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diff --git a/old/29034-8.txt b/old/29034-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6c5770d --- /dev/null +++ b/old/29034-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2611 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, July 13, 1880, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Harper's Young People, July 13, 1880 + An Illustrated Weekly + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 4, 2009 [EBook #29034] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, JULY 13, 1880 *** + + + + +Produced by Annie McGuire + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: HARPER'S + +YOUNG PEOPLE + +AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY.] + + * * * * * + +VOL. I.--NO. 37. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. PRICE FOUR +CENTS. + +Tuesday, July 13, 1880. Copyright, 1880, by HARPER & BROTHERS. $1.50 per +Year, in Advance. + + * * * * * + + + + +[Illustration: SETTING THE CRAB NET.--DRAWN BY C. S. REINHART.] + +A CRABBING ADVENTURE. + +BY MATTHEW WHITE, JUN. + + +There were George and Bert, Sarah and the baby. + +"And you and I have pretty good appetites, Bert," George would say, +whenever the Fieldens' finances were discussed, which, since the +father's death, had been pretty often. + +"If we could only have staid on in the house in Fayetville! The garden +was getting along so nicely, and now to think all the fruit and +vegetables will be picked and sold or eaten by somebody else!" and Sarah +sighed, as she thought of the spring budding and blossoming in which she +had taken such an interest. + +"But why can't we live off the river in place of the garden?" asked +George. "The boys down at the dock say they can make lots of money +selling soft crabs. They get from sixty to seventy-five cents a dozen, +and, oh, mother, if Bert and me could only have a net and a boat and a +crab car, and roll up our pants like Nat Springer, we'd just bring you +so much money that you needn't hardly sew at all!" and in his enthusiasm +George's eyes sparkled, and he ruthlessly trampled upon every rule of +grammar he had ever learned. + +At first Mrs. Fielden was inclined to discourage the young would-be +fishermen, she having a perfect terror of their both being swallowed up +by the river, as if it were some beast of prey. But she was finally +prevailed upon to give her consent. A second-hand boat was purchased at +a trifling price from Captain Sam, an old sailor, who had taken a great +fancy to the boys, and he gave them a net, which he showed them how to +use. + +Thus fitted out, the boys would anchor near the shore a short distance +below the village, roll up their trousers above their knees, and then +stepping overboard, each take hold of an end of the net, and, keeping +quiet as mice, wait until a crab came sailing up or down with the tide, +when they would scoop him up, and shout "Hurrah!" if it proved to be a +soft shell, and "Oh, pshaw!" if it was hard. However, in the latter +case, it was not thrown away, but shaken off into the boat's locker, to +be transferred to the car and left to "shed." + +They did not at once make their fortune, for although they might have +good "catches," that did not always insure a ready market; but as the +warmer weather came on, and the village began to fill up with people +from the city, the boys procured two or three regular customers, who did +not grudge the fair prices paid for the "little-boy lobsters," as Bert +called them. + +Captain Sam stood firm friend and adviser to them from the first, and +when some of the other crabbers were inclined to find fault with what +they termed the injury done their business, he did his best to make +peace, saying the river was big enough for all. + +But one very hot afternoon, George and Bert came down to the shore +looking rather blue, for the day previous some of the other village boys +had repaired in a body to where the two were anchored, and made such a +splashing about as to frighten all the crabs away. + +"I think it's an awful shame," muttered George, as he pushed off. "This +is a free country, and I don't see why we haven't as good a right to +make money out of the river as Teddy Lee or Nat Springer. They--" + +"Hold on a minute, George!" cried Bert, as his brother, with one knee on +the bow, was about to send the _Sarah_ into deep water with the other +foot. "Here comes Captain Sam. Let's tell him about it; maybe he'll know +what we ought to do;" and so they waited till the good-natured old man +came up. + +But there was no need to tell him anything, for he had already heard of +the new outbreak on the part of the village boys, and now appeared with +a suggestion, by acting on which hostilities might in the future be +avoided. + +"I'm real sorry, boys," he began, as he took his seat on the side of his +own boat, which was drawn up close beside the _Sarah_. "I'm real sorry +as how these Yorking youngsters don't treat you no better. They only +hurt theirselves by it, they do," and Sam spoke with unusual emphasis, +at the same time polishing up the glass of his "jack-light" with an +energy that threatened to break the panes. "But now I'll tell you what +tack I think you'd better take, an' thet right off, fer the tide's 'most +out a'ready. Jist you row across nigh to the other side o' the river, +drop yer anchor on the flat right opposite thet little sort o' bay +yonder, and then put down yer net to good business. D'ye understand whar +I mean, lads?" and the Captain pointed with his long, water-shrivelled +forefinger, adding, "It seems purty far to go, but it'll pay when you +git thar--it'll pay;" and leaning forward, Sam gave the _Sarah_ a shove +that sent her clear of the shore, out into the centre of the cove which +served as the harbor for all the fishing-boats in Yorking. + +With their hearts considerably lightened by their friend's sympathy and +advice, the two Fielden boys lost no time in following his instructions, +and each taking an oar, they were soon spinning straight across the +river at a speed that in ten minutes or so brought them to the flat. +Here the anchor was dropped over the side, and the boys got out in the +shallow water. + +The net was quickly put in place, and Captain Sam's predictions amply +verified, for the outgoing tide brought down quantities of soft shells +and "shedders," to say nothing of hard crabs. It was fortunate Bert had +the car with him, for he was always seeing "such splendid fellows" just +a little further up, that the _Sarah_ was soon left quite a distance +behind, the lads being not only much interested in their success, but +also in the exploration of the flat, which appeared to be long and +narrow, with deep channels on every side. + +Absorbed in the water at their feet, the boys failed to notice the +change that was taking place in the sky overhead, and the first +intimation they had of the storm that had been brewing all the afternoon +was a terrific squall, which struck them with a suddenness that almost +took away their breath. + +"Make for the boat, Bert," shouted George, the next instant; and the two +splashed their way through the now wave-capped waters with all possible +speed. + +But what was their horror, when they had almost reached the _Sarah_, to +see the latter break away from her anchorage, and drift swiftly down +stream with the gale! + +The rope had parted, and they were left helpless on the flats. + +"Oh, George, what shall we do?" almost sobbed Bert, for he was only ten, +and the wind, and rain, and seething floods around him raged most +furiously. + +George was frightened too, but remembering his twelve years, he tried to +look confident and hopeful, as he pointed out the fact that some one +would surely come after them. + +"But--but won't the tide come in before then?" queried Bert, his voice +trembling still, and his cheeks all wet with rain. "I think I feel it a +little higher now." + +"It's only the waves makes that," returned George, soothingly, although +the same horrible possibility had just presented itself to him. + +The storm, however, did not last long; but with the going down of the +wind, the tide began to come in faster, and Bert stood on his toes, and +then sank the crab car, and stood on that. It was a good mile across the +river to Yorking--too far to permit of any signals being seen there--and +the nearer shore was quite wild, the woods extending down almost to the +water's edge. + +And still the tide came rushing in; and then the sun went down, and Bert +began to cry in earnest, for he was both cold and hungry, besides +feeling it a decidedly unpleasant sensation to have the water creep up +little by little toward his neck. + +"Why don't Captain Sam come after us?" he sobbed, hiding his face on +George's coat sleeve. + +"Perhaps he will; but, you see, he don't know we've lost our boat; so +we'll just have to wait long enough for them to get worried about us at +home." + +George spoke bravely, but his heart beat very hard and fast, for now the +water had reached above where his trousers were rolled, while Bert, who +was almost a head shorter, was wet to the waist. + +And so the minutes passed by as if they were hours, with the tide +creeping up around the lads higher, higher, till just as Bert's +shoulders were about to disappear into its cold embrace, George +exclaimed: + +"A light! a light! Look, Bert, it's coming this way!" + +And now both boys strained their eyes to see if they might hope, and +then cried out with all their might. + +Nearer and nearer came the welcome beacon, casting a shining pathway +before it over the waters, and soon answering shouts were echoed back, +and a girl's voice rang out, "George! Bertie!" and the next moment +Captain Sam's boat shot into view, with the "jack-light" on the bow, and +Sarah sitting pale and anxious in the stern. + +Tenderly Sam's strong arms lifted the two shivering lads on board, and +their sister fell to weeping and laughing over them in the most +confusing fashion. + +On the way back George told the story of their captivity on the flats, +and the Captain explained that soon after they had left him in the +afternoon he had gone to Fayetville to see his daughter, not getting +back till after supper, when he found Sarah rushing up and down the +shore in a most distracted state of mind. + +"But we've got lots of crabs," put in Bert, from his seat on the car, +which he had guarded safely through it all. "And George was real brave, +too. He didn't cry once." + +"We've lost our boat, though, I'm afraid," returned his brother, anxious +to change the conversation. + +"Oh, I guess we'll find her somewheres 'long shore to-morrow," replied +Sam; and they did, and afterward took good care not to practice false +economy by having an old worn-out rope to their anchor. + +The next day the lads' adventure was known all over Yorking, and in +future the other crabbers treated them in quite a respectful manner, +evidently thinking that now the Fielden boys had really earned the right +to follow the business. + + + + +EDDIE'S LANTERNS. + +BY ALBERT H. HARDY. + + + Eddie loves to watch the fire-flies + As the summer evenings pass, + Flashing like a shower of diamonds + In and out the meadow-grass. + + "What are all the lights?" I ask him. + "Gracious! papa, don't you know? + God has sent these little lanterns, + So the plants can see to grow." + + + + +EASY BOTANY. + + +JULY. + +June, with its rounded freshness unsullied by a faded leaf, its wood +paths gay with flowers, its glorious sunsets and sunrises, its +_perfection_ of beauty and sweetness--June has passed along to make room +for the fervid July. This midsummer month has its charms, and can show a +fair array of bright blossoms, the yellows becoming more prevalent, and +all the colors deepening as the heat grows more intense. The delicate +spring flowers are succeeded by a stouter and somewhat coarser display. +The species of veratrum, or false hellebore, which is now to be seen in +New England swamps and pastures, is a very striking plant; it has long +leaves, strongly veined and most beautifully plaited, with numerous +racemes of green flowers, forming a large terminal pyramid. The Indiana +veratrum, found in deep woods at the West and South, is a tall plant, +five or six feet high, with very large leaves, and has a kind of unholy +look, the flowers almost black, with red stamens. + +This is the month for hosts of wild peas and vetches: the purple vetch +in New England thickets; the everlasting-pea on Vermont hill-sides; the +pink beach-pea and marsh-pea on New Jersey coasts and Western lake +shores: the pale purple myrtle-pea climbing over banks by New England +road-sides; the blue butterfly-pea, two inches broad, very showy, and +found in woods and fields of New York and Pennsylvania. These are all +graceful and pretty. + +On Western prairies blossoms the deep pink prairie rose, the only native +climbing rose of the States, and on rocky banks in Pennsylvania woods +may be found the beautiful wild hydrangea flowers, silvery white or +rose-color. Let the young flower-seeker not fail to look for the +interesting parnassia, or grass of Parnassus, so named by the learned +Dioscodorus more than eighteen hundred years ago, who found it growing +on Mount Parnassus. One species of this little plant is abundant in damp +fields in Eastern Connecticut and in the Middle and Southern States. The +leaves are round and firm, the flower star-shaped, white, and streaked +with fine green lines. + +By ponds and in damp thickets in Connecticut and New Jersey may be found +the showy rhexia, or meadow-beauty, the petals bright reddish-purple, +with crooked stamens brilliant yellow, and captivating seed-vessels +shaped like little antique vases. Several species of the singular orchis +tribe are in bloom during this month. As a general thing, these +remarkable plants delight in cold, damp, boggy, muddy pastures, and old +dark woods and thickets. + +The flowers are beautiful, and several are fragrant; the colors white, +yellow, and shades of purple, and one, the fragrant purple-fringed +orchis, is as perfect and beautiful as can be imagined, and well repays +the tramp through damp woods. So also does the superb white +lady's-slipper, found in the same localities, and contrasting finely +with the dark, shaded places it loves, the large white blossoms, with +purple or red lines, two or three on a stalk. In shallow pools and wet +places the white arrow-head is plentiful; and the whiter wild calla, +really handsomer than its majestic relative the cultivated calla, and +the brilliant cardinal-flower gleam out beside the water-courses. + +WILD FLOWERS OF JULY. + + COMMON NAME. COLOR. LOCALITY, ETC. + + Aconite, wolf's-bane Purple, poison Dry rocky places; Pennsylvania. + Agrimony Soft yellow Open woods; New Jersey. + Archangelica White Dry open woods; Middle States. + Beach-pea Purple, large Sea-coast; New Jersey. + Black snakeroot White racemes Deep woods; Maine, West. + Butterfly-pea Violet, large Sandy woods; Maryland, + Virginia. + Button-ball White Wet places. Common. + Callirhoe Red-purple Dry fields, prairies; Illinois. + Cardinal-flower Intense red Wet places. Common. + Coral-berry Pink Dry fields and banks. Middle + States. + Deptford pink Rose-color, + white spots Dry soil; Mass. to Virginia. + Evening primrose Pale yellow Sandy soil. Common. + Everlasting-pea Yellowish-white Hill-sides; Vermont, Mass. + Fringed orchis Purple Dark woods; New England. + Fumitory Rose-color, + nodding Sandy fields; New Jersey. + Ginseng White Cool, rich woods. Rare. + Glade mallow White Limestone valleys; + Pennsylvania. + Grass of Parnassus Wh., green + lines Damp meadows; Connecticut. + Hardhack Rose-color Damp meadows; New England. + Hedysarum Purple Vermont, Maine. + Hercules's club Greenish-white River-banks; Middle States. + Indiana dragon-root Black and red, + poison Damp woods; West. + Indian physic White, pink Rich woods; Pa., New York. + Lady's-slipper White, red + lines Deep, boggy woods; New England. + Lead-plant Violet Crevices of rocks; Michigan. + Marsh-pea Blue, purple Moist places; New England. + Meadow-beauty Bright purple Borders of ponds; Conn., N. J. + Meadow-sweet White, pink Wet, low grounds; New England. + Moss-campion Purple, white White Mountains. + Myrtle-pea Pale purple Climbing; New England thickets. + New Jersey tea White clusters Dry woodlands; Middle States. + Nondo, lovage Wh., aromatic Rich woods; Virginia. + Passion-flower Green'h-yellow Damp thickets; Pa., Illinois. + Pencil-flower Yellow New Jersey; pine-barrens. + Poison-hemlock White, poison Waste, wet places. Common. + Prairie rose Deep pink Climbing; prairies West. + Prickly poppy Showy yellow Open woods; South and West. + Rattle-box Yellow Sandy soil; New Jersey. + Royal catchfly Deep scarlet Western prairies. + Sea-rocket Purplish New England coast and West. + Slender sundew White Shores of Western lakes. + Snow-berry White Rocky banks; Vermont to Pa. + Spikenard White Rich woodlands; New England. + St. Andrew's cross Yellow, stamens + crossing New Jersey; Illinois. + St. John's wort Yellow, large River-banks; New England. + Stone-crop Yellow Rocky road-sides. Common. + St. Peter's wort Light yellow Pine-barrens of New Jersey. + Touch-me-not Pale yellow Moist banks. Common. + Veratrum (false + hellebore) Purple, poison Swamps; New England. + Vetch Blue, purple Thickets; New England. + Western wall-flower Orange-yellow Limestone cliffs; West. + Wild calla White Wet places. Common. + Wild hydrangea Purple, white Rocky banks; Pennsylvania. + Wild larkspur Purple, blue Rich woods; Pa., New York. + Wild licorice Dull purple Damp woods. Common. + Wild senna Yellow Damp soil; Middle States. + Wolf-berry White, pink West and South. + + + + +THE STORY OF THE AMERICAN NAVY. + +BY BENSON J. LOSSING. + + +CHAPTER I. + +"You have no right to tax us without our consent," said the +English-American colonists to the British Parliament more than a hundred +years ago. "The Great Charter of England forbids it." + +"We have the right to control you in all cases whatsoever," answered the +Parliament. + +"Taxation without representation is tyranny, and we will not submit to +it," the colonists declared. A mighty quarrel then began, which lasted +ten years, and ended in blows. The colonists thought with Cromwell that +"rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God." + +The Parliament levied a stamp tax, but could not enforce it. A tax on +tea was laid, when the patriotic women of America ceased drinking tea, +while the men resolved that not a pound of the plant should be landed on +our shores until the tax should be taken off. Nevertheless, tea ships +came to Boston, when the citizens cast their cargoes into the waters of +the harbor. + +That tea party made the British government very angry. The King called +his American subjects "rebels," and proceeded to punish the people of +Boston. All the colonists stood by them. British troops were sent to +make the Americans obedient vassals instead of loving subjects. The +representatives of the colonists all over the land met in a General +Congress at Philadelphia. That was in 1774. In that Congress Patrick +Henry, of Virginia, said, "We must fight." At the same time Joseph +Hawley, of Massachusetts, said in the Provincial Congress, "We must +fight." The patriotic people everywhere, with compressed lips and +valorous hearts, said, "We must fight." + +Faint-hearted men and women shook their heads, and said: "Be prudent. +You know Great Britain has scores of ships of war, and we have not one; +how can we hope to win in such a contest?" + +Stout-hearted men and women replied, "We will buy or build ships, make +warriors of them, man them with hardy New England fishermen, and with +the faith of little David meet the Goliath of England, trusting in the +Lord, who will defend the right." + +And the people said, "Amen." + +The Congress appointed a "Marine Committee"--a sort of distributed +Secretary of the Navy. They ordered more than a dozen war vessels to be +built. Officers were appointed, crews were gathered, and Esek Hopkins, a +seaman of Rhode Island, then almost sixty years of age, was made +Commodore and Commander-in-chief of the Continental Navy. This was the +germ of the United States Navy. + +Early in 1776 Hopkins sailed from the Delaware to the Bahama Islands, +with four ships and three sloops. At New Providence he captured the +forts, nearly one hundred cannon, and a large quantity of ammunition and +stores. On his return he fought several British vessels, captured two, +and took his little squadron safely into the harbor of New London, +Connecticut. Not doing so well as the Congress desired, he was soon +afterward relieved of command, and no successor was appointed. + +John Paul Jones, a little Scotchman less than thirty years of age, was +one of the most active officers of this Continental Navy, and became the +most conspicuous marine hero of the old war for independence. He was the +first who raised an American flag over an American vessel of war, in +December, 1775; and in various ships he gained such great renown that +after the war he received special honors from the French monarch, became +Vice-Admiral in the Russian navy, and when he died, the government of +France decreed him a public funeral. + +There were other Americans at that time who became naval heroes only a +little less famous than Jones. There was John Manly, the veteran sailor +of Marblehead, whom Washington appointed Captain when he fitted out some +privateers at Boston before a navy was created. While the Congress were +talking about a navy, Manly was cruising off the coast of Massachusetts +in the armed schooner _Lee_, keenly watching for British vessels laden +with military supplies for the army in Boston. He captured three of them +laden with arms and munitions of war, then much needed by the patriots +who were besieging the New England capital. + +There was young Nicholas Biddle, who had served with Nelson in the Royal +Navy, and who accompanied Hopkins to the Bahamas. He did gallant service +as commander of the _Randolph_, until she was blown up in battle, when +Biddle and all his men perished. + +[Illustration: FRANKLIN ON HIS WAY TO FRANCE.--DRAWN BY HOWARD PYLE.] + +There was Captain Wilkes, with the little _Reprisal_, of sixteen guns, +who frightened all England by his daring exploits. After fighting +British armed vessels, and taking several prizes in the West Indies, he +took Dr. Franklin, the representative of the Congress, to France. Then +he cruised in the Bay of Biscay, captured a number of English +merchantmen, and with the _Reprisal_ and two or three other small +vessels, sailed entirely around Ireland, sweeping the Channel its whole +length, destroying a number of merchant vessels, and creating great +alarm in all the British ports. Poor Wilkes perished soon afterward with +all his crew when his ship was wrecked on the rocks of Newfoundland. + +New England privateers were very busy and successful, capturing no less +than thirty vessels laden with supplies for the British army in Boston. +Among the most active of these was a little Connecticut cruiser of +fourteen guns, named the _Defense_. She took prize after prize; and on a +starry night in June, 1776, she, with some other small vessels, fought +and conquered two British transports near Boston, laden with two hundred +soldiers and a large quantity of stores. By midsummer (1776), American +cruisers had captured more than five hundred British soldiers. + +Captain Whipple, a bold Rhode-Islander, who, when a British naval +commander threatened by letter to hang him "to the yard-arm" for an +offense against the majesty of Great Britain, replied, "Catch a man +before you hang him," was in command of the Continental vessel _Doria_. +He was so successful off the coasts of New England, that when, he +returned to the Delaware his prizes were so numerous, that, after +manning them, he had only five of his original crew left on board the +_Doria_. + +The gallant Jones meanwhile had swept the seas along the coasts of Nova +Scotia, and sailed into Newport Harbor with fifteen prizes. After +resting on his laurels awhile, he was again on the Acadian coast late in +1776, where he captured a large British transport laden with supplies +for Burgoyne's army in Canada. By this time cruisers sent out by +Congress and privateers were harrying British shipping in all +directions. + +Dr. Franklin carried with him to France a number of blank commissions +for army and navy officers, signed by the President and Secretary of +Congress. These Franklin and the other Commissioners filled and signed, +and under this authority cruisers sailed from French ports to attack +British vessels. It must be remembered that France at that time, in +order to injure her old enemy, England, was giving secret aid to the +Americans in revolt. + +How active and how harmful to the British marine were some of the +cruisers commissioned by Franklin and his associates, and sent out from +French ports, we shall observe presently. + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + + + +[Begun in YOUNG PEOPLE No. 31, June 1.] + +THE MORAL PIRATES. + +BY W. L. ALDEN. + + +CHAPTER VII. + +The sun was getting to be rather too hot for boating, when the boys saw +the half-sunken wreck of a canal-boat close to the west shore, where +there was a nice shady grove. They immediately crossed the river, and, +landing near the wreck, began to get their fishing-tackle in order. + +As there were only two poles, one of which belonged to Harry and the +other to Tom, the two Sharpe boys were obliged either to cut poles for +themselves, or to watch the others while they fished. Jim cut a pole for +himself, but Joe preferred to lie on the bank. "I don't care to fish, +anyhow," he said. "I'll agree to eat twice as much fish as anybody else, +if I can be excused from fishing." + +"If you don't want to fish, you'd better hunt bait for us," said Tom. + +"I never thought about bait," exclaimed Harry. "How are we going to dig +for worms without a spade?" + +"Who wants any worms?" replied Tom. "Grasshoppers are the thing; and the +field just back of here is full of them. Come, Joe, catch us some +grasshoppers, won't you?" + +"How many do you want?" asked Joe. "I don't want to waste good +grasshoppers on fellows who won't use them. Let's see: suppose I get you +ten grasshoppers apiece. Will that do?" + +"Are you getting lazy, Joe?" said Tom, "or are you sick? A fellow who +don't want to fish must have something wrong in his insides. Harry, +you'd better give him some medicine." + +"Oh, I'm all right," replied Joe. "I'm a little sleepy to-day, but I'll +get your grasshoppers." + +Joe took an empty tin can and went in search of grasshoppers, while the +rest were getting their hooks and lines ready. In a short time he +returned, and handed the can to Tom. + +"There's just thirty-one grasshoppers in that can," said he. "I threw in +one for good measure. Now go ahead and fish, and I'll have a nap." So +saying, he stretched himself on the ground, and the other boys began to +fish. + +[Illustration: AN UNEXPECTED CATCH.--DRAWN BY A. B. FROST.] + +There were quantities of perch near the old canal-boat, and they bit +ravenously at the grasshoppers. It took only about a quarter of an hour +to catch nearly three dozen fish. These were more than the boys could +possibly eat; and Tom was just going to remark that they had better stop +fishing, when they were startled by a loud cry from Joe. Harry, in +swinging his line over his head so as to cast out a long way into the +river, had succeeded in hooking Joe in the right ear. + +Of course Harry was extremely sorry, and he said so several times; but, +as Joe pointed out, "talk won't pull a hook out of a fellow's ear." The +barb made it impracticable to draw the hook out, and it was quite +impossible that Joe should enjoy the cruise with a fish-hook in his ear. +Jim said that the hook must be cut out; but Joe objected to having his +ear cut to pieces with a dull jack-knife. + +In this emergency, Tom proposed to break off the shank of the hook, and +then to push the remainder of it through the ear. It was no easy matter, +however, to break the steel. Every time the hook was touched Joe winced +with pain; but finally Tom managed to break the shank with the aid of +the pair of pliers that formed part of the stores. The hook was then +gently and firmly pressed through the ear, and carefully drawn out. + +"I knew," said Tom, "that something must be wrong when Joe said he +didn't want to fish. This ought to be a warning to him." + +"It's a warning to me," said Harry, "not to throw my line all over the +State of New York." + +"Oh, it's all right now," said Joe. "Only the next time I go cruising +with Harry, I'm going to take a pair of cutting pincers to cut off the +shanks of fish-hooks after he gets through fishing. We'd better get a +pair at Hudson, anyhow, or else we'll all be stuck full of hooks, if +Harry does any more fishing." + +Harry was so humbled by the result of his carelessness that he offered, +by way of penance, to clean and cook the fish. When this was done, and +the fish were served up smoking hot, they were so good that Joe forgot +his damaged ear, and Harry recovered his spirits. After a course of fish +and bread, a can of peaches was opened for dessert, and then followed a +good long rest. By three o'clock the heat began to lessen, and the +_Whitewing_ started on her way with a better breeze than she had yet +been favored with. + +The boat travelled swiftly, and the breeze gradually freshened. The +whitecaps were beginning to make their appearance on the river before it +occurred to the boys that they must cross over to the east shore, in +order to camp where they could find shade while getting breakfast the +next morning. It had been one of Uncle John's most earnest bits of +advice that they should always have shade in the morning. "Nothing +spoils the temper," he had said, "like cooking under a bright sun; so +make sure that you keep in the shade until after breakfast." Harry felt +a little nervous about crossing the river in so fresh a breeze, since, +as the breeze blew from the south, the boat could not sail directly +across the river without bringing the sea on her beam. He did not +mention that he was nervous, however, and he showed excellent judgment +in crossing the river diagonally, so as to avoid exposing the broadside +of the boat to the waves, that by this time were unpleasantly high. The +east bank was thus reached without taking a drop of water into the boat, +and she was then kept on her course up the river, within a few rods of +the shore. + +This was a wise precaution in one respect; for if the boat had capsized, +the boys could easily have swum ashore; but still it is always risky to +keep close to the shore, unless you know that there are no rocks or +snags in the way. Harry never thought of the danger of being shipwrecked +with the shore so close at hand, and was enjoying the cooling breeze and +the speed of the boat, when suddenly the _Whitewing_ brought up with a +crash that pitched everybody into the bottom of the boat. She had struck +a sunken rock, and the speed at which she was going was so great that +one of her planks was stove in. Before the boys could pick themselves +up, the water had rushed in, and was rising rapidly. + +"Jump overboard everybody!" cried Harry. "She won't float with us in +her." + +There was no time in which to pull off shirts and trousers, and the boys +plunged overboard without even taking their hats off. They then took +hold of the boat, two on each side of her, and swam toward the shore. +With so much water in her, the boat was tremendously heavy; but the boys +persevered, and finally reached shallow water, where they could wade and +drag her out on the sand. + +"Here we are wet again!" exclaimed Jim. "The blankets are wet too this +time." + +"Never mind," replied Tom; "it's not more than five o'clock, and we can +get them dry before night." + +"We'll have to work pretty fast, then," said Harry. "Jim and Joe had +better build a big fire, and dry the things, while you and I empty the +boat; or I'll empty the boat, and you can pitch the tent. We'll have to +put off supper till we can make sure of a dry bed." + +Harry took the things out of the boat one by one. Everything was wet +except the contents of the tin boxes, into which the water luckily had +not penetrated. As soon as the fire was built, Jim and Joe gave their +whole attention to drying the blankets and the spare clothing; and when +the boat was emptied, it was found that a hole nearly six inches long +and four inches wide had been made through one of the bottom planks. +Harry and Tom set to work to mend it. They took a piece of canvas--which +had luckily been kept in one of the tin boxes, and was quite dry--and +tacked it neatly over the outside of the hole. + +They next covered the canvas with a thin coating of white lead, except +at the edges, where the white lead was laid on very thickly. Over the +canvas the piece of zinc that had been brought for just such a purpose +was carefully tacked, and then thin strips of wood were placed over the +edges of the tin, and screwed down tightly with screws that went through +the zinc, but not through the canvas. Finally, white lead was put all +around the outer edge of the zinc, and the boat was then left +bottom-side up on the sand, so that the white lead could harden by +exposure to the air. + +Nobody cared to go for milk in wet clothes; and so, when the boat was +mended, the boys all sat around the fire to dry themselves, and made a +supper of crackers. What with the heat and the wind, it was not very +long before their clothes and blankets were thoroughly dried, and they +could look forward to a comfortable night. The tent was pitched where no +steamboat swell could possibly touch it, and the boat was apparently out +of reach of the tide. It was very early when the boys "turned in," and +for the first time in the cruise they slept peacefully all night. + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + + + +THE MANGOSTEEN. + +FROM ADVANCE SHEETS OF "THE BOY TRAVELLERS IN THE FAR EAST." PART +SECOND. BY THOMAS W. KNOX. + + +During their stay upon the island of Java, Dr. Bronson and his young +travelling companions took a trip on a railway from Batavia to +Buitenzorg, in order that they might learn something of the interior of +the island. While on this trip the boys observed, among other things, +that the trees in some instances grew quite close to the track. Doctor +Bronson explained to them that in the tropics it was no small matter to +keep a railway line clear of trees and vines, and sometimes the vines +would grow over the track in a single night. It was necessary to keep +men at work along the track to cut away the vegetation where it +threatened to interfere with the trains, and in the rainy season the +force of men was sometimes doubled. "There is one good effect," said he, +"of this luxuriant growth. The roots of the vines and trees become +interlaced in the embankment on which the road is built, and prevent its +being washed away by heavy rains. So you see there is, after all, a +saving in keeping the railway in repair." + +At several of the stations the natives offered fruit of different kinds, +and nearly all new to our young friends. They had been told that they +would probably find the mangosteen for sale along the road; they had +inquired for it in Singapore, but it was not in season there, and now +their thoughts were bent upon discovering it between Batavia and +Buitenzorg. Two or three times they were disappointed when they asked +for it; but finally, at one of the stations, when Fred pronounced the +word "mangosteen," a native held up a bunch of fruit, and nodded. The +Doctor looked at the bunch, and nodded likewise, and Fred speedily paid +for the prize. + +Perhaps we had best let Fred tell the story of the mangosteen, which he +did in his first letter from Buitenzorg: + +"We have found the prince of fruits, and its name is mangosteen. It is +about the size of a pippin apple, and of a purple color--a very dark +purple, too. The husk, or rind, is about half an inch thick, and +contains a bitter juice, which is used in the preparation of dye; it +stains the fingers like aniline ink, and is not easy to wash off. Nature +has wisely provided this protection for the fruit; if it had no more +covering than the ordinary skin of an apple, the birds would eat it all +up as soon as it was ripe. If I were a bird, and had a bill that would +open the mangosteen, I would eat nothing else as long as I could get at +it. + +"You cut this husk with a sharp knife right across the centre, and then +you open it in two parts. Out comes a lump of pulp as white as snow, and +about the size of a small peach. It is divided into sections, like the +interior of an orange, and there is a sort of star on the outside that +tells you, before you cut the husk, exactly how many of these sections +there are. Having got at the pulp, you proceed to take the lump into +your mouth, and eat it; and you will be too busy for the next quarter of +a minute to say anything. + +"Hip! hip! hurrah! It melts away in your mouth like an overripe peach or +strawberry; it has a taste that is slightly acid--very slightly, +too--but you can no more describe all the flavor of it than you can +describe how a canary sings, or a violet smells. There is no other fruit +I ever tasted that begins to compare with it, though I hesitate to admit +that there is anything to surpass our American strawberry in its +perfection, or the American peach. If you could get all the flavors of +our best fruits in one, and then give that one the 'meltingness' of the +mangosteen, perhaps you might equal it; but till you can do so, there is +no use denying that the tropics have the prince of fruits. + +"Everybody tells us we can eat all the mangosteens we wish to, without +the slightest fear of ill results. Perhaps one might get weary of them +in time, but at present we are unable to find enough of them. If +anything would reconcile me to a permanent residence in the tropics, it +would be the hope of always having plenty of mangosteens at my command. + +"You may think," Fred added, "that I have taken a good deal of space for +describing this fruit, but I assure you I have not occupied half what it +deserves. And if you were here, you would agree with me, and be willing +to give it all the space at your command--in and beyond your mouth. But +be careful and have it fully ripe: green mangosteens are apt to produce +colic, as Frank can tell you of his own knowledge." + + + + +ROBINSON CRUSOE'S ISLAND. + + +The island of Juan Fernandez has always been said to be the island on +which Robinson Crusoe was cast away. Nothing can be further from the +truth. Crusoe never saw Juan Fernandez, and, so far as we know, never +once so much as thought of casting himself away there. + +No man has ever charged Robinson Crusoe with not telling the truth. He +may have had his faults--and he certainly did show very little judgment +when he built his first boat so far from the shore that he could not +possibly launch it--but he always told the truth. We ought therefore to +believe what he says about the situation of his island. He informs me +that, having sailed from Brazil on a voyage to the coast of Guinea, he +was driven northward by stormy weather, and was finally wrecked +somewhere between the mouth of the river Orinoco and the Caribbean or +West India islands. Now the island of Juan Fernandez is in the Pacific +Ocean, about three hundred and sixty miles southwest of Valparaiso. To +suppose that Crusoe was wrecked on Juan Fernandez, while on his way from +Brazil to Guinea, is like saying that a ship on her way from New York to +Liverpool was wrecked on one of the Sandwich Islands. Such a story would +be perfectly absurd. However, when we have Crusoe's word that he was +cast away near the mouth of the Orinoco, there is an end of the matter. +He probably could not have told a lie if he had tried to. + +In the year 1704 an English vessel called the _Cinque Ports_ came to +Juan Fernandez. One of her officers, Alexander Selkirk by name, had +quarrelled with the Captain, and he said he would much rather stay on +this island than sail any longer on board the _Cinque Ports_. The +Captain was glad to get rid of him, and therefore sailed away, and left +him behind. What Selkirk and the Captain had quarrelled about has never +been certainly known, but when we reflect that Selkirk was a Scotchman, +we can understand that very likely he was unwilling to practice piracy +on Sunday, while the captain insisted that any day was a fit day on +which to rob a Spanish ship. This would have led to a quarrel, and very +possibly was the precise cause of the quarrel which resulted in Selkirk +leaving the ship at Juan Fernandez. It is true that the _Cinque Ports_ +was called a buccaneer, instead of a pirate, but no man can see the +difference between buccaneering and piracy without the help of a +large-sized compound microscope. + +Selkirk remained all alone on the island for four years and four months, +when another English vessel took him off. When he reached home, he wrote +an account of his adventures, and very stupid people have since claimed +that Daniel Defoe, the author of the story of Crusoe's adventures, had +read Selkirk's book, and that it suggested to him the idea of inventing +Robinson Crusoe. To suppose that so great a man as Defoe could not write +a book without stealing his ideas from Alexander Selkirk is ridiculous. +Selkirk and Crusoe were as unlike as two men could well be. The only +resemblance between them was that both had lived alone on unfrequented +islands, as many other unfortunate men have done before and since. + +We thus see how it came to pass that people have mixed up Selkirk's +island with Crusoe's island, and have finally convinced themselves that +Crusoe was wrecked on Juan Fernandez. Selkirk's island is firmly +believed by nearly everybody to have been Crusoe's island, though we +might just as well call it Smith's or Jones's island. + +It must be admitted that Juan Fernandez is a beautiful island, with +every convenience that Crusoe could have wished for, except cannibals. +Selkirk, however, could do nothing with it. He did contrive to catch +goats by running after them until they were tired out, but he never +thought of taming them--fattening them on tomato cans--as Crusoe did. Of +course he never had a Man Friday, and he never built himself a canoe, or +periagua. In fact, he did very little that was creditable to him, and +there is only too much reason to believe that if he had seen a foot-step +on the sand, he would not have known that it was his duty to be terribly +frightened. + +[Illustration] + +Juan Fernandez is about sixteen miles long and five and a half miles +wide. The shore, especially on the northern side, is steep and rocky. +The interior is very picturesque, and contains several beautiful valleys +separated by high ridges. On the north side of the island is a very +steep mountain of lava, which is eight thousand feet high, the top of +which is said to be inaccessible. Part way up this mountain is the place +where Selkirk used to watch for passing vessels. In one of the valleys +there is a cave where Selkirk lived. It is thirty feet in length and +about twenty feet in breadth, with a ceiling of nearly twenty feet in +height. While it is a fair substantial cave, it can not be compared for +a moment with the cave which Crusoe had on his own island, and which he +enlarged with so much perseverance. + +[Illustration] + +The island belongs to Chili, and more than a hundred years ago the +Chilian government sent convicts to Juan Fernandez as a punishment. A +fort was built, which has now crumbled away, and cells were dug in the +solid rock on the side of a hill, and the convicts were locked up in +them every night. The convicts, not liking their treatment, rebelled, +killed their guards, and seizing on a vessel that had visited the +island, escaped to Peru. Since then Juan Fernandez, or Mas-a-tierra, as +the Chilians call it, has been inhabited by a few Chilian farmers, who +raise, with very little labor, food enough to live on. They also catch +fish, which they send to the mainland, and at certain seasons of the +year they kill large quantities of seals, which frequent a little rocky +island half a mile from Juan Fernandez. At the present time the island +is governed by a Mr. Rhode, who rents it from the Chilian government, +and proposes to raise quantities of cattle. + + +In 1868 the British man-of-war _Topaz_ touched at Juan Fernandez, and +her officers erected an iron tablet in honor of Selkirk. It bears the +following inscription: + + In memory of Alexander Selkirk, + Mariner, + a native of Largo, in the County of Fife, Scotland, + who lived on this island in complete solitude for four years and four + months. + He was landed from the _Cinque Ports_ galley, 96 tons, 16 guns, A.D. + 1704, and was taken off in the _Duke_ privateer, 12th February, 1709. + He died Lieutenant of H. M. S. _Weymouth_, A.D. 1722, aged 47 years. + This tablet is erected near Selkirk's Look-out by Commodore + Powell and the officers of H. M. S. _Topaz_, A.D. 1868. + +As there is excellent water at Juan Fernandez, vessels occasionally +touch there to fill their casks, but it has no regular communication +with the rest of the world. + +Of course Juan Fernandez will always continue to be called Robinson +Crusoe's island, though it is certain that Crusoe was never within +three or four thousand miles of it. As for the unbelieving people who +pretend that Robinson Crusoe never lived, nobody should listen to them +for a moment. There never was anybody more thoroughly real than Robinson +Crusoe. Selkirk was not half so real; and in comparison with the +shipwrecked mariner of Hull, Julius Cæsar was grossly improbable. +Crusoe's island undoubtedly exists somewhere "near the mouth of the +great river Orinoco." + + + + +PHILEMON'S CIRCUS. + +BY MARY DENSEL. + + +"--together with fifes and drums. The gigantic procession, headed by the +stupendous gilded chariot, will move through the town at seven o'clock +A.M. precisely,'" ended Tom Tadgers, quoting from the handbills. + +"Through _this_ town?" asked Philemon, much excited. + +Tom Tadgers gave him a withering glance. + +"Do you suppose that N. Ticeum and B. Phoolum's 'Great Moral Show,' with +'six tigers, five elephants, a giraffe, hippopot_a_mus, kangaroo, +in-nu-mer-a-ble monkeys, wild men of Borneo, living skeleton, educated +bull, and a ship of the desert,' would come to a mean little village +like this? Skowhegan's the town it's going to move through, and it will +pass Tucker's Corner at five o'clock to-morrow morning. So Silas Elder +says to me, 'You get into the back of my milk cart, Tadgers'" (Tommy +felt deeply the dignity of being "Tadgers"), "'and I'll give you a lift +as far as the Corner, Tadgers. Then you can follow the procession, and +go to the show at Skowhegan, Tadgers,' says he. Now, Philemon, how would +you like to come along too?" + +"And Romeo Augustus with me?" questioned Philemon, eagerly. + +Tadgers shook his head. + +"Come by yourself, or not at all," said he, firmly. "What's more, you +must be on hand by four o'clock to-morrow morning." + +How could Philemon wake at that early hour? It was his wont not only to +"sleep like a top all night," but also to "sleep at morn." + +Tom, however, agreed to manage that. So when Philemon went to bed at +night, it was with one end of a piece of stout twine tied to his ankle, +while the other end hung out at the open window. + +Neither Elias, John, nor Romeo Augustus, who shared his chamber, spied +the cord. Philemon waited till they were sound asleep before he arranged +it. + +The sun had not begun to show his face above the horizon when there came +a brisk twitch on the twine. Philemon was broad awake in a twinkling, +and rolled out of bed to dance a one-footed ballet, by reason of a +series of jerks given to the cord by the sprightly Thomas below. It was +only after Philemon had knocked over two chairs and a cricket that he +managed to hop wildly to the window, and to call out in a hoarse +whisper, "You'll wake the whole house if you don't quit," that Tom +condescended to desist; and a few minutes later the two comrades were +climbing into the back of Silas Elder's cart, all ready to start for +"The Great Moral Show." + +The cart was not spacious, and its springs were few and far between, as +Philemon's bones bore witness. He began, all at once, to wonder if it +might not have been _polite_ to have mentioned to his parents that he +intended to be absent the greater part of the day. + +He recollected, with a pang, that it was his mother's custom to be +anxious when one of her six precious boys was long out of her sight. + +Suddenly, "Look there! there! there!" shouted Tom Tadgers. + +Sure enough; there--there--there, in the distance, was a caravan moving +slowly toward Tucker's Corner. It must be--it is N. Ticeum and B. +Phoolum's show. + +Nearer and nearer it came. Tom and Philemon jumped out of the cart, that +they might be ready to join the "gigantic procession." + +And now they were in its midst. To be sure, the glories of "the +stupendous gilded chariot" were shrouded by brown canvas; the monkeys, +tigers, and the hippopotamus were shut up in their cages; neither were +the giraffe and kangaroo visible as yet. But here were the elephants +marching majestically along; here was the educated bull, with a ring +through his nose; and so near that Philemon could have touched him was +the living skeleton in all his enchanting leanness. + +Philemon actually danced up and down in ecstasy. The man who seemed to +have charge of affairs caught sight of his beaming face, and broke into +a good-natured laugh. + +"Hallo, my little chap, would ye like a ride to-day?" said he, and +before Philemon knew what was going to happen, he found himself astride +of the back of a huge gray elephant. + +Was there ever such a morning! It did seem as if the sun fairly outdid +itself, such billows of light did it pour forth. The rollicking breeze +danced round and about the caravan, and would by no means be left +behind. The corn in Farmer Tucker's field waved its silken tassels in a +delighted frenzy. All the golden-rod and asters were alert to see the +sight. + +At last the coverings were taken from the gilded chariot; fifes and +drums struck up a tune. All the Skowhegan boys came flocking out of town +to meet the caravan. Some one put an American flag into Philemon's hand. +What an honor! The lad's heart swelled with pride. He held his head +high. He was actually a part of "The Great Moral Show." + +So absorbed was he in his new dignity that he did not notice that they +were nearing the bridge which stretched across the Kennebec River, just +outside of Skowhegan. Neither did he observe that the elephants were +separating themselves from the rest of the train, until, just as the +gilded chariot passed on the bridge, the animal Philemon rode broke into +a trot--and what a trot!--starting down the river-bank, followed by the +other four elephants. Philemon clung with both his hands. + +Into the stream plunged the beasts, wading clumsily along until the +water was breast-high, when they began to swim. Philemon stuck like a +little burr to the gray back. + +At last the elephants gained a foot-hold once more. But they were by no +means ready to give up the cool water. They snorted; they tramped; they +plunged; they sucked the water into their trunks, and poured it out +again in great streams. Never had Philemon had such a shower-bath. One +of the elephants lay down and rolled playfully over and over. Philemon +was frightened nearly out of his wits: suppose his elephant should do +likewise? Instead of that, he rose to within a few feet of the bank, +and, having first treated his rider to a few extra bucketfuls of water, +twisted his trunk round one of Philemon's legs. + +There was a jerk, a dizzy whirl through the air, and our friend lay +"high," but by no means "dry," upon the earth. + +The crowd gathered round. He heard Tom Tadgers's voice in a terrified +wail: "He's dead! he's dead!" + +Then some one else spoke: "Bring water." + +That was adding insult to injury. Up as straight as a ramrod sat the +afflicted Philemon. "If anybody dares to put another drop of water on +me, I'll--I'll--I'll go _home_!" gasped he. + +There was a burst of merriment at that tremendous threat, and the young +hero was lifted on some one's shoulder, and borne along in triumph. +Strange to say, he was not even bruised, and he almost forgot his +mishap, when, an hour later, he was permitted to help in spreading tan +around the open space where Madame Lucetta Almazida was to ride the +famous horse Pegasus, and perform her "world-renowned feat" of jumping +through seventeen hoops and a "barrel wrapped in flames." + +That noon Philemon was actually invited to dine with Mons. Duval, the +"incomparable gymnast," and a host of other circus celebrities. + +"You're a plucky little fellow, and fit to feed along o' us," said Mons. +Duval, with a grin. + +Philemon was much pleased by the compliment, which, though perchance not +expressed in the most refined language, showed a kindly appreciation of +his merits. + +He entirely forgot Tom Tadgers, who, not having had the luck to meet +with an accident, was left outside. In fact, Philemon saw Tom no more +that day, and the latter, at the close of the afternoon, met Silas Elder +once more, and rode peacefully home, where he went to bed, quite +omitting to say a word to anybody about Philemon. + +In the mean time that worthy ate his dinner with his new companions. He +wondered vaguely what his mother would say if she knew where he was. + +He might have wondered more had not one of the men poured a yellow +liquid into a cup, and handed it to him. + +"Drink this, my man," said he. + +Then everybody laughed. The liquid was sweet. Philemon liked it. He +drank every drop. Soon he began to feel very bright and merry; and when +a new song was sung he joined lustily in the chorus. He had a clear, +high, ringing voice. + +"Bless us!" exclaimed Mons. Duval. "Tip us a song yourself, boy." + +Not a whit abashed, Philemon began to sing. + +"Ha! ha! ha!" laughed Mons. Duval. "Tim Luker, what used to do our first +tribble, was took sick this morning. What d'ye say, youngster, to being +blacked up, and singing this evening to the circus along o' our minstrel +troupe?" + +That yellow liquid was in Philemon's blood. His eyes sparkled, his +cheeks flamed. + +"Yes, I'll sing," cried he, boisterously, "and I'll go to the ends of +the earth with you." + +After dinner--it was strange--he felt very drowsy. Mons. Duval, for some +reason, was extremely amused, and considered it a great joke. + +"You lay down here and take a nap," he said, and actually took off his +own coat to put over Philemon. The boy slept all that afternoon; indeed, +he never opened his eyes till it was nearly time for the evening's +entertainment to begin. + +The big dingy tent where the performance was to come off was lighted. +Philemon followed Mons. Duval into the small tent behind the large one, +where those who were to take part awaited their several turns. + +He stood meekly silent, while his face, hands, and neck were daubed with +some sticky black stuff; and then, as bidden, he arrayed himself in some +extraordinary baggy yellow clothes, and a big paper collar. + +He caught sight of himself in a bit of glass. He looked like a little +black imp. What would his mother say to see him? A feeling of intense +shame surged over him. He crouched down in a corner, wishing he could +hide himself from the eyes of all men. + +Philemon looked around him, and there, close by, was a boy about his own +age, with large brown eyes and white cheeks. He was dressed in +flesh-colored tights. + +"Who are you?" asked Philemon, as the boy stared and half smiled. + +"I'm the 'Phenomenal Trapezist,'" announced the lad, solemnly. + +"What do you do?" + +"Oh, I go up on the trapeze, at the tiptop of the tent, and my father +and uncle--they're the crack gymnasts, you know--they toss me about as +if I was a ball. By-and-by I'm going to learn to hang by my toes, and +take a flying leap, sixty foot, to the slack-rope near the ground." + +"Aren't you frightened?" exclaimed Philemon. + +"Ye--" began the boy, and then quickly changed his tone, as a man clad +in scarlet and gilt came near. "No, I ain't scared. I like it." + +"Of course he ain't scared," said the man, roughly. "Come, Bill, it's +time for you and me to show ourselves." + +They were joined by Bill's uncle, and the three passed into the outer +tent. Philemon put his eye against a hole in the canvas to watch them. + +Like monkeys the two men and the child swung themselves aloft, and +reached the tent roof. Here they twisted, they turned, they made fearful +leaps from one trapeze to another, until Philemon trembled to see them. +At last both men hung by their knees, head downward, and Bill crept +carefully to the end of a long rope, gave a spring, and caught his +father's hands. There was an awful pause; then small Bill was sent +spinning through the air, sixty-five feet from the ground, to be caught +by his uncle, tossed back to his father, now seized by an arm, now by a +leg, now almost missed, now twirled round and round like a ball. +Philemon caught his breath, and stretched out his hand in an agony of +fear. His hand touched another, which was as cold as ice. Glancing up, +he found Madame Lucetta Almazida close by, her eye glued to another hole +in the canvas, her breath coming short and thick, her face livid and +drawn. Not knowing what she did, she clutched Philemon's hand, and he +heard her mutter, + +"My baby! my baby!" + +"Bill" was her own "Phenomenal Trapezist," and under Madame Lucetta +Almazida's shabby bodice a mother's heart beat wildly. + +Philemon's heart beat too. What if he had been a "Bill," and his own +sweet mother had worn short skirts and ridden Pegasus? Horrible! + +Poor Lucetta Almazida! Poor little Bill! + +But there was time to think of them no more. The band of negro minstrels +was ready to sing. A clown seized Philemon's hand, and hurried him into +the ring. There was a shout from the spectators. Some one gave him a +nudge. + +"Pipe up, boy. We're ready for 'Massa's in the cold, cold ground.'" + +Philemon opened his mouth, but no sound came. The eyes on every side +burned into him. His one desire was to rush away from those blackened +men, from the choking odor of tan and kerosene, from the disgrace of +standing there, like a little black fiend, to be hooted at and expected +to make fun for the crowd. His brain reeled. With a cry he broke from a +detaining hand, and ran headlong across the arena, his yellow coat tails +flapping about his heels. + +Through the back tent he sped, past Madame Lucetta Almazida, who was +holding the "Phenomenal Trapezist" in her arms, past Mons. Duval, out +into the night. Home--home--home--that was the place toward which, if he +had had wings, he would have flown. Being neither an angel nor even a +bird, only a little wretched boy, all he could do was to stumble along +the dark road. Eight miles away was his home. On and on he went, and at +last his weary feet began to flag. + +It seemed as if the chirping crickets were hissing at him. The frogs in +the ponds croaked disapprovingly. Even the stars winked reproachfully. + +He was growing exhausted. He sank down by a fence, and his eyelids +closed heavily. + +The sun was high when he awoke, and then a colder, hungrier boy you +never saw. Six miles from home was he. There was nothing for it but to +plod along, for there were no houses on that road. One mile, two miles, +he walked. He picked some apples by the road-side, but they were sour +and hard. Sometimes he tried to run, but had to give that up. + +At five o'clock that afternoon the cook at a certain farm-house was +frying doughnuts in the back kitchen. She was looking very sober, and +near her sat a very sober boy, who every now and then drew his hand +across his eyes. At last he spoke. + +"Cerinthy," said he, "do you cal'late they'll ever find him?" + +Cerinthy put another doughnut into the expostulating fat. "Romeo +Augustus," said she, "it's my opinion that maybe they may and maybe they +mayn't; an' like as not if they do, it'll only be his body, and-- Oh!" + +Cerinthy gave a great scream, and dropped her panful of doughnuts on the +floor, for on the threshold of the "pump-room" stood a boy as black as +the ace of spades, clad in startling yellow clothes, his neck ornamented +with a huge paper collar. + +This image opened his mouth and spake. "Where's my mother? Give me a +doughnut." + +Cerinthy shrieked louder than ever. An opposite door opened, and out +rushed a lady whose eyes were swollen with crying. + +"Mother!" called out the black boy, as he flew into her open arms. + +"Philemon! mother's own little boy!" she sobbed; while Romeo Augustus +performed a war-dance about the two. + +I think Philemon's father was so relieved when he beheld his fifth-born, +that he would have _whipped_ him soundly. But his mother would by no +means allow that. She gave him preserved peach and cream toast instead. + +"For you'll never do such a thing again, will you?" demanded she, +tenderly. + +Philemon gazed lovingly at her, with a mouth full of toast. "_Catch +me_," said he. + + + + +[Illustration] + +JAPANESE CHILDREN. + + +Here we have a genuine picture of Japanese _kodoma_. They are in +every-day dress, with hair and shoes just as one sees them in their own +village. There is the baby carried pickapack, and laid on the back of +its sister like a slice of meat on a sandwich. Baby's head is shaved as +smooth as one's palm, and kept so until it is two years old. Then the +next style--a little fringe of hair above the ears and one near the +neck--will be proper. The next step will be a tiny top-knot and a +circle, in addition to the ear-locks. + +All these children live on boiled rice, and they are as round and chubby +and rosy-cheeked as it is possible to be without bursting. See their +nice loose clothes, with neither a pin to stick nor a button to fly off! +They do not wear socks nor stockings, for it is not very cold in Japan. +One little tot has on a pair of straw sandals, and the girl and old man +wear clogs, held on by a strap passing between the "thumb of the foot," +as the Japs call the big toe, and its next-door neighbor. + +It would do American boys good, and set them a good example, to notice +how kind to animals Japanese children are. There is old daddy telling +his children to treat their pet kindly, and doggy knows it will be good +for him to have such playmates. See his little straw kennel made like a +tent, with a crock of water in it. I'll wager that the children will +feed the little _inu_ with tidbits from their own chopsticks. + + + + +A SEA-SIDE ADVENTURE. + +AS RELATED IN A LETTER PROM BESSIE MAYNARD TO HER DOLL CLYTEMNESTRA, +WHOM SHE LEFT AT HOME. + + + OLD ORCHARD BEACH, _July, 1880_. + +MY DEAREST CLYTEMNESTRA,--Do you miss me? and are you wondering why I do +not write? Well, my dear, writing is an impossibility when one is at the +sea-shore. You never knew such times as we are having all day long. I +must tell you, first of all, of an adventure that befell me +yesterday--not _me_ exactly, either; it _most_ befell Lucille, the +beautiful Paris doll that Fanny Bell was so proud of; and well she might +be, for a handsomer creature never walked. You remember her, of course; +the lovely Mademoiselle Lucille, as she was called, that being the +French for Miss, for it would never do to call her plain Lucille, such a +fine young lady as she was, just from France, with all the airs and +graces that belong to Paris, the politest city in the world. It's no +great wonder she was proud--Lucille, I mean--for I'm afraid most of us +would be if we looked like her. Such hair as she had, all natural curls +down below her waist; and such a _nelegant_ wardrobe, or "trooso," as +Fanny calls it. Perhaps I haven't spelled trooso right, but please +excuse it; indeed, _you_ wouldn't know whether it was right or wrong, +you are such a poor little ignorant thing. I'm ashamed of myself for +neglecting your education as I have done, when I see the dolls here, and +realize how much they know. Just as soon as I get home, we'll begin with +regular lessons every day. It isn't _your_ fault, you sweet lamb, that +you don't know anything. _I_ am the only one to blame, and I'll try to +make up for lost time when I come home. + +But, dear me, how I do run on, without telling you a word of the +adventure. The "sad sea waves" put all sorts of ideas into my mind, and +I get terribly confused. I heard a lady sing last night about the "sad +sea waves," and I think it sounds prettier than "the ocean"--don't you? +Well, to begin at the beginning: Yesterday morning Fanny Bell, Dora +Mason, and I went down to the beach as usual, Mademoiselle Lucille +walking along by her mamma, just like a real live beautiful child. We +scooped holes in the warm sand, and made caves, and then we built the +Pyramids. _They_ are in Egypt, you know, curiosities that people go to +see; but we make them of sand, so they look just exactly like the +pictures, "Sfinks" and all. Perhaps you don't know what the "Sfinks" is, +but I will tell you some day, when I begin your education, my poor +Clytemnestra. + +Well, at last we wanted to go round the point to pick some wild +morning-glories, so we sat Lucille up on a kind of throne behind the +Pyramids, and left her. We were only gone a little bit of a while, but +what do you think? when we came back the tide was in, and the sad sea +waves had washed away Pyramids, Sfinks, Lucille, and all! Oh, the +despair we were in! Poor Fanny jumped right up and down, and screeched, +and then sinking down upon the sand, as the story-books say, "she buried +her face in her hands, and wept as if her heart would break." All at +once I saw something bobbing around, and if there wasn't Lucille about +four feet from the shore, fastened to a rock by the flounce of her pink +satin dress! Fanny shrieked aloud, but Dora and I seized a pole, and +after working a long, long time, we managed to fish her out of the +water. Here is a picture that I have drawn to show you how we looked in +our awful excitement. + +[Illustration] + +Lucille is frightfully pale to-day, and her curls are gone forever. She +is a bald-headed "faded beauty," as a gentleman truly said when he saw +her this morning. When I look at her, and remember how fine she used to +think herself, I can't help saying, "Well, my dear, 'pride must have a +fall.'" I pity her, though, from the very bottom of my heart, for it +must be dreadful to be so changed, and all of a sudden, too. I guess we +sha'n't have to be so particular any more about calling her +"Mademoiselle." + +I can not be thankful enough that I left you at home, my sweet Clytie. +The sea-shore is a lovely place for children who know how to take care +of themselves, but 'tis dreadful dangerous for _dolls_. + +And now good-night, my pet. + + Your loving mamma, + BESSIE MAYNARD. + +P.S.--Dora has just come in to say that Fanny has changed Mademoiselle's +name, and hereafter she is to be called "Jane." Poor thing! + + + + +[Illustration: A BABE IN THE WOODS--"I 'ANT TO DO HOME!"] + + + + +[Illustration: OUR POST-OFFICE BOX.] + + + SYRACUSE, NEBRASKA. + + We have taken YOUNG PEOPLE ever since it was published, and we + like it very much. I think "The History of Photogen and Nycteris" + was the best story of all, but sister Addie likes "Across the + Ocean" best, because it teaches her geography. + + I have no brother, but three sisters. Addie is thirteen, Mabel is + nine, and Sadie is five. I was eleven yesterday. + + I live on a farm in Eastern Nebraska, and I take care of the + little chickens and turkeys for mamma. I like to do it, for they + are so cunning. + + I think that the Tree Album would be nice, and I am going to make + one. There are a great many trees here. And we have many birds and + pretty birds' eggs. I would like to preserve some eggs, only I + don't know how. I would be glad if some correspondent would tell + me the best way. + + I have no pets but cats and kittens, and there are so many of + those that mamma votes them a nuisance. + + GEORGINE D. + + * * * * * + + POULTNEY, VERMONT. + + I am ten years old, and my uncle Charlie takes YOUNG PEOPLE for my + sister Daisy and me. + + I have a pretty kitty named Dusty, Carlo, a big dog, and Petite, a + canary. + + We are going to camp out at the Lake in July. Last summer we had a + tent, but we are going to have a cottage this year. + + H. M. C. + + * * * * * + + ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. + + I am seven years old. I am living with my grandma in the country. + I have thirteen children. They all eat at one table. Minnie, + Flora, Daisy, Tally, Mamie, Allie, Lulu, Jennie, Lillie, Annie, + Pinkey-Ketto, Harry, and Johnny. My papa likes Daisy best, but I + like Minnie. + + I have a pet cat named Chubby, a chicken named Drabee, and a hen + named Coachee. Uncle has a horse named Dolly, that eats sugar out + of my hand, and always when she goes by the window she looks up + for a lump of sugar. + + I made a little pie a few days ago, which was said to be very + good. + + My papa reads me the stories and letters in YOUNG PEOPLE, and I + thought I ought to write a letter too. + + GRACIE. + + * * * * * + + STANBRIDGE, CANADA. + + I am seven years old, and I have a sister twelve years old. + HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE was a Christmas present from our grandpa. I + read all the letters in the Post-office Box every week, and I like + them the best. + + I have a pet dog I call Nestor. He is a spaniel. And I have a + bantam hen which has five little chickens. I have also two dear + little kittens that I found in the wood-shed. + + I am going to school this summer, and I like my studies very much. + On my way from school to-day I stopped and picked some + strawberries. They are just getting ripe. + + JANET M. G. + + * * * * * + + TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. + + I am a little girl six years old, and I am going to write and + spell this letter all myself. I have three brothers, but no + sister. The youngest is a baby one year old. We have a puppy named + Nip, and he is full of fun. The other day Lewis was pulling me in + our express wagon, and Nip ran after us as if the cart was a + carriage and he a grown-up dog. + + We are going to the sea-shore this summer, where we expect to have + a nice time playing in the sand. + + FANNY S. S. + + * * * * * + + CANTON, ILLINOIS. + + I tried Bessie L. S.'s recipe for doll's cup-cake, and I thought + it was very nice. I have a little brother and a little sister + younger than myself. I am eleven. I am always glad when papa + brings me home my YOUNG PEOPLE. I think it is a very nice paper. + + MAGGIE M. + + * * * * * + + FRANKLIN, OHIO. + + My papa made me a Christmas present of YOUNG PEOPLE, and I like it + so much. + + I have three pets. One is a little black dog named Aristotle. We + call him Tot for short. I have a little kitty named Malty, and an + old cat named Tabby. They play very pretty together. I have two + nice dolls. One is very handsome. My papa brought her from Paris, + and I called her Rosa Bell. The other one's name is Stella. + + I live on a hill, and we have beautiful views of the sunset. + + ETTA D. + + * * * * * + + CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS. + + I am making a collection of birds' eggs. My brother sent some eggs + to Alice Paine. I hope she will receive them safely. + + We have two cats; one of them is fifteen years old; he is a pure + Maltese, with the exception of a few white hairs under his chin. + We have a little gray squirrel too, and he is so tame that when my + brother opens the door of his cage he will jump out and run all + over him. + + I should like to know if English sparrows build in trees as robins + do. + + DAISY R. + +English sparrows build in little houses, if kind hands provide them, +otherwise they seek out any cozy corner wherever there is a shelf upon +which to lodge their nest. They never build in trees. You will find an +article about them in YOUNG PEOPLE No. 14. + + * * * * * + + SEDALIA, MISSOURI. + + I wish to tell Rebecca H. that I tried her recipe for candy, and + found it just splendid. I will send Puss Hunter's club a recipe + for butter-scotch, and I hope Rebecca H. will also try it, and + like it as well as I did hers. I wish she would let me know if she + thinks it is good. Here is the recipe: Three table-spoonfuls of + molasses, two of sugar, two of water, one of butter; add a pinch + of soda before pouring out to cool. + + KITTIE G. + + * * * * * + + BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. + + Here is a recipe for apple-cake for Puss Hunter. Take one pint + bowl of apples, pare, core, and chop them; then add three cups of + cold water, one cup of sugar, one table-spoonful of butter. Bake + about twenty minutes in a quick oven. + + L. GRACE P. + +Is this mixture intended as a filling for pie-crust, or as apple jam? In +writing out recipes, our young housekeepers must be very careful to omit +nothing, and to explain all details, as a slight error may ruin a +delicious dish. + + * * * * * + + HARTFORD, OHIO. + + I like HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE so much that I wish it would come + every day. + + Here is a recipe for Puss Hunter. I call it maple candy. One and a + half cups of maple syrup, and one-fourth of a cup of vinegar. When + I think it is done, I pour it into a buttered dish to cool. Then I + pull it till it becomes white. I tried R. C. W.'s recipe for + candy, and I think it is very nice. I would like to be a member of + the cooking club. + + We have two pet bird dogs, two robins, and a canary, and I have + about seventy-five little chickens. + + MAUD K. + + * * * * * + + SEDALIA, MISSOURI. + + I have taken YOUNG PEOPLE from the first number, and I like it + very much. + + I have a mocking-bird that is only five weeks old, and I have to + feed it. + + Here is a recipe for ginger cookies for the cooking club: One cup + of lard; one cup New Orleans molasses; one cup New Orleans sugar; + two eggs; two-thirds of a cup of boiling-hot water poured over a + heaping tea-spoonful of soda, and a little salt. Ginger to taste. + + ABBIE R. + + * * * * * + + PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. + + My sister and I tried Fanny S.'s recipe for caramels. The candy + was very nice. Here is a recipe for Shrewsbury cake for the + cooking club: One cup of butter; three cups of sugar; one and + one-half pints of flour; three eggs; one tea-spoonful of royal + baking powder; one cup of milk; one tea-spoonful of royal extract + of rose. Rub the butter and sugar to a smooth white cream; add the + eggs one at a time, beating five minutes between each; then add + the flour, well sifted, with the powder and the extract. Add the + milk last, and heat until the batter is light and thoroughly + mixed. Bake in well-greased cake moulds about forty minutes in a + quick oven. + + FLORENCE MCC. + + * * * * * + +FRANK F. R. sends a recipe for caramels to the cooking club, which is +the same as the one from Fanny S. in Post-office Box No. 31, with the +addition of three table-spoonfuls of flour. + + * * * * * + + RYE, NEW YORK. + + We have about fifty pigeons, and a whole flock of hens, chickens, + turkeys, and guinea-fowls. I have a flower garden, and some lovely + rose-bushes. I wish some correspondent could tell me how to kill + the rose-bugs, and how to tame my pigeons. I am nine years old. + + ANNA S. + + * * * * * + + We moved up in the country the 1st of April. I like YOUNG PEOPLE + very much, especially the story of "The Moral Pirates," and the + Post-office Box. + + I have a little Shetland pony. I called her Bessy. She is less + than four feet high. She likes to eat corn. + + What can I feed my turtles on? + + I am collecting postage stamps, and would like to exchange. + + MALCOLM STUART, + Rye, Westchester County, New York. + +If you will read former numbers of the Post-office Box, you will find +full directions for feeding turtles. + + * * * * * + + If all the readers of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE like to read it as + well as I do, they like it well enough to take it forever. Nearly + all of the correspondents write about their pets, but I have not + one, except my little baby brother, who is nicer to me than all + the pets in the world. We have a few roses in bloom, but they are + almost all faded now. + + If John H. B., of Greensburg, Kentucky, can spare any of his flint + arrow-heads, I would be very thankful for one or two, because I + never saw but one in my life. I am fourteen years old. + + WINIFRED J. YORK, + Fort Scott, Bourbon County, Kansas. + + * * * * * + + I have been making a collection of birds' eggs for about two + months, and I have forty-seven different kinds. If any one living + in the far West or South would exchange eggs with me, I would be + much pleased. + + WALLACE ROSS, + Lock Box 97, Rutland, Vermont. + + * * * * * + + I am making a collection of birds' eggs, and if any correspondent + will send me some plainly marked, I will send some in return. I am + also collecting postmarks, and if any one is doing the same, I + would be happy to exchange. + + JAMES A. SNEDEKER, + 60 Asylum Street, New Haven, Connecticut. + + * * * * * + + I would like to exchange postage stamps with Sidney St. W. if he + will send me his full name, and a list of what stamps he would + like. I live at No 26 West Nineteenth Street, New York city, but + during the summer my address is, + + JOHN RICE BLAKE, + Old Cliff House, Newport, Rhode Island. + + * * * * * + + I am making a collection of pens. I have seventy-seven different + kinds, and if any little boys or girls have any strange or rare + specimens of pens they do not wish to keep, I wish they would + kindly send them to me. + + R. COMFORT, Franklin Avenue, + near 169th Street, New York City. + + * * * * * + + I think YOUNG PEOPLE is a real nice paper for girls and boys. + Whenever it comes I always read all the letters in the Post-office + Box, and I thought I would write too, and tell you about our pet + colt. It follows papa all round, and once it went after him clear + up in town, and into a store. When it was born its mother died, so + papa has to raise it the best way he can. One time he let it run + round for a little exercise, and when he wanted to put it in the + stable, the colt put its fore-feet on the gate and tried to jump + over, but its hind-foot caught, and it turned a comical somersault + in the air. + + I would like to exchange pressed leaves with any of the + correspondents of Our Post-office Box. + + WILLIE HUGHES, + P. O. Box 301, Greenville, Ohio. + + * * * * * + + ALTOONA, PENNSYLVANIA. + + I am always very glad when my HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE comes. + + I have a little dog named Pompey, and he is a very cunning little + dog. I have had him ever since he was a little puppy. We have + splendid races over the lawn together. Some time I will tell you + more about him. I am nine years old. From your affectionate little + reader, + + BLANCHE T. + + * * * * * + +H. SUTHERLAND.--The engraving of "A Little Miser," in YOUNG PEOPLE No. +33, is after an oil-painting by Adrien Marie, a French artist. + + * * * * * + +I. O.--There is a very good swimming school at the Battery, New York +city. + + * * * * * + + JERSEY CITY HEIGHTS, NEW JERSEY. + + I was interested in the article about the "New York Prison-Ships," + and I think that many of the correspondents who live far away + would be interested to know what has been done in New York in + commemoration of the Old Sugar-house Revolutionary martyrs. Not + long ago I was walking past Trinity Church yard with my father, + when the largest and most beautiful monument attracted my + attention, and I asked papa to take me in the church-yard to see + it. When I got close to it I saw that it was a massive structure + with Gothic openings. It is fully sixty-feet high and twenty feet + square, with fine carvings, and of beautiful workmanship. On one + side is an inscription stating that the monument was erected in + memory of the patriots who suffered as prisoners and died in the + Old Sugar-House. It was paid for by private subscription. If any + correspondents from a distance visit New York, they will be + interested to see this monument in Trinity Church yard, for the + sake of the noble heroes to whose memory it was erected. + + EDDIE A. L. + +Correspondents will also be interested to know that the ashes of the +prison-ship martyrs now rest in a handsome tomb built in the hill-side +of Fort Greene, Brooklyn--a pretty grassy spot, now known as Washington +Park. As these brave men died, they were taken ashore and buried in the +swampy land forming the shore of Wallabout Bay. There they lay until +1808, when they were removed to a vault near the Brooklyn Navy-yard. In +time this vault became very much dilapidated, and was almost forgotten, +until in 1855 the question of removing the remains to a more suitable +resting-place began to be agitated by the citizens of Brooklyn. Nothing, +however, was done for some years, when finally the Legislature of New +York appropriated a sum for the building of the tomb on Fort Greene, to +which place the coffins were removed in the spring of 1873. + + * * * * * + +ISABELLA S. R.--In preparing ferns for skeleton-leaf bouquets it is not +necessary to place them in the macerating bowl before bleaching, as the +texture of the fern is so delicate as to be ruined by maceration. Before +bleaching, the fern should be pressed, and as it becomes dry and +brittle, more care is required in the bleaching process than for +skeleton leaves. Hang your sprays in the jar, and fill gently with warm +water. Then pour in the bleaching solution in the proportion of half a +tea-cupful to a pint of water. Allow the jar, which must be covered +tightly, to stand in a warm place about twenty-four hours. The liquid +should then be renewed. It will take several days for the ferns to begin +to whiten. They must then be watched carefully, and each spray removed +as soon as it attains the required whiteness. The spray must then be +washed carefully in a basin of clean warm water, and floated on to a +sheet of paper, after the manner followed in pressing sea-weeds. It +should then be kept under pressure away from the air until you are ready +to make your bouquet, as otherwise it has a tendency to curl. Do not be +discouraged if you fail in your first attempts, as much experience is +needed to render the bleaching of ferns a success. + + * * * * * + +W. D. V.--In the outer wall of St. Mark's Church, Stuyvesant Street, New +York, is the original tablet from the tomb of Peter Stuyvesant, who was +buried in the family vault within the old church which formerly stood on +the site of the present edifice. On this tablet is inscribed the fact +that Petrus Stuyvesant died in August, 1682, aged eighty years. + + * * * * * + +JASPER B.--The insect called the death-watch is a small beetle that +perforates the small round holes often seen in old furniture or in the +panelling of old houses. If one of these beetles be concealed in a +panel, it will reveal itself by ticking in answer to any gentle tapping +on the wood-work. + + * * * * * + +Favors are acknowledged from F. K. Reasoner, Eva and Ella, Carter +Colquitt, Harry B. McGraw, Johnny R. Glen, Mabel Lowell, Julian Gresham, +Alma Hoffman, Claire B., Mantie Miller, Millie Etta Martin. + + * * * * * + +Correct answers to puzzles are received from Cora Frost, Graham B., +Beryl Abbott, Charles F. Crane, Harry Starr Kealhofer, George W. +Raymond, Marion E. Norcross, Eddie S. Hequembourg, Dora Williams, Albert +E. Seibert, George Volckhausen, Eddie A. Leet. + + * * * * * + +PUZZLES FROM YOUNG CONTRIBUTORS. + +No. 1. + +DECAPITATION. + + My whole is a fish, but if you behead + An exclamation will be left instead. + Behead again, and you will behold + A craft that was famous in days of old. + + A. H. E. + + * * * * * + +No. 2. + +ENIGMA. + + My first is in odor, but not in scent. + My second is in strike, but not in dent. + My third is in man, but not in boy. + My fourth is in modest, but not in coy. + My fifth is in cover, but not in lid. + My sixth is in done, but not in did. + My seventh is in sound, but not in ring. + My whole is a sparkling, beautiful thing. + + C. H. C. + + * * * * * + +No. 3. + +WORD SQUARE. + +First, to rush. Second, a surface. Third, to close. Fourth, a glory. + + W. A. + + * * * * * + +No. 4. + +DIAMOND. + +In crystal. An animal. To delay. To attempt. In crystal. + + H. S. P. + + * * * * * + +No. 5. + +GEOGRAPHICAL DOUBLE ACROSTIC + +An English town celebrated for its naval arsenal. An Italian maritime +city. A Spanish sea-port. A city of Prussia celebrated for its royal +gardens. A volcano in San Salvador. A Scottish sea-port. A South +American republic. Answer--Two seas lying east of Europe. + + C. P. T. + + * * * * * + +No. 6. + +NUMERICAL CHARADE. + + I am composed of 15 letters. + My 4, 13, 9, 5 is contemptible. + My 10, 8, 7 is an animal. + My 15, 3, 14 is to strike. + My 12, 5, 9, 14 is what plumbers do to my 11, 1, 2, 10, 5, 6. + My whole was a distinguished author. + + A. S. W. (10 years). + + * * * * * + +ANSWERS TO PUZZLES IN NO. 34. + +No. 1. + + A + A S P + A S T E R + P E A + R + +No. 2. + +Madison. + +No. 3. + + G R A I N + R O N D O + A N G E R + I D E A S + N O R S E + +No. 4. + +1. Fashionable. 2. Machinator. 3. Eliminated. 4. Inheritance. 5. +Stenography. 6. Faithfulness. + +No. 5. + + W illia M + Y edd O + O nio N + M oun T + I ow A + N apki N + G il A + +Wyoming, Montana. + +No. 6. + +Walter Scott. + +A Latin Word Square, on page 488: + + O M E N + M A R E + E R A M + N E M O + + + + +ADVERTISEMENTS. + + + + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE. + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE will be issued every Tuesday, and may be had at +the following rates--_payable in advance, postage free_: + + SINGLE COPIES $0.04 + ONE SUBSCRIPTION, _one year_ 1.50 + FIVE SUBSCRIPTIONS, _one year_ 7.00 + +Subscriptions may begin with any Number. When no time is specified, it +will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the +Number issued after the receipt of order. + +Remittances should be made by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER or DRAFT, to avoid +risk of loss. + +ADVERTISING. + +The extent and character of the circulation of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE +will render it a first-class medium for advertising. A limited number of +approved advertisements will be inserted on two inside pages at 75 cents +per line. + + Address + HARPER & BROTHERS, + Franklin Square, N. Y. + + + + +FISHING OUTFITS. + +CATALOGUE FREE. + +R. SIMPSON, 132 Nassau Street, N. Y. + + + + +OUR CHILDREN'S SONGS. + + * * * * * + +Our Children's Songs. Illustrated. 8vo, Ornamental Cover, $1.00. + + * * * * * + +Songs for the nursery, songs for childhood, for girlhood, boyhood, +and sacred songs--the whole melody of childhood and youth bound in +one cover. Full of lovely pictures; sweet mother and baby faces; +charming bits of scenery, and the dear old Bible story-telling +pictures.--_Churchman_, N. Y. + + * * * * * + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + +HARPER & BROTHERS will send the above work by mail, postage prepaid, to +any part of the United States, on receipt of the price. + + + + +ELEMENTARY EDUCATION. + +Books for the School and Family. + + * * * * * + +ARITHMETIC. + +FRENCH'S FIRST LESSONS IN NUMBERS. First Lessons in Numbers, in their +Natural Order: First, _Visible Objects_; Second, _Concrete Numbers_; +Third, _Abstract Numbers_. By JOHN H. FRENCH, LL.D. Illustrated. 16mo, +Half Leather, 25 cents. + +FRENCH'S ELEMENTARY ARITHMETIC FOR THE SLATE. Elementary Arithmetic for +the Slate, in which Methods and Rules are based upon Principles +established by Induction. By JOHN H. FRENCH, LL.D. Ill'd. 16mo, Half +Leather, 37 cts. + +FRENCH'S MENTAL ARITHMETIC. Mental Arithmetic, in which Combinations of +Numbers, Solutions of Problems, and Principles of Arithmetical Analysis +are based upon the Laws of Mental Development. By JOHN H. FRENCH, LL.D. +Illustrated. 16mo, Half Leather, 36 cents. + +NATURAL SCIENCE. + +FIRST LESSONS IN NATURAL HISTORY AND LANGUAGE. Entertaining and +Instructive Lessons in Natural History and Language for Primary and +Grammar Schools. 12mo, Cloth, 35 cents. + +THE CHILD'S BOOK OF NATURE. The Child's Book of Nature, for the Use of +Families and Schools: intended to aid Mothers and Teachers in Training +Children in the Observation of Nature. In Three Parts. Part I. Plants. +Part II. Animals. Part III. Air, Water, Heat, Light, &c. By WORTHINGTON +HOOKER, M.D. Illustrated. The Three Parts complete in One Volume, Small +4to, Half Leather, $1.12; or, separately, in Cloth, Part I., 45 cents; +Part II., 48 cents; Part III., 48 cents. + +HOOKER'S FIRST BOOK IN CHEMISTRY. A First Book in Chemistry. By +WORTHINGTON HOOKER, M.D. Ill'd. Revised. Square 4to, Cloth, 48 cts. + +FARADAY'S CHEMISTRY OF A CANDLE. Chemistry of a Candle. A Course of Six +Lectures on the Chemical History of a Candle, to which is added a +Lecture on Platinum. By M. FARADAY. Edited by W. CROOKES. Illustrated. +16mo, Cloth, $1.00. + +FARADAY'S PHYSICAL FORCES. Physical Forces. A Course of Six Lectures on +the Various Forces of Matter, and their Relations to Each Other. By M. +FARADAY. Edited by W. CROOKES. Illustrated. 16mo, Cloth, $1.00. + +FRENCH AND GERMAN. + +FRENCH PRINCIPIA, PART I. A First French Course: containing Grammar, +Delectus, and Exercise-Book, with Vocabularies. On the Plan of Dr. +Smith's _Principia Latina_. 12mo, Cloth, 50 cents. + +FRENCH PRINCIPIA, PART II. A First French Reading-Book. Containing +Fables, Anecdotes, Inventions, Discoveries, Natural History, and French +History. With Grammatical Questions, Notes, and a Copious Etymological +Dictionary. On the Plan of Dr. Smith's _Principia Latina_. 12mo, Cloth, +80 cents. + +GERMAN PRINCIPIA, PART I. A First German Course. Containing Grammar, +Delectus, Exercise-Book, and Vocabularies. On the Plan of Dr. Smith's +_Principia Latina_. 12mo, Cloth, 50 cents. + +GERMAN PRINCIPIA, PART II. A First German Reading-Book. Containing +Fables, Anecdotes, Natural History, German History, and a Comedy. With +Grammatical Questions, Notes, and a Dictionary. On the Plan of Dr. +Smith's _Principia Latina_. 12mo, Cloth, 80 cents. + +COMFORT'S GERMAN PRIMER. A German Primer. By GEORGE F. COMFORT, A.M. +12mo, Half Leather, 50 cents. + +COMFORT'S FIRST BOOK IN GERMAN. A First Book in German. By GEORGE F. +COMFORT, A.M. 12mo, Half Leather, 60 cents. + +COMFORT'S FIRST GERMAN READER. The First German Reader: to succeed the +"First Book in German." By GEORGE F. COMFORT, A.M. 12mo, Cloth, 50 +cents. + +OBJECT LESSONS. + +WILLSON'S MANUAL OF OBJECT LESSONS. A Manual of Information and +Suggestions for Object Lessons, in a Course of Elementary Instruction. +By MARCIUS WILLSON. 12mo, Cloth, $1.00. + +CALKINS'S PRIMARY OBJECT LESSONS. Primary Object Lessons, for Training +the Senses and Developing the Faculties of Children. A Manual of +Elementary Instruction for Parents and Teachers. By N. A. CALKINS. +Fifteenth Edition. Rewritten and Enlarged. 12mo, Cloth, $1.00. + + * * * * * + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + +_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on +receipt of the price._ + + + + +[Illustration] + +OUR LOUIE. + +BY M. D. BRINE. + + + What in the world is our Louie about? + Studying her lessons, I haven't a doubt; + Filling her brain with useful lore, + Thinking and reading o'er and o'er + Ancient history--many a story + Of battle and conquest and warlike glory; + Or maybe 'tis only a difficult rule + Which has followed our student home from school. + + Wise little maiden with golden hair, + Brown-eyed, winsome, loving, and fair! + Not even the sunbeams so merry and gay + Can tempt the young scholar from lessons away. + Not even _our_ presence she seems to heed-- + An industrious girl is our Louie, indeed. + I'll venture to say such a wonderful lass + Is sure to be always "up head" in her class. + + I'll frankly acknowledge I'd like to see + What a lesson so truly absorbing can be; + Over her shoulder I'll take one look, + And--dear me, children, what kind of a book + Do you think she is studying? History?--no. + Much as it grieves me to tell you so, + Little cares she for its ancient glory, + For Louie is deep in--a _fairy story_! + + * * * * * + + +[Illustration: SOLUTION OF THE MISSING-LINK PUZZLE IN _YOUNG PEOPLE_ No. +34.] + + * * * * * + +=The Catacombs of Paris.=--The vast catacombs by which a large portion +of the city of Paris is undermined were only known by popular tradition +until the year 1774, when some alarming accidents aroused the attention +of the government. The old quarries were then surveyed, and plans of +them taken, and the result was the frightful discovery that the +churches, palaces, and most of the southern parts of Paris were +undermined, and in great danger of sinking into the pit below them. A +special commission was appointed, and on the very day it met, a house in +one of the streets sunk ninety-one feet below the level of its +court-yard. The pillars which had been left by the quarry-men, in their +blind operations, without any regularity, were in many places too weak +for the enormous weight above, and in most places had themselves been +undermined, or perhaps originally stood upon ground which had previously +been hollowed. The aqueduct of Arcueil passed over this treacherous +ground; it had already suffered some shocks, and if the quarries had +continued to be neglected, an accident must sooner or later have +happened to this water-course, which would have cut off its supply from +the fountains of Paris, and have filled the excavations with water. +Repairs were forthwith commenced, and promptly completed, and a portion +of the old quarries was devoted to receive the bones of the dead. This +took place in April, 1786; the remains of the dead were removed at night +in funeral cars, covered with a pall, and followed by priests chanting +the service for the dead. When they reached the catacombs, the bones +were shot down a well, and the rattling and echoing which they made in +their fall were as impressive as any sound ever heard by human ears. +Thus the limestone quarries that had supplied the materials for building +the superb monuments, palaces, and houses of Paris became huge +charnel-houses, which they now remain! Calculations differ as to the +number of bones collected in the catacombs, but it is certain that they +contain the remains of at least _three millions_ of human beings! + + + + +[Illustration: RETRIBUTION--A WARNING TO STONE-THROWING BOYS.] + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, July 13, 1880, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, JULY 13, 1880 *** + +***** This file should be named 29034-8.txt or 29034-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/9/0/3/29034/ + +Produced by Annie McGuire + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/old/29034-8.zip b/old/29034-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..71da4dc --- /dev/null +++ b/old/29034-8.zip diff --git a/old/29034.txt b/old/29034.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..43c8c22 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/29034.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2611 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, July 13, 1880, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Harper's Young People, July 13, 1880 + An Illustrated Weekly + +Author: Various + +Release Date: June 4, 2009 [EBook #29034] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, JULY 13, 1880 *** + + + + +Produced by Annie McGuire + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: HARPER'S + +YOUNG PEOPLE + +AN ILLUSTRATED WEEKLY.] + + * * * * * + +VOL. I.--NO. 37. PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, NEW YORK. PRICE FOUR +CENTS. + +Tuesday, July 13, 1880. Copyright, 1880, by HARPER & BROTHERS. $1.50 per +Year, in Advance. + + * * * * * + + + + +[Illustration: SETTING THE CRAB NET.--DRAWN BY C. S. REINHART.] + +A CRABBING ADVENTURE. + +BY MATTHEW WHITE, JUN. + + +There were George and Bert, Sarah and the baby. + +"And you and I have pretty good appetites, Bert," George would say, +whenever the Fieldens' finances were discussed, which, since the +father's death, had been pretty often. + +"If we could only have staid on in the house in Fayetville! The garden +was getting along so nicely, and now to think all the fruit and +vegetables will be picked and sold or eaten by somebody else!" and Sarah +sighed, as she thought of the spring budding and blossoming in which she +had taken such an interest. + +"But why can't we live off the river in place of the garden?" asked +George. "The boys down at the dock say they can make lots of money +selling soft crabs. They get from sixty to seventy-five cents a dozen, +and, oh, mother, if Bert and me could only have a net and a boat and a +crab car, and roll up our pants like Nat Springer, we'd just bring you +so much money that you needn't hardly sew at all!" and in his enthusiasm +George's eyes sparkled, and he ruthlessly trampled upon every rule of +grammar he had ever learned. + +At first Mrs. Fielden was inclined to discourage the young would-be +fishermen, she having a perfect terror of their both being swallowed up +by the river, as if it were some beast of prey. But she was finally +prevailed upon to give her consent. A second-hand boat was purchased at +a trifling price from Captain Sam, an old sailor, who had taken a great +fancy to the boys, and he gave them a net, which he showed them how to +use. + +Thus fitted out, the boys would anchor near the shore a short distance +below the village, roll up their trousers above their knees, and then +stepping overboard, each take hold of an end of the net, and, keeping +quiet as mice, wait until a crab came sailing up or down with the tide, +when they would scoop him up, and shout "Hurrah!" if it proved to be a +soft shell, and "Oh, pshaw!" if it was hard. However, in the latter +case, it was not thrown away, but shaken off into the boat's locker, to +be transferred to the car and left to "shed." + +They did not at once make their fortune, for although they might have +good "catches," that did not always insure a ready market; but as the +warmer weather came on, and the village began to fill up with people +from the city, the boys procured two or three regular customers, who did +not grudge the fair prices paid for the "little-boy lobsters," as Bert +called them. + +Captain Sam stood firm friend and adviser to them from the first, and +when some of the other crabbers were inclined to find fault with what +they termed the injury done their business, he did his best to make +peace, saying the river was big enough for all. + +But one very hot afternoon, George and Bert came down to the shore +looking rather blue, for the day previous some of the other village boys +had repaired in a body to where the two were anchored, and made such a +splashing about as to frighten all the crabs away. + +"I think it's an awful shame," muttered George, as he pushed off. "This +is a free country, and I don't see why we haven't as good a right to +make money out of the river as Teddy Lee or Nat Springer. They--" + +"Hold on a minute, George!" cried Bert, as his brother, with one knee on +the bow, was about to send the _Sarah_ into deep water with the other +foot. "Here comes Captain Sam. Let's tell him about it; maybe he'll know +what we ought to do;" and so they waited till the good-natured old man +came up. + +But there was no need to tell him anything, for he had already heard of +the new outbreak on the part of the village boys, and now appeared with +a suggestion, by acting on which hostilities might in the future be +avoided. + +"I'm real sorry, boys," he began, as he took his seat on the side of his +own boat, which was drawn up close beside the _Sarah_. "I'm real sorry +as how these Yorking youngsters don't treat you no better. They only +hurt theirselves by it, they do," and Sam spoke with unusual emphasis, +at the same time polishing up the glass of his "jack-light" with an +energy that threatened to break the panes. "But now I'll tell you what +tack I think you'd better take, an' thet right off, fer the tide's 'most +out a'ready. Jist you row across nigh to the other side o' the river, +drop yer anchor on the flat right opposite thet little sort o' bay +yonder, and then put down yer net to good business. D'ye understand whar +I mean, lads?" and the Captain pointed with his long, water-shrivelled +forefinger, adding, "It seems purty far to go, but it'll pay when you +git thar--it'll pay;" and leaning forward, Sam gave the _Sarah_ a shove +that sent her clear of the shore, out into the centre of the cove which +served as the harbor for all the fishing-boats in Yorking. + +With their hearts considerably lightened by their friend's sympathy and +advice, the two Fielden boys lost no time in following his instructions, +and each taking an oar, they were soon spinning straight across the +river at a speed that in ten minutes or so brought them to the flat. +Here the anchor was dropped over the side, and the boys got out in the +shallow water. + +The net was quickly put in place, and Captain Sam's predictions amply +verified, for the outgoing tide brought down quantities of soft shells +and "shedders," to say nothing of hard crabs. It was fortunate Bert had +the car with him, for he was always seeing "such splendid fellows" just +a little further up, that the _Sarah_ was soon left quite a distance +behind, the lads being not only much interested in their success, but +also in the exploration of the flat, which appeared to be long and +narrow, with deep channels on every side. + +Absorbed in the water at their feet, the boys failed to notice the +change that was taking place in the sky overhead, and the first +intimation they had of the storm that had been brewing all the afternoon +was a terrific squall, which struck them with a suddenness that almost +took away their breath. + +"Make for the boat, Bert," shouted George, the next instant; and the two +splashed their way through the now wave-capped waters with all possible +speed. + +But what was their horror, when they had almost reached the _Sarah_, to +see the latter break away from her anchorage, and drift swiftly down +stream with the gale! + +The rope had parted, and they were left helpless on the flats. + +"Oh, George, what shall we do?" almost sobbed Bert, for he was only ten, +and the wind, and rain, and seething floods around him raged most +furiously. + +George was frightened too, but remembering his twelve years, he tried to +look confident and hopeful, as he pointed out the fact that some one +would surely come after them. + +"But--but won't the tide come in before then?" queried Bert, his voice +trembling still, and his cheeks all wet with rain. "I think I feel it a +little higher now." + +"It's only the waves makes that," returned George, soothingly, although +the same horrible possibility had just presented itself to him. + +The storm, however, did not last long; but with the going down of the +wind, the tide began to come in faster, and Bert stood on his toes, and +then sank the crab car, and stood on that. It was a good mile across the +river to Yorking--too far to permit of any signals being seen there--and +the nearer shore was quite wild, the woods extending down almost to the +water's edge. + +And still the tide came rushing in; and then the sun went down, and Bert +began to cry in earnest, for he was both cold and hungry, besides +feeling it a decidedly unpleasant sensation to have the water creep up +little by little toward his neck. + +"Why don't Captain Sam come after us?" he sobbed, hiding his face on +George's coat sleeve. + +"Perhaps he will; but, you see, he don't know we've lost our boat; so +we'll just have to wait long enough for them to get worried about us at +home." + +George spoke bravely, but his heart beat very hard and fast, for now the +water had reached above where his trousers were rolled, while Bert, who +was almost a head shorter, was wet to the waist. + +And so the minutes passed by as if they were hours, with the tide +creeping up around the lads higher, higher, till just as Bert's +shoulders were about to disappear into its cold embrace, George +exclaimed: + +"A light! a light! Look, Bert, it's coming this way!" + +And now both boys strained their eyes to see if they might hope, and +then cried out with all their might. + +Nearer and nearer came the welcome beacon, casting a shining pathway +before it over the waters, and soon answering shouts were echoed back, +and a girl's voice rang out, "George! Bertie!" and the next moment +Captain Sam's boat shot into view, with the "jack-light" on the bow, and +Sarah sitting pale and anxious in the stern. + +Tenderly Sam's strong arms lifted the two shivering lads on board, and +their sister fell to weeping and laughing over them in the most +confusing fashion. + +On the way back George told the story of their captivity on the flats, +and the Captain explained that soon after they had left him in the +afternoon he had gone to Fayetville to see his daughter, not getting +back till after supper, when he found Sarah rushing up and down the +shore in a most distracted state of mind. + +"But we've got lots of crabs," put in Bert, from his seat on the car, +which he had guarded safely through it all. "And George was real brave, +too. He didn't cry once." + +"We've lost our boat, though, I'm afraid," returned his brother, anxious +to change the conversation. + +"Oh, I guess we'll find her somewheres 'long shore to-morrow," replied +Sam; and they did, and afterward took good care not to practice false +economy by having an old worn-out rope to their anchor. + +The next day the lads' adventure was known all over Yorking, and in +future the other crabbers treated them in quite a respectful manner, +evidently thinking that now the Fielden boys had really earned the right +to follow the business. + + + + +EDDIE'S LANTERNS. + +BY ALBERT H. HARDY. + + + Eddie loves to watch the fire-flies + As the summer evenings pass, + Flashing like a shower of diamonds + In and out the meadow-grass. + + "What are all the lights?" I ask him. + "Gracious! papa, don't you know? + God has sent these little lanterns, + So the plants can see to grow." + + + + +EASY BOTANY. + + +JULY. + +June, with its rounded freshness unsullied by a faded leaf, its wood +paths gay with flowers, its glorious sunsets and sunrises, its +_perfection_ of beauty and sweetness--June has passed along to make room +for the fervid July. This midsummer month has its charms, and can show a +fair array of bright blossoms, the yellows becoming more prevalent, and +all the colors deepening as the heat grows more intense. The delicate +spring flowers are succeeded by a stouter and somewhat coarser display. +The species of veratrum, or false hellebore, which is now to be seen in +New England swamps and pastures, is a very striking plant; it has long +leaves, strongly veined and most beautifully plaited, with numerous +racemes of green flowers, forming a large terminal pyramid. The Indiana +veratrum, found in deep woods at the West and South, is a tall plant, +five or six feet high, with very large leaves, and has a kind of unholy +look, the flowers almost black, with red stamens. + +This is the month for hosts of wild peas and vetches: the purple vetch +in New England thickets; the everlasting-pea on Vermont hill-sides; the +pink beach-pea and marsh-pea on New Jersey coasts and Western lake +shores: the pale purple myrtle-pea climbing over banks by New England +road-sides; the blue butterfly-pea, two inches broad, very showy, and +found in woods and fields of New York and Pennsylvania. These are all +graceful and pretty. + +On Western prairies blossoms the deep pink prairie rose, the only native +climbing rose of the States, and on rocky banks in Pennsylvania woods +may be found the beautiful wild hydrangea flowers, silvery white or +rose-color. Let the young flower-seeker not fail to look for the +interesting parnassia, or grass of Parnassus, so named by the learned +Dioscodorus more than eighteen hundred years ago, who found it growing +on Mount Parnassus. One species of this little plant is abundant in damp +fields in Eastern Connecticut and in the Middle and Southern States. The +leaves are round and firm, the flower star-shaped, white, and streaked +with fine green lines. + +By ponds and in damp thickets in Connecticut and New Jersey may be found +the showy rhexia, or meadow-beauty, the petals bright reddish-purple, +with crooked stamens brilliant yellow, and captivating seed-vessels +shaped like little antique vases. Several species of the singular orchis +tribe are in bloom during this month. As a general thing, these +remarkable plants delight in cold, damp, boggy, muddy pastures, and old +dark woods and thickets. + +The flowers are beautiful, and several are fragrant; the colors white, +yellow, and shades of purple, and one, the fragrant purple-fringed +orchis, is as perfect and beautiful as can be imagined, and well repays +the tramp through damp woods. So also does the superb white +lady's-slipper, found in the same localities, and contrasting finely +with the dark, shaded places it loves, the large white blossoms, with +purple or red lines, two or three on a stalk. In shallow pools and wet +places the white arrow-head is plentiful; and the whiter wild calla, +really handsomer than its majestic relative the cultivated calla, and +the brilliant cardinal-flower gleam out beside the water-courses. + +WILD FLOWERS OF JULY. + + COMMON NAME. COLOR. LOCALITY, ETC. + + Aconite, wolf's-bane Purple, poison Dry rocky places; Pennsylvania. + Agrimony Soft yellow Open woods; New Jersey. + Archangelica White Dry open woods; Middle States. + Beach-pea Purple, large Sea-coast; New Jersey. + Black snakeroot White racemes Deep woods; Maine, West. + Butterfly-pea Violet, large Sandy woods; Maryland, + Virginia. + Button-ball White Wet places. Common. + Callirhoe Red-purple Dry fields, prairies; Illinois. + Cardinal-flower Intense red Wet places. Common. + Coral-berry Pink Dry fields and banks. Middle + States. + Deptford pink Rose-color, + white spots Dry soil; Mass. to Virginia. + Evening primrose Pale yellow Sandy soil. Common. + Everlasting-pea Yellowish-white Hill-sides; Vermont, Mass. + Fringed orchis Purple Dark woods; New England. + Fumitory Rose-color, + nodding Sandy fields; New Jersey. + Ginseng White Cool, rich woods. Rare. + Glade mallow White Limestone valleys; + Pennsylvania. + Grass of Parnassus Wh., green + lines Damp meadows; Connecticut. + Hardhack Rose-color Damp meadows; New England. + Hedysarum Purple Vermont, Maine. + Hercules's club Greenish-white River-banks; Middle States. + Indiana dragon-root Black and red, + poison Damp woods; West. + Indian physic White, pink Rich woods; Pa., New York. + Lady's-slipper White, red + lines Deep, boggy woods; New England. + Lead-plant Violet Crevices of rocks; Michigan. + Marsh-pea Blue, purple Moist places; New England. + Meadow-beauty Bright purple Borders of ponds; Conn., N. J. + Meadow-sweet White, pink Wet, low grounds; New England. + Moss-campion Purple, white White Mountains. + Myrtle-pea Pale purple Climbing; New England thickets. + New Jersey tea White clusters Dry woodlands; Middle States. + Nondo, lovage Wh., aromatic Rich woods; Virginia. + Passion-flower Green'h-yellow Damp thickets; Pa., Illinois. + Pencil-flower Yellow New Jersey; pine-barrens. + Poison-hemlock White, poison Waste, wet places. Common. + Prairie rose Deep pink Climbing; prairies West. + Prickly poppy Showy yellow Open woods; South and West. + Rattle-box Yellow Sandy soil; New Jersey. + Royal catchfly Deep scarlet Western prairies. + Sea-rocket Purplish New England coast and West. + Slender sundew White Shores of Western lakes. + Snow-berry White Rocky banks; Vermont to Pa. + Spikenard White Rich woodlands; New England. + St. Andrew's cross Yellow, stamens + crossing New Jersey; Illinois. + St. John's wort Yellow, large River-banks; New England. + Stone-crop Yellow Rocky road-sides. Common. + St. Peter's wort Light yellow Pine-barrens of New Jersey. + Touch-me-not Pale yellow Moist banks. Common. + Veratrum (false + hellebore) Purple, poison Swamps; New England. + Vetch Blue, purple Thickets; New England. + Western wall-flower Orange-yellow Limestone cliffs; West. + Wild calla White Wet places. Common. + Wild hydrangea Purple, white Rocky banks; Pennsylvania. + Wild larkspur Purple, blue Rich woods; Pa., New York. + Wild licorice Dull purple Damp woods. Common. + Wild senna Yellow Damp soil; Middle States. + Wolf-berry White, pink West and South. + + + + +THE STORY OF THE AMERICAN NAVY. + +BY BENSON J. LOSSING. + + +CHAPTER I. + +"You have no right to tax us without our consent," said the +English-American colonists to the British Parliament more than a hundred +years ago. "The Great Charter of England forbids it." + +"We have the right to control you in all cases whatsoever," answered the +Parliament. + +"Taxation without representation is tyranny, and we will not submit to +it," the colonists declared. A mighty quarrel then began, which lasted +ten years, and ended in blows. The colonists thought with Cromwell that +"rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God." + +The Parliament levied a stamp tax, but could not enforce it. A tax on +tea was laid, when the patriotic women of America ceased drinking tea, +while the men resolved that not a pound of the plant should be landed on +our shores until the tax should be taken off. Nevertheless, tea ships +came to Boston, when the citizens cast their cargoes into the waters of +the harbor. + +That tea party made the British government very angry. The King called +his American subjects "rebels," and proceeded to punish the people of +Boston. All the colonists stood by them. British troops were sent to +make the Americans obedient vassals instead of loving subjects. The +representatives of the colonists all over the land met in a General +Congress at Philadelphia. That was in 1774. In that Congress Patrick +Henry, of Virginia, said, "We must fight." At the same time Joseph +Hawley, of Massachusetts, said in the Provincial Congress, "We must +fight." The patriotic people everywhere, with compressed lips and +valorous hearts, said, "We must fight." + +Faint-hearted men and women shook their heads, and said: "Be prudent. +You know Great Britain has scores of ships of war, and we have not one; +how can we hope to win in such a contest?" + +Stout-hearted men and women replied, "We will buy or build ships, make +warriors of them, man them with hardy New England fishermen, and with +the faith of little David meet the Goliath of England, trusting in the +Lord, who will defend the right." + +And the people said, "Amen." + +The Congress appointed a "Marine Committee"--a sort of distributed +Secretary of the Navy. They ordered more than a dozen war vessels to be +built. Officers were appointed, crews were gathered, and Esek Hopkins, a +seaman of Rhode Island, then almost sixty years of age, was made +Commodore and Commander-in-chief of the Continental Navy. This was the +germ of the United States Navy. + +Early in 1776 Hopkins sailed from the Delaware to the Bahama Islands, +with four ships and three sloops. At New Providence he captured the +forts, nearly one hundred cannon, and a large quantity of ammunition and +stores. On his return he fought several British vessels, captured two, +and took his little squadron safely into the harbor of New London, +Connecticut. Not doing so well as the Congress desired, he was soon +afterward relieved of command, and no successor was appointed. + +John Paul Jones, a little Scotchman less than thirty years of age, was +one of the most active officers of this Continental Navy, and became the +most conspicuous marine hero of the old war for independence. He was the +first who raised an American flag over an American vessel of war, in +December, 1775; and in various ships he gained such great renown that +after the war he received special honors from the French monarch, became +Vice-Admiral in the Russian navy, and when he died, the government of +France decreed him a public funeral. + +There were other Americans at that time who became naval heroes only a +little less famous than Jones. There was John Manly, the veteran sailor +of Marblehead, whom Washington appointed Captain when he fitted out some +privateers at Boston before a navy was created. While the Congress were +talking about a navy, Manly was cruising off the coast of Massachusetts +in the armed schooner _Lee_, keenly watching for British vessels laden +with military supplies for the army in Boston. He captured three of them +laden with arms and munitions of war, then much needed by the patriots +who were besieging the New England capital. + +There was young Nicholas Biddle, who had served with Nelson in the Royal +Navy, and who accompanied Hopkins to the Bahamas. He did gallant service +as commander of the _Randolph_, until she was blown up in battle, when +Biddle and all his men perished. + +[Illustration: FRANKLIN ON HIS WAY TO FRANCE.--DRAWN BY HOWARD PYLE.] + +There was Captain Wilkes, with the little _Reprisal_, of sixteen guns, +who frightened all England by his daring exploits. After fighting +British armed vessels, and taking several prizes in the West Indies, he +took Dr. Franklin, the representative of the Congress, to France. Then +he cruised in the Bay of Biscay, captured a number of English +merchantmen, and with the _Reprisal_ and two or three other small +vessels, sailed entirely around Ireland, sweeping the Channel its whole +length, destroying a number of merchant vessels, and creating great +alarm in all the British ports. Poor Wilkes perished soon afterward with +all his crew when his ship was wrecked on the rocks of Newfoundland. + +New England privateers were very busy and successful, capturing no less +than thirty vessels laden with supplies for the British army in Boston. +Among the most active of these was a little Connecticut cruiser of +fourteen guns, named the _Defense_. She took prize after prize; and on a +starry night in June, 1776, she, with some other small vessels, fought +and conquered two British transports near Boston, laden with two hundred +soldiers and a large quantity of stores. By midsummer (1776), American +cruisers had captured more than five hundred British soldiers. + +Captain Whipple, a bold Rhode-Islander, who, when a British naval +commander threatened by letter to hang him "to the yard-arm" for an +offense against the majesty of Great Britain, replied, "Catch a man +before you hang him," was in command of the Continental vessel _Doria_. +He was so successful off the coasts of New England, that when, he +returned to the Delaware his prizes were so numerous, that, after +manning them, he had only five of his original crew left on board the +_Doria_. + +The gallant Jones meanwhile had swept the seas along the coasts of Nova +Scotia, and sailed into Newport Harbor with fifteen prizes. After +resting on his laurels awhile, he was again on the Acadian coast late in +1776, where he captured a large British transport laden with supplies +for Burgoyne's army in Canada. By this time cruisers sent out by +Congress and privateers were harrying British shipping in all +directions. + +Dr. Franklin carried with him to France a number of blank commissions +for army and navy officers, signed by the President and Secretary of +Congress. These Franklin and the other Commissioners filled and signed, +and under this authority cruisers sailed from French ports to attack +British vessels. It must be remembered that France at that time, in +order to injure her old enemy, England, was giving secret aid to the +Americans in revolt. + +How active and how harmful to the British marine were some of the +cruisers commissioned by Franklin and his associates, and sent out from +French ports, we shall observe presently. + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + + + +[Begun in YOUNG PEOPLE No. 31, June 1.] + +THE MORAL PIRATES. + +BY W. L. ALDEN. + + +CHAPTER VII. + +The sun was getting to be rather too hot for boating, when the boys saw +the half-sunken wreck of a canal-boat close to the west shore, where +there was a nice shady grove. They immediately crossed the river, and, +landing near the wreck, began to get their fishing-tackle in order. + +As there were only two poles, one of which belonged to Harry and the +other to Tom, the two Sharpe boys were obliged either to cut poles for +themselves, or to watch the others while they fished. Jim cut a pole for +himself, but Joe preferred to lie on the bank. "I don't care to fish, +anyhow," he said. "I'll agree to eat twice as much fish as anybody else, +if I can be excused from fishing." + +"If you don't want to fish, you'd better hunt bait for us," said Tom. + +"I never thought about bait," exclaimed Harry. "How are we going to dig +for worms without a spade?" + +"Who wants any worms?" replied Tom. "Grasshoppers are the thing; and the +field just back of here is full of them. Come, Joe, catch us some +grasshoppers, won't you?" + +"How many do you want?" asked Joe. "I don't want to waste good +grasshoppers on fellows who won't use them. Let's see: suppose I get you +ten grasshoppers apiece. Will that do?" + +"Are you getting lazy, Joe?" said Tom, "or are you sick? A fellow who +don't want to fish must have something wrong in his insides. Harry, +you'd better give him some medicine." + +"Oh, I'm all right," replied Joe. "I'm a little sleepy to-day, but I'll +get your grasshoppers." + +Joe took an empty tin can and went in search of grasshoppers, while the +rest were getting their hooks and lines ready. In a short time he +returned, and handed the can to Tom. + +"There's just thirty-one grasshoppers in that can," said he. "I threw in +one for good measure. Now go ahead and fish, and I'll have a nap." So +saying, he stretched himself on the ground, and the other boys began to +fish. + +[Illustration: AN UNEXPECTED CATCH.--DRAWN BY A. B. FROST.] + +There were quantities of perch near the old canal-boat, and they bit +ravenously at the grasshoppers. It took only about a quarter of an hour +to catch nearly three dozen fish. These were more than the boys could +possibly eat; and Tom was just going to remark that they had better stop +fishing, when they were startled by a loud cry from Joe. Harry, in +swinging his line over his head so as to cast out a long way into the +river, had succeeded in hooking Joe in the right ear. + +Of course Harry was extremely sorry, and he said so several times; but, +as Joe pointed out, "talk won't pull a hook out of a fellow's ear." The +barb made it impracticable to draw the hook out, and it was quite +impossible that Joe should enjoy the cruise with a fish-hook in his ear. +Jim said that the hook must be cut out; but Joe objected to having his +ear cut to pieces with a dull jack-knife. + +In this emergency, Tom proposed to break off the shank of the hook, and +then to push the remainder of it through the ear. It was no easy matter, +however, to break the steel. Every time the hook was touched Joe winced +with pain; but finally Tom managed to break the shank with the aid of +the pair of pliers that formed part of the stores. The hook was then +gently and firmly pressed through the ear, and carefully drawn out. + +"I knew," said Tom, "that something must be wrong when Joe said he +didn't want to fish. This ought to be a warning to him." + +"It's a warning to me," said Harry, "not to throw my line all over the +State of New York." + +"Oh, it's all right now," said Joe. "Only the next time I go cruising +with Harry, I'm going to take a pair of cutting pincers to cut off the +shanks of fish-hooks after he gets through fishing. We'd better get a +pair at Hudson, anyhow, or else we'll all be stuck full of hooks, if +Harry does any more fishing." + +Harry was so humbled by the result of his carelessness that he offered, +by way of penance, to clean and cook the fish. When this was done, and +the fish were served up smoking hot, they were so good that Joe forgot +his damaged ear, and Harry recovered his spirits. After a course of fish +and bread, a can of peaches was opened for dessert, and then followed a +good long rest. By three o'clock the heat began to lessen, and the +_Whitewing_ started on her way with a better breeze than she had yet +been favored with. + +The boat travelled swiftly, and the breeze gradually freshened. The +whitecaps were beginning to make their appearance on the river before it +occurred to the boys that they must cross over to the east shore, in +order to camp where they could find shade while getting breakfast the +next morning. It had been one of Uncle John's most earnest bits of +advice that they should always have shade in the morning. "Nothing +spoils the temper," he had said, "like cooking under a bright sun; so +make sure that you keep in the shade until after breakfast." Harry felt +a little nervous about crossing the river in so fresh a breeze, since, +as the breeze blew from the south, the boat could not sail directly +across the river without bringing the sea on her beam. He did not +mention that he was nervous, however, and he showed excellent judgment +in crossing the river diagonally, so as to avoid exposing the broadside +of the boat to the waves, that by this time were unpleasantly high. The +east bank was thus reached without taking a drop of water into the boat, +and she was then kept on her course up the river, within a few rods of +the shore. + +This was a wise precaution in one respect; for if the boat had capsized, +the boys could easily have swum ashore; but still it is always risky to +keep close to the shore, unless you know that there are no rocks or +snags in the way. Harry never thought of the danger of being shipwrecked +with the shore so close at hand, and was enjoying the cooling breeze and +the speed of the boat, when suddenly the _Whitewing_ brought up with a +crash that pitched everybody into the bottom of the boat. She had struck +a sunken rock, and the speed at which she was going was so great that +one of her planks was stove in. Before the boys could pick themselves +up, the water had rushed in, and was rising rapidly. + +"Jump overboard everybody!" cried Harry. "She won't float with us in +her." + +There was no time in which to pull off shirts and trousers, and the boys +plunged overboard without even taking their hats off. They then took +hold of the boat, two on each side of her, and swam toward the shore. +With so much water in her, the boat was tremendously heavy; but the boys +persevered, and finally reached shallow water, where they could wade and +drag her out on the sand. + +"Here we are wet again!" exclaimed Jim. "The blankets are wet too this +time." + +"Never mind," replied Tom; "it's not more than five o'clock, and we can +get them dry before night." + +"We'll have to work pretty fast, then," said Harry. "Jim and Joe had +better build a big fire, and dry the things, while you and I empty the +boat; or I'll empty the boat, and you can pitch the tent. We'll have to +put off supper till we can make sure of a dry bed." + +Harry took the things out of the boat one by one. Everything was wet +except the contents of the tin boxes, into which the water luckily had +not penetrated. As soon as the fire was built, Jim and Joe gave their +whole attention to drying the blankets and the spare clothing; and when +the boat was emptied, it was found that a hole nearly six inches long +and four inches wide had been made through one of the bottom planks. +Harry and Tom set to work to mend it. They took a piece of canvas--which +had luckily been kept in one of the tin boxes, and was quite dry--and +tacked it neatly over the outside of the hole. + +They next covered the canvas with a thin coating of white lead, except +at the edges, where the white lead was laid on very thickly. Over the +canvas the piece of zinc that had been brought for just such a purpose +was carefully tacked, and then thin strips of wood were placed over the +edges of the tin, and screwed down tightly with screws that went through +the zinc, but not through the canvas. Finally, white lead was put all +around the outer edge of the zinc, and the boat was then left +bottom-side up on the sand, so that the white lead could harden by +exposure to the air. + +Nobody cared to go for milk in wet clothes; and so, when the boat was +mended, the boys all sat around the fire to dry themselves, and made a +supper of crackers. What with the heat and the wind, it was not very +long before their clothes and blankets were thoroughly dried, and they +could look forward to a comfortable night. The tent was pitched where no +steamboat swell could possibly touch it, and the boat was apparently out +of reach of the tide. It was very early when the boys "turned in," and +for the first time in the cruise they slept peacefully all night. + +[TO BE CONTINUED.] + + + + +THE MANGOSTEEN. + +FROM ADVANCE SHEETS OF "THE BOY TRAVELLERS IN THE FAR EAST." PART +SECOND. BY THOMAS W. KNOX. + + +During their stay upon the island of Java, Dr. Bronson and his young +travelling companions took a trip on a railway from Batavia to +Buitenzorg, in order that they might learn something of the interior of +the island. While on this trip the boys observed, among other things, +that the trees in some instances grew quite close to the track. Doctor +Bronson explained to them that in the tropics it was no small matter to +keep a railway line clear of trees and vines, and sometimes the vines +would grow over the track in a single night. It was necessary to keep +men at work along the track to cut away the vegetation where it +threatened to interfere with the trains, and in the rainy season the +force of men was sometimes doubled. "There is one good effect," said he, +"of this luxuriant growth. The roots of the vines and trees become +interlaced in the embankment on which the road is built, and prevent its +being washed away by heavy rains. So you see there is, after all, a +saving in keeping the railway in repair." + +At several of the stations the natives offered fruit of different kinds, +and nearly all new to our young friends. They had been told that they +would probably find the mangosteen for sale along the road; they had +inquired for it in Singapore, but it was not in season there, and now +their thoughts were bent upon discovering it between Batavia and +Buitenzorg. Two or three times they were disappointed when they asked +for it; but finally, at one of the stations, when Fred pronounced the +word "mangosteen," a native held up a bunch of fruit, and nodded. The +Doctor looked at the bunch, and nodded likewise, and Fred speedily paid +for the prize. + +Perhaps we had best let Fred tell the story of the mangosteen, which he +did in his first letter from Buitenzorg: + +"We have found the prince of fruits, and its name is mangosteen. It is +about the size of a pippin apple, and of a purple color--a very dark +purple, too. The husk, or rind, is about half an inch thick, and +contains a bitter juice, which is used in the preparation of dye; it +stains the fingers like aniline ink, and is not easy to wash off. Nature +has wisely provided this protection for the fruit; if it had no more +covering than the ordinary skin of an apple, the birds would eat it all +up as soon as it was ripe. If I were a bird, and had a bill that would +open the mangosteen, I would eat nothing else as long as I could get at +it. + +"You cut this husk with a sharp knife right across the centre, and then +you open it in two parts. Out comes a lump of pulp as white as snow, and +about the size of a small peach. It is divided into sections, like the +interior of an orange, and there is a sort of star on the outside that +tells you, before you cut the husk, exactly how many of these sections +there are. Having got at the pulp, you proceed to take the lump into +your mouth, and eat it; and you will be too busy for the next quarter of +a minute to say anything. + +"Hip! hip! hurrah! It melts away in your mouth like an overripe peach or +strawberry; it has a taste that is slightly acid--very slightly, +too--but you can no more describe all the flavor of it than you can +describe how a canary sings, or a violet smells. There is no other fruit +I ever tasted that begins to compare with it, though I hesitate to admit +that there is anything to surpass our American strawberry in its +perfection, or the American peach. If you could get all the flavors of +our best fruits in one, and then give that one the 'meltingness' of the +mangosteen, perhaps you might equal it; but till you can do so, there is +no use denying that the tropics have the prince of fruits. + +"Everybody tells us we can eat all the mangosteens we wish to, without +the slightest fear of ill results. Perhaps one might get weary of them +in time, but at present we are unable to find enough of them. If +anything would reconcile me to a permanent residence in the tropics, it +would be the hope of always having plenty of mangosteens at my command. + +"You may think," Fred added, "that I have taken a good deal of space for +describing this fruit, but I assure you I have not occupied half what it +deserves. And if you were here, you would agree with me, and be willing +to give it all the space at your command--in and beyond your mouth. But +be careful and have it fully ripe: green mangosteens are apt to produce +colic, as Frank can tell you of his own knowledge." + + + + +ROBINSON CRUSOE'S ISLAND. + + +The island of Juan Fernandez has always been said to be the island on +which Robinson Crusoe was cast away. Nothing can be further from the +truth. Crusoe never saw Juan Fernandez, and, so far as we know, never +once so much as thought of casting himself away there. + +No man has ever charged Robinson Crusoe with not telling the truth. He +may have had his faults--and he certainly did show very little judgment +when he built his first boat so far from the shore that he could not +possibly launch it--but he always told the truth. We ought therefore to +believe what he says about the situation of his island. He informs me +that, having sailed from Brazil on a voyage to the coast of Guinea, he +was driven northward by stormy weather, and was finally wrecked +somewhere between the mouth of the river Orinoco and the Caribbean or +West India islands. Now the island of Juan Fernandez is in the Pacific +Ocean, about three hundred and sixty miles southwest of Valparaiso. To +suppose that Crusoe was wrecked on Juan Fernandez, while on his way from +Brazil to Guinea, is like saying that a ship on her way from New York to +Liverpool was wrecked on one of the Sandwich Islands. Such a story would +be perfectly absurd. However, when we have Crusoe's word that he was +cast away near the mouth of the Orinoco, there is an end of the matter. +He probably could not have told a lie if he had tried to. + +In the year 1704 an English vessel called the _Cinque Ports_ came to +Juan Fernandez. One of her officers, Alexander Selkirk by name, had +quarrelled with the Captain, and he said he would much rather stay on +this island than sail any longer on board the _Cinque Ports_. The +Captain was glad to get rid of him, and therefore sailed away, and left +him behind. What Selkirk and the Captain had quarrelled about has never +been certainly known, but when we reflect that Selkirk was a Scotchman, +we can understand that very likely he was unwilling to practice piracy +on Sunday, while the captain insisted that any day was a fit day on +which to rob a Spanish ship. This would have led to a quarrel, and very +possibly was the precise cause of the quarrel which resulted in Selkirk +leaving the ship at Juan Fernandez. It is true that the _Cinque Ports_ +was called a buccaneer, instead of a pirate, but no man can see the +difference between buccaneering and piracy without the help of a +large-sized compound microscope. + +Selkirk remained all alone on the island for four years and four months, +when another English vessel took him off. When he reached home, he wrote +an account of his adventures, and very stupid people have since claimed +that Daniel Defoe, the author of the story of Crusoe's adventures, had +read Selkirk's book, and that it suggested to him the idea of inventing +Robinson Crusoe. To suppose that so great a man as Defoe could not write +a book without stealing his ideas from Alexander Selkirk is ridiculous. +Selkirk and Crusoe were as unlike as two men could well be. The only +resemblance between them was that both had lived alone on unfrequented +islands, as many other unfortunate men have done before and since. + +We thus see how it came to pass that people have mixed up Selkirk's +island with Crusoe's island, and have finally convinced themselves that +Crusoe was wrecked on Juan Fernandez. Selkirk's island is firmly +believed by nearly everybody to have been Crusoe's island, though we +might just as well call it Smith's or Jones's island. + +It must be admitted that Juan Fernandez is a beautiful island, with +every convenience that Crusoe could have wished for, except cannibals. +Selkirk, however, could do nothing with it. He did contrive to catch +goats by running after them until they were tired out, but he never +thought of taming them--fattening them on tomato cans--as Crusoe did. Of +course he never had a Man Friday, and he never built himself a canoe, or +periagua. In fact, he did very little that was creditable to him, and +there is only too much reason to believe that if he had seen a foot-step +on the sand, he would not have known that it was his duty to be terribly +frightened. + +[Illustration] + +Juan Fernandez is about sixteen miles long and five and a half miles +wide. The shore, especially on the northern side, is steep and rocky. +The interior is very picturesque, and contains several beautiful valleys +separated by high ridges. On the north side of the island is a very +steep mountain of lava, which is eight thousand feet high, the top of +which is said to be inaccessible. Part way up this mountain is the place +where Selkirk used to watch for passing vessels. In one of the valleys +there is a cave where Selkirk lived. It is thirty feet in length and +about twenty feet in breadth, with a ceiling of nearly twenty feet in +height. While it is a fair substantial cave, it can not be compared for +a moment with the cave which Crusoe had on his own island, and which he +enlarged with so much perseverance. + +[Illustration] + +The island belongs to Chili, and more than a hundred years ago the +Chilian government sent convicts to Juan Fernandez as a punishment. A +fort was built, which has now crumbled away, and cells were dug in the +solid rock on the side of a hill, and the convicts were locked up in +them every night. The convicts, not liking their treatment, rebelled, +killed their guards, and seizing on a vessel that had visited the +island, escaped to Peru. Since then Juan Fernandez, or Mas-a-tierra, as +the Chilians call it, has been inhabited by a few Chilian farmers, who +raise, with very little labor, food enough to live on. They also catch +fish, which they send to the mainland, and at certain seasons of the +year they kill large quantities of seals, which frequent a little rocky +island half a mile from Juan Fernandez. At the present time the island +is governed by a Mr. Rhode, who rents it from the Chilian government, +and proposes to raise quantities of cattle. + + +In 1868 the British man-of-war _Topaz_ touched at Juan Fernandez, and +her officers erected an iron tablet in honor of Selkirk. It bears the +following inscription: + + In memory of Alexander Selkirk, + Mariner, + a native of Largo, in the County of Fife, Scotland, + who lived on this island in complete solitude for four years and four + months. + He was landed from the _Cinque Ports_ galley, 96 tons, 16 guns, A.D. + 1704, and was taken off in the _Duke_ privateer, 12th February, 1709. + He died Lieutenant of H. M. S. _Weymouth_, A.D. 1722, aged 47 years. + This tablet is erected near Selkirk's Look-out by Commodore + Powell and the officers of H. M. S. _Topaz_, A.D. 1868. + +As there is excellent water at Juan Fernandez, vessels occasionally +touch there to fill their casks, but it has no regular communication +with the rest of the world. + +Of course Juan Fernandez will always continue to be called Robinson +Crusoe's island, though it is certain that Crusoe was never within +three or four thousand miles of it. As for the unbelieving people who +pretend that Robinson Crusoe never lived, nobody should listen to them +for a moment. There never was anybody more thoroughly real than Robinson +Crusoe. Selkirk was not half so real; and in comparison with the +shipwrecked mariner of Hull, Julius Caesar was grossly improbable. +Crusoe's island undoubtedly exists somewhere "near the mouth of the +great river Orinoco." + + + + +PHILEMON'S CIRCUS. + +BY MARY DENSEL. + + +"--together with fifes and drums. The gigantic procession, headed by the +stupendous gilded chariot, will move through the town at seven o'clock +A.M. precisely,'" ended Tom Tadgers, quoting from the handbills. + +"Through _this_ town?" asked Philemon, much excited. + +Tom Tadgers gave him a withering glance. + +"Do you suppose that N. Ticeum and B. Phoolum's 'Great Moral Show,' with +'six tigers, five elephants, a giraffe, hippopot_a_mus, kangaroo, +in-nu-mer-a-ble monkeys, wild men of Borneo, living skeleton, educated +bull, and a ship of the desert,' would come to a mean little village +like this? Skowhegan's the town it's going to move through, and it will +pass Tucker's Corner at five o'clock to-morrow morning. So Silas Elder +says to me, 'You get into the back of my milk cart, Tadgers'" (Tommy +felt deeply the dignity of being "Tadgers"), "'and I'll give you a lift +as far as the Corner, Tadgers. Then you can follow the procession, and +go to the show at Skowhegan, Tadgers,' says he. Now, Philemon, how would +you like to come along too?" + +"And Romeo Augustus with me?" questioned Philemon, eagerly. + +Tadgers shook his head. + +"Come by yourself, or not at all," said he, firmly. "What's more, you +must be on hand by four o'clock to-morrow morning." + +How could Philemon wake at that early hour? It was his wont not only to +"sleep like a top all night," but also to "sleep at morn." + +Tom, however, agreed to manage that. So when Philemon went to bed at +night, it was with one end of a piece of stout twine tied to his ankle, +while the other end hung out at the open window. + +Neither Elias, John, nor Romeo Augustus, who shared his chamber, spied +the cord. Philemon waited till they were sound asleep before he arranged +it. + +The sun had not begun to show his face above the horizon when there came +a brisk twitch on the twine. Philemon was broad awake in a twinkling, +and rolled out of bed to dance a one-footed ballet, by reason of a +series of jerks given to the cord by the sprightly Thomas below. It was +only after Philemon had knocked over two chairs and a cricket that he +managed to hop wildly to the window, and to call out in a hoarse +whisper, "You'll wake the whole house if you don't quit," that Tom +condescended to desist; and a few minutes later the two comrades were +climbing into the back of Silas Elder's cart, all ready to start for +"The Great Moral Show." + +The cart was not spacious, and its springs were few and far between, as +Philemon's bones bore witness. He began, all at once, to wonder if it +might not have been _polite_ to have mentioned to his parents that he +intended to be absent the greater part of the day. + +He recollected, with a pang, that it was his mother's custom to be +anxious when one of her six precious boys was long out of her sight. + +Suddenly, "Look there! there! there!" shouted Tom Tadgers. + +Sure enough; there--there--there, in the distance, was a caravan moving +slowly toward Tucker's Corner. It must be--it is N. Ticeum and B. +Phoolum's show. + +Nearer and nearer it came. Tom and Philemon jumped out of the cart, that +they might be ready to join the "gigantic procession." + +And now they were in its midst. To be sure, the glories of "the +stupendous gilded chariot" were shrouded by brown canvas; the monkeys, +tigers, and the hippopotamus were shut up in their cages; neither were +the giraffe and kangaroo visible as yet. But here were the elephants +marching majestically along; here was the educated bull, with a ring +through his nose; and so near that Philemon could have touched him was +the living skeleton in all his enchanting leanness. + +Philemon actually danced up and down in ecstasy. The man who seemed to +have charge of affairs caught sight of his beaming face, and broke into +a good-natured laugh. + +"Hallo, my little chap, would ye like a ride to-day?" said he, and +before Philemon knew what was going to happen, he found himself astride +of the back of a huge gray elephant. + +Was there ever such a morning! It did seem as if the sun fairly outdid +itself, such billows of light did it pour forth. The rollicking breeze +danced round and about the caravan, and would by no means be left +behind. The corn in Farmer Tucker's field waved its silken tassels in a +delighted frenzy. All the golden-rod and asters were alert to see the +sight. + +At last the coverings were taken from the gilded chariot; fifes and +drums struck up a tune. All the Skowhegan boys came flocking out of town +to meet the caravan. Some one put an American flag into Philemon's hand. +What an honor! The lad's heart swelled with pride. He held his head +high. He was actually a part of "The Great Moral Show." + +So absorbed was he in his new dignity that he did not notice that they +were nearing the bridge which stretched across the Kennebec River, just +outside of Skowhegan. Neither did he observe that the elephants were +separating themselves from the rest of the train, until, just as the +gilded chariot passed on the bridge, the animal Philemon rode broke into +a trot--and what a trot!--starting down the river-bank, followed by the +other four elephants. Philemon clung with both his hands. + +Into the stream plunged the beasts, wading clumsily along until the +water was breast-high, when they began to swim. Philemon stuck like a +little burr to the gray back. + +At last the elephants gained a foot-hold once more. But they were by no +means ready to give up the cool water. They snorted; they tramped; they +plunged; they sucked the water into their trunks, and poured it out +again in great streams. Never had Philemon had such a shower-bath. One +of the elephants lay down and rolled playfully over and over. Philemon +was frightened nearly out of his wits: suppose his elephant should do +likewise? Instead of that, he rose to within a few feet of the bank, +and, having first treated his rider to a few extra bucketfuls of water, +twisted his trunk round one of Philemon's legs. + +There was a jerk, a dizzy whirl through the air, and our friend lay +"high," but by no means "dry," upon the earth. + +The crowd gathered round. He heard Tom Tadgers's voice in a terrified +wail: "He's dead! he's dead!" + +Then some one else spoke: "Bring water." + +That was adding insult to injury. Up as straight as a ramrod sat the +afflicted Philemon. "If anybody dares to put another drop of water on +me, I'll--I'll--I'll go _home_!" gasped he. + +There was a burst of merriment at that tremendous threat, and the young +hero was lifted on some one's shoulder, and borne along in triumph. +Strange to say, he was not even bruised, and he almost forgot his +mishap, when, an hour later, he was permitted to help in spreading tan +around the open space where Madame Lucetta Almazida was to ride the +famous horse Pegasus, and perform her "world-renowned feat" of jumping +through seventeen hoops and a "barrel wrapped in flames." + +That noon Philemon was actually invited to dine with Mons. Duval, the +"incomparable gymnast," and a host of other circus celebrities. + +"You're a plucky little fellow, and fit to feed along o' us," said Mons. +Duval, with a grin. + +Philemon was much pleased by the compliment, which, though perchance not +expressed in the most refined language, showed a kindly appreciation of +his merits. + +He entirely forgot Tom Tadgers, who, not having had the luck to meet +with an accident, was left outside. In fact, Philemon saw Tom no more +that day, and the latter, at the close of the afternoon, met Silas Elder +once more, and rode peacefully home, where he went to bed, quite +omitting to say a word to anybody about Philemon. + +In the mean time that worthy ate his dinner with his new companions. He +wondered vaguely what his mother would say if she knew where he was. + +He might have wondered more had not one of the men poured a yellow +liquid into a cup, and handed it to him. + +"Drink this, my man," said he. + +Then everybody laughed. The liquid was sweet. Philemon liked it. He +drank every drop. Soon he began to feel very bright and merry; and when +a new song was sung he joined lustily in the chorus. He had a clear, +high, ringing voice. + +"Bless us!" exclaimed Mons. Duval. "Tip us a song yourself, boy." + +Not a whit abashed, Philemon began to sing. + +"Ha! ha! ha!" laughed Mons. Duval. "Tim Luker, what used to do our first +tribble, was took sick this morning. What d'ye say, youngster, to being +blacked up, and singing this evening to the circus along o' our minstrel +troupe?" + +That yellow liquid was in Philemon's blood. His eyes sparkled, his +cheeks flamed. + +"Yes, I'll sing," cried he, boisterously, "and I'll go to the ends of +the earth with you." + +After dinner--it was strange--he felt very drowsy. Mons. Duval, for some +reason, was extremely amused, and considered it a great joke. + +"You lay down here and take a nap," he said, and actually took off his +own coat to put over Philemon. The boy slept all that afternoon; indeed, +he never opened his eyes till it was nearly time for the evening's +entertainment to begin. + +The big dingy tent where the performance was to come off was lighted. +Philemon followed Mons. Duval into the small tent behind the large one, +where those who were to take part awaited their several turns. + +He stood meekly silent, while his face, hands, and neck were daubed with +some sticky black stuff; and then, as bidden, he arrayed himself in some +extraordinary baggy yellow clothes, and a big paper collar. + +He caught sight of himself in a bit of glass. He looked like a little +black imp. What would his mother say to see him? A feeling of intense +shame surged over him. He crouched down in a corner, wishing he could +hide himself from the eyes of all men. + +Philemon looked around him, and there, close by, was a boy about his own +age, with large brown eyes and white cheeks. He was dressed in +flesh-colored tights. + +"Who are you?" asked Philemon, as the boy stared and half smiled. + +"I'm the 'Phenomenal Trapezist,'" announced the lad, solemnly. + +"What do you do?" + +"Oh, I go up on the trapeze, at the tiptop of the tent, and my father +and uncle--they're the crack gymnasts, you know--they toss me about as +if I was a ball. By-and-by I'm going to learn to hang by my toes, and +take a flying leap, sixty foot, to the slack-rope near the ground." + +"Aren't you frightened?" exclaimed Philemon. + +"Ye--" began the boy, and then quickly changed his tone, as a man clad +in scarlet and gilt came near. "No, I ain't scared. I like it." + +"Of course he ain't scared," said the man, roughly. "Come, Bill, it's +time for you and me to show ourselves." + +They were joined by Bill's uncle, and the three passed into the outer +tent. Philemon put his eye against a hole in the canvas to watch them. + +Like monkeys the two men and the child swung themselves aloft, and +reached the tent roof. Here they twisted, they turned, they made fearful +leaps from one trapeze to another, until Philemon trembled to see them. +At last both men hung by their knees, head downward, and Bill crept +carefully to the end of a long rope, gave a spring, and caught his +father's hands. There was an awful pause; then small Bill was sent +spinning through the air, sixty-five feet from the ground, to be caught +by his uncle, tossed back to his father, now seized by an arm, now by a +leg, now almost missed, now twirled round and round like a ball. +Philemon caught his breath, and stretched out his hand in an agony of +fear. His hand touched another, which was as cold as ice. Glancing up, +he found Madame Lucetta Almazida close by, her eye glued to another hole +in the canvas, her breath coming short and thick, her face livid and +drawn. Not knowing what she did, she clutched Philemon's hand, and he +heard her mutter, + +"My baby! my baby!" + +"Bill" was her own "Phenomenal Trapezist," and under Madame Lucetta +Almazida's shabby bodice a mother's heart beat wildly. + +Philemon's heart beat too. What if he had been a "Bill," and his own +sweet mother had worn short skirts and ridden Pegasus? Horrible! + +Poor Lucetta Almazida! Poor little Bill! + +But there was time to think of them no more. The band of negro minstrels +was ready to sing. A clown seized Philemon's hand, and hurried him into +the ring. There was a shout from the spectators. Some one gave him a +nudge. + +"Pipe up, boy. We're ready for 'Massa's in the cold, cold ground.'" + +Philemon opened his mouth, but no sound came. The eyes on every side +burned into him. His one desire was to rush away from those blackened +men, from the choking odor of tan and kerosene, from the disgrace of +standing there, like a little black fiend, to be hooted at and expected +to make fun for the crowd. His brain reeled. With a cry he broke from a +detaining hand, and ran headlong across the arena, his yellow coat tails +flapping about his heels. + +Through the back tent he sped, past Madame Lucetta Almazida, who was +holding the "Phenomenal Trapezist" in her arms, past Mons. Duval, out +into the night. Home--home--home--that was the place toward which, if he +had had wings, he would have flown. Being neither an angel nor even a +bird, only a little wretched boy, all he could do was to stumble along +the dark road. Eight miles away was his home. On and on he went, and at +last his weary feet began to flag. + +It seemed as if the chirping crickets were hissing at him. The frogs in +the ponds croaked disapprovingly. Even the stars winked reproachfully. + +He was growing exhausted. He sank down by a fence, and his eyelids +closed heavily. + +The sun was high when he awoke, and then a colder, hungrier boy you +never saw. Six miles from home was he. There was nothing for it but to +plod along, for there were no houses on that road. One mile, two miles, +he walked. He picked some apples by the road-side, but they were sour +and hard. Sometimes he tried to run, but had to give that up. + +At five o'clock that afternoon the cook at a certain farm-house was +frying doughnuts in the back kitchen. She was looking very sober, and +near her sat a very sober boy, who every now and then drew his hand +across his eyes. At last he spoke. + +"Cerinthy," said he, "do you cal'late they'll ever find him?" + +Cerinthy put another doughnut into the expostulating fat. "Romeo +Augustus," said she, "it's my opinion that maybe they may and maybe they +mayn't; an' like as not if they do, it'll only be his body, and-- Oh!" + +Cerinthy gave a great scream, and dropped her panful of doughnuts on the +floor, for on the threshold of the "pump-room" stood a boy as black as +the ace of spades, clad in startling yellow clothes, his neck ornamented +with a huge paper collar. + +This image opened his mouth and spake. "Where's my mother? Give me a +doughnut." + +Cerinthy shrieked louder than ever. An opposite door opened, and out +rushed a lady whose eyes were swollen with crying. + +"Mother!" called out the black boy, as he flew into her open arms. + +"Philemon! mother's own little boy!" she sobbed; while Romeo Augustus +performed a war-dance about the two. + +I think Philemon's father was so relieved when he beheld his fifth-born, +that he would have _whipped_ him soundly. But his mother would by no +means allow that. She gave him preserved peach and cream toast instead. + +"For you'll never do such a thing again, will you?" demanded she, +tenderly. + +Philemon gazed lovingly at her, with a mouth full of toast. "_Catch +me_," said he. + + + + +[Illustration] + +JAPANESE CHILDREN. + + +Here we have a genuine picture of Japanese _kodoma_. They are in +every-day dress, with hair and shoes just as one sees them in their own +village. There is the baby carried pickapack, and laid on the back of +its sister like a slice of meat on a sandwich. Baby's head is shaved as +smooth as one's palm, and kept so until it is two years old. Then the +next style--a little fringe of hair above the ears and one near the +neck--will be proper. The next step will be a tiny top-knot and a +circle, in addition to the ear-locks. + +All these children live on boiled rice, and they are as round and chubby +and rosy-cheeked as it is possible to be without bursting. See their +nice loose clothes, with neither a pin to stick nor a button to fly off! +They do not wear socks nor stockings, for it is not very cold in Japan. +One little tot has on a pair of straw sandals, and the girl and old man +wear clogs, held on by a strap passing between the "thumb of the foot," +as the Japs call the big toe, and its next-door neighbor. + +It would do American boys good, and set them a good example, to notice +how kind to animals Japanese children are. There is old daddy telling +his children to treat their pet kindly, and doggy knows it will be good +for him to have such playmates. See his little straw kennel made like a +tent, with a crock of water in it. I'll wager that the children will +feed the little _inu_ with tidbits from their own chopsticks. + + + + +A SEA-SIDE ADVENTURE. + +AS RELATED IN A LETTER PROM BESSIE MAYNARD TO HER DOLL CLYTEMNESTRA, +WHOM SHE LEFT AT HOME. + + + OLD ORCHARD BEACH, _July, 1880_. + +MY DEAREST CLYTEMNESTRA,--Do you miss me? and are you wondering why I do +not write? Well, my dear, writing is an impossibility when one is at the +sea-shore. You never knew such times as we are having all day long. I +must tell you, first of all, of an adventure that befell me +yesterday--not _me_ exactly, either; it _most_ befell Lucille, the +beautiful Paris doll that Fanny Bell was so proud of; and well she might +be, for a handsomer creature never walked. You remember her, of course; +the lovely Mademoiselle Lucille, as she was called, that being the +French for Miss, for it would never do to call her plain Lucille, such a +fine young lady as she was, just from France, with all the airs and +graces that belong to Paris, the politest city in the world. It's no +great wonder she was proud--Lucille, I mean--for I'm afraid most of us +would be if we looked like her. Such hair as she had, all natural curls +down below her waist; and such a _nelegant_ wardrobe, or "trooso," as +Fanny calls it. Perhaps I haven't spelled trooso right, but please +excuse it; indeed, _you_ wouldn't know whether it was right or wrong, +you are such a poor little ignorant thing. I'm ashamed of myself for +neglecting your education as I have done, when I see the dolls here, and +realize how much they know. Just as soon as I get home, we'll begin with +regular lessons every day. It isn't _your_ fault, you sweet lamb, that +you don't know anything. _I_ am the only one to blame, and I'll try to +make up for lost time when I come home. + +But, dear me, how I do run on, without telling you a word of the +adventure. The "sad sea waves" put all sorts of ideas into my mind, and +I get terribly confused. I heard a lady sing last night about the "sad +sea waves," and I think it sounds prettier than "the ocean"--don't you? +Well, to begin at the beginning: Yesterday morning Fanny Bell, Dora +Mason, and I went down to the beach as usual, Mademoiselle Lucille +walking along by her mamma, just like a real live beautiful child. We +scooped holes in the warm sand, and made caves, and then we built the +Pyramids. _They_ are in Egypt, you know, curiosities that people go to +see; but we make them of sand, so they look just exactly like the +pictures, "Sfinks" and all. Perhaps you don't know what the "Sfinks" is, +but I will tell you some day, when I begin your education, my poor +Clytemnestra. + +Well, at last we wanted to go round the point to pick some wild +morning-glories, so we sat Lucille up on a kind of throne behind the +Pyramids, and left her. We were only gone a little bit of a while, but +what do you think? when we came back the tide was in, and the sad sea +waves had washed away Pyramids, Sfinks, Lucille, and all! Oh, the +despair we were in! Poor Fanny jumped right up and down, and screeched, +and then sinking down upon the sand, as the story-books say, "she buried +her face in her hands, and wept as if her heart would break." All at +once I saw something bobbing around, and if there wasn't Lucille about +four feet from the shore, fastened to a rock by the flounce of her pink +satin dress! Fanny shrieked aloud, but Dora and I seized a pole, and +after working a long, long time, we managed to fish her out of the +water. Here is a picture that I have drawn to show you how we looked in +our awful excitement. + +[Illustration] + +Lucille is frightfully pale to-day, and her curls are gone forever. She +is a bald-headed "faded beauty," as a gentleman truly said when he saw +her this morning. When I look at her, and remember how fine she used to +think herself, I can't help saying, "Well, my dear, 'pride must have a +fall.'" I pity her, though, from the very bottom of my heart, for it +must be dreadful to be so changed, and all of a sudden, too. I guess we +sha'n't have to be so particular any more about calling her +"Mademoiselle." + +I can not be thankful enough that I left you at home, my sweet Clytie. +The sea-shore is a lovely place for children who know how to take care +of themselves, but 'tis dreadful dangerous for _dolls_. + +And now good-night, my pet. + + Your loving mamma, + BESSIE MAYNARD. + +P.S.--Dora has just come in to say that Fanny has changed Mademoiselle's +name, and hereafter she is to be called "Jane." Poor thing! + + + + +[Illustration: A BABE IN THE WOODS--"I 'ANT TO DO HOME!"] + + + + +[Illustration: OUR POST-OFFICE BOX.] + + + SYRACUSE, NEBRASKA. + + We have taken YOUNG PEOPLE ever since it was published, and we + like it very much. I think "The History of Photogen and Nycteris" + was the best story of all, but sister Addie likes "Across the + Ocean" best, because it teaches her geography. + + I have no brother, but three sisters. Addie is thirteen, Mabel is + nine, and Sadie is five. I was eleven yesterday. + + I live on a farm in Eastern Nebraska, and I take care of the + little chickens and turkeys for mamma. I like to do it, for they + are so cunning. + + I think that the Tree Album would be nice, and I am going to make + one. There are a great many trees here. And we have many birds and + pretty birds' eggs. I would like to preserve some eggs, only I + don't know how. I would be glad if some correspondent would tell + me the best way. + + I have no pets but cats and kittens, and there are so many of + those that mamma votes them a nuisance. + + GEORGINE D. + + * * * * * + + POULTNEY, VERMONT. + + I am ten years old, and my uncle Charlie takes YOUNG PEOPLE for my + sister Daisy and me. + + I have a pretty kitty named Dusty, Carlo, a big dog, and Petite, a + canary. + + We are going to camp out at the Lake in July. Last summer we had a + tent, but we are going to have a cottage this year. + + H. M. C. + + * * * * * + + ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY. + + I am seven years old. I am living with my grandma in the country. + I have thirteen children. They all eat at one table. Minnie, + Flora, Daisy, Tally, Mamie, Allie, Lulu, Jennie, Lillie, Annie, + Pinkey-Ketto, Harry, and Johnny. My papa likes Daisy best, but I + like Minnie. + + I have a pet cat named Chubby, a chicken named Drabee, and a hen + named Coachee. Uncle has a horse named Dolly, that eats sugar out + of my hand, and always when she goes by the window she looks up + for a lump of sugar. + + I made a little pie a few days ago, which was said to be very + good. + + My papa reads me the stories and letters in YOUNG PEOPLE, and I + thought I ought to write a letter too. + + GRACIE. + + * * * * * + + STANBRIDGE, CANADA. + + I am seven years old, and I have a sister twelve years old. + HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE was a Christmas present from our grandpa. I + read all the letters in the Post-office Box every week, and I like + them the best. + + I have a pet dog I call Nestor. He is a spaniel. And I have a + bantam hen which has five little chickens. I have also two dear + little kittens that I found in the wood-shed. + + I am going to school this summer, and I like my studies very much. + On my way from school to-day I stopped and picked some + strawberries. They are just getting ripe. + + JANET M. G. + + * * * * * + + TRENTON, NEW JERSEY. + + I am a little girl six years old, and I am going to write and + spell this letter all myself. I have three brothers, but no + sister. The youngest is a baby one year old. We have a puppy named + Nip, and he is full of fun. The other day Lewis was pulling me in + our express wagon, and Nip ran after us as if the cart was a + carriage and he a grown-up dog. + + We are going to the sea-shore this summer, where we expect to have + a nice time playing in the sand. + + FANNY S. S. + + * * * * * + + CANTON, ILLINOIS. + + I tried Bessie L. S.'s recipe for doll's cup-cake, and I thought + it was very nice. I have a little brother and a little sister + younger than myself. I am eleven. I am always glad when papa + brings me home my YOUNG PEOPLE. I think it is a very nice paper. + + MAGGIE M. + + * * * * * + + FRANKLIN, OHIO. + + My papa made me a Christmas present of YOUNG PEOPLE, and I like it + so much. + + I have three pets. One is a little black dog named Aristotle. We + call him Tot for short. I have a little kitty named Malty, and an + old cat named Tabby. They play very pretty together. I have two + nice dolls. One is very handsome. My papa brought her from Paris, + and I called her Rosa Bell. The other one's name is Stella. + + I live on a hill, and we have beautiful views of the sunset. + + ETTA D. + + * * * * * + + CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS. + + I am making a collection of birds' eggs. My brother sent some eggs + to Alice Paine. I hope she will receive them safely. + + We have two cats; one of them is fifteen years old; he is a pure + Maltese, with the exception of a few white hairs under his chin. + We have a little gray squirrel too, and he is so tame that when my + brother opens the door of his cage he will jump out and run all + over him. + + I should like to know if English sparrows build in trees as robins + do. + + DAISY R. + +English sparrows build in little houses, if kind hands provide them, +otherwise they seek out any cozy corner wherever there is a shelf upon +which to lodge their nest. They never build in trees. You will find an +article about them in YOUNG PEOPLE No. 14. + + * * * * * + + SEDALIA, MISSOURI. + + I wish to tell Rebecca H. that I tried her recipe for candy, and + found it just splendid. I will send Puss Hunter's club a recipe + for butter-scotch, and I hope Rebecca H. will also try it, and + like it as well as I did hers. I wish she would let me know if she + thinks it is good. Here is the recipe: Three table-spoonfuls of + molasses, two of sugar, two of water, one of butter; add a pinch + of soda before pouring out to cool. + + KITTIE G. + + * * * * * + + BROOKLYN, NEW YORK. + + Here is a recipe for apple-cake for Puss Hunter. Take one pint + bowl of apples, pare, core, and chop them; then add three cups of + cold water, one cup of sugar, one table-spoonful of butter. Bake + about twenty minutes in a quick oven. + + L. GRACE P. + +Is this mixture intended as a filling for pie-crust, or as apple jam? In +writing out recipes, our young housekeepers must be very careful to omit +nothing, and to explain all details, as a slight error may ruin a +delicious dish. + + * * * * * + + HARTFORD, OHIO. + + I like HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE so much that I wish it would come + every day. + + Here is a recipe for Puss Hunter. I call it maple candy. One and a + half cups of maple syrup, and one-fourth of a cup of vinegar. When + I think it is done, I pour it into a buttered dish to cool. Then I + pull it till it becomes white. I tried R. C. W.'s recipe for + candy, and I think it is very nice. I would like to be a member of + the cooking club. + + We have two pet bird dogs, two robins, and a canary, and I have + about seventy-five little chickens. + + MAUD K. + + * * * * * + + SEDALIA, MISSOURI. + + I have taken YOUNG PEOPLE from the first number, and I like it + very much. + + I have a mocking-bird that is only five weeks old, and I have to + feed it. + + Here is a recipe for ginger cookies for the cooking club: One cup + of lard; one cup New Orleans molasses; one cup New Orleans sugar; + two eggs; two-thirds of a cup of boiling-hot water poured over a + heaping tea-spoonful of soda, and a little salt. Ginger to taste. + + ABBIE R. + + * * * * * + + PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA. + + My sister and I tried Fanny S.'s recipe for caramels. The candy + was very nice. Here is a recipe for Shrewsbury cake for the + cooking club: One cup of butter; three cups of sugar; one and + one-half pints of flour; three eggs; one tea-spoonful of royal + baking powder; one cup of milk; one tea-spoonful of royal extract + of rose. Rub the butter and sugar to a smooth white cream; add the + eggs one at a time, beating five minutes between each; then add + the flour, well sifted, with the powder and the extract. Add the + milk last, and heat until the batter is light and thoroughly + mixed. Bake in well-greased cake moulds about forty minutes in a + quick oven. + + FLORENCE MCC. + + * * * * * + +FRANK F. R. sends a recipe for caramels to the cooking club, which is +the same as the one from Fanny S. in Post-office Box No. 31, with the +addition of three table-spoonfuls of flour. + + * * * * * + + RYE, NEW YORK. + + We have about fifty pigeons, and a whole flock of hens, chickens, + turkeys, and guinea-fowls. I have a flower garden, and some lovely + rose-bushes. I wish some correspondent could tell me how to kill + the rose-bugs, and how to tame my pigeons. I am nine years old. + + ANNA S. + + * * * * * + + We moved up in the country the 1st of April. I like YOUNG PEOPLE + very much, especially the story of "The Moral Pirates," and the + Post-office Box. + + I have a little Shetland pony. I called her Bessy. She is less + than four feet high. She likes to eat corn. + + What can I feed my turtles on? + + I am collecting postage stamps, and would like to exchange. + + MALCOLM STUART, + Rye, Westchester County, New York. + +If you will read former numbers of the Post-office Box, you will find +full directions for feeding turtles. + + * * * * * + + If all the readers of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE like to read it as + well as I do, they like it well enough to take it forever. Nearly + all of the correspondents write about their pets, but I have not + one, except my little baby brother, who is nicer to me than all + the pets in the world. We have a few roses in bloom, but they are + almost all faded now. + + If John H. B., of Greensburg, Kentucky, can spare any of his flint + arrow-heads, I would be very thankful for one or two, because I + never saw but one in my life. I am fourteen years old. + + WINIFRED J. YORK, + Fort Scott, Bourbon County, Kansas. + + * * * * * + + I have been making a collection of birds' eggs for about two + months, and I have forty-seven different kinds. If any one living + in the far West or South would exchange eggs with me, I would be + much pleased. + + WALLACE ROSS, + Lock Box 97, Rutland, Vermont. + + * * * * * + + I am making a collection of birds' eggs, and if any correspondent + will send me some plainly marked, I will send some in return. I am + also collecting postmarks, and if any one is doing the same, I + would be happy to exchange. + + JAMES A. SNEDEKER, + 60 Asylum Street, New Haven, Connecticut. + + * * * * * + + I would like to exchange postage stamps with Sidney St. W. if he + will send me his full name, and a list of what stamps he would + like. I live at No 26 West Nineteenth Street, New York city, but + during the summer my address is, + + JOHN RICE BLAKE, + Old Cliff House, Newport, Rhode Island. + + * * * * * + + I am making a collection of pens. I have seventy-seven different + kinds, and if any little boys or girls have any strange or rare + specimens of pens they do not wish to keep, I wish they would + kindly send them to me. + + R. COMFORT, Franklin Avenue, + near 169th Street, New York City. + + * * * * * + + I think YOUNG PEOPLE is a real nice paper for girls and boys. + Whenever it comes I always read all the letters in the Post-office + Box, and I thought I would write too, and tell you about our pet + colt. It follows papa all round, and once it went after him clear + up in town, and into a store. When it was born its mother died, so + papa has to raise it the best way he can. One time he let it run + round for a little exercise, and when he wanted to put it in the + stable, the colt put its fore-feet on the gate and tried to jump + over, but its hind-foot caught, and it turned a comical somersault + in the air. + + I would like to exchange pressed leaves with any of the + correspondents of Our Post-office Box. + + WILLIE HUGHES, + P. O. Box 301, Greenville, Ohio. + + * * * * * + + ALTOONA, PENNSYLVANIA. + + I am always very glad when my HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE comes. + + I have a little dog named Pompey, and he is a very cunning little + dog. I have had him ever since he was a little puppy. We have + splendid races over the lawn together. Some time I will tell you + more about him. I am nine years old. From your affectionate little + reader, + + BLANCHE T. + + * * * * * + +H. SUTHERLAND.--The engraving of "A Little Miser," in YOUNG PEOPLE No. +33, is after an oil-painting by Adrien Marie, a French artist. + + * * * * * + +I. O.--There is a very good swimming school at the Battery, New York +city. + + * * * * * + + JERSEY CITY HEIGHTS, NEW JERSEY. + + I was interested in the article about the "New York Prison-Ships," + and I think that many of the correspondents who live far away + would be interested to know what has been done in New York in + commemoration of the Old Sugar-house Revolutionary martyrs. Not + long ago I was walking past Trinity Church yard with my father, + when the largest and most beautiful monument attracted my + attention, and I asked papa to take me in the church-yard to see + it. When I got close to it I saw that it was a massive structure + with Gothic openings. It is fully sixty-feet high and twenty feet + square, with fine carvings, and of beautiful workmanship. On one + side is an inscription stating that the monument was erected in + memory of the patriots who suffered as prisoners and died in the + Old Sugar-House. It was paid for by private subscription. If any + correspondents from a distance visit New York, they will be + interested to see this monument in Trinity Church yard, for the + sake of the noble heroes to whose memory it was erected. + + EDDIE A. L. + +Correspondents will also be interested to know that the ashes of the +prison-ship martyrs now rest in a handsome tomb built in the hill-side +of Fort Greene, Brooklyn--a pretty grassy spot, now known as Washington +Park. As these brave men died, they were taken ashore and buried in the +swampy land forming the shore of Wallabout Bay. There they lay until +1808, when they were removed to a vault near the Brooklyn Navy-yard. In +time this vault became very much dilapidated, and was almost forgotten, +until in 1855 the question of removing the remains to a more suitable +resting-place began to be agitated by the citizens of Brooklyn. Nothing, +however, was done for some years, when finally the Legislature of New +York appropriated a sum for the building of the tomb on Fort Greene, to +which place the coffins were removed in the spring of 1873. + + * * * * * + +ISABELLA S. R.--In preparing ferns for skeleton-leaf bouquets it is not +necessary to place them in the macerating bowl before bleaching, as the +texture of the fern is so delicate as to be ruined by maceration. Before +bleaching, the fern should be pressed, and as it becomes dry and +brittle, more care is required in the bleaching process than for +skeleton leaves. Hang your sprays in the jar, and fill gently with warm +water. Then pour in the bleaching solution in the proportion of half a +tea-cupful to a pint of water. Allow the jar, which must be covered +tightly, to stand in a warm place about twenty-four hours. The liquid +should then be renewed. It will take several days for the ferns to begin +to whiten. They must then be watched carefully, and each spray removed +as soon as it attains the required whiteness. The spray must then be +washed carefully in a basin of clean warm water, and floated on to a +sheet of paper, after the manner followed in pressing sea-weeds. It +should then be kept under pressure away from the air until you are ready +to make your bouquet, as otherwise it has a tendency to curl. Do not be +discouraged if you fail in your first attempts, as much experience is +needed to render the bleaching of ferns a success. + + * * * * * + +W. D. V.--In the outer wall of St. Mark's Church, Stuyvesant Street, New +York, is the original tablet from the tomb of Peter Stuyvesant, who was +buried in the family vault within the old church which formerly stood on +the site of the present edifice. On this tablet is inscribed the fact +that Petrus Stuyvesant died in August, 1682, aged eighty years. + + * * * * * + +JASPER B.--The insect called the death-watch is a small beetle that +perforates the small round holes often seen in old furniture or in the +panelling of old houses. If one of these beetles be concealed in a +panel, it will reveal itself by ticking in answer to any gentle tapping +on the wood-work. + + * * * * * + +Favors are acknowledged from F. K. Reasoner, Eva and Ella, Carter +Colquitt, Harry B. McGraw, Johnny R. Glen, Mabel Lowell, Julian Gresham, +Alma Hoffman, Claire B., Mantie Miller, Millie Etta Martin. + + * * * * * + +Correct answers to puzzles are received from Cora Frost, Graham B., +Beryl Abbott, Charles F. Crane, Harry Starr Kealhofer, George W. +Raymond, Marion E. Norcross, Eddie S. Hequembourg, Dora Williams, Albert +E. Seibert, George Volckhausen, Eddie A. Leet. + + * * * * * + +PUZZLES FROM YOUNG CONTRIBUTORS. + +No. 1. + +DECAPITATION. + + My whole is a fish, but if you behead + An exclamation will be left instead. + Behead again, and you will behold + A craft that was famous in days of old. + + A. H. E. + + * * * * * + +No. 2. + +ENIGMA. + + My first is in odor, but not in scent. + My second is in strike, but not in dent. + My third is in man, but not in boy. + My fourth is in modest, but not in coy. + My fifth is in cover, but not in lid. + My sixth is in done, but not in did. + My seventh is in sound, but not in ring. + My whole is a sparkling, beautiful thing. + + C. H. C. + + * * * * * + +No. 3. + +WORD SQUARE. + +First, to rush. Second, a surface. Third, to close. Fourth, a glory. + + W. A. + + * * * * * + +No. 4. + +DIAMOND. + +In crystal. An animal. To delay. To attempt. In crystal. + + H. S. P. + + * * * * * + +No. 5. + +GEOGRAPHICAL DOUBLE ACROSTIC + +An English town celebrated for its naval arsenal. An Italian maritime +city. A Spanish sea-port. A city of Prussia celebrated for its royal +gardens. A volcano in San Salvador. A Scottish sea-port. A South +American republic. Answer--Two seas lying east of Europe. + + C. P. T. + + * * * * * + +No. 6. + +NUMERICAL CHARADE. + + I am composed of 15 letters. + My 4, 13, 9, 5 is contemptible. + My 10, 8, 7 is an animal. + My 15, 3, 14 is to strike. + My 12, 5, 9, 14 is what plumbers do to my 11, 1, 2, 10, 5, 6. + My whole was a distinguished author. + + A. S. W. (10 years). + + * * * * * + +ANSWERS TO PUZZLES IN NO. 34. + +No. 1. + + A + A S P + A S T E R + P E A + R + +No. 2. + +Madison. + +No. 3. + + G R A I N + R O N D O + A N G E R + I D E A S + N O R S E + +No. 4. + +1. Fashionable. 2. Machinator. 3. Eliminated. 4. Inheritance. 5. +Stenography. 6. Faithfulness. + +No. 5. + + W illia M + Y edd O + O nio N + M oun T + I ow A + N apki N + G il A + +Wyoming, Montana. + +No. 6. + +Walter Scott. + +A Latin Word Square, on page 488: + + O M E N + M A R E + E R A M + N E M O + + + + +ADVERTISEMENTS. + + + + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE. + +HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE will be issued every Tuesday, and may be had at +the following rates--_payable in advance, postage free_: + + SINGLE COPIES $0.04 + ONE SUBSCRIPTION, _one year_ 1.50 + FIVE SUBSCRIPTIONS, _one year_ 7.00 + +Subscriptions may begin with any Number. When no time is specified, it +will be understood that the subscriber desires to commence with the +Number issued after the receipt of order. + +Remittances should be made by POST-OFFICE MONEY ORDER or DRAFT, to avoid +risk of loss. + +ADVERTISING. + +The extent and character of the circulation of HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE +will render it a first-class medium for advertising. A limited number of +approved advertisements will be inserted on two inside pages at 75 cents +per line. + + Address + HARPER & BROTHERS, + Franklin Square, N. Y. + + + + +FISHING OUTFITS. + +CATALOGUE FREE. + +R. SIMPSON, 132 Nassau Street, N. Y. + + + + +OUR CHILDREN'S SONGS. + + * * * * * + +Our Children's Songs. Illustrated. 8vo, Ornamental Cover, $1.00. + + * * * * * + +Songs for the nursery, songs for childhood, for girlhood, boyhood, +and sacred songs--the whole melody of childhood and youth bound in +one cover. Full of lovely pictures; sweet mother and baby faces; +charming bits of scenery, and the dear old Bible story-telling +pictures.--_Churchman_, N. Y. + + * * * * * + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + +HARPER & BROTHERS will send the above work by mail, postage prepaid, to +any part of the United States, on receipt of the price. + + + + +ELEMENTARY EDUCATION. + +Books for the School and Family. + + * * * * * + +ARITHMETIC. + +FRENCH'S FIRST LESSONS IN NUMBERS. First Lessons in Numbers, in their +Natural Order: First, _Visible Objects_; Second, _Concrete Numbers_; +Third, _Abstract Numbers_. By JOHN H. FRENCH, LL.D. Illustrated. 16mo, +Half Leather, 25 cents. + +FRENCH'S ELEMENTARY ARITHMETIC FOR THE SLATE. Elementary Arithmetic for +the Slate, in which Methods and Rules are based upon Principles +established by Induction. By JOHN H. FRENCH, LL.D. Ill'd. 16mo, Half +Leather, 37 cts. + +FRENCH'S MENTAL ARITHMETIC. Mental Arithmetic, in which Combinations of +Numbers, Solutions of Problems, and Principles of Arithmetical Analysis +are based upon the Laws of Mental Development. By JOHN H. FRENCH, LL.D. +Illustrated. 16mo, Half Leather, 36 cents. + +NATURAL SCIENCE. + +FIRST LESSONS IN NATURAL HISTORY AND LANGUAGE. Entertaining and +Instructive Lessons in Natural History and Language for Primary and +Grammar Schools. 12mo, Cloth, 35 cents. + +THE CHILD'S BOOK OF NATURE. The Child's Book of Nature, for the Use of +Families and Schools: intended to aid Mothers and Teachers in Training +Children in the Observation of Nature. In Three Parts. Part I. Plants. +Part II. Animals. Part III. Air, Water, Heat, Light, &c. By WORTHINGTON +HOOKER, M.D. Illustrated. The Three Parts complete in One Volume, Small +4to, Half Leather, $1.12; or, separately, in Cloth, Part I., 45 cents; +Part II., 48 cents; Part III., 48 cents. + +HOOKER'S FIRST BOOK IN CHEMISTRY. A First Book in Chemistry. By +WORTHINGTON HOOKER, M.D. Ill'd. Revised. Square 4to, Cloth, 48 cts. + +FARADAY'S CHEMISTRY OF A CANDLE. Chemistry of a Candle. A Course of Six +Lectures on the Chemical History of a Candle, to which is added a +Lecture on Platinum. By M. FARADAY. Edited by W. CROOKES. Illustrated. +16mo, Cloth, $1.00. + +FARADAY'S PHYSICAL FORCES. Physical Forces. A Course of Six Lectures on +the Various Forces of Matter, and their Relations to Each Other. By M. +FARADAY. Edited by W. CROOKES. Illustrated. 16mo, Cloth, $1.00. + +FRENCH AND GERMAN. + +FRENCH PRINCIPIA, PART I. A First French Course: containing Grammar, +Delectus, and Exercise-Book, with Vocabularies. On the Plan of Dr. +Smith's _Principia Latina_. 12mo, Cloth, 50 cents. + +FRENCH PRINCIPIA, PART II. A First French Reading-Book. Containing +Fables, Anecdotes, Inventions, Discoveries, Natural History, and French +History. With Grammatical Questions, Notes, and a Copious Etymological +Dictionary. On the Plan of Dr. Smith's _Principia Latina_. 12mo, Cloth, +80 cents. + +GERMAN PRINCIPIA, PART I. A First German Course. Containing Grammar, +Delectus, Exercise-Book, and Vocabularies. On the Plan of Dr. Smith's +_Principia Latina_. 12mo, Cloth, 50 cents. + +GERMAN PRINCIPIA, PART II. A First German Reading-Book. Containing +Fables, Anecdotes, Natural History, German History, and a Comedy. With +Grammatical Questions, Notes, and a Dictionary. On the Plan of Dr. +Smith's _Principia Latina_. 12mo, Cloth, 80 cents. + +COMFORT'S GERMAN PRIMER. A German Primer. By GEORGE F. COMFORT, A.M. +12mo, Half Leather, 50 cents. + +COMFORT'S FIRST BOOK IN GERMAN. A First Book in German. By GEORGE F. +COMFORT, A.M. 12mo, Half Leather, 60 cents. + +COMFORT'S FIRST GERMAN READER. The First German Reader: to succeed the +"First Book in German." By GEORGE F. COMFORT, A.M. 12mo, Cloth, 50 +cents. + +OBJECT LESSONS. + +WILLSON'S MANUAL OF OBJECT LESSONS. A Manual of Information and +Suggestions for Object Lessons, in a Course of Elementary Instruction. +By MARCIUS WILLSON. 12mo, Cloth, $1.00. + +CALKINS'S PRIMARY OBJECT LESSONS. Primary Object Lessons, for Training +the Senses and Developing the Faculties of Children. A Manual of +Elementary Instruction for Parents and Teachers. By N. A. CALKINS. +Fifteenth Edition. Rewritten and Enlarged. 12mo, Cloth, $1.00. + + * * * * * + +Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York. + +_Sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, on +receipt of the price._ + + + + +[Illustration] + +OUR LOUIE. + +BY M. D. BRINE. + + + What in the world is our Louie about? + Studying her lessons, I haven't a doubt; + Filling her brain with useful lore, + Thinking and reading o'er and o'er + Ancient history--many a story + Of battle and conquest and warlike glory; + Or maybe 'tis only a difficult rule + Which has followed our student home from school. + + Wise little maiden with golden hair, + Brown-eyed, winsome, loving, and fair! + Not even the sunbeams so merry and gay + Can tempt the young scholar from lessons away. + Not even _our_ presence she seems to heed-- + An industrious girl is our Louie, indeed. + I'll venture to say such a wonderful lass + Is sure to be always "up head" in her class. + + I'll frankly acknowledge I'd like to see + What a lesson so truly absorbing can be; + Over her shoulder I'll take one look, + And--dear me, children, what kind of a book + Do you think she is studying? History?--no. + Much as it grieves me to tell you so, + Little cares she for its ancient glory, + For Louie is deep in--a _fairy story_! + + * * * * * + + +[Illustration: SOLUTION OF THE MISSING-LINK PUZZLE IN _YOUNG PEOPLE_ No. +34.] + + * * * * * + +=The Catacombs of Paris.=--The vast catacombs by which a large portion +of the city of Paris is undermined were only known by popular tradition +until the year 1774, when some alarming accidents aroused the attention +of the government. The old quarries were then surveyed, and plans of +them taken, and the result was the frightful discovery that the +churches, palaces, and most of the southern parts of Paris were +undermined, and in great danger of sinking into the pit below them. A +special commission was appointed, and on the very day it met, a house in +one of the streets sunk ninety-one feet below the level of its +court-yard. The pillars which had been left by the quarry-men, in their +blind operations, without any regularity, were in many places too weak +for the enormous weight above, and in most places had themselves been +undermined, or perhaps originally stood upon ground which had previously +been hollowed. The aqueduct of Arcueil passed over this treacherous +ground; it had already suffered some shocks, and if the quarries had +continued to be neglected, an accident must sooner or later have +happened to this water-course, which would have cut off its supply from +the fountains of Paris, and have filled the excavations with water. +Repairs were forthwith commenced, and promptly completed, and a portion +of the old quarries was devoted to receive the bones of the dead. This +took place in April, 1786; the remains of the dead were removed at night +in funeral cars, covered with a pall, and followed by priests chanting +the service for the dead. When they reached the catacombs, the bones +were shot down a well, and the rattling and echoing which they made in +their fall were as impressive as any sound ever heard by human ears. +Thus the limestone quarries that had supplied the materials for building +the superb monuments, palaces, and houses of Paris became huge +charnel-houses, which they now remain! Calculations differ as to the +number of bones collected in the catacombs, but it is certain that they +contain the remains of at least _three millions_ of human beings! + + + + +[Illustration: RETRIBUTION--A WARNING TO STONE-THROWING BOYS.] + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Young People, July 13, 1880, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, JULY 13, 1880 *** + +***** This file should be named 29034.txt or 29034.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/9/0/3/29034/ + +Produced by Annie McGuire + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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