustus Strong</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page639">639</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor + Queries</span>:—Handwriting—Rev. Joshua Brooks—"New + Universal Magazine"—Francis Browne—Advent + Hymn—Milton's Correspondence—"Begging the + Question"—Passage of Cicero</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page639">639</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with + Answers</span>:—Goldsmith's "Haunch of Venison"</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page640">640</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>School Libraries, by Weld Taylor, P. H. Fisher, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page640">640</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Trench on Proverbs, by T. J. Buckton, &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page641">641</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Major André</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page643">643</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Passage in Whiston</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page645">645</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Helmets</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page645">645</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Hampden's Death</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page646">646</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Peter Allan, by Shirley Hibberd</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page647">647</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>"Could we with ink," &c., by the Rev. Moses Margoliouth, + &c.</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page648">648</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>What Day is it at our Antipodes?</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page648">648</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Photographic + Correspondence</span>:—Aceto-Nitrate of Silver—On the + Restoration of old Collodion</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page649">649</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:—Admissions + to Inns of Court—Inedited Lyric by Felicia + Hemans—Derivation of Britain—Derivation of the Word + Celt—"Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira"—Cash—"Antiquitas + Sæculi Junentus Mundi"—Caves at Settle, + Yorkshire—Character of the Song of the + Nightingale—Inscriptions in Books—Door-head + Inscription—Fogie—Sir W. Hewet—Ladies' Arms borne + in a Lozenge—The Crescent—Abigail—Handbook to the + Library of the British Museum—The Arms of Richard, King of the + Romans—Greek and Roman Fortifications—Osbernus filius + Herfasti—Devonianisms—Gentile Names of the + Jews—Longevity—Reversible Names—Etymology of + Eve—Manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas—Binometrical + Verse—Gale of Rent</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page650">650</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:—</p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notes on Books, &c</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page655">655</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page656">656</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Notices to Correspondents</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page656">656</a></p> + </td> + </tr> + + <tr> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> + <p>Advertisements</p> + </td> + <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right"> + <p><a href="#page657">657</a></p> + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notes.</h2> + +<h3>ST. STEPHEN'S DAY AND RILEY'S HOVEDEN.</h3> + + <p>In Roger de Hoveden's account of the accident which proved fatal to + Leopold, Duke of Austria, the jailer of Richard I. (Bohn's edit., vol. + ii. p. 345.), St. Stephen's Day, on which it occurred, is twice stated to + be <i>before</i> Christmas Day, instead of after it. Is this an error of + the author, or of translator?<a name="footnotetag1" + href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> or are they right, and was St. + Stephen's martyrdom in those times commemorated on a different day from + what it now is? I cannot find, on reference to the authorities within my + reach, that this last was the case. Mr. Riley does not notice the + discrepancy at all.</p> + + <p>In the translation of this Volume, a few errors have come under my + observation, to which I beg to call Mr. R.'s attention: 1. In his note on + Corumphira's prophecy, at p. 36., he seems to forget that the Mahometan + year differs from the Julian by eleven or twelve days, and that in + consequence <span class="scac">A. D.</span> 1186 does not correspond to + <span class="scac">A. H.</span> 564; in fact, the old astrologer is + perfectly correct in his chronology, more so than in his predictions, + many of which were signally falsified in the course of the next few + years. 2. A mountain frequently mentioned by his author as projecting + into the sea at the boundary of Catalonia and Valencia, and called + "Muncian," he says in a note at p. 151. is "probably Montserrat," which + is far from either the sea or the frontier; the maps of Spain all show, + near the town of Vinaros on the east coast, a hill on the sea-shore + called "Monte Sia," which still, as then, forms the boundary in that + direction between the two provinces. 3. In his note at p. 156. on "Mount + Gebel," the translator says, "he (the author) probably means Stromboli;" + surely the name of Mongibello, and the mention of Catania a few lines + farther down should have shown him that Etna only could be meant, + although part of the mistake is due to Hoveden himself, who talks of it + as a separate island from Sicily. Mr. Riley's other geographical notes + are generally <!-- Page 638 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page638"></a>{638}</span>correct, though a little more pains might + have greatly increased their number, to the elucidation of his author's + account of the Crusaders' proceedings in the East. 4. At p. 249. a + well-known passage from Horace is ascribed to Juvenal.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a + href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a> + <p>The text in the <i>Scriptores post Bedam</i> reads:—"Eodam anno + die S. Stephani protomartyris <i>infra</i> natale Domini."</p> + +</div> +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>THE HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, HULL.</h3> + + <p>There is an error in the heading of one of the architectural notes + appended to the <i>Proceedings of the Arch. Inst.</i> held at York in + 1846. From the description which is given (p. 38.), it is plain that the + above church is the one to which the note refers; not that of St. Mary's, + which is the title of the article.</p> + + <p>The material of the whole church is not, also, "brick with stone + dressings," as the note informs us, only the chancel, south porch, and + south transept; all the rest is of stone, and in a very sad state of + repair. A few years ago, the south transept was restored; but the + ornamental part was worked in such bad stone, that the crockets of the + pinnacles have already begun to moulder away. It is a curious fact, that + Bishop Lyttleton, who visited Hull in 1756 for the express purpose of + "examining the walls of the town, and the materials of which the Holy + Trinity Church is constructed," should have stated in the + <i>Archæologia</i> (vol. i. p. 146.) that there did not appear to be + "<i>a single brick</i> in or about the whole fabric, except a few in the + south porch, placed there of late years."</p> + + <p>There is a matter of great archæological interest connected with the + part of the church which is built of brick; for, as there is reason to + believe that the chancel was raised in the year 1285, there is good + foundation for the supposition, that Hull was "the first town to restore + in this country the useful art of brickmaking" (Frost's <i>Hull</i>, + p. 138.). The walls of the town, which were erected by royal licence in + 1322, and still standing with their gates and towers in the time of + Leland and Camden, are described by them as being of brick. Leland also + says (<i>Itin.</i>, edit. Hearne, fol. 53.) that the greater part of the + "houses of the town at that tyme (Richard II.) was made al of brike."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">R. W. Elliot.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Clifton.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Notes.</h2> + + <p><i>Italian-English</i> (Vol. viii., p. 436.).—The following + wholesale assassination of the English language was perpetrated in the + form of a circular, and distributed among the British residents at Naples + in 1832:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Joseph the Cook, he offer to one illuminated public and most + particular for British knowing men in general one remarkable, pretty, + famous, and splendid collection of old goods, all quite new, excavated + from private personal diggings. He sells cooked clays, old marble stones, + with basso-relievos, with stewing-pots, brass sacrificing pots, and antik + lamps. Here is a stocking of calves heads and feets for single ladies and + amateurs travelling. Also old coppers and candlesticks; with Nola jugs, + Etruscan saucers, and much more intellectual minds articles; all + entitling him to learned man's inspection to examine him, and supply it + with illustrious protection, of which he hope full and valorous + satisfaction.</p> + + <p>"N. B.—He make all the old thing brand new for gentlemans who + has collections, and wishes to change him. He have also one manner quite + original for make join two sides of different monies; producing one + medallion, all indeed unique, and advantage him to sell by exportation + for strange cabinets and museums of the exterior potentates."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">V. T. Sternberg.</span></p> + + <p><i>American Names.</i>—In the Journal of Thomas Moore, lately + published in Lord John Russell's memoirs of the poet, is the following + passage, under date of October 18, 1818:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Some traveller in America mentions having met a man called Romulus + Riggs; whether true or not, very like their mixture of the classical and + the low."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The name was borne by a very respectable man, who, in the year 1801, + was in partnership with his brother Remus Riggs, as a broker in + Georgetown, in the district of Columbia. Romulus, who survived his + brother, afterwards became an eminent merchant in Philadelphia, where he + died a few years ago.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Uneda.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + + <p><i>Rulers of the World in 1853.</i>—Perhaps the following table, + which I have recently met with in a foreign journal, may be thought of + sufficient interest to make a Note of. In these unsettled times, and in + case of a general war, how much might it be changed!</p> + + <p>There are at present eighty-three empires, monarchies, republics, + principalities, duchies, and electorates.</p> + + <p>There are six emperors, including his sable highness, Faustin I. of + St. Domingo; sixteen kings, numbering among them Jamaco, King of all the + Mosquitoes, and also those of Dahomey and the Sandwich Islands; five + queens, including Ranavalona of Madagascar, and Pomare of the Society + Islands; eighteen presidents, ten reigning princes, seven grand dukes, + ten dukes, one pope, two sultans, of Borneo and Turkey; two governors, of + Entre Rios and Corrientes; one viceroy, of Egypt; one shah, of Persia; + one imaun, of Muscat; one ameer, of Cabul; one bey, of Tunis; and lastly; + one director, of Nicaragua.</p> + + <p class="author">W. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Malta.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 639 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page639"></a>{639}</span></p> + + <p><i>Revocation of the Edict of Nantes.</i>—The immense loss + sustained by France in all her great interests, as affecting her civil + and religious liberties, her commerce, trade, arts, sciences, not to + speak of the unutterable anguish inflicted upon hundred of thousands of + individuals (among whom were the writer's maternal ancestors,—their + name, Courage), by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, has lately + called into action the pens of some industrious and talented men of + letters, among whom M. Weiss is one of the most meritorious. His + interesting work, I observe, is about to receive an English dress. In the + shape of a Note through your medium, in order that the translator may + avail himself of information which, possibly, may not have reached him, + it should be known that Mr. William Jones, one of the highly respected + and accomplished <i>employés</i> of the British Museum, has written a + letter to the <i>Journal des Débats</i> (inserted in its number of Nov. + 30, and signed with his name), containing farther information of a + painfully-absorbing nature, from documents in the Museum, respecting the + <i>dragonnades</i>, and the sufferings and persecutions of a French + pastor.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Macray.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Oxford.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Queries.</h2> + +<h3>DERIVATION OF SILO.</h3> + + <p>Can you or any of your correspondents inform me what is the derivation + of the word <i>silo</i>?</p> + + <p>For many years after the colony of New South Wales was founded, it was + almost wholly dependent upon the mother country for such supplies of + grain, &c. as were necessary for the life and health of its + inhabitants; and, consequently, store ships were regularly despatched + from our shores to Sydney.</p> + + <p>It happened however that, in consequence of wrecks and other + disasters, the colonists were, on more than one occasion, reduced to the + greatest distress, and starvation almost began to stare them in the face. + Under these circumstances, one of the early governors of Sydney, to + prevent the recurrence of famine, gathered a large supply of corn and + deposited it in granaries which he had excavated out of the solid rock at + the head of the bay, near the mouth of the Paramatta River. These were + termed <i>silos</i> or <i>siloes</i>: they were hermetically sealed up, + and from time to time the old corn was exchanged for new.</p> + + <p>The supply of corn in these remarkable storehouses is still kept up; + nor as late as the time of my departure from those colonies last year, + did I hear of any intention of discontinuing this old custom.</p> + + <p>Now the termination of this word in <i>o</i> marks it as Spanish; and + accordingly, on reference to Baretti's dictionary of that language, I + find the word "<span class="sc">Silo</span>, a subterraneous granary." + But, Sir, this discovery only raises another question, and one which I + wish much to see solved. A Spanish substantive must be for the most part + the name of something existing at some time or other in Spain.</p> + + <p><i>When</i>, therefore, did such granaries exist in Spain, <i>in what + part</i> of the country, and <i>under what circumstances</i>?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Augustus Strong.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Walcot Rectory, Bath.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Handwriting.</i>—I should be much obliged if any of your + correspondents could inform me (and that soon) whether there be + published, in English, French, German, or Spanish (though it is most + desired in English), a manual giving a standard alphabet for the various + kinds of writing now in use, viz. English hand, engrossing, Italian, + German text, &c., with directions for teaching the same; in fact, a + sort of writing-master's key: and if so, what is its title, and where it + can be procured.</p> + + <p>A friend believes to have seen such a work advertised in <i>The + Athenæum</i> (probably three or four years ago), but has no recollection + of the name.</p> + + <p class="author">E. B.</p> + + <p><i>Rev. Joshua Brooks</i>.—Can any of your numerous readers + inform me as to the early history of the late Rev. Joshua Brooks, who was + for many years chaplain of the Collegiate Church, Manchester, and who + died in 1821?</p> + + <p class="author">C. (1.)</p> + + <p>"<i>New Universal Magazine.</i>"—I wish to know the time of the + commencement and termination of the <i>The New Universal Magazine, or + Lady's Polite Instructor</i>.</p> + + <p>A few volumes are in the British Museum. Vol. vi. is for July 1754 to + January 1755.</p> + + <p class="author">D.</p> + + <p><i>Francis Browne.</i>—Anthony Browne, first Viscount Montague, + married, secondly, Magdalen, daughter of Lord Dacre of Gillesland, from + whom descended (amongst others) Sir Henry Browne of Kiddington. This Sir + Henry married twice: his second wife was Mary Anne, daughter of Sir P. + Hungate; by her he had issue Sir Peter Browne, who died of wounds at + Naseby. Sir Peter married Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Knollys, and + had two sons, Henry and <i>Francis</i>. Did this Francis Browne ever + marry? and if so, whom, and when, and where?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Newburiensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>Advent Hymn.</i>—Why is this hymn not included amongst those + at the end of the Book of Common Prayer?</p> + + <p>Might it not be added to those already given for the other festivals + of the Church, &c.? It <!-- Page 640 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page640"></a>{640}</span>would be an advantage in those churches + where the Prayer Book Psalms are used, and might avoid the necessity of + having separate Psalm and Hymn Books; a custom much to be objected to, + differing as they do in different churches, as well as preventing + strangers from taking part in them.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Willo.</span></p> + + <p><i>Milton's Correspondence.</i>—Has any English translation of + Milton's <i>Latin familiar Correspondence</i> been published; and if so, + when and by whom?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cranston.</span></p> + + <p>"<i>Begging the Question.</i>"—Will any correspondent explain + this phrase, and give its origin?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Carnatic.</span></p> + + <p><i>Passage of Cicero.</i>—I lately met with a writer of some + deep learning and research, who, amongst other topics, entered into the + subject of musical inflection by orators, &c. Now, unfortunately, the + title and preface of the book is absent without leave, nor is there any + heading to it, so I can do no more than say, the author refers to a + passage in these words:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Cicero declares that only three tones or variations of sound, or + interval, were used in speaking in his time; whereas now our preachers, + orators, and elocutionists take in a range of eight at least."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Will some indulgent reader of "N. & Q." tell me where such a + passage occurs?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Semi-Tone.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2> + + <p><i>Goldsmith's "Haunch of Venison.</i>"—What is the name in this + poem beginning with H, which Goldsmith makes to rhyme with "beef?" The + metre requires it to be a monosyllable, but there is no name that I have + ever heard of that would answer in this place. Is the H a mistake for K, + which would give a well-known Irish name?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[A variation in the Aldine edition gives the line—</p> + + <p>"There's Coley and Williams, and Howard and Hiff."</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Mr. Bolton Corney</span>, in his unrivalled edition + of Goldsmith's <i>Poetical Works</i>, 1846, has furnished the following + note:—"<i>Howard</i>=H. Howard? author of <i>The Choice Spirits + Museum</i>, 1765; <i>Coley</i>=Colman, says Horace Walpole; + <i>H—rth</i>=Hogarth? a surgeon of Golden Square; <i>Hiff</i>=Paul + Hiffernan, M.D., author of <i>Dramatic Genius</i>, &c." Mr. Peter + Cunningham, in his forthcoming edition of <i>Goldsmith</i>, will probably + tell us more.</p> + +</div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies.</h2> + +<h3>SCHOOL LIBRARIES.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 220. 395. 498.)</p> + + <p>When I mentioned the above subject in "N. & Q.," I admit that my + meaning may have taken too wide a signification. I, however, wrote + advisedly, my object being to draw the attention of those schools that + were in fault, and in the hope of benefiting those that desired to do + more. I suppose I must exonerate Tonbridge, therefore, from any + aspersion; and as it appears they are well provided, from Bacon and + Newton to <i>Punch</i> and the <i>Family Friend</i>, I am at a loss to + know how I can be of service.</p> + + <p>Of the defects in popular education I am as sensible as the rest of + the multitude appear to be, and my particular view of the case would, I + fear, be too lengthy a subject for these columns. It is quite clear, + however, that education is partial, and in some sort a monopoly; its + valuable branches being altogether out of the reach of more than half the + population, and the staple industry of the people not sufficiently + represented,—as, for instance, the steam-engine. In them there is + not sufficient concentration, if I may use the term, of instruction; and + the requirements of many arts and trades insufficiently carried out; the + old schools and old colleges much too classical and mathematical. If this + position is untrue, no popular scheme can be adopted at present; but it + appears more than probable that before long the subject will be brought + before the House of Commons, and education made accessible to all. As to + the money for the purpose, the country will never grudge that. The + obstacle appears to lie more in persuading the endless religious sects + into which we are divided to shake hands over the matter.</p> + + <p>At present my only desire is, that boys at public schools should have + plenty of books, being assured that reading while we are young leaves a + very strong and permanent impression, and cannot be estimated too highly; + besides which, if a youth has access to works suited to his natural bent, + he will unconsciously lay in a store of valuable information adapted to + his future career.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Weld Taylor.</span></p> + + <p>When I was at the College school, Gloucester, in 1794, there was a + considerable library in a room adjoining the upper school. I never knew + the books used by the boys, though the room was unlocked: in fact, it was + used by the upper master as a place of chastisement; for there was kept + the block (as it was called) on which the unfortunate culprits were + horsed and whipped. The library, no doubt, contained many valuable and + excellent works; but the only book of which I know the name as having + been in it (and that <!-- Page 641 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page641"></a>{641}</span>only by a report in the newspapers of the + day) was Oldham's <i>Poems</i>, which, after a fire which occurred in the + school-room, was said to have been the only book returned of the many + which had been taken away.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">P. H. Fisher.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Stroud.</p> + + <p>In Knight's <i>Life of Dean Colet</i> (8vo., London, 1724), founder of + St. Paul's School, there is a catalogue of the books in the library of + the school at the date specified. The number of the volumes is added up + at the end of the catalogue, in MS., and the total amount is 663 volumes. + The latest purchases bear the date of 1723, and are:—Pierson (sic) + <i>On the Creed</i>, Greenwood's <i>English Grammar</i>, and Terentius + <i>In usum Delphini</i>. The books for the most part are of a highly + valuable and standard character. Does the library still exist? have many + additions been made to it up to the present time? and is there a printed + catalogue of it?</p> + + <p class="author">J. M.</p> + + <p class="address">Oxford.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>TRENCH ON PROVERBS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 387. 519.)</p> + + <p>The error, which Luther was the first to fall into, in departing from + the anciently received version of Ps. cxxvii. 2., Mendelsohn adopted; but + no translator of eminence has followed these two Hebraists; although some + critics have been carried away by their authority to the proper Jewish + notion of "gain," and not sleep, being the subject. Luther's + version—"Denn seinen Freunden gibt er <i>es</i> + schlafend"—was certainly before the revisers of our authorised + version of James I.; but was rejected, I consider, as ungrammatical and + false: <i>ungrammatical</i>, because the transitive verb "give" + (<i>gibt</i>) has no accusative noun; and <i>false</i>, because he + supplies, without authority, the place of the missing noun by the pronoun + "it" (<i>es</i>), there being no antecedent to which this <i>it</i> + refers. Mendelsohn omits the <i>it</i> in his Hebrew comment, supplied + however unauthorisedly by <span class="sc">Mr. Margoliouth</span> in his + translation of such comment. But Mendelsohn introduces the "<i>es</i>" + (it), in his German version (Berlin, 1788, dedicated to Ramler), without + however any authority from the Hebrew original of this Psalm. He is + therefore at variance with himself. And, farther, he has omitted + altogether the important word <span lang="he" class="heb" title="KEIN" + ><bdo dir="rtl">כֵּן</bdo></span>‎ + (<i>so</i> or <i>thus</i>), rendered "<i>denn</i>" (for) by Luther.</p> + + <p>As to the "unintelligible authorised version," I must premise that no + version has yet had so large an amount of learning bestowed on it as the + English one; indeed it has fairly beaten out of the field all the + versions of all other sections of Christians. The difficulty of the + English version arises from its close adherence to the oriental letter; + but if we put the scope of this Psalm into the vernacular, such + difficulty is eliminated.</p> + + <p>Solomon says, in this Psalm: "Without Jehovah's support, my house will + fall: if He keep this city, the watch, with its early-risings, + late-resting, and ill-feeding, is useless: <i>thus He</i> (by so keeping + or watching the city himself) <i>gives sleep to him whom He loves</i>." + The remainder of the Psalm refers to the increase of population as + Jehovah's gift, wherein Solomon considers the strength of the city to + consist. The words in Italics correspond precisely in sense with those of + the authorised version—"<i>For</i> so He giveth His beloved sleep;" + and the latter is supported fully by all the ancient versions, and, as + far as I can at present ascertain, by all the best modern ones.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Lichfield.</p> + + <p>What is there <i>unintelligible</i> in the authorised translation of + Psalm cxxvii. 2., "He giveth His beloved sleep?" It is a literal + translation of three very plain words, of the simplest grammatical + construction, made in accordance with all the ancient versions. A + difficulty there does indeed exist in the passage, viz. in the commencing + word <span lang="he" class="heb" title="KN" ><bdo + dir="rtl">כן</bdo></span>‎; but this word, though + capable of many <i>intelligible</i> meanings, does not enter into the + present question. Since the great majority of critics have been contented + to see no objection to the received translations, it is perfectly + allowable to maintain that the proposed rendering makes, instead of + removing, a difficulty, and obscures a passage which, as generally + understood, is sufficiently lucid. Hengstenberg's difficulty is, that the + subject is not about the <i>sleep</i>, but the <i>gain</i>. But is not + sleep a gain? Can we forget the <span title="hupnou dôron" class="grk" + >ὕπνου + δῶρον</span> of Homer? that is, sufficient, + undisturbed sleep, rest. Hengstenberg's remark, that all, even the + beloved, must labour, is a mere truism. The Psalmist evidently opposes + excessive and over-anxious labours, interfering with natural rest, to + ordinary labour accompanied with refreshing sleep. The object of his + censure is precisely the <span title="merimna" class="grk" + >μέριμνα</span> which forms the subject of + our Lord's warning; who censures not due care and providence, but + over-anxiety. Burkius rightly remarks, that <span lang="he" class="heb" + title="SHN'" ><bdo dir="rtl">שנא</bdo></span>‎ + is antithetical to <i>surgere, sedere, dolorum</i>. Hammond observes, + with far more clearness and good sense than Hengstenberg,</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"For as to the former of these, wicked men that incessantly moil, and + cark, and drudge for the acquiring of it, and never enjoy any of the + comforts of this life, through the vehement pursuit of riches, are + generally frustrated and disappointed in their aims: whereas, on the + contrary, those who have God's blessing thrive insensibly, become very + prosperous, <i>and yet never lose any sleep in the pursuit of + it</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Bishop Horne agrees; his remarks having evident reference to + Hammond's. So Bishop <!-- Page 642 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page642"></a>{642}</span>Horsley, more briefly, but with his usual + force: "You take all this trouble for your security in vain, whilst He + gives His beloved sleep." Dr. French and Mr. Skinner adhere to the same + sense in their translation, and pertinently refer to Psalms iii. and iv., + in which the Psalmist, though beset by enemies, lies down and takes his + rest, defended by God his Keeper. So far, indeed, from seeing anything + unintelligible, I see no obscurity, either of expression or connexion, in + this view, but very great obscurity in the double ellipsis now proposed. + In the received translation we have a transitive verb, and a noun, + obviously its accusative, according to the natural sequence and simple + construction of the Hebrew language. In the proposed rendering we must + understand an accusative case after <i>giveth</i> (i.e. <i>bread</i>, as + Rosenmüller and others observe), and a particle before <i>sleep</i>. The + transitive verb has no subject; the noun nothing to govern it. We must + guess at both.</p> + + <p>As for the alleged instances of ellipses, I maintain they are not + analogous. I cannot call to mind any which are; and if any of your + correspondents would show some they would do good service. Hengstenberg's + examples of <span lang="he" class="heb" title="TSRB" ><bdo + dir="rtl">צרב</bdo></span>‎, <span lang="he" + class="heb" title="BQR" ><bdo + dir="rtl">בקר</bdo></span>‎, &c. are surely + not in point. We have a similar ellipsis, often used in idiomatic + English, <i>morning</i>, <i>noon</i>, and <i>night</i>; but who would say + <i>sleep</i>, instead of <i>in sleep</i>, or <i>while asleep</i>? The + ellipses in the Psalms, in the Songs of Degrees themselves, are very + numerous, but they are of a different nature; and neither the position + nor the nature of the word <span lang="he" class="heb" title="SHN'" ><bdo + dir="rtl">שנא</bdo></span>‎ warrants that now + defended, as far I can remember.</p> + + <p>May I remark, by the way, that the Psalm falls rather into three + strophes than into two. The first speaks of the raising up of the house, + and of the city (an aggregation of houses), protected by the Almighty. + The last is in parallelism to the first, though, as often happens, + expanded; and speaks of the raising up of the family, and of the family + arrived at maturity, the defenders of the city, through the same + protecting Providence. The central portion is the main and cardinal + sentiment, viz. the vanity of mere human labour, and the peace of those + who are beloved of God.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Jebb.</span></p> + + <p>There is a proverb which foretells peril to such as interpose in the + quarrels of others. But as neither Mr. Trench, nor E. M. B., nor <span + class="sc">Mr. Margoliouth</span>, have as yet betrayed any disposition + to quarrel about the question in dispute, a looker-on need not be afraid + of interposing.</p> + + <p>The Query, about the solution of which they differ, is the proper mode + of rendering the last clause of v. 2. Ps. cxxvii. In our Liturgy and + Bible it is rendered, "<i>For</i> so He giveth His beloved sleep;" of + which E. M. B. says, "It seems to me to be correct;" though he justly + observes that "He will give" would be more close. Mr. Trench appears to + have rendered it, "He giveth His beloved <i>in their</i> sleep." <span + class="sc">Mr. Margoliouth</span> says "the words should be, He will give + to His beloved <i>whilst he</i> [the beloved] <i>is</i> asleep." In each + case the Italics, as usual, designate words not existing in the Hebrew + text.</p> + + <p>When expositors would get through a difficult passage, their readers + have, not unfrequently, the vexation of finding that a word of some + importance has been ignored. Such has been the case here with the little + word <span lang="he" class="heb" title="KN" ><bdo + dir="rtl">כן</bdo></span>‎, which introduces the + clause. Its ordinary meaning is <i>so</i>; and the office of the word + <i>so</i>, in such a position, is to lead the remind to revert to what + has been previously said, as necessary to the proper application of what + follows. Now, the Psalmist's theme was the vanity of all care and labour, + unless the Lord both provide for and watch over His people; <i>for</i> so + He will give His beloved sleep—that happy, confiding repose which + the solicitude of the worldly cannot procure. This is, surely, + intelligible enough and even if <span lang="he" class="heb" title="KN" + ><bdo dir="rtl">כן</bdo></span>‎ may be translated + <i>for</i> (which Noldius, in his <i>Concordantia Particularum</i>, + affirms that it here may, adducing however but one dubious instance of + its being so used elsewhere, viz. Jeremiah xiv. 10.), or if the various + reading, <span lang="he" class="heb" title="KY" ><bdo + dir="rtl">כי</bdo></span>‎, be accepted, which would + mean <i>for</i>, our version of the clause will be quite compatible with + either alteration.</p> + + <p>In this concentrated proposition are contained, the mode of giving, + <i>so</i>; the character of the recipient, <i>his beloved</i>; and we + reasonably expect to be next told what the Lord will give, and the text + accordingly proceeds to say, <i>sleep</i>. Whereas, if either Mr. + Trench's or <span class="sc">Mr. Margoliouth</span>'s version of the + clause could properly be accepted, the gift would remain entirely + unmentioned; after attention had been called to the giver, to his mode of + giving, and to the recipient who might expect his bounty. But whilst Mr. + Trench is constrained to interpolate <i>in their</i>, apparently + unconscious that the Hebrew requires <i>beloved</i> to be in the singular + number, <span class="sc">Mr. Margoliouth</span> translates <span + lang="he" class="heb" title="SHN'" ><bdo + dir="rtl">שׁנא</bdo></span>‎ as if it were + a participle, which Luther seems also to have heedlessly done. Yet unless + <span lang="he" class="heb" title="SHN'" ><bdo + dir="rtl">שׁנא</bdo></span>‎ be a noun, + derived with a little irregularity from <span lang="he" class="heb" + title="YSHN" ><bdo + dir="rtl">ישׁן</bdo></span>‎, <i>he + slept</i>, it has nothing to do with sleep. It cannot be the participle + of <span lang="he" class="heb" title="YSHN" ><bdo + dir="rtl">ישׁן</bdo></span>‎, for that + verb has a participle in the usual form, not wanting the initial <span + lang="he" class="heb" title="Y" ><bdo + dir="rtl">י</bdo></span>‎, which occurs in several places in + the Old Testament, and is used by Mendelsohn in the very sentence <span + class="sc">Mr. Margoliouth</span> has quoted from that Jewish expositor. + The critic who will not acknowledge <span lang="he" class="heb" + title="SHN'" ><bdo + dir="rtl">שׁנא</bdo></span>‎ to be a noun + in this clause, is therefore tied up to translating it as either the + participle or the preterite of <span lang="he" class="heb" title="SHN'" + ><bdo dir="rtl">שׁנא</bdo></span>‎, <i>to + change</i>, or <i>to repeal</i>, and would thus make the clause really + unintelligible.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry Walter.</span></p> + +<p><!-- Page 643 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page643"></a>{643}</span></p> + + <p>N. B. inquires, whether the translation of Psalm cxxvii. 2. adopted by + Mr. Trench has the sanction of any version but that of Luther. I beg + leave to inform him that the passage was translated in the same manner by + Coverdale: "For look, to whom it pleaseth Him He giveth it in sleep." De + Wette also, in modern times, has "Giebt er seinen Geliebten im + Schlafe."</p> + + <p>Vatablus, in his Annotations, approves of such a rendering: "Dabit in + somno dilectis suis." It has also been suggested in the notes of several + modern critics.</p> + + <p>Not one of the ancient versions sanctions this translation.</p> + + <p>The sense of the passage will be much the same whichever of these + translations be adopted. But the common rendering appears to me to + harmonise best with the preceding portion of it.</p> + + <p class="author">S. D.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>MAJOR ANDRÉ.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 174. 604.)</p> + + <p>The following extracts and cuttings from newspapers, relative to the + unfortunate Major André, may interest your correspondent <span + class="sc">Serviens</span>. I believe I have some others, which I will + send when I can lay my hand upon them. I inclose a pencil copy of the + scarce print of a sketch from a pen-and-ink drawing, made by André + himself on Oct. 1, 1780, of his crossing the river when he was taken:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"<i>Visit to the Grave of André.</i>—We stopped at Piermont, on + the widest part of Tappan Bay, where the Hudson extends itself to the + width of three miles. On the opposite side, in full view from the hotel, + is Tarrytown, where poor André was captured. Tradition says that a very + large white-wood tree, under which he was taken, was struck by lightning + on the very day that news of André's death was received at Tarrytown. As + I sat gazing on the opposite woods, dark in the shadows of moonlight, I + thought upon how very slight a circumstance often depends the fate of + individuals and the destiny of nations. In the autumn of 1780, a farmer + chanced to be making cider at a mill on the east bank of the Hudson, near + that part of Haverstraw Bay called 'Mother's Lap.' Two young men, + carrying muskets, as usual in those troubled times, stopped for a draught + of sweet cider, and seated themselves on a log to wait for it. The farmer + found them looking very intently on some distant object, and inquired + what they saw. 'Hush, hush!' they replied; 'the red coats are yonder, + just within the Lap,' pointing to an English gun-boat, with twenty-four + men, lying on their oars. Behind the shelter of a rock, they fired into + the boat, and killed two persons. The British returned a random shot; but + ignorant of the number of their opponents, and seeing that it was useless + to waste ammunition on a hidden foe, they returned whence they came with + all possible speed. This boat had been sent to convey Major André to the + British sloop-of-war Vulture, then lying at anchor off Teller's Point. + Shortly after André arrived, and finding the boat gone, he, in attempting + to pass through the interior, was captured. Had not those men stopped to + drink sweet cider, it is probable that André would not have been hung; + the American revolution might have terminated in quite a different + fashion; men now deified as heroes might have been handed down to + posterity as traitors; our citizens might be proud of claiming descent + from Tories, and slavery have been abolished eight years ago, by virtue + of our being British Colonies. So much may depend on a draught of cider! + But would England herself have abolished slavery had it not been for the + impulse given to free principles by the American revolution? Probably + not. It is not easy to calculate the consequences involved even in a + draught of cider, for no fact stands alone; each has infinite relations. + A very pleasant ride at sunset brought us to Orange Town, to the lone + field where Major André was executed. It is planted with potatoes, but + the plough spares the spot on which was once his gallows and his grave. A + rude heap of stones, with the remains of a dead fir tree in the midst, + are all that mark it; but tree and stones are covered with names. It is + on an eminence commanding a view of the country for miles. I gazed on the + surrounding woods, and remembered that on this selfsame spot, the + beautiful and accomplished young man walked back and forth, a few minutes + preceding his execution, taking an earnest farewell look of earth and + sky. My heart was sad within me. Our guide pointed to a house in full + view, at half a mile's distance, which he told us was at that time the + head-quarters of General Washington. I turned my back suddenly upon it. + The last place on earth where I would wish to think of Washington is at + the grave of André. I know that military men not only sanction but + applaud the deed; and, reasoning according to the maxims of war, I am + well aware how much can be said in his defence. That Washington + considered it a duty, the discharge of which was most painful to him, I + doubt not. But, thank God, the instincts of any childhood are unvitiated + by any such maxims. From the first hour I read of the deed, until the + present day, I never did, and never could, look upon it as otherwise than + cool, deliberate murder. That the theory and practice of war commends the + transaction, only serves to prove the infernal nature of war itself.... A + few years ago, the Duke of York requested the British Consul to send the + remains of Major André to England. At that time two thriving firs were + found near the grave, and a peach-tree; which a lady in the neighbourhood + had planted there, in the kindness of her heart. The farmers who came to + witness the interesting ceremony generally evinced the most respectful + tenderness for the memory of the unfortunate dead, and many of the + children wept. A few idlers, educated by militia trainings and Fourth of + July declaration, began to murmur that the memory of General Washington + was insulted by any respect shown to the remains of André; but the offer + of a treat lured them to the tavern, where they soon became too drunk to + guard the character of Washington. It was a beautiful day, and these + disturbing spirits being removed, the impressive ceremony proceeded in + solemn silence. <!-- Page 644 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page644"></a>{644}</span>The coffin was in good preservation, and + contained all the bones, with a small quantity of dust. The roots of the + peach-tree had entirely interwoven the skull with their fine network. His + hair, so much praised for its uncommon beauty, was tied, on the day of + his execution, according to the fashion of the times. When his grave was + opened, half a century afterwards, the riband was found in perfect + preservation, and sent to his sister in England. When it was known that + the sarcophagus containing his remains had arrived in New York, for + London, many ladies sent garlands and emblematic devices, to be wreathed + around it, in memory of the 'beloved and lamented André.' In their + compassionate hearts, the teachings of nature were unperverted by maxims + of war, or that selfish jealousy which dignifies itself with the name of + patriotism. Blessed be God, that custom forbids women to electioneer or + fight. May the sentiment remain till war and politics have passed away! + Had not women and children been kept free from their polluting influence, + the medium of communication between earth and heaven would have been + completely cut off. At the foot of the eminence where the gallows had + been erected, we found an old Dutch farm-house, occupied by a man who + witnessed the execution, and whose father often sold peaches to the + unhappy prisoner. He confirmed the account of André's uncommon personal + beauty, and had a vivid remembrance of the pale but calm heroism with + which he met his untimely death."—From Miss Child's <i>Letters from + New York</i>.</p> + + <p>"<i>André.</i>—At the little town of Tappan, the unfortunate + Major André, condemned by the council of war as a spy, was executed and + buried. His remains were disinterred a few years ago, by order of the + English Government, carried to England, and, if I mistake not, deposited + in Westminster Abbey; whilst the remains of General Frazer, who fell like + a hero, at the head of the King's troops, lie without a monument in the + old redoubt near Still Water. The tree that grew over André's grave was + likewise sent to England; and, as I was told, planted in the King's + Garden, behind Carlton Palace."—Duke of Weimar's + <i>Travels</i>.</p> + + <p>"<i>Disinterment of Major André</i>.—This event took place at + Tappan on Friday, 10th inst., at one p. m., amidst a considerable + concourse of ladies and gentlemen that assembled to witness this + interesting ceremony. The British Consul, with several gentlemen, + accompanied by the proprietor of the ground and his labourers, commenced + their operations at eleven o'clock, by removing the heap of loose stones + that surrounded and partly covered the grave. Great caution was observed + in taking up a small peach-tree that was growing out of the grave, as the + Consul stated his intention of sending it to his Majesty, to be placed in + one of the Royal Gardens. Considerable anxiety was felt lest the coffin + could not be found, as various rumours existed of its having been removed + many years ago. However, when at the depth of three feet, the labourers + came to it. The lid was broken in the centre, and had partly fallen in, + but was kept up by resting on the skull. The lid being raised, the + skeleton of the brave André appeared entire; bone to bone, each in its + place, without a vestige of any other part of his remains, save some of + his hair, which appeared in small tufts; and the only part of his dress + was the leather string which tied it.</p> + + <p>"As soon as the curiosity of the spectators was gratified, a large + circle was formed; when Mr. Eggleso, the undertaker, with his assistants, + uncovered the sarcophagus, into which the remains were carefully removed. + This superb depository, in imitation of those used in Europe for the + remains of the illustrious dead, was made by Mr. Eggleso, of Broadway, of + mahogany; the pannels covered with rich crimson velvet, surrounded by a + gold bordering; the rings of deep burnished gold; the pannel also crimson + velvet, edged with gold; the inside lined with black velvet; the whole + supported by four gilt balls.</p> + + <p>"The sarcophagus, with the remains, has been removed on board his + Majesty's packet; where, it is understood, as soon as some repairs on + board are completed, an opportunity will be afforded of viewing + it."—From the <i>New York Evening Post</i> of Aug. 11.</p> + + <p>"The remains of the lamented Major André have (as our readers already + know) been lately removed from the spot where they were originally + interred in the year 1780, at Tappan, New York, and brought to England in + the Phæton frigate by order of his Royal Highness the Duke of York. + Yesterday the sarcophagus was deposited in front of the cenotaph in + Westminster Abbey, which was erected by his late Majesty to the memory of + this gallant officer. The reinterment took place in the most private + manner, the Dean of Westminster superintending in person, Major-Gen. Sir + Herbert Taylor attending on the part of his Royal Highness the + Commander-in-Chief and Mr. Locker, Secretary to Greenwich Hospital, on + behalf of the three surviving sisters of the deceased."—From + newspaper of which the name and date have not been preserved.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">G. C.</p> + + <p>With many thanks for the obliging replies to my Query for information + concerning this gentleman, I would desire to repeat it in a more specific + form. Can none of your readers inform me whether there do not remain + papers, &c. of or concerning Major André, which might without + impropriety be at this late day given to the world; and if so, by what + means access could be had thereto? Are there none such in the British + Museum, or in the State Paper Offices? My name and address are placed + with the Editor of this journal, at the service of any correspondent who + may prefer to communicate with me privately.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Serviens.</span></p> + + <p>Major André occupied Dr. Franklin's house when the British army was in + Philadelphia in 1777 and 1778. When it evacuated the city, André carried + off with him a portrait of the Doctor, which has never been heard of + since. The British officers amused themselves with amateur theatricals at + the South Street Theatre in Southwark, then the only one in Philadelphia, + theatres being prohibited in the city. The tradition here is, that André + painted the scenes. They were <!-- Page 645 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page645"></a>{645}</span>destroyed with the theatre by fire about + thirty-two years ago.</p> + + <p class="author">M. E.</p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PASSAGE IN WHISTON.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 244. 397.)</p> + + <p>The book for which J.T. inquires is:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The Important Doctrines of Original Sin, Justification by Faith and + Regeneration, clearly stated from Scripture and Reason, and vindicated + from the Doctrines of the Methodists; with Remarks on Mr. Law's late + Tract on New Birth. By <i>Thomas</i> Whiston, A.B. Printed for John + Whiston, at the Boyle's Head, Fleet Street. Pp. 70."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>I do not know who the author was. Perhaps a son of the celebrated + <i>William</i> Whiston, six of whose works are advertised on the back of + the title-page; and whose <i>Memoirs</i>, Lond. 1749, are "sold by Mr. + Whiston in Fleet Street." If the passage cited by J. T. is all that + Taylor says of Thomas Whiston, it conveys an erroneous notion of his + pamphlet, which from pp. 49. to 70. is occupied by the question of + regeneration. I think his doctrine may be shortly stated thus: + Regeneration accompanies the baptism of adults, and follows that of + infants. In the latter case, the time is uncertain; but the fact is + ascertainable by the recipients becoming spiritually minded.</p> + + <p>Afterwards he says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"I cannot dismiss this subject without observing <i>another sense of + regeneration</i> in the Gospel. However, <i>this makes no alteration in + the doctrine I have before established</i>; because, with us, + regeneration and new birth are terms that bear the same exact meaning. + What I before delivered of the spiritual new birth or regeneration is + strictly true, though the word regeneration <i>is sometimes used in + another sense</i>. It is not to be there understood of a spiritual or + figurative birth, but of a literal and actual revival of the body from + corruption. But <i>this is not that new birth we have before inquired + after</i>, but only the assured and certain consequence of our preserving + ourselves to the end in that spiritual state or birth we have entered + into in this world. That I do not represent the sense of the word + regeneration unfairly, may be gathered from Matt. xix. 28., rightly + pointed and distinguished:</p> + + <p>"'And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, that ye which have + followed me (in the <i>regeneration</i>, when the Son of Man shall sit + upon the throne of his glory), ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, + judging the twelve tribes of Israel.' Here regeneration <i>is not to be + understood in the same sense as the new birth or regeneration mentioned + by our Saviour</i> (John iii.), from whence the new birth is to be + derived and stated; but, as I before observed, must be referred to a + literal restoration to life, <i>i. e</i>. either to the general + resurrection, or rather to the Millennium, when Christ is to reign upon + earth over the Saints for a thousand years, after the dissolution of the + present form of it. I make no doubt that this latter opinion is the + genuine sense of the text I have quoted from St. Matthew; and + consequently, that regeneration, <i>in this passage</i>, is to be applied + to the first resurrection of the dead, or to the supposed + Millennium."—Pp. 67, 68.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>The above will show that Thomas Whiston did not "<i>maintain</i> that + regeneration is a literal and physical being born again," in the sense + which the passage quoted by J. T. conveys. I have not seen Taylor's work + with the date 1746. As the name is common, and the pamphlets and sermons + of that time on original sin are innumerable, many Taylors may have + written besides the one mentioned by <span title="Halieus" class="grk" + >Ἁλιεύς</span>. J. T.'s Taylor + cannot be excused even on the ground of having read only a part of the + book he misrepresented: for he refers to p. 68., from which he must have + seen that Thomas Whiston there explained only an isolated passage.</p> + + <p class="author">H. B. C.</p> + + <p class="address">Garrick Club.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>HELMETS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 538.)</p> + + <p>The following observations upon the helmet, by Stephen Martin Leake, + Esq., Garter, may be acceptable to your querist S. N.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The helmet, called <i>galea</i> by the Greeks, <i>cassis</i> by the + Romans, is called <i>helm</i> (which signifies the head) by the Germans; + whence the French <i>heaume</i>, and our <i>helmet</i>. It is of great + account with the Germans: the helm and crest deriving their use from + tournaments, whence arms took their origin; and this being with them the + most essential mark of noblesse, neither the Germans nor French allow a + new made gentleman to bear a helmet, but only a wreath of his colours; + and when he is a gentleman of three descents, to bear a helmet with three + barrs for his three descents (Menestrier, <i>Abrégé méthodique des + Armoiries</i>, 1672, p. 28.; <i>Origine des Ornemens des Armoiries</i>, + p. 2.). <i>Tymbre</i> is the general word used for the casque or helm by + the French. Menestrier, in his <i>Origine des Ornemens des Armoiries</i>, + p. 13., says the modern heralds observe three things with regard to the + <i>tymbre</i>: the matter, the form, and the situation. That kings should + have their helmets of gold open, and in full front; princes and lords of + silver, and somewhat turned with a certain number of barrs, according to + their degree; gentlemen to have their helmets of steel, and in profile. + Colombiere assigns a knight a helmet bordered with silver, barons with + gold, counts and viscounts the like, and the barrs gold; marquisses the + helm same, and damasked with gold; dukes and princes the gold helmet, + damasked. And as to the barrs, new gentlemen without any; gentlemen of + three descents, three barrs; knights and ancient gentlemen, five; barons + seven; counts and viscounts nine; marquisses eleven. But Moreau, who + first propagated these inventions (<i>Origine des Ornemens des + Armoiries</i>, p. 17.), assigns to an emperor or king eleven, a prince or + duke nine, a marquis and count seven, a baron five: whence it seems there + is no <!-- Page 646 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page646"></a>{646}</span>certain rule or uniform practice observed + herein, unless in the situation of the helmet, wherein both the Germans + and French account it more noble to bear an open helmet than a close one; + but these are novel distinctions. Anciently, the helmets were all turned + to the right, and close; and it is but some years since, says Menestrier + (<i>Abrégé Méthodique</i>, 1672, p. 28.), that they began to observe the + number of grilles or barrs, to distinguish the different degrees. But + however ingenious these inventions are, it is certain that they are + useless (as gold and silver helmets would be) because every rank of + nobility is distinguished by the coronet proper to his degree. Whatever + honour may be attributed to the helmet, the use of it with the arms is + but modern; and upon the coins of kings and sovereign princes, where they + are chiefly to be met with, the helmets are barred, and either full or in + profile, as best suited the occasion; and upon the Garter plates of + Christian Duke of Brunswick (1625), Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden + (1628), and Charles Count Palatine of the Rhine (1633 and 1680), they are + full fronted with seven barrs.</p> + + <p>"In Great Britain we have but four kinds of helmets, according to the + four different degrees in the state—the king, the nobility, + knights, and gentry. The sovereign helmet full fronted, having seven + barrs or guards, visure without any bever; the nobilities the same, but + half turned to the right, and usually showing four barrs; the knight's + helmet full fronted, with the bever turned up; and the gentleman's in + profile, the bever or visor close; using steel helmets for all as the + only proper metal for a helmet common to all. Foreigners condemn us for + attributing that helmet to a knight, which they give to a king; and more + proper, says Mackensie, for a king without guard-visure than for a knight + (<i>Science of Heraldry</i>, p. 87.), because knights are in danger, and + have less need to command. But it must be observed, the knight's helmet + has a visor, and no barrs; the sovereign's barrs, because no visor. And + this kind of helmet, with barrs instead of a visor, seems to have been + contrived for princes and great commanders, who would have been + incommoded by the visor, and too much exposed without anything, therefore + had barrs: whereas knights being, according to Mackensie, in more danger + and having less need to command, had their helmet for action; and are + represented with the bever up, ready to receive the king or general's + command. As to the resemblance of the one to the other, both being in + full front, the connexion was not anciently so remote as seems at this + day. Knighthood is the first and most ancient military honour, and + therefore at this day sovereign princes and knights are the only two + honours universally acknowledged. Knighthood is the source of all + honours, and of all military glory, and an honour esteemed by and + conferred upon kings; without which they were heretofore thought + incomplete, and could not confer that honour on others, no more than + ordination could be conferred by one unordained: so that there was a very + near connexion between sovereignty and knighthood. And besides, the + propriety of the open helmet with a visor for a knight, and the helmet + guard-visure for a king, the latter is more ornamental, especially if, + according to the modern practice, the barrs are gold. As the king's + helmet is without a visor, and barred, so is that of the nobility in + imitation of it, but turned to the right as a proper distinction as, in + like manner, that of the gentry differs from the knights. As there are in + fact but two orders of men, nobility of which the king is the first + degree, and gentry of which knights are the first, so they are by this + means sufficiently distinguished according to their respective orders and + degrees: the first order distinguished by the barred helmet, the gentry + by the visored helmet with proper differences of the second degrees of + each class from the first; and all other distinctions more than this are + unnecessary and useless.</p> + + <p>"The helmet does not seem to have been formerly used but in a military + way, and affairs of chivalry. I do not find any helmets upon the + monuments of our Kings of England, nor upon other ancient monuments, nor + upon any of the Great Seals, coins, or medals. Upon the plates of the + Knights of the Garter at Windsor, all degrees used the old profile close + helmet till about 1588, some few excepted; and soon after, the helmet + with barrs came into fashion, and was used for all degrees of nobility, + and it has continued ever since; and the same has been used for all + degrees of nobility upon the plates of the Knights of the Bath, those + that are knights only using a knight's helmet. And the same may be + observed in Sir Edward Walker's <i>Books of the Nobility from the + Restoration to the Revolution</i>, wherein all degrees have the helmet + turned towards the right, showing four barrs; the sovereign's being full + with seven barrs."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author">G.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>HAMPDEN'S DEATH.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 495.)</p> + + <p>"On the 21st of July, 1828, the corpse of John Hampden was disinterred + by the late Lord Nugent for the purpose of settling the disputed point of + history as to the manner in which the patriot received his death-wound. + The examination seems to have been conducted after a somewhat bungling + fashion for a scientific object, and the facts disclosed were these: 'On + lifting up the right arm we found that it was dispossessed of its hand. + We might therefore naturally conjecture that it had been amputated, as + the bone presented a perfectly flat appearance, as if sawn off by some + sharp instrument. On searching under the cloths, to our no small + astonishment we found the hand, or rather a number of small bones, + inclosed in a separate cloth. For about six inches up the arm the flesh + had wasted away, being evidently smaller than the lower part of the left + arm, to which the hand was very firmly united, and which presented no + symptoms of decay further than the two bones of the forefinger loose. + Even the nails remained entire, of which we saw no appearance in the + cloth containing the remains of the right hand.... The clavicle of the + right shoulder was firmly united to the scapula, nor did there appear any + contusion or indentation that evinced symptoms of any wound ever having + been inflicted. The left shoulder, on the contrary, was smaller and + sunken in, as if the clavicle had been displaced. To <!-- Page 647 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page647"></a>{647}</span>remove all + doubts, it was adjudged necessary to remove the arms, which were + amputated with a penknife (!). The socket of the left (<i>sic</i>) arm + was perfectly white and healthy, and the clavicle firmly united to the + scapula, nor was there the least appearance of contusion or wound. The + socket of the right (<i>sic</i>) shoulder, on the contrary, was of a + brownish cast, and the clavicle being found quite loose and disunited + from the scapula, proved that dislocation had taken place. The bones, + however, were quite perfect.' These appearances indicated that injuries + had been received both in the hand and shoulder, the former justifying + the belief in Sir Robert Pye's statement to the Harleys, that the pistol + which had been presented to him by Sir Robert, his son-in-law, had burst + and shattered his hand in a terrible manner at the action of Chalgrave + Field; the latter indicating that he had either been wounded in the + shoulder by a spent ball, or had received an injury there by falling from + his horse after his hand was shattered. Of these wounds he died three or + four days after, according to Sir Philip Warwick. According to Clarendon, + 'three weeks after being shot into the shoulder with a brace of bullets, + which broke the bone.' The bone, however, was not found broken, and the + 'brace of bullets' is equally imaginary."</p> + + <p>This account is from a newspaper cutting of <i>The News</i>, August 3, + 1828.</p> + + <p class="author">W. S.</p> + + <p class="address">Northiam.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>PETER ALLAN.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 539. 630.)</p> + + <p>Peter Allan deserves more than a brief notice. His history is so full + of romance, the relics of his name and fame are so many, and he is withal + so little known, that I presume I may on this occasion trespass on more + than the ordinary space allotted to a "minor," but which should be a + "major" Query.</p> + + <p>Peter Allan was born at Selkirk (?) in the year 1798. His parents were + peasants, and Peter in early life became valet to Mr. Williamson, brother + of Sir Hedworth Williamson. He afterwards became gamekeeper to the + Marquis of Londonderry, and in that capacity acquired a reputation as an + unerring shot, and a man of unusual physical strength and courage. He + afterwards married, and became a publican at Whitburn, and in the course + of few years purchased a little property, and occupied himself in the + superintendence of dock works and stone quarries. In this latter capacity + he acquired the skill in quarrying, on which his fame chiefly rests. + Having a turn for a romantic life, he conceived the strange project of + founding a colony at Marsden, a wild, rocky bay below the mouth of the + Tyne, five miles from Sunderland, and three from South Shields. The spot + chosen by Peter as his future home had been colonised some years before + by one "Jack the Blaster," who had performed a series of excavations, and + amongst them a huge round perforation from the high land above to the + beach below, through which it is said many a cargo has passed ashore + without being entered in the books of the excise. Here the cliff is + formed of hard magnesian limestone, and rises perpendicularly from the + beach more than a hundred feet. When Peter set to work, the only + habitable portions were two wild caves opening to the sea, into which at + high tide the breakers tumbled, and where during rough weather it was + impossible to continue with safety. On the face of the rock Peter built a + homestead of timber, and set up farm and tavern. In the rock itself he + excavated fifteen rooms, to each of which he gave an appropriate name; + the most interesting are the "Gaol Room," the "Devil's Chamber," the + "Circular Room," the "Dining Room," and the "Ball Room." The height of + the entire excavation is twenty feet, its breadth thirty, and its length, + from the ball room to the cottage, one hundred and twenty. Several parts + of the cave are lighted by windows hewn in the face of the rock, and + these give the cave a picturesque appearance as viewed frown the beach + below. In addition to these labours, Peter took possession of a huge + table-rock, which stands some distance from the cliffs opposite to the + grotto. By dint of extraordinary exertions he excavated a passage from + the land side of this rock through its substance to the surface, and by + placing scaling ladders against its face, made provision for ascent and + descent at high water. The three-quarters of an acre of surface he + colonised with rabbits, and built a shanty for himself and companions, + where they dwelt for some time thinning the wild fowl with their deadly + shots, and raising many an echo with their shouts of revelry.</p> + + <p>To describe the strange scene presented by the grotto itself, the + farm-buildings on the face of the cliff, the huge table-rock and + flagstaff, the many quaint blocks, pillars and wild escarpments, and the + numerous domestic animals, such as mastiffs, pigs, ravens, and goats, all + congregated together in a small bay, and literally separated from the + world by the barren waste land above, and the huge cliffs and restless + sea below, would be beyond the scope of "N. & Q.," though it is worth + a note in passing, that for the tourist a visit to Marsden would be + highly remunerative.</p> + + <p>Peter Allan endured many hardships in his cave at Marsden. He was + accused of smuggling, and annoyed by the excise. He and his family were + once shut in for six weeks by the snow, during the whole of which time it + was impossible for any human being to approach them. Yet in spite of many + hardships, Peter reared in the grotto a family of eight children, three + daughters and five sons, all of whom are living and prospering in the + world. The grotto is still kept by his widow, his <!-- Page 648 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page648"></a>{648}</span>eldest son William, and + one daughter, assisting Mrs. Allan in the management The son William is + an experienced blaster, and occupies himself in excavations and + improvements; the daughter, a brunette, is a first-rate shot, and a girl + of extraordinary spirit and gaiety. She is the Grace Darling of the + neighbourhood, and both her and her mother have saved many lives by their + dexterity in boating and extraordinary courage. Peter himself was a bold, + determined, and honest man, fond of a joke, and passionately devoted to + bees, birds, pigs, and dogs, many of whom (pigs especially) used to + follow him to Shields and Sunderland, when he went thither. After + twenty-two years' possession of the caverns, the proprietor of the + adjoining land served him with a process of ejectment; Peter refused to + leave the habitation which he had formed by twenty years' unremitting + toil, and which he had actually won from the sea, without encroachment on + an inch of the mainland. After a tedious law-suit, judgment was given in + his favour, but he had to pay costs. The anxieties of this lawsuit broke + his heart, and he never recovered either health or spirits. He died on + the 31st of August, 1849, in the 51st year of his age, leaving his wife + and eight children to lament him. He was buried in Whitburn churchyard, + and over his grave was placed a stone with the inscription:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The Lord is my rock and my salvation."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Numerous memorials of Peter exist at the grotto, and in the + neighbourhood of Marsden. Particulars of these and other matters touching + this romantic history, may be obtained in No. 2. of <i>Summer Excursions + to the North</i>, published by Ward, of Newcastle; and in a paper + entitled <i>A Visit to Marsden Rocks</i>, contributed by myself to the + <i>Peoples Illustrated Journal</i>, No. XIV.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Shirley Hibberd.</span></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>"COULD WE WITH INK," ETC.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 127. 180. 422.)</p> + + <p>I think that your well-read correspondent <span class="sc">J. W. + Thomas</span> will agree with me that the <i>bonâ fide</i> authorship of + the beautiful lines alluded to must be ascertained, not by a single + expression, but by the whole of the charming poem. The striking + expression of Mohammed, quoted by <span class="sc">J. W. Thomas</span>, + is quite common amongst the Easterns even at the present day. I remember, + when at Malta, in March, 1848, whilst walking in company of the most + accomplished Arabian of the day, the conversation turned upon a certain + individual who had since acquired a most unenviable notoriety in the + annals of British jurisprudence, my companion abruptly turned upon me, + whilst at the shore of the Mediterranean, and said, in his fascinating + Arabic, "Behold this great sea! were all its water turned into ink, it + would be insufficient to describe the villany of the individual you speak + of."</p> + + <p>Rabbi Mayir ben Isaac's poem corresponds not merely in a single + expression, but in every one. The Chaldee hymn has the ink and ocean, + parchment and heavens, stalks and quills, mankind and scribes, &c. + Pray do me the favour to insert the original lines. I assure you that + they are well worthy of a place in "N. & Q." Here they are:</p> + + <div class="rtlpoem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p><span lang="he" class="heb" title="GBWRAN `ALMIYN LEIYH WLA' SIPEIQ PRIYSHWTA':" ><bdo dir="rtl">גְּבוּרָן עָלְמִין לֵיה וְלָא סִפֵּק פְּרִישׁוּתָא׃</bdo></span>‎</p> + <p><span lang="he" class="heb" title="GWIYL 'ILW RQIY`EIY QNY KAL CHWRSHATA':" ><bdo dir="rtl">גְּוִיל אִלּוּ רְקִיעֵי קְני כָּל חוּרְשָׁתָא׃</bdo></span>‎</p> + <p><span lang="he" class="heb" title="DYWO 'ILW YAMEIY WKAL MEIY KNIYSHWTA':" ><bdo dir="rtl">דְּיוֹ אִלּוּ יַמֵּי וְכָל מֵי כְנִישׁוּתָא׃</bdo></span>‎</p> + <p><span lang="he" class="heb" title="DAYREIY 'AR`A' SAPREIY WRASHMEIY RASHWATA':" ><bdo dir="rtl">דַּיְרֵי אַרְעָא סַפְרֵי וְרַשְׁמֵי רַשְׁוָתָא׃</bdo></span>‎</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p> </p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Moses Margoliouth.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Wybunbury.</p> + + <p>In the <i>Des Knaben Wunderhorn</i> there is something of the same + idea, though not quite to the same purpose:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Und wenn der Himmel papyrige wär,</p> + <p>Und e jede Sterne Schryber wär,</p> + <p>Und jedere Schryber hat siebesiebe Hand,</p> + <p>Ei schriebe doch alli mir Liebi Kesend!</p> + <p class="i4">Dursli und Babeli."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">G. H. R.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>WHAT DAY IS IT AT OUR ANTIPODES?</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p. 102.)</p> + + <p>This question was asked by H., and at p. 479. an answer to it was + undertaken by <span class="sc">Este</span>. But, probably from + over-anxiety to be very brief, <span class="sc">Este</span> was betrayed + into a most strange and unaccountable misstatement, which ought to be set + right before the conclusion of the volume; since, if correctness be + generally desirable in all communications to "N. & Q.," it is + absolutely indispensable in professed answers to required information. + <span class="sc">Este</span> says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A person sailing to our Antipodes westward will lose twelve hours; by + sailing thither eastward he will gain twelve hours."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This is quite correct. But if one person lose twelve, and another gain + twelve, the manifest difference between them is twenty-four; and yet + <span class="sc">Este</span> goes on to say:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"If both meet together at the same hour, say eleven o'clock, the one + will reckon 11 <span class="scac">A.M.</span>, the other 11 <span + class="scac">P.M.</span>"</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>This is the misstatement. No two persons, by any correct system of + reckoning, could arrive at a result which would imply a physical + impossibility; and it is needless to say that the concurrence of <span + class="scac">A.M</span>. and <span class="scac">P.M</span>. at the same + time and place would come under that designation. What <span + class="sc">Este</span> should have said is, that both persons meeting + <!-- Page 649 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page649"></a>{649}</span>together on the same day, if it be + reckoned Monday by the one, it will be reckoned Tuesday by the other. + They may differ as to Monday or Tuesday, but they cannot rationally + differ as to whether it is day or night.</p> + + <p>It may be added that, no matter where these two persons might meet, + whether at the Antipodes or at any other place, still, upon comparing + their journals, there would always appear a day's difference between + them; and if they were to keep continually sailing on, one always towards + the west, and the other always towards the east, every time they might + meet or cross each other, they would increase the difference between them + by an additional day.</p> + + <p>Whence it follows, that if two ships were to leave England on the same + day, one sailing east by the Cape of Good Hope, and the other west by + Cape Horn, returning home respectively by the opposite capes; and if both + were to arrive again in England at the same time, there would be found in + the reckoning of the eastern vessel two entire days more than in that of + the western vessel. Nor would this difference be merely theoretic or + imaginary; on the contrary, it would be a real and substantial gain on + the part of the eastern vessel: her crew would have consumed two whole + rations of breakfast, dinner, and supper, and swallowed two days' + allowance of grog more than the other crew; and they would have enjoyed + two nights more sleep.</p> + + <p>But all this is not an answer to H's question; what he wants to know + is whether the day at the Antipodes is twelve hours in advance or in + arrear of our day and, whichever it is, why is it?</p> + + <p>But here H. is not sufficiently explicit. His question relates to a + practical fact, and therefore he should have been more particular in + designating the exact habitable place to which it referred. Our + Antipodes, strictly speaking, or rather the antipodal point to Greenwich + Observatory, is 180° of east (or west) longitude, and 51° 28′ + &c. of south latitude. But this is not the only point that differs by + exactly twelve hours in time from Greenwich; all places lying beneath the + meridian of 180°, "our Periæci" as well as "our Antipodes," are similarly + affected, and to them the same question would be applicable. H. is right, + however, in assuming that, with respect to that meridian, the decision + must be purely arbitrary. It is as though two men were to keep moving + round a circle in the same direction, with the same speed, and at + diametrically opposite points; it must be an arbitrary decision which + would pronounce that either was in advance, or in arrear, of the + other.</p> + + <p>Regarding, then, the meridian of 180° as the neutral point, the most + rational system, so far as British settlements are concerned, is to + reckon longitude both ways, from 0° to 180°, east and west from + Greenwich; and to regard all west longitude as in arrear of British time, + and all east longitude as in advance of it. And this is the method + practised by modern navigators.</p> + + <p>It is not, however, in obedience to any preconceived system, but by + pure accident, that our settlements in Australia and New Zealand happen + to be in accordance with this rule. The last-named country is very close + upon the verge of eastern longitude, but still it is within it, and its + day is rightly in advance of our day. But the first settlers to Botany + Bay, in 1788, were actually under orders to go out by Cape Horn, and were + only forced by stress of weather to adopt the opposite course by the Cape + of Good Hope. Had they kept to their prescribed route, there cannot be a + doubt that the day of the week and month in Australia would now be a day + later than it is.</p> + + <p>The best proof of the truth of this assertion is, that a few years + afterwards a missionary expedition was sent out to Otaheite, with respect + to which a precisely similar accident occurred; they could not weather + Cape Horn, and were forced to go round, some twice the distance out of + their way, by the Cape of Good Hope; consequently they carried with them + what may be called the eastern day, and since then that is the day + observed at Otaheite, although fully two hours within the western limit + of longitude.</p> + + <p>From this cause an actual practical anomaly has recently arisen. The + French authorities in Tahiti, in accordance with the before-mentioned + rule, have arranged their day by <i>western longitude</i>; consequently, + in addition to other points of dissent, they observe the Sabbath and + other festivals one day later than the resident English missionaries.</p> + + <p>I have extended this explanation to a greater length than I intended, + but the subject is interesting, and not generally well understood; to do + it justice, therefore, is not compatible with brevity. Much of what I + have said is doubtless already known to your readers; nevertheless I hope + it may be useful in affording to H. the information he required, and to + <span class="sc">Este</span> more fixed notions on the subject than he + seems to have entertained when he wrote the answer referred to.</p> + + <p class="author">A. E. B.</p> + + <p class="address">Leeds.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h2> + + <p><i>Aceto-Nitrate of Silver.</i>—I have collected together + several ounces of aceto-nitrate of silver that has been used to excite + waxed paper (iodized by <span class="sc">Mr. Crookes'</span> method), and + should be glad to know whether it can be used again for the same + purpose.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Leachman.</span></p> + +<div class="note"> + <p>[The aceto-nitrate <i>may</i> be used, but in our own practice we do + not do so. It is apt to give an unpleasant brownish colour. The solutions + of silver, <!-- Page 650 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page650"></a>{650}</span>whether used for albumenising or + otherwise, being reduced to a state of chloride by the addition of common + salt so long as any precipitate is formed: fine silver may then be + readily obtained by heating a crucible, the chloride consisting of + three-fourths of pure metal. It is a false economy to use dirty or + doubtful solutions, and by adopting the above course the pecuniary loss + is very trifling. Our ordinary stoves will not always give a sufficient + heat, but any working jeweller or chemist having the ordinary furnace + would accomplish it.]</p> + +</div> + + <p><i>On the Restoration of old Collodion.</i>—Many plans have been + suggested for the restoration of collodion when it has lost its + sensitiveness by age. In the last Number of the <i>Photographic + Journal</i>, p. 147., <span class="sc">Mr. Crookes</span> proposes "to + remove the free iodine from the collodion by means of a piece of pure + silver. For two ounces of liquid I should recommend a sheet of stout + silver foil, about two inches long and half an inch broad. It will + require to remain in contact with the collodion for about two days, or + even longer if the latter be very dark-coloured; and in this case it will + sometimes be found advantageous to clean the surface of the silver, as it + becomes protected with a coating of iodide, by means of cyanide of + potassium or hyposulphite of soda.</p> + + <p>"When thus renovated, the collodion will be found as sensitive and + good as it was originally."</p> + + <p>This plan is certainly more simple than any that has yet been + recommended. The action of the silver being its mere combination with the + free iodine, thereby producing the reduction of the collodion to its + original colourless condition, I would venture to put this question to + <span class="sc">Mr. Crookes</span> (to whom the readers of "N. & Q." + are already under great obligations): Does he consider that it is the + mere presence of free iodine which causes the want of sensitiveness in + the collodion? This is all which appears to be accomplished by the + process which Mr. Crookes recommends.</p> + + <p>Now, as one who has had some experience, both in the manufacture and + uses of collodion, such a view does not agree with my practice and + observation. Occasionally, upon sensitising collodion, I have found it + assume a deep sherry colour a few hours after being made. This must have + depended upon the free iodide it contained, and yet such collodion has + worked most admirably. I have now before me a large body of collodion + almost red, and which has been made some three or four months; yet the + last time I used this, about a week since, it was just as good as when it + was first made. Undoubtedly collodion does more or less deteriorate with + age; but here I would observe, that there is an immense difference in the + different manufactures of collodion, and which can be ascertained by use + only, and not by appearance.</p> + + <p>But Mr. Hennah, who has had much practical experience, recommends the + collodion to be made sensitive merely by the iodide of potassium; and he + said, "if it did not work quite clearly and well, a little tincture of + iodine brought it right." Here, then, is added the very thing which <span + class="sc">Mr. Crookes</span> proposes to abstract.</p> + + <p>Again, <span class="sc">Mr. Crookes</span> considers the free iodine + to be the cause of the colouring of the collodion; will he then kindly + explain its <i>modus operandi</i>?</p> + + <p>As he has on several occasions given your readers the benefit of his + great chemical knowledge, I trust they may be favoured by him with a + solution of these difficulties, which have puzzled</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">An Amateur.</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2> + + <p><i>Admissions to Inns of Court</i> (Vol. viii., p. 540.).—The + following particulars may be of service to your correspondent who + requires information upon the subject of the matriculations at the inns + of court.</p> + + <p>The books of Lincoln's Inn, which record the calls to the bar and + other proceedings of the Society, commence in the second year of the + reign of Henry VI., 1423. Those of the Inner Temple, which contain the + admittances in 1547, and the calls to the bar in 1590; of the Middle + Temple, which contain a regular series of admissions and calls, about the + year 1600; and of Gray's Inn, about the year 1650. The earlier records of + Gray's Inn were destroyed by fire, but the Harleian MS. No. 1912., in the + British Museum, contains:</p> + + <p>An alphabetical list of gentlemen admitted to that society, with the + dates of their admission, from 1521 to 1674.</p> + + <p>Table of the admittances into Gray's Inn, declaring the names of the + gentlemen, the town and country whence they came, and the day, month, and + year when admitted, from the year 1626 to 1677.</p> + + <p>Arms and names of noblemen and knights admitted to the said + society.</p> + + <p>An alphabetical list of all persons called to the bar by the said + society.</p> + + <p>The Lansdowne MS. No. 106., which is also in the British Museum, + contains:</p> + + <p>Names of benchers, associates, utter barristers, &c. of Lincoln's + Inn, and the same of the Inner Temple; and of the students of the several + Inns of Court, apparently about the end of the reign of Elizabeth.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Jas. Whishaw.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Gower Street.</p> + + <p>The MS. Harl. 1912. contains the admissions to Gray's Inn.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. Steinman Steinman.</span></p> + + <p><i>Inedited Lyric by Felicia Hemans</i> (Vol. viii., p. 629.)—A + surviving relative of the authoress in question begs to answer to the + correspondent of "N. & Q." who has produced this lyric from an + imperfect MS. original, that the piece has not remained inedited, but is + to be found in the several complete editions of Mrs. Hemans's works + published by Blackwood. The playful signature of the letter alluded to, + as well as the subject of the lyric, it may be added, was suggested by + some conversation respecting the fanciful creatures of <!-- Page 651 + --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page651"></a>{651}</span>fairy-land, + with whose ideal queen the authoress affected sportively to identify + herself, and hence signed the little poem, produced rather as a <i>jeu + d'esprit</i> than anything else, "Mab." In its subsequently corrected + form, as admitted in the editions of her works, it is here subjoined:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><i>Water Lilies: A Fairy Song.</i></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Come away, Elves! while the dew is sweet,</p> + <p>Come to the dingles where fairies meet;</p> + <p>Know that the lilies have spread their bells</p> + <p>O'er all the pools in our forest dells;</p> + <p>Stilly and lightly their vases rest</p> + <p>On the quivering sleep of the water's breast,</p> + <p>Catching the sunshine through the leaves that throw</p> + <p>To their scented bosoms an emerald glow;</p> + <p>And a star from the depths of each pearly cup,</p> + <p>A golden star, unto heav'n looks up,</p> + <p>As if seeking its kindred where bright they lie,</p> + <p>Set in the blue of the summer sky.</p> + <p>Come away, under arching boughs we'll float,</p> + <p>Making those urns each a fairy boat;</p> + <p>We'll row them with reeds o'er the fountains free,</p> + <p>And a tall flag-leaf shall our streamer be.</p> + <p>And we'll send out wild music so sweet and low,</p> + <p>It shall seem from the bright flower's heart to flow;</p> + <p>As if 'twere a breeze with a flute's low sigh,</p> + <p>Or water-drops train'd into melody,</p> + <p>Come away! for the midsummer sun grows strong,</p> + <p>And the life of the lily may not be long."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p> + + <p><i>Derivation of Britain</i> (Vol. viii., p. 344.).—Since my + last reference to this matter (Vol. viii., p. 445.) I find that the + derivation of the name of <i>Britain</i> from <i>Barat-anach</i> or + <i>Brat-anach</i>, a land of tin, originated in conjecture with Bochart, + an oriental scholar and French protestant divine in the first half of the + seventeenth century. It certainly is a very remarkable circumstance that + the conjecture of a Frenchman as to the origin of the name of + <i>Britain</i> should have been so curiously confirmed, as has been shown + by <span class="sc">Dr. Hincks</span>, through an Assyrian medium.</p> + + <p class="author">G. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Stansted, Montfichet.</p> + + <p><i>Derivation of the Word Celt</i> (Vol. viii., p. 271.).—If + C. R. M. has access to a copy of the Latin Vulgate, he will find the word + which our translators have rendered "an iron pen," in the book of Job, + chap. xix. v. 24., there translated <i>Celte</i>. Not having the book in + my possession, I will not pretend to give the verse as a quotation.<a + name="footnotetag2" href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p> + + <p class="author">T. B. B. H.</p> + +<div class="note"> + <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a + href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a> + <p>24. Stylo ferreo, et plumbi laminâ, vel <i>celte</i> sculpantur in + silice?</p> + +</div> + <p>"<i>Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira</i>" (Vol. viii., p. + 539.).—I happen to have by me a transcript of the record in which + this word occurs; and it is followed immediately by another almost + equally astounding, which F. J. G. should, I think, have asked one of + your correspondents to translate while about the other. The following is + the word: <i>Arademaravasadeloovaradooyou</i>. They both appear to be + names of estates.</p> + + <p class="author">H. M.</p> + + <p class="address">Peckham.</p> + + <p><i>Cash</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524.).—In <i>The Adventures of + the Gooroo Paramartan</i>, a tale in the Tamul language, accompanied by a + translation and a vocabulary, &c., by Benjamin Babington London, + 1822, is the following: "Fanam or casoo is unnecessary, I give it to you + gratis." To which the translator subjoins: "The latter word is usually + pronounced <i>cash</i> by Europeans, but the Tamul orthography is used in + the text, that the reader may not take it for an English word."</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Christmas-boxes are said to be an ancient custom here, and I would + almost fancy that our name of box for this particular kind of present, + the derivation of which is not very easy to trace in the European + languages, is a corruption of buckshish, a gift or gratuity, in Turkish, + Persian, and Hindoostanee. There have been undoubtedly more words brought + into our language from the East than I used to suspect. <i>Cash</i>, + which here means small money, is one of these; but of the process of such + transplantation I can form no conjecture."—Heber's <i>Narrative of + a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India</i>. vol. i. p. 52.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Angelo, in his <i>Gazophylaceum Linguæ Persarum</i>, gives a Persian + word of the same signification and sound, as Italicè <i>cassa</i>, Latinè + <i>capsa</i>, Gallicè <i>caisse</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Bibliothecar. Chetham.</span></p> + + <p>"<i>Antiquitas Sæculi Juventus Mundi</i>" (Vol. viii., p. 502., + &c.).—The authority of Fuller ought, I think, to be sufficient + to establish that this saying was Bacon's own and not a quotation.</p> + + <p>Fuller thus introduces it: "As <i>one</i> excellently observes, + 'Antiquitas sæculi juventus mundi,'" &c., giving the remainder of the + paragraph from the <i>Advancement of Learning</i>; and refers in a note + to Sir Frances Bacon's <i>Advancement of Learning</i> (<i>Holy and + Profane State</i>, ch. vi.).</p> + + <p class="author">E. S. T. T.</p> + + <p><i>Caves at Settle, Yorkshire</i> (Vol. viii., p. 412.).—<span + class="sc">Brigantia</span> will find a very circumstantial and + interesting account of these caves, and their Romano-British contents, in + vol. i. of Mr. Roach Smith's <i>Collectanea</i>.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">G. J. De Wilde.</span></p> + + <p><i>Character of the Song of the Nightingale</i> (Vol. vii., p. 397.; + Vol. viii., pp. 112. 475.).—One poet, not so well known as he + deserves, has escaped the observation of those who have contributed to + your valuable pages the one hundred and seventy-five epithets which + others of his craft have applied to the "Midnight Minstrel." I allude to + the Rev. F. W. Faber, in his poem of the <i>Cherwell Water Lily</i>. This + poem his now become scarce, so I send you the lines to which I refer, as + the "summary of epithets" which they contain, as <!-- Page 652 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page652"></a>{652}</span>well as their intrinsic + beauty, render them worthy of notice:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"I heard the raptured nightingale,</p> + <p>Tell from yon elmy grove, his tale</p> + <p class="i1">Of jealousy and love,</p> + <p>In thronging notes that seem'd to fall,</p> + <p>As faultless and as musical,</p> + <p class="i1">As angels' strains above.</p> + <p>So sweet, they cast on all things round,</p> + <p>A spell of melody profound:</p> + <p>They charm'd the river in his flowing,</p> + <p>They stay'd the night-wind in its blowing,</p> + <p>They lull'd the lily to her rest,</p> + <p>Upon the Cherwell's heaving breast."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>To those interested in this subject, so full of historical and + classical, as well as poetical associations, I would mention that a late + Master of Caius College, Cambridge, the Rev. Dr. Davy, printed some years + since, for private circulation, a small pamphlet entitled <i>Observations + on Mr. Fox's Letter to Mr. Grey</i>, in which he refutes that eminent + statesman's theory of the <i>merry</i> note of the nightingale. This + pamphlet is so full of elegance and classical research, that it is much + to be regretted, not only that it has never been published, but that it + is the <i>only work</i> of the learned author—the friend and + associate of Porson, of Parr, and of Maltby. I possess a presentation + copy, which, as only a very few copies were printed, I would gladly lend + to any of your readers interested in this curious and long-pending + controversy.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Norris Deck.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Cambridge.</p> + + <p>Add to the already long list, this from Spenser:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"That blessed bird, that spends her time of sleep</p> + <p>In songs and plaintive pleas, the more t'augment</p> + <p>The memory of his misdeed that bred her woe."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>And this exquisite little song, written by I know not whom, but set to + music by Thomas Bateson in 1604:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"The Nightingale, as soon as April bringeth</p> + <p class="i1">Unto her rested sense a perfect waking,</p> + <p>While late bare earth proud of her clothing springeth,</p> + <p class="i1">Sings out her woes, a thorn her song-book making;</p> + <p>And mournfully bewailing,</p> + <p class="i1">Her throat in tunes expresseth,</p> + <p class="i1">While grief her heart oppresseth,</p> + <p>For Tereus' force o'er her chaste will prevailing."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. Gardiner.</span></p> + + <p><i>Inscriptions in Books</i> (Vol. viii., p. 64. &c.).—John + Bostock, sometime Abbat of St. Alban's, gave some valuable books to the + library of Gloucester Hall, Oxford, with these lines in the + commencement:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Quem si quis rapiat raptìm, titulumve retractet,</p> + <p>Vel Judæ laqueum, vel furcas sentiat. Amen."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Anon.</span></p> + + <p><i>Door-head Inscription</i> (Vol. viii., p. 454.).—A friend has + kindly sent me an improved version of the inscription over the gate of + the Apostolical Chancery, which, with his permission, I beg to forward to + you:—</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Fide Deo, dic sæpe preces, peccare caveto,</p> + <p>Sis humilis, pacem dilige, magna fuge,</p> + <p>Multa audi, dic pauca, tace abdita, scito minori</p> + <p>Parcere, majori cedere, ferre parem,</p> + <p>Propria fac, persolve fidem, sis æquus egenis,</p> + <p>Parta tuere, pati disce, memento mori."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">H. T. Ellacombe.</span></p> + + <p><i>Fogie</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 154. 256.).—In the citadel of + Plymouth, some twenty or twenty-five years since, there was a band of old + soldiers (principally men of small stature) who went by this name. They + were said to be the only men acquainted with all the windings and outlets + of the subterranean passages of this fortification.</p> + + <p>The cognomen "old fogie" is in this neighbourhood frequently applied + to old men remarkable for shrewdness, cunning, quaintness, or + eccentricity. This use of the term is evidently figurative, borrowed from + its application to veteran soldiers. Cannot some of the military + correspondents of "N. & Q." give the origin of the word?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Isaiah W. N. Keys.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Plymouth.</p> + + <p><i>Sir W. Hewet</i> (Vol. viii., p. 270.).—<span class="sc">Mr. + Griffith</span> will find in Thoresby's <i>Ducatus Leodinensis</i>, p. 2. + (Whittaker's edit.), a pedigree of the family of Osborne, which gives two + generations previous to Edward Osborne, who married Ann Hewet, + namely,—</p> + + <p>Richard Osborne, who married Elizabeth, daughter of —— + Fyldene, by whom he had Richard, who married Jane, daughter of John + Broughton of Broughton, Esq., and sister and heir to Edward and Lancelyn + Broughton.</p> + + <p>Sir Edward Osborne, Knight, Citizen, and Lord Mayor of London (1582), + who died in 1591, married Ann, daughter and sole heir of Sir William + Hewet, Lord Mayor of London, 1559, by whom he had Sir Hewet Osborne, born + 1567, died 1614. Sir Edward had a second wife, Margaret, daughter of + ——, who died in 1602.</p> + + <p>There is a note at the bottom of the page, quoted from a MS. in the + College of Arms, E 1. fol. 190., "That this descent was registered the + 30th March, 1568, when Hewet Osborne was the age of one year and ... + days."</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward Peacock.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Bottesford Moors, Kirton in Lindsey.</p> + + <p><i>Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 37. 83. 277. + 329.).—The difference between the fusil and the lozenge is well + known to all heralds, though coach-painters and silversmiths do not <!-- + Page 653 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page653"></a>{653}</span>always sufficiently describe it. If <span + class="sc">Broctuna</span>, however, be a <i>practical</i> herald, he + must often have experienced the difficulty of placing impalements or + quarterings correctly, even on a lozenge. On the long and narrow fusil it + would be impossible. When the fusil, instead of being a mere heraldic + bearing, has to be used as the shape of a shield for the actual use of + the painter or engraver, it must of necessity be widened into the + lozenge; and as the latter is probably only the same distaff with little + more wool upon it, there seems no objection to the arrangement. <span + class="sc">Broctuna</span> is too good an antiquary not to know on + recollection that the "vyings of widows" had little to do with funeral + arrangements in those days. Procrustes, the herald, came down at all + great funerals, and regulated everything with just so much pomp, and no + more, as the precise rank of the deceased entitled him to.</p> + + <p>P. P. had not the smallest intention of giving <span + class="sc">Broctuna</span> offence by pointing out what seems a fatal + objection to his theory.</p> + + <p> </p> + + <p>Hugh Clark, a well-known modern writer upon Heraldry, gives the + following definition of the word lozenge:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Lozenge, a four-cornered figure, resembling a pane of glass in old + casements: some suppose it a physical composition given for colds, and + was invented to reward eminent physicians."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>Plutarch says, in the <i>Life of Theseus</i>, that at Megara, an + ancient town of Greece, the tombstones, under which the bodies of the + Amazons lay, were shaped after that form, which some conjecture to be the + cause why ladies have their arms on lozenges.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ruby.</span></p> + + <p><i>The Crescent</i> (Vol. viii., p. 319.).—Be so good as to + insert in "N. & Q.," for the information of <span class="sc">J. W. + Thomas</span>, that the Iceni (a people of England, whose territory + consisted of the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, &c.) struck + coins both in gold and silver; having on their reverses crescents placed + back to back generally, except where a rude profile is on a few of + them.</p> + + <p>Two of the gold coins have fallen into my possession; one of which, + found at Oxnead in this county, I supplied to the British Museum some + years since. Twelve of the silver coins are figured on a plate in Part + LVII. of the <i>Numismatic Chronicle</i>. <span class="sc">Mr. + Thomas</span> observing (at p. 321.) he has no work on numismatics, + induces me to make this communication to him through your very useful and + instructive publication.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Goddard Johnson.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Norfolk.</p> + + <p><i>Abigail</i> (Vol. iv., p. 424. Vol. v., pp. 38. 94. + 450.).—The inquiry suggested in the first of the above references, + "Whence, or when, originated the application of Abigail, as applied to a + lady's maid?" has not yet, to my mind, been satisfactorily answered. It + occurs to me that it may have been derived from the notorious Abigail + Hill, better known as Mrs. Masham, a poor relative of Sarah Duchess of + Marlborough, and by her introduced to a subordinate place about the + person of Queen Anne. She rapidly acquired sufficient influence to + supplant her benefactress. The intrigues of the Tory party received + sufficient furtherance from this bedchamber official to effect ultimately + the downfall of the Whig ministry; and the use of the term by Dean Swift, + of which your original Querist <span class="sc">Mr. Warden</span> speaks, + would suffice to give currency and to associate the name of so famous an + <i>intriguante</i> with the office which she filled. It must be matter of + opinion whether the Dean (as <span class="sc">Mr. W.</span> thinks) + employed the term as <i>not new in those</i> days, or as one which had + <i>taken</i> so rapidly in the current conversation of the day, as to + require but his putting it in print to establish it in its new sense so + long as the language shall be spoken or written.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>Handbook to the Library of the British Museum</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 511.).—Neither Lord Seymour, nor <span class="sc">Mr. Bolton + Corney</span>, nor Mr. Richard Sims, can with justice claim originality + in the suggestion carried out by the latter gentleman in the publication + of his <i>Handbook to the Library of the British Museum</i>.</p> + + <p>In my own collection is a book entitled,—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A Critical and Historical Account of all the celebrated Libraries in + Foreign Countries, as well ancient as modern, with general Reflections on + the choice of Books," &c.... "A work of great use to all men of + letters. By a Gentleman of the Temple. London, printed for J. Jolliffe, + in St James's Street, <span class="scac">MDCCXXXIX</span>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>In the preface to which work the author says:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"It will be highly useful to such noblemen and gentlemen as visit + foreign countries, <i>by instructing them in the manner of perusing + whatever is curious in the Vatican and other famous libraries</i>."</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>And in which he promises that—</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"If it should meet with the approbation of the public, he (the author) + will proceed with the <i>libraries of these kingdoms</i>," &c.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">F. Seymour Haden.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Chelsea.</p> + + <p><i>The Arms of Richard, King of the Romans</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 265. + 454.). With every respect for such heraldic authorities as <span + class="sc">Mr. Gough</span> and <span class="sc">Mr. Lover</span>, I + think the question as to whether the so-called bezants in the arms of + Richard, King of the Romans, referred to his earldom of Poictou or of + Cornwall, inclines in favour of the former: for instance, in 1253 he + granted to the <!-- Page 654 --><span class="pagenum"><a + name="page654"></a>{654}</span>monks of Okebury a release of suit and + service within his manor of Wallingford, which charter has a seal + appended bearing an impress of the earl armed on horseback, with a + <i>lion rampant crowned</i> on his surcoat, inscribed "Sigillum Richardi + Comitis Cornubiæ." Now this inscription seems to identify the lion as + pertaining to the earldom of Cornwall; surely, if the bezants represented + this earldom, they would not have been omitted on his seal as <i>Comes + Cornubiæ</i>.</p> + + <p>Again, a very high heraldic authority, one of deep research, Mr. J. R. + Planché, gives this opinion on the subject:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"The border bezantée, or talentée, of Richard, King of the Romans, is + no representation of coins but of peas (<i>poix</i>), being the arms of + Poitiers or Poictou (Menestrier, <i>Orig.</i>, p. 147.), of which he was + earl, and not of his other earldom of Cornwall, as imagined by Sandford + and others. The adoption of bezants as the arms of Cornwall, and by so + many Cornish families on that account, are all subsequent assumptions + derived from the arms of Earl Richard aforesaid, the peas having been + promoted into bezants by being gilt, and become identified with the + Cornish escutcheon as the garbs of Blundeville are with that of Chester, + or the coat of Cantelupe with that of the see of Hereford."—<i>The + Pursuivant at Arms</i>, p. 136.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p>A simple Query then would seem to settle this matter. Is any instance + known of bezants occurring as the arms of Cornell previous to the time of + Earl Richard, or earlier than the commencement of the thirteenth + century?</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Norris Deck.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Cambridge.</p> + + <p><i>Greek and Roman Fortifications</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 469.).—J. H. J. will find some information on this subject in + Fosbroke's <i>Grecian and Roman Antiquities</i> (Longman, 1833).</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Scribe.</span></p> + + <p><i>Osbernus filius Herfasti</i> (Vol. viii., p. 515.).—In reply + to the Query of <span class="sc">Mr. Sansom</span>, "Whether Osborn de + Crespon, the brother of the Duchess of Normandy, had a brother of the + same name?" I beg to reply that there appears to be distinct evidence + that he had; for in a grant of lands by Richard II., Duke of Normandy, + who died in 1026, to the monks of St. Michael, there are, along with the + signatures of his son Richard and several other witnesses, those of + <i>Osbernus frater Comitissæ</i>, and <i>Osbernus filius Arfast</i> + (<i>Lobineau</i>, tom. ii. p. 97.). One of those may probably have become + Abbot of S. Evroult. No doubt <span class="sc">Mr. Sansom</span> is well + aware that one of the same family was Osborn, Bishop of Exeter. He was a + son of Osborn de Crespon, and brother of the Earl of Hereford, premier + peer of England. In 1066 he forbad the monks to be buried in the + cloisters of their monasteries; but they resisted his injunction, and, on + an appeal to the Pope, obtained a decision against him (<i>Mabillon</i>). + For an eulogium on him see Godwin, <i>De presul. Angl</i>. He died in + 1104, and was buried in the cathedral at Exeter.</p> + + <p>I would observe that the ancient orthography of the name is Osbern, + which was continued for many centuries, and may even now be seen in + Maidwell Church, Northamptonshire, on the monument of Lady Gorges, the + daughter of Sir John Osbern, who died in 1633.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Omicron</span>.</p> + + <p>I think there can be little doubt that Herfastus "the Dane" was the + father of Gunnora, wife of Rich. I., Duke of Normandy; of Aveline, wife + of Osbernus de Bolebec, Lord of Bolbec and Count of Longueville; and of + Weira, wife of Turolf de Pont Audomere. The brother of these three + sisters was another Herfastus, Abbot of St. Evrau; who was the father of + Osbernus de Crepon, Steward of the Household, and Sewer to the + Conqueror.</p> + + <p class="author">H. C. C.</p> + + <p><i>Devonianisms</i> (Vol. viii., p. 65.).—Your correspondent + <span class="sc">Mr. Keys</span> is at a loss for the origin of the word + <i>plum</i>, as used in Devonshire. Surely it is the same word as + <i>plump</i>, although employed in a somewhat different sense. + <i>Plum</i> or <i>plump</i>, as applied to a bed, would certainly convey + the idea of softness or downiness. As to the employment of the word as a + verb, I conceive that it is analogous to an expression which I have often + heard used by cooks, in speaking of meat or poultry, "to plump up." A + cook will say of a fowl which appears deficient in flesh, "It is a young + bird; it will plump up when it comes to the fire." A native of Devonshire + would simply say, "It will plum."</p> + + <p>As to the word <i>clunk</i>, it is in use throughout Cornwall in the + sense of "to swallow," and is undoubtedly Celtic. On referring to Le + Gonidec's <i>Dictionnaire Celto-Breton</i>, I find "<i>Lonka</i>, or + <i>Lounka</i>, v.a. <i>avaler</i>."</p> + + <p>I have neither a Welsh dictionary nor one of the ancient Cornish + language at hand, but I have no doubt that the same word, with the same + signification, will be found in both those dialects of the Celtic, + probably with some difference of spelling, which would bring it nearer to + the word <i>clunk</i>.</p> + + <p>It is not wonderful that a word, the sound of which is so expressive + of the action, should have continued in use among an illiterate peasantry + long after the language from which it is derived was forgotten; but many + pure Celtic words, which have not this recommendation, are still in + common use in Cornwall, and a collection of them would be highly + interesting. Could not some of your antiquarian correspondents in the + west, <span class="sc">Mr. Boase</span> of Penzance for example, furnish + such a list? I will mention one or two words which I chance to remember: + <i>mabyer</i>, a chicken, Breton <i>mab</i>, a son, <i>iar</i>, a hen; + <i>vean</i>, little, Breton <i>vihan</i>. <!-- Page 655 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page655"></a>{655}</span></p> + + <p>To persons acquainted with the Welsh or Breton, the names of places in + Cornwall, though sometimes strangely corrupted, are almost all + significant. The dialect of Celtic spoken in Cornwall appears to have + approached more closely to the latter than to the former of these + tongues; or perhaps, speaking more correctly, it formed a connecting link + between them, as Cornwall itself lies about midway between Wales and + Brittany.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edgar MacCulloch.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Guernsey.</p> + + <p><i>Gentile Names of the Jews</i> (Vol. viii., p. 563.).—The + names of Rothschild, Montefiore, and Davis are family names, and not + <i>noms de guerre</i>.</p> + + <p>It is possible that the honoured names of Rothschild and Montefiore + date from a purchase by some one of their ancestry of <i>Gentile castles + or lands</i>, and with it the purchase right of name.</p> + + <p>Davis is legitimately Jewish, but probably the Gentile name of Davis + cannot boast of its pure source, and no doubt where Gentile pedigree + loses trace, Jewish descent commences, either by a left-handed Jew + connexion with a Gentile fair one, or a renegade ancestry.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Israel ben Isaac.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Red Lion Square.</p> + + <p><i>Longevity</i> (Vol. viii., p. 113.).—On October 15, Judy, a + slave, died on the plantation of Edmund B. Richardson, in Bladen county, + North Carolina, aged 110 years. She was one of eight slaves who nearly + sixty years ago were the first settlers on the plantation, where she + died. Of the seven others, one died over 90 years of age, another 93, and + a third 81; two are living, one 75 and the other over 60 years of + age.</p> + + <p>Within five miles of the place where Judy died, William Pridgen lived, + who died about five years ago, aged 122 years.</p> + + <p>David Kennison, a soldier of the Revolution, died near Albany (N. Y.) + on the 24th of February, 1852, aged 117 years.</p> + + <p class="author">M. E.</p> + + <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p> + + <p><i>Reversible Names</i> (Vol. viii., p. 244.).—Emme might have + been added to your correspondent's list, a female name which, when first + known in England, was spelt as above written, and not Emma, as at the + present time. In an old book I have seen the name and its meaning thus + recorded,—in English, <i>Emme</i>; in French, <i>Emme, bonne + nourrice</i>.</p> + + <p>I must beg to differ in opinion from your correspondent, even with his + epicene restriction, who states "that <i>varium et mutabile semper + femina</i> only means that whatever reads backwards and forwards, the + same is <i>always feminine</i>."</p> + + <p>If M. will take the trouble to look in Boyle's <i>Court Guide</i> for + 1845, p. 358., he will find the name of a late very distinguished general + officer, Sir Burges Camac. A wealthy branch of this family is now + established in the United States, and one of its members bears the name + of Camac Camac.</p> + + <p>I am unable to give M. another instance, and doubt if one can be + easily found where the Christian and surnames of a gentleman are alike, + and both reversible.</p> + + <p class="author">W. W.</p> + + <p class="address">Malta.</p> + + <p><i>Etymology of Eve</i>.—Only one instance of a reversible name + seems to me at present among the <i>propria quæ maribus</i>, and that is + Bob. As, however, the name of our universal mother has been brought + forward, you will, perhaps, allow me to transcribe the following + remarkable etymology:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Omnes nascimur ejulantes, ut nostram miseriam exprimamus. Masculus + enim recenter natus dicit A; fœmina vero E; dicentes E vel A + quotquot nascuntur ab Eva. Quid est igitur <i>Eva</i> nisi <i>heu ha</i>? + Utrumque dolentis est interjectio doloris exprimens magnitudinem. Hinc + enim ante peccatum virago, post peccatum <i>Era</i> meruit appellari.... + Mulier autem ut naufragus, cum parit tristitiam habet," + &c.—<i>De Contemptu Mundi</i>, lib. i. c. 6., à Lothario, + diacono cardinali, S.S. Sergii et Bacchi, editus, qui postea Innocentius + Papa III. appellatus est.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">Balliolensis.</span></p> + + <p><i>Manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas</i> (Vol. viii., p. + 585.).—Allow me to correct a gross error into which I have been + led, by an imperfect concordance, in hastily concluding that the words + "In te Domine speravi, non confundar in æternum," were not in the Psalms, + as I have found them in the Vulgate, Psalms xxxi. 1. and lxxi. 1.</p> + + <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p> + + <p class="address">Lichfield.</p> + + <p><i>Binometrical Verse</i> (Vol. viii., pp. 292. 375.).—In answer + to these inquiries, the copyright of this united hexameter and pentameter + belongs to Mr. De la Pryme, of Trin. Coll., Cambridge, who is also the + author of another line which is both an alcaic and sapphic:</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Quando nigrescit sacra latro patrat."</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p class="author">X.</p> + + <p><i>Gale of Rent</i> (Vol. viii., p. 563.).—Gale [<i>Gavel</i>, + Sax., a rent or duty,] a periodical payment of rent. The Latin form of + the word is <i>gabellum</i>, and the French <i>gabelle</i>. (See + Wharton's <i>Law Lexicon</i>.)</p> + + <p class="author"><span title="Halieus" class="grk">Ἁλιεύς</span>.</p> + + <p class="address">Dublin.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2> + +<h3>NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.</h3> + + <p><i>The History of Millwall, commonly called the Isle of Dogs, + including Notices of the West India Docks and City Canal, and Notes on + Poplar, Blackwall, Limehouse,</i> <!-- Page 656 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page656"></a>{656}</span><i>and Stepney</i>, by + B. H. Cowper, is unquestionably one of the most carefully compiled, and + judiciously arranged, little topographical works, which we have ever been + called upon to notice. The intelligent M.P. who is recorded to have asked + a witness before a select committee for the <i>precise</i> locality of + the Isle of Dogs, and to have been satisfied with the answer "Between + London Bridge and Gravesend," may, if inclined to pursue his inquiries, + find its history told most fully and most agreeably in the little volume + now before us.</p> + + <p>In our Number for the 21st of May last, we called attention to, and + spoke in terms of fitting approbation of, the First Part of <i>The + English Bible</i>; containing the Old and New Testaments, according to + the authorised version; newly divided into paragraphs, with concise + Introductions to the several Books, and with Maps and Notes illustrative + of the Chronology, History, and Geography of the Holy Scriptures; + containing also the most remarkable variations of the Ancient Versions, + and the chief results of Modern Criticism. Part II., comprising + <i>Exodus</i> and <i>Leviticus</i>, is now before us, and exhibits the + same merits as its predecessor.</p> + + <p>Mr. Miller, of Chandos Street, who during the past year added to the + value of the Monthly Catalogues by the addition to each of them of + several pages of literary and bibliographical miscellanies, has just + collected these into a little volume, under the title of <i>Fly Leaves, + or Scraps and Sketches, Literary, Bibliographical, and Miscellaneous</i>, + which may find a fitting place beside Davis's <i>Olio</i>, and other + works of that class.</p> + + <p>We regret to learn, as we do from the <i>Literary Gazette</i> of + Saturday last, that the Trustees of the British Museum, in defiance of + the earnest recommendation of the Society of Antiquaries and of the + Archæological Institute, and with a total disregard of the feelings and + opinions of those best qualified to advise them upon the subject, have + declined to purchase the Faussett Collection of Early Antiquities, and + consequently will lose the Fairford Collection offered to them as a free + gift by Mr. Wylie: so that the enlightened foreigner, who visits this + great national establishment, and admiring its noble collections of + Greek, Roman, Egyptian, and Assyrian antiquities, asks, "but where are + your own national antiquities?" must still be answered, "We have not got + one!" They certainly do manage these things better in France and + Denmark.</p> + + <p>Our readers, we have no doubt, shared the regret with which we read + the advertisement in our columns last week from the Rev. Dr. Hincks, who, + from the want of encouragement, and in the face of peculiarly adverse + circumstances, is compelled to withdraw from the field of Assyrian + discovery; and who is advertising for some competent person who will work + out what he has in progress. Although Assyrian literature may at present + be discouraged by the Church and neglected by the Universities, there can + be little doubt that it must ere long assume a very different position: + and we therefore trust that some means may yet be taken to prevent Dr. + Hincks' withdrawal from a field of study in which he has been so + successful.</p> + + <p>As we have deviated from our usual course in noticing subjects + advertised in our pages, we take the opportunity of calling the attention + of our antiquarian friends to the advertisement from the Rev. G. Cumming + on the subject of the casts now making from the Runic Monuments in the + Isle of Man.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3> + + <p><span class="sc">Isaac Taylor's Physical Theory of another + Life.</span></p> + + <p>*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage + free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of + "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street.</p> + + <p>Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct + to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses + are given for that purpose:</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Bristol Drollery.</span> 1674.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Holborn Drollery.</span> 1673.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Hick's Grammatical Drollery.</span> 1682.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Oxford Jests.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Cambridge Jests.</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>C. S.</i>, 12. Gloucester Green, Oxford.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Mudie's British Birds.</span> Bohn. 1841. 2nd + Volume.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Waverley.</span> 1st Edition.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>F. R. Sowerby</i>, Halifax.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Dr. H. More's Philosophical Works</span> Lond. 1662. + Folio.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Hircher's Musurgia Universalis.</span> Romæ, 1650. 2 + Toms in 1. Folio.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>J. G.</i>, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton Street, Dublin.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Ormerod's Cheshire</span>, Parts II. and X. Small + Paper.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Hemingway's Chester</span>. Parts I. and III. Large + Paper.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>T. Hughes</i>, 13. Paradise Row, Chester.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Aaron Hill's Plain Dealer.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Edinburgh Miscellany</span>. Edinb. 1720.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>F. Dinsdale</i>, Leamington.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p><span class="sc">Laderchii Annales Ecclesiastici.</span> 3 Tom. Folio. + Romæ, 1728-37.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">The Bible</span> in Shorthand, according to the + method of Mr. James Weston, whose Shorthand Prayer Book was published in + the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, + 1687, would be given in exchange.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Loescher, De Latrociniis, quæ in Scriptores Publicos + solent committere hæretici.</span> 4to. Vitemb. 1674.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Loescher, Acta Reformationis.</span></p> + + <p><span class="sc">Schramm, Dissert. de Librorum Prohibitorum + Indicibus.</span> 4to. Helmst. 1708.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Jamesii Specimen Corruptelarum Pontific.</span> 4to. + Lond. 1626.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Macedo, Diatribe de Cardinalis Bonæ + Erroribus.</span></p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Wanted by <i>Rev. Richard Gibbings</i>, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>Notices to Correspondents.</h2> + + <p>No. 219.—<i>On Saturday, January 7, 1854, the opening Number of + our</i> New Volume <i>will contain numerous interesting papers by many of + our most distinguished Contributors.</i></p> + + <p><i>We are compelled to postpone until next week our usual</i> <span + class="sc">Notices To Correspondents</span>.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Index to Volume the Eighth.</span>—<i>This is + in a very forward state, and will, we trust, be ready for delivery + with</i> No. 221. <i>on the</i> 21<i>st of January</i>.</p> + + <p><i>Errata.</i>—Vol. viii., p. 444. col. 2. l. 45., for "nearly" + read "near;" p. 445. col. 1. l. 24., for "Severn" read "Levern," and (in + three places) for "Maywell" read "Maxwell;" p. 562. col. 1. l. 3., for + "Leaman" read "Seaman;" p. 568. l. 5. from the bottom, for "sine angulus" + read "sine angulis;" p. 594. col. 2. l. 28., after "Richard" insert "son + of," and l. 30., after "he" insert "(the Father)."</p> + + <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>published at noon on + Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that + night's parcels and deliver them to their Subscribers on the + Saturday.</i></p> + +<p><!-- Page 657 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page657"></a>{657}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h2>CHEAP EDITION OF THE LIVES OF THE QUEENS.</h2> + +<h3>NOTICE.</h3> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>With the Magazines, on the 1st of January, will be published, + beautifully printed in post 8vo., Embellished with FOURTEEN PORTRAITS, + including that of the Author, price 7s. 6d. elegantly bound, The FIRST + VOLUME of a NEW and CHEAP EDITION of the</p> + +</blockquote> + +<h2>LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND.</h2> + +<h3>By AGNES STRICKLAND.</h3> + + <p>This NEW and CHEAP EDITION, embellished with PORTRAITS of every QUEEN, + engraved from the most authentic Sources, and combining all other late + Improvements, will be regularly published and completed in EIGHT MONTHLY + VOLUMES POST OCTAVO: containing from 600 to 700 pages each, price only + 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> per volume, handsomely bound: and those who may + desire to obtain Copies on the Day of Publication, are requested to send + their Orders immediately to their respective Booksellers.</p> + + <p>Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, + 13. Great Marlborough Street, London; and to be had of all + Booksellers.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Standard Library for January.</span></p> + + <p>GOETHE'S NOVELS AND TALES, containing THE ELECTIVE AFFINITIES, THE + SORROWS OF WERTHER, THE GERMAN EMIGRANTS, THE GOOD WOMEN, and A + NOUVELETTE. Post 8vo. cloth. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, +Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's British Classics for January.</span></p> + + <p>ADDISON'S WORKS, with the Notes of BISHOP HURD. In 4 vols. Vol. I. + With Portrait and Eight Engravings on Steel. Post 8vo., cloth. 3<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, +Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's Classic Library for January.</span></p> + + <p>THE WORKS OF TACITUS, literally translated with Notes. In Two Volumes. + Vol. I. containing THE ANNALS. Post 8vo., cloth. 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, +Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Christmas Volume of Bohn's Illustrated Library.</span></p> + + <p>MARY HOWITT'S PICTORIAL CALENDAR OF THE SEASONS; exhibiting the + Pleasures, Pursuits, and Characteristics of Country Life, for every Month + in the Year; and embodying the whole of Aikin's Calendar of Nature. + Illustrated with upwards of one hundred engravings on wood. post 8vo. + cloth. 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, +Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">Bohn's British Classics For December.</span></p> + + <p>GIBBON'S ROMAN EMPIRE, with Variorum Notes, including, in addition to + the Author's own, those of Guizot, Wenck, and other foreign scholars. + Edited by an ENGLISH CHURCHMAN. In Six Volumes. Vol. I. Price 3<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>*** This edition contains every line and every letter of the original + work, without the slightest abridgment or mutilation. The additional + notes and illustrations are extensive, and wherever Gibbon's religious + views are opposed, as they often are, both sides of the argument are + given unflinchingly.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, +Covent Garden.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Price 9½<i>d.</i> sewed,</p> + + <p>CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL.—PART CXX. FOR JANUARY.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>W. & R. CHAMBERS,</p> + <p>London and Edinburgh.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Just published, price 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth, gilt.</p> + + <p>MARTIN LUTHER'S SPIRITUAL SONGS. Translated by R. MASSIE, ESQ., of + Eccleston.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>London: HATCHARD & SON.</p> + <p>Chester: PRICHARD, ROBERTS, & CO.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>CASSELL'S ILLUSTRATED FAMILY PAPER. Price One Penny. No. 2. was ready + for delivery December 28. 150,000 of No. 1. have been sold in little more + than a week. It contains Eight Pages the same size as the "Illustrated + London News," and filled with numerous highly-finished Engravings.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>J. CASSELL, Ludgate Hill.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Order of any Bookseller in the United Kingdom.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE SACRED GARLAND, or THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DELIGHT.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="hg3">"Pluck a Flower."</p> + </div> + </div> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>A New Edition of the above excellent and popular work will shortly be + published in large type, crown 8vo., and may be obtained of any + respectable bookseller in town or country.</p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>MILNER & SOWERBY, Halifax.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, +price 5<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS of NATURAL HISTORY, selected + from the "Microscopic Cabinet." by ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, in 8vo.; pp. 720; Plates 24; price 21<i>s.</i>, +or coloured, 36<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p>A HISTORY Of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing + Descriptions of every Species, British and foreign; the methods of + procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. + By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."—<i>Silliman's Journal.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, price 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>,</p> + + <p>MICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Reflecting and Solar Microscopes; + Eye-Pieces; Micrometers, &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, edited by the same, price 18<i>s.</i>,</p> + + <p>ENGLISH PATENTS; being a Register of all those granted in the Arts, + Manufactures, Chemistry, &c., during the first forty-five years of + this century.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>WHITTAKER & Co., Ave Maria Lane.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>APPROVED EDUCATIONAL WORKS +FOR +SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES.</h3> + + <p>ALLEN AND CORNWELL'S GRAMMAR. With very Copious Exercises, and a + Systematic View of the Formation and Derivation of Words, together with + Anglo-Saxon, Latin, and Greek Lists, which explain the Etymology of above + 7,000 English Words. Fifteenth Edition, 2<i>s.</i>, red leather; + 1<i>s.</i> 9<i>d.</i>, cloth.</p> + + <p>GRAMMAR FOR BEGINNERS. Twenty-second Edition, 1<i>s.</i> cloth, + 9<i>d.</i> sewed.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also,</p> + + <p>THE YOUNG COMPOSER; or, Progressive Exercises in English Composition. + Part I., comprising Sentence-making, Variety of Expression, and + Figurative Language; together with Appendices on Punctuation and the Use + of Capitals. By JAMES CORNWELL, Ph. D. Fifteenth Edition. 1<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also,</p> + + <p>A KEY TO THE YOUNG COMPOSER. With Hints as to the Mode of Using the + Book. Price 3<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also,</p> + + <p>SELECT ENGLISH POETRY. Edited by the late DR. ALLEN. Seventh Edition, + price 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also,</p> + + <p>DR. ALLEN'S EUTROPIUS. With a Complete Dictionary and Index of Proper + Names. New Edition, price 3<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also,</p> + + <p>A SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY. By JAMES CORNWELL, Ph. D. Fifteenth Edition. + 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; or with Thirty Maps on Steel, 5<i>s.</i> + 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, by the same,</p> + + <p>A SCHOOL ATLAS. Consisting of Thirty beautifully executed Maps on + Steel. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> plain, 4<i>s.</i> coloured.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Characterised by perspicuity, accuracy, careful and truly scientific + arrangement, and unusual condensation. In the hands of a good teacher, + these cannot but be highly efficient school-books. The qualities we now + indicate have secured to them extensive use, and Dr. Cornwell is now sure + of a general welcome to his labours, a welcome which the intrinsic + excellence of such books as these cannot but command."—<i>Christian + Times.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>London: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.; HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO.</p> + <p>Edinburgh: OLIVER & BOYD; W. P. KENNEDY.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">Second Edition, in cloth, 1<i>s.</i>; by post, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; +pp. 192.</p> + + <p>WELSH SKETCHES. Third (and last) Series. By the Author of "Proposals + for Christian Union."</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i4"><span class="sc">Contents:</span></p> + </div> + + <div class="stanza"> + <p>1. Edward the Black Prince.</p> + <p>2. Owen Glendower, Prince of Wales.</p> + <p>3. Mediæval Bardism.</p> + <p>4. The Welsh Church.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Abounds with the results of antiquarian researches, conducted in a + patient and intelligent spirit; and really forms an important + contribution to popular literature."—<i>Chester Courant.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Will be read with great satisfaction, not only by all sons of the + Principality, but by all who look with interest on that portion of our + island in which the last traces of our ancient British race and language + still linger."—<i>Notes and Queries.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">London: J. DARLING, 81. Great Queen +Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.</p> + +<p><!-- Page 658 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page658"></a>{658}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>SURREY ARCHÆOLOGICAL +SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="sc">President.</span>—His Grace the Duke of Norfolk.</p> + + <p>Gentlemen desiring to join the Society, are informed that Copies of + the Rules, List of Members (upwards of 250), and Forms of Application for + Admission, may be obtained from the Honorary Secretary.</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Subscriptions." title="Subscriptions."> +<tr><td class="hspcsingle"> </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> £ </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> <i>s.</i></td></tr> +<tr><td class="hspcsingle"> Annual Subscription </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 0 </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 10</td></tr> +<tr><td class="hspcsingle"> Composition for Life </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 5 </td><td class="hspcsingle" align="right"> 0</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>On and after January 1, 1854, an entrance fee of 10<i>s.</i> will be + required, from which those Members who join the Society during the + present month will be exempt.</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p class="i2">GEORGE BISH WEBB,</p> + <p class="i6">Honorary Secretary.</p> + <p>46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">TO ANTIQUARIES AND SECRETARIES +OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.</p> + + <p>THE REV. J. G. CUMMING, M.A., F.G.S., Vice-Principal of King William + College, Castletown, who is engaged in the Preparation of a Work on the + Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man, is superintending the labours of + an Italian Artist in taking Casts of the most beautiful and important + Runic Crosses, to be placed in the Insular Museum at the College: Parties + desiring Duplicates may obtain full particulars of cost, &c. by + application as above.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE.</p> + + <p>REV. DR. E. HINCKS would dispose of a number of Books and MSS. + connected with the Assyrian Language, and would also give viva voce + Instruction therein to a Gentleman who may be willing to devote himself + to this important Study; and who, from his age, antecedents, and present + position, may appear to him likely to succeed in it. Apply to him at the + Rectory, Killyleagh, Co. Down, before the 21st of January.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the + possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his + Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen + engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to + undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, + Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of similar Nature, in any Branch of + Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he + has had considerable experience.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS. +HATCHAM, SURREY.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE MOST COMFORTABLE NEW YEAR'S PRESENT is HEAL & SON'S EIDER DOWN + QUILT. It is the warmest, the lightest, and the most elegant Covering, + suitable for the Bed, the Couch, or the Carriage; and for Invalids, its + comfort cannot be too highly appreciated. It is made in Three Varieties, + of which a large Assortment can be seen at their Establishment. List of + Prices of the above, together with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free + by Post.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, +196. Tottenham Court Road.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.—EXPERIMENTAL +CHEMISTRY.</p> + + <p>AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets + and Portable Laboratories, 5<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, + 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 21<i>s.</i>, 31<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, 42<i>s.</i>, + 63<i>s.</i>, and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6<i>d.</i> "Illustrated + Descriptive Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29c. Rotherfield Street, + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Now ready, price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. + Dedicated by Special Permission to</p> + +<p class="cenhead">THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF +CANTERBURY.</p> + + <p>PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by + the Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged + for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for + the Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise <span + class="sc">System of Chanting</span>, by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor + and Organist to Her Majesty, 4to., neat, in morocco cloth, price 25s. To + be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on + the receipt of a Post-office Order for that amount: and, by order, of the + principal Booksellers and Music Warehouses.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our + Church and Cathedral Service."—<i>Times.</i></p> + + <p>"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this + country."—<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p> + + <p>"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well + merits the distinguished patronage under which it + appears."—<i>Musical World.</i></p> + + <p>"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting + of very superior character to any which has hitherto + appeared."—<i>John Bull.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, lately published,</p> + + <p>J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the + Chapel Royal St. James, price 2s.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>QUEENWOOD COLLEGE,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, HANTS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Principal</i>—GEORGE EDMONDSON.</p> + + <p><i>Mathematics and Natural Philosophy.</i>—Dr. Thos. A. Hirst, + of the Universities of Marburg and Berlin.</p> + + <p><i>Chemistry</i>—Dr. H. Debus, late Assistant in the Laboratory + of Professor Bunsen, and Chemical Lecturer in the University of + Marburg.</p> + + <p><i>Classics and History.</i>—Mr. John S. Mummery, L.C.P.</p> + + <p><i>Modern Languages and Foreign Literature.</i>—Mr. John Haas, + from M. de Fellenberg's Institution, Hofwyl, Switzerland.</p> + + <p><i>Geodesy.</i>—Mr. Richard P. Wright.</p> + + <p><i>Painting and Drawing.</i>—Mr. Richard P. Wright.</p> + + <p><i>English, and Junior Mathematics.</i>—Frederick Iliff, M.A., + late Scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, and M.C.P.</p> + + <p>DITTO.—Mr. William Singleton.</p> + + <p><i>Music.</i>—Mr. William Cornwall.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">TERMS.</p> + +<table class="nobctr" summary="Subscriptions." title="Subscriptions."> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">For Boys </td><td class="qspcsingle">under 12 years </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">of age </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">40<i>l.</i> </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">per ann.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle">from 12 to 16 </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">50 </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> "</td></tr> +<tr><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle">above 16 "</td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> " </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center">60 </td><td class="qspcsingle" align="center"> "</td></tr> +</table> + + <p>For further information see Prospectus, to be had of the + Principal.</p> + + <p>The First Session of 1854 commences on the 26th of January.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.—Containing Colours, Pencils, + &c., with printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price + 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>MILLER'S. Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56. Long Acre, London; and at + her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>SPECTACLES.—Every Description of SPECTACLES and EYE-GLASSES for + the Assistance of Vision, adapted by means of Smee's Optometer: that + being the only correct method of determining the exact focus of the + Lenses required, and of preventing injury to the sight by the use of + improper Glasses.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">BLAND & LONG. Opticians, 153. Fleet +Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">TO ARTISTS, ENGRAVERS, PRINTSELLERS, +ETC.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, 8vo., 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>THE LAWS OF ARTISTIC COPYRIGHT, AND THEIR DEFECTS. For the Use of + Artists, Sculptors, Engravers, Printsellers, &c. By D. ROBERTON + BLAINE, ESQ., of the Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">WORKS BY EDWARD JESSE, ESQ.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Now Ready.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE. +Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">II.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">JESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. +Seventh Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">III.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">JESSE'S FAVOURITE +HAUNTS. With Twenty Woodcuts. Post +8vo. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>FRASER'S MAGAZINE FOR JANUARY, price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, or by poet + 3<i>s.</i>, contains:</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>The Birth of the Year. By Frederick Tennyson.</p> + + <p>The Decline and Fall of the Corporation of London.—I. The + Constitution.</p> + + <p>Dr. Véron's Memoirs.</p> + + <p>General Bounce; or, The Lady and the Locusts. By the Author of "Digby + Grand." Chaps. I. and II.</p> + + <p>Lord Palmerston and the Presbytery of Edinburgh.</p> + + <p>The Freight of the Jacobina.</p> + + <p>A Visit to the Hospital for Sick Children.</p> + + <p>The Principle of the Grecian Mythology; or, How the Greeks made their + Gods.</p> + + <p>Young Germany.</p> + + <p>Cambridge Life according to C. A. Bristed. With Notes by P. + Jenkinson.</p> + + <p>Gallinaceana.</p> + + <p>A Few Words on Irish Antiquities.</p> + + <p>Derbyism.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, +West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>This Day, fcap 8vo., 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth, Vol. I. of the + POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN DRYDEN, with Historical and Illustrative Notes and + Biographical Memoir, containing New Facts and several Original Letters of + the Poet, now published for the first time, being the Commencement of a + New and Annotated Edition of the ENGLISH POETS. By ROBERT BELL. To be + continued in Monthly Volumes, price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> each, in + cloth.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, +West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Now ready, Vols. III. and IV. (price 28<i>s.</i> cloth) of THE JUDGES + OF ENGLAND and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Volume Three, 1272—1377.</p> + <p>Volume Four 1377—1485.</p> + </div> + </div> + + <p>Lately published, price 28<i>s.</i> cloth,</p> + + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <p>Volume One 1066—1199.</p> + <p>Volume Two 1199—1272.</p> + </div> + </div> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore + take its stand in the permanent literature of our + country."—<i>Gent. Mag.</i></p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">London: LONGMAN & CO.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">LINCOLN'S ONE HUNDREDTH CATALOGUE +OF BOOKS.</p> + + <p>W. S. LINCOLN, Cheltenham House, Westminster Road, London, has just + issued his ONE HUNDREDTH CATALOGUE (for January, 1854) of Cheap + Second-Hand English, Foreign, Classical, and Miscellaneous Books: a Copy + of which he will send Gratis and Post Free to any gentleman in Town or + Country who applies for the same. <!-- Page 659 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page659"></a>{659}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE +AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i></p> + + +<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors"> + <tr> + <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br /> + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.<br /> + G. H. Drew, Esq.<br /> + W. Evans, Esq.<br /> + W. Freeman, Esq.<br /> + F. Fuller, Esq.<br /> + J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p> + + </td> + <td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left"> + <p>T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> + J. Hunt, Esq.<br /> + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br /> + E. Lucas, Esq.<br /> + J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br /> + J. B. White, Esq.<br /> + J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p> + + </td> + </tr> +</table> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Trustees.</i>—W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.<br /> +<i>Physician.</i>—William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br /> +<i>Bankers.</i>—Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p> + + <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary + difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application + to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed + in the Prospectus.</p> + + <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share + in three-fourths of the Profits:—</p> + +<table width="35%" class="nobctr" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates"> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 17</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">14</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 32</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">10</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 22</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 37</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 27</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">4</td> +<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">5</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left"> 42</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">3</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td> +<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td> +</tr></table> + +<p class="cenhead">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p> + + <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material + additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON + BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land + Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building + Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and + Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life + Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>Solicitors' & General Life +Assurance Society,</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.</p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead"><i>Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + + <p>THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES:</p> + + <p>The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION.</p> + + <p>Exemption of the Assured from all Liability.</p> + + <p>Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives.</p> + + <p>Participating and Non-Participating Premiums.</p> + + <p>In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are + divided amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the + sum assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option.</p> + + <p>No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest + on Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account.</p> + + <p>POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of + fraud.</p> + + <p>At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of + nearly Two Per Cent. per annum on the <i>amount assured</i>, or at the + rate of from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the <i>Premiums + paid</i>.</p> + + <p>Policies share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been + paid.</p> + + <p>Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856.</p> + + <p>The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be + effected by applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at + the Office of the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite + information can be obtained.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic + Establishments.—The superiority of this preparation is now + universally acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and + principal scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto + no preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect + pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases + where a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale + price in separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and + Exported to any Climate. Full instructions for use.</p> + + <p><span class="sc">Caution.</span>— Each Bottle is Stamped with a + Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to + counterfeit which is felony.</p> + + <p>CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. The + Genuine is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label + bearing this Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL + MALL, Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of + all respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1<i>s.</i>, 2<i>s.</i>, and + 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>. each, through MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's + Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. Farringdon Street, + Wholesale Agents.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>POLICY HOLDERS in other COMPANIES and intending Assurers generally, + are invited to examine the Rates, Principles, and Progress of the + SCOTTISH PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only Society in which the Advantages + of Mutual Assurance can be secured by moderate Premiums. Established + 1837. Number of Policies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and a Half + Millions.</p> + + <p>Full Reports and every Information had (Free) on Application.</p> + + <p>*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp Duty; and attention is + invited to the circumstance that Premiums payable for Life Assurance are + now allowed as a Deduction from Income in the Returns for Income Tax.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">GEORGE GRANT. Resident Sec. +London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.—HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining + Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, + according to light.</p> + + <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the + choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their + Establishment.</p> + + <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used + in this beautiful Art.—123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description + of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, + Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and + other travelling requisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by Post + on receipt of Two Stamps.</p> + + <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their + Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new + Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best + articles of the kind ever produced.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class + X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all + Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold + London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver + Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, + 10, and 8 Guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior + Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's + Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch + skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, + 2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i> + each</p> + +<p class="cenhead">BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument +Maker to the Royal Observatory, the Board of +Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,<br /> +65. CHEAPSIDE.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHY.</p> + + <p>A COMPLETE SET OF APPARATUS for 4<i>l.</i> 4<i>s.</i>, containing an + Expanding Camera, with warranted Double Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a + Portable Stand, Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and Baths, complete.</p> + + <p>PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achromatic combination, from 1<i>l.</i> + 12<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Adjustment, from 25<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting Art, 1<i>s.</i>, by post + free, 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>French Polished MAHOGANY STEREOSCOPES, from 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> A + large assortment of STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same in Daguerreotype, + Calotype, or Albumen, at equally low prices.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES.</p> + + <p>Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE, with all the latest + improvement and apparatus, complete from 3<i>l.</i> 15<i>s.</i>, at</p> + +<p class="cenhead">C. BAKER'S. Optical and Mathematical Instrument +Warehouse, 264. High Holborn (opposite +Day & Martin's).</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.—An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most + celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of + the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission + 6<i>d.</i> A Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; + Three extra Copies for 10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, +168. NEW BOND STREET.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.—OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED + FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every other form of Camera, for the + Photographic Tourist, from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to + any Focal Adjustment, its Portability, and its adaptation for taking + either Views or Portraits.—The Trade supplied.</p> + + <p>Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing + Frames, &c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY. Charlotte Terrace, + Barnsbury Road, Islington.</p> + + <p>New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.—J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. + Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a + Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of + Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the + keeping properties and appreciation of half tint for which their + manufacture has been esteemed.</p> + + <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice + of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p> + + <p>THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price + 1<i>s.</i>, per Post, 1<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i> <!-- Page 660 --><span + class="pagenum"><a name="page660"></a>{660}</span></p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<h3>LITERARY GIFT BOOKS.</h3> + +<p class="cenhead">THE FOLLOWING MAY NOW BE HAD:—</p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">I.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">BYRON'S POETICAL +WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 10 vols. +30<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">II.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">BYRON'S POETICAL +WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with +Portrait and Vignette. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">III.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">BYRON'S POETICAL +WORKS. In Eight Pocket Volumes. 20<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">IV.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD. +Illustrated by a Portrait of Ada and +30 Vignettes. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">V.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">BYRON'S LIFE AND +LETTERS. With Plates and Vignettes. +6 vols. 18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">VI.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">BYRON'S LIFE AND +LETTERS. Complete in One Volume, with +Portraits and Vignette. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">VII.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">CRABBE'S LIFE AND +POEMS. With Plates and Vignettes. 8 vols. +24<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">VIII.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">CRABBE'S LIFE AND +POEMS. Complete in One Volume, with +Portrait and Vignettes. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">IX.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">BISHOP HEBER'S INDIAN +JOURNALS. 2 vols. 10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">X.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">BISHOP HEBER'S POEMS. +With Portrait. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XI.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">MILMAN'S POETICAL +WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 3 vols. +18<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XII.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">MILMAN'S WORKS OF +HORACE. Illustrated with 300 Vignettes by +Scharf. 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XIII.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">MILMAN'S LIFE OF HORACE. +With Woodcuts. 9<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XIV.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">LOCKHART'S ANCIENT +SPANISH BALLADS. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XV.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">LOCKHART'S LIFE OF +ROBERT BURNS. 3<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XVI.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">CROKER'S BOSWELL'S +JOHNSON. Complete in One Volume. Portraits. +15<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XVII.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">REJECTED ADDRESSES. +With Portrait and Woodcuts. 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XVIII.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">ALLAN CUNNINGHAM'S +POEMS AND SONGS. With Woodcuts. +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XIX.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">SIR HUMPHRY DAVY'S +CONSOLATIONS. With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XX.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">SIR HUMPHRY DAVY'S +SALMONIA. With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XXI.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">HALLAM'S LITERARY +ESSAYS AND CHARACTERS. 2<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XXII.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">BOOK OF COMMON +PRAYER. With 1000 Woodcuts, Initials, and +Coloured Borders. 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XXIII.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">SOUTHEY'S BOOK OF THE +CHURCH. 12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XXIV.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">WILKINSON'S ANCIENT +EGYPTIANS. With 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. +12<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XXV.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">BRAY'S LIFE OF STOTHARD. +Illustrated with Portrait, and 70 +Woodcuts. 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XXVI.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">THE FAMILY ARABIAN +NIGHTS. Illustrated with 600 Woodcuts by +Harvey. 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XXVII.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">JAMES' FABLES OF ÆSOP. +With 100 Woodcuts by Tenniel. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XXVIII.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">ESSAYS FROM "THE +TIMES." 4<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XXIX.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">THE FAIRY RING. With +Woodcuts by RICHARD DOYLE. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XXX.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">JESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE. +With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">XXXI.</span></p> + +<p class="cenhead">JESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. +With Woodcuts. 6<i>s.</i></p> + +<hr class="short" /> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVII. ADVERTISEMENTS for the forthcoming + Number must be forwarded to the Publisher by the 2nd, and BILLS for + insertion by the 4th, of January.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">DR. SMITH'S SCHOOL HISTORY OF +GREECE.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Now Ready, with 100 Woodcuts, 16mo., 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p> + + <p>A SCHOOL HISTORY OF GREECE: with Supplementary Chapters on the + Literature, Art, and Domestic Manners of the Greeks. By DR. WM. SMITH, + Editor of the "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities," &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street: and<br /> +WALTON & MABERLY, Upper Gower +Street and Ivy Lane.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">WILKINSON'S ANCIENT EGYPTIANS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, with 500 Woodcuts. 2 vols. Post +8vo. 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS: a Popular Account of their Manners and Customs, + revised and abridged from his larger Work. By SIR J. GARDNER + WILKINSON.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, a New Edition, with an Index, +Fcap. 8vo., 5<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">HANDBOOK OF FAMILIAR +QUOTATIONS, chiefly from ENGLISH +AUTHORS.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">ROBERTSON'S CHURCH HISTORY.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Now ready, 1 vol. 8vo., 12<i>s.</i></p> + + <p>THE HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH TO THE PONTIFICATE of GREGORY the + GREAT. A Manual for General Readers as well as for Students in Theology. + By REV. JAMES C. ROBERTSON, M.A., Vicar of Beakesbourne.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">MILMAN'S LIFE AND WORKS OF +HORACE.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, with Woodcuts, 8vo., 9<i>s.</i>, bound.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">LIFE OF HORACE. By the +REV. H. H. MILMAN, Dean of St. +Paul's.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">Also, uniform with the above, 8vo., 21<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">THE WORKS OF HORACE.</p> + + <p>Edited by DEAN MILMAN, and illustrated by 300 Engravings of Coins, + Gems, Statues, &c., from the Antique.</p> + +<blockquote class="b1n"> + + <p>"Not a page can be opened where the eye does not light upon some + antique gem. Mythology, history, art, manners, topography, have all their + fitting representative<i>s.</i> It is the highest praise to say, that the + designs throughout add to the pleasure with which Horace is + read."—Classical Museum.</p> + +</blockquote> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS.</p> + + <p>Now ready, a new and beautiful Edition, with 600 woodcuts by HARVEY, + One Volume, royal 8vo., price One Guinea.</p> + + <p>THE ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENT. Translated by EDWARD WILLIAM LANE, + ESQ., Author of the "Modern Egyptians," &c.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + +<p class="cenhead">This Day, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 10<i>s.</i></p> + +<p class="cenhead">ONCE UPON A TIME. By +CHARLES KNIGHT.</p> + +<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p> + +<hr class="full" /> + + <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10. + Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New + Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London: and + published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet + Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, + Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.—Saturday, December + 31. 1853.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 218, +December 31, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 31, 1853 *** + +***** This file should be named 29664-h.htm or 29664-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/9/6/6/29664/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 218, December 31, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: August 10, 2009 [EBook #29664] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, DEC 31, 1853 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +{637} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 218.] +SATURDAY, DECEMBER 31. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + St. Stephen's Day and Riley's Hoveden, by J. S. Warden 637 + + The Holy Trinity Church, Hull, by R. W. Elliot 638 + + MINOR NOTES:--Italian-English--American Names-- + Rulers of the World in 1853--Revocation of the Edict of + Nantes 638 + + QUERIES:-- + + Derivation of Silo, by Augustus Strong 639 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Handwriting--Rev. Joshua Brooks--"New + Universal Magazine"--Francis Browne--Advent Hymn--Milton's + Correspondence--"Begging the Question"--Passage of Cicero 639 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Goldsmith's "Haunch of Venison" 640 + + REPLIES:-- + + School Libraries, by Weld Taylor, P. H. Fisher, &c. 640 + + Trench on Proverbs, by T. J. Buckton, &c. 641 + + Major Andre 643 + + Passage in Whiston 645 + + Helmets 645 + + Hampden's Death 646 + + Peter Allan, by Shirley Hibberd 647 + + "Could we with ink," &c., by the Rev. Moses Margoliouth, &c. 648 + + What Day is it at our Antipodes? 648 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Aceto-Nitrate of + Silver--On the Restoration of old Collodion 649 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Admissions to Inns of Court-- + Inedited Lyric by Felicia Hemans--Derivation of Britain-- + Derivation of the Word Celt--"Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira"-- + Cash--"Antiquitas Saeculi Junentus Mundi"--Caves at Settle, + Yorkshire--Character of the Song of the Nightingale-- + Inscriptions in Books--Door-head Inscription--Fogie--Sir W. + Hewet--Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge--The Crescent-- + Abigail--Handbook to the Library of the British Museum--The + Arms of Richard, King of the Romans--Greek and Roman + Fortifications--Osbernus filius Herfasti--Devonianisms--Gentile + Names of the Jews--Longevity--Reversible Names--Etymology of + Eve--Manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas--Binometrical + Verse--Gale of Rent 650 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c 655 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 656 + + Notices to Correspondents 656 + + Advertisements 657 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +ST. STEPHEN'S DAY AND RILEY'S HOVEDEN. + +In Roger de Hoveden's account of the accident which proved fatal to +Leopold, Duke of Austria, the jailer of Richard I. (Bohn's edit., vol. ii. +p. 345.), St. Stephen's Day, on which it occurred, is twice stated to be +_before_ Christmas Day, instead of after it. Is this an error of the +author, or of translator?[1] or are they right, and was St. Stephen's +martyrdom in those times commemorated on a different day from what it now +is? I cannot find, on reference to the authorities within my reach, that +this last was the case. Mr. Riley does not notice the discrepancy at all. + +In the translation of this Volume, a few errors have come under my +observation, to which I beg to call Mr. R.'s attention: 1. In his note on +Corumphira's prophecy, at p. 36., he seems to forget that the Mahometan +year differs from the Julian by eleven or twelve days, and that in +consequence A. D. 1186 does not correspond to A. H. 564; in fact, the old +astrologer is perfectly correct in his chronology, more so than in his +predictions, many of which were signally falsified in the course of the +next few years. 2. A mountain frequently mentioned by his author as +projecting into the sea at the boundary of Catalonia and Valencia, and +called "Muncian," he says in a note at p. 151. is "probably Montserrat," +which is far from either the sea or the frontier; the maps of Spain all +show, near the town of Vinaros on the east coast, a hill on the sea-shore +called "Monte Sia," which still, as then, forms the boundary in that +direction between the two provinces. 3. In his note at p. 156. on "Mount +Gebel," the translator says, "he (the author) probably means Stromboli;" +surely the name of Mongibello, and the mention of Catania a few lines +farther down should have shown him that Etna only could be meant, although +part of the mistake is due to Hoveden himself, who talks of it as a +separate island from Sicily. Mr. Riley's other geographical notes are +generally {638} correct, though a little more pains might have greatly +increased their number, to the elucidation of his author's account of the +Crusaders' proceedings in the East. 4. At p. 249. a well-known passage from +Horace is ascribed to Juvenal. + +J. S. WARDEN. + +[Footnote 1: The text in the _Scriptores post Bedam_ reads:--"Eodam anno +die S. Stephani protomartyris _infra_ natale Domini."] + + * * * * * + +THE HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, HULL. + +There is an error in the heading of one of the architectural notes appended +to the _Proceedings of the Arch. Inst._ held at York in 1846. From the +description which is given (p. 38.), it is plain that the above church is +the one to which the note refers; not that of St. Mary's, which is the +title of the article. + +The material of the whole church is not, also, "brick with stone +dressings," as the note informs us, only the chancel, south porch, and +south transept; all the rest is of stone, and in a very sad state of +repair. A few years ago, the south transept was restored; but the +ornamental part was worked in such bad stone, that the crockets of the +pinnacles have already begun to moulder away. It is a curious fact, that +Bishop Lyttleton, who visited Hull in 1756 for the express purpose of +"examining the walls of the town, and the materials of which the Holy +Trinity Church is constructed," should have stated in the _Archaeologia_ +(vol. i. p. 146.) that there did not appear to be "_a single brick_ in or +about the whole fabric, except a few in the south porch, placed there of +late years." + +There is a matter of great archaeological interest connected with the part +of the church which is built of brick; for, as there is reason to believe +that the chancel was raised in the year 1285, there is good foundation for +the supposition, that Hull was "the first town to restore in this country +the useful art of brickmaking" (Frost's _Hull_, p. 138.). The walls of the +town, which were erected by royal licence in 1322, and still standing with +their gates and towers in the time of Leland and Camden, are described by +them as being of brick. Leland also says (_Itin._, edit. Hearne, fol. 53.) +that the greater part of the "houses of the town at that tyme (Richard II.) +was made al of brike." + +R. W. ELLIOT. + +Clifton. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Italian-English_ (Vol. viii., p. 436.).--The following wholesale +assassination of the English language was perpetrated in the form of a +circular, and distributed among the British residents at Naples in 1832: + + "Joseph the Cook, he offer to one illuminated public and most + particular for British knowing men in general one remarkable, pretty, + famous, and splendid collection of old goods, all quite new, excavated + from private personal diggings. He sells cooked clays, old marble + stones, with basso-relievos, with stewing-pots, brass sacrificing pots, + and antik lamps. Here is a stocking of calves heads and feets for + single ladies and amateurs travelling. Also old coppers and + candlesticks; with Nola jugs, Etruscan saucers, and much more + intellectual minds articles; all entitling him to learned man's + inspection to examine him, and supply it with illustrious protection, + of which he hope full and valorous satisfaction. + + "N. B.--He make all the old thing brand new for gentlemans who has + collections, and wishes to change him. He have also one manner quite + original for make join two sides of different monies; producing one + medallion, all indeed unique, and advantage him to sell by exportation + for strange cabinets and museums of the exterior potentates." + +V. T. STERNBERG. + +_American Names._--In the Journal of Thomas Moore, lately published in Lord +John Russell's memoirs of the poet, is the following passage, under date of +October 18, 1818: + + "Some traveller in America mentions having met a man called Romulus + Riggs; whether true or not, very like their mixture of the classical + and the low." + +The name was borne by a very respectable man, who, in the year 1801, was in +partnership with his brother Remus Riggs, as a broker in Georgetown, in the +district of Columbia. Romulus, who survived his brother, afterwards became +an eminent merchant in Philadelphia, where he died a few years ago. + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + +_Rulers of the World in 1853._--Perhaps the following table, which I have +recently met with in a foreign journal, may be thought of sufficient +interest to make a Note of. In these unsettled times, and in case of a +general war, how much might it be changed! + +There are at present eighty-three empires, monarchies, republics, +principalities, duchies, and electorates. + +There are six emperors, including his sable highness, Faustin I. of St. +Domingo; sixteen kings, numbering among them Jamaco, King of all the +Mosquitoes, and also those of Dahomey and the Sandwich Islands; five +queens, including Ranavalona of Madagascar, and Pomare of the Society +Islands; eighteen presidents, ten reigning princes, seven grand dukes, ten +dukes, one pope, two sultans, of Borneo and Turkey; two governors, of Entre +Rios and Corrientes; one viceroy, of Egypt; one shah, of Persia; one imaun, +of Muscat; one ameer, of Cabul; one bey, of Tunis; and lastly; one +director, of Nicaragua. + +W. W. + +Malta. + +{639} + +_Revocation of the Edict of Nantes._--The immense loss sustained by France +in all her great interests, as affecting her civil and religious liberties, +her commerce, trade, arts, sciences, not to speak of the unutterable +anguish inflicted upon hundred of thousands of individuals (among whom were +the writer's maternal ancestors,--their name, Courage), by the revocation +of the Edict of Nantes, has lately called into action the pens of some +industrious and talented men of letters, among whom M. Weiss is one of the +most meritorious. His interesting work, I observe, is about to receive an +English dress. In the shape of a Note through your medium, in order that +the translator may avail himself of information which, possibly, may not +have reached him, it should be known that Mr. William Jones, one of the +highly respected and accomplished _employes_ of the British Museum, has +written a letter to the _Journal des Debats_ (inserted in its number of +Nov. 30, and signed with his name), containing farther information of a +painfully-absorbing nature, from documents in the Museum, respecting the +_dragonnades_, and the sufferings and persecutions of a French pastor. + +JOHN MACRAY. + +Oxford. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +DERIVATION OF SILO. + +Can you or any of your correspondents inform me what is the derivation of +the word _silo_? + +For many years after the colony of New South Wales was founded, it was +almost wholly dependent upon the mother country for such supplies of grain, +&c. as were necessary for the life and health of its inhabitants; and, +consequently, store ships were regularly despatched from our shores to +Sydney. + +It happened however that, in consequence of wrecks and other disasters, the +colonists were, on more than one occasion, reduced to the greatest +distress, and starvation almost began to stare them in the face. Under +these circumstances, one of the early governors of Sydney, to prevent the +recurrence of famine, gathered a large supply of corn and deposited it in +granaries which he had excavated out of the solid rock at the head of the +bay, near the mouth of the Paramatta River. These were termed _silos_ or +_siloes_: they were hermetically sealed up, and from time to time the old +corn was exchanged for new. + +The supply of corn in these remarkable storehouses is still kept up; nor as +late as the time of my departure from those colonies last year, did I hear +of any intention of discontinuing this old custom. + +Now the termination of this word in _o_ marks it as Spanish; and +accordingly, on reference to Baretti's dictionary of that language, I find +the word "SILO, a subterraneous granary." But, Sir, this discovery only +raises another question, and one which I wish much to see solved. A Spanish +substantive must be for the most part the name of something existing at +some time or other in Spain. + +_When_, therefore, did such granaries exist in Spain, _in what part_ of the +country, and _under what circumstances_? + +AUGUSTUS STRONG. + +Walcot Rectory, Bath. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Handwriting._--I should be much obliged if any of your correspondents +could inform me (and that soon) whether there be published, in English, +French, German, or Spanish (though it is most desired in English), a manual +giving a standard alphabet for the various kinds of writing now in use, +viz. English hand, engrossing, Italian, German text, &c., with directions +for teaching the same; in fact, a sort of writing-master's key: and if so, +what is its title, and where it can be procured. + +A friend believes to have seen such a work advertised in _The Athenaeum_ +(probably three or four years ago), but has no recollection of the name. + +E. B. + +_Rev. Joshua Brooks_.--Can any of your numerous readers inform me as to the +early history of the late Rev. Joshua Brooks, who was for many years +chaplain of the Collegiate Church, Manchester, and who died in 1821? + +C. (1.) + +"_New Universal Magazine._"--I wish to know the time of the commencement +and termination of the _The New Universal Magazine, or Lady's Polite +Instructor_. + +A few volumes are in the British Museum. Vol. vi. is for July 1754 to +January 1755. + +D. + +_Francis Browne._--Anthony Browne, first Viscount Montague, married, +secondly, Magdalen, daughter of Lord Dacre of Gillesland, from whom +descended (amongst others) Sir Henry Browne of Kiddington. This Sir Henry +married twice: his second wife was Mary Anne, daughter of Sir P. Hungate; +by her he had issue Sir Peter Browne, who died of wounds at Naseby. Sir +Peter married Margaret, daughter of Sir Henry Knollys, and had two sons, +Henry and _Francis_. Did this Francis Browne ever marry? and if so, whom, +and when, and where? + +NEWBURIENSIS. + +_Advent Hymn._--Why is this hymn not included amongst those at the end of +the Book of Common Prayer? + +Might it not be added to those already given for the other festivals of the +Church, &c.? It {640} would be an advantage in those churches where the +Prayer Book Psalms are used, and might avoid the necessity of having +separate Psalm and Hymn Books; a custom much to be objected to, differing +as they do in different churches, as well as preventing strangers from +taking part in them. + +WILLO. + +_Milton's Correspondence._--Has any English translation of Milton's _Latin +familiar Correspondence_ been published; and if so, when and by whom? + +CRANSTON. + +"_Begging the Question._"--Will any correspondent explain this phrase, and +give its origin? + +CARNATIC. + +_Passage of Cicero._--I lately met with a writer of some deep learning and +research, who, amongst other topics, entered into the subject of musical +inflection by orators, &c. Now, unfortunately, the title and preface of the +book is absent without leave, nor is there any heading to it, so I can do +no more than say, the author refers to a passage in these words: + + "Cicero declares that only three tones or variations of sound, or + interval, were used in speaking in his time; whereas now our preachers, + orators, and elocutionists take in a range of eight at least." + +Will some indulgent reader of "N. & Q." tell me where such a passage +occurs? + +SEMI-TONE. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Goldsmith's "Haunch of Venison._"--What is the name in this poem beginning +with H, which Goldsmith makes to rhyme with "beef?" The metre requires it +to be a monosyllable, but there is no name that I have ever heard of that +would answer in this place. Is the H a mistake for K, which would give a +well-known Irish name? + +J. S. WARDEN. + + [A variation in the Aldine edition gives the line-- + + "There's Coley and Williams, and Howard and Hiff." + + MR. BOLTON CORNEY, in his unrivalled edition of Goldsmith's _Poetical + Works_, 1846, has furnished the following note:--"_Howard_=H. Howard? + author of _The Choice Spirits Museum_, 1765; _Coley_=Colman, says + Horace Walpole; _H--rth_=Hogarth? a surgeon of Golden Square; + _Hiff_=Paul Hiffernan, M.D., author of _Dramatic Genius_, &c." Mr. + Peter Cunningham, in his forthcoming edition of _Goldsmith_, will + probably tell us more. + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +SCHOOL LIBRARIES. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 220. 395. 498.) + +When I mentioned the above subject in "N. & Q.," I admit that my meaning +may have taken too wide a signification. I, however, wrote advisedly, my +object being to draw the attention of those schools that were in fault, and +in the hope of benefiting those that desired to do more. I suppose I must +exonerate Tonbridge, therefore, from any aspersion; and as it appears they +are well provided, from Bacon and Newton to _Punch_ and the _Family +Friend_, I am at a loss to know how I can be of service. + +Of the defects in popular education I am as sensible as the rest of the +multitude appear to be, and my particular view of the case would, I fear, +be too lengthy a subject for these columns. It is quite clear, however, +that education is partial, and in some sort a monopoly; its valuable +branches being altogether out of the reach of more than half the +population, and the staple industry of the people not sufficiently +represented,--as, for instance, the steam-engine. In them there is not +sufficient concentration, if I may use the term, of instruction; and the +requirements of many arts and trades insufficiently carried out; the old +schools and old colleges much too classical and mathematical. If this +position is untrue, no popular scheme can be adopted at present; but it +appears more than probable that before long the subject will be brought +before the House of Commons, and education made accessible to all. As to +the money for the purpose, the country will never grudge that. The obstacle +appears to lie more in persuading the endless religious sects into which we +are divided to shake hands over the matter. + +At present my only desire is, that boys at public schools should have +plenty of books, being assured that reading while we are young leaves a +very strong and permanent impression, and cannot be estimated too highly; +besides which, if a youth has access to works suited to his natural bent, +he will unconsciously lay in a store of valuable information adapted to his +future career. + +WELD TAYLOR. + +When I was at the College school, Gloucester, in 1794, there was a +considerable library in a room adjoining the upper school. I never knew the +books used by the boys, though the room was unlocked: in fact, it was used +by the upper master as a place of chastisement; for there was kept the +block (as it was called) on which the unfortunate culprits were horsed and +whipped. The library, no doubt, contained many valuable and excellent +works; but the only book of which I know the name as having been in it (and +that {641} only by a report in the newspapers of the day) was Oldham's +_Poems_, which, after a fire which occurred in the school-room, was said to +have been the only book returned of the many which had been taken away. + +P. H. FISHER. + +Stroud. + +In Knight's _Life of Dean Colet_ (8vo., London, 1724), founder of St. +Paul's School, there is a catalogue of the books in the library of the +school at the date specified. The number of the volumes is added up at the +end of the catalogue, in MS., and the total amount is 663 volumes. The +latest purchases bear the date of 1723, and are:--Pierson (sic) _On the +Creed_, Greenwood's _English Grammar_, and Terentius _In usum Delphini_. +The books for the most part are of a highly valuable and standard +character. Does the library still exist? have many additions been made to +it up to the present time? and is there a printed catalogue of it? + +J. M. + +Oxford. + + * * * * * + +TRENCH ON PROVERBS. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 387. 519.) + +The error, which Luther was the first to fall into, in departing from the +anciently received version of Ps. cxxvii. 2., Mendelsohn adopted; but no +translator of eminence has followed these two Hebraists; although some +critics have been carried away by their authority to the proper Jewish +notion of "gain," and not sleep, being the subject. Luther's version--"Denn +seinen Freunden gibt er _es_ schlafend"--was certainly before the revisers +of our authorised version of James I.; but was rejected, I consider, as +ungrammatical and false: _ungrammatical_, because the transitive verb +"give" (_gibt_) has no accusative noun; and _false_, because he supplies, +without authority, the place of the missing noun by the pronoun "it" +(_es_), there being no antecedent to which this _it_ refers. Mendelsohn +omits the _it_ in his Hebrew comment, supplied however unauthorisedly by +MR. MARGOLIOUTH in his translation of such comment. But Mendelsohn +introduces the "_es_" (it), in his German version (Berlin, 1788, dedicated +to Ramler), without however any authority from the Hebrew original of this +Psalm. He is therefore at variance with himself. And, farther, he has +omitted altogether the important word [Hebrew: KEIN] (_so_ or _thus_), +rendered "_denn_" (for) by Luther. + +As to the "unintelligible authorised version," I must premise that no +version has yet had so large an amount of learning bestowed on it as the +English one; indeed it has fairly beaten out of the field all the versions +of all other sections of Christians. The difficulty of the English version +arises from its close adherence to the oriental letter; but if we put the +scope of this Psalm into the vernacular, such difficulty is eliminated. + +Solomon says, in this Psalm: "Without Jehovah's support, my house will +fall: if He keep this city, the watch, with its early-risings, +late-resting, and ill-feeding, is useless: _thus He_ (by so keeping or +watching the city himself) _gives sleep to him whom He loves_." The +remainder of the Psalm refers to the increase of population as Jehovah's +gift, wherein Solomon considers the strength of the city to consist. The +words in Italics correspond precisely in sense with those of the authorised +version--"_For_ so He giveth His beloved sleep;" and the latter is +supported fully by all the ancient versions, and, as far as I can at +present ascertain, by all the best modern ones. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +What is there _unintelligible_ in the authorised translation of Psalm +cxxvii. 2., "He giveth His beloved sleep?" It is a literal translation of +three very plain words, of the simplest grammatical construction, made in +accordance with all the ancient versions. A difficulty there does indeed +exist in the passage, viz. in the commencing word [Hebrew: KN]; but this +word, though capable of many _intelligible_ meanings, does not enter into +the present question. Since the great majority of critics have been +contented to see no objection to the received translations, it is perfectly +allowable to maintain that the proposed rendering makes, instead of +removing, a difficulty, and obscures a passage which, as generally +understood, is sufficiently lucid. Hengstenberg's difficulty is, that the +subject is not about the _sleep_, but the _gain_. But is not sleep a gain? +Can we forget the [Greek: hupnou doron] of Homer? that is, sufficient, +undisturbed sleep, rest. Hengstenberg's remark, that all, even the beloved, +must labour, is a mere truism. The Psalmist evidently opposes excessive and +over-anxious labours, interfering with natural rest, to ordinary labour +accompanied with refreshing sleep. The object of his censure is precisely +the [Greek: merimna] which forms the subject of our Lord's warning; who +censures not due care and providence, but over-anxiety. Burkius rightly +remarks, that [Hebrew: SHN'] is antithetical to _surgere, sedere, dolorum_. +Hammond observes, with far more clearness and good sense than Hengstenberg, + + "For as to the former of these, wicked men that incessantly moil, and + cark, and drudge for the acquiring of it, and never enjoy any of the + comforts of this life, through the vehement pursuit of riches, are + generally frustrated and disappointed in their aims: whereas, on the + contrary, those who have God's blessing thrive insensibly, become very + prosperous, _and yet never lose any sleep in the pursuit of it_." + +Bishop Horne agrees; his remarks having evident reference to Hammond's. So +Bishop {642} Horsley, more briefly, but with his usual force: "You take all +this trouble for your security in vain, whilst He gives His beloved sleep." +Dr. French and Mr. Skinner adhere to the same sense in their translation, +and pertinently refer to Psalms iii. and iv., in which the Psalmist, though +beset by enemies, lies down and takes his rest, defended by God his Keeper. +So far, indeed, from seeing anything unintelligible, I see no obscurity, +either of expression or connexion, in this view, but very great obscurity +in the double ellipsis now proposed. In the received translation we have a +transitive verb, and a noun, obviously its accusative, according to the +natural sequence and simple construction of the Hebrew language. In the +proposed rendering we must understand an accusative case after _giveth_ +(i.e. _bread_, as Rosenmueller and others observe), and a particle before +_sleep_. The transitive verb has no subject; the noun nothing to govern it. +We must guess at both. + +As for the alleged instances of ellipses, I maintain they are not +analogous. I cannot call to mind any which are; and if any of your +correspondents would show some they would do good service. Hengstenberg's +examples of [Hebrew: TSRB], [Hebrew: BQR], &c. are surely not in point. We +have a similar ellipsis, often used in idiomatic English, _morning_, +_noon_, and _night_; but who would say _sleep_, instead of _in sleep_, or +_while asleep_? The ellipses in the Psalms, in the Songs of Degrees +themselves, are very numerous, but they are of a different nature; and +neither the position nor the nature of the word [Hebrew: SHN'] warrants +that now defended, as far I can remember. + +May I remark, by the way, that the Psalm falls rather into three strophes +than into two. The first speaks of the raising up of the house, and of the +city (an aggregation of houses), protected by the Almighty. The last is in +parallelism to the first, though, as often happens, expanded; and speaks of +the raising up of the family, and of the family arrived at maturity, the +defenders of the city, through the same protecting Providence. The central +portion is the main and cardinal sentiment, viz. the vanity of mere human +labour, and the peace of those who are beloved of God. + +JOHN JEBB. + +There is a proverb which foretells peril to such as interpose in the +quarrels of others. But as neither Mr. Trench, nor E. M. B., nor MR. +MARGOLIOUTH, have as yet betrayed any disposition to quarrel about the +question in dispute, a looker-on need not be afraid of interposing. + +The Query, about the solution of which they differ, is the proper mode of +rendering the last clause of v. 2. Ps. cxxvii. In our Liturgy and Bible it +is rendered, "_For_ so He giveth His beloved sleep;" of which E. M. B. +says, "It seems to me to be correct;" though he justly observes that "He +will give" would be more close. Mr. Trench appears to have rendered it, "He +giveth His beloved _in their_ sleep." MR. MARGOLIOUTH says "the words +should be, He will give to His beloved _whilst he_ [the beloved] _is_ +asleep." In each case the Italics, as usual, designate words not existing +in the Hebrew text. + +When expositors would get through a difficult passage, their readers have, +not unfrequently, the vexation of finding that a word of some importance +has been ignored. Such has been the case here with the little word [Hebrew: +KN], which introduces the clause. Its ordinary meaning is _so_; and the +office of the word _so_, in such a position, is to lead the remind to +revert to what has been previously said, as necessary to the proper +application of what follows. Now, the Psalmist's theme was the vanity of +all care and labour, unless the Lord both provide for and watch over His +people; _for_ so He will give His beloved sleep--that happy, confiding +repose which the solicitude of the worldly cannot procure. This is, surely, +intelligible enough and even if [Hebrew: KN] may be translated _for_ (which +Noldius, in his _Concordantia Particularum_, affirms that it here may, +adducing however but one dubious instance of its being so used elsewhere, +viz. Jeremiah xiv. 10.), or if the various reading, [Hebrew: KY], be +accepted, which would mean _for_, our version of the clause will be quite +compatible with either alteration. + +In this concentrated proposition are contained, the mode of giving, _so_; +the character of the recipient, _his beloved_; and we reasonably expect to +be next told what the Lord will give, and the text accordingly proceeds to +say, _sleep_. Whereas, if either Mr. Trench's or MR. MARGOLIOUTH's version +of the clause could properly be accepted, the gift would remain entirely +unmentioned; after attention had been called to the giver, to his mode of +giving, and to the recipient who might expect his bounty. But whilst Mr. +Trench is constrained to interpolate _in their_, apparently unconscious +that the Hebrew requires _beloved_ to be in the singular number, MR. +MARGOLIOUTH translates [Hebrew: SHN'] as if it were a participle, which +Luther seems also to have heedlessly done. Yet unless [Hebrew: SHN'] be a +noun, derived with a little irregularity from [Hebrew: YSHN], _he slept_, +it has nothing to do with sleep. It cannot be the participle of [Hebrew: +YSHN], for that verb has a participle in the usual form, not wanting the +initial [Hebrew: Y], which occurs in several places in the Old Testament, +and is used by Mendelsohn in the very sentence MR. MARGOLIOUTH has quoted +from that Jewish expositor. The critic who will not acknowledge [Hebrew: +SHN'] to be a noun in this clause, is therefore tied up to translating it +as either the participle or the preterite of [Hebrew: SHN'], _to change_, +or _to repeal_, and would thus make the clause really unintelligible. + +HENRY WALTER. + +{643} + +N. B. inquires, whether the translation of Psalm cxxvii. 2. adopted by Mr. +Trench has the sanction of any version but that of Luther. I beg leave to +inform him that the passage was translated in the same manner by Coverdale: +"For look, to whom it pleaseth Him He giveth it in sleep." De Wette also, +in modern times, has "Giebt er seinen Geliebten im Schlafe." + +Vatablus, in his Annotations, approves of such a rendering: "Dabit in somno +dilectis suis." It has also been suggested in the notes of several modern +critics. + +Not one of the ancient versions sanctions this translation. + +The sense of the passage will be much the same whichever of these +translations be adopted. But the common rendering appears to me to +harmonise best with the preceding portion of it. + +S. D. + + * * * * * + +MAJOR ANDRE. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 174. 604.) + +The following extracts and cuttings from newspapers, relative to the +unfortunate Major Andre, may interest your correspondent SERVIENS. I +believe I have some others, which I will send when I can lay my hand upon +them. I inclose a pencil copy of the scarce print of a sketch from a +pen-and-ink drawing, made by Andre himself on Oct. 1, 1780, of his crossing +the river when he was taken: + + "_Visit to the Grave of Andre._--We stopped at Piermont, on the widest + part of Tappan Bay, where the Hudson extends itself to the width of + three miles. On the opposite side, in full view from the hotel, is + Tarrytown, where poor Andre was captured. Tradition says that a very + large white-wood tree, under which he was taken, was struck by + lightning on the very day that news of Andre's death was received at + Tarrytown. As I sat gazing on the opposite woods, dark in the shadows + of moonlight, I thought upon how very slight a circumstance often + depends the fate of individuals and the destiny of nations. In the + autumn of 1780, a farmer chanced to be making cider at a mill on the + east bank of the Hudson, near that part of Haverstraw Bay called + 'Mother's Lap.' Two young men, carrying muskets, as usual in those + troubled times, stopped for a draught of sweet cider, and seated + themselves on a log to wait for it. The farmer found them looking very + intently on some distant object, and inquired what they saw. 'Hush, + hush!' they replied; 'the red coats are yonder, just within the Lap,' + pointing to an English gun-boat, with twenty-four men, lying on their + oars. Behind the shelter of a rock, they fired into the boat, and + killed two persons. The British returned a random shot; but ignorant of + the number of their opponents, and seeing that it was useless to waste + ammunition on a hidden foe, they returned whence they came with all + possible speed. This boat had been sent to convey Major Andre to the + British sloop-of-war Vulture, then lying at anchor off Teller's Point. + Shortly after Andre arrived, and finding the boat gone, he, in + attempting to pass through the interior, was captured. Had not those + men stopped to drink sweet cider, it is probable that Andre would not + have been hung; the American revolution might have terminated in quite + a different fashion; men now deified as heroes might have been handed + down to posterity as traitors; our citizens might be proud of claiming + descent from Tories, and slavery have been abolished eight years ago, + by virtue of our being British Colonies. So much may depend on a + draught of cider! But would England herself have abolished slavery had + it not been for the impulse given to free principles by the American + revolution? Probably not. It is not easy to calculate the consequences + involved even in a draught of cider, for no fact stands alone; each has + infinite relations. A very pleasant ride at sunset brought us to Orange + Town, to the lone field where Major Andre was executed. It is planted + with potatoes, but the plough spares the spot on which was once his + gallows and his grave. A rude heap of stones, with the remains of a + dead fir tree in the midst, are all that mark it; but tree and stones + are covered with names. It is on an eminence commanding a view of the + country for miles. I gazed on the surrounding woods, and remembered + that on this selfsame spot, the beautiful and accomplished young man + walked back and forth, a few minutes preceding his execution, taking an + earnest farewell look of earth and sky. My heart was sad within me. Our + guide pointed to a house in full view, at half a mile's distance, which + he told us was at that time the head-quarters of General Washington. I + turned my back suddenly upon it. The last place on earth where I would + wish to think of Washington is at the grave of Andre. I know that + military men not only sanction but applaud the deed; and, reasoning + according to the maxims of war, I am well aware how much can be said in + his defence. That Washington considered it a duty, the discharge of + which was most painful to him, I doubt not. But, thank God, the + instincts of any childhood are unvitiated by any such maxims. From the + first hour I read of the deed, until the present day, I never did, and + never could, look upon it as otherwise than cool, deliberate murder. + That the theory and practice of war commends the transaction, only + serves to prove the infernal nature of war itself.... A few years ago, + the Duke of York requested the British Consul to send the remains of + Major Andre to England. At that time two thriving firs were found near + the grave, and a peach-tree; which a lady in the neighbourhood had + planted there, in the kindness of her heart. The farmers who came to + witness the interesting ceremony generally evinced the most respectful + tenderness for the memory of the unfortunate dead, and many of the + children wept. A few idlers, educated by militia trainings and Fourth + of July declaration, began to murmur that the memory of General + Washington was insulted by any respect shown to the remains of Andre; + but the offer of a treat lured them to the tavern, where they soon + became too drunk to guard the character of Washington. It was a + beautiful day, and these disturbing spirits being removed, the + impressive ceremony proceeded in solemn silence. {644} The coffin was + in good preservation, and contained all the bones, with a small + quantity of dust. The roots of the peach-tree had entirely interwoven + the skull with their fine network. His hair, so much praised for its + uncommon beauty, was tied, on the day of his execution, according to + the fashion of the times. When his grave was opened, half a century + afterwards, the riband was found in perfect preservation, and sent to + his sister in England. When it was known that the sarcophagus + containing his remains had arrived in New York, for London, many ladies + sent garlands and emblematic devices, to be wreathed around it, in + memory of the 'beloved and lamented Andre.' In their compassionate + hearts, the teachings of nature were unperverted by maxims of war, or + that selfish jealousy which dignifies itself with the name of + patriotism. Blessed be God, that custom forbids women to electioneer or + fight. May the sentiment remain till war and politics have passed away! + Had not women and children been kept free from their polluting + influence, the medium of communication between earth and heaven would + have been completely cut off. At the foot of the eminence where the + gallows had been erected, we found an old Dutch farm-house, occupied by + a man who witnessed the execution, and whose father often sold peaches + to the unhappy prisoner. He confirmed the account of Andre's uncommon + personal beauty, and had a vivid remembrance of the pale but calm + heroism with which he met his untimely death."--From Miss Child's + _Letters from New York_. + + "_Andre._--At the little town of Tappan, the unfortunate Major Andre, + condemned by the council of war as a spy, was executed and buried. His + remains were disinterred a few years ago, by order of the English + Government, carried to England, and, if I mistake not, deposited in + Westminster Abbey; whilst the remains of General Frazer, who fell like + a hero, at the head of the King's troops, lie without a monument in the + old redoubt near Still Water. The tree that grew over Andre's grave was + likewise sent to England; and, as I was told, planted in the King's + Garden, behind Carlton Palace."--Duke of Weimar's _Travels_. + + "_Disinterment of Major Andre_.--This event took place at Tappan on + Friday, 10th inst., at one p. m., amidst a considerable concourse of + ladies and gentlemen that assembled to witness this interesting + ceremony. The British Consul, with several gentlemen, accompanied by + the proprietor of the ground and his labourers, commenced their + operations at eleven o'clock, by removing the heap of loose stones that + surrounded and partly covered the grave. Great caution was observed in + taking up a small peach-tree that was growing out of the grave, as the + Consul stated his intention of sending it to his Majesty, to be placed + in one of the Royal Gardens. Considerable anxiety was felt lest the + coffin could not be found, as various rumours existed of its having + been removed many years ago. However, when at the depth of three feet, + the labourers came to it. The lid was broken in the centre, and had + partly fallen in, but was kept up by resting on the skull. The lid + being raised, the skeleton of the brave Andre appeared entire; bone to + bone, each in its place, without a vestige of any other part of his + remains, save some of his hair, which appeared in small tufts; and the + only part of his dress was the leather string which tied it. + + "As soon as the curiosity of the spectators was gratified, a large + circle was formed; when Mr. Eggleso, the undertaker, with his + assistants, uncovered the sarcophagus, into which the remains were + carefully removed. This superb depository, in imitation of those used + in Europe for the remains of the illustrious dead, was made by Mr. + Eggleso, of Broadway, of mahogany; the pannels covered with rich + crimson velvet, surrounded by a gold bordering; the rings of deep + burnished gold; the pannel also crimson velvet, edged with gold; the + inside lined with black velvet; the whole supported by four gilt balls. + + "The sarcophagus, with the remains, has been removed on board his + Majesty's packet; where, it is understood, as soon as some repairs on + board are completed, an opportunity will be afforded of viewing + it."--From the _New York Evening Post_ of Aug. 11. + + "The remains of the lamented Major Andre have (as our readers already + know) been lately removed from the spot where they were originally + interred in the year 1780, at Tappan, New York, and brought to England + in the Phaeton frigate by order of his Royal Highness the Duke of York. + Yesterday the sarcophagus was deposited in front of the cenotaph in + Westminster Abbey, which was erected by his late Majesty to the memory + of this gallant officer. The reinterment took place in the most private + manner, the Dean of Westminster superintending in person, Major-Gen. + Sir Herbert Taylor attending on the part of his Royal Highness the + Commander-in-Chief and Mr. Locker, Secretary to Greenwich Hospital, on + behalf of the three surviving sisters of the deceased."--From newspaper + of which the name and date have not been preserved. + +G. C. + +With many thanks for the obliging replies to my Query for information +concerning this gentleman, I would desire to repeat it in a more specific +form. Can none of your readers inform me whether there do not remain +papers, &c. of or concerning Major Andre, which might without impropriety +be at this late day given to the world; and if so, by what means access +could be had thereto? Are there none such in the British Museum, or in the +State Paper Offices? My name and address are placed with the Editor of this +journal, at the service of any correspondent who may prefer to communicate +with me privately. + +SERVIENS. + +Major Andre occupied Dr. Franklin's house when the British army was in +Philadelphia in 1777 and 1778. When it evacuated the city, Andre carried +off with him a portrait of the Doctor, which has never been heard of since. +The British officers amused themselves with amateur theatricals at the +South Street Theatre in Southwark, then the only one in Philadelphia, +theatres being prohibited in the city. The tradition here is, that Andre +painted the scenes. They were {645} destroyed with the theatre by fire +about thirty-two years ago. + +M. E. + +Philadelphia. + + * * * * * + +PASSAGE IN WHISTON. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 244. 397.) + +The book for which J.T. inquires is: + + "The Important Doctrines of Original Sin, Justification by Faith and + Regeneration, clearly stated from Scripture and Reason, and vindicated + from the Doctrines of the Methodists; with Remarks on Mr. Law's late + Tract on New Birth. By _Thomas_ Whiston, A.B. Printed for John Whiston, + at the Boyle's Head, Fleet Street. Pp. 70." + +I do not know who the author was. Perhaps a son of the celebrated _William_ +Whiston, six of whose works are advertised on the back of the title-page; +and whose _Memoirs_, Lond. 1749, are "sold by Mr. Whiston in Fleet Street." +If the passage cited by J. T. is all that Taylor says of Thomas Whiston, it +conveys an erroneous notion of his pamphlet, which from pp. 49. to 70. is +occupied by the question of regeneration. I think his doctrine may be +shortly stated thus: Regeneration accompanies the baptism of adults, and +follows that of infants. In the latter case, the time is uncertain; but the +fact is ascertainable by the recipients becoming spiritually minded. + +Afterwards he says: + + "I cannot dismiss this subject without observing _another sense of + regeneration_ in the Gospel. However, _this makes no alteration in the + doctrine I have before established_; because, with us, regeneration and + new birth are terms that bear the same exact meaning. What I before + delivered of the spiritual new birth or regeneration is strictly true, + though the word regeneration _is sometimes used in another sense_. It + is not to be there understood of a spiritual or figurative birth, but + of a literal and actual revival of the body from corruption. But _this + is not that new birth we have before inquired after_, but only the + assured and certain consequence of our preserving ourselves to the end + in that spiritual state or birth we have entered into in this world. + That I do not represent the sense of the word regeneration unfairly, + may be gathered from Matt. xix. 28., rightly pointed and distinguished: + + "'And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, that ye which have + followed me (in the _regeneration_, when the Son of Man shall sit upon + the throne of his glory), ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, + judging the twelve tribes of Israel.' Here regeneration _is not to be + understood in the same sense as the new birth or regeneration mentioned + by our Saviour_ (John iii.), from whence the new birth is to be derived + and stated; but, as I before observed, must be referred to a literal + restoration to life, _i. e_. either to the general resurrection, or + rather to the Millennium, when Christ is to reign upon earth over the + Saints for a thousand years, after the dissolution of the present form + of it. I make no doubt that this latter opinion is the genuine sense of + the text I have quoted from St. Matthew; and consequently, that + regeneration, _in this passage_, is to be applied to the first + resurrection of the dead, or to the supposed Millennium."--Pp. 67, 68. + +The above will show that Thomas Whiston did not "_maintain_ that +regeneration is a literal and physical being born again," in the sense +which the passage quoted by J. T. conveys. I have not seen Taylor's work +with the date 1746. As the name is common, and the pamphlets and sermons of +that time on original sin are innumerable, many Taylors may have written +besides the one mentioned by [Greek: Halieus]. J. T.'s Taylor cannot be +excused even on the ground of having read only a part of the book he +misrepresented: for he refers to p. 68., from which he must have seen that +Thomas Whiston there explained only an isolated passage. + +H. B. C. + +Garrick Club. + + * * * * * + +HELMETS. + +(Vol. viii., p. 538.) + +The following observations upon the helmet, by Stephen Martin Leake, Esq., +Garter, may be acceptable to your querist S. N. + + "The helmet, called _galea_ by the Greeks, _cassis_ by the Romans, is + called _helm_ (which signifies the head) by the Germans; whence the + French _heaume_, and our _helmet_. It is of great account with the + Germans: the helm and crest deriving their use from tournaments, whence + arms took their origin; and this being with them the most essential + mark of noblesse, neither the Germans nor French allow a new made + gentleman to bear a helmet, but only a wreath of his colours; and when + he is a gentleman of three descents, to bear a helmet with three barrs + for his three descents (Menestrier, _Abrege methodique des Armoiries_, + 1672, p. 28.; _Origine des Ornemens des Armoiries_, p. 2.). _Tymbre_ is + the general word used for the casque or helm by the French. Menestrier, + in his _Origine des Ornemens des Armoiries_, p. 13., says the modern + heralds observe three things with regard to the _tymbre_: the matter, + the form, and the situation. That kings should have their helmets of + gold open, and in full front; princes and lords of silver, and somewhat + turned with a certain number of barrs, according to their degree; + gentlemen to have their helmets of steel, and in profile. Colombiere + assigns a knight a helmet bordered with silver, barons with gold, + counts and viscounts the like, and the barrs gold; marquisses the helm + same, and damasked with gold; dukes and princes the gold helmet, + damasked. And as to the barrs, new gentlemen without any; gentlemen of + three descents, three barrs; knights and ancient gentlemen, five; + barons seven; counts and viscounts nine; marquisses eleven. But Moreau, + who first propagated these inventions (_Origine des Ornemens des + Armoiries_, p. 17.), assigns to an emperor or king eleven, a prince or + duke nine, a marquis and count seven, a baron five: whence it seems + there is no {646} certain rule or uniform practice observed herein, + unless in the situation of the helmet, wherein both the Germans and + French account it more noble to bear an open helmet than a close one; + but these are novel distinctions. Anciently, the helmets were all + turned to the right, and close; and it is but some years since, says + Menestrier (_Abrege Methodique_, 1672, p. 28.), that they began to + observe the number of grilles or barrs, to distinguish the different + degrees. But however ingenious these inventions are, it is certain that + they are useless (as gold and silver helmets would be) because every + rank of nobility is distinguished by the coronet proper to his degree. + Whatever honour may be attributed to the helmet, the use of it with the + arms is but modern; and upon the coins of kings and sovereign princes, + where they are chiefly to be met with, the helmets are barred, and + either full or in profile, as best suited the occasion; and upon the + Garter plates of Christian Duke of Brunswick (1625), Gustavus Adolphus + King of Sweden (1628), and Charles Count Palatine of the Rhine (1633 + and 1680), they are full fronted with seven barrs. + + "In Great Britain we have but four kinds of helmets, according to the + four different degrees in the state--the king, the nobility, knights, + and gentry. The sovereign helmet full fronted, having seven barrs or + guards, visure without any bever; the nobilities the same, but half + turned to the right, and usually showing four barrs; the knight's + helmet full fronted, with the bever turned up; and the gentleman's in + profile, the bever or visor close; using steel helmets for all as the + only proper metal for a helmet common to all. Foreigners condemn us for + attributing that helmet to a knight, which they give to a king; and + more proper, says Mackensie, for a king without guard-visure than for a + knight (_Science of Heraldry_, p. 87.), because knights are in danger, + and have less need to command. But it must be observed, the knight's + helmet has a visor, and no barrs; the sovereign's barrs, because no + visor. And this kind of helmet, with barrs instead of a visor, seems to + have been contrived for princes and great commanders, who would have + been incommoded by the visor, and too much exposed without anything, + therefore had barrs: whereas knights being, according to Mackensie, in + more danger and having less need to command, had their helmet for + action; and are represented with the bever up, ready to receive the + king or general's command. As to the resemblance of the one to the + other, both being in full front, the connexion was not anciently so + remote as seems at this day. Knighthood is the first and most ancient + military honour, and therefore at this day sovereign princes and + knights are the only two honours universally acknowledged. Knighthood + is the source of all honours, and of all military glory, and an honour + esteemed by and conferred upon kings; without which they were + heretofore thought incomplete, and could not confer that honour on + others, no more than ordination could be conferred by one unordained: + so that there was a very near connexion between sovereignty and + knighthood. And besides, the propriety of the open helmet with a visor + for a knight, and the helmet guard-visure for a king, the latter is + more ornamental, especially if, according to the modern practice, the + barrs are gold. As the king's helmet is without a visor, and barred, so + is that of the nobility in imitation of it, but turned to the right as + a proper distinction as, in like manner, that of the gentry differs + from the knights. As there are in fact but two orders of men, nobility + of which the king is the first degree, and gentry of which knights are + the first, so they are by this means sufficiently distinguished + according to their respective orders and degrees: the first order + distinguished by the barred helmet, the gentry by the visored helmet + with proper differences of the second degrees of each class from the + first; and all other distinctions more than this are unnecessary and + useless. + + "The helmet does not seem to have been formerly used but in a military + way, and affairs of chivalry. I do not find any helmets upon the + monuments of our Kings of England, nor upon other ancient monuments, + nor upon any of the Great Seals, coins, or medals. Upon the plates of + the Knights of the Garter at Windsor, all degrees used the old profile + close helmet till about 1588, some few excepted; and soon after, the + helmet with barrs came into fashion, and was used for all degrees of + nobility, and it has continued ever since; and the same has been used + for all degrees of nobility upon the plates of the Knights of the Bath, + those that are knights only using a knight's helmet. And the same may + be observed in Sir Edward Walker's _Books of the Nobility from the + Restoration to the Revolution_, wherein all degrees have the helmet + turned towards the right, showing four barrs; the sovereign's being + full with seven barrs." + +G. + + * * * * * + +HAMPDEN'S DEATH. + +(Vol. viii., p. 495.) + +"On the 21st of July, 1828, the corpse of John Hampden was disinterred by +the late Lord Nugent for the purpose of settling the disputed point of +history as to the manner in which the patriot received his death-wound. The +examination seems to have been conducted after a somewhat bungling fashion +for a scientific object, and the facts disclosed were these: 'On lifting up +the right arm we found that it was dispossessed of its hand. We might +therefore naturally conjecture that it had been amputated, as the bone +presented a perfectly flat appearance, as if sawn off by some sharp +instrument. On searching under the cloths, to our no small astonishment we +found the hand, or rather a number of small bones, inclosed in a separate +cloth. For about six inches up the arm the flesh had wasted away, being +evidently smaller than the lower part of the left arm, to which the hand +was very firmly united, and which presented no symptoms of decay further +than the two bones of the forefinger loose. Even the nails remained entire, +of which we saw no appearance in the cloth containing the remains of the +right hand.... The clavicle of the right shoulder was firmly united to the +scapula, nor did there appear any contusion or indentation that evinced +symptoms of any wound ever having been inflicted. The left shoulder, on the +contrary, was smaller and sunken in, as if the clavicle had been displaced. +To {647} remove all doubts, it was adjudged necessary to remove the arms, +which were amputated with a penknife (!). The socket of the left (_sic_) +arm was perfectly white and healthy, and the clavicle firmly united to the +scapula, nor was there the least appearance of contusion or wound. The +socket of the right (_sic_) shoulder, on the contrary, was of a brownish +cast, and the clavicle being found quite loose and disunited from the +scapula, proved that dislocation had taken place. The bones, however, were +quite perfect.' These appearances indicated that injuries had been received +both in the hand and shoulder, the former justifying the belief in Sir +Robert Pye's statement to the Harleys, that the pistol which had been +presented to him by Sir Robert, his son-in-law, had burst and shattered his +hand in a terrible manner at the action of Chalgrave Field; the latter +indicating that he had either been wounded in the shoulder by a spent ball, +or had received an injury there by falling from his horse after his hand +was shattered. Of these wounds he died three or four days after, according +to Sir Philip Warwick. According to Clarendon, 'three weeks after being +shot into the shoulder with a brace of bullets, which broke the bone.' The +bone, however, was not found broken, and the 'brace of bullets' is equally +imaginary." + +This account is from a newspaper cutting of _The News_, August 3, 1828. + +W. S. + +Northiam. + + * * * * * + +PETER ALLAN. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 539. 630.) + +Peter Allan deserves more than a brief notice. His history is so full of +romance, the relics of his name and fame are so many, and he is withal so +little known, that I presume I may on this occasion trespass on more than +the ordinary space allotted to a "minor," but which should be a "major" +Query. + +Peter Allan was born at Selkirk (?) in the year 1798. His parents were +peasants, and Peter in early life became valet to Mr. Williamson, brother +of Sir Hedworth Williamson. He afterwards became gamekeeper to the Marquis +of Londonderry, and in that capacity acquired a reputation as an unerring +shot, and a man of unusual physical strength and courage. He afterwards +married, and became a publican at Whitburn, and in the course of few years +purchased a little property, and occupied himself in the superintendence of +dock works and stone quarries. In this latter capacity he acquired the +skill in quarrying, on which his fame chiefly rests. Having a turn for a +romantic life, he conceived the strange project of founding a colony at +Marsden, a wild, rocky bay below the mouth of the Tyne, five miles from +Sunderland, and three from South Shields. The spot chosen by Peter as his +future home had been colonised some years before by one "Jack the Blaster," +who had performed a series of excavations, and amongst them a huge round +perforation from the high land above to the beach below, through which it +is said many a cargo has passed ashore without being entered in the books +of the excise. Here the cliff is formed of hard magnesian limestone, and +rises perpendicularly from the beach more than a hundred feet. When Peter +set to work, the only habitable portions were two wild caves opening to the +sea, into which at high tide the breakers tumbled, and where during rough +weather it was impossible to continue with safety. On the face of the rock +Peter built a homestead of timber, and set up farm and tavern. In the rock +itself he excavated fifteen rooms, to each of which he gave an appropriate +name; the most interesting are the "Gaol Room," the "Devil's Chamber," the +"Circular Room," the "Dining Room," and the "Ball Room." The height of the +entire excavation is twenty feet, its breadth thirty, and its length, from +the ball room to the cottage, one hundred and twenty. Several parts of the +cave are lighted by windows hewn in the face of the rock, and these give +the cave a picturesque appearance as viewed frown the beach below. In +addition to these labours, Peter took possession of a huge table-rock, +which stands some distance from the cliffs opposite to the grotto. By dint +of extraordinary exertions he excavated a passage from the land side of +this rock through its substance to the surface, and by placing scaling +ladders against its face, made provision for ascent and descent at high +water. The three-quarters of an acre of surface he colonised with rabbits, +and built a shanty for himself and companions, where they dwelt for some +time thinning the wild fowl with their deadly shots, and raising many an +echo with their shouts of revelry. + +To describe the strange scene presented by the grotto itself, the +farm-buildings on the face of the cliff, the huge table-rock and flagstaff, +the many quaint blocks, pillars and wild escarpments, and the numerous +domestic animals, such as mastiffs, pigs, ravens, and goats, all +congregated together in a small bay, and literally separated from the world +by the barren waste land above, and the huge cliffs and restless sea below, +would be beyond the scope of "N. & Q.," though it is worth a note in +passing, that for the tourist a visit to Marsden would be highly +remunerative. + +Peter Allan endured many hardships in his cave at Marsden. He was accused +of smuggling, and annoyed by the excise. He and his family were once shut +in for six weeks by the snow, during the whole of which time it was +impossible for any human being to approach them. Yet in spite of many +hardships, Peter reared in the grotto a family of eight children, three +daughters and five sons, all of whom are living and prospering in the +world. The grotto is still kept by his widow, his {648} eldest son William, +and one daughter, assisting Mrs. Allan in the management The son William is +an experienced blaster, and occupies himself in excavations and +improvements; the daughter, a brunette, is a first-rate shot, and a girl of +extraordinary spirit and gaiety. She is the Grace Darling of the +neighbourhood, and both her and her mother have saved many lives by their +dexterity in boating and extraordinary courage. Peter himself was a bold, +determined, and honest man, fond of a joke, and passionately devoted to +bees, birds, pigs, and dogs, many of whom (pigs especially) used to follow +him to Shields and Sunderland, when he went thither. After twenty-two +years' possession of the caverns, the proprietor of the adjoining land +served him with a process of ejectment; Peter refused to leave the +habitation which he had formed by twenty years' unremitting toil, and which +he had actually won from the sea, without encroachment on an inch of the +mainland. After a tedious law-suit, judgment was given in his favour, but +he had to pay costs. The anxieties of this lawsuit broke his heart, and he +never recovered either health or spirits. He died on the 31st of August, +1849, in the 51st year of his age, leaving his wife and eight children to +lament him. He was buried in Whitburn churchyard, and over his grave was +placed a stone with the inscription: + + "The Lord is my rock and my salvation." + +Numerous memorials of Peter exist at the grotto, and in the neighbourhood +of Marsden. Particulars of these and other matters touching this romantic +history, may be obtained in No. 2. of _Summer Excursions to the North_, +published by Ward, of Newcastle; and in a paper entitled _A Visit to +Marsden Rocks_, contributed by myself to the _Peoples Illustrated Journal_, +No. XIV. + +SHIRLEY HIBBERD. + + * * * * * + +"COULD WE WITH INK," ETC. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 127. 180. 422.) + +I think that your well-read correspondent J. W. THOMAS will agree with me +that the _bona fide_ authorship of the beautiful lines alluded to must be +ascertained, not by a single expression, but by the whole of the charming +poem. The striking expression of Mohammed, quoted by J. W. THOMAS, is quite +common amongst the Easterns even at the present day. I remember, when at +Malta, in March, 1848, whilst walking in company of the most accomplished +Arabian of the day, the conversation turned upon a certain individual who +had since acquired a most unenviable notoriety in the annals of British +jurisprudence, my companion abruptly turned upon me, whilst at the shore of +the Mediterranean, and said, in his fascinating Arabic, "Behold this great +sea! were all its water turned into ink, it would be insufficient to +describe the villany of the individual you speak of." + +Rabbi Mayir ben Isaac's poem corresponds not merely in a single expression, +but in every one. The Chaldee hymn has the ink and ocean, parchment and +heavens, stalks and quills, mankind and scribes, &c. Pray do me the favour +to insert the original lines. I assure you that they are well worthy of a +place in "N. & Q." Here they are: + + [Hebrew: GBWRAN `ALMIYN LEIYH WLA' SIPEIQ PRIYSHWTA':] + [Hebrew: GWIYL 'ILW RQIY`EIY QNY KAL CHWRSHATA':] + [Hebrew: DYWO 'ILW YAMEIY WKAL MEIY KNIYSHWTA':] + [Hebrew: DAYREIY 'AR`A' SAPREIY WRASHMEIY RASHWATA':] + + + +MOSES MARGOLIOUTH. + +Wybunbury. + +In the _Des Knaben Wunderhorn_ there is something of the same idea, though +not quite to the same purpose: + + "Und wenn der Himmel papyrige waer, + Und e jede Sterne Schryber waer, + Und jedere Schryber hat siebesiebe Hand, + Ei schriebe doch alli mir Liebi Kesend! + Dursli und Babeli." + +G. H. R. + + * * * * * + +WHAT DAY IS IT AT OUR ANTIPODES? + +(Vol. viii., p. 102.) + +This question was asked by H., and at p. 479. an answer to it was +undertaken by ESTE. But, probably from over-anxiety to be very brief, ESTE +was betrayed into a most strange and unaccountable misstatement, which +ought to be set right before the conclusion of the volume; since, if +correctness be generally desirable in all communications to "N. & Q.," it +is absolutely indispensable in professed answers to required information. +ESTE says: + + "A person sailing to our Antipodes westward will lose twelve hours; by + sailing thither eastward he will gain twelve hours." + +This is quite correct. But if one person lose twelve, and another gain +twelve, the manifest difference between them is twenty-four; and yet ESTE +goes on to say: + + "If both meet together at the same hour, say eleven o'clock, the one + will reckon 11 A.M., the other 11 P.M." + +This is the misstatement. No two persons, by any correct system of +reckoning, could arrive at a result which would imply a physical +impossibility; and it is needless to say that the concurrence of A.M. and +P.M. at the same time and place would come under that designation. What +ESTE should have said is, that both persons meeting {649} together on the +same day, if it be reckoned Monday by the one, it will be reckoned Tuesday +by the other. They may differ as to Monday or Tuesday, but they cannot +rationally differ as to whether it is day or night. + +It may be added that, no matter where these two persons might meet, whether +at the Antipodes or at any other place, still, upon comparing their +journals, there would always appear a day's difference between them; and if +they were to keep continually sailing on, one always towards the west, and +the other always towards the east, every time they might meet or cross each +other, they would increase the difference between them by an additional +day. + +Whence it follows, that if two ships were to leave England on the same day, +one sailing east by the Cape of Good Hope, and the other west by Cape Horn, +returning home respectively by the opposite capes; and if both were to +arrive again in England at the same time, there would be found in the +reckoning of the eastern vessel two entire days more than in that of the +western vessel. Nor would this difference be merely theoretic or imaginary; +on the contrary, it would be a real and substantial gain on the part of the +eastern vessel: her crew would have consumed two whole rations of +breakfast, dinner, and supper, and swallowed two days' allowance of grog +more than the other crew; and they would have enjoyed two nights more +sleep. + +But all this is not an answer to H's question; what he wants to know is +whether the day at the Antipodes is twelve hours in advance or in arrear of +our day and, whichever it is, why is it? + +But here H. is not sufficiently explicit. His question relates to a +practical fact, and therefore he should have been more particular in +designating the exact habitable place to which it referred. Our Antipodes, +strictly speaking, or rather the antipodal point to Greenwich Observatory, +is 180deg of east (or west) longitude, and 51deg 28' &c. of south latitude. +But this is not the only point that differs by exactly twelve hours in time +from Greenwich; all places lying beneath the meridian of 180deg, "our +Periaeci" as well as "our Antipodes," are similarly affected, and to them +the same question would be applicable. H. is right, however, in assuming +that, with respect to that meridian, the decision must be purely arbitrary. +It is as though two men were to keep moving round a circle in the same +direction, with the same speed, and at diametrically opposite points; it +must be an arbitrary decision which would pronounce that either was in +advance, or in arrear, of the other. + +Regarding, then, the meridian of 180deg as the neutral point, the most +rational system, so far as British settlements are concerned, is to reckon +longitude both ways, from 0deg to 180deg, east and west from Greenwich; and +to regard all west longitude as in arrear of British time, and all east +longitude as in advance of it. And this is the method practised by modern +navigators. + +It is not, however, in obedience to any preconceived system, but by pure +accident, that our settlements in Australia and New Zealand happen to be in +accordance with this rule. The last-named country is very close upon the +verge of eastern longitude, but still it is within it, and its day is +rightly in advance of our day. But the first settlers to Botany Bay, in +1788, were actually under orders to go out by Cape Horn, and were only +forced by stress of weather to adopt the opposite course by the Cape of +Good Hope. Had they kept to their prescribed route, there cannot be a doubt +that the day of the week and month in Australia would now be a day later +than it is. + +The best proof of the truth of this assertion is, that a few years +afterwards a missionary expedition was sent out to Otaheite, with respect +to which a precisely similar accident occurred; they could not weather Cape +Horn, and were forced to go round, some twice the distance out of their +way, by the Cape of Good Hope; consequently they carried with them what may +be called the eastern day, and since then that is the day observed at +Otaheite, although fully two hours within the western limit of longitude. + +From this cause an actual practical anomaly has recently arisen. The French +authorities in Tahiti, in accordance with the before-mentioned rule, have +arranged their day by _western longitude_; consequently, in addition to +other points of dissent, they observe the Sabbath and other festivals one +day later than the resident English missionaries. + +I have extended this explanation to a greater length than I intended, but +the subject is interesting, and not generally well understood; to do it +justice, therefore, is not compatible with brevity. Much of what I have +said is doubtless already known to your readers; nevertheless I hope it may +be useful in affording to H. the information he required, and to ESTE more +fixed notions on the subject than he seems to have entertained when he +wrote the answer referred to. + +A. E. B. + +Leeds. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Aceto-Nitrate of Silver._--I have collected together several ounces of +aceto-nitrate of silver that has been used to excite waxed paper (iodized +by MR. CROOKES' method), and should be glad to know whether it can be used +again for the same purpose. + +JOHN LEACHMAN. + + [The aceto-nitrate _may_ be used, but in our own practice we do not do + so. It is apt to give an unpleasant brownish colour. The solutions of + silver, {650} whether used for albumenising or otherwise, being reduced + to a state of chloride by the addition of common salt so long as any + precipitate is formed: fine silver may then be readily obtained by + heating a crucible, the chloride consisting of three-fourths of pure + metal. It is a false economy to use dirty or doubtful solutions, and by + adopting the above course the pecuniary loss is very trifling. Our + ordinary stoves will not always give a sufficient heat, but any working + jeweller or chemist having the ordinary furnace would accomplish it.] + +_On the Restoration of old Collodion._--Many plans have been suggested for +the restoration of collodion when it has lost its sensitiveness by age. In +the last Number of the _Photographic Journal_, p. 147., MR. CROOKES +proposes "to remove the free iodine from the collodion by means of a piece +of pure silver. For two ounces of liquid I should recommend a sheet of +stout silver foil, about two inches long and half an inch broad. It will +require to remain in contact with the collodion for about two days, or even +longer if the latter be very dark-coloured; and in this case it will +sometimes be found advantageous to clean the surface of the silver, as it +becomes protected with a coating of iodide, by means of cyanide of +potassium or hyposulphite of soda. + +"When thus renovated, the collodion will be found as sensitive and good as +it was originally." + +This plan is certainly more simple than any that has yet been recommended. +The action of the silver being its mere combination with the free iodine, +thereby producing the reduction of the collodion to its original colourless +condition, I would venture to put this question to MR. CROOKES (to whom the +readers of "N. & Q." are already under great obligations): Does he consider +that it is the mere presence of free iodine which causes the want of +sensitiveness in the collodion? This is all which appears to be +accomplished by the process which Mr. Crookes recommends. + +Now, as one who has had some experience, both in the manufacture and uses +of collodion, such a view does not agree with my practice and observation. +Occasionally, upon sensitising collodion, I have found it assume a deep +sherry colour a few hours after being made. This must have depended upon +the free iodide it contained, and yet such collodion has worked most +admirably. I have now before me a large body of collodion almost red, and +which has been made some three or four months; yet the last time I used +this, about a week since, it was just as good as when it was first made. +Undoubtedly collodion does more or less deteriorate with age; but here I +would observe, that there is an immense difference in the different +manufactures of collodion, and which can be ascertained by use only, and +not by appearance. + +But Mr. Hennah, who has had much practical experience, recommends the +collodion to be made sensitive merely by the iodide of potassium; and he +said, "if it did not work quite clearly and well, a little tincture of +iodine brought it right." Here, then, is added the very thing which MR. +CROOKES proposes to abstract. + +Again, MR. CROOKES considers the free iodine to be the cause of the +colouring of the collodion; will he then kindly explain its _modus +operandi_? + +As he has on several occasions given your readers the benefit of his great +chemical knowledge, I trust they may be favoured by him with a solution of +these difficulties, which have puzzled + +AN AMATEUR. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Admissions to Inns of Court_ (Vol. viii., p. 540.).--The following +particulars may be of service to your correspondent who requires +information upon the subject of the matriculations at the inns of court. + +The books of Lincoln's Inn, which record the calls to the bar and other +proceedings of the Society, commence in the second year of the reign of +Henry VI., 1423. Those of the Inner Temple, which contain the admittances +in 1547, and the calls to the bar in 1590; of the Middle Temple, which +contain a regular series of admissions and calls, about the year 1600; and +of Gray's Inn, about the year 1650. The earlier records of Gray's Inn were +destroyed by fire, but the Harleian MS. No. 1912., in the British Museum, +contains: + +An alphabetical list of gentlemen admitted to that society, with the dates +of their admission, from 1521 to 1674. + +Table of the admittances into Gray's Inn, declaring the names of the +gentlemen, the town and country whence they came, and the day, month, and +year when admitted, from the year 1626 to 1677. + +Arms and names of noblemen and knights admitted to the said society. + +An alphabetical list of all persons called to the bar by the said society. + +The Lansdowne MS. No. 106., which is also in the British Museum, contains: + +Names of benchers, associates, utter barristers, &c. of Lincoln's Inn, and +the same of the Inner Temple; and of the students of the several Inns of +Court, apparently about the end of the reign of Elizabeth. + +JAS. WHISHAW. + +Gower Street. + +The MS. Harl. 1912. contains the admissions to Gray's Inn. + +G. STEINMAN STEINMAN. + +_Inedited Lyric by Felicia Hemans_ (Vol. viii., p. 629.)--A surviving +relative of the authoress in question begs to answer to the correspondent +of "N. & Q." who has produced this lyric from an imperfect MS. original, +that the piece has not remained inedited, but is to be found in the several +complete editions of Mrs. Hemans's works published by Blackwood. The +playful signature of the letter alluded to, as well as the subject of the +lyric, it may be added, was suggested by some conversation respecting the +fanciful creatures of {651} fairy-land, with whose ideal queen the +authoress affected sportively to identify herself, and hence signed the +little poem, produced rather as a _jeu d'esprit_ than anything else, "Mab." +In its subsequently corrected form, as admitted in the editions of her +works, it is here subjoined: + + _Water Lilies: A Fairy Song._ + + "Come away, Elves! while the dew is sweet, + Come to the dingles where fairies meet; + Know that the lilies have spread their bells + O'er all the pools in our forest dells; + Stilly and lightly their vases rest + On the quivering sleep of the water's breast, + Catching the sunshine through the leaves that throw + To their scented bosoms an emerald glow; + And a star from the depths of each pearly cup, + A golden star, unto heav'n looks up, + As if seeking its kindred where bright they lie, + Set in the blue of the summer sky. + Come away, under arching boughs we'll float, + Making those urns each a fairy boat; + We'll row them with reeds o'er the fountains free, + And a tall flag-leaf shall our streamer be. + And we'll send out wild music so sweet and low, + It shall seem from the bright flower's heart to flow; + As if 'twere a breeze with a flute's low sigh, + Or water-drops train'd into melody, + Come away! for the midsummer sun grows strong, + And the life of the lily may not be long." + +ANON. + +_Derivation of Britain_ (Vol. viii., p. 344.).--Since my last reference to +this matter (Vol. viii., p. 445.) I find that the derivation of the name of +_Britain_ from _Barat-anach_ or _Brat-anach_, a land of tin, originated in +conjecture with Bochart, an oriental scholar and French protestant divine +in the first half of the seventeenth century. It certainly is a very +remarkable circumstance that the conjecture of a Frenchman as to the origin +of the name of _Britain_ should have been so curiously confirmed, as has +been shown by DR. HINCKS, through an Assyrian medium. + +G. W. + +Stansted, Montfichet. + +_Derivation of the Word Celt_ (Vol. viii., p. 271.).--If C. R. M. has +access to a copy of the Latin Vulgate, he will find the word which our +translators have rendered "an iron pen," in the book of Job, chap. xix. v. +24., there translated _Celte_. Not having the book in my possession, I will +not pretend to give the verse as a quotation.[2] + +T. B. B. H. + +[Footnote 2: 24. Stylo ferreo, et plumbi lamina, vel _celte_ sculpantur in +silice?] + +"_Kaminagadeyathooroosoomokanoogonagira_" (Vol. viii., p. 539.).--I happen +to have by me a transcript of the record in which this word occurs; and it +is followed immediately by another almost equally astounding, which +F. J. G. should, I think, have asked one of your correspondents to +translate while about the other. The following is the word: +_Arademaravasadeloovaradooyou_. They both appear to be names of estates. + +H. M. + +Peckham. + +_Cash_ (Vol. viii., pp. 386. 524.).--In _The Adventures of the Gooroo +Paramartan_, a tale in the Tamul language, accompanied by a translation and +a vocabulary, &c., by Benjamin Babington London, 1822, is the following: +"Fanam or casoo is unnecessary, I give it to you gratis." To which the +translator subjoins: "The latter word is usually pronounced _cash_ by +Europeans, but the Tamul orthography is used in the text, that the reader +may not take it for an English word." + + "Christmas-boxes are said to be an ancient custom here, and I would + almost fancy that our name of box for this particular kind of present, + the derivation of which is not very easy to trace in the European + languages, is a corruption of buckshish, a gift or gratuity, in + Turkish, Persian, and Hindoostanee. There have been undoubtedly more + words brought into our language from the East than I used to suspect. + _Cash_, which here means small money, is one of these; but of the + process of such transplantation I can form no conjecture."--Heber's + _Narrative of a Journey through the Upper Provinces of India_. vol. i. + p. 52. + +Angelo, in his _Gazophylaceum Linguae Persarum_, gives a Persian word of +the same signification and sound, as Italice _cassa_, Latine _capsa_, +Gallice _caisse_. + +BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. + +"_Antiquitas Saeculi Juventus Mundi_" (Vol. viii., p. 502., &c.).--The +authority of Fuller ought, I think, to be sufficient to establish that this +saying was Bacon's own and not a quotation. + +Fuller thus introduces it: "As _one_ excellently observes, 'Antiquitas +saeculi juventus mundi,'" &c., giving the remainder of the paragraph from +the _Advancement of Learning_; and refers in a note to Sir Frances Bacon's +_Advancement of Learning_ (_Holy and Profane State_, ch. vi.). + +E. S. T. T. + +_Caves at Settle, Yorkshire_ (Vol. viii., p. 412.).--BRIGANTIA will find a +very circumstantial and interesting account of these caves, and their +Romano-British contents, in vol. i. of Mr. Roach Smith's _Collectanea_. + +G. J. DE WILDE. + +_Character of the Song of the Nightingale_ (Vol. vii., p. 397.; Vol. viii., +pp. 112. 475.).--One poet, not so well known as he deserves, has escaped +the observation of those who have contributed to your valuable pages the +one hundred and seventy-five epithets which others of his craft have +applied to the "Midnight Minstrel." I allude to the Rev. F. W. Faber, in +his poem of the _Cherwell Water Lily_. This poem his now become scarce, so +I send you the lines to which I refer, as the "summary of epithets" which +they contain, as {652} well as their intrinsic beauty, render them worthy +of notice: + + "I heard the raptured nightingale, + Tell from yon elmy grove, his tale + Of jealousy and love, + In thronging notes that seem'd to fall, + As faultless and as musical, + As angels' strains above. + So sweet, they cast on all things round, + A spell of melody profound: + They charm'd the river in his flowing, + They stay'd the night-wind in its blowing, + They lull'd the lily to her rest, + Upon the Cherwell's heaving breast." + +To those interested in this subject, so full of historical and classical, +as well as poetical associations, I would mention that a late Master of +Caius College, Cambridge, the Rev. Dr. Davy, printed some years since, for +private circulation, a small pamphlet entitled _Observations on Mr. Fox's +Letter to Mr. Grey_, in which he refutes that eminent statesman's theory of +the _merry_ note of the nightingale. This pamphlet is so full of elegance +and classical research, that it is much to be regretted, not only that it +has never been published, but that it is the _only work_ of the learned +author--the friend and associate of Porson, of Parr, and of Maltby. I +possess a presentation copy, which, as only a very few copies were printed, +I would gladly lend to any of your readers interested in this curious and +long-pending controversy. + +NORRIS DECK. + +Cambridge. + +Add to the already long list, this from Spenser: + + "That blessed bird, that spends her time of sleep + In songs and plaintive pleas, the more t'augment + The memory of his misdeed that bred her woe." + +And this exquisite little song, written by I know not whom, but set to +music by Thomas Bateson in 1604: + + "The Nightingale, as soon as April bringeth + Unto her rested sense a perfect waking, + While late bare earth proud of her clothing springeth, + Sings out her woes, a thorn her song-book making; + And mournfully bewailing, + Her throat in tunes expresseth, + While grief her heart oppresseth, + For Tereus' force o'er her chaste will prevailing." + +H. GARDINER. + +_Inscriptions in Books_ (Vol. viii., p. 64. &c.).--John Bostock, sometime +Abbat of St. Alban's, gave some valuable books to the library of Gloucester +Hall, Oxford, with these lines in the commencement: + + "Quem si quis rapiat raptim, titulumve retractet, + Vel Judae laqueum, vel furcas sentiat. Amen." + +ANON. + +_Door-head Inscription_ (Vol. viii., p. 454.).--A friend has kindly sent me +an improved version of the inscription over the gate of the Apostolical +Chancery, which, with his permission, I beg to forward to you:-- + + "Fide Deo, dic saepe preces, peccare caveto, + Sis humilis, pacem dilige, magna fuge, + Multa audi, dic pauca, tace abdita, scito minori + Parcere, majori cedere, ferre parem, + Propria fac, persolve fidem, sis aequus egenis, + Parta tuere, pati disce, memento mori." + +H. T. ELLACOMBE. + +_Fogie_ (Vol. viii., pp. 154. 256.).--In the citadel of Plymouth, some +twenty or twenty-five years since, there was a band of old soldiers +(principally men of small stature) who went by this name. They were said to +be the only men acquainted with all the windings and outlets of the +subterranean passages of this fortification. + +The cognomen "old fogie" is in this neighbourhood frequently applied to old +men remarkable for shrewdness, cunning, quaintness, or eccentricity. This +use of the term is evidently figurative, borrowed from its application to +veteran soldiers. Cannot some of the military correspondents of "N. & Q." +give the origin of the word? + +ISAIAH W. N. KEYS. + +Plymouth. + +_Sir W. Hewet_ (Vol. viii., p. 270.).--MR. GRIFFITH will find in Thoresby's +_Ducatus Leodinensis_, p. 2. (Whittaker's edit.), a pedigree of the family +of Osborne, which gives two generations previous to Edward Osborne, who +married Ann Hewet, namely,-- + +Richard Osborne, who married Elizabeth, daughter of ---- Fyldene, by whom +he had Richard, who married Jane, daughter of John Broughton of Broughton, +Esq., and sister and heir to Edward and Lancelyn Broughton. + +Sir Edward Osborne, Knight, Citizen, and Lord Mayor of London (1582), who +died in 1591, married Ann, daughter and sole heir of Sir William Hewet, +Lord Mayor of London, 1559, by whom he had Sir Hewet Osborne, born 1567, +died 1614. Sir Edward had a second wife, Margaret, daughter of ----, who +died in 1602. + +There is a note at the bottom of the page, quoted from a MS. in the College +of Arms, E 1. fol. 190., "That this descent was registered the 30th March, +1568, when Hewet Osborne was the age of one year and ... days." + +EDWARD PEACOCK. + +Bottesford Moors, Kirton in Lindsey. + +_Ladies' Arms borne in a Lozenge_ (Vol. viii., pp. 37. 83. 277. 329.).--The +difference between the fusil and the lozenge is well known to all heralds, +though coach-painters and silversmiths do not {653} always sufficiently +describe it. If BROCTUNA, however, be a _practical_ herald, he must often +have experienced the difficulty of placing impalements or quarterings +correctly, even on a lozenge. On the long and narrow fusil it would be +impossible. When the fusil, instead of being a mere heraldic bearing, has +to be used as the shape of a shield for the actual use of the painter or +engraver, it must of necessity be widened into the lozenge; and as the +latter is probably only the same distaff with little more wool upon it, +there seems no objection to the arrangement. BROCTUNA is too good an +antiquary not to know on recollection that the "vyings of widows" had +little to do with funeral arrangements in those days. Procrustes, the +herald, came down at all great funerals, and regulated everything with just +so much pomp, and no more, as the precise rank of the deceased entitled him +to. + +P. P. had not the smallest intention of giving BROCTUNA offence by pointing +out what seems a fatal objection to his theory. + + + +Hugh Clark, a well-known modern writer upon Heraldry, gives the following +definition of the word lozenge: + + "Lozenge, a four-cornered figure, resembling a pane of glass in old + casements: some suppose it a physical composition given for colds, and + was invented to reward eminent physicians." + +Plutarch says, in the _Life of Theseus_, that at Megara, an ancient town of +Greece, the tombstones, under which the bodies of the Amazons lay, were +shaped after that form, which some conjecture to be the cause why ladies +have their arms on lozenges. + +RUBY. + +_The Crescent_ (Vol. viii., p. 319.).--Be so good as to insert in "N. & +Q.," for the information of J. W. THOMAS, that the Iceni (a people of +England, whose territory consisted of the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, +Essex, &c.) struck coins both in gold and silver; having on their reverses +crescents placed back to back generally, except where a rude profile is on +a few of them. + +Two of the gold coins have fallen into my possession; one of which, found +at Oxnead in this county, I supplied to the British Museum some years +since. Twelve of the silver coins are figured on a plate in Part LVII. of +the _Numismatic Chronicle_. MR. THOMAS observing (at p. 321.) he has no +work on numismatics, induces me to make this communication to him through +your very useful and instructive publication. + +GODDARD JOHNSON. + +Norfolk. + +_Abigail_ (Vol. iv., p. 424. Vol. v., pp. 38. 94. 450.).--The inquiry +suggested in the first of the above references, "Whence, or when, +originated the application of Abigail, as applied to a lady's maid?" has +not yet, to my mind, been satisfactorily answered. It occurs to me that it +may have been derived from the notorious Abigail Hill, better known as Mrs. +Masham, a poor relative of Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, and by her +introduced to a subordinate place about the person of Queen Anne. She +rapidly acquired sufficient influence to supplant her benefactress. The +intrigues of the Tory party received sufficient furtherance from this +bedchamber official to effect ultimately the downfall of the Whig ministry; +and the use of the term by Dean Swift, of which your original Querist MR. +WARDEN speaks, would suffice to give currency and to associate the name of +so famous an _intriguante_ with the office which she filled. It must be +matter of opinion whether the Dean (as MR. W. thinks) employed the term as +_not new in those_ days, or as one which had _taken_ so rapidly in the +current conversation of the day, as to require but his putting it in print +to establish it in its new sense so long as the language shall be spoken or +written. + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +_Handbook to the Library of the British Museum_ (Vol. viii., p. +511.).--Neither Lord Seymour, nor MR. BOLTON CORNEY, nor Mr. Richard Sims, +can with justice claim originality in the suggestion carried out by the +latter gentleman in the publication of his _Handbook to the Library of the +British Museum_. + +In my own collection is a book entitled,-- + + "A Critical and Historical Account of all the celebrated Libraries in + Foreign Countries, as well ancient as modern, with general Reflections + on the choice of Books," &c.... "A work of great use to all men of + letters. By a Gentleman of the Temple. London, printed for J. Jolliffe, + in St James's Street, MDCCXXXIX." + +In the preface to which work the author says: + + "It will be highly useful to such noblemen and gentlemen as visit + foreign countries, _by instructing them in the manner of perusing + whatever is curious in the Vatican and other famous libraries_." + +And in which he promises that-- + + "If it should meet with the approbation of the public, he (the author) + will proceed with the _libraries of these kingdoms_," &c. + +F. SEYMOUR HADEN. + +Chelsea. + +_The Arms of Richard, King of the Romans_ (Vol. viii., pp. 265. 454.). With +every respect for such heraldic authorities as MR. GOUGH and MR. LOVER, I +think the question as to whether the so-called bezants in the arms of +Richard, King of the Romans, referred to his earldom of Poictou or of +Cornwall, inclines in favour of the former: for instance, in 1253 he +granted to the {654} monks of Okebury a release of suit and service within +his manor of Wallingford, which charter has a seal appended bearing an +impress of the earl armed on horseback, with a _lion rampant crowned_ on +his surcoat, inscribed "Sigillum Richardi Comitis Cornubiae." Now this +inscription seems to identify the lion as pertaining to the earldom of +Cornwall; surely, if the bezants represented this earldom, they would not +have been omitted on his seal as _Comes Cornubiae_. + +Again, a very high heraldic authority, one of deep research, Mr. J. R. +Planche, gives this opinion on the subject: + + "The border bezantee, or talentee, of Richard, King of the Romans, is + no representation of coins but of peas (_poix_), being the arms of + Poitiers or Poictou (Menestrier, _Orig._, p. 147.), of which he was + earl, and not of his other earldom of Cornwall, as imagined by Sandford + and others. The adoption of bezants as the arms of Cornwall, and by so + many Cornish families on that account, are all subsequent assumptions + derived from the arms of Earl Richard aforesaid, the peas having been + promoted into bezants by being gilt, and become identified with the + Cornish escutcheon as the garbs of Blundeville are with that of + Chester, or the coat of Cantelupe with that of the see of + Hereford."--_The Pursuivant at Arms_, p. 136. + +A simple Query then would seem to settle this matter. Is any instance known +of bezants occurring as the arms of Cornell previous to the time of Earl +Richard, or earlier than the commencement of the thirteenth century? + +NORRIS DECK. + +Cambridge. + +_Greek and Roman Fortifications_ (Vol. viii., p. 469.).--J. H. J. will find +some information on this subject in Fosbroke's _Grecian and Roman +Antiquities_ (Longman, 1833). + +JOHN SCRIBE. + +_Osbernus filius Herfasti_ (Vol. viii., p. 515.).--In reply to the Query of +MR. SANSOM, "Whether Osborn de Crespon, the brother of the Duchess of +Normandy, had a brother of the same name?" I beg to reply that there +appears to be distinct evidence that he had; for in a grant of lands by +Richard II., Duke of Normandy, who died in 1026, to the monks of St. +Michael, there are, along with the signatures of his son Richard and +several other witnesses, those of _Osbernus frater Comitissae_, and +_Osbernus filius Arfast_ (_Lobineau_, tom. ii. p. 97.). One of those may +probably have become Abbot of S. Evroult. No doubt MR. SANSOM is well aware +that one of the same family was Osborn, Bishop of Exeter. He was a son of +Osborn de Crespon, and brother of the Earl of Hereford, premier peer of +England. In 1066 he forbad the monks to be buried in the cloisters of their +monasteries; but they resisted his injunction, and, on an appeal to the +Pope, obtained a decision against him (_Mabillon_). For an eulogium on him +see Godwin, _De presul. Angl_. He died in 1104, and was buried in the +cathedral at Exeter. + +I would observe that the ancient orthography of the name is Osbern, which +was continued for many centuries, and may even now be seen in Maidwell +Church, Northamptonshire, on the monument of Lady Gorges, the daughter of +Sir John Osbern, who died in 1633. + +OMICRON. + +I think there can be little doubt that Herfastus "the Dane" was the father +of Gunnora, wife of Rich. I., Duke of Normandy; of Aveline, wife of +Osbernus de Bolebec, Lord of Bolbec and Count of Longueville; and of Weira, +wife of Turolf de Pont Audomere. The brother of these three sisters was +another Herfastus, Abbot of St. Evrau; who was the father of Osbernus de +Crepon, Steward of the Household, and Sewer to the Conqueror. + +H. C. C. + +_Devonianisms_ (Vol. viii., p. 65.).--Your correspondent MR. KEYS is at a +loss for the origin of the word _plum_, as used in Devonshire. Surely it is +the same word as _plump_, although employed in a somewhat different sense. +_Plum_ or _plump_, as applied to a bed, would certainly convey the idea of +softness or downiness. As to the employment of the word as a verb, I +conceive that it is analogous to an expression which I have often heard +used by cooks, in speaking of meat or poultry, "to plump up." A cook will +say of a fowl which appears deficient in flesh, "It is a young bird; it +will plump up when it comes to the fire." A native of Devonshire would +simply say, "It will plum." + +As to the word _clunk_, it is in use throughout Cornwall in the sense of +"to swallow," and is undoubtedly Celtic. On referring to Le Gonidec's +_Dictionnaire Celto-Breton_, I find "_Lonka_, or _Lounka_, v.a. _avaler_." + +I have neither a Welsh dictionary nor one of the ancient Cornish language +at hand, but I have no doubt that the same word, with the same +signification, will be found in both those dialects of the Celtic, probably +with some difference of spelling, which would bring it nearer to the word +_clunk_. + +It is not wonderful that a word, the sound of which is so expressive of the +action, should have continued in use among an illiterate peasantry long +after the language from which it is derived was forgotten; but many pure +Celtic words, which have not this recommendation, are still in common use +in Cornwall, and a collection of them would be highly interesting. Could +not some of your antiquarian correspondents in the west, MR. BOASE of +Penzance for example, furnish such a list? I will mention one or two words +which I chance to remember: _mabyer_, a chicken, Breton _mab_, a son, +_iar_, a hen; _vean_, little, Breton _vihan_. {655} + +To persons acquainted with the Welsh or Breton, the names of places in +Cornwall, though sometimes strangely corrupted, are almost all significant. +The dialect of Celtic spoken in Cornwall appears to have approached more +closely to the latter than to the former of these tongues; or perhaps, +speaking more correctly, it formed a connecting link between them, as +Cornwall itself lies about midway between Wales and Brittany. + +EDGAR MACCULLOCH. + +Guernsey. + +_Gentile Names of the Jews_ (Vol. viii., p. 563.).--The names of +Rothschild, Montefiore, and Davis are family names, and not _noms de +guerre_. + +It is possible that the honoured names of Rothschild and Montefiore date +from a purchase by some one of their ancestry of _Gentile castles or +lands_, and with it the purchase right of name. + +Davis is legitimately Jewish, but probably the Gentile name of Davis cannot +boast of its pure source, and no doubt where Gentile pedigree loses trace, +Jewish descent commences, either by a left-handed Jew connexion with a +Gentile fair one, or a renegade ancestry. + +ISRAEL BEN ISAAC. + +Red Lion Square. + +_Longevity_ (Vol. viii., p. 113.).--On October 15, Judy, a slave, died on +the plantation of Edmund B. Richardson, in Bladen county, North Carolina, +aged 110 years. She was one of eight slaves who nearly sixty years ago were +the first settlers on the plantation, where she died. Of the seven others, +one died over 90 years of age, another 93, and a third 81; two are living, +one 75 and the other over 60 years of age. + +Within five miles of the place where Judy died, William Pridgen lived, who +died about five years ago, aged 122 years. + +David Kennison, a soldier of the Revolution, died near Albany (N. Y.) on +the 24th of February, 1852, aged 117 years. + +M. E. + +Philadelphia. + +_Reversible Names_ (Vol. viii., p. 244.).--Emme might have been added to +your correspondent's list, a female name which, when first known in +England, was spelt as above written, and not Emma, as at the present time. +In an old book I have seen the name and its meaning thus recorded,--in +English, _Emme_; in French, _Emme, bonne nourrice_. + +I must beg to differ in opinion from your correspondent, even with his +epicene restriction, who states "that _varium et mutabile semper femina_ +only means that whatever reads backwards and forwards, the same is _always +feminine_." + +If M. will take the trouble to look in Boyle's _Court Guide_ for 1845, p. +358., he will find the name of a late very distinguished general officer, +Sir Burges Camac. A wealthy branch of this family is now established in the +United States, and one of its members bears the name of Camac Camac. + +I am unable to give M. another instance, and doubt if one can be easily +found where the Christian and surnames of a gentleman are alike, and both +reversible. + +W. W. + +Malta. + +_Etymology of Eve_.--Only one instance of a reversible name seems to me at +present among the _propria quae maribus_, and that is Bob. As, however, the +name of our universal mother has been brought forward, you will, perhaps, +allow me to transcribe the following remarkable etymology: + + "Omnes nascimur ejulantes, ut nostram miseriam exprimamus. Masculus + enim recenter natus dicit A; foemina vero E; dicentes E vel A quotquot + nascuntur ab Eva. Quid est igitur _Eva_ nisi _heu ha_? Utrumque + dolentis est interjectio doloris exprimens magnitudinem. Hinc enim ante + peccatum virago, post peccatum _Era_ meruit appellari.... Mulier autem + ut naufragus, cum parit tristitiam habet," &c.--_De Contemptu Mundi_, + lib. i. c. 6., a Lothario, diacono cardinali, S.S. Sergii et Bacchi, + editus, qui postea Innocentius Papa III. appellatus est. + +BALLIOLENSIS. + +_Manifesto of the Emperor Nicholas_ (Vol. viii., p. 585.).--Allow me to +correct a gross error into which I have been led, by an imperfect +concordance, in hastily concluding that the words "In te Domine speravi, +non confundar in aeternum," were not in the Psalms, as I have found them in +the Vulgate, Psalms xxxi. 1. and lxxi. 1. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +_Binometrical Verse_ (Vol. viii., pp. 292. 375.).--In answer to these +inquiries, the copyright of this united hexameter and pentameter belongs to +Mr. De la Pryme, of Trin. Coll., Cambridge, who is also the author of +another line which is both an alcaic and sapphic: + + "Quando nigrescit sacra latro patrat." + +X. + +_Gale of Rent_ (Vol. viii., p. 563.).--Gale [_Gavel_, Sax., a rent or +duty,] a periodical payment of rent. The Latin form of the word is +_gabellum_, and the French _gabelle_. (See Wharton's _Law Lexicon_.) + +[Greek: Halieus]. + +Dublin. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +_The History of Millwall, commonly called the Isle of Dogs, including +Notices of the West India Docks and City Canal, and Notes on Poplar, +Blackwall, Limehouse,_ {656} _and Stepney_, by B. H. Cowper, is +unquestionably one of the most carefully compiled, and judiciously +arranged, little topographical works, which we have ever been called upon +to notice. The intelligent M.P. who is recorded to have asked a witness +before a select committee for the _precise_ locality of the Isle of Dogs, +and to have been satisfied with the answer "Between London Bridge and +Gravesend," may, if inclined to pursue his inquiries, find its history told +most fully and most agreeably in the little volume now before us. + +In our Number for the 21st of May last, we called attention to, and spoke +in terms of fitting approbation of, the First Part of _The English Bible_; +containing the Old and New Testaments, according to the authorised version; +newly divided into paragraphs, with concise Introductions to the several +Books, and with Maps and Notes illustrative of the Chronology, History, and +Geography of the Holy Scriptures; containing also the most remarkable +variations of the Ancient Versions, and the chief results of Modern +Criticism. Part II., comprising _Exodus_ and _Leviticus_, is now before us, +and exhibits the same merits as its predecessor. + +Mr. Miller, of Chandos Street, who during the past year added to the value +of the Monthly Catalogues by the addition to each of them of several pages +of literary and bibliographical miscellanies, has just collected these into +a little volume, under the title of _Fly Leaves, or Scraps and Sketches, +Literary, Bibliographical, and Miscellaneous_, which may find a fitting +place beside Davis's _Olio_, and other works of that class. + +We regret to learn, as we do from the _Literary Gazette_ of Saturday last, +that the Trustees of the British Museum, in defiance of the earnest +recommendation of the Society of Antiquaries and of the Archaeological +Institute, and with a total disregard of the feelings and opinions of those +best qualified to advise them upon the subject, have declined to purchase +the Faussett Collection of Early Antiquities, and consequently will lose +the Fairford Collection offered to them as a free gift by Mr. Wylie: so +that the enlightened foreigner, who visits this great national +establishment, and admiring its noble collections of Greek, Roman, +Egyptian, and Assyrian antiquities, asks, "but where are your own national +antiquities?" must still be answered, "We have not got one!" They certainly +do manage these things better in France and Denmark. + +Our readers, we have no doubt, shared the regret with which we read the +advertisement in our columns last week from the Rev. Dr. Hincks, who, from +the want of encouragement, and in the face of peculiarly adverse +circumstances, is compelled to withdraw from the field of Assyrian +discovery; and who is advertising for some competent person who will work +out what he has in progress. Although Assyrian literature may at present be +discouraged by the Church and neglected by the Universities, there can be +little doubt that it must ere long assume a very different position: and we +therefore trust that some means may yet be taken to prevent Dr. Hincks' +withdrawal from a field of study in which he has been so successful. + +As we have deviated from our usual course in noticing subjects advertised +in our pages, we take the opportunity of calling the attention of our +antiquarian friends to the advertisement from the Rev. G. Cumming on the +subject of the casts now making from the Runic Monuments in the Isle of +Man. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +ISAAC TAYLOR'S PHYSICAL THEORY OF ANOTHER LIFE. + +*** Letters stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +BRISTOL DROLLERY. 1674. + +HOLBORN DROLLERY. 1673. + +HICK'S GRAMMATICAL DROLLERY. 1682. + +OXFORD JESTS. + +CAMBRIDGE JESTS. + + Wanted by _C. S._, 12. Gloucester Green, Oxford. + + * * * * * + +MUDIE'S BRITISH BIRDS. Bohn. 1841. 2nd Volume. + +WAVERLEY. 1st Edition. + + Wanted by _F. R. Sowerby_, Halifax. + + * * * * * + +DR. H. MORE'S PHILOSOPHICAL WORKS Lond. 1662. Folio. + +HIRCHER'S MUSURGIA UNIVERSALIS. Romae, 1650. 2 Toms in 1. Folio. + + Wanted by _J. G._, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton Street, + Dublin. + + * * * * * + +ORMEROD'S CHESHIRE, Parts II. and X. Small Paper. + +HEMINGWAY'S CHESTER. Parts I. and III. Large Paper. + + Wanted by _T. Hughes_, 13. Paradise Row, Chester. + + * * * * * + +AARON HILL'S PLAIN DEALER. + +EDINBURGH MISCELLANY. Edinb. 1720. + + Wanted by _F. Dinsdale_, Leamington. + + * * * * * + +LADERCHII ANNALES ECCLESIASTICI. 3 Tom. Folio. Romae, 1728-37. + +THE BIBLE in Shorthand, according to the method of Mr. James Weston, whose +Shorthand Prayer Book was published in the Year 1730. A Copy of Addy's +Copperplate Shorthand Bible, London, 1687, would be given in exchange. + +LOESCHER, DE LATROCINIIS, QUAE IN SCRIPTORES PUBLICOS SOLENT COMMITTERE +HAERETICI. 4to. Vitemb. 1674. + +LOESCHER, ACTA REFORMATIONIS. + +SCHRAMM, DISSERT. DE LIBRORUM PROHIBITORUM INDICIBUS. 4to. Helmst. 1708. + +JAMESII SPECIMEN CORRUPTELARUM PONTIFIC. 4to. Lond. 1626. + +MACEDO, DIATRIBE DE CARDINALIS BONAE ERRORIBUS. + + Wanted by _Rev. Richard Gibbings_, Falcarragh, Letterkenny, Co. Donegal. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +No. 219.--_On Saturday, January 7, 1854, the opening Number of our_ New +Volume _will contain numerous interesting papers by many of our most +distinguished Contributors._ + +_We are compelled to postpone until next week our usual_ NOTICES TO +CORRESPONDENTS. + +INDEX TO VOLUME THE EIGHTH.--_This is in a very forward state, and will, we +trust, be ready for delivery with_ No. 221. _on the_ 21_st of January_. + +_Errata._--Vol. viii., p. 444. col. 2. l. 45., for "nearly" read "near;" p. +445. col. 1. l. 24., for "Severn" read "Levern," and (in three places) for +"Maywell" read "Maxwell;" p. 562. col. 1. l. 3., for "Leaman" read +"Seaman;" p. 568. l. 5. from the bottom, for "sine angulus" read "sine +angulis;" p. 594. col. 2. l. 28., after "Richard" insert "son of," and l. +30., after "he" insert "(the Father)." + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday._ + +{657} + + * * * * * + + +CHEAP EDITION OF THE LIVES OF THE QUEENS. + +NOTICE. + + With the Magazines, on the 1st of January, will be published, + beautifully printed in post 8vo., Embellished with FOURTEEN PORTRAITS, + including that of the Author, price 7s. 6d. elegantly bound, The FIRST + VOLUME of a NEW and CHEAP EDITION of the + +LIVES OF THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND. + +By AGNES STRICKLAND. + +This NEW and CHEAP EDITION, embellished with PORTRAITS of every QUEEN, +engraved from the most authentic Sources, and combining all other late +Improvements, will be regularly published and completed in EIGHT MONTHLY +VOLUMES POST OCTAVO: containing from 600 to 700 pages each, price only 7s. +6d. per volume, handsomely bound: and those who may desire to obtain Copies +on the Day of Publication, are requested to send their Orders immediately +to their respective Booksellers. + +Published for HENRY COLBURN, by his Successors, HURST & BLACKETT, 13. 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The additional + notes and illustrations are extensive, and wherever Gibbon's religious + views are opposed, as they often are, both sides of the argument are + given unflinchingly. + +HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + + +Price 9-1/2d. sewed, + +CHAMBERS'S EDINBURGH JOURNAL.--PART CXX. FOR JANUARY. + + W. & R. CHAMBERS, + London and Edinburgh. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, price 3s. 6d. cloth, gilt. + +MARTIN LUTHER'S SPIRITUAL SONGS. Translated by R. MASSIE, ESQ., of +Eccleston. + + London: HATCHARD & SON. + Chester: PRICHARD, ROBERTS, & CO. + + * * * * * + + +CASSELL'S ILLUSTRATED FAMILY PAPER. Price One Penny. No. 2. was ready for +delivery December 28. 150,000 of No. 1. have been sold in little more than +a week. It contains Eight Pages the same size as the "Illustrated London +News," and filled with numerous highly-finished Engravings. + + J. CASSELL, Ludgate Hill. + +Order of any Bookseller in the United Kingdom. + + * * * * * + + +THE SACRED GARLAND, or THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DELIGHT. + + "Pluck a Flower." + + A New Edition of the above excellent and popular work will shortly be + published in large type, crown 8vo., and may be obtained of any + respectable bookseller in town or country. + + MILNER & SOWERBY, Halifax. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s. + +NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS of NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the +"Microscopic Cabinet." by ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + +Also, in 8vo.; pp. 720; Plates 24; price 21s., or coloured, 36s., + +A HISTORY Of INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing +Descriptions of every Species, British and foreign; the methods of +procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By +ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + + "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._ + +Also, price 8s. 6d., + +MICROGRAPHIA, or Practical Essays on Reflecting and Solar Microscopes; +Eye-Pieces; Micrometers, &c. + +Also, edited by the same, price 18s., + +ENGLISH PATENTS; being a Register of all those granted in the Arts, +Manufactures, Chemistry, &c., during the first forty-five years of this +century. + + WHITTAKER & Co., Ave Maria Lane. + + * * * * * + + +APPROVED EDUCATIONAL WORKS FOR SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES. + +ALLEN AND CORNWELL'S GRAMMAR. With very Copious Exercises, and a Systematic +View of the Formation and Derivation of Words, together with Anglo-Saxon, +Latin, and Greek Lists, which explain the Etymology of above 7,000 English +Words. Fifteenth Edition, 2s., red leather; 1s. 9d., cloth. + +GRAMMAR FOR BEGINNERS. Twenty-second Edition, 1s. cloth, 9d. sewed. + +Also, + +THE YOUNG COMPOSER; or, Progressive Exercises in English Composition. Part +I., comprising Sentence-making, Variety of Expression, and Figurative +Language; together with Appendices on Punctuation and the Use of Capitals. +By JAMES CORNWELL, Ph. D. Fifteenth Edition. 1s. 6d. cloth. + +Also, + +A KEY TO THE YOUNG COMPOSER. With Hints as to the Mode of Using the Book. +Price 3s. + +Also, + +SELECT ENGLISH POETRY. Edited by the late DR. ALLEN. Seventh Edition, price +4s. + +Also, + +DR. ALLEN'S EUTROPIUS. With a Complete Dictionary and Index of Proper +Names. New Edition, price 3s. + +Also, + +A SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY. By JAMES CORNWELL, Ph. D. Fifteenth Edition. 3s. 6d.; +or with Thirty Maps on Steel, 5s. 6d. + +Also, by the same, + +A SCHOOL ATLAS. Consisting of Thirty beautifully executed Maps on Steel. +2s. 6d. plain, 4s. coloured. + + "Characterised by perspicuity, accuracy, careful and truly scientific + arrangement, and unusual condensation. In the hands of a good teacher, + these cannot but be highly efficient school-books. The qualities we now + indicate have secured to them extensive use, and Dr. Cornwell is now + sure of a general welcome to his labours, a welcome which the intrinsic + excellence of such books as these cannot but command."--_Christian + Times._ + + London: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, & CO.; HAMILTON, ADAMS, & CO. + Edinburgh: OLIVER & BOYD; W. P. KENNEDY. + + * * * * * + + +Second Edition, in cloth, 1s.; by post, 1s. 6d.; pp. 192. + +WELSH SKETCHES. Third (and last) Series. By the Author of "Proposals for +Christian Union." + + CONTENTS: + + 1. Edward the Black Prince. + 2. Owen Glendower, Prince of Wales. + 3. Mediaeval Bardism. + 4. The Welsh Church. + + "Abounds with the results of antiquarian researches, conducted in a + patient and intelligent spirit; and really forms an important + contribution to popular literature."--_Chester Courant._ + + "Will be read with great satisfaction, not only by all sons of the + Principality, but by all who look with interest on that portion of our + island in which the last traces of our ancient British race and + language still linger."--_Notes and Queries._ + +London: J. DARLING, 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. + +{658} + + * * * * * + + +SURREY ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. + +PRESIDENT.--His Grace the Duke of Norfolk. + +Gentlemen desiring to join the Society, are informed that Copies of the +Rules, List of Members (upwards of 250), and Forms of Application for +Admission, may be obtained from the Honorary Secretary. + + L s. + Annual Subscription 0 10 + Composition for Life 5 0 + +On and after January 1, 1854, an entrance fee of 10s. will be required, +from which those Members who join the Society during the present month will +be exempt. + + GEORGE BISH WEBB, + Honorary Secretary. + 46. Addison Road North, Notting Hill. + + * * * * * + + +TO ANTIQUARIES AND SECRETARIES OF PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. + +THE REV. J. G. CUMMING, M.A., F.G.S., Vice-Principal of King William +College, Castletown, who is engaged in the Preparation of a Work on the +Monumental Remains of the Isle of Man, is superintending the labours of an +Italian Artist in taking Casts of the most beautiful and important Runic +Crosses, to be placed in the Insular Museum at the College: Parties +desiring Duplicates may obtain full particulars of cost, &c. by application +as above. + + * * * * * + + +ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE. + +REV. DR. E. HINCKS would dispose of a number of Books and MSS. connected +with the Assyrian Language, and would also give viva voce Instruction +therein to a Gentleman who may be willing to devote himself to this +important Study; and who, from his age, antecedents, and present position, +may appear to him likely to succeed in it. Apply to him at the Rectory, +Killyleagh, Co. Down, before the 21st of January. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, History, +Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had considerable +experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS. HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +THE MOST COMFORTABLE NEW YEAR'S PRESENT is HEAL & SON'S EIDER DOWN QUILT. +It is the warmest, the lightest, and the most elegant Covering, suitable +for the Bed, the Couch, or the Carriage; and for Invalids, its comfort +cannot be too highly appreciated. It is made in Three Varieties, of which a +large Assortment can be seen at their Establishment. List of Prices of the +above, together with the Catalogue of Bedsteads, sent Free by Post. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.--EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY. + +AMUSEMENT FOR LONG EVENINGS, by means of STATHAM'S Chemical Cabinets and +Portable Laboratories, 5s. 6d., 7s. 6d., 10s. 6d., 21s., 31s. 6d., 42s., +63s., and upwards. Book of Experiments, 6d. "Illustrated Descriptive +Catalogue" forwarded Free for Stamp. + + WILLIAM E. STATHAM, Operative Chemist, 29c. Rotherfield Street, + Islington, London, and of Chemists and Opticians everywhere. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by +Special Permission to + +THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. + +PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by the +Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged for +Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for the +Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, +by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty, 4to., neat, +in morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell +Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post-office Order for +that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers and Music +Warehouses. + + "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our + Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._ + + "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this + country."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well + merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears."--_Musical + World._ + + "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting + of very superior character to any which has hitherto appeared."--_John + Bull._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + +Also, lately published, + +J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel +Royal St. James, price 2s. + +C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street. + + * * * * * + + +QUEENWOOD COLLEGE, + +NEAR STOCKBRIDGE, HANTS. + +_Principal_--GEORGE EDMONDSON. + +_Mathematics and Natural Philosophy._--Dr. Thos. A. Hirst, of the +Universities of Marburg and Berlin. + +_Chemistry_--Dr. H. Debus, late Assistant in the Laboratory of Professor +Bunsen, and Chemical Lecturer in the University of Marburg. + +_Classics and History._--Mr. John S. Mummery, L.C.P. + +_Modern Languages and Foreign Literature._--Mr. John Haas, from M. de +Fellenberg's Institution, Hofwyl, Switzerland. + +_Geodesy._--Mr. Richard P. Wright. + +_Painting and Drawing._--Mr. Richard P. Wright. + +_English, and Junior Mathematics._--Frederick Iliff, M.A., late Scholar of +Trinity College, Cambridge, and M.C.P. + +DITTO.--Mr. William Singleton. + +_Music._--Mr. William Cornwall. + +TERMS. + + For Boys under 12 years of age 40l. per ann. + " from 12 to 16 50 " + " above 16 60 " + +For further information see Prospectus, to be had of the Principal. + +The First Session of 1854 commences on the 26th of January. + + * * * * * + + +PRINCE OF WALES'S SKETCH-BOX.--Containing Colours, Pencils, &c., with +printed directions, as now used by the Royal Family. Price 5s. + + MILLER'S. Artist's Colour Manufacturer, 56. Long Acre, London; and at + her Majesty's Steam Colour and Pencil Works, Pimlico. + + * * * * * + + +SPECTACLES.--Every Description of SPECTACLES and EYE-GLASSES for the +Assistance of Vision, adapted by means of Smee's Optometer: that being the +only correct method of determining the exact focus of the Lenses required, +and of preventing injury to the sight by the use of improper Glasses. + +BLAND & LONG. Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +TO ARTISTS, ENGRAVERS, PRINTSELLERS, ETC. + +This Day, 8vo., 3s. 6d. + +THE LAWS OF ARTISTIC COPYRIGHT, AND THEIR DEFECTS. For the Use of Artists, +Sculptors, Engravers, Printsellers, &c. By D. ROBERTON BLAINE, ESQ., of the +Middle Temple, Barrister-at-Law. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +WORKS BY EDWARD JESSE, ESQ. + +Now Ready. + +JESSE'S COUNTRY LIFE. Third Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 6s. + +II. + +JESSE'S NATURAL HISTORY. Seventh Edition. Fcap. 8vo. 6s. + +III. + +JESSE'S FAVOURITE HAUNTS. With Twenty Woodcuts. Post 8vo. 12s. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +FRASER'S MAGAZINE FOR JANUARY, price 2s. 6d., or by poet 3s., contains: + + The Birth of the Year. By Frederick Tennyson. + + The Decline and Fall of the Corporation of London.--I. The + Constitution. + + Dr. Veron's Memoirs. + + General Bounce; or, The Lady and the Locusts. By the Author of "Digby + Grand." Chaps. I. and II. + + Lord Palmerston and the Presbytery of Edinburgh. + + The Freight of the Jacobina. + + A Visit to the Hospital for Sick Children. + + The Principle of the Grecian Mythology; or, How the Greeks made their + Gods. + + Young Germany. + + Cambridge Life according to C. A. Bristed. With Notes by P. Jenkinson. + + Gallinaceana. + + A Few Words on Irish Antiquities. + + Derbyism. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, fcap 8vo., 2s. 6d. cloth, Vol. I. of the POETICAL WORKS OF JOHN +DRYDEN, with Historical and Illustrative Notes and Biographical Memoir, +containing New Facts and several Original Letters of the Poet, now +published for the first time, being the Commencement of a New and Annotated +Edition of the ENGLISH POETS. By ROBERT BELL. To be continued in Monthly +Volumes, price 2s. 6d. each, in cloth. + +London: JOHN W. PARKER & SON, West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, Vols. III. and IV. (price 28s. cloth) of THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND +and the Courts at Westminster. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A, + + Volume Three, 1272--1377. + Volume Four 1377--1485. + +Lately published, price 28s. cloth, + + Volume One 1066--1199. + Volume Two 1199--1272. + + "A book which is essentially sound and truthful, and must therefore + take its stand in the permanent literature of our country."--_Gent. + Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN & CO. + + * * * * * + + +LINCOLN'S ONE HUNDREDTH CATALOGUE OF BOOKS. + +W. S. LINCOLN, Cheltenham House, Westminster Road, London, has just issued +his ONE HUNDREDTH CATALOGUE (for January, 1854) of Cheap Second-Hand +English, Foreign, Classical, and Miscellaneous Books: a Copy of which he +will send Gratis and Post Free to any gentleman in Town or Country who +applies for the same. {659} + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. + G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age L s. d. | Age L s. d. + 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 + 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 + 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +Solicitors' & General Life Assurance Society, + +52. CHANCERY LANE, LONDON. + + * * * * * + +_Subscribed Capital, ONE MILLION._ + + * * * * * + +THIS SOCIETY PRESENTS THE FOLLOWING ADVANTAGES: + +The Security of a Subscribed Capital of ONE MILLION. + +Exemption of the Assured from all Liability. + +Premiums affording particular advantages to Young Lives. + +Participating and Non-Participating Premiums. + +In the former EIGHTY PER CENT. or FOUR-FIFTHS of the Profits are divided +amongst the Assured Triennially, either by way of addition to the sum +assured, or in diminution of Premium, at their option. + +No deduction is made from the four-fifths of the profits for Interest on +Capital, for a Guarantee Fund, or on any other account. + +POLICIES FREE OF STAMP DUTY and INDISPUTABLE, except in case of fraud. + +At the General Meeting, on the 31st May last, A BONUS was declared of +nearly Two Per Cent. per annum on the _amount assured_, or at the rate of +from THIRTY to upwards of SIXTY per cent. on the _Premiums paid_. + +Policies share in the Profits, even if ONE PREMIUM ONLY has been paid. + +Next DIVISION OF PROFITS in 1856. + +The Directors meet on Thursdays at 2 o'Clock. Assurances may be effected by +applying on any other day, between the hours of 10 and 4, at the Office of +the Society, where prospectuses and all other requisite information can be +obtained. + +CHARLES JOHN GILL, Secretary. + + * * * * * + + +XYLO-IODIDE OF SILVER, exclusively used at all the Photographic +Establishments.--The superiority of this preparation is now universally +acknowledged. Testimonials from the best Photographers and principal +scientific men of the day, warrant the assertion, that hitherto no +preparation has been discovered which produces uniformly such perfect +pictures, combined with the greatest rapidity of action. In all cases where +a quantity is required, the two solutions may be had at Wholesale price in +separate Bottles, in which state it may be kept for years, and Exported to +any Climate. Full instructions for use. + +CAUTION.-- Each Bottle is Stamped with a Red Label bearing my name, RICHARD +W. THOMAS, Chemist, 10. Pall Mall, to counterfeit which is felony. + +CYANOGEN SOAP: for removing all kinds of Photographic Stains. The Genuine +is made only by the Inventor, and is secured with a Red Label bearing this +Signature and Address, RICHARD W. THOMAS, CHEMIST, 10. PALL MALL, +Manufacturer of Pure Photographic Chemicals: and may be procured of all +respectable Chemists, in Pots at 1s., 2s., and 3s. 6d.. each, through +MESSRS. EDWARDS, 67. St. Paul's Churchyard; and MESSRS. BARCLAY & CO., 95. +Farringdon Street, Wholesale Agents. + + * * * * * + + +POLICY HOLDERS in other COMPANIES and intending Assurers generally, are +invited to examine the Rates, Principles, and Progress of the SCOTTISH +PROVIDENT INSTITUTION, the only Society in which the Advantages of Mutual +Assurance can be secured by moderate Premiums. Established 1837. Number of +Policies issued 6,400, assuring upwards of Two and a Half Millions. + +Full Reports and every Information had (Free) on Application. + +*** Policies are now issued Free of Stamp Duty; and attention is invited to +the circumstance that Premiums payable for Life Assurance are now allowed +as a Deduction from Income in the Returns for Income Tax. + +GEORGE GRANT. Resident Sec. London Branch, 12. Moorgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites. Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION. No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 Guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY. + +A COMPLETE SET OF APPARATUS for 4l. 4s., containing an Expanding Camera, +with warranted Double Achromatic Adjusting Lenses, a Portable Stand, +Pressure Frame, Levelling Stand, and Baths, complete. + +PORTRAIT LENSES of double Achromatic combination, from 1l. 12s. 6d. + +LANDSCAPE LENSES, with Rack Adjustment, from 25s. + +A GUIDE to the Practice of this interesting Art, 1s., by post free, 1s. 6d. + +French Polished MAHOGANY STEREOSCOPES, from 10s. 6d. A large assortment of +STEREOSCOPIC PICTURES for the same in Daguerreotype, Calotype, or Albumen, +at equally low prices. + +ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPES. + +Beautifully finished ACHROMATIC MICROSCOPE, with all the latest improvement +and apparatus, complete from 3l. 15s., at + +C. BAKER'S. Optical and Mathematical Instrument Warehouse, 264. High +Holborn (opposite Day & Martin's). + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.--An EXHIBITION of PICTURES, by the most +celebrated French, Italian, and English Photographers, embracing Views of +the principal Countries and Cities of Europe, is now OPEN. Admission 6d. A +Portrait taken by MR. TALBOT'S Patent Process, One Guinea; Three extra +Copies for 10s. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, 168. NEW BOND STREET. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.--OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, +is superior to every other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, +from its capability of Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, +its Portability, and its adaptation for taking either Views or +Portraits.--The Trade supplied. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY. Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + +THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per +Post, 1s. 2d. {660} + + * * * * * + + +LITERARY GIFT BOOKS. + +THE FOLLOWING MAY NOW BE HAD:-- + +I. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 10 vols. 30s. + +II. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and Vignette. +12s. + +III. + +BYRON'S POETICAL WORKS. In Eight Pocket Volumes. 20s. + +IV. + +BYRON'S CHILDE HAROLD. Illustrated by a Portrait of Ada and 30 Vignettes. +10s. 6d. + +V. + +BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. With Plates and Vignettes. 6 vols. 18s. + +VI. + +BYRON'S LIFE AND LETTERS. Complete in One Volume, with Portraits and +Vignette. 12s. + +VII. + +CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. With Plates and Vignettes. 8 vols. 24s. + +VIII. + +CRABBE'S LIFE AND POEMS. Complete in One Volume, with Portrait and +Vignettes. 10s. 6d. + +IX. + +BISHOP HEBER'S INDIAN JOURNALS. 2 vols. 10s. + +X. + +BISHOP HEBER'S POEMS. With Portrait. 7s. 6d. + +XI. + +MILMAN'S POETICAL WORKS. With Plates and Vignettes. 3 vols. 18s. + +XII. + +MILMAN'S WORKS OF HORACE. Illustrated with 300 Vignettes by Scharf. 21s. + +XIII. + +MILMAN'S LIFE OF HORACE. With Woodcuts. 9s. + +XIV. + +LOCKHART'S ANCIENT SPANISH BALLADS. 2s. 6d. + +XV. + +LOCKHART'S LIFE OF ROBERT BURNS. 3s. + +XVI. + +CROKER'S BOSWELL'S JOHNSON. Complete in One Volume. 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Mythology, history, art, manners, topography, have all + their fitting representatives. It is the highest praise to say, that + the designs throughout add to the pleasure with which Horace is + read."--Classical Museum. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +THE FAMILY ARABIAN NIGHTS. + +Now ready, a new and beautiful Edition, with 600 woodcuts by HARVEY, One +Volume, royal 8vo., price One Guinea. + +THE ARABIAN NIGHTS' ENTERTAINMENT. Translated by EDWARD WILLIAM LANE, ESQ., +Author of the "Modern Egyptians," &c. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 10s. + +ONCE UPON A TIME. By CHARLES KNIGHT. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. 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