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diff --git a/29318.txt b/29318.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c47b5c0 --- /dev/null +++ b/29318.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2394 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 81, May 17, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 81, May 17, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: July 5, 2009 [EBook #29318] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 17, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{385} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 81.] +SATURDAY, MAY 17. 1851.. +[Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + + Illustrations of Chaucer, No. VI. 385 + + Dutch Folk-lore 387 + + Minor Notes:--Verses in Pope: "Bug" or "Bee"-- + Rub-a-dub--Quotations--Minnis--Brighton--Voltaire's + Henriade 387 + + QUERIES:-- + The Blake Family, by Hepworth Dixon 389 + + Minor Queries:--John Holywood the Mathematician-- + Essay on the Irony of Sophocles--Meaning of Mosaic + --Stanedge Pole--Names of the Ferret--Colfabias-- + School of the Heart--Milton and the Calves-head + Club--David Rizzio's Signature--Lambert Simnel: + Was this his real Name?--Honor of Clare, Norfolk-- + Sponge--Babington's Conspiracy--Family of Sir John + Banks--Meaning of Sewell--Abel represented with + Horns 389 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--The Fifteen O's--Meaning + of Pightle--Inscription on a Guinea of George III. + --Meaning of Crambo 391 + + REPLIES:-- + + John Tradescant probably an Englishman, and his Voyage + to Russia in 1618, by S. W. Singer 391 + + The Family of the Tradescants, by W. Pinkerton 393 + + Pope Joan 395 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Robert Burton's Birthplace + --Barlaam and Josaphat--Witte van Haemstede--The + Dutch Church in Norwich--Fest Sittings--Quaker's + Attempt to convert the Pope--The Anti-Jacobin-- + Mistletoe--Verbum Graecum--"Apres moi le Deluge"-- + Eisell--"To-day we purpose"--Modern Paper--St. Pancras + --Joseph Nicolson's Family--Demosthenes and New + Testament--Crossing Rivers on Skins--Curious Facts + in Natural History--Prideaux 395 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 398 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 399 + + Notices to Correspondents 399 + + Advertisements 399 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. VI. + +Unless Chaucer had intended to mark with particular exactness the day of +the journey to Canterbury, he would not have taken such unusual precautions +to protect his text from ignorant or careless transcribers. We find him not +only recording the altitudes of the sun, at different hours, in words; but +also corroborating those words by associating them with physical facts +incapable of being perverted or misunderstood. + +Had Chaucer done this in one instance only, we might imagine that it was +but another of those occasions, so frequently seized upon by him, for the +display of a little scientific knowledge; but when he repeats the very same +precautionary expedient again, in the afternoon of the same day, we begin +to perceive that he must have had some fixed purpose; because, as I shall +presently show, it is the repetition alone that renders the record +imperishable. + +But whether Chaucer really devised this method for the express purpose of +preserving his text, or not, it has at least had that effect,--for while +there are scarcely two MSS. extant which agree in the verbal record of the +day and hours, the physical circumstances remain, and afford at all times +independent data for the recovery or correction of the true reading. + +The day of the month may be deduced from the declination of the sun; and, +to obtain the latter, all the data required are, + +1. The latitude of the place. + +2. Two altitudes of the sun at different sides of noon. + +It is not absolutely necessary to have any previous knowledge of the hours +at which these altitudes were respectively obtained, because these may be +discovered by the trial method of seeking two such hours as shall most +nearly agree in requiring a declination common to both at the known +altitudes. Of course it will greatly simplify the process if we furthermore +know that the observations must have been obtained at some determinate +intervals of time, such, for example, as complete hours. + +Now, in the Prologue to the "Canterbury Tales" we know that the +observations could not have been recorded except at complete hours, because +the construction of the metre will not admit the supposition of any parts +of hours having been expressed. + +We are also satisfied that there can be no mistake in the altitudes, +because nothing can alter the facts, that an equality between the length of +the shadow and the height of the substance can only subsist at an altitude +of 45 degrees; or that an altitude of 29 degrees (more or less) is the +nearest that will give the ratio of 11 to 6 between the shadow and its +gnomon. + +{386} + +With these data we proceed to the following comparison: + + _Forenoon altitude_ 45deg.|| _Afternoon altitude_ 29deg. + || + Hour. Declin. || Hour. Declin. + XI A.M. 8deg 9' N. || II P.M. 3deg 57' S. + X " 13deg 27' " || III " 3deg 16' N. + IX " 22deg 34' " || IV " 13deg 26' " + VIII " Impossible. || V " Impossible. + + +Here we immediately select "X A.M." and "IV P.M." as the only two items at +all approaching to similarity; while, in these the approach is so near that +they differ by only a single minute of a degree! + +More conclusive evidence therefore could scarcely exist that these were the +hours intended to be recorded by Chaucer, and that the sun's declination, +designed by him, was somewhere about thirteen degrees and a half North. + +Strictly speaking, this declination would more properly apply to the 17th +of April, in Chaucer's time, than to the 18th; but since he does not +profess to critical exactness, and since it is always better to adhere to +written authority, when it is not grossly and obviously corrupt, such MSS. +as name the 18th of April ought to be respected; but Tyrwhitt's "28th," +which he states not only as the result of his own conjecture but as +authorised by the "the best MSS.," ought to be scouted at once. + +In the latest edition of the "Canterbury Tales" (a literal reprint from one +of the Harl. MSS., for the Percy Society, under the supervision of Mr. +Wright), the opening of the Prologue to "The Man of Lawes Tale" does not +materially differ from Tyrwhitt's text, excepting in properly assigning the +day of the journey to "the eightetene day of April;" and the confirmation +of the forenoon altitude is as follows: + + "And sawe wel that the schade of every tree + Was in the lengthe the same quantite, + That was the body erecte that caused it." + +But the afternoon observation is thus related: + + "By that the Manciple had his tale endid, + The sonne fro the southe line is descendid + So lowe that it nas nought to my sight, + Degrees nyne and twenty as in hight. + _Ten_ on the clokke it was as I gesse, + For eleven foote, or litil more or lesse, + My schadow was at thilk time of the yere, + Of which feet as my lengthe parted were, + In sixe feet equal of proporcioun." + +In a note to the line "Ten on the clokke" Mr. Wright observes, + + "_Ten_. I have not ventured to change the reading of the Harl. MS., + which is partly supported by that of the lands. MS., _than_." + +If the sole object were to present an exact counterpart of the MS., of +course even its errors were to be respected: but upon no other grounds can +I understand why a reading should be preserved by which broad sunshine is +attributed to ten o'clock at night! Nor can I believe that the copyist of +the MS. with whom the error must have originated would have set down +anything so glaringly absurd, unless he had in his own mind some means of +reconciling it with probability. It may, I believe, be explained in the +circumstance that "ten" and "four," in horary reckoning, were _convertible +terms_. The old Roman method of naming the hours, wherein noon was the +sixth, was long preserved, especially in conventual establishments: and I +have no doubt that the English idiomatic phrase "o'clock" originated in the +necessity for some distinguishing mark between hours "of the clock" +reckoned from midnight, and hours of the day reckoned from sunrise, or more +frequently from six A.M. With such an understanding, it is clear that _ten_ +might be called _four_, and _four ten_, and yet the same identical hour to +be referred to; nor is it in the least difficult to imagine that some +monkish transcriber, ignorant perhaps of the meaning of "o'clock," might +fancy he was correcting, rather that corrupting, Chaucer's text, by +changing "foure" into "ten." + +I have, I trust, now shown that all these circumstances related by Chaucer, +so far from being hopelessly incongruous, are, on the contrary, +harmoniously consistent;--that they all tend to prove that the day of the +journey to Canterbury could not have been later than the 18th of +April;--that the times of observation were certainly 10 A.M. and 4 +P.M.;--that the "arke of his artificial day" is to be understood as the +horizontal or azimuthal arch;--and that the "halfe cours in the Ram" +alludes to the completion of the last twelve degrees of that sign, about +the end of the second week in April. + +There yet remains to be examined the signification of those three very +obscure lines which immediately follow the description, already quoted, of +the afternoon observation: + + "Therewith the Mones exaltacioun + In mena Libra, alway gan ascende + As we were entryng at a townes end." + +It is the more unfortunate that we should not be certain what it was that +Chaucer really did write, inasmuch as he probably intended to present, in +these lines, some means of identifying the year, similar to those he had +previously given with respect to the day. + +When Tyrwhitt, therefore, remarks, "In what year this happened Chaucer does +not inform us"--he was not astronomer enough to know that if Chaucer had +meant to leave, in these lines, a record of the moon's place on the day of +the journey, he could not have chosen a more certain method of informing us +in what year it occurred. + +But as the present illustration has already extended far enough for the +limits of a single number of "NOTES AND QUERIES," I shall defer the {387} +investigation of this last and greatest difficulty to my next +communication. + +A. E. B. + +Leeds, April 29. + + * * * * * + +DUTCH FOLK-LORE. + +1. A baby laughing in its dreams is conversing with the angels. + +2. Rocking the cradle when the babe is not in it, is considered injurious +to the infant, and a prognostic of its speedy death. + +3. A strange dog following you is a sign of good luck. + +4. A stork settling on a house is a harbinger of happiness. To kill such a +bird would be sacrilege. + +5. If you see a shooting star, the wish you form before its disappearance +will be fulfilled. + +6. A person born with a caul is considered fortunate. + +7. Four-leaved clover brings luck to the person who finds it unawares. + +8. An overturned salt-cellar is a ship wrecked. If a person take salt and +spill it on the table, it betokens a strife between him and the person next +to whom it fell. To avert the omen, he must lift up the shed grains with a +knife, and throw them behind his back. + +9. After eating eggs in Holland, you must break the shells, or the witches +would sail over in them to England. The English don't know under what +obligations they are to the Dutch for this custom. Please to tell them. + +10. If you make a present of a knife or scissors, the person receiving must +pay something for it; otherwise the friendship between you would be cut +off. + +11. A tingling ear denotes there is somebody speaking of you behind your +back. If you hear the noise in the right one, he praises you; if on the +left side, he is calling you a scoundrel, or something like that. But, +never mind! for if, in the latter case, you bite your little finger, the +evil speaker's tongue will be in the same predicament. By all means, don't +spare your little finger! + +12. If, at a dinner, a person yet unmarried be placed inadvertently between +a married couple, be sure he or she will get a partner within the year. +It's a pity it must be inadvertently. + +13. If a person when rising throw down his chair, he is considered guilty +of untruth. + +14. A potato begged or stolen is a preservative against rheumatism. +Chestnuts have the same efficacy. + +15. The Nymphaea, or water-lily, whose broad leaves, and clear white or +yellow cups, float upon the water, was esteemed by the old Frisians to have +a magical power. "I remember, when a boy," says Dr. Halbertsma, "that we +were extremely careful in plucking and handling them; for if any one fell +with such a flower in his possession, he became immediately subject to +fits." + +16. One of my friends cut himself. A manservant being present secured the +knife hastily, anointed it with oil, and putting it into the drawer, +besought the patient not to touch it for some days. Whether the cure was +effected by this sympathetic means, I can't affirm; but cured it was: so, +don't be alarmed. + +17. If you feel on a sudden a shivering sensation in your back, there is +somebody walking over your future grave. + +18. A person speaking by himself will die a violent death. + +19. Don't go under a ladder, for if you do you will be hanged. + +* a ? + +Amsterdam. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Verses in Pope_--_"Bug" or "Bee."_--Pope, in the _Dunciad_, speaking of +the purloining propensities of Bays, has the lines: + + "Next o'er his books his eyes began to roll, + In pleasing memory of all he stole; + How here he sipp'd, how there he plunder'd snug, + And suck'd all o'er, like an industrious bug." + +In reading these lines, some time ago, I was forcibly struck with the +incongruity of the terms "sipp'd" and "industrious" as applied to "bug;" +and it occurred to me that Pope may have originally written the passage +with the words "free" and "bee," as the rhymes of the two last lines. My +reasons for this conjecture are these: 1st. Because Pope is known to have +been very fastidious on the score of coarse or vulgar expressions; and his +better judgment would have recoiled from the use of so offensive a word as +"bug." 2ndly. Because, as already stated, the terms "sipp'd" and +"industrious" are inapplicable to a bug. Of the bug it may be said, that it +"sucks" and "plunders;" but it cannot, with any propriety, be predicated of +it, as of the bee, that it "sips" and is "industrious." My impression is, +that when Pope found he was doing too much honour to Tibbald by comparing +him to a bee, he substituted the word "bug" and its corresponding rhyme, +without reflecting that some of the epithets, already applied to the one, +are wholly inapplicable to the other. + +HENRY H. BREEN. + +St. Lucia, March, 1851. + +_Rub-a-dub._--This word is put forward as an instance of how new words are +still formed with a view to similarity of sound with the sound of what they +are intended to express, by Dr. Francis Lieber, in a "Paper on the Vocal +Sounds of Laura Bridgeman compared with the Elements of Phonetic Language," +and its authorship is assigned {388} to Daniel Webster, who said in a +speech of July 17, 1850: + + "They have been beaten incessantly every month, and every day, and + every hour, by the din, and roll, and _rub-a-dub_ of the Abolition + presses." + +Dr. L. adds: + + "No dictionary in my possession has _rub-a-dub_; by and by the + lexicographer will admit this, as yet, half-wild word." + +My note is, that though this word be not recognised by the dictionaries, +yet it is by no means so new as Dr. L. supposes; for I distinctly remember +that, some four-and-twenty years ago, one of those gay-coloured books so +common on the shelves of nursery libraries had, amongst other equally +_recherche_ couplets, the following attached to a gaudy print of a military +drum: + + "Not a _rub-a-dub_ will come + To sound the music of a drum:" + +--no great authority certainly, but sufficient to give the word a greater +antiquity than Dr. L. claims for it; and no doubt some of your readers will +be able to furnish more dignified instances of its use. + +J. EASTWOOD. + +Ecclesfield. + + [To this it may be added, that _Dub-a-dub_ is found in Halliwell's + _Arch. Gloss._ with the definition, "To beat a drum; also, the blow on + the drum. 'The dub-a-dub of honour.' Woman is a weathercock, p. 21., + there used metaphorically." Mr. Halliwell might also have cited the + nursery rhyme: + + "Sing rub-a-dub-dub, + Three men in a tub."] + +_Quotations._-- + + 1. "In time the savage bull doth bear the yoke." + + Quoted in _Much Ado about Nothing_, Act I. Sc. 1. + +Mr. Knight (Library Edition, ii. 379.) says this line is from Hieronymo, +but gives no reference, and I have not found it. In a sonnet by Thomas +Watson (A.D. 1560-91) occurs the line (see Ellis's _Specimens_)-- + + "In time the bull is brought to bear the yoke." + +Whence did Shakspeare quote the line? + +2. "_Nature's mother-wit._" This phrase is found in Dryden's "Ode to St. +Cecilia," and also in Spenser, _Faerie Queene_, book iv. canto x. verse 21. +Where does it first occur? + +3. "The divine chit-chat of Cowper." Query, Who first designated the "Task" +thus? Charles Lamb uses the phrase as a quotation. (See _Final Memorials of +Charles Lamb_, i. 72.) + +J. H. C. + +Adelaide, South Australia. + +_Minnis._--There are (or there were) in East Kent seven Commons known by +the local term "Minnis," viz., 1. Ewell Minnis; 2. River do.; 3. +Cocclescombe do.; 4. Swingfield do.; 5. Worth do.; 6. Stelling do.; 7. +Rhode do. Hasted (_History of Kent_) says he is at a loss for the origin of +the word, unless it be in the Latin "Mina," a certain quantity of land, +among different nations of different sizes; and he refers to Spelman's +_Glossary_, verbum "Mina." + +Now the only three with which I am acquainted, River, Ewell, and Swingfield +Minnis, near Dover, are all on high ground; the two former considerably +elevated above their respective villages. + +One would rather look for a Saxon than a Celtic derivation in East Kent; +but many localities, &c. there still retain British or Celtic names, and +eminently so the stream that runs through River and Ewell, the Dour or Dwr, +_unde_, no doubt, Dover, where it disembogues into the sea. May we not +therefore likewise seek in the same language an interpretation of this (at +least as far as I know) hitherto unexplained term? + +In Armorican we find "Menez" and "Mene," a mount. In the kindred dialect, +Cornish, "Menhars" means a boundary-stone; "Maenan" (Brit.), stoney moor; +"Mynydh" (Brit.), a mountain, &c. + +As my means of research are very limited, I can only hazard a conjecture, +which it will give me much pleasure to see either refuted or confirmed by +those better informed. + +A. C. M. + +_Brighton._--It is stated in Lyell's _Principles of Geology_, that in the +reign of Elizabeth the town of Brighton was situated on that tract where +the Chain Pier now extends into the sea; that in 1665 twenty-two tenements +still remained under the cliffs; that no traces of the town are +perceptible; that the sea has resumed its ancient position, the site of the +old town having been merely a beach abandoned by the ocean for ages. On +referring to the "Attack of the French on Brighton in 1545," as represented +in the engraving in the _Archaeologia_, April 14, 1831, I find the town +standing _apparently_ just where it is now, with "a felde in the middle," +but with some houses on the beach opposite what is not Pool Valley, on the +east side of which houses the French are landing; the beach end of the road +from Lewes. + +A. C. + +_Voltaire's "Henriade."_--I have somewhere seen an admirable translation of +this poem into English verse. Perhaps you can inform me of the author's +name. The work seems to be scarce, as I recollect having seen it but once: +it was published, I think, about thirty years ago. (See _ante_, p. 330.) + +The house in which Voltaire was born, at Chatnaye, about ten miles from +Paris, is now the property of the Comtesse de Boigne, widow of the General +de Boigne, and daughter of the Marquis d'Osmond, who was ambassador here +during the reign of Louis XVIII. The mother of the poet being on a visit +with _the then_ proprietor (whose name I cannot recollect), was +unexpectedly confined. There is a street in the village called the Rue +Voltaire. The Comtesse de Boigne is my {389} authority for the fact of the +poet's birth having taken place in her house. + +A. J. M. + +Alfred Club. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +THE BLAKE FAMILY. + +The renowned Admiral Blake, a native of Bridgewater, and possessed of +property in the neighbourhood, left behind him a numerous family of +brothers, sisters, nephews, and nieces, settled in the county of Somerset; +to wit, his brothers Humphrey, William, George, Nicholas, Benjamin, and +Alexander all survived him, as did also his sisters, Mrs. Bowdich, of +Chard, and Mrs. Smith, of Cheapside, in London. His brother Samuel, killed +in an early part of the Civil War, left two sons, Robert and Samuel, both +of them honourably remembered in the will of their great uncle. Can any of +your readers, acquainted with Somerset genealogies, give me any information +which may enable me to make out the descent of the present families of +Blake, in that county, from this stock? + +There are at least two Blake houses now in existence, who are probably of +the blood of the illustrious admiral; the Blakes of Bishop's Hall, near +Taunton, of which William Blake, Esq., a magistrate for the county, is the +head; and the Blakes of Venue House, Upton, near Wiveliscombe, the +representative of which is Silas Wood Blake, son of Dr. William Blake, a +bencher of the Inner Temple. These families possess many relics of the +admiral--family papers, cabinets, portrait, and even estates; and that they +are of his blood there are other reasons for believing; but, so far as I +know, the line is not clearly traced back. In a funeral sermon spoken on +the death of the grandfather of the present William Blake, Esq., of +Bishop's Hall, I find it stated that-- + + "He was descended from pious and worthy ancestors; a collateral branch + of the family of that virtuous man, great officer, and true patriot, + Admiral Blake. His grandfather, the Rev. Malachi Blake, a Nonconformist + minister, resided at Blogden, four miles from Taunton. This gentleman, + by his pious labours, laid the foundation of the dissenting + congregation at Wellington, in the county of Somerset. After the defeat + of the Duke of Monmouth, to whose cause he had been friendly, he was + obliged to flee from home, and went to London disguised in a lay-dress, + with a tye-wig and a sword." + +This minister had three sons, John, Malachi, and William; and it is from +the last named that the Blakes of Bishop's Hall are descended. But who was +the father of Malachi Blake himself? He was probably a son or grandson of +one of the admiral's brothers--but of which? + +Permit me to add to this Query another remark. I am engaged in writing a +Life of Admiral Blake, and shall be extremely grateful to any of your +correspondents who can and will direct me, either through the medium of +your columns or by private communication, to any new sources of information +respecting his character and career. A meagre pamphlet being the utmost +that has yet been given to the memory of this great man, the entire story +of his life has to be built up from the beginning. Fragments of papers, +scraps of information, however slight, may therefore be of material value. +A date or a name may contain an important clue, and will be thankfully +acknowledged. Of course I do not wish to be referred to information +contained in well-known collections, such as Thurloe, Rushworth, Whitelock, +and the Parliamentary Histories, nor to the Deptford MSS. in the Tower, the +Admiralty papers in the State Paper Office, or the Ashmole MSS. at Oxford. +I am also acquainted, of course, with several papers in the national +collection of MSS. at the British Museum throwing light on the subject; but +while these MSS. remain in their present state, it would be very rash in +any man to say what is _not_ to be found in them. Should any one, in +reading for his own purposes, stumble on a fact of importance for me in +these MSS., I shall be grateful for a communication; but my appeal is +rather made to the possessors of old family papers. There must, I think, be +many letters--though he was a brief and abrupt correspondent--of the +admiral's still existing in the archives of old Puritan families. These are +the materials of history of which I am most in need. + +HEPWORTH DIXON. + +84. St. John's Wood Terrace. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_John Holywood the Mathematician._--Is the birthplace of this distinguished +scholar known? Leland, Bale, and Pits assert him to have been born at +Halifax, in Yorkshire; Stanyhurst says, at Holywood, near Dublin; and +according to Dempster and Mackenzie, at Nithsdale, in Scotland. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Essay on the Irony of Sophocles, &c._--Who is the author of the _Essay on +the Irony of Sophocles_, which has been termed the most exquisite piece of +criticism in the English language? + +Is it Cicero who says, + + "Malo cum Platone errare, quam cum aliis recte sentire?" + +And who embodied the somewhat contradictory maxim,-- + + "Amicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas?" + +NEMO. + +_Meaning of Mosaic._--What is the exact meaning and derivation of the word +Mosaic as a term in art? + +H. M. A. + +{390} + +_Stanedge Pole._--Can any one inform me in what part of Yorkshire the +antiquarian remains of Stanedge Pole are situated; and where the +description of them is to be found? + +A. N. + +_Names of the Ferret._--I should be much obliged by any one of your readers +informing me what peculiar names are given to the male and female ferret? +Do they occur any where in any author? as by knowing how the words are +spelt, we may arrive at their etymology. + +T. LAWRENCE. + +Ashby-de-la-Zouch. + +_Colfabias._--Can any of your learned correspondents furnish the origin and +meaning of this word? It was the name of the _privy_ attached to the Priory +of Holy Trinity in Dublin; and still is to be seen in old leases of that +religious house (now Christ Church Cathedral), spelled sometimes as above, +and other times _coolfabioos_. + +The present dean and chapter are quite in the dark upon the subject. I hope +you will be able to give us a little light from your general stock. + +A CH. CH. MAN. + +Dublin. + +_School of the Heart._--This work consists of short poems similar in +character and merit to Quarles's _Emblems_, and adorned with cuts of the +same class. I have at hand none but modern editions, and in these the +production is ascribed to Quarles. But Montgomery, in his _Christian Poet_, +quotes the _School of the Heart_, without explanation, as the work of +Thomas Harvey, 1647. Can any of your readers throw light on this matter? + +S. T. D. + +_Milton and the Calves-head Club._--I quote the following from _The Secret +History of the Calves-head Club: or the Republican Unmasqu'd_, 4to., 1703. +The author is relating what was told him by "a certain active Whigg, who, +in all other respects, was a man of probity enough." + + "He further told me that Milton, and some other creatures of the + Commonwealth, had instituted this Club [the Calves-head Club], as he + was inform'd, in opposition to Bp. Juxon, Dr. Sanderson, Dr. Hammond, + and other divines of the Church of England, who met privately every + 30th of January; and though it was under the Time of Usurpation, had + compil'd a private Form of Service for the Day, not much different from + what we now find in the Liturgy." + +Do any of Milton's biographers mention his connexion with this club? Does +the form of prayer compiled by Juxon, Sanderson, and Hammond exist? + +K. P. D. E. + +_David Rizzio's Signature._--Can any reader of "NOTES AND QUERIES" furnish +the applicant with either a fac-simile or a minute description of the +signature and handwriting of David Rizzio? The application is made in order +to the verification of a most remarkable alleged instance of clairvoyance, +recorded at large in a volume on that and its kindred subjects just +published by Dr. Gregory of Edinburgh. + +F. K. + +_Lambert Simnel--Was this his real Name?_--It occurs to me that we are not +in possession of the real name of Lambert Simnel, the famous claimant of +the crown of England. We are told that he was the son of a baker; and we +learn from Johnson's _Dictionary_ that the word "simnel" signified a kind +of sweet-bread or cake. Now, considering the uncertainty and mutability of +surnames in former times, I am led to suspect that "Simnel" may have been a +nickname first applied to his father, in allusion to his trade; and I am +strengthened in my suspicion by not finding any such name as "Simnel" in +any index of ancient names. Could any of your correspondents throw light on +this question, or tell whether Lambert left any posterity? + +T. + +_Honor of Clare, Norfolk._--I have seen a letter, dated about 1702, in the +possession of a gentleman of this town, which alludes "_To His Majesty's +Honor of Clare_;" and I shall feel obliged if any of your correspondents +can render me any information as to whether there are any documents +relative to this "_Honor_" in existence: and if so, where they are to be +met with? for I much wish to be informed what fragments were made from +_South Green_ (a part of this town), which was held of the above mentioned +"Honor," and by whom made; and further, who is the collector of them at +this period? + +J. N. C. + +_Sponge._--When was the sponge of commerce first known in England? + +THUDT. + +_Babington's Conspiracy._--Miss Strickland, in her life of Queen Elizabeth +(_Lives of the Queens of England_, vol. vii. p. 33.), after describing the +particulars of this plot, adds in a Note,-- + + "After his condemnation, Babington wrote a piteous letter of + supplication to Elizabeth, imploring her mercy for the sake of his wife + and children."--Rawlinson _MSS._, Oxford, vol. 1340. No. 55. f. 19. + +A copy of a letter to which the description given by Miss Strickland would +apply, has been lately found among some papers originally belonging to Lord +Burleigh; and it would be very desirable to compare it with the letter said +to be in the Rawlinson collection. I have, however, authority for saying +that the reference above quoted is incorrect. I should be very glad indeed +to find whether the letter referred to by Miss Strickland is printed in any +collection, or to trace the authority for the reference given in the _Lives +of the Queens_. The MS. copies in the British Museum are known. + +J. BT. + +_Family of Sir John Banks._--R. H. wishes to be informed how many children +were left by {391} Sir John Banks, Lord Chief Justice in Charles I.'s +reign: also, whether any one of these settled at Keswick: and also, whether +Mr. John Banks of that place, the philosopher, as he was called, was really +a lineal descendant of Sir John B., as he is stated to have been by the +author of an old work on the Lakes? + +R. C. H. H. + +_Sewell, Meaning of._--It is usual in some deer-parks in different parts of +England, but more especially, as far as my own knowledge goes, in Kent, for +the keepers, when they wish to drive and collect the deer to one spot, to +lay down for this purpose what they call _sewells_ (I may be wrong as to +the orthography), which are simply long lines with feathers attached at +intervals, somewhat after the fashion of the tails of kites. These +"sewells," when stretched at length on the ground, the herd of deer will +very rarely pass; but on coming up will check themselves suddenly when in +full career, and wheel about. The same contrivance was in use in Virgil's +time for the same purpose, under the name of _formido_ (_Geor._ iii. +372.):--"Puniceaeve agitant pavidos formidine pennae." Can any of your +readers help me to the origin of the modern term _sewell_? + +H. C. K. + +---- Rectory, Hereford. + +_Abel represented with Horns._--In one of the windows of King's College +Chapel, the subject of which is the Death of Abel, the artist has given him +a pair of _horns_. Can any of your readers explain this? + +C. J. E. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +_The Fifteen O's._--In the third part of the "Sermon of Good Works" is this +passage: + + "Let us rehearse some other kinds of papistical superstitions and + abuses; as of beads, of lady psalters and rosaries, _of fifteen oos_, + of St. Barnard's verses, of St. Agathe's letters, of purgatory, of + masses satisfactory, of stations and jubilees, of feigned relics, of + hallowed beads, bells, bread, water, palms, candles, fire, and such + other; of superstitious fastings, of fraternities, of pardons, with + such like merchandise, which were so esteemed and abused to the + prejudice of God's glory and commandments, that they were made most + high and most holy things, whereby to attain to the eternal life, or + remission of sin." + +I cite the above from the Parker Society's edition of Archbishop Cranmer's +_Miscellaneous Writings and Letters_, p. 148. It occurs also in Professor +Corrie's edition of the _Homilies_, p. 58. I shall be glad to be informed +what is meant by the "fifteen Oo's," or "fifteen O's" (for so they are +spelt in the above edition of the _Homilies_). + +C. H. COOPER + +Cambridge, April 14. 1851. + + [The fifteen O's are fifteen prayers commencing with the letter O, and + will be found in _Horae Beatissime Virginis Marie, secundum usum + ecclesiae Sarum_, p. 201. edit. 1527.] + +_Meaning of Pightle._--As I dare say you number some Suffolk men among your +readers, would any of them kindly inform me the meaning and derivation of +the word "pightle," which is always applied to a field adjoining the +farm-houses in Suffolk? + +PHILO-STEVENS. + + [Phillips, in his _New World of Words_, has "PIGLE or PIGHTEL, a small + Parcel of Land enclosed with a Hedge, which in some Parts of England is + commonly call'd a Pingle."] + +_Inscription on a Guinea of George III._--Round the reverse of a guinea of +George III., 1793, are the following initials:--"M. B. F. ET H. REX--F. D. +B. ET L. D. S. R. I. A. T. ET E." The earlier letters are sufficiently +intelligible; but I should be glad to learn the meaning of the whole +inscription. + +J. H. C. + +Adelaide, South Australia. + + [Of the Faith Defender, of Brunswick and Lunenburg Duke, of the Holy + Roman Empire Arch-Treasurer and Elector.] + +_Meaning of Crambo._--Sir Thomas Browne (_Religio Medici_, part ii. s. 15. +ed. 1678) says: + + "I conclude, therefore, and say, there is no happiness under (or, as + Copernicus will have it, above) the sun, nor any Crambo in that + repeated verity and burthen of all the wisdom of _Solomon_, _All is + vanity and vexation of spirit_." + +Query, What is the meaning of _crambo_ here, and is it to be met with +elsewhere with a similar meaning? + +J. H. C. + +Adelaide, South Australia. + + [The words "nor any Crambo" mean that the sentiment expressed by + Solomon is a truth which cannot be too often repeated. Crabbe says, + "_Crambo_ is a play, in rhyming, in which he that repeats a word that + was said before forfeits something." In all the MSS. and editions of + the _Religio Medici_, 1642, the words "nor any Crambo," are wanting. + See note on the passage in the edition edited by Simon Wilkin, F.L.S.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +JOHN TRADESCANT PROBABLY AN ENGLISHMAN, AND HIS VOYAGE TO RUSSIA IN 1618. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 119. 286. 353.) + +DR. RIMBAULT justly observes that "the history of the Tradescants is +involved in considerable obscurity." He does not, however, seem to have +been aware that some light has been thrown on that of the elder John +Tradescant by the researches of Dr. Hamel, in his interesting Memoir +published in the _Transactions of the Imperial Academy of St. Petersburg in +1847_, with the following title:--"Tradescant der Aeltere 1618 in Russland. +Der {392} Handelsverkehr zwischen England und Russland in seiner +Entstehung," &c. + +DR. RIMBAULT'S note contains a good epitome of the most obvious English +notices respecting the Tradescants; but while correcting the errors of +others, he has himself fallen into one important mistake, in stating that +"Old John Tradescant died in 1652;" for that is the date of the death of +his grandson, John, who died young. Old John died in 1638, leaving a son, +also named John, who was born in 1608, and died in 1662, having survived +his only son ten years; and, having no heir to his treasures, he had +previously conveyed them, by deed of gift, to Elias Ashmole, who seems to +have contrived to make himself agreeable to him by his pursuits as a +virtuoso, and by his alchemical and astrological fancies. When Dr. Hamel +was in England, I had the pleasure of indicating to him the site of +"Tradescant's Ark" in South Lambeth. It was situate on the east side of the +road leading from Vauxhall to Stockwell, nearly opposite to what was +formerly called Spring Lane. Ashmole built a large brick house near that +which had been Tradescant's, out of the back of part of which he made +offices. The front part of it became the habitation of the well-known +antiquary, Dr. Ducarel. It still remains as two dwellings; the one, known +as "Turret House," is occupied by John Miles Thorn, Esq., and the other, +called "Stamford House," is the dwelling of J. A. Fulton, Esq. + +In his indefatigable researches to elucidate the early intercourse between +England and Russia, Dr. Hamel's attention was accidentally called to the +Tradescants and their Museum; and the following passage in Parkinson's +_Paradisus Terrestris_, p. 345. (Art. "Neesewort," then called _Elleborus +albus_), led to the discovery of a relation of Old John's voyage to +Russia:-- + + "This (says Parkinson) grows in many places in Germany, and likewise in + certain places in Russia, in such abundance, that, according to the + relation of that worthy, curious, and diligent searcher and preserver + of all nature's rarities and varieties, my very good friend John + Tradescante, of whom I have many times before spoken, a moderately + large ship (as he says) might be laden with the roots thereof, which he + there saw on a certain island." + +The same notice, in other words, also occurs in Parkinson's _Theatrum_, p. +218. + +In searching among the MSS. in the Ashmolean Museum, Dr. Hamel bore this +passage in memory, and one MS., thus described in Mr. Black's excellent +catalogue, No. 824., xvi., contained confirmatory matter: + + "A Voiag of Ambassad undertaken by the Right Honnorabl S^r Dudlie + Diggs, in the year 1618." + + "This curious narrative of the voyage round the North Cape to + Archangel, begins with a list of the chief persons employed in the + embassy, and contains observations of the weather, and on the + commercial, agricultural, and domestic state of Russia at that time. It + is written in a rude hand, and by a person unskilled in composition. + The last half page contains some chronological notes and other stuff, + perhaps written by the same hand." + +Thus far Mr. Black. The full title of the MS. is,-- + + "A Viag of Ambassad undertaken by the Right Honnorabl S^r Dudlie Diggs + in the year 1618, being atended on withe 6 Gentillmen, whiche beare the + nam of the king's Gentillmen, whose names be heere notted. On M. + Nowell, brother to the Lord Nowell, M. Thomas Finche, M. Woodward, M. + Cooke, M. Fante, and M. Henry Wyeld, withe every on of them ther man. + Other folloers, on Brigges, Interpreter, M. Jams, an Oxford man, his + Chaplin, on M. Leake his Secretary, withe 3 Scots; on Captain Gilbert + and his Son, withe on Car, also M. Mathew De Quester's Son, of Filpot + Lane, in London, the rest his own retenant, some 13 _whearof_ (_Note on + Jonne an Coplie wustersher men_) M. Swanli of Limhouse, master of the + good Ship called the Dianna of Newcastell, M. Nelson, part owner of + Newe Castell." + +Dr. Hamel says: + + "What the words in Italics may signify is not quite clear, but that 'on + Jonne' must relate to Tradescante himself. Perhaps this passage may + lead to the discovery that Tradescant did not, as it has been + conjectured, come from Holland, but that he was a native of + Worcestershire. The name Tradescant might be an assumed one (it was + also written _Tradeskin_, which might be interpreted _Fellmonger_)." + +From documents in the archives at Moscow, Dr. Hamel recovered the Christian +names, and a list of Sir Dudley Digges' attendants in this voyage, which +corresponds with that in the MS., thus:--_Arthur_ Nowell, _Thomas_ +Woodward, _Adam_ Cooke, _Joseph_ Fante, _Thomas_ Leake, _Richard_ James, +_George_ Brigges, _Jessy_ De Quester, _Adam_ Jones, _Thomas_ Wakefield, +_John_ Adams, _Thomas_ Crisp, _Leonard_ Hugh, and JOHN COPLIE. This last +must therefore have designated _John Tradescant_ himself, who was certainly +there. + +Sir Dudley Digges, to whom Tradescant seems to have attached himself in +order to obtain knowledge of the plants and other natural curiosities of +Russia, was sent by King James I. to the Czar Michael Fedorowitsch, who had +in the previous year despatched an embassy to the king, principally to +negotiate for a loan. This ambassador, Woluensky, returned at the same +time, in another vessel accompanying that of Sir Dudley. + +Dr. Hamel in his memoir has given considerable extracts from the MS. +narrative of the voyage, which show that Tradescant was an accurate +observer not only of objects connected with his studies of phytology and +natural history, but of other matters. Parkinson has justly styled him "a +painful industrious searcher and lover of all natural varieties;" and +elsewhere says: "My very {393} good friend, John Tradescantes, has +wonderfully laboured to obtain all the rarest fruits hee can heare of in +any place of Christendome, Turky, yea, or the whole world." The passages in +the journal of his voyage, which prove it to be indubitably his, are +numerous, but the one which first struck Dr. Hamel was sufficient; for in +following the narrator on the Dwina, and the islands there, and, among +others, to Rose Island, he found this note, "Helebros albus, enoug to load +a ship." There are, however, others confirmatory beyond a doubt. Parkinson, +in his _Paradisus Terrestris_, p. 528., has the following passage:-- + + "There is another (strawberry) very like unto this (the Virginia + strawberry, which carrieth the greatest leafe of any other except the + Bohemian), that John Tradescante brought with him from Brussels (l. + Russia) long ago, and in seven years could never see one berry ripe on + all sides, but still the better part rotten, although it would flower + abundantly every yeare, and beare very large leaves." + +Tradescant mentions that he also saw strawberries to be sold in Russia, but +could never get of the plants, though he saw the berries three times at Sir +D. Digges's table; but as they were in nothing differing from ours, but +only less, he did not much seek after them. It is most probable that he +brought seed, as he did of another berry, of which he sent part, he tells +us, to his correspondent Vespasian Robin at Paris. + +Of a man to whom the merit is due of having founded the earliest Museum of +Natural History and Rarities of Art in England, and who possessed one of +the first, and at the same the best, Botanic Garden, every little +particular must be interesting, and it would be pleasing to find that he +was an Englishman, and not a foreigner. The only ground for the latter +supposition is, I believe, the assertion of Anthony a Wood, that he was a +Fleming or a Dutchman. The name Tradescant is, however, neither Flemish nor +Dutch, and seems to me much more like an assumed English pseudonyme. That +he was neither a Dutchman nor a Fleming will, I think, be obvious from the +following passage in the narration of his travels: + + "Also, I haue been tould that theare growethe in the land bothe tulipes + and narsisus. By a Brabander I was tould it, thoug by his name I should + rather think him a Holander. His name is Jonson, and hathe a house at + Archangell. He may be eyther, for he [is] always dr[=u]ke once in a + day." + +Now, had Tradescant himself been a Fleming or a Dutchman, he would at least +have been able to speak decisively on this occasion; to say nothing of the +vice of intemperance which he attributes to the natives of those countries. +Again, it is quite clear that this journal of travels was written by +Tradescant; yet that name does not appear either in the MS. or in the +Russian archives: but we have _John Coplie_ in both, with the indication in +the MS. that he was _a Worcestershire man_. Let us therefore, on these +grounds, place him in the list of English worthies to whom we owe a debt of +gratitude. But supposing _Tradescant_ to have been his real name, it is +quite evident that he travelled under the name of _John Coplie_; and it is +perhaps vain to speculate upon the reasons for the assumption of a +pseudonyme either way. + +Dr. Richard James, who accompanied Sir Dudley Digges as chaplain, appears, +from Turner's account of his MSS., which are deposited in the Bodleian, to +have left behind him a MS. account of his travels in Russia, in five +sheets; but his MS. seems to have been lost or mislaid in that vast +emporium, or we might have some confirmation from it respecting Tradescant. + +South Lambeth was in former times one of the most agreeable and salubrious +spots in the vicinity of London, and at the time when Tradescant first +planted his garden he must have had another worthy and distinguished man +for a neighbour, Sir Noel Caron, who was resident ambassador here from the +States of Holland for twenty-eight years. His estate contained 122 acres; +he was a benefactor to the poor of his vicinity by charitable actions, some +of which remain as permanent monuments of his benevolence, in the shape of +almshouses, situate in the Wandsworth Road. The site of Caron House is now +possessed by Henry Beaufoy, Esq., who has worthily emulated the deeds of +his predecessor by acts of munificent benevolence, which must be fraught +with incalculable good for ages yet to come. Mr. Beaufoy has, among his +literary treasures, a very interesting collection of letters in MS., +written in French, by Sir Noel Caron to Constantine Huyghens, I think, +which contain many curious illustrations of the events of that period. + +Let us hope that time may bring to light further and more complete +materials for the biography of these Lambethan worthies, who have deserved +to live in our memories as benefactors to mankind. + +S. W. SINGER. + +Manor Place, So. Lambeth, May 5. 1851. + + * * * * * + +THE FAMILY OF THE TRADESCANTS. + +In Chambers's _Edinburgh Journal_, No. 359., New Series, may be found an +account of this family, written by myself; I hope to be excused when I say +that it is the most accurate hitherto published. It gave me great pleasure +to find that so distinguished an antiquary as DR. RIMBAULT mainly +corroborates the article alluded to; but I regret that I feel bound to +notice a serious error into which that gentleman has fallen. DR. R. states +that "Old John Tradescant died in the year 1652;" and in another place he +states that-- {394} + + "It was not the _youngest_ John Tradescant that died in 1652, but the + _oldest_, the _grandfather_, the first of that name that settled in + England." + +The conflicting accounts and confusion in the history of the Tradescants, +have no doubt arisen from the three, "grandsire, father, and son," having +been all named John; consequently, for the sake of perspicuity, I shall +adopt the plan of our worthy editor, and designate the Tradescant who first +settled in England, No. 1.; his son, who published the _Musaeum +Tradescantianum_, No. 2.; and the son of the latter, who "died in his +spring," No. 3. Now, to prove that it was the youngest of the Tradescants, +No. 3., who died in 1652, we have only to refer to the preface of the +_Musaeum Tradescantianum_, which was published in 1656. There we find that +Tradescant No. 2. says that-- + + "About three years agoe (by the perswasion of some friends) I was + resolved to take a catalogue of those rarities and curiosities, which + my father had sedulously collected, and myself with continued diligence + have augmented and hitherto preserved together." + +He then proceeds to account for the delay in the publication of the work in +these words: + + "Presently thereupon my _onely son_ died, one of my friends fell sick," + &c. + +Again, in Ashmole's _Diary_ we find the following entry: + + "_Sept._ 11th, 1652. Young John Tredescant died." + +And, further on, Ashmole states that + + "He was buried by his grandfather, in Lambeth Churchyard." + +The word _by_, in the quotation, meaning, _by the side of_, _close by_ his +grandfather. The burial register of Lambeth parish gives the date of the +interment, Sept. 16, 1652. Ashmole's _Diary_, as quoted by DR. RIMBAULT, +and the burial register also, give the date of the death of Tradescant No. +2., who survived his son ten years: the family then became extinct. + +Ashmole, who became acquainted with the Tradescants in 1650, never mentions +the grandfather (No. 1.), nor is his name to be found in the burial +registry; and consequently the date of his death, as far as I have read, +has always been set down as uncertain. There are other parish records, +however, than burial registers; and I was well repaid for my search by +finding, in the Churchwardens' Accounts of St. Mary's, Lambeth, the +following entries: + + "1634. June 1. Received for burial of Jane, wife of John Tradeskin, + 12s." + + "1637-8. Item. John Tradeskin; ye gret bell and black cloth, 5s. 4d." + +This last entry, in all probability, marks the date of the death of the +first Tradescant. Assuming that it does, and as the engraving by Hollar +represents him as far advanced in years, his age did not exclude him from +having been in the service of Queen Elizabeth, so much so as it would if he +had died in 1652. I read the line on the tombstone,-- + + "Both gardeners to the Rose and Lily Queen"-- + +as signifying that one of the Tradescants had been gardener to Elizabeth, +the Rose Queen, and the other to Henrietta, the Lily Queen. However, as +that is little more than a matter of opinion, not of historical fact, it +need not be further alluded to at present. + +I am happy to say, that I have every reason to believe that I am on the +trace of new, curious, and indisputably authentic information respecting +the Tradescants. If successful, and if the editor will spare me a corner, I +shall be proud to communicate it to the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES." + +Tradescant's house, and the house adjoining, where Ashmole lived, previous +to his taking possession of Tradescant's house, after Mrs. Tradescant's +death (see Ashmole's _Diary_), are still standing, though they have +undergone many alterations. Even there, the name of Tradescant seems +forgotten: the venerable building is only known by a _nick-name_, derived +most probably from its antique chimneys. I had many weary pilgrimages +before I discovered the identical edifice. I have not seen the interior, +but am aware that there are some traces of Ashmole in the house, but none +whatever of Tradescant in either house or garden. I had a conversation with +the gardener of the gentleman who now occupies it: he appeared to have an +indistinct idea that an adept in his own profession had once lived there, +for he observed that, "If old What's-his-name were alive now, the potato +disease could soon be cured." Oh! what we antiquaries meet with! He further +gave me to understand that "_furriners_ sometimes came there wishing to see +the place, but that I was the only Englishman, that he recollected, who +expressed any curiosity about it." + +The _restorers_ of the tomb of the Tradescants merely took away the old +leger stone, on which were cut the words quoted by A. W. H. (Vol. iii., p. +207.), and replaced it by a new stone bearing the lines quoted by DR. +RIMBAULT, which were not on the original stone (see Aubrey's _Surrey_), and +the words-- + + "Erected 1662. + Repaired by Subscription, 1773." + +But although the name of the childless, persecuted widow, Hester +Tradescant, is not now on the tomb which she piously erected to the +memories of her husband and son; still, on the west end of it, can be +traced the form of a hydra tearing a human skull--fit emblem of the foul +and vulture-like rapacity of Elias Ashmole. + +WILLIAM PINKERTON. + +Dalmeny Cottage, Ham, Surrey. + +{395} + + * * * * * + +POPE JOAN. + +(Vol. iii., p. 265.) + +In reply to your correspondent NEMO'S Query, whether any such personage as +Pope Joan ever held the keys of St. Peter, and wore the tiara? and if so, +at what period, and for what time, and what is known of her personal +history? I would remark that the story runs thus: that between the +pontificates of Leo IV., who died in the year 855, and of Benedict III., +who died in 858, a female of the name of Joan found means to cause herself +to be elected Pope, which post she held for a term of upwards of two years, +under the title of Joannes VII., according to Sabellicus, or, according to +Platina, of Joannes VIII. She is generally said to have been an +Englishwoman, the daughter of a priest, who in her youth became acquainted +with an English monk belonging to the Abbey of Fulda, with whom she +travelled, habited as a man, to many universities, but finally settled at +Athens, where she remained until the death of her companion, and attained +to a great proficiency in the learning common to the time. After this she +proceeded to Rome, and having by the talent she displayed in several +disputes obtained the reputation of a learned divine, was, on the death of +Leo IV., elected to fill the pontifical chair. This position she held for +upwards of two years, but soon after the expiration of that time was +delivered of a child (but died during parturition), while proceeding in a +procession between the Coliseum and the Church of St. Clemente. + +The first mention of this story appears to have been made by Marianus +Scotus, who compiled a chronicle at Mayence, about two hundred years after +the event is said to have occurred, viz. about 1083. He was followed by +Sigebert de Gemblours, who wrote about 1112; and also by Martino di +Cistello, or Polonus, who wrote about 1277; since when the story has been +repeated by numberless authors, all of whom have, more or less, made some +absurd additions. + +After the satisfactory proofs of the fictitious character of the story, +which have been produced by the most eminent writers, both Catholic and +Protestant, it may appear a work of supererogation to add anything on the +point; yet it may perhaps be permitted to observe, that in the most ancient +and esteemed manuscripts of the works of the authors above quoted, no +mention whatever is made of the Papissa Giovanna, and its introduction must +therefore have been the work of some later copyist. + +The contemporary writers, moreover, some of whom were ocular witnesses of +the elections both of Leo IV. and Benedict III., make no mention whatever +of the circumstance; and it is well known that at Athens, where she is +stated to have studied, no such school as the one alluded to existed in the +ninth century. + +The fact will not, I think, be denied that it was the practice of the +chroniclers of the early ages to note down the greater portion of what they +heard, without examining critically as to the credibility of the report; +and the mention of a fact once made, was amply sufficient for all +succeeding authors to copy the statement, and make such additions thereto +as best suited their respective fancies, without making any examination as +to the truth or probability of the original statement. And this appears to +have been the case with the point in question: Marianus Scotus first +stated, or rather some later copyist stated for him, the fact of a female +Pope; and subsequent writers added, at a later period, the additional facts +which now render the tale so evidently an invention. + +R. R. M. + +_Pope Joan_ (Vol. iii., p. 265.).--You have referred to Sir Thomas Browne, +and might have added the opinion of his able editor (_Works_, iii. 360.), +who says, "Her very existence itself seems now to be universally rejected +by the best authorities as a fabrication from beginning to end." On the +other hand, old Coryat, in his _Crudities_ (vol. ii. p. 443.), has the +boldness to speak with "certainty of her birth at a particular place,--viz. +at Mentz." Mosheim tells us (vol. ii. p. 300.) that during the five +centuries succeeding 855, "the event was generally believed." He quotes +some distinguished names, as well among those who maintained the truth of +the story as amongst those who rejected it as a fable. Bayle may be +included amongst the latter, who, in the third volume of his Dictionary +(Article PAPESSE), has gone deeply into the question. Mosheim himself seems +to leave it where Sir Roger de Coverley would have done,--"much may be said +on both sides." + +J. H. M. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries + +_Robert Burton, his Birth-place_ (Vol. iii., pp. 106. 157.).--A friend who +has just been reading the _Anatomy of Melancholy_, has referred me to the +following passage, which seems to give conclusive testimony respecting the +birth-place of Burton:-- + + "Such high places are infinite ... and two amongst the rest, which I + may not omit for vicinities sake, Oldbury in the confines of + Warwickshire, where I have often looked about me with great delight, at + the foot of which hill I was born; and Hanbury in Staffordshire, + contiguous to which is Falde, a pleasant village, and an ancient + patrimony belonging to our family, now in the possession of mine elder + brother, William Burton, Esquire." [Note on words "_I was born._" At + Lindley in Lecestershire, the possession and dwelling place of Ralph + Burton, Esquire, my late {396} deceased father.]--_Anatomy of + Melancholy_, Part ii. Sec 2. Mem. 3. ad fin. + +I knew of the following, but as it merely mentions Lindley as the +_residence_ of the family, it would not have answered DR. RIMBAULT'S Query. + + "Being in the country in the vacation time, not many years since, at + Lindly in Lecestershire, my father's house," &c.--_Ibid._ Part ii. Sec. + 5. Mem. 1. subs. 5. + +C. FORBES. + +_Barlaam and Josaphat_ (Vol. iii., pp. 135. 278.).--I do not know of any +English translation of this work. If any Middle Age version exists, it +should be published immediately. A new and excellent _German_ one (by Felix +Liebrecht, Muenster, 1847) has lately appeared, written, however, for +Romish purposes, as much as from admiration of the work itself. It would be +well if some member of our own pure branch of the Church Catholic would +turn his attention to this noble work, and give us a faithful but fresh and +easy translation, with a literary introduction descriptive of all the known +versions, &c.; and a chapter on the meaning and limits of the asceticism +preached in the original. In this case, and if published _cheap_, as it +ought to be, it would be a golden present for our youth, and would soon +become once more a _folk-book_. The beautiful free _Old Norwegian_ version +(written by King Hakon Sverresson, about A.D. 1200) mentioned in my last +has now been published in Christiania, edited by the well-known scholars R. +Keyser and C. R. Unger, and illustrated by an introduction, notes, +glossary, fac-simile, &c. (_Barlaams ok Josaphats Saga._ 8vo. Christiania, +1851.) The editors re-adopt the formerly received opinion, that the Greek +original (now printed in Boissonade's _Anecdota Graeca_, vol. iv.) is not +older than the eighth century, and was composed by Johannes Damascenus. But +this must be decided by future criticism. + +GEORGE STEPHENS. + +Stockholm. + +_Witte van Haemstede_ (Vol. iii., p. 209).--It may be of use to the editors +of the "NAVORSCHER" to know that _Adrianus Hamstedius_ became pastor of the +Dutch church in Austin Friars, London, in the year 1559. He succeeded +Walterus Delaenus, and resigned his office, one year after his appointment, +in favour of Petrus Delaenus, probably a son of the before-named Walterus. + +I cannot answer the question as to whether there still exist any +descendants of _Witte van Haemstede_; but as late as 1740, _Hendrik van +Haemstede_ was appointed pastor to the Dutch congregation in London. He +held the office until the year 1751, when Henricus Putman succeeded him. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_The Dutch Church in Norwich_ (Vol. iii., p. 209.).--The editors of the +"NAVORSCHER" will find the early history of this church in Strype's _Annals +of the Reformation_; Blomefield's _History of Norwich_; and in Burn's +_History of the Foreign Refugees_. Dr. Hendrik Gehle, the pastor of the +Dutch church in Austin Friars, who is also the occasional minister of the +Dutch church at Norwich, would be the most likely person to furnish +information as to its present state. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + +_Fest Sittings_ (Vol. iii., p. 328.).--_Festing_ is, I presume, without +doubt, a Saxon word. A "Festing-man," among the Saxons, was a person who +stood as a surety or pledge for another. "Festing-penny" was the money +given as an earnest or token to servants when hired. + +In the word _sittings_ there _might_ be some reference to the +_statute-sessions_, which were courts or tribunals designed for the +settlement of disputes between masters and servants. + +R. VINCENT. + +_Quakers' Attempt to convert the Pope_ (Vol. iii., p. 302.).--I beg to +refer B. S. S. to the _Correspondance inedite de Mabillon et de Montfaucon +avec l'Italie_ ... edited by M. Valery, Paris, 1846, vol. ii. p. 112. In a +letter from the Benedictine Claude Estiennot to Dom. Bulteau, dated Rome, +September 30, 1687, he will read: + + "Ce qu'on a dit ici des quakers d'Angleterre n'est ni tout-a-fait vrai + ni tout-a-fait faux. Il est certain qu'il en est venu _un_ qui a fort + presse pour avoir une audience de Sa Saintete et se promettait de le + pouvoir convertir a sa religion; ou l'a voulu mettre an PASSARELLI; + monseigneur le Cardinal Howard l'a fait enfermer au couvent de + saint-Jean et Paul et le fera sauver sans bruit pour l'honneur de la + nation." + + C. P. PH****. + +_The Anti-Jacobin_ (Vol. iii., p. 348.).--As you have so many articles in +the _Anti-Jacobin_ owned, I may mention that No. 14, was written by Mr. +Bragge, afterwards Bathurst. + +When I was at Oxford, 1807 or 1808, it was supposed that the simile in _New +Morality_, "So thine own Oak," was written by Mr. Pitt. + +C. B. + +_Mistletoe_ (Vol. iii., p. 192.).-- + + "In a paper of Tho. Willisel's he names these following trees on which + he found misseltoe growing, viz. oak, ash, lime-tree, elm, hazel, + willow, white beam, purging thorn, quicken-tree, apple-tree, crab-tree, + white-thorn." Vide p. 351. _Philosophical Letters between the late + learned Mr. Ray and several of his Ingenious Correspondents, &c._: + Lond. 1718, 8vo. + +R. WILBRAHAM FALCONER, M.D. + +Bath. + +_Verbum Graecum._--The lines in Vol. i., p. 415., where this word occurs, +are in a doggrel journal of his American travels, written by Moore, and +published in his _Epistles, Odes, and other Poems_. They are introduced +apropos to the cacophony of the names of the places which he visited. + +D. X. + +{397} + +"_Apres moi le Deluge_" (Vol. iii, p. 299.).--This sentiment is to be found +in verse of a Greek tragedian, cited in Sueton. _Nero_, c. 38.: + + "[Greek: Emou thanontos gaia michtheto puri.]" + +Suetonius says that some one, at a convivial party, having quoted this +line, Nero outdid him by adding, _Immo_ [Greek: emou zontos]. Nero was not +contented that the conflagration of the world should occur after his death; +he wished that it should take place during his lifetime. + +Dio Cassius (lviii. 23.) attributes this verse, not to Nero, but to +Tiberius, who, he says, used frequently to repeat it. See Prov. (app. ii. +56.), where other allusions to this verse are cited in the note of Leutsch. + +L. + + [We are indebted for a similar reply to C. B., who quotes the line from + Euripides, _Fragm. Inc._ B. xxvii.] + +"_Apres moi_," or "_apres nous le Deluge_" sounds like a modernisation of +the ancient verse,-- + + "[Greek: Emou thanontos gaia michtheto puri,]" + +the use of which has been imputed to the emperor Nero. The spirit of Madame +de Pompadour's saying breathes the same selfish levity; and it amounts to +the same thing. But it merits remark that the words of Metternich were of +an entirely distinct signification. They did not imply that he _cared_ only +for himself and the affairs of his own life; but that he anticipated the +inability of future ministers to avert revolution, and _foreboded_ the +worst. Two persons may use the same words, and yet their sayings be as +different as the first line of Homer from the first of Virgil. The omission +of the French verb disguises the fact, that the one was said in the +optative, and the other in the future indicative. + +A. N. + +_Eisell_, the meaning of which has been much discussed in the pages of +"NOTES AND QUERIES," is a word which seems to have been once the common +term for vinegar. The _Festival_ in the sermon for St. Michael's day +employs this term thus: + + "And other angellis with h[=i] (St. Michael) shall brynge al the + Instrum[=e]tis of our lordis passyon, the crosse; the crowne; spere; + nayles; hamer; sponge; _eyseel_; gall, scourges [=t] all other thynges + y^t w[=e] atte cristis passyon."--Rouen, A.D. 1499, _fo._ cl. b. + +D. ROCK. + +"_To-day we purpose_" (Vol. iii., p. 302).--The verse for which your +correspondent G. N. inquires, is taken from _Isabella, or the Pot of +Basil_, an exquisitely beautiful poem by Keats, founded on one of +Boccaccio's tales. + +E. J. M. + +_Modern Paper_ (Vol. iii., p. 181.).--Cordially do I agree with every word +of your correspondent LAUDATOR TEMPORIS ACTI, and especially as to the +prayer-books for churches and chapels, printed by the Universities. +_Experto crede_, no solicitude can preserve their "flimsy, brittle, and +cottony" leaves, as he justly entitles them, from rapid destruction. Might +not the delegates of the University presses be persuaded to give us an +edition with the morning and evening services printed on vellum, instead of +the miserable fabric they now afford us? + +C. W. B. + +_St. Pancras_ (Vol. iii., p. 285.).--In Breviar. Rom. sub die XII Maii, is +the following brief notice of this youthful saint, whose martyrdom was also +commemorated (Sir H. Nicolas' _Chron. of Hist._) on April 3 and July 21: + + "Pancratius, in Phrygia nobili genere natus, puer quatordecim annorum + Roman venit Diocletiano et Maximiano Imperatoribus: ubi a Pontifice + Romano baptizatus, et in fide christiana eruditus, ob eamdem paulo post + comprehensus, cum diis sacrificare constanter renuisset, virili + fortitudine datis cervicibus, illustrem martyrii coronam consecutus + est; cujus corpus Octavilla matrona noctu sustulit, et unguentis + delibutum via Aurelia sepelivit." + +Amongst the reliques in the church of St. John of Laterane, in the "the +glorious mother-city of Rome," Onuphrius (de VII. Urbis Ecclesiis) and +Serranus (de Ecclesiis Urbis Rom.), as quoted by Wm. Crashaw (temp. James +I.), enumerate: + + "Item. caput Zachariae Prophetae, et caput Sancti Pancratii de quo + sanguis emanavit ad tres dies quum Ecclesia Lateranensis combusta + fuit." + +COWGILL. + +_Joseph Nicolson's Family_ (Vol. iii., p. 243.).--A. N. C. is justly +corrected as to the insertion of the letter _h_ in Dr. Wm. Nicolson's name, +though it has been adopted by some of his family since. The mother of Dr. +Wm. and Joseph Nicolson was Mary Brisco, of Crofton; not Mary Miser. + +I find from _Nichols' Correspondence of Dr. Wm. Nicolson_, that his brother +Joseph was master of the Apothecaries' Company in London. He died in May, +1724. He lived in Salisbury Court, where it would appear the Bishop resided +at least on one occasion that he was in London. + +MONKSTOWN. + +_Demosthenes and New Testament_ (Vol. iii., p. 350.).--The quotations from +Demosthenes, and many others more or less pointed, are to be found, as +might be expected, in the well-known, very learned, and standard edition of +the new Testament by Wetstein. + +C. B. + +_Crossing Rivers on Skins_ (Vol. iii., p. 3.).--To the _Latin_ authors +cited by JANUS DOUSA illustrating this practice, allow me to add the +following from the Greek. Xenophon, in his _Anabasis_, lib. iii. cap. v., +so clearly exhibits the _modus operandi_, that I shall give a translation +of the passage: + + "And while they were at a loss what to do, a certain Rhodian came up + and said, 'I am ready to ferry you over, O men! by 4000 heavy armed men + at a {398} time, if you furnish me with what I want, and will give me a + talent as a reward.' And being asked of what he stood in need:--'I + shall want,' said he, '2000 leathern bags; and I see here many sheep, + and goats, and oxen, and asses; which, being flayed, and (their skins) + inflated, would readily furnish a means of transport. And I shall + require also the girths, which you use for the beasts of burden. And on + these,' said he, 'having bound the leathern bags, and fastened them one + to another, and affixing stones, and letting them down like anchors, + and binding them on either side, I will lay on wood, and put earth over + them. And that you will not then sink, you shall presently very clearly + perceive; for each leathern bag will support two men from sinking, and + the wood and earth will keep them from slipping." + +Skins, or tent coverings, stuffed with hay, appear also to have been very +generally used for this purpose (Vid. Id., lib. i. cap. v.). Arrian relates +(lib. v. Exped. cap. 12.) that Alexander used this contrivance for crossing +the Hydaspes: + + "[Greek: Autos de (Alexandros)--agon epi ten neson kai ten akran, + enthen diabainein en egnosmenon. Kai entautha eplerounto tes nuktos hai + diphtherai tes karphes ek pollou ede parenenegmenai, kai katerrhaptonto + es akribeian.]" + +E. S. TAYLOR. + +Martham, Norfolk. + +_Curious Facts in Natural History_ (Vol. iii., p. 166.).--There is a +parallel to the curious fact contributed by your Brazilian correspondent in +the "vegetable caterpillar" of New Zealand. This natural rarity is +described in Angas's _Savage Life and Scenes in Australia and New Zealand_, +vol. i. p. 291.:-- + + "Amongst the damp moss at the root of the _rata_ trees, in the shady + forests not far from Auckland, and also in various parts of the + northern island, are found those extraordinary productions called + vegetable caterpillars, the _hotete_ of the natives. In appearance, the + caterpillar differs but little from that of the common privet + sphinx-moth, after it has descended to the ground, previously to its + undergoing the change into the chrysalis state. But the most remarkable + characteristic of the vegetable caterpillar is, that every one has a + very curious plant, belonging to the fungi tribe, growing from the + _anus_; this fungus varies from three to six inches in length, and + bears at its extremity a blossom-like appendage, somewhat resembling a + miniature bulrush, and evidently derives its nourishment from the body + of the insect. This caterpillar when recently found, is of the + substance of cork; and it is discovered by the natives seeing the tips + of the fungi, which grow upwards. They account for this phenomenon, by + asserting that the caterpillar, when feeding upon the _rata_ tree + overhead, swallows the seeds of the fungus, which take root in the body + of the insect, and germinate as soon as it retreats to the damp mould + beneath, to undergo its transformation into the pupa state. Specimens + of these vegetable caterpillars have been transmitted to naturalists in + England, by whom they have been named _Sphaeria Robertii_."--_Savage + Life and Scenes in Australia and New Zealand_, by G. F. Angas: London, + 1847, vol. i. p. 291. + +I recently had several specimens of the insect, with its remarkable +appendage, which had been brought from the colony by a relative. + +R. W. C. + +_Prideaux_ (Vol. iii., p. 268.).--The Prideaux, who took part in the +Monmouth rebellion, was a son of Sir Edmund Prideaux, the purchaser of Ford +Abbey. (See Birch's _Life of Tillotson_.) Tillotson appears to have been a +chaplain to Sir E. Prideaux at Ford Abbey, and a tutor to the young +Prideaux. + +K. TH. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Our readers will probably remember that the result of several +communications which appeared in our columns on the subject of the +celebrated _Treatise of Equivocation_, found in the chambers of Tresham, +and produced at the trial of the persons engaged in the Gunpowder Plot, was +a letter from a correspondent (J. B., Vol. ii., p. 168.) announcing that +the identical MS. copy of the work referred to by Sir Edward Coke on the +occasion in question, was safely preserved in the Bodleian Library. It was +not to be supposed that a document of such great historical interest, which +had been long sought after, should, when discovered, be suffered to remain +unprinted; and Mr. Jardine, the accomplished editor of the _Criminal +Trials_ (the second volume of which, it will be remembered, is entirely +devoted to a very masterly narrative of the Gunpowder Plot), has +accordingly produced a very carefully prepared edition of the Tract in +question; introduced by a preface, in which its historical importance is +alone discussed, the object of the publication being not controversial but +historical. "To obviate," says Mr. Jardine, "any misapprehension of the +design in publishing it at a time when events of a peculiar character have +drawn much animadversion upon the principles of the Roman Catholics, it +should be stated that the _Treatise_ would have been published ten years +ago, had the inquiries then made led to its discovery; and that it is now +published within a few weeks after the manuscript has been brought to light +in the Bodleian Library." The work is one of the most important +contributions to English history which has recently been put forth, and Mr. +Jardine deserves the highest credit for the manner in which he was +discharged his editorial duties. + +_Horae Egyptiacae, or the Chronology of Ancient Egypt discovered from +Astronomical and Hieroglyphical Records, including many dates found in +coeval inscriptions from the period of the building of the great Pyramid to +the times of the Persians, and illustrative of the History of the first +Nineteen Dynasties, &c._, by Reginald Stuart Poole, is the ample title of a +work dedicated to the Duke of Northumberland, under whose auspices it has +been produced. The work, which is intended to explain the Chronology and +History of Ancient Egypt from its monuments, originally appeared in a +series of {399} papers in the _Literary Gazette_. These have been improved, +the calculations contained in them subjected to the most rigid scrutiny; +and when we say that in the preparation of this volume Mr. Poole has had +assistance from Mr. Lane, Mr. and Mrs. Lieber of Cairo, Dr. Abbot of Cairo, +Mr. Birch of the British Museum, Professor Airy, and, lastly, of Sir +Gardener Wilkinson, who, in his _Architecture of Ancient Egypt_, avows that +"he fully agrees with Mr. Poole in the contemporaneousness of certain +kings, and in the order of succession he gives to the early Pharaohs," we +do quite enough to recommend it to the attention of all students of the +History and Monuments of Ancient Egypt. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_Plato Translated by G. Burges_, vol. 4. The new volume of +Bohn's Classical Library is in the fourth volume of the Translation of +Plato, which, strange as it may sound to those of our readers who know +anything of what is essential to a popular book in these days, has, we +believe, been one of the most popular of the many cheap books issued by Mr. +Bohn. How much the impression made on the public mind by the well-worn +quotation, "Plato, thou reasonest well," may have contributed to this +result, we leave others to decide.--_What is the working of the Church of +Spain? What is implied in submitting to Rome? What is it that presses +hardest upon the Church of England? A Tract by the Rev. F. Meyrick, M.A._ +London: J. H. Parker. These are three very important _Queries_, but +obviously not of a nature for discussion in NOTES AND QUERIES.--_The Penny +Post_, I. to IV., _February to May_. The words "_thirtieth thousand_" on +the title-page, show the success which has already attended this Church +Penny Magazine. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--T. Kerslake's (3. Park Street, Bristol) Catalogue of +Books lately bought; Cole's (15. Great Turnstile) List No. XXXV. of very +Cheap Books; C. Hamilton's (22. Anderson's Buildings, City Road) Catalogue +No. XLII. of a remarkably Cheap Miscellaneous Collection of Old Books, +Tracts, &c.; G. Johnston's (11. Goodge Street, Tottenham Court Road) Book +Circular. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +DIANA (ANTONINUS) COMPENDIUM RESOLUTIONEM MORALIUM. Antwerp.-Colon. +1634-57. + +PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio. Basil, 1522. + +CARTARI--LA ROSA D'ORO PONTIFICIA. 4to. Rome, 1681. + +BROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705. + +THE COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND, edited by Leyden. 8vo. Edin. 1801. + +THOMS' LAYS AND LEGENDS OF VARIOUS NATIONS. Parts I. to VII. 12mo. 1834. + +L'ABBE DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo. Utrecht, +1713. + +CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, ou l'on traite de la Necessite, de +l'Origine, des Droits, des Bornes et des differentes Formes de la +Souverainete, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de Telemaque. 2 Vols. 12mo. +La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719. + +The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le +Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fenelon," 12mo. Londres, 1721. + +PULLEN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM, 8vo. + +COOPER'S (C. P.) ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC RECORDS, 8vo. 1822. Vol. I. + +LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Sm. 8vo. 1837. Vols. X. XI. XII. XIII. + +MILLER'S (JOHN, OF WORCESTER COLL.) SERMONS. Oxford, 1831 (or about that +year). + +WHARTON'S ANGLIA SACRA. Vol. II. + +PHEBUS (Gaston, Conte de Foix), Livre du deduyt de la Chasse. + +TURNER'S SACRED HISTORY. 3 vols. demy 8vo. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +G. E. F. _Will this correspondent oblige us with another copy of his Query +respecting the Knapp Family? The Query to which he alludes came from a +gentleman who has shown by his published works that he is both able and +willing to search out information for himself. It is the more surprising, +therefore, that he should have overlooked the very obvious source from +which the information was eventually supplied._ + +_We are unavoidably compelled to omit from the present Number our usual +list of_ Replies Received. + +FOREIGN CHURCHES. W. A. _thinks we should be doing a kindness to our +foreign visitors by reminding them of the existence of the_ Dutch Church in +Austin Friars, _and of the_ Swedish Church, Prince's Square, Ratcliffe +Highway, _around which are yet flourishing some of the trees imported and +planted by Dr. Solander._ + +MERCURII _is thanked for his last packet. We shall make use of some parts +of it when we return, as we purpose doing very shortly, to the proposed_ +Record of Existing Monuments. _We cannot trace the Queries to which he +refers. Will he oblige us with copies of them?_ + +E. H. Y. _Will our correspondent say where we may address a communication +to him?_ + +VOLS. I. _and_ II., _each with very copious Index, may still be had, price +9s. 6d. each_. + +NOTES AND QUERIES _may be procured, by order, of all Booksellers and +Newsvenders. It is published at noon on Friday, so that our country +Subscribers ought not to experience any difficulty in procuring it +regularly. Many of the country Booksellers, &c., are, probably, not yet +aware of this arrangement, which will enable them to receive_ NOTES AND +QUERIES _in their Saturday parcels._ + +_All communications for the Editor of_ NOTES AND QUERIES _should be +addressed to the care of_ MR. BELL, No. 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Just Published, fcp. 8vo., cloth, with Steel Engraving, pricing 4s. 6d. + +THE FAIRY GODMOTHER and other Tales. By Mrs. ALFRED GATTY. + + "Her love for Fairy Literature has led Mrs. Alfred Gatty to compose + four pretty little moral stories, in which the fairies are gracefully + enough used as machinery. They are slight, but well written, and the + book is altogether very nicely put out of hand."--_Guardian._ + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Just Published, 8vo., price 7s. 6d. + +THE THEORY OF ELLIPTIC INTEGRALS, and the PROPERTIES of SURFACES of the +Second Order, applied to the Investigation of the Motion of a Body round a +Fixed Point. By JAMES BOOTH, LL.D., F.R.S., &c., Chaplain to the Most +Honourable the Marquess of Lansdowne, and formerly Principal of Bristol +College. + +London: GEORGE BELL, Fleet Street. Cambridge: JOHN DEIGHTON. + + * * * * * + + +In the Press, Volumes III. and IV. of + +THE JUDGES OF ENGLAND. By EDWARD FOSS, F.S.A. Comprehending the period from +Edward I. to Richard III., 1272 to 1485. + +Lately published, price 28s. + +VOLUMES I. and II. of the same Work; from the Conquest to the end of Henry +III., 1066 to 1272. + + "A work in which a subject of great historical importance is treated + with the care, diligence, and learning it deserves; in which Mr. Foss + has brought to light many points previously unknown, corrected many + errors, and shown such ample knowledge of his subject as to conduct it + successfully through all the intricacies of a difficult investigation; + and such taste and judgement as will enable him to quit, when occasion + requires, the dry details of a professional inquiry, and to impart to + his work, as he proceeds, the grace and dignity of a philosophical + history."--_Gent. Mag._ + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +{400} + +[Illustration] + +GREAT EXHIBITION. + + * * * * * + +CENTRAL AVENUE. + + * * * * * + +An Illustrated Priced Catalogue of Church Furniture Contributed by + + GILBERT J. FRENCH, + BOLTON, LANCASHIRE, + +forwarded Free by Post on application. + + * * * * * + +Parcels delivered Carriage Free in London, daily. + + * * * * * + + +PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, + +50. REGENT STREET. + +CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS. +Established 1806. + +Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818l. + +Annual Income, 150,000l.--Bonuses Declared, 743,000l. +Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450l. + +_President._ +The Right Honourable EARL GREY. + +_Directors._ +The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman._ +Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman._ + + Henry B. Alexander, Esq. + George Dacre, Esq. + William Judd, Esq. + Sir Richard D. King, Bart. + The Hon. 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Upper Montague Street, Montague +Square. + +NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED. + +Examples of the Extinction of premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses. + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + | | | Bonuses added + Date | Sum | | subsequently, to be + of | Insured. | Original Premium. | further increased + Policy. | | | annually. + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + 1806 | L2500 |L79 10 10 Extinguished| L1222 2 0 + 1811 | 1000 | 33 19 2 Ditto | 231 17 8 + 1818 | 1000 | 34 16 10 Ditto | 114 18 10 + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + +Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies. + + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + | | | | Total with Additions, + Policy | Date. | Sum | Bonuses | to be further + No. | | Insured. | added. | increased. + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + 521 | 1807 | L900 | L982 12 1 | L1882 12 1 + 1174 | 1810 | 1200 | 1160 5 6 | 2360 5 6 + 3392 | 1820 | 5000 | 3558 17 8 | 8558 17 8 + ----------------------------------------------------------------- + +Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to the +Agents of the Office, in all the principal towns of the United Kingdom, at +the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent Street. + + * * * * * + + +MR. MURRAY'S WORK ON HORACE. + +This day is published, price 9s. + +ORIGINAL VIEWS OF PASSAGES IN THE LIFE AND WRITINGS OF THE POET-PHILOSOPHER +OF VENUSIA: with which is combined an Illustration of the Suitability of +the Ancient Epic and Lyric Styles to Modern Subjects of National and +General Interest. By JOHN MURRAY, M.A., Royal Gold Medalist in "Science and +Arts," by award of His Majesty the King of Prussia; First Junior Moderator +in Ethics and Logic: Ex-Scholar and Lay Resident Master of Trinity College, +Dublin. + +Dublin: HODGES and SMITH, Grafton Street, Booksellers to the University. + +London: SIMPKIN, MARSHALL, and Co.; and all Booksellers. + + * * * * * + + +2 vols., post 8vo., cloth, 21s. + +AN EXCURSION TO CALIFORNIA OVER the PRAIRIE, ROCKY MOUNTAINS, and GREAT +SIERRA NEVADA, with a Stroll through the Diggings and Ranches of that +Country. By WILLIAM KELLY, J.P. + + "Two pleasant, rattling, truth-like volumes, by an Irish J.P., who + appears to possess in perfection the fun, frolic, shrewdness, and + adaptability to circumstances so remarkable among the better specimens + of his countrymen.... The second volume is entirely devoted to the best + description of California and its 'diggings,' its physical features, + its agriculture, and the social condition of its motley population, + which we have yet seen."--_Morning Advertiser._ + +London: CHAPMAN and HALL, 193. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + + +ACROSS THE ATLANTIC + +Now ready, small 8vo., cloth, price 5s. + +ACROSS THE ATLANTIC. By the Author of "Sketches of Cantabs." + + "A smart volume, full of clever observations about America and the + Americans, and the contrasts of trans-Atlantic and cis-Atlantic + life."--_John Bull._ + + "It is sensible as well as witty, accurate as well as facetious, and + deserves to be popular."--_Morning Post._ + +London: EARLE, 67. Castle Street, Oxford Street. + + * * * * * + + +M. LATEUR will Sell at his House, 125. Fleet Street, on Thursday, May 22, +an interesting collection of Autographs of distinguished Literary and +Scientific persons, including Poets, Historian, Clergy, Royal and other +personages, containing many scarce specimens. The whole in excellent +condition. May be viewed the day previous and morning of Sale, and +Catalogues had. + + * * * * * + + +Highly curious Books, MSS., Engravings, and Works on Art. + +PUTTICK AND SIMPSON, Auctioneers of Literary Property, will SELL by +AUCTION, at their Great Room, 191. Piccadilly, on MONDAY, May 26, and five +following Days, a most curious Collection of BOOKS, the property of a +Gentleman, including Works on Animal Magnetism, Mesmerism, and Mesmeric +Sleep; Angels and their Ministrations; Apparitions, Ghosts, Hobgoblins, +Presentiments, Second Sight, and Supernatural Appearances; Magical +Practices and Conjuration; Daemonology, Spectres, and Vampires; Popular +Superstitions, Popish Credulity, Delusions, Ecstacies, Fanaticisms, and +Impostures; Astrology, Divination, Revelations, and Prophecies; Necromancy, +Sorcery, and Witchcraft; Infatuation, Diabolical Possession, and +Enthusiasm; Proverbs, Old Sayings, and Vulgar Errors; the Household Book of +Sir Ed. Coke, Original MS.; Early English Poetry, MS. temp. James I.; +Grammatical Treatises printed by W. de Worde; Facetiae; Works on Marriage +Ceremonies, the Intercourse of the Sexes, and the Philosophy of Marriage; +the Plague; Polygamy, Prostitution and its Consequences; Meteors and +Celestial Influences; Miracles, Monkish Frauds and Criminal Excesses; +Phrenology and Physiognomy, &c. Catalogues will be sent on application. + + * * * * * + + +Just Published, in 1 vol. fcp. 8vo., price 5s., cloth. + +A TREATISE OF EQUIVOCATION. Wherein is largely discussed the question +whether a Catholicke or any other person before a magistrate, being +demanded upon his Oath whether a Prieste were in such a place, may +(notwithstanding his perfect knowledge to the contrary) without Perjury, +and securely in conscience, answer No; with this secret meaning reserved in +his mynde. That he was not there so that any man is bounde to detect it. +Edited from the Original Manuscript in the Bodleian Library, by DAVID +JARDINE, of the Middle Temple, Esq., Barrister at Law. + +London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New Street Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 17. 1851. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +page 387, "DUTCH FOLK-LORE" (heading): 'FOLK-LORR' in original. + +page 390, "Ashby-de-la-Zouch" (contributor's address): 'Ashley-de-la-Zouch' +in original. + +page 391, "the meaning of crambo": 'crambe' in original. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 81, May 17, +1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 17, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 29318.txt or 29318.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/9/3/1/29318/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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