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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Surrender of Napoleon, by 
+Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Surrender of Napoleon
+       Being the narrative of the surrender of Buonaparte, and
+       of his residence on board H.M.S. Bellerophon, with a detail
+       of the principal events that occurred in that ship between
+       the 24th of May and the 8th of August 1815
+
+Author: Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland
+
+Editor: William Kirk Dickson
+
+Release Date: May 23, 2009 [EBook #28934]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SURRENDER OF NAPOLEON ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by StevenGibbs, Christine P. Travers and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE
+
+  SURRENDER OF NAPOLEON
+
+
+  BEING THE
+
+  NARRATIVE OF THE SURRENDER OF BUONAPARTE, AND
+  OF HIS RESIDENCE ON BOARD H.M.S. BELLEROPHON,
+  WITH A DETAIL OF THE PRINCIPAL EVENTS THAT
+  OCCURRED IN THAT SHIP BETWEEN THE 24th OF MAY
+  AND THE 8th OF AUGUST 1815
+
+
+  BY
+
+  REAR-ADMIRAL SIR FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND, K.C.B.
+
+
+
+
+  _A NEW EDITION EDITED, WITH A MEMOIR OF THE AUTHOR, BY_
+  WILLIAM KIRK DICKSON
+
+  WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS
+  EDINBURGH AND LONDON
+  MCMIV
+
+  _All Rights reserved_
+
+
+
+
+NOTE.
+
+
+After Sir Frederick Maitland's death in 1839 his papers passed into
+the hands of Lady Maitland, who liferented his property of Lindores in
+Fife until her death in 1865. They then passed with the property to
+Sir Frederick's nephew, Captain James Maitland, R.N., and on his death
+to his brother, Rear-Admiral Lewis Maitland, my father, from whom they
+came to me.
+
+The preparation of the present volume has been undertaken by Mr.
+Dickson at my request.
+
+                                             FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND.
+
+LINDORES, _December 9, 1903_.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+"You are publishing a great and interesting national document.... The
+whole narrative is as fine, manly, and explicit an account as ever was
+given of so interesting a transaction." So wrote Sir Walter Scott to
+Captain Maitland after reading the manuscript of his _Narrative of the
+Surrender of Buonaparte_. It is undoubtedly a historical document of
+the first importance, not only as a record of "words by an eyewitness"
+of an ever-memorable event, but as a vindication of the good faith of
+the British Government in its conduct towards Napoleon.
+
+In his Preface to the original edition, published by Henry Colburn in
+1826, Sir Frederick Maitland wrote:--
+
+"Immediately after the extraordinary and interesting events took place
+which are here recorded, I was, by the earnest solicitations of my
+friends, induced to throw together the notes and memoranda in my
+possession, of the proceedings in which I bore so prominent a part. I
+was further led to undertake this task, so foreign to my usual
+occupations, in consequence of the many misrepresentations that
+appeared at that time, respecting the conduct of Buonaparte while on
+board the ship I commanded, as well as my treatment of him.
+
+"The following Narrative was then written solely for the private
+perusal of my friends, and not with a view to publication, many
+reasons combining, at that time, in my opinion, to render such a
+measure inexpedient.
+
+"I made it my study to state events exactly as they occurred, and, in
+doing so, to avoid, as much as possible, all prejudice, either
+against or in favour of the extraordinary man whom it was my fortune
+to secure and bring to this country. It may appear surprising that a
+possibility could exist of a British officer being prejudiced in
+favour of one who had caused so many calamities to his country; but to
+such an extent did he possess the power of pleasing, that there are
+few people who could have sat at the same table with him for nearly a
+month, as I did, without feeling a sensation of pity, allied perhaps
+to regret, that a man possessed of so many fascinating qualities, and
+who had held so high a station in life, should be reduced to the
+situation in which I saw him.
+
+"Although many of the causes for withholding my Narrative from the
+public eye have long been removed, I had no intention of bringing it
+forward, until by accident it fell into the hands of a most celebrated
+literary character [Sir Walter Scott]. He did me the honour, on
+returning it, to express an opinion which I was not at all prepared to
+expect, and so strongly to recommend its being published, that however
+averse to appearing as an author, I have been induced, under the
+sanction of such high authority, to present it to the public."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The text and notes of the edition of 1826 have been reprinted
+verbatim.
+
+Sir Walter Scott's notes on the MS. of the Narrative are among the
+papers at Lindores. They consist chiefly of verbal criticisms on Sir
+Frederick's original rough draft. Unfortunately it is no longer in
+existence, and most of Sir Walter's notes cannot be followed without
+it. A few of his comments are printed as footnotes, in square
+brackets, and a portion of his MS. is reproduced in facsimile at page
+230.
+
+A sketch of Sir Frederick's life, chiefly based on the journals at
+Lindores, has been prefixed to the Narrative.
+
+The Appendix of the original edition has been printed, with an
+additional Appendix, consisting of (1) a list of the officers serving
+on board the _Bellerophon_ in July 1815, supplied by the courtesy of
+the Secretary to the Admiralty; (2) an unpublished letter from one of
+the assistant-surgeons of the _Bellerophon_, giving an account of
+Napoleon's surrender, recently acquired by the British Museum; and (3)
+several extracts from _Memoirs of an Aristocrat, by a Midshipman of
+the Bellerophon_. This extraordinary book, published in 1838, was
+written by George Home, son of Lieutenant A. Home, R.N., who on the
+death of the last Earl of Marchmont claimed the Marchmont peerage. It
+contained violent attacks on various persons connected with the family
+of Home of Wedderburn, and in particular on Admiral Sir David Milne of
+Milne-Graden and Lady Milne. An action was raised against the author
+and publishers, and damages were awarded against the former. The book
+was withdrawn from circulation, and is now extremely scarce. Home
+served as a midshipman on board the _Bellerophon_, and his
+"hair-brained narrative," as he calls it, adds some interesting
+details to his captain's record.
+
+The frontispiece is from a portrait of Sir Frederick, painted by
+Samuel Woodford, R.A., and engraved by Henry Meyer. The original is
+now at Lindores.
+
+The portrait of Lady Maitland at page lxviii is from a miniature at
+Lindores. This is the miniature which hung in the cabin of the
+_Bellerophon_, and which was seen and commented on by Napoleon.
+
+The chart at page 1 is a slightly reduced copy of that in the original
+edition.
+
+The portrait of Napoleon at page 68 is from a sketch made on board the
+_Bellerophon_ by Colonel Planat, _officier d'ordonnance_ to the
+Emperor, and given by him to Captain Maitland.
+
+Mr Orchardson's well-known picture is reproduced at page 108, by
+permission of the Fine Art Company. It contains portraits of most of
+the chief personages of the story.
+
+The picture of the _Bellerophon_ at Plymouth at page 132 is
+reproduced, by permission of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty,
+from the original by J. J. Chalon, R.A., now in the Painted Hall at
+Greenwich.
+
+As is mentioned at page 202 of the Narrative, Napoleon desired to
+present Captain Maitland with a box containing his portrait set in
+diamonds. On Maitland's declining, in the circumstances, to accept any
+present of value, the Emperor begged him to keep as a souvenir a
+tumbler from his travelling case, bearing the crown and cipher of the
+Empress Josephine. This relic is still preserved at Lindores. A
+photograph of it is given at page 202.
+
+                                                              W. K. D.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+                                                                  PAGE
+
+  MEMOIR OF SIR FREDERICK MAITLAND                                 xxv
+
+NARRATIVE.
+
+  [_The summary of the contents of the Narrative given here is
+  that prefixed to the original edition. Sir Walter Scott's
+  notes are printed at pp. 70, 84, 155, 165, 208, 223, 225, and
+  229._]
+
+  Captain Maitland sets sail in the _Bellerophon_, with sealed
+  instructions                                                       1
+
+  He arrives off l'Isle Dieu. Proceeds off Rochefort                 2
+
+  Reconnoitres the French ships of war under l'Isle d'Aix            3
+
+  Is joined by the _Cephalus_                                        4
+
+  Captain Maitland hears of the victory of Waterloo. On June 30
+  receives a communication, sent from Bourdeaux within a quill,
+  respecting the probable flight of Buonaparte by sea             4, 5
+
+  Blockades Rochefort, Bourdeaux, and la Teste d'Arcasson            8
+
+  Destroys his prizes                                                9
+
+  A man and boy in a flat punt saved                                10
+
+  Captain Maitland watches the frigates at l'Isle d'Aix closely     11
+
+  Receives Sir Henry Hotham's instructions              12, 13, 14, 16
+
+  The _Mouche_ schooner, with Savary and Las Cases with a flag
+  of truce, approaches the _Bellerophon_                            21
+
+  Secret orders from Sir Henry Hotham                       21, 22, 24
+
+  Letter of Count Bertrand, announcing Napoleon's intention of
+  sailing to North America                                          26
+
+  The captain's answer to Bertrand                                  29
+
+  Conversation with Savary and Las Cases                            31
+
+  Receives private information by a row-boat                        35
+
+  Captain Maitland guards the Mamusson passage                      36
+
+  The white flag is hoisted at Rochelle                         37, 38
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ fires a royal salute                            37
+
+  The French frigates appear ready to put to sea                    38
+
+  English guard-boats continue to row near the frigates             38
+
+  British flag of truce, its colour                                 39
+
+  The _Mouche_ schooner, with Las Cases and General Lallemand,
+  returns to the _Bellerophon_                                  39, 40
+
+  Communication delivered from Napoleon                             42
+
+  Captain Maitland's reply                                          42
+
+  Buonaparte stated to be at Rochefort, but is at l'Isle d'Aix      44
+
+  Design for effecting the escape of Buonaparte in a cask on
+  board of a Danish vessel                                          45
+
+  Las Cases, with General Gourgaud, returns to the _Bellerophon_    46
+
+  They bring an important letter from Bertrand                      47
+
+  List of Napoleon's suite                                          51
+
+  The Emperor's letter to H.R.H. the Prince Regent                  54
+
+  Captain Maitland promises to receive Buonaparte                   56
+
+  Captain Sartorius is despatched to England, with a letter from
+  Captain Maitland, and with General Gourgaud                       58
+
+  Advice of Buonaparte's wish to escape repeatedly given            62
+
+  July 15, Napoleon reaches the _Bellerophon_, in the barge of
+  that ship. He comes on board. His uniform described           67, 68
+
+  Napoleon cheered by the crew of _l'�pervier_                      69
+
+  His address to Captain Maitland                                   69
+
+  The ship's officers are introduced to him                         71
+
+  His small knowledge of English                                    72
+
+  He examines the _Bellerophon_                                     72
+
+  Conversations between Napoleon and Captain Maitland
+                                           73, 74, 75, 76, 90, 95, 106
+
+  Buonaparte's naval opinions                               73, 74, 77
+
+  Breakfast on board the _Bellerophon_                              78
+
+  Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham arrives off Rochefort. His
+  conference with Captain Maitland                              79, 80
+
+  The Admiral comes on board the _Bellerophon_                      81
+
+  Conversation at dinner                                            83
+
+  Buonaparte's portable library and camp bed                    82, 84
+
+  He breakfasts on board the Admiral's ship                     85, 91
+
+  Attachment for him evinced by the officers of his suite      92, 228
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ sets sail for Torbay                        93, 96
+
+  Buonaparte speaks of Sir Sydney Smith                             96
+
+  The passage to England described                        98, 105, 107
+
+  Card-parties                                                      99
+
+  The captain's despatch to Lord Keith                             100
+
+  His conversation with Countess Bertrand relative to a portrait
+  of Napoleon                                                      103
+
+  Speaks with the _Swiftsure_, Captain Webley                      104
+
+  Count Las Cases                                                  107
+
+  English coast in sight                                           107
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ anchors in Torbay                              108
+
+  Buonaparte's exclamation on viewing the shore                    108
+
+  Admiral Lord Keith's orders                                      109
+
+  English newspapers read by Napoleon                              112
+
+  Observations of Madame Bertrand                             114, 120
+
+  Persons refused admission on board the _Bellerophon_             115
+
+  Lord Keith's approval of Captain Maitland's line of conduct 116, 117
+
+  Concourse of spectators in boats                            115, 118
+
+  Remarks of Buonaparte respecting the fishermen                   119
+
+  The ships sail for Plymouth                                      119
+
+  Observations on the breakwater                                   121
+
+  Communications of civility interchanged between Buonaparte and
+  Lord Keith                                                  117, 122
+
+  Lord Keith's precautions                                    123, 125
+
+  Buonaparte complains of the guard-ships                          127
+
+  The Lords of the Admiralty approve of Captain Maitland's
+  proceedings                                                      128
+
+  Napoleon's letter to the Regent is forwarded                     129
+
+  He is considered as a general officer                            130
+
+  Orders received from the Admiralty                               130
+
+  Sir Richard and Lady Strachan come alongside the ship            131
+
+  Napoleon's compliment on seeing Mrs Maitland                     132
+
+  Admiral Lord Keith is introduced to Napoleon                     134
+
+  Repugnance of the prisoners to their banishment to St Helena
+                                                              129, 134
+
+  Crowd of boats round the ship                                    135
+
+  Buonaparte's habits on board ship                                136
+
+  Bertrand, Savary, and Lallemand fear proscription      137, 140, 142
+
+  Buonaparte informed that he was to be sent to St Helena          139
+
+  Sir Henry Bunbury visits him                                     140
+
+  He complains bitterly                                            141
+
+  He writes again to the Regent                                    142
+
+  Captain Maitland's letter favourable to Savary and Lallemand
+                                                              145, 152
+
+  Buonaparte shows himself on deck                                 147
+
+  Countess Bertrand much agitated at the thoughts of her husband
+  going to St Helena                                               149
+
+  Lallemand is reproved by Captain Maitland                        150
+
+  Buonaparte's assertion that "he would not go to St Helena"
+                                                         148, 151, 164
+
+  Extravagant conversation of the attendant generals               151
+
+  Mr O'Meara                                                       153
+
+  Countess Bertrand attempts to cast herself into the sea          153
+
+  Her retrospect of Buonaparte's conduct                      154, 156
+
+  Her impatience. She writes to Lord Keith                         155
+
+  She is overheard by the generals                                 157
+
+  Buonaparte's inquiries as to St Helena                           158
+
+  Report of an attempt to escape                                   159
+
+  Rumour of an intention of serving a Habeas Corpus to bring
+  Buonaparte ashore                                                162
+
+  Ship prepared for sea                                            162
+
+  The _Northumberland_ ordered to convey Buonaparte                162
+
+  The _Bellerophon_ weighs anchor                                  164
+
+  Service of a subpoena on Buonaparte frustrated by keeping the
+  lawyer at bay                                                    165
+
+  Note respecting writs of Habeas Corpus and subpoenas             165
+
+  Buonaparte again writes to the Regent                            168
+
+  He keeps entirely to the cabin; prepares a protest               169
+
+  Buonaparte's protest                                             170
+
+  He declares himself to be the guest of England, and no
+  prisoner                                                         171
+
+  Captain Maitland's observations thereon                          174
+
+  Conversation on this subject with Count Las Cases                176
+
+  Buonaparte speaks of the Army of the Loire, and of his party     178
+
+  Mr O'Meara requested by Buonaparte to become his surgeon         179
+
+  The _Northumberland_ in sight                                    180
+
+  Arms required to be delivered up                                 181
+
+  Lists of articles essential for the Trench officers and ladies
+  forwarded to Plymouth                                            182
+
+  Sir George Cockburn is introduced to Buonaparte                  182
+
+  Buonaparte permitted to wear his sword                           183
+
+  He requests an interview with Captain Maitland                   183
+
+  He expresses his wish of living on a small estate in England     185
+
+  He speaks in favour of Savary and Lallemand                      185
+
+  Captain Maitland's letter to Count Bertrand                      186
+
+  Lord Keith's order to the captain to deliver up General
+  Buonaparte and others                                            187
+
+  General Gourgaud                                                 190
+
+  Countess Bertrand's remonstrances                                192
+
+  A misunderstanding and reconciliation                            193
+
+  Napoleon returns thanks to Captain Maitland                      194
+
+  He speaks with regard of Count Bertrand                          195
+
+  Search of the baggage                                            196
+
+  The box of money temporarily taken charge of                     197
+
+  Parting of Buonaparte with the captain                           200
+
+  Buonaparte, accompanying Admiral Lord Keith, quits the
+  _Bellerophon_                                                    200
+
+  Count Montholon's polite intimation to Captain Maitland          201
+
+  The captain declines the present of a portrait                   202
+
+  Savary and Lallemand; their affecting parting with Napoleon in
+  the presence of Captain Maitland                                 203
+
+  The _Northumberland_ sails for St Helena                         204
+
+  Description of Napoleon Buonaparte                               205
+
+  His manners and conversation                                     206
+
+  Anecdotes                                         207, 210, 215, 216
+
+  He speaks of his wife and his son                                211
+
+  Their pictures                                              211, 212
+
+  Conversation respecting Kleber and Dessaix                       213
+
+  Napoleon's resources in money                                    214
+
+  The midshipmen act plays                                         217
+
+  Buonaparte's observations on the British cavalry, and relative
+  to the Duke of Wellington                                   218, 219
+
+  Character of Count Bertrand                                      222
+
+  Countess Bertrand, a daughter of General Dillon                  222
+
+  Savary, Duke of Rovigo, described                                224
+
+  Savary, Lallemand, and Planat are sent to Malta, and allowed
+  to go to Smyrna                                                  225
+
+  Character of Lallemand                                           225
+
+  Count and Countess Montholon                                     226
+
+  Count Las Cases and his son                                      227
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+  On what terms Captain Maitland received Buonaparte on board
+  his ship; and documents relating thereto                         231
+
+
+ADDITIONAL APPENDIX.
+
+  1. List of officers borne on the books of H.M.S. _Bellerophon_
+  in July 1815                                                     241
+
+  2. Letter from Ephraim Graebke, assistant-surgeon on board the
+  _Bellerophon_, to his mother, giving an account of Napoleon's
+  surrender, dated July 30, 1815                                   242
+
+  3. Extracts from _Memoirs of an Aristocrat, by a Midshipman of
+  the Bellerophon_ [George Home]                                   246
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS.
+
+
+  PORTRAIT OF SIR FREDERICK MAITLAND                    _Frontispiece_
+  From an engraving by Henry Meyer, after Samuel Woodford, R.A.
+
+  PORTRAIT OF LADY MAITLAND                             _At p._ lxviii
+  From a miniature at Lindores.
+
+  CHART OF THE BASQUE ROADS                               "          1
+
+  PORTRAIT OF NAPOLEON                                    "         68
+  From a sketch taken on board the _Bellerophon_ by Colonel
+  Planat.
+
+  NAPOLEON ON BOARD THE BELLEROPHON                       "        108
+  From the picture by W. Q. Orchardson, R.A., in the Tate
+  Gallery.
+
+  H.M.S. BELLEROPHON AT PLYMOUTH                          "        132
+  From the picture by J. J. Chalon, R.A., in the Painted Hall at
+  Greenwich.
+
+  TUMBLER GIVEN TO CAPTAIN MAITLAND BY NAPOLEON           "        202
+  Photograph from the original at Lindores.
+
+  FACSIMILE OF PART OF SIR WALTER SCOTT'S NOTES ON THE
+  "NARRATIVE"                                             "        230
+  Photograph from the original at Lindores.
+
+
+
+
+MEMOIR
+
+OF
+
+SIR FREDERICK LEWIS MAITLAND.
+
+
+The name of Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland has found a permanent place
+in history as that of the captor of Napoleon. Apart from the rare
+piece of good fortune which befell him in the Basque Roads in July
+1815, his distinguished career of public service entitles him to an
+honourable place in the records of the British Navy.
+
+He was the third son of Captain the Hon. Frederick Lewis Maitland,
+R.N., and was born at Rankeilour in Fife on September 7, 1777. His
+father, Captain Maitland, was the sixth son of Charles, sixth Earl of
+Lauderdale, grand-nephew of Charles II.'s famous minister, and was
+godson to Frederick Lewis, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of George
+II. He held various naval commands with distinction, served under
+Rodney in 1782, and between 1763 and 1775 commanded the royal yacht.
+He died in 1786, having been promoted rear-admiral just before his
+death. Maitland's mother, Margaret Dick, was the heiress of the family
+of Makgill of Rankeilour. The estates of that family were ultimately
+inherited by her eldest son, Charles Maitland.
+
+Young Maitland entered his father's profession at a very early age. He
+served as a midshipman, first under Captain George Duff in the
+_Martin_ sloop-of-war, and afterwards with the Hon. Robert Forbes in
+the _Southampton_ frigate, in which he was present at Lord Howe's
+great victory off Ushant on June 1, 1794,--the "glorious First of
+June." On April 5, 1795, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant,
+and appointed to the _Andromeda_, of 32 guns. From the _Andromeda_ he
+was removed to the _Venerable_, the flagship of Admiral Duncan in the
+North Sea. In April 1797 he went out to the Mediterranean to join Lord
+St Vincent.
+
+St Vincent had been a friend of his father's, and had promised to
+promote him as opportunity should occur. The flagship had her full
+complement of officers, so Maitland was appointed first lieutenant of
+the _Kingfisher_, a brig mounting 18 six-pounders and commanded by the
+Hon. Charles Herbert Pierrepont, afterwards Earl Manvers. In her he
+was present at the capture of four French privateers. With one of
+these, the _Betsey_, of 16 guns, a severe action was fought. When the
+prize-money for her capture was distributed, the crew of the
+_Kingfisher_ subscribed �50 to present Maitland with a sword in
+recognition of his conduct.
+
+Pierrepont was promoted to post rank in December 1798, and appointed
+to the _Spartiate_, one of Nelson's prizes taken at the Nile. A few
+days after his departure the _Kingfisher_, under Maitland's command,
+was leaving the Tagus, when she grounded on Lisbon bar and became a
+total wreck. Maitland was tried by court-martial at Gibraltar, and
+acquitted of all blame in connection with her loss. Immediately after
+his trial he was appointed flag-lieutenant to Lord St Vincent.
+
+On June 23, 1799, the French and Spanish fleets effected a junction
+at Cartagena, and in the following month they retired from the
+Mediterranean and took refuge in Brest. They passed the Straits of
+Gibraltar on July 7, when Maitland had an adventure which is described
+in Tucker's _Memoirs of Earl St Vincent_.
+
+"It is," he says, "an as yet untold anecdote of the presence of mind
+and courage of one of the highest-minded characters that ever adorned
+the British Navy, the late Rear-Admiral Sir Frederick Maitland.
+
+"At this period that gallant officer was Lord St Vincent's
+flag-lieutenant; and when the fleets were first descried, Johnny
+Gilpin, as his lordship used to call him, was sent to order the
+_Penelope_, a little hired cutter, to go, count, and dodge them. The
+lieutenant commanding the cutter was found too ill to utter an order.
+But Mr Maitland, well knowing his Chief, and that this was service
+which must be done, at once assumed the command, and got the vessel
+under weigh. He stood over to Ceuta. The night was so pitchy dark and
+so calm that the cutter was unperceived by the enemy, and yet so close
+among them that the words of command in French and Spanish could be
+distinctly heard. At daybreak she was about gunshot distance from the
+whole Spanish fleet. When they saw her their admiral signalled a
+number of launches to tow a brig of 14 guns to attack her, but on
+their arrival within shot from the little _Penelope_, the reception
+she astonished them with was so spirited that the enemy dropped astern
+again and retired; and a faint hope of escape appeared, for, there
+being no wind, the cutter's boats were kept ahead all the forenoon,
+towing to the southward. Then every ship in that mighty fleet, except
+one frigate, actually turned their heads to the southward to give
+chase to the cutter. But the frigate stood to the northward, and as
+the afternoon's westerly breeze got up, it brought her down under
+studding-sails near the _Penelope_, before the air had reached her.
+When she was within cable's length, the frigate opened her broadside
+fire. Mr Maitland told the cutter's crew to lie down upon the deck
+till the frigate had discharged all her guns. The men lay down very
+smartly; but when ordered to rise, splice the top-sail braces, and get
+the vessel's head about, not a man of them would stir. 'Fighting,'
+they said, 'was not their employ; they were not hired for it, and,
+should they lose a limb, there was no provision for them;' and thus
+the frigate now renewing her fire, the little _Penelope_ was taken.
+
+"To the honour of the Spanish admiral it must be added, that, having
+witnessed this bravery and heard that it was Lord St Vincent's
+flag-lieutenant that had displayed it, he sent Mr Maitland in a cartel
+to Gibraltar, declaring him free without exchange."
+
+Tucker, who wrote in 1844, was not quite correct in saying that the
+anecdote was "as yet untold." It had been given long before in
+Marshall's _Naval Biography_. Marshall mentions, among other details,
+that "the _Penelope_ had on board a sum of money intended for Minorca,
+which it was not deemed advisable to remove, under the pressing
+urgency for her immediate departure from Gibraltar. When her crew
+found there was no chance of escape from the combined fleets, they
+made an attempt to plunder the treasure, which Lieutenant Maitland
+most honourably and successfully resisted, alleging that as public
+property it was the lawful prize of the captors."
+
+Lord St Vincent returned to England in August 1799, accompanied by
+Maitland. On reaching Portsmouth he heard of an explosion of shells
+which had taken place in May on board the _Theseus_, 74, resulting in
+the death of her commander, Captain Ralph Willet Miller. A vacancy had
+thus occurred in the Mediterranean before the admiral quitted that
+station. He used his privilege as commander-in-chief and promoted
+Maitland to the rank of commander in the _Cameleon_ sloop-of-war, the
+promotion to date from June 14. Maitland at once went out to join his
+new ship, which was then on the coast of Egypt under Sir Sidney Smith.
+After the signing of the convention of El Arish he was sent home with
+despatches. He returned and regained his ship, in which he made
+several captures.
+
+On December 10, 1800, he was appointed by Lord Keith to the
+_Wassenaar_, 64. As she was then lying at Malta unfit for service, he
+obtained permission to accompany Sir Ralph Abercromby's expedition to
+Egypt.
+
+The fleet anchored in Aboukir Bay on the 2nd of March 1801. On the
+8th, Abercromby effected a landing in face of a large and strongly
+posted French force. To Maitland fell the duty of commanding the armed
+launches employed to cover the landing. The enemy were driven from
+their positions, and retired towards Alexandria with the loss of seven
+guns. Abercromby at once followed them up, and advanced on the neck of
+sand lying between the sea and the Lake of Aboukir, leaving a distance
+of about four miles between the English and French camps. On the 13th
+he again attacked the French, and forced them back upon their lines
+before Alexandria. The right flank of the British force rested on the
+sea, the left on the Lake of Aboukir, and the flanks were covered by a
+naval flotilla, the boats on the sea being under Maitland's command,
+and those on the lake under that of Captain James Hillyar. Seven days
+later Sir Sidney Smith, who commanded the naval battalion serving on
+shore, received from a friendly Arab sheikh a letter informing him
+that it was General Menou's intention to attack the British camp next
+morning. The news was thought too good to be true, as in a few days
+Abercromby would have been compelled to attack the lines of Alexandria
+under every tactical disadvantage. It was, however, confirmed, and on
+the 21st of March the battle of Alexandria was fought, the fate of
+Egypt was decided, and Abercromby received his death-wound. Maitland
+again covered the British right flank from the sea. In the detailed
+plan of the battle given in Sir Robert Wilson's _History of the
+British Expedition to Egypt_, Maitland's flotilla is shown a little to
+the west of the ruins of Nicopolis, in a position to enfilade the
+French attack. For his services on the 8th, 13th, and 21st Maitland
+received the thanks of the naval and military commanders-in-chief, and
+on March 22, the day after the battle, Sir Sidney Smith wrote to Lord
+Keith warmly commending Maitland's conduct.
+
+Maitland's post commission was confirmed by the Admiralty on the day
+of the battle of Alexandria. In the ensuing month he was appointed to
+the _Dragon_, 74, and shortly afterwards to the _Carr�re_, a French
+40-gun frigate taken near Elba. He remained in command of her in the
+Mediterranean till the Peace of Amiens.
+
+The _Carr�re_ was paid off on October 4, 1802. Eleven days afterwards
+Maitland was appointed by Lord St Vincent to the _Loire_, a fine
+46-gun frigate. War broke out again on May 18, 1803, and the _Loire_
+started on a brilliant career of captures,[1] which included the
+10-gun brig _Venteux_, cut out from under the Isle of Bas by two of
+the _Loire's_ boats, the _Braave_ privateer, and the 30-gun frigate
+_Blonde_, captured in August 1804 after a pursuit of twenty hours and
+a desperate running fight.
+
+         [Footnote 1: They are fully detailed in Marshall's _Naval
+         Biography_, vol. ii. part 1, pp. 387 _et seq._]
+
+An official letter written by Maitland in June 1805, gives us a vivid
+glimpse of frigate service in the old days:--
+
+
+_Captain Maitland to Rear-Admiral Drury, Cork._
+
+                                             LOIRE, MUROS ROAD, SPAIN,
+                                                  _June 4, 1805._
+
+SIR,--Being informed that there was a French privateer of 26 guns
+fitting out at Muros, and nearly ready for sea, it struck me, from my
+recollection of the bay (having been in it formerly, when lieutenant
+of the _Kingfisher_), as being practicable either to bring her out or
+destroy her with the ship I have the honour to command. I accordingly
+prepared yesterday evening for engaging at anchor, and appointed Mr
+Yeo, with Lieutenants Mallock and Douglas, of the marines, and Mr
+Clinch, master's-mate, to head the boarders and marines, amounting,
+officers included, to 50 men (being all that could be spared from
+anchoring the ship and working the guns), in landing and storming the
+fort, though I then had no idea its strength was so great as it has
+proved. At nine this morning, on the sea-breeze setting in, I stood
+for the bay in the ship, the men previously prepared, being in the
+boats ready to shove off. On hauling close round the point of the
+road, a small battery of 2 guns opened a fire on the ship; a few shot
+were returned; but perceiving it would annoy us considerably, from its
+situation, I desired Mr Yeo to push on shore and spike the guns;
+reminding the men of its being the anniversary of their Sovereign's
+birth, and that, for his sake, as well as their own credit, their
+utmost exertions must be used. Though such an injunction was
+unnecessary, it had a great effect in animating and raising the
+spirits of the people. As the ship drew in, and more fully opened the
+bay, I perceived a very long corvette, of 26 ports, apparently nearly
+ready for sea, and a large brig of 20 ports, in a state of fitting;
+but neither of them firing, led me to conclude they had not their guns
+on board, and left no other object to occupy my attention but a heavy
+fort, which at this moment opened to our view, within less than a
+quarter of a mile, and began a wonderfully well-directed fire, almost
+every shot taking place in the hull. Perceiving that, by standing
+further on, more guns would be brought to bear upon us, without our
+being enabled to near the fort so much as I wished, I ordered the helm
+to be put down; and when, from the way she had, we had gained an
+advantageous position, anchored with a spring, and commenced firing.
+Although I have but little doubt that, before long, we should have
+silenced the fort, yet, from the specimen they gave us, and being
+completely embrasured, it must have cost us many lives, and caused
+great injury to the ship, had not Mr Yeo's gallantry and good conduct
+soon put an end to their fire.
+
+I must now revert to him and the party under his command. Having
+landed under the small battery on the point, it was instantly
+abandoned; but hardly had he time to spike the guns, when, at the
+distance of a quarter of a mile, he perceived a regular fort, ditched,
+and with a gate, which the enemy (fortunately never suspecting our
+landing) had neglected to secure, open a fire upon the ship. Without
+waiting for orders he pushed forward, and was opposed at the inner
+gate by the Governor, with such troops as were in the town, and the
+crews of the French privateers. From the testimony of the prisoners as
+well as our own men, it appears that Mr Yeo was the first who entered
+the fort, with one blow laid the Governor dead at his feet, and broke
+his own sabre in two. The other officers were despatched by such
+officers and men of ours as were most advanced, and the narrowness of
+the gate would permit to push forward. The remainder instantly fled
+to the further end of the fort, and from the ship we could perceive
+many of them leap from the embrasures upon the rocks, a height of
+above 25 feet. Such as laid down their arms received quarter....
+
+The instant the Union was displayed at the fort, I sent and took
+possession of the enemies' vessels in the Road, consisting of the
+_Confiance_, French ship privateer, pierced for 26 twelves and nines,
+none of which, however, were on board; the _B�lier_, French privateer
+brig, pierced for 20 eighteen-pounder carronades; and a Spanish
+merchant brig in ballast. I then hoisted a flag of truce, and sent to
+inform the inhabitants of the town, that if they would deliver up such
+stores of the ship as were on shore, there would be no further
+molestation. The proposal was thankfully agreed to. I did not,
+however, think it advisable to allow the people to remain long enough
+to embark the guns, there being a large body of troops in the
+vicinity. A great many small vessels are in the bay, and hauled up on
+the beach. None of them having cargoes of any value, I conceive it an
+act of inhumanity to deprive the poorer inhabitants of the means of
+gaining their livelihood, and shall not molest them. On inspecting the
+brig, as she had only the lower rigging overhead, and was not in a
+state of forwardness, I found it impracticable to bring her away, and
+therefore set fire to her: she is now burnt to the water's edge. I
+cannot conclude my letter without giving the portion of credit that is
+their due to the officers and men on board the ship. They conducted
+themselves with the greatest steadiness and coolness; and although
+under a heavy fire, pointed their guns with the utmost precision,
+there being hardly a shot that did not take effect.... It is but fair
+at the same time to state that, much to the credit of the ship's
+company, the Bishop and one of the principal inhabitants of the town
+came off to express their gratitude for the orderly behaviour of the
+people, there not being one instance of pillage; and to make offer of
+every refreshment the place affords.
+
+I am now waiting for the land breeze to carry us out, having already
+recalled the officers and men from the fort, the guns being spiked
+and thrown over the parapet, the carriages rendered unserviceable, and
+the embrasures, with part of the fort, blown up.
+
+I have the honour to be, &c.,
+
+                                                    FRED. L. MAITLAND.
+
+
+On June 27, 1805, the Common Council of the City of London voted him
+their thanks for his distinguished conduct in Muros Bay. The Committee
+of the Patriotic Fund at Lloyd's presented him with a sword, and on
+October 18 he received the freedom of the city of Cork in recognition
+of his exertions for the protection of Irish trade.
+
+In the following winter the _Loire_ had a narrow escape. Marshall thus
+describes the incident:--
+
+"On the 13th Dec. 1805, the _Loire_, accompanied by the _Alcmene_
+frigate, fell in with the Rochefort squadron, consisting of six sail
+of the line, three frigates, and three corvettes. Maitland immediately
+sent the _Alcmene_ to the fleet off Brest, himself keeping company
+with the Frenchmen. Being to leeward, and desirous of obtaining the
+weather-gage, as the safest situation for his own ship, he carried a
+heavy press of sail, and in the night of the 14th, having stretched
+on, as he thought, sufficiently for that purpose, put the _Loire_ on
+the same tack as they were. About two A.M., it being then exceedingly
+dark, he found himself so near one of the largest ships as to hear the
+officer of the watch giving his orders. As the noise of putting about
+would have discovered the _Loire's_ situation, Captain Maitland very
+prudently abstained from doing so, until, by slacking the lee braces
+and luffing his ship to the wind, the enemy had drawn sufficiently
+ahead. At daylight he had the satisfaction to observe them four or
+five miles to leeward; and although he was chased both on that and the
+following day by a detachment from the enemy's squadron, he returned
+each evening and took his station on the French admiral's
+weather-beam, sufficiently near to keep sight of them till the
+morning. During the night between the 16th and 17th, several large
+ships were seen to windward running down, and which, on perceiving the
+_Loire_ and those to leeward of her, made such signals as proved them
+also to be enemies. Captain Maitland had now no alternative but to
+make sail in order to get from between those two squadrons, the latter
+of which afterwards proved to be from Brest."
+
+On November 28, 1806, Maitland was appointed to the _Emerald_, a
+36-gun frigate. During the whole of her commission he cruised with
+ceaseless activity and made a very great number of captures. He was
+present with Lord Gambier's fleet outside Aix Roads in April 1809,
+when Cochrane made his famous fire-ship attack on the French fleet.
+The _Emerald_ was one of the few ships which, on the 12th, were sent
+by Gambier, much against his will, to support Cochrane in the
+_Imp�rieuse_. One can well imagine that her gallant commander shared
+Cochrane's indignation at seeing so daring an enterprise shorn of its
+fruits by the weakness and irresolution of their chief.
+
+Maitland's next appointment, dated June 3, 1813, was to the _Goliath_,
+a cut-down 74. He commanded her for twelve months on the Halifax and
+West India stations. Having been found seriously defective, she was
+paid off at Chatham in October 1814. In the following month Maitland
+was appointed to the _Boyne_, then fitting at Portsmouth for the flag
+of Sir Alexander Cochrane, commander-in-chief on the coast of America.
+
+In January 1815 he was at Cork, and had collected a large fleet of
+transports and merchant vessels bound for America. The fleet was ready
+to sail, but was detained at Cove by a succession of strong westerly
+winds. Before the wind changed the news came that Napoleon had escaped
+from Elba.
+
+Maitland's orders were at once countermanded, and he was removed to
+the ship with which his name will always be associated, the
+_Bellerophon_, 74. This famous old ship had fought on the First of
+June, at the Nile, and at Trafalgar; she was now once more to render a
+conspicuous service to the country.
+
+She sailed from Plymouth with Sir Henry Hotham's squadron on May 24,
+1815. Her commander's record of the memorable events which took place
+on board her during the following weeks is in the reader's hands, and
+nothing more need be said of them here. Let it suffice to note that
+the controversies which have raged around the story of Napoleon's
+exile, and which have tarnished so many reputations, have left
+Maitland's without a stain. "My reception in England," said Napoleon
+himself to Maitland, as he bade him farewell in the cabin of the
+_Bellerophon_, "has been very different from what I expected; but it
+gives me much satisfaction to assure you, that I feel your conduct to
+me throughout has been that of a gentleman and a man of honour."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Up to this point the materials for Maitland's biography are somewhat
+scanty. After this his journal, preserved at Lindores, gives us a very
+full record of his services.
+
+In October 1818 he was appointed to the _Vengeur_, 74. She had been
+intended to bear the flag of Rear-Admiral Otway on the Leith station.
+In June 1819, however, she was ordered to join the squadron destined
+for South America under the command of Sir Thomas Hardy--Nelson's
+Hardy. The squadron left Spithead on September 9, having on board Mr
+Thornton, H.B.M.'s minister to Brazil.
+
+The following year was spent on the South American coast. In the
+disturbed political condition of the Continent, the duties of the
+British naval officers on the station were sometimes difficult and
+delicate, as British ships and British subjects frequently got into
+trouble with the forces of the revolted Spanish colonies. Maitland's
+time was spent chiefly at Rio de Janeiro. In 1807, when Napoleon's
+troops first appeared in the Tagus, the Portuguese Court had emigrated
+to Brazil and had been there ever since. Maitland's journal contains
+many amusing notes--not always printable--about King John VI. and his
+disreputable family. "The king is very fond," he writes, "of comparing
+himself to the Regent of Great Britain, and does it as follows: 'His
+father is mad, so was my mother. I was Regent, so is he. I am very
+fat, so is he. I hate my wife, so does he.'" One anecdote which he
+tells of the king "must," he thinks, "raise him in the opinion of
+every British subject. When the Count de la Rocca was Spanish
+Ambassador at the Brazils, upon a rejoicing day the Portuguese ships
+were dressed with the national flag at the main, the British colours
+at the fore, and Spanish at the mizzen. The Count being at Court,
+drew the (then) Prince to a window which commanded a view of the
+harbour, and said to him, 'I have to ask your Royal Highness to look
+at those ships. The British colours are at the fore and my master's at
+the mizzen topmast-head. Were it only occasionally or alternately I
+should not complain, but it is never otherwise, and I feel it my duty,
+considering the close family connection that subsists between H.M. the
+King of Spain and your Royal Highness, to represent it to you, as it
+hurts my feelings in a manner I cannot express.' The King of Portugal
+tapped him gently on the shoulder and said to him, 'I'll tell you
+what, my friend, had it not been for that flag and the nation to whom
+it belongs, neither your master nor I would have had a flag to hoist
+at all.'"
+
+That was true enough; still, the Portuguese were getting a little
+tired of the British flag. The Peninsular War had made Portugal almost
+a British dependency. Lord Beresford remained in command of the
+Portuguese army after the peace, and many other important appointments
+were held by English officers. The old monopoly of trade with Brazil
+had been broken down in favour of the English, to the ruin of not a
+few Portuguese merchants. These grievances, the continued absence of
+the Court in Brazil, and the general misgovernment of the country, had
+caused widespread discontent. Matters became critical after the
+outbreak of the Spanish revolution in January 1820. In the spring of
+that year Beresford went out to Brazil to lay the state of affairs
+before the king, and to try to induce him to return to Portugal. The
+king would neither go himself nor allow his son to go. On August 13,
+Beresford sailed from Rio for Lisbon in Maitland's ship, the
+_Vengeur_.
+
+While she was crossing the Atlantic, revolution broke out in Portugal.
+A military rising took place at Oporto on the 24th of August, and when
+the _Vengeur_ reached Lisbon on October 10, Maitland found that the
+Regency had been deposed and a provisional Junta installed in the
+capital. Beresford was absolutely forbidden to land, even as a private
+individual, and was requested to leave the port without delay. The
+provisional Government told him plainly that in the existing state of
+public feeling they could not be responsible for his safety if he came
+on shore. After remaining for nearly a week on board the _Vengeur_ in
+the Tagus, he went on to England in a packet-boat.
+
+Maitland had expected to return to England, but at Lisbon he received
+orders to proceed immediately to the Mediterranean on secret service.
+On October 27 he reached the Bay of Naples, where he found a British
+squadron of five ships under Sir Graham Moore.
+
+Serious political trouble had arisen in Naples. After the fall of
+Murat, Ferdinand IV. had been restored to his throne by the Congress
+of Vienna, and in 1816 had assumed the title of King of the Two
+Sicilies. Under the restored monarchy discontent had been steadily
+growing. There had been no violent counter-revolution, but the
+interests of the country had been sacrificed without scruple to those
+of the king's friends, the swarm of courtiers who had shared his
+ignoble exile at Palermo. The revolutionary society of the Carbonari
+spread rapidly, alike in the army and in civil society. In Naples, as
+in Portugal, the Spanish revolution brought things to a crisis. On
+July 2, 1820, a military outbreak took place at Nola. This was
+followed by a general demand for a Constitution, which the king was
+powerless to resist. On July 13 he took the oath to the Constitution
+before the altar in the royal chapel.
+
+A revolution in Naples would in all probability be followed by similar
+uprisings in the Papal States. Metternich was seriously alarmed. A
+conference of sovereigns and ministers to consider the affairs of
+Naples was arranged to be held at Troppau, in Moravia, in October
+1820. England and France stood aloof from action, and the matter
+remained in the hands of the Emperor of Austria, the Czar, and the
+King of Prussia. It was resolved to invite King Ferdinand to meet his
+brother sovereigns at Laibach, in the Austrian province of Carniola,
+and through him to address a summons to the Neapolitans, requiring
+them, in the name of the three Powers and under threat of invasion, to
+abandon their Constitution.
+
+Ferdinand could not leave the country without the consent of the
+Legislature. This was only given on his swearing to maintain the
+existing Constitution. He did so with effusions of patriotism, and on
+December 13 he embarked on board the _Vengeur_, Maitland's ship, which
+conveyed him to Leghorn. On reaching Leghorn he addressed a letter to
+the sovereigns of the Great Powers repudiating all his recent acts. He
+reached Laibach in due course; and the Congress which took place there
+in January 1821 resulted in the restoration of absolutism at Naples
+and the occupation of the country by the Austrians.
+
+It was a curious coincidence that Maitland should within a few years
+have had two sovereigns as passengers,--one the central figure of
+modern European history, the other the good-natured elderly buffoon
+who in this country is chiefly remembered as the husband of the friend
+of Lady Hamilton. Maitland thus records the voyage:--
+
+_Naples Bay, Wednesday, Dec. 13, 1820._--A good deal of rain during
+the night; in the morning the wind to the east. A general order came
+on board for the captains to attend the admiral in their barges, for
+the purpose of attending the King of Naples off to the _Vengeur_,
+dressed in full uniform, with boots and pantaloons; a note, likewise,
+from the admiral telling me he intended to get the squadron under way
+and see the King out of the bay, the _R�volutionnaire_ forming astern
+of the _Vengeur_, and he, with the five ships in line of battle,
+taking a position on our weather quarter; and when he takes his leave
+each ship is to pass under our stern, and there and then salute. The
+yards are to be manned and the ships to salute, beginning when the
+_Vengeur_ fires her second gun. It is the intention of the French
+squadron to weigh also and stand out. At three P.M. the King of Naples
+came on board in Sir Graham Moore's barge, attended by the admiral and
+all the captains of the squadron except myself (as I stayed on board
+to receive him), and all the captains of the French squadron. He was
+saluted and cheered by all the ships except the Neapolitan, one of
+which manned her rigging, but no salute was given. As soon as the
+King was on board, unmoored, as did _R�volutionnaire_ and _Duchesse de
+Berri_. Employed beating out. At about ten P.M. the _R�volutionnaire_
+was on our weather-bow when a thick heavy squall came on which blew
+the main top-sail away. When the squall cleared away a little, I saw
+the _R�volutionnaire_ close to us on our lee-bow, off the wind and
+stemming for us, and so near it was impossible the ships could clear
+each other. It therefore became necessary to adopt the measure which
+would soften the first blow as much as possible, and I ordered the
+helm to be put down. When the ship came head to wind she struck the
+_R�volutionnaire_ just before the mainmast, slewed our cut-water right
+across, carried away the jib-boom, spritsail yard, &c., and then
+backed clear of her. A lad fell overboard from the _R�volutionnaire_
+and made a great noise, which enabled us to send a boat and pick him
+up, he having got upon one of our life-buoys. Got the runners up and
+the messenger through the hawse-holes, and set them up with the top
+tackles, which enabled us soon to make sail. Saw the _Duchesse de
+Berri_ working out.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 14._--Strong breeze to the westward, with sea getting up. Saw
+_R�volutionnaire_ to leeward. On examination, found the cut-water so
+much shook I determined to run on to Baia and secure the bowsprit;
+made signal to prepare to anchor, and bore up little after 8 A.M.
+Anchored in fifteen fathom water. The _R�volutionnaire_ was examined
+also, when I found her mainmast was sprung; sent the master and
+carpenter to survey the damage she had sustained, two or three of her
+timbers being broke. They reported she might be put in a state to
+proceed in two days. Sent Lieutenant Drewry up to the Admiral with a
+letter giving an account of our disaster, and informing him I should
+proceed as soon as the weather would admit of it, taking
+_R�volutionnaire_ with me if she was ready, otherwise directing him to
+follow. Got an answer from him in the evening offering the King any
+ship, even _Rochefort_ (the flagship), if we could not proceed; and
+that he had ordered _Active_ down here, to be ready to relieve
+_R�volutionnaire_ if she could not go. In the morning, when the King
+came out, he took hold of both my hands, squeezed them, and shook
+them very heartily, saying, "I am infinitely obliged to you for the
+way in which you manoeuvred the ship last night, for had it not been
+for your promptitude she must have been dismasted." Dined with his
+Majesty, who sent me an invitation, and took my place, by his
+direction, at his right hand, in the way I used when Bonaparte was
+with me, and was a good deal struck with the similarity of situation.
+On the King's left sat the Princess of Paterna, created by him Duchess
+of Floridia. She is married to him, but does not assume the title of
+Queen, because she is not of blood royal. She is an uncommonly
+handsome woman for her time of life,--which the Prince of Babro tells
+me is very near fifty,--her manners pleasing, and quite those of a
+woman of high rank. He seems much attached to her, was particular in
+recommending good dishes to her, and once or twice when he spoke to
+her took her hand, and shook and prest it in a friendly affectionate
+way.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Baia, Dec. 15._--Strong gale, with very heavy squalls and showers of
+rain. The King is, in my opinion, much better at an anchor here than
+beating about the sea in a gale of wind. Employed securing the
+bowsprit.... Dined with the King, who told us several anecdotes of his
+sea excursions; and he really is a tolerably good sailor. In the
+evening a deputation of the Parliament came on board to condole with
+his Majesty on the accident that had befallen the ship, and to wish
+him a pleasant voyage and a speedy return to his country. In the
+evening pointed the yards to the wind.... While at dinner, H.M. sent
+out to have "Rule Britannia" played by the band, and drank success to
+the British Navy with three cheers.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 16._--In the morning the weather fine, with light wind W.S.W.
+Unmoored ship.... Stood over towards Capri till half-past one, when we
+tacked. The King told us at dinner he had been one of six who in seven
+days killed nine thousand quails on Capri Island, where in the month
+of May some years they come in millions.... Got round Ischia at 10
+o'clock P.M.......................................................
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Leghorn Roads, Wednesday, Dec. 20._--Employed all night beating into
+Leghorn Roads.... At eight, pratique boat came off and gave us
+pratique, and soon after the Governor of Leghorn came to pay his
+respects to the King, with a fine large barge. His Majesty soon got
+very impatient to go on shore, and would hardly give us time to make
+the necessary preparations for sending him out of the ship with due
+honours. At half-past nine he left the ship, accompanied by the
+Duchess of Floridia.... Saluted with twenty-one guns, and manned yards
+and cheered him as he left the ship. I accompanied him on shore, and
+when about to take my leave he asked me to dinner. I went, therefore,
+to the Grand Duke's palace, which is in the square; and when I got
+there the Marchese di Ruffo soon arrived, and, desiring my company in
+another room, produced the Order of St Ferdinand of the second class,
+and told me he had the King's sanction to present me with it; and when
+we were talking about it his Majesty came into the room and put it
+over my neck, and then led me by the hand and presented me to the
+Princess Paterna, when I returned my humble thanks to his Majesty,
+knelt, and kissed his hand. The princess told me it was her intention
+to send by me something as a present from her to my wife. The Marchese
+di Ruffo then came in and told me he had something further to
+communicate, and took me into the other room, when he gave me from his
+Majesty a remarkably handsome gold snuff-box with his portrait on
+it,--a very good likeness, set with twenty-four diamonds, some of them
+large, particularly four at the corners. He gave me also two other
+boxes, one for Captain Pellew and the other for the captain of the
+_Fleur de Lis_, and informed me he meant to give 3000 ducats to the
+_Vengeur's_ ship's company and 1500 to each of the frigates. Dined
+with the King, and came off in the evening.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 21._--... To Franschetti the banker to obtain the money given by
+the King of Naples to the ships' companies; and after waiting a long
+time and having a great deal of trouble with a very stupid old fellow,
+we managed to get it from him.... Got my patent as Commander of the
+Order of St Ferdinand and of Merit, for which I had to pay ten ducats
+as a fee to the secretary's clerk,--a part of the ceremony I did not
+bargain for, as the order cannot be of any use to me, there being a
+rule against officers accepting of foreign orders except in particular
+cases.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Dec. 22._--... At eleven the boats came off and brought all my traps,
+and a small parcel from the Princess Paterna, containing a very
+handsome gold necklace and bracelets, requesting I would accept them
+for her sake and present them to my wife. His Majesty, as well as the
+princess, have behaved to me in a most munificent way, having loaded
+me with favours and marks of their affection, which I shall ever
+remember with the warmest gratitude. As I have now done with the King
+of Naples, it may be as well to say a few words of his person and
+habits. He is a tall thin fair man, now seventy years of age,
+uncommonly robust and active for that time of life, which may be
+attributed in a great measure to his temperance and love of
+field-sports, which has been ever his ruling passion, and often
+occasioned him to neglect the more imposing and serious duties of a
+king. As a man, he must be liked by every one who comes immediately in
+contact with him, as he is cheerful and good-humoured, though not a
+man of much information. While on board the ship he was generally up
+before daylight,--which at this season of the year is not saying
+much,--took a cup of coffee and a bit of biscuit,--to strengthen his
+stomach as he said,--and then said prayers, having two friars and a
+priest with him. At noon he dined, when he ate a very hearty meal, and
+drank about half a bottle of Neapolitan wine a good deal diluted with
+water, and ate nothing for the remainder of the day. In the evening he
+played picquet, and went to bed at eight or half past....
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The _Vengeur_ returned to England in the spring of 1820, and Maitland
+was appointed to the _Genoa_, guardship at Portsmouth, from which he
+was superseded in October on the completion of his three years'
+continuous service on the peace establishment. The midshipmen of the
+_Genoa_ presented him with a sword as a mark of respect.
+
+Then followed a period of rest. In 1816 he had bought from his mother
+the estate of Lindores, near Newburgh, in Fifeshire, which had been in
+her family since 1569. Here he now spent several years, chiefly
+occupied in the improvement of the property. During the war he had
+made some �16,000 out of prize-money, part of which was spent in
+building the present mansion-house, overlooking the beautiful Loch of
+Lindores. In the spring of 1826 he visited London to arrange for the
+publication of the _Narrative_, which, after some fruitless
+negotiations with John Murray, was accepted by Colburn on satisfactory
+terms.
+
+On February 13, 1827, Maitland was appointed to the _Wellesley_, 74.
+In December 1826, Mr Canning, in response to an appeal from the
+Portuguese Regency, had sent English troops to Lisbon to protect the
+Government of Portugal against the threatened attack of Spain.
+Maitland was ordered to Lisbon, and the _Wellesley_ spent the autumn
+and winter of 1827 in the Tagus. After a spring cruise up the
+Mediterranean, she returned to England in May 1828. On June 26 she
+again sailed for the Mediterranean, carrying the flag of Admiral Sir
+Pulteney Malcolm, who was then going out to succeed Sir Edward
+Codrington in command of the Mediterranean station. On August 24 she
+joined the squadron under Codrington at Navarino.
+
+Maitland remained in Greek waters for the next two years. The tragic
+drama of the Greek Revolution, after seven years of horrors, had now
+reached its final act. By the Treaty of London, in July 1827, England,
+Russia, and France had undertaken to put an end to the conflict in the
+East, and to establish the autonomy of Greece. In the following
+October the battle of Navarino had been fought, and the Turkish fleet
+destroyed. Ibrahim Pasha still held the fortresses of the Morea, which
+he was shortly to evacuate under the pressure of a French army corps.
+In April 1828 war had broken out between Turkey and Russia.
+
+Desultory fighting was still going on in Crete, which had been utterly
+devastated by years of barbarous warfare. In October the _Wellesley_
+went to Suda Bay, and most of the winter was spent by Maitland on the
+coast of Crete, endeavouring to bring about an armistice, and
+superintending the blockade which the Powers had established in order
+to prevent military supplies from reaching the Turks in the island.
+The blockade was raised early in 1829; and during the following months
+Maitland visited nearly every point of interest on the Greek coast and
+in the Greek islands, as well as Sicily, the coast of Asia Minor, and
+Constantinople. Like most Englishmen who have served in the Levant, he
+developed a considerable respect for the Turk, and a quite unbounded
+contempt for the Greek. After the armistice negotiations in Crete he
+writes: "I found the conduct of the Turkish chiefs throughout manly,
+straightforward, and sincere, while that of their opponents was very
+much the reverse;" and in another place he writes of the Greeks that
+"a more perfidious, ferocious, and cruel race does not exist."
+Needless to say he did not think much of "our pretty Greek Committee."
+
+In the summer of 1830 the _Wellesley_ returned to England. Maitland
+attained his flag on July 22, 1830. At the reconstruction of the Order
+of the Bath in 1815 he had been made a C.B.; on November 17, 1830, he
+was advanced to be a K.C.B. In 1835 he received the Greek Order of the
+Redeemer.
+
+During his South American and Mediterranean cruises Maitland kept a
+very full and interesting private journal. It reveals him to us as a
+man of immense mental activity and power of observation, hard humorous
+common-sense, and an almost Pepysian interest in all the doings of
+mankind. Politics, arch�ology, cricket, theatricals, scandal, the
+terms of a treaty, the _menu_ of a good dinner, the armament of a
+foreign frigate, the toilette of a pretty woman,--everything interests
+him, and is observed, remembered, and noted in his diary. A few
+extracts have been given; within the limits of this sketch they cannot
+be multiplied. His account of the slave-market at Constantinople may
+serve as a specimen of his power of picturesque description.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_October 12, 1829._--... We then crossed the harbour, and went to the
+slave-market. It is held in a small square, with some houses in the
+middle, and on two sides of the square are small rooms, where the
+slaves for sale are kept until their turn comes to be put up.
+Adjoining the doors of these rooms or cells are raised platforms of
+wood on which a number of black women and girls were sitting; and I
+saw a few white ones inside. Outside these platforms are others, where
+the purchasers or those intending to purchase slaves were placed; and
+between the two platforms there is a passage three or four feet wide.
+At another corner of the market there were some black men and boys,
+chained by the legs to prevent their escaping, and among them we saw a
+very good-looking respectably dressed young man, also in chains. We
+were told he was a Georgian, but could not discover his history,
+though it is probable that his master had died, and that he was sold
+in consequence. He was smoking a pipe, and looked very disconsolate. A
+little after nine o'clock, the chief of the market arrived, and the
+sale began. Two or three black girls were first put up. A crier went
+round the square, followed by the slave for sale, passing through the
+passage before mentioned. When any person bids, the crier goes on,
+calling the sum bid, until some one bids higher, and continues calling
+till no more is bid, when the slave becomes the property of the
+highest bidder. There were three or four criers, with each a slave
+following them, going round the bazaar at the same time. At last a
+very pretty-looking white girl about sixteen years of age was put up
+for sale. Several bids had been made before I discovered her; and when
+I came up to the place where she was standing, Lambrino, the admiral's
+interpreter, asked the crier what sum was bid for her. He answered
+1200 piastres; upon which the girl turned round in a rage, and said to
+Lambrino, "You dog-faced fellow, what is that to you?" and the
+interpreter being a little man, with high shoulders and a face very
+much shaped like a dog's, the girl's remark excited a general laugh.
+The crier, however, was by no means pleased at the young lady for
+making such a display of her temper, as it was likely to hurt her
+sale, and he therefore reprimanded her. They then passed on along the
+passage and came to one of the divans, where a man about forty was
+sitting smoking his pipe. He stopped the crier, and took the girl by
+the hand, felt all up her arm to the shoulder, then drew her a little
+nearer and opened her waistcoat, which exposed a beautiful white
+bosom, and the effect seemed electric, for he immediately bid 1300
+piastres, and after pulling down the lower part of her veil so as to
+show the whole of her face, and looking at her teeth, he allowed the
+crier to proceed. The girl had been angry at Lambrino, and seemed a
+good deal distressed when the Turk was examining and handling her. I
+saw a blush of either modesty or indignation cross her countenance;
+but the instant the additional piastres were bid (whether from
+gratified vanity or what other cause I cannot say, for these poor
+creatures are very proud of bringing a high price) a smile of
+satisfaction beamed over her face, and she marched off in apparent
+good humour. I had seen enough of this horrid scene, and was tired of
+seeing a fellow-creature paraded about and handled like a horse,
+therefore was rejoiced when the admiral proposed we should leave it.
+Before we went away, a fellow, apparently an Armenian, came up and
+said he had a handsome young Greek girl for sale if we would like to
+see her. As, however, none of us under any circumstances could have
+purchased her, we declined his offer....
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A characteristic feature of Maitland's diary is his constant reference
+to his wife. He had married, in 1804, Catherine, second daughter of
+Daniel Connor of Ballybricken, County Cork. They had only one child,
+who died in infancy. Maitland loved his wife with lifelong devotion;
+wherever the service called him, her picture hung in his cabin, and he
+carried her image in his heart. Every letter she wrote to him is noted
+in his journal; and it is full of references to her in words of
+devoted attachment. Thus on the voyage home from South America in 1820
+he writes: "Crossed the equator at eleven o'clock at night, and we are
+once more, Heaven be praised, in the northern hemisphere, which
+contains all I love and delight in in this world, and every mile we go
+draws us nearer to the sole mistress and possessor of my heart.... A
+more affectionate, kind, attached wife no man on earth is blessed with
+than myself." He was bitterly disappointed when from Lisbon he was
+ordered to the Mediterranean. As the ship passed Gibraltar he wrote:
+"This was the day I had settled in my own mind that I was to arrive at
+Portsmouth, and there meet the dearest and best of wives.... I had
+expected this day to be the happiest of human beings, and now the
+event that would make me so appears as distant as ever." When he was
+at Naples, Mrs Maitland appears to have fallen under religious
+influences of the kind which often embitter family relations; and it
+is pathetic to read the expression of her husband's grief and anxiety
+lest the love which was the chief joy of his life should be estranged.
+"I fear much," he writes, "I shall have to regret the longest day I
+have to live, having left her in Scotland, instead of taking her
+abroad with me, as she was in a nest of fanatical foolish women who
+have the madness to believe they are inspired from above." Happily the
+cloud soon passed, and he notes the receipt of "one of her own dear
+affectionate kind letters, such as she used formerly to write." A
+little later comes the joyful entry: "Bore up and made sail, with a
+fine strong Levant wind, which cleared us of the Gut of Gibraltar by
+noon; and I can now look forward with confidence to meeting my beloved
+Kate in about two weeks' time."
+
+From 1832 to 1837 Maitland was Admiral Superintendent of the dockyard
+at Portsmouth. In July 1837 he was appointed commander-in-chief in the
+East Indies and China. He hoisted his flag on his own old ship the
+_Wellesley_, now commanded by Captain Thomas Maitland, afterwards Earl
+of Lauderdale, and sailed for Bombay on the 11th of October. Lady
+Maitland accompanied him to the East.
+
+When the advance from Bombay towards Afghanistan was made in 1838, it
+was decided that a naval force should proceed along the coast to
+co-operate with the troops. In January 1839, Maitland, in the
+_Wellesley_, joined the squadron in the Indus, and was requested by
+Sir John Keane, the military commander-in-chief, to "proceed to
+Kurrachee and take it." He arrived with his squadron before Kurrachee
+the 1st of February, and sent a flag of truce, summoning the fort of
+Manora, which formed the chief defence of the town. The Baluchi
+garrison refused all terms, and fired on the boats of the squadron,
+which were engaged in landing troops. The _Wellesley_ accordingly
+opened fire, and soon reduced the fort to ruins and brought the
+commandant to terms. The British flag was hoisted on the fort by
+Lieutenant Jenkins of the _Wellesley_. The town also surrendered, and
+was occupied by the 40th Regiment and the 2nd Bombay Native Infantry.
+The British Government thus easily obtained possession of the chief
+port of the Punjab.
+
+After the capture of Kurrachee, Maitland returned to Bombay, and
+thence proceeded to Bushire, where difficulties had arisen with the
+Persian authorities. At an interview with the Governor, the Admiral
+demanded permission for himself and his officers to land and
+communicate freely with the British Resident. The Governor agreed to
+this, but refused to allow the Admiral to embark from the
+landing-place opposite the Residency. Next morning, March 25, all the
+boats of the squadron, manned and armed, proceeded to the shore to
+protect the embarkation of the Admiral and other officers. The
+following account by an eyewitness of what then took place is given in
+Low's _History of the Indian Navy_:--
+
+"The Persians had assembled to the number of several hundreds, and the
+Governor, with his body-guard, was determined to prevent, if possible,
+the property being shipped before the Residency. The first boat which
+approached the shore was fired upon, and one Persian had his musket
+presented at Captain Maitland. He was just on the eve of firing, when
+fortunately the Admiral and two Indian naval officers in a moment
+wrenched it from his hands, and kept possession of the piece, which
+they found loaded with a heavy charge. You may imagine how strongly
+inclined the marines must have been to fire. The benevolent spirit of
+the Admiral, however, would not allow it till the throwing of stones,
+and continued firing from the Persians, called forth two volleys,
+which caused the Persians to evacuate the breastwork. One was killed
+and two wounded; their fire upon us, fortunately, did not injure any
+one, but the Commodore and several other officers were struck with
+stones. After this the Residency was put in a state of defence,
+Captain Hennell (the Political Agent), had all the property conveyed
+as quickly as possible on board the _Wellesley_, _Elphinstone_,
+_Clive_, and _Emily_, and finally abandoned the Residency on the
+morning of the 28th, when surrounded by four or five hundred armed
+Persians, composed of Bushirees and Tungustanees, with Baukr Khan at
+their head.... And on the morning of the 29th the _Wellesley_ and the
+other vessels reached Kharrack, bringing along with them the whole
+Residency establishment."
+
+On May 9, 1839, the Officiating Secretary to the Government of India
+wrote to Maitland: "The Right Hon. the Governor-General highly
+applauds the cordial and able assistance offered by the officers and
+crews of H.M.'s and the Hon. Company's ships, in the removal on board
+the ships of the Resident and his suite from the Residency at
+Bushire,--an operation which, but for their aid, might have been
+attended with difficulty and danger." Maitland was bitterly attacked
+by the Anglo-Indian press for his forbearance on this occasion, which
+it was said had lowered British prestige in the eyes of the Persians.
+It is possible that our relations with Persia might have been improved
+by the slaughter of the Bushire mob by the _Wellesley's_ marines, but
+apparently the Admiral thought otherwise.
+
+The Bushire incident was followed by a cruise round the Persian Gulf,
+in the course of which the Admiral had various interviews with the
+local chiefs, and impressed upon them the necessity of keeping the
+peace and respecting British interests.
+
+It was his last service. He died at sea, off Bombay, on November 30,
+1839. A letter from the late Admiral Philip Somerville,[2] then a
+lieutenant on board the _Wellesley_, describes the closing scenes.
+
+         [Footnote 2: Admiral Somerville married Mary Stuart, eldest
+         daughter of David Maitland Makgill Crichton of Rankeilour,
+         and grand-niece of Sir Frederick. I am indebted for the use
+         of this letter to the courtesy of his son, Mr D. M. M.
+         Crichton Somerville.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"On our arrival at Bombay, Nov. 3," he writes, "the tents had not been
+pitched more than a week or so, and the one fitted by the Government
+for the Admiral was so very large that, after our arrival, he had to
+remain for some days on board ship ere it was ready. You may fancy
+the state the ground was in after five months' heavy rain,--the chill
+and damp scarcely possible to describe,--evaporation of course
+following the excessive heat of the day. A week had scarcely passed
+ere he felt its effects, but he could say nothing. On the 15th
+November I dined with him on shore. He seemed then tolerably well. On
+Sunday, 17th, he visited the ship, and returned to his tent. On the
+18th he dined with her Majesty's 6th Regiment, and complained a little
+that day. The 21st, he was out to see our sailors and marines
+exercising. The complaint from that time made rapid progress.
+Saturday, 23rd, Lady Maitland went to a large party, but returned to
+the Admiral very early. Sunday 24th and Monday 25th he was dangerously
+ill; 26th and 27th, rather easier. Preparations were made for going to
+sea. On the 28th, the poor old fellow was brought off and hoisted on
+board in a palankeen. I saw him for a moment. Poor Sir Frederick lay
+with his head thrown back, his mouth a little open, his cheeks sunk,
+and his whole frame totally changed. He was conveyed to his cabin. We
+immediately got under way. All gloom, and solemn silence prevailed. I
+daresay some at least were in deep thought, some thinking of his
+former prosperity, others of the money he had made; perhaps some
+thought of the happy and honourable day on which Bonaparte
+surrendered. After lingering until Saturday the 30th, at 11.45 he
+expired. One can scarcely conceive the sensation caused by the
+mournful event. The countenances of all evinced deep sorrow for their
+chief, a man who was looked up to by all who knew him, and greatly
+beloved by those under his command....
+
+"On Monday morning, preparations having been made the previous day,
+the troops of the garrison and boats from the ships began to assemble.
+The ship was painted black all over, and her yards topped in mourning.
+The body was conveyed in his own boat, the barge, the other boats
+following in order with their colours half-mast, presenting a very
+imposing sight. On leaving the ship, minute-guns began; and on the
+corpse reaching the shore, it was received with a guard of honour, and
+the fort commenced firing minute-guns as we formed in procession. The
+troops had their arms reversed, and the same people who received the
+Admiral that day fortnight at the dinner given by the 6th Regiment
+formed part of the parade that sorrowful moment. They lined the road
+through which we passed, and reached to the church. Here the body was
+received in the usual way, and all the respectable attendants followed
+it into the cathedral. The lesson was read by the officiating
+Archdeacon, and on coming to the grave in the aisle of the church, the
+Bishop read the service in a very affecting and solemn manner. After
+the ceremony we returned to our respective ships."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+A monument to Sir Frederick's memory was erected in Bombay Cathedral
+by the officers of his command. "Among names," writes Lieutenant Low
+in his _History_, "which will ever be held in affection by the
+officers whose record of service is now 'as a tale that is told,' that
+of Maitland, the gallant and chivalrous seaman, to whom the mighty
+Napoleon surrendered his sword on the quarter-deck of the
+_Bellerophon_, will ever be prominent; and this record of his worth
+and nobility of character, and that other memorial on the walls of the
+Cathedral Church of St Thomas, will testify to the grateful
+remembrance in which his memory is held by the officers of the Indian
+Navy."
+
+
+
+
+NARRATIVE
+
+
+On Wednesday the 24th of May, 1815, I sailed from Cawsand Bay, in
+command of His Majesty's ship Bellerophon, and under the orders of
+Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, whose flag was hoisted in the Superb. I
+received sealed instructions, part of which were to be opened on
+getting to sea, and part only to be examined in the event of my being
+separated from the Admiral. Those which I opened contained directions
+to detain, and send into port, all armed vessels belonging to the
+Government of France.
+
+On Sunday the 28th of May, we joined His Majesty's ships Astrea and
+Telegraph, stationed off Isle Dieu, on a secret service; and the
+following day, three transports, under charge of the Helicon, arrived
+from England, having on board arms and ammunition, to supply the
+Royalists in La Vend�e, for whose support and assistance I now found
+the squadron, of which the Bellerophon formed one, was destined.
+
+On Tuesday the 30th of May, I received orders from Sir Henry Hotham,
+to take the Eridanus under my command, and proceed off Rochefort, for
+the purpose of preventing a corvette from putting to sea, which,
+according to information received by the British Government, was to
+carry proposals from Buonaparte to the West India Colonies, to declare
+in his favour. I had likewise orders to reconnoitre the Roadstead of
+Rochefort, and report to the Admiral the number and state of the ships
+of war lying there. Accordingly, on the 31st of May, I ran into
+Basque Roads, and found at anchor, under Isle d'Aix, two large
+frigates, a ship corvette, and a large brig, all ready for sea, which
+I afterwards ascertained to be the M�duse, Saale, Balladi�re, and
+�pervier. Nothing occurred worth mentioning until the 9th of June,
+when the V�suve French corvette came in from the northward, and got
+into Rochefort, notwithstanding every effort to prevent her; the ships
+under my orders having been driven to the southward, during the night,
+by a strong northerly wind, accompanied by a southerly current. She
+was from Guadaloupe, and immediately on passing the Chasseron
+light-house, hoisted the tri-coloured flag.
+
+On the 18th of June, I detained and sent to Sir Henry Hotham, the
+�neas French store-ship, commanded by a lieutenant of the navy, with a
+crew of fifty men, loaded with ship-timber for the arsenal of
+Rochefort; but he, being of opinion that she did not come within the
+intention of the order, liberated her.
+
+On the 21st of June, I detained and sent to the Admiral, under charge
+of the Eridanus, the Marianne French transport, from Martinique,
+having on board 220 of the 9th regiment of light infantry, coming to
+France to join the army under Buonaparte. The Eridanus was sent to
+England with her, and did not return to me, being employed on other
+service.
+
+On the 27th of June, the Cephalus joined us, bringing with her the
+declaration of war against France; after which we were employed
+several days, taking and destroying chasse-mar�es, and other small
+coasting vessels.
+
+On the 28th of June, I received intelligence, from one of the vessels
+captured, of Napoleon's defeat at Waterloo; and on the 30th, a boat
+came off from Bourdeaux, bringing the following letter, without date
+or subscription, written on very thin paper in English, and concealed
+within a quill. I give the contents verbatim.
+
+
+Copy of a Letter received by Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+off Rochefort, on the 30th of June, 1815, without date or
+subscription.
+
+
+"With great degree of certainty, being informed that Buonaparte might
+have come last night through this city from Paris, with the new Mayor
+of Bourdeaux, with a view to flight, by the mouth of this river, or La
+Teste, the author of the last note sent by Mr ---- hastily drops these
+few lines, to give the British Admiral advice of such intention, that
+he may instantly take the necessary steps, in order to seize the man.
+His ideas will certainly have brought him to think it natural, that
+the British stations will be less upon their guard in this quarter
+than any where else. The writer benefits by this opportunity to inform
+the Admiral that, since the last note, some alteration has taken place
+with regard to the troops spread in these two Divisions; in lieu of
+800 to 1000 in this city, there are now 5000, which is supposed owing
+to the intention of compressing the minds of this populace in this
+decisive instant.
+
+"It is supposed the British Admiral is already informed of the Grand
+Army being totally defeated and destroyed, the abdication of
+Buonaparte, &c. and the arrival of the allies near the Capital.
+
+"An attempt should be made on this Coast, with no less than 8000 men
+altogether. Immediate steps are wanted to put a stop to the supposed
+flight.
+
+"Should the attempt be made on the Coast from La Teste to Bourdeaux,
+an immediate diversion should be made on this side; the success is
+beyond any doubt.
+
+"A sharp eye must be kept on all American vessels, and particularly on
+the Susquehannah, of Philadelphia, Captain Caleb Cushing; General
+Bertand and another goes with him. The two entrances of Bourdeaux and
+La Teste must be kept close; a line or two is expected, on the return
+of the bearer from the Admiral, or Chief Officer on the Station. As
+this is writing, the news is spread generally, that the Duc de Berri
+and Lord Wellington are in Paris."
+
+The note alluded to had been received, and forwarded unopened, to the
+Admiral in Quiberon Bay.
+
+Though my attention was called so strongly to Bourdeaux, or la Teste
+d'Arcasson, as the parts of the coast from whence Buonaparte would
+probably attempt to escape, it was my decided opinion that Rochefort
+was much more likely to be the port where the trial would be made. I
+therefore sent the Myrmidon off Bourdeaux, the Cephalus to Arcasson,
+and remained with only the Bellerophon, off Rochefort. From this
+period, until my return to England, the ship was never, by day or
+night, more than three miles from the land. Considering it of much
+importance to communicate the intelligence contained in the letter
+from Bourdeaux, to my commanding officer, with as little delay as
+possible; as I had no vessel left with me, after detaching the two
+ships under my orders, I sent the Bellerophon's barge, under the
+charge of a lieutenant, with directions to endeavour to join some one
+of the cruisers stationed off Isle Dieu. I gave him an order,
+addressed to the Captain of any of His Majesty's ships he might fall
+in with, to proceed without loss of time, to join the Admiral in
+Quiberon Bay, with the despatch accompanying it. This boat was
+fortunate enough to fall in with His Majesty's ship Cyrus, Captain
+Carrol; who, in consequence, after hoisting in the barge, proceeded to
+Quiberon Bay.
+
+As the coasting-vessels were not worth sending into port for
+condemnation, (and considering the circumstances under which the ship
+I commanded was placed, I should not have felt justified in weakening
+her complement, even for a prize of value,) I was in the habit of
+using such captures, as marks for the men to practice firing at. The
+Cephalus had a chasse-mar�e in tow for that purpose, when the letter,
+inserted above, was received; and I detached her so shortly
+afterwards, that Captain Furneaux had no opportunity of destroying
+her, but was obliged to cast her off. After he had left me some time,
+I observed the vessel drifting to sea, and determined to run down and
+sink her. While approaching her in this view. I was sweeping the
+horizon with my glass, when I discovered, at a considerable distance,
+a small white speck on the water, which had the appearance of a
+child's boat with paper sails; but I could plainly perceive something
+that had motion in it; and, after firing on and destroying the
+chasse-mar�e, I stood towards the object which had engaged my
+attention, and found it to be a small punt, about eight feet long,
+flat-bottomed, and shaped more like a butcher's tray than a boat. In
+it were a young man about eighteen years of age, and a boy about
+twelve, who had got into the punt to amuse themselves, and, happening
+to lose one of their oars, were drifted to sea. They had been
+thirty-six hours without refreshment of any kind, and with only one
+oar and a bit of board, which they had formed into something like
+another; they were quite exhausted with fatigue, and their hands very
+much blistered. When we picked them up, there was a strong breeze
+blowing off the land, so that there cannot be a doubt, had not
+Providence sent us to their assistance, they must have perished. I
+kept the boys on board two or three days, for the purpose of
+recruiting their strength, and then landed them with the punt, close
+to their village, to the great joy and wonder of their parents and
+countrymen.
+
+On the first of July, we spoke a ship from Rochefort, the master of
+which gave information, that the frigates in Aix Roads had taken in
+their powder, and were in all respects ready to put to sea; also, that
+several gentlemen in plain clothes, and some ladies, supposed to form
+part of Buonaparte's suite, had arrived at Isle d'Aix: in short, upon
+the whole, that there was little doubt of its being his intention to
+effect his escape, if possible, from that place, in the frigates. On
+receiving this information, I anchored the Bellerophon as close to the
+French squadron as the batteries would permit, kept guard-boats rowing
+all night, and prepared my ship's company for the description of
+action in which I thought it was probable they would be engaged. I
+trained one hundred of the stoutest men, selecting them from the
+different stations in the ship; it being my intention, after firing
+into and silencing one frigate, to run the Bellerophon alongside of
+her, throw that party in, and then, leaving her in charge of the first
+lieutenant, to have proceeded in chase of the other.
+
+His Majesty's ship Phoebe joined us this evening, and brought with her
+the Bellerophon's barge. Captain Hillyar having orders to take a
+station off Bourdeaux, I recalled the Myrmidon from that service.
+
+On the 7th of July, I received a letter from Sir Henry Hotham,
+together with fresh orders, from which the following are extracts:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Quiberon
+Bay, July 6, 1815.
+
+
+"It is impossible to tell which information respecting Buonaparte's
+flight may be correct; but, in the uncertainty, it is right to attach
+a certain degree of credit to all: that which I now act on, is
+received this morning, from the chief of the Royalists, between the
+Loire and the Vilaine.
+
+"Although the force of the Bellerophon would be sufficient for the
+ships at Isle d'Aix, if they were to give you an opportunity of
+bringing them to action together, you cannot stop them both, if the
+frigates separate; I am, therefore, now anxious you should have a
+frigate with you: therefore if any of them should be with you, keep
+her for the time I have specified; but if you have no frigate, and
+this should be brought to you by a twenty-gun ship, keep her with you
+for the same time; she will do to keep sight of a French frigate,
+although she could not stop her.
+
+"If this is delivered to you by Lord John Hay of the Opossum, do not
+detain him, as her force would be of no use to you, and I want him
+_particularly_, to examine vessels which sail from the Loire."
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.;
+addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Superb,
+Quiberon Bay, 6th July, 1815.
+
+
+"Having this morning received information that it is believed Napoleon
+Buonaparte has taken his road from Paris for Rochefort, to embark from
+thence for the United States of America, I have to direct you will use
+your best endeavours to prevent him from making his escape in either
+of the frigates at Isle d'Aix; for which purpose you are,
+notwithstanding former orders, to keep any frigate which may be with
+you, at the time you receive this letter, in company with the ship you
+command, for the space of ten days, to enable you to intercept them in
+case they should put to sea together: but if you should have no
+frigate with you at the above time, you will keep the ship delivering
+this, (which will probably be the Slaney or Cyrus,) in company with
+the Bellerophon, ten days, and then allow her to proceed in execution
+of the orders her Captain has received from me."
+
+The Slaney brought the letter and order, parts of which are extracted
+above, and having no frigate in company, I detained her as part of the
+force under my command, though she was, on the 8th, sent down to the
+Mamusson passage, with orders for Captain Green of the Daphne, and did
+not return until the evening of the 11th.
+
+On the 8th of July, I was joined by a chasse-mar�e bringing a letter
+from Sir Henry Hotham, part of which is as follows:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Superb,
+Quiberon Bay, July 7, 1815.
+
+
+"Having sent every ship and vessel out from this bay, to endeavour to
+intercept Buonaparte, I am obliged to send the chasse-mar�e, which has
+been employed in my communications with the Royalists, with this
+letter, to acquaint you that the Ferret brought me information last
+evening, after the Opossum had left me, from Lord Keith, that
+Government received, on the night of the 30th, an application from the
+rulers of France, for a passport and safe conduct for Buonaparte to
+America, which had been answered in the negative, and, therefore,
+directing an increase of vigilance to intercept him: but it remains
+quite uncertain where he will embark; and, although it would appear
+by the measures adopted at home, that it is expected he will sail from
+one of the northern ports, I am of opinion he will go from one of the
+southern places, and I think the information I sent you yesterday by
+the Opossum is very likely to be correct; namely, that he had taken
+the road to Rochefort; and that he will probably embark in the
+frigates at Isle d'Aix; for which reason I am very anxious you should
+have force enough to stop them both, as the Bellerophon could only
+take one, if they separated, and that might not be the one he would be
+on board of. I have no frigate to send you; if one should join me in
+time, I will send her to you, and I hope you will have _two_
+twenty-gun ships with you. I imagine, from what you said in your
+letter by your barge, that you would not have kept the Endymion with
+you, especially as the Myrmidon would have rejoined you, by the
+arrangements I sent down by the Phoebe for Sir John Sinclair to take
+her place off the Mamusson; therefore, I trust that my last order to
+Captain Hope will not have deprived you of his assistance, but hope it
+may have put him in a better situation than before. The Liffey is
+seventy or eighty miles west from Bourdeaux, and the Pactolus, after
+landing some person in the Gironde, goes off Cape Finisterre, where
+the Swiftsure is also gone; and many ships are looking out in the
+Channel and about the latitude of Ushant.
+
+"Buonaparte is certainly not yet gone; I presume he would naturally
+await the answer from our Government, which only left London on the
+1st; my own opinion is, that he will either go with a force that will
+afford him some kind of security, or in a merchant vessel to avoid
+suspicion.
+
+"The orders from the Admiralty, received last evening, are, that the
+ships which are looking out for him, should remain on that service
+_till further orders, or till they know he is taken_, and not regard
+the time of ten days or a fortnight, which they first named: therefore
+you will govern yourself by that, and keep any ship you have with you
+till one of those events occurs, without attending to the ten days I
+specified in my letter to you by the Opossum yesterday, and make the
+same known to any ship you may communicate with. The information you
+sent me, which had been transmitted to you from Bourdeaux, is now
+proved to have been erroneous, by our knowing that Buonaparte was at
+Paris as late as the 30th of June, and that paper must have been
+written on the 29th, as you received it on the 30th. The Eridanus will
+not rejoin you; she has been stationed, by Lord Keith, off Brest.
+
+"Let me know by the return of the chasse-mar�e, particularly, what
+ships you have with you, and where the other ships are, as far as you
+know, and what position you keep in. If you had ships enough to guard
+Basque Roads, and the Channel between Isle d'Oleron and the long sand
+(where a frigate may pass), you would be sure of keeping them in, by
+anchoring; but that would afford you little chance of taking
+Buonaparte, which is the thing to be desired; therefore I think you
+would be better off the light-house, where I dare say you keep
+yourself; and on that particular subject I do not think it necessary
+to give you any instructions, as I depend on your using the best means
+that can be adopted to intercept the fugitive; on whose captivity the
+repose of Europe appears to depend. If he should be taken, he is to be
+brought to me in this bay, as I have orders for his disposal; he is to
+be removed from the ship in which he may be found, to one of his
+Majesty's ships."
+
+Nothing of consequence occurred on the 9th; but on the 10th of July,
+at daylight, the officer of the watch informed me that a small
+schooner was standing out from the French squadron towards the ship:
+upon which I ordered everything to be ready for making sail in chace,
+supposing she might be sent for the purpose of reconnoitring. On
+approaching, she hoisted a flag of truce, and joined us at seven A.M.
+She proved to be the Mouche, tender to the ships of war at Isle d'Aix,
+and had on board, General Savary Duc de Rovigo, and Count Las Cases,
+chamberlain to Buonaparte, charged with a letter from Count Bertrand
+(Grand Mar�chal de Palais) addressed to the Admiral commanding the
+British Cruisers before the port of Rochefort.
+
+Soon after the Mouche arrived, I was joined by the Falmouth, bringing
+me a letter and secret orders from Sir Henry Hotham, some extracts
+from which I shall insert for the better understanding what follows,
+previous to entering into what passed with Buonaparte's attendants.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon; not dated, but
+must have been written on the 8th of July, 1815.
+
+
+"I sent a chasse-mar�e to you yesterday with a letter, and you will
+now receive by the Falmouth, officially, the orders which I therein
+made you acquainted with.
+
+"I send you four late and very interesting French papers, by which you
+will see all that has been done and said on the subject of providing
+for Buonaparte's escape from France: you will see that the Minister of
+the Marine had been directed to prepare ships of war for that purpose;
+that they were placed at Buonaparte's disposal; and that two frigates
+in particular had been provided for him: also that it was announced to
+the two Chambers, that he left Paris at four o'clock on the 29th;
+likewise that it was believed in Paris, he had taken the road by
+Orleans to Rochefort; and I have no doubt that the two frigates at
+Isle d'Aix are intended for him, and I hope you will think so too, and
+I am sure you will use your utmost endeavours to intercept him. I am
+sorry I have not a frigate to send you; I have literally none but the
+Endymion under my orders. Captain Paterson is off Brest, by Lord
+Keith's order; and the Phoebe is also ordered to that station, when
+the Hebrus arrives off the Gironde.
+
+"The attention at home appears to be paid chiefly to the ports in the
+Channel, but I have received no additional means whatever to guard
+those of the Bay. I have long been expecting a frigate from the Irish
+station, but none has yet appeared; and I have written to Lord Keith
+for two frigates; but they cannot join me in time, I fear."
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Rear-Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated H.M.S.
+Superb, Quiberon Bay, 8th July, 1815.
+
+
+"The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty having every reason to
+believe that Napoleon Buonaparte meditates his escape, with his
+family, from France to America, you are hereby required and directed,
+in pursuance of orders from their Lordships, signified to me by
+Admiral the Right Honourable Viscount Keith, to keep the most vigilant
+look-out for the purpose of intercepting him; and to make the
+strictest search of any vessel you may fall in with; and if you should
+be so fortunate as to intercept him, you are to transfer him and his
+family to the ship you command, and there keeping him in careful
+custody, return to the nearest port in England (going into Torbay in
+preference to Plymouth) with all possible expedition; and on your
+arrival you are not to permit any communication whatever with the
+shore, except as herein after directed; and you will be held
+responsible for keeping the whole transaction a profound secret, until
+you receive their Lordships' further orders.
+
+"In case you should arrive at a port where there is a flag-officer,
+you are to send to acquaint him with the circumstances, strictly
+charging the officer sent on shore with your letter, not to divulge
+its contents: and if there should be no flag-officer at the port where
+you arrive, you are to send one letter express to the Secretary of the
+Admiralty, and another to Admiral Lord Keith, with strict injunctions
+of secrecy to each officer who may be the bearer of them."
+
+Messrs Savary and Las Cases, who came on board, from the Schooner
+above mentioned, at seven o'clock on the 10th of July, presented the
+following letter to me:--
+
+
+                                                  "Le 9 Juillet, 1815.
+
+"Monsieur l'Amiral,
+
+"L'Empereur Napol�on ayant abdiqu� le pouvoir, et choisi les �tats
+Unis d'Am�rique pour s'y r�fugier, s'est embarqu� sur les deux
+fr�gates qui sont dans cette rade, pour se rendre � sa destination. Il
+attend le sauf conduit du Gouvernement Anglais, qu'on lui a annonc�,
+et qui me porte � exp�dier le pr�sent parlementaire, pour vous
+demander, Mons. l'Amiral, si vous avez connoissance du dit sauf
+conduit; ou si vous pensez qu'il soit dans l'intention du Gouvernement
+Anglais de se mettre de l'emp�chement � notre voyage aux �tats Unis.
+Je vous serai extr�mement oblig� de me donner l�-dessus les
+renseignemens que vous pouvez avoir.
+
+"Je charge les porteurs de la pr�sente lettre de vous faire agr�er
+mes remerc�mens et mes excuses, pour la peine qu'elle a pu vous
+donner.
+
+  "J'ai l'honneur d'�tre,
+        Monsieur l'Amiral,
+              de Votre Excellence, &c. &c.
+                                     Le Grand Mar�chal Cte. BERTRAND."
+
+"� Monsieur l'Amiral commandant les Croisi�res avant Rochefort."
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"The Emperor Napoleon having abdicated the throne of France, and
+chosen the United States of America as a retreat, is, with his suite,
+at present embarked on board the two frigates which are in this port,
+for the purpose of proceeding to his destination. He expects a
+passport from the British Government, which has been promised to him,
+and which induces me to send the present flag of truce, to demand of
+you, Sir, if you have any knowledge of the above-mentioned passport,
+or if you think it is the intention of the British Government to throw
+any impediment in the way of our voyage to the United States. I shall
+feel much obliged by your giving me any information you may possess on
+the subject.
+
+"I have directed the bearers of this letter to present to you my
+thanks, and to apologise for the trouble it may cause.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+       Your Excellency's most obedient, &c. &c.
+                                        Grand Marshal Count BERTRAND."
+
+"To the Admiral commanding the Squadron before Rochefort."
+
+
+The bearers of the letter had instructions to demand of me, whether I
+would prevent Buonaparte from proceeding in a neutral vessel, provided
+I could not permit the frigates to pass with him on board. Having
+received, in my orders, the strictest injunctions to secrecy, and
+feeling that the force on the coast, at my disposal, was insufficient
+to guard the different ports and passages from which an escape might
+be effected, particularly should the plan be adopted of putting to sea
+in a small vessel; I wrote the following reply to the above
+communication; hoping, by that means, to induce Napoleon to remain for
+the Admiral's answer, which would give time for the arrival of
+reinforcements.
+
+
+                                                  "H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+                                       off Rochefort, July 10th, 1815.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday's date,
+addressed to the Admiral commanding the English cruisers before
+Rochefort, acquainting me that the Emperor, having abdicated the
+throne of France, and chosen the United States of America as an
+asylum, is now embarked on board the frigates, to proceed for that
+destination, and awaits a passport from the English Government; and
+requesting to know if I have any knowledge of such passport; or if I
+think it is the intention of the English Government to prevent the
+Emperor's voyage.
+
+"In reply, I have to acquaint you, that I cannot say what the
+intentions of my Government may be; but, the two countries being at
+present in a state of war, it is impossible for me to permit any ship
+of war to put to sea from the port of Rochefort.
+
+"As to the proposal made by the Duc de Rovigo and Count Las Cases, of
+allowing the Emperor to proceed in a merchant vessel; it is out of my
+power,--without the sanction of my commanding officer, Sir Henry
+Hotham, who is at present in Quiberon Bay, and to whom I have
+forwarded your despatch,--to allow any vessel, under whatever flag
+she may be, to pass with a personage of such consequence.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                  Sir,
+          Your very humble servant,
+                  FRED. L. MAITLAND,
+          Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."
+
+"Le Grand Mar�chal Comte Bertrand."
+
+
+The Duke of Rovigo and Count Las Cases remained on board between two
+and three hours, during which time I had a great deal of conversation
+with them, on the state of affairs in France; in which they did all
+they could to impress me with the idea that Buonaparte was not reduced
+to the necessity of quitting Europe; but that, in doing so, he was
+actuated solely by motives of humanity; being unwilling, they said,
+that any further effusion of blood should take place on his account.
+They declared also, that his party was still very formidable in the
+centre and south of France, and that, if he choose to protract the
+war, he might still give a great deal of trouble; and that, although
+his ultimate success might not be probable, there was still a
+possibility of fortune turning in his favour, and therefore they
+argued it was the interest of England to allow him to proceed to
+America. To all this I could give little or no reply, being quite
+ignorant of what had occurred in France, further than the decisive
+victory obtained by the Duke of Wellington at Waterloo. During the
+time the Frenchmen were with me, I received some French newspapers
+from Sir Henry Hotham; but my time was so fully occupied in writing to
+him, and in discussions with my visitors, that it was not in my power
+to read them: I therefore drew them back to the subject that had
+occasioned their visit, and said, "Supposing the British Government
+should be induced to grant a passport for Buonaparte's going to
+America, what pledge could he give that he would not return, and put
+England, as well as all Europe, to the same expense of blood and
+treasure that has just been incurred?"
+
+General Savary made the following reply: "When the Emperor first
+abdicated the throne of France, his removal was brought about by a
+faction, at the head of which was Talleyrand, and the sense of the
+nation was not consulted: but in the present instance he has
+voluntarily resigned the power. The influence he once had over the
+French people is past; a very considerable change has taken place in
+their sentiments towards him, since he went to Elba; and he could
+never regain the power he had over their minds: therefore he would
+prefer retiring into obscurity, where he might end his days in peace
+and tranquillity; and were he solicited to ascend the throne again, he
+would decline it."
+
+"If that is the case," I said, "why not ask an asylum in England?" He
+answered, "There are many reasons for his not wishing to reside in
+England: the climate is too damp and cold; it is too near France; he
+would be, as it were, in the centre of every change and revolution
+that might take place there, and would be subject to suspicion; he has
+been accustomed to consider the English as his most inveterate
+enemies, and they have been induced to look upon him as a monster,
+without one of the virtues of a human being."
+
+This conversation took place while I was writing my despatches to Sir
+Henry Hotham; and the Frenchmen were walking in the cabin, frequently
+interrupting me, to enforce their statement of Buonaparte's situation
+being by no means so desperate as might be supposed; from which I took
+the liberty of drawing a conclusion directly opposite to the one they
+were desirous of impressing on my mind.
+
+Captain Knight, of the Falmouth, who carried my despatches to the
+Admiral, was present during the whole of this conversation, but did
+not join in it. This was the first certain information I had received
+of Buonaparte's position since the battle of Waterloo.
+
+Tuesday, the 11th.--About noon, a small boat came off from the Island
+of Oleron, to where the ship was at anchor in Basque Roads, rowed by
+four men, in which sat two respectable-looking countrymen, who asked
+for the Captain; and upon my being pointed out to them, requested to
+speak with me in private. When shown into the cabin, where I went
+accompanied by Captain Gambier, of the Myrmidon, they acquainted me,
+that a message had been sent from Isle d'Aix, early that morning, for
+a man who was considered the best pilot on the island for the Mamusson
+passage, being the only person that had ever taken a frigate through;
+that a large sum of money had been offered to him to pilot a vessel to
+sea from that passage, and that it certainly was Buonaparte's
+intention to escape from thence; either in the corvette, which had
+moved down some days before, or in a Danish brig, which was then lying
+at anchor near the entrance.
+
+On receiving this information, I immediately got under weigh, and
+though the flood-tide had just made in, beat the ships out of the
+Pertuis d'Antioche before it was dark, when I sent the Myrmidon off
+the Mamusson, with orders to anchor close in with the entrance, when
+the weather would admit of it; while I remained with the Bellerophon
+and Slaney, which rejoined me that evening, under weigh between the
+light-houses.
+
+On the 12th of July, the Cyrus being seen in the offing, I ordered her
+by telegraph to take a position close in with the Baleine
+light-house, and to examine strictly every vessel that might attempt
+to put to sea from the Pertuis de Breton, as Buonaparte was on the
+spot, endeavouring to escape to America.
+
+The same evening, the white flag made its appearance for the first
+time on the towers of Rochelle; on seeing which, I felt it my duty to
+run into Basque Roads, accompanied by the Slaney; and having anchored,
+I hoisted the Bourbon colours at the main-top-gallant mast-head, and
+fired a royal salute. During the whole of this afternoon, however, two
+tri-coloured flags were kept flying in Rochelle; and before sunset all
+the white flags were struck, and every where replaced by those of
+Buonaparte.
+
+On the 13th of July, nothing of importance occurred, except the white
+flag being once more hoisted all over Rochelle, as well as on the
+Isle of Oleron, to the entire exclusion of the tri-coloured ensign. We
+could plainly perceive, that the frigates, from whom we were distant
+about three miles, were perfectly ready to put to sea, should an
+opportunity offer; having their sterns covered with vegetables, their
+top-gallant yards across, studding sail gear rove, and numerous boats
+passing between them and the island the whole day:--all indications,
+well known to professional men, of preparing for sea.
+
+The ships under my command were accordingly kept with slip buoys on
+their cables, and, as soon as it was dark, the top-sail and
+top-gallant yards were swayed to the mast-heads, the sails stopt with
+rope yarns, and every thing kept ready to make sail at a moment's
+warning. Guard-boats were also kept rowing all night, as near the
+frigates as they could venture, having signals established to show in
+the event of the enemy getting under sail.
+
+On the 14th of July, at daybreak, the officer of the watch informed
+me, that the Mouche was standing out from Isle d'Aix, bearing a flag
+of truce, which I ordered to be accepted. Here it is necessary to
+mention, that the British flag of truce, being a white flag at the
+fore-top-gallant mast-head, which was also hoisted as a matter of
+course when Buonaparte was received on board, has by some persons been
+construed into the Bourbon flag, and thence into an intentional insult
+to him. It never was my intention, nor do I believe it could have been
+that of any British officer, to treat with insult any fallen enemy,
+much less one who had shown such confidence as to throw himself on the
+protection of his former foe.
+
+When the schooner, the Mouche, reached the ship, Count Las Cases came
+on board, attended by General Count Lallemand. This meeting was highly
+interesting to me, as Lallemand had been a prisoner for three weeks in
+the Camelion under my command in Egypt, with Junot, whose Aid-de-Camp
+he then was; and General Savary, who accompanied Count Las Cases in
+his first visit to the Bellerophon, had lived nearly as long at Sir
+Sydney Smith's table with me, at the Turkish camp at El Arish, when
+the convention, which takes its name from that place, was under
+discussion, being Aid-de-Camp to General Dessaix, who negotiated on
+the part of the French.
+
+On their coming on board, I made the signal for the Captain of the
+Slaney, being desirous of having a witness to any conversation that
+might pass, as our communications were chiefly verbal: he arrived
+while we were at breakfast.
+
+When Count Las Cases came on the quarter-deck, he informed me that he
+was sent off to learn whether I had received an answer from the
+Admiral to the letter he had brought off on the 10th instant. I told
+him that I had not, but, in consequence of the despatch which I had
+forwarded to him, I had not a doubt he would immediately repair here
+in person, and I was hourly in expectation of seeing him, adding, "If
+that was the only reason you had for sending off a flag of truce, it
+was quite unnecessary, as I informed you, when last here, that the
+Admiral's answer, when it arrived, should be forwarded to the frigates
+by one of the Bellerophon's boats; and I do not approve of frequent
+communications with an enemy by means of flags of truce." I then went
+into the cabin and ordered breakfast, to prevent further discussion
+until the arrival of Captain Sartorius.
+
+When breakfast was over, we retired to the after-cabin. Count Las
+Cases then said, "The Emperor is so anxious to spare the further
+effusion of human blood, that he will proceed to America in any way
+the British Government chooses to sanction, either in a French ship of
+war, a vessel armed _en flute_, a merchant vessel, or even in a
+British ship of war." To this I answered, "I have no authority to
+agree to any arrangement of that sort, nor do I believe my Government
+would consent to it; but I think I may venture to receive him into
+this ship, and convey him to England: if, however," I added, "he
+adopts that plan, I cannot enter into any promise, as to the reception
+he may meet with, as, even in the case I have mentioned, I shall be
+acting on my own responsibility, and cannot be sure that it would meet
+with the approbation of the British Government."
+
+There was a great deal of conversation on this subject, in the course
+of which Lucien Buonaparte's name was mentioned, and the manner in
+which he had lived in England alluded to; but I invariably assured Las
+Cases most explicitly, that I had no authority to make conditions of
+any sort, as to Napoleon's reception in England. In fact, I could not
+have done otherwise, since, with the exception of the order inserted
+at page 24, I had no instructions for my guidance, and was, of course,
+in total ignorance of the intention of His Majesty's ministers as to
+his future disposal. One of the last observations Las Cases made
+before quitting the ship was, "Under all circumstances, I have little
+doubt that you will see the Emperor on board the Bellerophon;" and, in
+fact, Buonaparte must have determined on that step before Las Cases
+came on board, as his letter to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent
+is dated the 13th of July, the day before this conversation.
+
+During the above-mentioned conversation, I asked Las Cases where
+Buonaparte then was? He replied, "At Rochefort; I left him there
+yesterday evening." General Lallemand then said, "The Emperor lives at
+the Hotel in the Grand Place, and is now so popular there, that the
+inhabitants assemble every evening in front of the house, for the
+purpose of seeing him, and crying, 'Vive l'Empereur!'"
+
+I then asked how long it would take to go there: Las Cases answered,
+"As the tide will be against us, it will require five or six hours."
+Why these false statements were made, I cannot pretend to say; but it
+is very certain that Buonaparte never quitted the frigates or Isle
+d'Aix, after his arrival there on the 3rd of July.
+
+General Lallemand took occasion to ask me if I thought there would be
+any risk of the people, who might accompany Buonaparte, being given
+up to the Government of France: I replied, "Certainly not; the British
+Government never could think of doing so, under the circumstances
+contemplated in the present arrangement."
+
+They left me about half-past nine A.M. In the course of the day, I was
+joined by the Myrmidon, Captain Gambier, who had been sent to me by
+Captain Green, of the Daphne, with a letter he had received from
+Captain Aylmer, of the Pactolus, in the Gironde, bringing information
+that it was the intention of Buonaparte to escape from Rochefort in a
+Danish sloop, concealed in a cask stowed in the ballast, with tubes so
+constructed as to convey air for his breathing. I afterwards inquired
+of General Savary, if there had been any foundation for such a report;
+when he informed me that the plan had been thought of, and the vessel
+in some measure prepared; but it was considered too hazardous; for had
+we detained the vessel for a day or two, he would have been obliged
+to make his situation known, and thereby forfeited all claims to the
+good treatment he hoped to ensure by a voluntary surrender.
+
+The two Captains dined with me, and afterwards went on board the
+Myrmidon, to take up a position to the north-east of the Bellerophon,
+to prevent vessels from passing close in shore, and thus to render the
+blockade of the port more complete.
+
+Soon after they left me, a barge was perceived rowing off from the
+frigates towards the Bellerophon with a flag-of-truce up; on which I
+recalled Captains Sartorius and Gambier, by signal, that they might be
+present at any communication that was to be made. The boat got
+alongside about seven P.M. and brought Count Las Cases, accompanied by
+General Baron Gourgaud, one of Buonaparte's Aid-de-Camps. On their
+coming on deck, I immediately addressed Las Cases, saying, "It is
+impossible you could have been at Rochefort, and returned, since you
+left me this morning." He replied, "No; it was not necessary; I found
+the Emperor at Isle d'Aix, on my arrival there." He then told me, he
+was charged with a letter from General Bertrand. We walked into the
+cabin, when he delivered it to me; it was as follows:--
+
+
+                                                 "Le 14 Juillet, 1815.
+
+"Monsieur le Commandant,
+
+"Monsieur le Comte de Las Cases a rendu compte � l'Empereur de la
+conversation qu'il a eue ce matin � votre bord. S. M. se rendra � la
+mar�e de demain, vers quatre ou cinq heures du matin, � bord de votre
+vaisseau. Je vous envoye Monsieur le Comte de Las Cases, Conseiller
+d'�tat, faisant fonction de Mar�chal de Logis, avec la liste des
+personnes composant la suite de S. M. Si l'Amiral, en cons�quence de
+la demande que vous lui avez adress�e, vous envoye le sauf conduit
+demand� pour les �tats Unis, S. M. s'y rendra avec plaisir; mais au
+d�faut du sauf conduit, il se rendra volontiers en Angleterre, comme
+simple particulier, pour y jouir de la protection des loix de votre
+pays.
+
+"S. M. a exp�di� Monsieur le Mar�chal de Camp Baron Gourgaud aupr�s du
+Prince R�gent, avec une lettre, dont j'ai l'honneur de vous envoyer
+copie, vous priant de la faire passer au Ministre auquel vous croyez
+n�cessaire d'envoyer cet officier g�n�ral, afin qu'il ait l'honneur de
+remettre au Prince R�gent la lettre dont il est charg�.
+
+  "J'ai l'honneur d'�tre,
+        Monsieur le Commandant,
+            Votre tr�s humble et tr�s ob�issant Serviteur,
+                                      Le Grand Mar�chal,
+                                                      COMTE BERTRAND."
+
+"� Monsieur le Commandant des Croisi�res devant Rochefort."
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"Count Las Cases has reported to the Emperor the conversation which he
+had with you this morning. His Majesty will proceed on board your ship
+with the ebb tide to-morrow morning, between four and five o'clock.
+
+"I send the Count Las Cases, Counsellor of State, doing the duty of
+Mar�chal de Logis, with the list of persons composing His Majesty's
+suite.
+
+"If the Admiral, in consequence of the despatch you forwarded to him,
+should send the passport for the United States therein demanded, His
+Majesty will be happy to repair to America; but should the passport be
+withheld, he will willingly proceed to England, as a private
+individual, there to enjoy the protection of the laws of your
+country.
+
+"His Majesty has despatched Major General Baron Gourgaud to the Prince
+Regent with a letter, a copy of which I have the honour to enclose,
+requesting that you will forward it to such one of the ministers as
+you may think it necessary to send that general officer, that he may
+have the honour of delivering the letter with which he is charged to
+the Prince Regent.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                        Sir,
+                          Your very humble servant,
+                                                      COUNT BERTRAND."
+
+"To the Officer commanding the Cruizers off Rochefort."
+
+
+_List of persons composing the suite of Napoleon Buonaparte, enclosed
+in the above Letter, and the manner in which they were distributed
+during the passage to England._
+
+
+BELLEROPHON.
+
+_G�n�raux._
+
+  Le Lieutenant G�n�ral Comte Bertrand, Gd. Mar�chal.
+  Le Lieutenant G�n�ral Duc de Rovigo.
+  Le Lieutenant G�n�ral Baron Lallemand Aide de Camp de S. M.
+  Le Mar�chal de Camp Comte de Montholon Aide de Camp de S. M.
+  Le Comte de Las Cases Conseiller d'�tat.
+
+_Dames._
+
+  Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.
+  Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.
+
+_Enfans._
+
+  3 Enfans de Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.
+  1 Enfant de Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.
+
+_Officiers._
+
+  M. de Planat, Lieutenant-Colonel.
+  M. Maingaut, Chirurgien de S. M.
+  M. Las Cases, Page.
+
+_Service de la Chambre._
+
+  M. M. Marchand               1 Valet de Chambre.
+  Gilli                        Valet de Chambre.
+  St Denis                     Valet de Chambre.
+  Novarra                      Idem.
+  Denis                        Gar�on de Garderobe.
+
+_Livr�e._
+
+  Archambaud                   1 Valet de pied.
+  Gaudron                      Valet de pied.
+  Gentilini                    Id.
+
+_Service de la Bouche._
+
+  M. M. Fontain                1 Ma�tre d'H�tel.
+  Pi�ron                       Chef d'Office.
+  La Fosse                     Cuisinier.
+  Le Page                      Idem.
+
+  2 Femmes de Chambre de Madame la Comtesse Bertrand.
+  1 Femme de Chambre de Madame la Comtesse de Montholon.
+
+_Suite des personnes qui accompagnent S. M._
+
+  1 Valet de Chambre           du Duc de Rovigo.
+  1 do.                        du Comte Bertrand.
+  1 do.                        du Comte de Montholon.
+  1 Valet de pied              du Comte Bertrand.
+      Total 7.
+
+
+_Recapitulation._
+
+  G�n�raux                                     5
+  Dames                                        2
+  Enfans                                       4
+  Officiers                                    3
+  Service de la Chambre de S. M.               5
+  Livr�e de S. M.                              3
+  Service de la Bouche                         4
+  Suite des personnes qui accompagnent S. M.   7
+                                              --
+  Total                                       33
+                                              --
+
+
+LA CORVETTE.
+
+_Officiers._
+
+  Le Lieutenant Colonel        Resigni.
+  Le Lieutenant Colonel        Schultz.
+  Le Capitaine                 Autrie.
+  Le Capitaine                 Mesener.
+  Le Capitaine                 Prontowski.
+  Le Lieutenant                Rivi�re.
+  Le Sous Lieutenant           Ste Catherine.
+
+_Suite de S. M._
+
+  Capriani                     Ma�tre d'H�tel.
+  Santini                      Huissier.
+  Chauvin                      Id.
+  Rousseau                     Lampiste.
+  Archambaud                   Valet de pied.
+  Joseph                       Id.
+  Le Charron                   Id.
+  Lisiaux                      Garde d'Office.
+  Ortini                       Valet de pied.
+  Fumeau                       Idem.
+
+
+_Recapitulation._
+
+  Officiers                                    7
+  Suite                                       10
+                                              --
+  Total                                       17
+                                              --
+
+
+Enclosed was likewise a copy of the well-known letter addressed by
+Buonaparte to His Royal Highness the Prince Regent.
+
+"Altesse Royale,
+
+"En butte aux factions qui divisent mon pays et � l'inimiti� des plus
+grandes puissances de l'Europe, j'ai termin� ma carri�re politique, et
+je viens comme Th�mistocle m'asseoir sur le foyer du peuple
+Britannique. Je me mets sous la protection de ses loix, que je r�clame
+de votre Altesse Royale, comme au plus puissant, au plus constant, et
+au plus g�n�reux de mes Ennemis."
+
+  "Rochefort, 13 Juillet, 1815,
+                                                    "Sign�, NAPOL�ON."
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+                                          "Rochefort, July 13th, 1815.
+
+"Your Royal Highness,
+
+"A victim to the factions which distract my country, and to the enmity
+of the greatest powers of Europe, I have terminated my political
+career, and I come, like Themistocles, to throw myself upon the
+hospitality of the British people. I put myself under the protection
+of their laws; which I claim from your Royal Highness, as the most
+powerful, the most constant, and the most generous of my enemies.
+
+                                                            NAPOLEON."
+
+
+On reading the above, I told Monsieur Las Cases that I would receive
+Buonaparte on board, and immediately forward General Gourgaud to
+England by the Slaney, along with my despatches to the Admiralty; but
+that he would not be allowed to land until permission was received
+from London, or the sanction of the Admiral at the port he might
+arrive at obtained. I assured him, however, that the copy of the
+letter with which he was charged would be forwarded without loss of
+time, and presented by the Ministers to his Royal Highness. Count Las
+Cases then asked for paper, that he might communicate by letter to
+Bertrand my acquiescence in the proposal he had brought, for my
+receiving, and conveying to England, Buonaparte and his suite.
+
+When General Gourgaud was about to write the letter, to prevent any
+future misunderstanding, I said, "Monsieur Las Cases, you will
+recollect that I am not authorised to stipulate as to the reception of
+Buonaparte in England, but that he must consider himself entirely at
+the disposal of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent." He answered, "I
+am perfectly aware of that, and have already acquainted the Emperor
+with what you said on the subject."
+
+It might, perhaps, have been better if this declaration had been given
+in an official written form; and could I have foreseen the discussions
+which afterwards took place, and which will appear in the sequel, I
+undoubtedly should have done so; but as I repeatedly made it in the
+presence of witnesses, it did not occur to me as being necessary; and
+how could a stronger proof be adduced, that no stipulations were
+agreed to respecting the reception of Buonaparte in England, than the
+fact of their not being reduced to writing? which certainly would have
+been the case had any favourable terms been demanded on the part of
+Monsieur Las Cases, and agreed to by me.
+
+The French boat was soon after despatched with the letter to Bertrand,
+in charge of a French naval officer, who had attended Las Cases on
+board; and as soon as I had finished the following despatch to the
+Secretary of the Admiralty, I sent Captain Sartorius, of the Slaney,
+to England, accompanied by General Gourgaud.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Captain Maitland, of His Majesty's ship
+Bellerophon, addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, dated in
+Basque Roads, 14th July, 1815.
+
+
+"For the information of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, I
+have to acquaint you that the Count Las Cases and General Lallemand
+this day came on board His Majesty's ship under my command, with a
+proposal from Count Bertrand for me to receive on board Napoleon
+Buonaparte, for the purpose of throwing himself on the generosity of
+the Prince Regent. Conceiving myself authorised by their Lordships'
+secret order, I have acceded to the proposal, and he is to embark on
+board this ship to-morrow morning. That no misunderstanding might
+arise, I have explicitly and clearly explained to Count Las Cases,
+that I have no authority whatever for granting terms of any sort, but
+that all I can do is to carry him and his suite to England, to be
+received in such manner as his Royal Highness may deem expedient.
+
+"At Napoleon Buonaparte's request, and that their Lordships may be in
+possession of the transaction at as early a period as possible, I
+despatch the Slaney (with General Gourgaud, his Aide de Camp),
+directing Captain Sartorius to put into the nearest port, and forward
+this letter by his first Lieutenant, and shall in compliance with
+their Lordships' orders proceed to Torbay, to await such directions as
+the Admiralty may think proper to give.
+
+"Enclosed, I transmit a copy of the letter with which General
+Gourgaud is charged, to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent, and
+request that you will acquaint their Lordships, that the General
+informs me, he is entrusted with further particulars, which he is
+anxious to communicate to his Royal Highness."
+
+When these gentlemen had left the ship, as well as the Saale's barge,
+I said to Monsieur Las Cases, I propose dividing the after-cabin in
+two, that the ladies may have the use of one part of it. "If you allow
+me to give an opinion," said he, "the Emperor will be better pleased
+to have the whole of the after-cabin to himself, as he is fond of
+walking about, and will by that means be able to take more exercise."
+I answered, "As it is my wish to treat him with every possible
+consideration while he is on board the ship I command, I shall make
+any arrangement you think will be most agreeable to him."
+
+This is the only conversation that ever passed on the subject of the
+cabin; and I am the more particular in stating it, as Buonaparte has
+been described, in some of the public Journals, as having taken
+possession of it in a most brutal way, saying, "Tout ou rien pour
+moi:"--All or nothing for me. I here therefore, once for all, beg to
+state most distinctly, that, from the time of his coming on board my
+ship, to the period of his quitting her, his conduct was invariably
+that of a gentleman; and in no one instance do I recollect him to have
+made use of a rude expression, or to have been guilty of any kind of
+ill-breeding.
+
+As the ship had for some time been kept clear for action, with all the
+bulkheads down, it became necessary to prepare for the reception of so
+many guests, by putting the cabins up again: in consequence of making
+the requisite arrangements, it was past one o'clock in the morning
+before I could get to bed. About ten at night, the officer of the
+watch informed me that a boat from the shore had asked permission to
+come alongside. A man being allowed to come on board from her; "I am
+sent off from Rochelle," said he, "to inform you that Buonaparte this
+morning passed that town in a chasse-mar�e, with another in company,
+for the purpose of escaping to sea by the Pertuis de Breton: he is now
+in that passage, and means to set sail this night." I told him, "that
+I doubted his information, having at that moment one of his attendants
+on board, who had come with a proposal for me to receive him into the
+ship." I then asked him how he came by his intelligence? He answered,
+"The vessels passed close to a boat that I was in; and I saw a man
+wrapt up in a sailor's great coat, whom one of the people with me
+asserted to be him: for my part, I am not acquainted with his
+appearance, never having seen him; but when the owner of the vessels
+attempted to go on board of them, he was kept off, and told that they
+were required for two or three days, when they would be restored with
+ample payment." He told his story so circumstantially, and with such
+confidence, that I feared there must be grounds for what he stated;
+and the anxiety of my situation may be easily conceived, when it is
+recollected that I had sent off a ship to England with despatches,
+announcing the intention of Buonaparte to embark the following morning
+in the Bellerophon. After a little consideration, I determined to
+inform Las Cases abruptly of the intelligence I had received, and
+endeavour to judge by the effect it had on his countenance, whether
+there was any truth in the report or not. I accordingly went into the
+cabin and did so; he seemed perfectly calm and collected, saying,
+"Pray at what hour does your informant state the Emperor to have
+passed Rochelle?" "At ten A.M." "Then I can safely assert, on my
+honour, that he was not in either of those vessels. I left him at
+half-past five this evening, when it was his full intention to come on
+board this ship to-morrow morning; what he may have done since that
+hour, I cannot be responsible for." I answered, "As you give your word
+of honour that Buonaparte had not left Isle d'Aix when you quitted it,
+I shall trust to what you say, and take no steps in consequence of the
+information that has been brought to me, but conclude it has
+originated in some mistake."
+
+About three in the morning, the officer of the watch awoke me, and
+said that another boat wished to come alongside. I rose and went upon
+deck immediately, and found that she brought the same intelligence
+from another quarter; and they both eventually proved correct, to a
+certain extent: for two chasse-mar�es, as I was afterwards informed,
+had been prepared, manned, and officered from the frigates, to be used
+as a last resource to attempt an escape in, in the event of Las
+Cases' mission to the Bellerophon not being successful; and they had
+actually passed Rochelle, in their way to Pointeau d'Aguillon, at the
+hour specified, and were there to await his joining them should it
+prove necessary.[3]
+
+         [Footnote 3: Chasse-Mar�es are small decked vessels, rigged
+         as luggers; they are generally from twenty to thirty-five
+         tons burthen, and are used almost exclusively for the
+         coasting trade of France. Though there is no doubt that,
+         during the summer months, a vessel of this description might
+         succeed in making the voyage to America; yet if we take into
+         consideration the indolent habits that Buonaparte had of late
+         years given way to; the very small space for the
+         accommodation of himself and suite, and for the stowage of
+         provisions, water, and other necessaries; that there was no
+         friendly port he could have touched at, to gain
+         supplies;--the utter impracticability of his reaching his
+         destination in a vessel of that description, even if he had
+         eluded the vigilance of our cruisers, will at once be evident
+         to every one.]
+
+After I had determined to abide by Las Cases' assurance, that
+Buonaparte had not quitted Isle d'Aix, I enquired of the person who
+brought off the information in the evening, "What was the state of
+Rochelle, and whether I might with safety send a boat there to
+purchase refreshments?" as the white flag was then hoisted all over
+the town; he said, "he would not recommend it, as, though the
+towns-people were well inclined towards the Bourbon family, the
+garrison, consisting of four thousand men, were all attached to
+Buonaparte; but if he were once on board the ship, there would be no
+risk in doing so, as their fear of his meeting with bad treatment
+would keep the soldiers in awe."
+
+At break of day, on the 15th of July, 1815, l'�pervier French brig of
+war was discovered under sail, standing out towards the ship, with a
+flag of truce up; and at the same time the Superb, bearing Sir Henry
+Hotham's flag, was seen in the offing. By half-past five the ebb-tide
+failed, the wind was blowing right in, and the brig, which was within
+a mile of us, made no further progress; while the Superb was
+advancing with the wind and tide in her favour. Thus situated, and
+being most anxious to terminate the affair I had brought so near a
+conclusion, previous to the Admiral's arrival, I sent off Mr Mott, the
+First Lieutenant, in the barge, who returned soon after six o'clock,
+bringing Napoleon with him.
+
+On coming on board the Bellerophon, he was received without any of the
+honours generally paid to persons of high rank; the guard was drawn
+out on the break of the poop, but did not present arms. His Majesty's
+Government had merely given directions, in the event of his being
+captured, for his being removed into any one of his Majesty's ships
+that might fall in with him; but no instructions had been given as to
+the light in which he was to be viewed. As it is not customary,
+however, on board a British ship of war, to pay any such honours
+before the colours are hoisted at eight o'clock in the morning, or
+after sunset, I made the early hour an excuse for withholding them
+upon this occasion.
+
+Buonaparte's dress was an olive-coloured great coat over a green
+uniform, with scarlet cape and cuffs, green lapels turned back and
+edged with scarlet, skirts hooked back with bugle horns embroidered in
+gold, plain sugar-loaf buttons and gold epaulettes; being the uniform
+of the Chasseur � Cheval of the Imperial Guard. He wore the star, or
+grand cross of the Legion of Honour, and the small cross of that
+order; the Iron Crown; and the Union, appended to the button-hole of
+his left lapel. He had on a small cocked hat, with a tri-coloured
+cockade; plain gold-hilted sword, military boots, and white waistcoat
+and breeches. The following day he appeared in shoes, with gold
+buckles, and silk stockings--the dress he always wore afterwards,
+while with me.
+
+On leaving the �pervier, he was cheered by her ship's company as long
+as the boat was within hearing; and Mr Mott informed me that most of
+the officers and men had tears in their eyes.
+
+General Bertrand came first up the ship's side, and said to me, "The
+Emperor is in the boat." He then ascended, and, when he came on the
+quarter-deck, pulled off his hat, and, addressing me in a firm tone of
+voice, said, "I am come to throw myself on the protection of your
+Prince and laws." When I showed him into the cabin, he looked round
+and said, "Une belle chambre," "This is a handsome cabin." I answered,
+"Such as it is, Sir, it is at your service while you remain on board
+the ship I command." He then looked at a portrait that was hanging
+up, and said, "Qui est cette jeune personne?" "Who is that young
+lady?" "My wife," I replied. "Ah! elle est tr�s jeune et tr�s jolie,"
+"Ah! she is both young and pretty."[4] He then asked what countrywoman
+she was, begged to know if I had any children, and put a number of
+questions respecting my country, and the service I had seen. He next
+requested I would send for the officers, and introduce them to him:
+which was done according to their rank. He asked several questions of
+each, as to the place of his birth, the situation he held in the ship,
+the length of time he had served, and the actions he had been in. He
+then expressed a desire to go round the ship; but, as the men had not
+done cleaning, I told him it was customary to clean the lower decks
+immediately after their breakfast, that they were then so employed,
+and, if he would defer visiting the ship until they had finished, he
+would see her to more advantage.
+
+         [Footnote 4: I have been induced to insert Buonaparte's
+         observation on Mrs M.'s portrait, as well as one he made on
+         seeing her alongside of the Bellerophon in Plymouth Sound, as
+         they show, in a strong point of view, a peculiar trait in his
+         character; that of making a favourable impression on those
+         with whom he conversed, by seizing every opportunity of
+         saying what he considered would be pleasing and flattering to
+         their feelings.
+
+         [I have passed over the important and interesting passage
+         respecting Mrs M. I trust she will consent it should remain,
+         for I think everything connected with such a remarkable
+         passage of history becomes historical. Perhaps it will
+         somewhat change the view of the subject, and relieve Mrs M.'s
+         delicacy, if we consider it not as immediately applicable to
+         Mrs M. personally, but as a point illustrative of Bonaparte's
+         address. It was of importance to him to secure Capt.
+         Maitland's good opinion, and he took a delicate and ingenious
+         way of giving pleasure. I have always understood that there
+         could be only one opinion of the justice of the compliment,
+         yet I think the praise would have been bestowed even had the
+         portrait less charm. I do pray that Mrs M. will consent to be
+         _immortal_.--SCOTT.]]
+
+At this time I proposed to him to allow me to address him in English,
+as I had heard he understood that language, and I had considerable
+difficulty in expressing myself in French. He replied in French, "The
+thing is impossible; I hardly understand a word of your language:" and
+from the observations I had an opportunity of making afterwards, I am
+satisfied he made a correct statement, as, on looking into books or
+newspapers, he frequently asked the meaning of the most common word.
+He spoke his own language with a rapidity that at first made it
+difficult to follow him; and it was several days before I got so far
+accustomed to his manner of speaking, as to comprehend his meaning
+immediately.
+
+In about a quarter of an hour, he again intimated a desire to go round
+the ship; and although I told him he would find the men rubbing and
+scouring, he persisted in his wish of seeing her in the state she then
+was. He accordingly went over all her decks, asking me many questions;
+more particularly about any thing that appeared to him different from
+what he had been accustomed to see in French ships of war. He seemed
+most struck with the cleanliness and neatness of the men, saying "that
+our seamen were surely a different class of people from the French;
+and that he thought it was owing to them we were always victorious at
+sea." I answered, "I must beg leave to differ with you: I do not wish
+to take from the merit of our men; but my own opinion is, that perhaps
+we owe our advantage to the superior experience of the officers; and I
+believe the French seamen, if taken as much pains with, would look as
+well as ours. As British ships of war are constantly at sea, the
+officers have nothing to divert their attention from them and their
+men; and in consequence, not only is their appearance more attended
+to, but they are much better trained to the service they have to
+perform."
+
+"I believe you are right," said he. He then went on to talk of
+several naval actions; adding, "Your laws are either more severe, or
+better administered, than ours; there are many instances of French
+officers having conducted themselves ill in battle, without my being
+able to punish them as they deserved:" among others, he mentioned the
+names of two naval officers; and speaking of one of them, said, "He
+ought to have suffered death, and I did all I could to bring it about,
+but he was tried by a French naval court-martial, which only dismissed
+him the service." I observed, "The laws appear sometimes to be
+administered with more than sufficient severity. I commanded a frigate
+in the affair of Basque Roads; and in my opinion, the sentence of
+death on the Captain of the Calcutta was unjust: he could do no more
+to save his ship, and she was defended better and longer than any one
+there." He answered, "You are not aware of the circumstances that
+occasioned his condemnation; he was the first man to quit his ship,
+which was fought some time by her officers and crew after he had left
+her."
+
+He next said, "I can see no sufficient reason why your ships should
+beat the French with so much ease. The finest men of war in your
+service are French; a French ship is heavier in every respect than one
+of yours, she carries more guns, those guns of a larger calibre, and
+has a great many more men." I replied, "I have already accounted for
+it to you, in the superior experience of our men and officers." "I
+understand," said he, "from some Frenchmen who were on board your ship
+for several days,[5] that you take great pains in exercising your
+guns, and training your men to fire at a mark." I answered, "I did so,
+because I considered it of the greatest importance;" and I added,
+"that if the frigates had attempted to put to sea, he would probably
+have had an opportunity of seeing the effect of it." He asked me "if I
+thought two frigates, with four-and-twenty pounders on their main
+decks,[6] were a match for a seventy-four gun ship; and whether it was
+my opinion, if he had attempted to force a passage in the ships at
+Isle d'Aix, it would have been attended with success." I replied,
+"that the fire of a two-deck ship was so much more compact, and
+carried such an immense weight of iron, in proportion to that of a
+frigate, and there was so much difficulty in bringing two or three
+ships to act with effect at the same time upon one, that I scarcely
+considered three frigates a match for one line-of-battle ship;--that,
+with respect to forcing a passage past the Bellerophon, it must have
+depended greatly on accident, but the chances were much against it; as
+the frigates would have had to beat out against the wind for three or
+four leagues, though a narrow passage, exposed to the fire of a
+seventy-four gun ship, which, from being to windward, would have had
+the power of taking the position most advantageous for herself." He
+then said, reverting to what had passed before about firing at marks,
+"You have a great advantage over France in your finances: I have long
+wished to introduce the use of powder and shot in exercise; but the
+expense was too great for the country to bear." He examined the sights
+on the guns, and approved of them highly; asked the weight of metal on
+the different decks, disapproving of the mixture of different calibres
+on the quarter-deck and forecastle. I told him the long nines were
+placed in the way of the rigging, that they might carry the fire from
+the explosion clear of it, which a carronade would not do: he
+answered, "That may be necessary, but it must be attended with
+inconvenience." His enquiries were generally much to the purpose, and
+showed that he had given naval matters a good deal of consideration.
+
+         [Footnote 5: They were part of the officers and crew of the
+         �neas store-ship, mentioned as having been detained on the
+         18th of June, who were on board the Bellerophon about a week,
+         and were landed at Isle d'Aix, in a chasse-mar�e, a few days
+         before Buonaparte's arrival there.]
+
+         [Footnote 6: I was afterwards told, that one of the frigates,
+         at Isle d'Aix, had changed her eighteen pounders for
+         twenty-fours.]
+
+On seeing the additional supply of wads for each deck made up along
+with the shot-boxes, in the form of sophas, with neat canvass covers,
+he observed, "The French ships of war have all the preparations for
+action that you have, but they have not the way of combining
+appearance with utility."
+
+We had breakfast about nine o'clock, in the English style, consisting
+of tea, coffee, cold meat, &c. He did not eat much, or seem to relish
+it; and when, on enquiry, I found he was accustomed to have a hot meal
+in the morning, I immediately ordered my steward to allow his Ma�tre
+d'H�tel to give directions, that he might invariably be served in the
+manner he had been used to; and after that we always lived in the
+French fashion, as far as I could effect that object.
+
+During breakfast he asked many questions about English customs,
+saying, "I must now learn to conform myself to them, as I shall
+probably pass the remainder of my life in England."
+
+The Superb, as I before observed, had been seen in the offing early in
+the morning, and was now approaching with a light breeze: he asked two
+or three times how soon she would anchor, seemed very anxious to know
+whether the Admiral would approve of my having received him; and when
+I went to wait on Sir Henry Hotham, requested I would say he was
+desirous of seeing him.
+
+The Superb anchored about half-past ten, and I immediately went on
+board, and gave the Admiral an account of all that had occurred,
+adding, "I trust I have done right, and that the Government will
+approve of my conduct, as I considered it of much importance to
+prevent Buonaparte's escape to America, and to get possession of his
+person." Sir Henry Hotham said, "Getting hold of him on any terms
+would have been of the greatest consequence; but as you have entered
+into no conditions whatever, there cannot be a doubt that you will
+obtain the approbation of his Majesty's Government."
+
+He then said, "How do you feel as to keeping him? would you like to
+part with him?" "Certainly not," was my answer: "as I have had all the
+anxiety and responsibility of conducting this matter to an issue, I am
+of course desirous of taking him to England; but, as I do not wish to
+keep him, or any man, in my ship against his will, if he desires to
+remove into another, I shall certainly not object."
+
+I then delivered Buonaparte's message, that he was desirous of
+receiving a visit from the Admiral, who said he would wait upon him
+with much pleasure.
+
+I soon after returned to the Bellerophon, and told Buonaparte that the
+Admiral meant to wait on him; upon which he desired Count Bertrand to
+go and pay his respects to Sir Henry. I accompanied him, and while the
+Admiral was preparing for his visit, Captain Senhouse attended General
+Bertrand through the ship.
+
+In the afternoon, Sir Henry Hotham, accompanied by Captain Senhouse,
+and Mr Irving, his secretary, came on board the Bellerophon. They were
+introduced to Buonaparte by General Bertrand, in the after-cabin,
+where he had a good deal of conversation with them: he showed his
+portable library, which was laid out in small travelling cases round
+the cabin; asked various questions, principally relative to the
+discipline and regulation of our ships of war, and finally invited
+them all to remain to dinner.
+
+Dinner was served about five o'clock upon Buonaparte's plate. This was
+arranged by his Ma�tre d'H�tel, whom I had told to regulate every
+thing in the manner most likely to be agreeable to his master.
+
+When dinner was announced, Buonaparte, viewing himself as a Royal
+personage, which he continued to do while on board the Bellerophon,
+and which, under the circumstances, I considered it would have been
+both ungracious and uncalled for in me to have disputed, led the way
+into the dining-room. He seated himself in the centre at one side of
+the table, requesting Sir Henry Hotham to sit at his right hand, and
+Madame Bertrand on his left. For that day I sat as usual at the head
+of the table, but on the following day, and every other, whilst
+Buonaparte remained on board, I sat by his request at his right hand,
+and General Bertrand took the top. Two of the ward-room officers dined
+daily at the table, by invitation from Buonaparte, conveyed through
+Count Bertrand.
+
+He conversed a great deal, and showed no depression of spirits: among
+other things, he asked me where I was born. I told him, in Scotland.
+"Have you any property there?" said he. "No, I am a younger brother,
+and they do not bestow much on people of that description in
+Scotland." "Is your elder brother a Lord?" "No, Lord Lauderdale is the
+head of our family." "Ah! you are a relation of Lord Lauderdale's! he
+is an acquaintance of mine, he was sent Ambassador from your King to
+me, when Mr Fox was Prime Minister: had Mr Fox lived, it never would
+have come to this, but his death put an end to all hopes of peace.
+Milord Lauderdale est un bon gar�on;" adding, "I think you resemble
+him a little, though he is dark and you are fair."[7]
+
+         [Footnote 7: [It was an odd idea that you should be like Lord
+         Lauderdale.--SCOTT.]]
+
+When dinner was over, a cup of strong coffee was handed round; he then
+rose and went into the after-cabin, asking the Admiral and all the
+party to accompany him, the ladies among the rest. This was the only
+time I ever saw them in the apartment in which he slept.
+
+After some conversation, he said, in a cheerful and playful way, that
+he would show us his camp bed; and sent for Marchand, his premier
+valet de chambre, who received his order, and soon returned with two
+small packages in leather cases; one of which contained the bedstead,
+which was composed of steel, and, when packed up, was not above two
+feet long and eighteen inches in circumference; the other contained
+the mattress and curtains, the latter of green silk. In three minutes
+the whole was put together, and formed a very elegant small bed, about
+thirty inches wide.
+
+He then went out, and walked the quarter-deck for some time, and
+retired to his cabin about half-past seven o'clock. Soon after, when
+the Admiral was going to return to his ship, he proposed to Bertrand
+to take leave of him. He went into the cabin, but returned immediately
+with an apology, saying he was undressed, and going to bed.
+
+In the course of the afternoon, the Admiral invited Buonaparte, with
+the ladies and all his principal officers, to breakfast, the following
+day: which invitation was accepted, apparently, with much
+satisfaction.
+
+When I went on deck, early the next morning, (the 16th of July) I
+observed that the Superb had the tompions out of her guns, and the man
+ropes on her yards, as if for the purpose of saluting and manning
+ships; and as I had received Buonaparte without even the guard
+presenting arms, I felt that he might conceive I had intentionally
+treated him with disrespect. I therefore sent the officer of the watch
+with my compliments to Sir Henry Hotham, and begged to know if it was
+his intention to salute Buonaparte on his going on board, and to
+receive him with manned yards; and, if so, whether I was to do the
+same, on his quitting the Bellerophon. He sent for answer, that it was
+not his intention to salute, but he meant to man ship; that I was not
+to do so on his quitting the Bellerophon, but was at liberty to man
+yards on his return. I likewise received directions from the Admiral
+to hoist a signal, when the boat with his visitors was ready to leave
+the ship, that he might have time to make the necessary preparations.
+
+About ten A.M. the barge was manned, and a captain's guard turned out.
+When Buonaparte came on deck, he looked at the marines, who were
+generally fine-looking young men, with much satisfaction; went through
+their ranks, inspected their arms, and admired their appearance,
+saying to Bertrand, "How much might be done with a hundred thousand
+such soldiers as these." He asked which had been longest in the corps;
+went up and spoke to him. His questions were put in French, which I
+interpreted, as well as the man's answers. He enquired how many years
+he had served; on being told upwards of ten, he turned to me and said,
+"Is it not customary in your service, to give a man who has been in
+it so long some mark of distinction?" He was informed that the person
+in question had been a sergeant, but was reduced to the ranks for some
+misconduct. He then put the guard through part of their exercise,
+whilst I interpreted to the Captain of Marines, who did not understand
+French, the manoeuvres he wished to have performed. He made some
+remarks upon the difference of the charge with the bayonet between our
+troops and the French; and found fault with our method of fixing the
+bayonet to the musquet, as being more easy to twist off, if seized by
+an enemy when in the act of charging.
+
+On getting into the boat, he looked at the barge's crew, and said,
+"What a very fine set of men you have got!" He then turned to Las
+Cases, who had come on board the ship in plain clothes, but now
+appeared in a naval uniform, and said jocularly, "Comment, Las Cases,
+vous �tes militaire?" "What, Las Cases, are you a military man? I
+have never till now seen you in uniform." He answered, "Please your
+Majesty, before the revolution I was a lieutenant in the navy; and as
+I think an uniform carries more consideration with it in a foreign
+country, I have adopted it."
+
+His attention was now drawn to the men on the Superb's yards, as well
+as to the appearance of the ship, about which he made some
+observations, and asked several questions; among others, whether she
+was French or English; what her age was; the number of guns she
+carried, and the weight of metal on each deck.
+
+On going alongside, General Bertrand went up and announced to the
+Admiral, that the Emperor, for they always gave him that title, was in
+the boat. He then went up, and was received by Sir Henry Hotham on the
+quarter-deck, where a captain's guard was turned out to him. He was
+immediately shown into the cabin, and, after looking round him,
+requested to have the officers presented, which was done; when he
+asked nearly the same questions of each, that he had put to those of
+the Bellerophon the day before. He then expressed a wish to go through
+the ship; and did so, accompanied by several of his own suite, the
+Admiral, Captain Senhouse, and myself. The men were drawn up at
+divisions, and every thing was in the nicest order. He appeared much
+pleased with all he saw, and drew many comparisons between French and
+English ships of war. On going through the wings and storerooms, he
+said to General Savary, "Our ships have nothing of this sort:" who
+answered, "All the new ones, built at Antwerp, were constructed on
+this plan." When he returned to the quarter-deck, he questioned the
+Admiral and myself very minutely, about the clothing and victualling
+of the seamen. It was then, on being told that all that department
+was under the charge of the purser, he said in a facetious way, "Je
+crois que c'est quelquefois chez vous, comme chez nous, le commissaire
+est un peu coquin." "I believe it happens sometimes with you, as it
+does with us, that the purser is a little of a rogue." This was
+addressed to the Admiral and me, with whom he was conversing, and not
+to the people, as has been represented; nor was there a man that could
+have understood it, as it was spoken in French, and not within their
+hearing. He asked to see the Chaplain, put a few questions to him as
+to the number of Catholics and foreigners in the ship, and whether any
+of them spoke the French language. A Guernsey man was pointed out to
+him, but he had no conversation with him.
+
+He was then shown into the cabin, where breakfast was prepared: during
+which meal he talked a good deal, but ate little, the breakfast being
+served in the English manner. I observed, during the whole time of
+breakfast, that Colonel Planat, who was much attached to him, and of
+whom Buonaparte always expressed himself in terms of affection, had
+tears running down his cheeks, and seemed greatly distressed at the
+situation of his master. And, from the opportunities I afterwards had
+of observing this young man's character, I feel convinced he had a
+strong personal attachment to Buonaparte;--and this, indeed, as far as
+I could judge, was the case also with all his other attendants,
+without exception.
+
+On rising from the breakfast-table, the whole party went into the
+after-cabin, where a discussion took place about Buonaparte's horses
+and carriages, which had been left at Rochefort, and which he was
+desirous of having forwarded to England. I had formerly agreed, in the
+event of their arriving, to receive two carriages, and five or six
+horses, as many as the ship could conveniently stow; but as they had
+not come, the Admiral now consented to give a passport for a vessel to
+transport the whole of them, consisting of six carriages and
+forty-five horses: which was accordingly made out, and forwarded to
+Monsieur Philibert, the senior naval officer at Isle d'Aix, but I
+believe it was never acted upon.
+
+We all returned to the Bellerophon about noon, when the ships present
+manned their yards, the boat was immediately hoisted in, and the ship
+got under weigh, in pursuance of orders from the Admiral, of which the
+following is an extract.
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Rear Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, K.C.B.,
+addressed to Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Superb, in
+Basque Roads, July 15th, 1815.
+
+
+"You are hereby required and directed to take the Myrmidon under your
+orders, and, putting on board her such persons composing a part of
+the suite of Napoleon Buonaparte as cannot be conveyed in the
+Bellerophon, you are to put to sea in H.M.S. under your command, in
+company with the Myrmidon, and make the best of your way with Napoleon
+Buonaparte and his suite to Torbay, and there landing the officer of
+the ship bearing my flag, whom I have charged with a despatch
+addressed to the Secretary of the Admiralty, as well as an officer of
+the ship you command, for the purpose of proceeding express to
+Plymouth with the despatch you will herewith receive, addressed to
+Admiral Lord Keith, and a copy of these instructions (which you will
+transmit to his Lordship,) await orders from the Lords Commissioners
+of the Admiralty, or his Lordship, for your further proceedings."
+
+During the time we were heaving the anchor up, and setting the sails,
+Buonaparte remained on the break of the poop; and was very
+inquisitive about what was going on. He observed, "Your method of
+performing this manoeuvre is quite different from the French;" and
+added, "What I admire most in your ship, is the extreme silence and
+orderly conduct of your men:--on board a French ship, every one calls
+and gives orders, and they gabble like so many geese." Previous to his
+quitting the Bellerophon he made the same remark, saying, "There has
+been less noise in this ship, where there are six hundred men, during
+the whole of the time I have been in her, than there was on board the
+�pervier, with only one hundred, in the passage from Isle d'Aix to
+Basque Roads."
+
+Soon after the ship was under weigh, the Mouche joined, with three or
+four sheep, a quantity of vegetables, and other refreshments,--a
+present from the French Commodore to Buonaparte. After receiving them
+on board, we made sail, accompanied by the Myrmidon, for England.
+
+In working out, we passed within about a cable's length of the Superb.
+He asked me if I considered that was near enough for a naval
+engagement: I answered, that half the distance, or even less, would
+suit much better; as it was a maxim in our navy, not to be further
+from our enemy than to give room for working the yards, and
+manoeuvring the ship.
+
+He remained upon deck all the time the ship was beating out of the
+Pertuis d'Antioche. Having cleared the Chasseron shoal about six P.M.,
+dinner was served. He conversed a great deal at table, and seemed in
+very good spirits; told several anecdotes of himself; among others,
+one relating to Sir Sydney Smith. Knowing that I had served under that
+officer on the coast of Syria, he turned to me and said, "Did Sir
+Sydney Smith ever tell you the cause of his quarrel with me?" I
+answered he had not. "Then," said he, "I will.--When the French army
+was before St Jean d'Acre, he had a paper privately distributed among
+the officers and soldiers, tending to induce them to revolt and quit
+me; on which I issued a proclamation, denouncing the English
+commanding-officer as a madman, and prohibiting all intercourse with
+him. This nettled Sir Sydney so much, that he sent me a challenge to
+meet him in single combat on the beach at Caiffa. My reply was, that
+when Marlborough appeared for that purpose, I should be at his
+service; but I had other duties to fulfil besides fighting a duel with
+an English commodore." He pursued the subject of Syria, and said,
+patting me (who was sitting next him) on the head; "If it had not been
+for you English, I should have been Emperor of the East; but wherever
+there is water to float a ship, we are sure to find you in our way."
+
+During the 17th and 18th of July, the weather was very fine, and
+nothing of note occurred. Several strange vessels were seen, about
+which Buonaparte and his attendants were very inquisitive, in order, I
+presume, that they might judge whether they would probably have
+escaped or not, had they put to sea. The only ship of war fallen in
+with on those days was the Bacchus sloop, which I pointed out; and at
+the same time informed him, that we had several frigates cruising in
+this position, for the purpose of intercepting him, had he got past
+the ships stationed close in with the land. This, as it afterward
+appeared, was not the case: the Endymion having gone into the Gironde,
+the Liffey having sprung her bowsprit and returned to England, and the
+others, from various causes, having quitted the station; so that, had
+he passed the squadron off Rochefort, there can be little doubt he
+would have made his voyage in safety to America.
+
+About this time, Buonaparte amused himself by playing at cards after
+breakfast: the game was _vingt-un_, in which all the party joined,
+except myself. He proposed that I should play with them, but I told
+him I had no money, making it a rule to leave it all with my wife
+before I went to sea: on which he laughed, and good-humouredly offered
+to lend me some, and trust me until we arrived in England: I, however,
+declined his offer, having the numerous duties of the ship to attend
+to.
+
+As my despatch of the 14th instant to the Secretary of the Admiralty
+had been very short, and written in great haste,--being desirous that
+his Majesty's Ministers should be made acquainted with the important
+arrangements agreed upon, as early as possible,--I considered it
+right to make a more detailed report to the Commander in Chief; and
+therefore wrote a despatch to Lord Keith, of which the following are
+extracts, intending to send it by the officer who should announce to
+him the Bellerophon's arrival in Torbay.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter From Captain Maitland, Addressed To Admiral
+Viscount Keith, G.C.B., Dated on Board H.M. Ship Bellerophon, at Sea,
+July 18th, 1815.
+
+
+"Having received directions from Sir Henry Hotham to forward the
+accompanying despatch to your Lordship by an officer, I avail myself
+of the opportunity to explain the circumstances under which I was
+placed when induced to receive Napoleon Buonaparte into the ship I
+command.
+
+"After the first communication was made to me by Count Bertrand (a
+copy of which, with my answer, has been forwarded to your Lordship by
+Sir Henry Hotham) that Buonaparte was at Isle d'Aix, and actually
+embarked on board the frigates for the purpose of proceeding to the
+United States of America, my duty became peculiarly harassing and
+anxious, owing to the numerous reports, that were daily brought from
+all quarters, of his intention to escape in vessels of various
+descriptions, and from different situations on the coast, of which the
+limited means I possessed, together with the length of time requisite
+to communicate with Sir Henry Hotham at Quiberon Bay, rendered the
+success at least possible, and even probable. Thus situated, the enemy
+having two frigates and a brig, while the force under my command
+consisted of the Bellerophon and Slaney (having detached the Myrmidon
+to reinforce the Daphne off the Mamusson passage, where the force was
+considerably superior to her, and whence one of the reports stated
+Buonaparte meant to sail,) another flag of truce was sent out, for the
+ostensible reason of enquiring whether I had received an answer to
+the former, but I soon ascertained the real one to be a proposal from
+Buonaparte to embark for England in this ship.
+
+"Taking into consideration all the circumstances of the probability of
+the escape being effected, if the trial was made either in the
+frigates, or clandestinely in a small vessel, as, had this ship been
+disabled in action, there was no other with me that could produce any
+effect on a frigate, and, from the experience I have had in blockading
+the ports of the bay, knowing the impossibility of preventing small
+vessels from getting to sea, and looking upon it as of the greatest
+importance to get possession of the person of Buonaparte; I was
+induced, without hesitation, to accede to the proposal, as far as
+taking him on board, and proceeding with him to England: but, at the
+same time, stating in the most clear and positive terms, that I had no
+authority to make any sort of stipulation as to the reception he was
+to meet with.
+
+"I am happy to say, that the measures I have adopted have met with the
+approbation of Sir Henry Hotham, and will, I trust and hope, receive
+that of your Lordship, as well as of his Majesty's Government."
+
+On the 29th, a conversation took place between Madame Bertrand and
+myself, about Buonaparte's voyage to Elba. She asked me if I was
+acquainted with Captain Usher. On my answering in the negative, she
+said, "The Emperor is very fond of him: he gave him his portrait set
+with diamonds, and has another which he intends for you." I replied,
+"I hope not, as I cannot accept of it. Captain Usher's situation and
+mine were very different, and what might be proper in him would not be
+so in me." She rejoined, "If you do not accept of it, you will offend
+him very much." "If that is the case," I said, "I shall be obliged to
+you to take steps to prevent its being offered, as I wish to save him
+the mortification, and myself the pain, of a refusal; and I feel it
+absolutely impossible, situated as I am, to take a present from him.
+In receiving him on board, I had no direct authority from my
+Government, and I have yet to learn whether my conduct will be
+approved of. Besides, were I to receive a present of such value, it
+might possibly be said, that I was actuated by selfish motives;
+whereas all the measures I have taken were dictated solely by the
+desire of serving my country to the best of my judgment: if,
+therefore, I am to receive any reward, it must come from that
+quarter."
+
+On the 20th of July, early in the morning, we spoke the Swiftsure, on
+her way from England to reinforce me in the blockade of Rochefort.
+The astonishment of Captain Webley can scarcely be conceived, when, on
+his entering the ship, I said, "Well, I have got him." "Got him! got
+whom?" "Why, Buonaparte; the man that has been keeping all Europe in a
+ferment these last twenty years." "Is it possible?" said he; "well,
+you are a lucky fellow." We had some further conversation; but Captain
+Webley was not introduced to Buonaparte, who had not then left his
+cabin; and as the Swiftsure was going to the southward, and I was
+desirous of getting to England as quickly as possible, we soon parted
+company.
+
+During the 21st and 22nd of July, we exchanged signals with two or
+three others of our ships, which I took care to explain were on the
+look-out for my guest; and he seemed by this time pretty well
+convinced that an attempt to elude our cruisers would have been
+fruitless. On the latter day, the Prometheus showed her number, while
+we were at dinner: when Buonaparte expressed a wish to know whether
+the ships at Brest had hoisted the white flag or not. I sent for the
+officer of the watch, and desired him to ask the question by
+telegraph. In a few minutes he returned, with an answer in the
+affirmative. Buonaparte made no remark upon this information; but
+asked, with apparent indifference, how the question and answer had
+been conveyed; and when I explained it to him, he approved highly of
+the usefulness of the invention.
+
+During meals, he always entered very freely and familiarly into
+conversation with those about him, addressing himself frequently to
+Las Cases and me; asking many questions about the manners, customs,
+and laws of the English; often repeating the observation he had made
+on first coming on board, that he must gain all the information
+possible on those subjects, and conform himself to them, as he should
+probably end his life among that people. Monsieur Las Cases, it
+appears, had emigrated from France early in the revolution, and
+remained in England until the peace of Amiens, when he was allowed to
+return to his own country.
+
+Sunday, the 23rd of July, we passed very near to Ushant: the day was
+fine, and Buonaparte remained upon deck great part of the morning. He
+cast many a melancholy look at the coast of France, but made few
+observations on it. He asked several questions about the coast of
+England; whether it was safe to approach; its distance, and the part
+we were likely to make. About eight in the evening, the high land of
+Dartmoor was discovered, when I went into the cabin and told him of
+it: I found him in a flannel dressing-gown, nearly undressed, and
+preparing to go to bed. He put on his greatcoat, came out upon deck,
+and remained some time looking at the land; asking its distance from
+Torbay, and the probable time of our arrival there.
+
+At daybreak of the 24th of July, we were close off Dartmouth. Count
+Bertrand went into the cabin, and informed Buonaparte of it, who came
+upon deck about half-past four, and remained on the poop until the
+ship anchored in Torbay. He talked with admiration of the boldness of
+the coast; saying, "You have in that respect a great advantage over
+France, which is surrounded by rocks and dangers." On opening Torbay,
+he was much struck with the beauty of the scenery; and exclaimed,
+"What a beautiful country! it very much resembles the bay of Porto
+Ferrajo, in Elba."
+
+The ship was scarcely at anchor, when an officer came alongside,
+bringing an order from Lord Keith; of which I give an extract.
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris,
+Hamoaze, 23rd July, 1815.
+
+
+"Captain Sartorius, of His Majesty's ship Slaney, delivered to me last
+night, at eleven o'clock, your despatch of the 14th instant,
+acquainting me that Buonaparte had proposed to embark on board the
+ship you command; and that you had acceded thereto, with the intention
+of proceeding to Torbay, there to wait for further orders. I lost no
+time in forwarding your letter by Captain Sartorius to the Lords
+Commissioners of the Admiralty, in order that their Lordships might,
+through him, be acquainted with every circumstance that had occurred
+on an occasion of so much importance; and you may expect orders from
+their Lordships for your further guidance. You are to remain in Torbay
+until you receive such orders; and in the mean time, in addition to
+the directions already in your possession, you are most positively
+ordered to prevent every person whatever from coming on board the ship
+you command, except the officers and men who compose her crew; nor is
+any person whatever, whether in His Majesty's service or not, who does
+not belong to the ship, to be suffered to come on board, either for
+the purpose of visiting the officers, or on any pretence whatever,
+without express permission either from the Lords Commissioners of the
+Admiralty, or from me. As I understand from Captain Sartorius, that
+General Gourgaud refused to deliver the letter with which he was
+charged for the Prince Regent, to any person except his Royal
+Highness, you are to take him out of the Slaney, into the ship you
+command, until you receive directions from the Admiralty on the
+subject, and order that ship back to Plymouth Sound, when Captain
+Sartorius returns from London."
+
+Along with the above order, I received a letter from Lord Keith, of
+which I give some extracts.
+
+"You will perceive by the newspapers, that the intelligence had
+reached London before Captain Sartorius, owing to his long passage. I
+have a letter from Lord Melville to-day, enforcing in the strongest
+manner the former orders,--even that no person, myself or Sir John
+Duckworth excepted, shall be suffered to come on board the ship, till
+orders are sent from Government; which you will be so good as strictly
+to comply with. Let him and his want for nothing; and send to me for
+any thing Brixham cannot furnish; I will send it to you by a small
+vessel. You may say to Napoleon, that I am under the greatest personal
+obligations to him for his attention to my nephew, who was taken and
+brought before him at Belle Alliance, and who must have died, if he
+had not ordered a surgeon to dress him immediately, and sent him to a
+hut. I am glad it fell into your hands at this time, because a
+Frenchman had been sent from Paris on the mission, a Monsieur Drigni."
+
+Buonaparte recollected the circumstance alluded to, and seemed much
+gratified with Lord Keith's acknowledgments.
+
+Napoleon and all his attendants were very anxious to see as many
+newspapers as possible, but particularly the Courier, which they
+considered the Ministerial paper, and most likely to contain the
+intentions of Government respecting them. They received little
+encouragement from any of them, but least of all from those which are
+supposed to take the Ministerial side in politics, as they not only
+contained a great deal that was personally offensive, but stated, in
+very plain terms, that none of the party would be allowed to land in
+England, and that St Helena was the probable place of their ultimate
+destination. Buonaparte himself always affected to consider this as a
+mere newspaper report, though I believe it gave him a good deal of
+uneasiness. His followers received it with much irritation and
+impatience, frequently endeavouring to convince me that our Government
+could have no right to dispose of them in that way, and talking to me,
+as if I had been one of his Majesty's Ministers, and had influence in
+determining on their future destination. All I could say on the
+subject did not prevent them from frequently recurring to it, and
+appealing against the injustice of such a measure.
+
+This morning General Gourgaud returned from the Slaney, which we found
+lying here, not having been permitted to land, and having refused to
+deliver the letter he had been charged with for the Prince Regent to
+any person except his Royal Highness himself.
+
+When I was conversing with Madame Bertrand, she said, "Had the Emperor
+gained the battle of Waterloo, he would have been firmly seated on the
+throne of France." I answered, "It certainly might have protracted his
+downfall, but, in all probability, he would have been overthrown at
+last, as the Russians were fast advancing, and he never could have
+resisted the combined forces of the Allies." To which she replied, "If
+your army had been defeated, the Russians never would have acted
+against him." "That I cannot believe," I said, "as they were using
+every effort to join and support the Allies; and the assertion is
+ridiculous." "Ah," said she, "you may laugh at it, and so may other
+people, nor will it, perhaps, now be discovered; but remember what I
+say, and be assured that at some future period it will be proved,
+that it never was Alexander's intention to cross the frontiers of
+France, in opposition to him."
+
+In the course of the day I received many applications for admittance
+into the ship: among others a note from a lady residing in the
+neighbourhood, accompanied by a basket of fruit, requesting a boat
+might be sent for her next morning. I returned a civil answer,
+informing her that my instructions would not admit of her request
+being complied with: no more fruit was sent from that quarter. Lord
+Gwydir and Lord Charles Bentinck also applied for admittance, but with
+no better success.
+
+No sooner was Buonaparte's arrival known in the neighbourhood, than
+the ship was surrounded by a crowd of boats, people being drawn from
+all quarters to see this extraordinary man. He came often upon deck,
+and showed himself at the gangways and stern windows, apparently for
+the purpose of gratifying their curiosity, of which, as he observed to
+me, the English appeared to have a very large portion.
+
+In the evening, the officer who had been sent to Plymouth, on the
+ship's arrival, with despatches for Lord Keith, returned, bringing
+letters, from which I give the following extracts:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris,
+Hamoaze, July 24, 1815.
+
+
+"The officer of the ship you command has just delivered to me your
+letter of this date, reporting your arrival in Torbay, with the
+Bellerophon and Myrmidon, having on board Napoleon Buonaparte and his
+suite. I have also received your other letter, explaining the
+circumstances under which you were placed, when you were induced to
+receive Napoleon on board; and I shall transmit the same to the Lords
+Commissioners of the Admiralty, in confident expectation, that his
+Majesty's Government will fully approve of your conduct."
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S, Bellerophon, dated 24th July, 1815.
+
+
+"I take the opportunity of your officer's return, to congratulate you
+and the nation, and to thank you for the perfect manner in which you
+entered into my views on the subject, and for the management of the
+blockade, about which I was most anxious. It will not be long ere you
+are instructed by the Government: the first express would arrive about
+four o'clock this morning, and I attempt a telegraph message, but it
+is cloudy. I beg you will send for any thing you may want, to me, and
+it shall be sent instantly; and I beg to present my respects to
+Napoleon, and if I can render him any civility, I will consider it my
+duty, as well as in gratitude for Captain Elphinstone's report of the
+attention he received from him on the field of battle."
+
+During the 25th of July, the concourse of people round the ship was
+greater than the day before, and the anxiety of the Frenchmen was
+considerably augmented by the confidence with which the newspapers
+spoke of the intention to remove Buonaparte to St Helena. In the
+afternoon, he walked above an hour on deck, frequently stood at the
+gangway, or opposite to the quarter-deck ports, for the purpose of
+giving the people an opportunity of seeing him, and, whenever he
+observed any well-dressed women, pulled his hat off, and bowed to
+them.
+
+At dinner he conversed as usual, was inquisitive about the kinds of
+fish produced on the coast of England, and ate part of a turbot that
+was at table, with much relish. He then spoke of the character of the
+fishermen and boatmen on our coast, saying, "They are generally
+smugglers as well as fishermen; at one time a great many of them were
+in my pay, for the purpose of obtaining intelligence, bringing money
+over to France, and assisting prisoners of war to escape. They even
+offered, for a large sum of money, to seize the person of Louis, and
+deliver him into my hands; but as they could not guarantee the
+preservation of his life, I would not give my consent to the measure."
+
+At three in the morning of the 26th of July, Captain Sartorius
+returned from London; having carried my despatch announcing
+Buonaparte's intention to embark in the Bellerophon, and brought with
+him orders for me to proceed to Plymouth Sound. We immediately got
+under weigh, accompanied by the Myrmidon and Slaney. While heaving the
+anchor up, Las Cases came upon deck, when I told him the ship was
+ordered to Plymouth, supposing, if he thought it requisite, he would
+acquaint his master. Soon after the ship was at sea, Madame Bertrand
+made her appearance, when she attacked me with some warmth for having
+neglected to acquaint Buonaparte with the orders I had received, and
+told me he was excessively offended. As she had once or twice before,
+when every thing did not go exactly as she wished, held the same
+language, I determined to ascertain whether Buonaparte had expressed
+any dissatisfaction, and, if so, to come to an explanation with him,
+as, though I was inclined to treat him with every proper
+consideration, it never was my intention to be looked upon as
+responsible to him for my movements; I therefore told Las Cases what
+she had said, and requested he would ascertain whether Napoleon really
+had felt displeased. He immediately went into the cabin, and on his
+return assured me that there must have been some mistake, as nothing
+of the kind had taken place.
+
+The ship's removal to the westward was by no means an agreeable event
+to the suite of my guest: they naturally reasoned, that, had it been
+the intention of the British Government to allow him to land in
+England, he would not have been removed further from the Metropolis.
+He, however, made no observations on the subject himself; still
+affecting to consider the reports in the newspapers as the surmises of
+the editors.
+
+We had, during the forenoon of the 26th of July, to beat up from the
+Start to Plymouth Sound, against a strong northerly wind. Buonaparte
+remained upon deck the greater part of the day. When going into the
+Sound, I pointed out the Breakwater to him, and described the manner
+in which they were forming it. He said, it was a great national
+undertaking, and highly honourable to the country; enquired the
+estimated expense, and seemed surprised, when I told him it was
+expected to be finished for something less than a million sterling. He
+added, "I have expended a large sum of money on the port of Cherbourg,
+and in forming the Boyart Fort, to protect the anchorage at Isle
+d'Aix; but I fear now, those and many other of my improvements will be
+neglected, and allowed to go to ruin."
+
+When the ship had anchored, I informed him I was going to wait on the
+Commander-in-chief, and requested to know if I could convey any
+message from him. He desired me to return his thanks to Lord Keith,
+for the kind intentions he had expressed towards him in his letters to
+me, and to say he was extremely anxious to see his Lordship, if it
+could be done with propriety. On delivering his message to Lord Keith,
+he answered, "I would wait upon him with much pleasure, but, to tell
+you the truth, I have as yet received no instructions as to the manner
+in which he is to be treated; and until I do receive these, I cannot
+well visit him." He then gave me some precautionary orders to prevent
+his escape, or any attempt to effect it. From which I give the
+extracts below.
+
+
+Extract of an Order from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., to Captain
+Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Hamoaze, July 26, 1815.
+
+
+"In addition to the orders already received, you are to pay the
+strictest regard and attention to the directions contained in the
+enclosed extract of a letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty. If
+General Gourgaud has not already been taken out of the Slaney, you are
+to cause him to be removed immediately into the ship you command. I
+enclose, for your information, a copy of a general order that I have
+issued, forbidding communication with the ship you command; and it is
+my intention to order the Liffey and Eurotas to anchor near you, and
+to row guard."
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty to Admiral
+Viscount Keith, G.C.B., dated 24th July, 1815, enclosed in the
+foregoing.
+
+
+"Referring your Lordship to Mr Croker's letter of the 1st instant,
+respecting Buonaparte, I am to signify their Lordships' directions to
+you, to give the most positive orders to Captain Maitland to prevent
+all communication whatever with the shore but through him, and by him
+through your Lordship; and on no account to permit any person
+whatsoever to go on board the ship, without your Lordship's permission
+given in writing for that purpose; which permission, for obvious
+reasons, will only be granted in such cases as the public service may
+require: and proper measures are to be taken to prevent boats and
+small craft from crowding near the Bellerophon.
+
+"Your Lordship will restrict the captains and commanders of your
+squadron from communicating, until further orders, with the
+Bellerophon."
+
+
+There was also enclosed the following copy of a Memorandum, addressed
+to the respective Captains of H.M. Ships Liffey and Eurotas.
+
+
+                                          "Ville de Paris, in Hamoaze,
+                                                      26th July, 1815.
+
+"MEMO:
+
+"The Liffey and Eurotas are to take up an anchorage on each side of
+the Bellerophon, at a convenient distance, and observe the following
+directions, as well for the purpose of preventing the escape of
+Buonaparte, or any of his suite, from that ship, as for restraining
+shore-boats and others from approaching too close to her, either from
+curiosity or any other motive.
+
+"A constant watch of an officer, a quarter-watch, and double
+sentinels, are to be kept by day, as well as a boat manned and armed
+alongside, in constant readiness, as a guard-boat: the same
+precaution is to be observed all night, with the exception, that one
+of the boats, in charge of a lieutenant, is to row guard, and to be
+relieved every hour.
+
+"No shore-boats, or others, are to be suffered, either by night or by
+day, to approach nearer the Bellerophon than one cable's length; and
+no boats are to be permitted to loiter about the ship, even at that
+distance, either from curiosity or any other motive: neither the
+captains of the Liffey or Eurotas, nor any other officer belonging to
+those or any other ships, are to go on board the Bellerophon, either
+to visit, or on any pretence whatever, without permission from me in
+writing."
+
+                                               Signed, KEITH, Admiral.
+
+A Copy.
+
+  Keith, Admiral.
+  To the respective Captains of the
+  Liffey and Eurotas.
+
+
+When I returned on board, I found the frigates had taken their
+positions as directed in the last order, and their boats were
+endeavouring as much as possible to keep the shore-boats at the
+specified distance from the ship. I stated to Buonaparte what Lord
+Keith had said; to which he answered, "I am extremely anxious to see
+the Admiral, and therefore beg he will not stand upon ceremony: I
+shall be satisfied to be treated as a private person, until the
+British Government has determined in what light I am to be
+considered." He then complained of the two frigates being placed as
+guard-ships over him, "as if," said he, "I were not perfectly secure
+on board a British line-of-battle ship;" and added, "The guard-ships'
+boats have been firing musquetry all the evening, to keep the
+shore-boats at a distance: it disturbs and distresses me, and I shall
+be obliged to you to prevent it, if it lies in your power." I
+immediately sent to the Captains of the frigates, to put a stop to
+the firing.
+
+On the 27th of July, I received a letter from the Secretary of the
+Admiralty, of which I give an extract:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from the Secretary of the Admiralty, addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated 25th July, 1815.
+
+
+"I have received and laid before my Lords Commissioners of the
+Admiralty, your letter of yesterday's date, reporting your arrival in
+the Bellerophon in Torbay, accompanied by the Myrmidon, having on
+board Napoleon Buonaparte and suite, and transmitting a copy of a
+letter you had addressed to Admiral Lord Keith, reporting your
+proceedings, under the various circumstances which occurred prior to
+his embarkation, of which their Lordships have been pleased to direct
+me to signify their approval."
+
+I waited on Lord Keith in the morning, and carried with me
+Buonaparte's original letter to the Prince Regent, which General
+Gourgaud had refused to deliver to Captain Sartorius: finding that one
+of his own officers would not be allowed to proceed with it, he now
+consented to its being forwarded through the Admiral. I reported to
+his Lordship all the occurrences of the previous day; and that, in
+consequence of the frequent repetition in the newspapers of its being
+the intention of his Majesty's Government to send Buonaparte to St
+Helena, he, as well as the officers of his suite, had expressed much
+uneasiness. I also carried a message from him, stating his desire to
+see his Lordship, and that he would willingly waive all ceremony, and
+be considered as a private person. To which Lord Keith answered, "I
+shall now have no difficulty whatever, having received full
+instructions as to the manner in which he is to be treated: he is to
+be considered as a General Officer, and have the respect due to that
+rank paid him, and no more: you may therefore say I shall wait on him
+to-morrow forenoon." He then put into my hands the following
+additional orders.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris,
+Hamoaze, 27th July, 1815.
+
+
+"I herewith transmit an extract of an order, containing certain
+directions relative to Buonaparte and his suite, and you are forthwith
+to carry the same into execution; sending on board the Liffey or
+Myrmidon, with directions similar to those that have been addressed to
+yourself, such of his suite as are to be withdrawn from the ship you
+command."
+
+
+Extract of an Order from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, to
+Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., dated July 25th, 1815.
+
+
+"That he should give immediate orders, that, upon the arrival of the
+Bellerophon, Napoleon Buonaparte should remain, until the Prince
+Regent's further pleasure shall be signified, on board of that, or
+such other ship of war as we shall appoint, and shall not be permitted
+on any account to come on shore; or to hold communication with the
+shore, or with other vessels, either personally, or by writing. Not
+more than four or five persons of his suite (exclusive of menial
+servants) are to remain on board the same ship with himself: the
+remainder of his suite are to be kept under similar restraint, on
+board of other vessels of war. Napoleon Buonaparte is to be considered
+and addressed as a General Officer."
+
+In consequence of those orders, several of the officers of inferior
+rank, and some of the servants, were sent to the frigates appointed to
+guard us.
+
+In the afternoon Sir Richard and Lady Strachan, accompanied by Mrs
+Maitland, came alongside the ship. Buonaparte was walking the deck,
+and, when I told him my wife was in the boat, he went to the gangway,
+pulled off his hat, and asked her if she would not come up and visit
+him. She shook her head; and I informed him, that my orders were so
+positive, I could not even allow her to come on board. He answered,
+"C'est dur, �a." "That is very hard." And addressing himself to her,
+"Milord Keith est un peu trop sev�re; n'est-ce pas, Madame?" "Lord
+Keith is a little too severe; is he not, Madam?" He then said to me,
+"Ma foi, son portrait ne la flatte pas; elle est encore plus jolie que
+lui." "I assure you her portrait is not flattering; she is handsomer
+than it is." I told him Sir Richard Strachan was in the boat with her,
+and that he was second in command of the Channel fleet: he bowed to
+him, and said, "He appears a very young man to hold so high a rank."
+
+There were this day a great many boats round the ship, full of people,
+among which were a number of well-dressed females. He expressed
+himself in strong terms of admiration of the beauty of the English
+women, and was desirous of knowing which were the ladies,--"les dames
+comme il faut," as he termed it; as they were all so well dressed that
+he could not distinguish them.
+
+In the evening a letter was sent to me by Lord Keith, of which I
+subjoin an extract:--
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Ville de Paris, Hamoaze,
+27th July, 1815.
+
+
+"From the representation you have made to me of the dissatisfaction
+expressed by Buonaparte, on observing by the newspapers that he was to
+be sent to St Helena; it will be necessary that you redouble your
+vigilance to prevent his escape; and you are therefore to station
+double sentinels, and resort to every other means that may be
+necessary for frustrating any such intention."
+
+On the 28th of July, Lord Keith came on board, between eleven and
+twelve o'clock, and was shown by me into the cabin, where Count
+Bertrand introduced him to Buonaparte. I immediately withdrew, and
+cannot therefore state what passed between them; but Lord Keith
+afterwards informed me, that Buonaparte had been very anxious to know
+whether the Government had come to any determination with regard to
+his disposal; of which his Lordship professed total ignorance.
+
+After Lord Keith came out of the cabin, he remained some time with
+Buonaparte's suite, who were collected in the state room. Madame
+Bertrand drew him aside, and entered into conversation with him,
+saying what she had repeated to me a hundred times, that it would be
+the height of injustice to send them to St Helena, and endeavouring
+to persuade him to interfere in preventing her husband at least from
+going, should Napoleon be sent there.
+
+During the whole of the 29th of July it rained incessantly, and
+nothing worth relating took place: the Frenchmen were deprived of
+their usual amusement of admiring the ladies, and being admired in
+return, not a boat having made its appearance. They often remarked,
+with the characteristic vivacity of their nation, that they were
+placed in the situation of Tantalus,--so many beauties in view,
+without the possibility of approaching them.
+
+On Sunday, the 30th of July, the crowd of boats was greater than I
+ever remember to have seen at one time. I am certain I speak within
+bounds when I state, that upwards of a thousand were collected round
+the ship, in each of which, on an average, there were not fewer than
+eight people. The crush was so great, as to render it quite impossible
+for the guard-boats to keep them off; though a boat belonging to one
+of the frigates made use of very violent means to effect it,
+frequently running against small boats, containing women, with such
+force as nearly to upset them, and alarming the ladies extremely. The
+French officers were very indignant at such rude proceedings, saying,
+"Is this your English liberty? Were such a thing to happen in France,
+the men would rise with one accord and throw that officer and his crew
+overboard."
+
+After the ship's arrival in England, Buonaparte seldom left the cabin
+earlier than five o'clock in the afternoon; passing his time in
+walking up and down the after-cabin, reading a great deal,[8] and
+often falling asleep on the sopha, having within these two or three
+years become very lethargic.
+
+         [Footnote 8: The books that seemed to occupy his attention,
+         when I had an opportunity of observing him, were, a Life of
+         Washington, and a translation of Ossian's Poems.]
+
+I this day informed him, that Lord Keith had received an intimation,
+that Sir Henry Bunbury, one of the Under Secretaries of State, was to
+arrive in the course of the day with the decision of the British
+Government as to his future disposal. He asked me many questions, but,
+although Lord Keith had acquainted me that Buonaparte was to go to St
+Helena, he had at the same time desired me not to communicate this
+information, and I was therefore obliged to evade his interrogatories
+as I best could.
+
+In the newspapers of this day there appeared the lists of persons
+proscribed by the Government of France. Among the first class were the
+names of Bertrand, Savary, and Lallemand: the first treated it with
+derision, the two others appeared much alarmed, and often asked me if
+I thought it possible the British Government would deliver them up to
+Louis. I said, "Decidedly not; you have been received on board an
+English man of war, and it never can be the intention of the Ministers
+to deliver you over to punishment." They were not, however, satisfied
+by any means; and a French frigate, bearing the white flag, which lay
+in Hamoaze, was an object of much jealousy to them.
+
+When I waited on Lord Keith, the morning of the 31st of July, he
+acquainted me that Sir Henry Bunbury had arrived, and was to accompany
+him on board at ten o'clock. He also showed me a notification of the
+decision of Government respecting Buonaparte, in which he was styled
+General throughout. It stated, that he was to be sent to St Helena,
+and to be permitted to take with him three of the higher class of
+those that had accompanied him from France, and twelve domestics, who
+were to be selected by himself, with the exception of Savary and
+Lallemand, who were not on any account to be permitted to go with him.
+I immediately returned on board, to be in readiness to receive Lord
+Keith and Sir Henry Bunbury; and informed Buonaparte, that he might
+expect them. He asked me if I knew what they were to communicate; and
+having then received his Lordship's sanction for doing so, I told him,
+I understood it was determined he was to be sent to St Helena. His
+mind had, by this time, been so much prepared by the newspapers for
+that event, that he did not show any very strong emotion at receiving
+the intimation; though he complained, in strong terms, of the
+injustice of such a measure. As, however, the Admiral's barge was seen
+approaching, and I was obliged to go upon deck to receive him, I had
+very little conversation with him at that time.
+
+Lord Keith and Sir Henry Bunbury arrived about half-past ten in the
+forenoon, when I showed them into the cabin, where Buonaparte was
+attended by Count Bertrand. I then withdrew, leaving them shut up with
+him for about half an hour, when Lord Keith called me into the
+fore-cabin, where all the suite were assembled, and I presented each
+of them to the Admiral and Sir Henry. They all appeared very much
+distressed, but particularly Savary and Lallemand; who were extremely
+urgent to know how they were to be disposed of; protesting, most
+vehemently, against their being given up to France, as a breach of all
+faith and honour. Madame Bertrand again tried to induce Lord Keith to
+use his influence with our Government, to prevent Bertrand from
+accompanying Buonaparte to St Helena.
+
+As soon as the Admiral had left the ship, Buonaparte sent for me, and
+showed me the same paper Lord Keith had communicated to me in the
+morning. When I had read it, he complained vehemently of his treatment
+in being sent to St Helena, saying, "The idea of it is perfect horror
+to me. To be placed for life on an island within the Tropics, at an
+immense distance from any land, cut off from all communication with
+the world, and every thing that I hold dear in it!--c'est pis que la
+cage de fer de Tamerlan. (It is worse than Tamerlane's iron cage.) I
+would prefer being delivered up to the Bourbons. Among other insults,"
+said he,--"but that is a mere bagatelle, a very secondary
+consideration,--they style me General! they can have no right to call
+me General; they may as well call me Archbishop, for I was head of the
+church, as well as the army. If they do not acknowledge me as Emperor,
+they ought as First Consul; they have sent Ambassadors to me as such;
+and your King, in his letters, styled me brother. Had they confined
+me in the Tower of London, or one of the fortresses in England,
+(though not what I had hoped from the generosity of the English
+people,) I should not have so much cause of complaint; but to banish
+me to an island within the Tropics! They might as well have signed my
+death-warrant at once, as it is impossible a man of my habit of body
+can live long in such a climate."
+
+He then expressed a desire to write another letter to the Prince
+Regent; and I carried it the same afternoon to Lord Keith, by whom it
+was immediately forwarded to London.
+
+Generals Savary and Lallemand this day made many appeals to me on the
+injustice of our Government delivering them up to France; saying they
+had not a doubt it was intended, else why except them from
+accompanying the Emperor, as they were both married men, and Savary
+the father of a large family:--it was not the wish of either to have
+gone to St Helena; but their being expressly excepted, and their names
+appearing in the list of proscribed, was but too sure a proof of their
+intended fate. Savary added, "Were I to be allowed a fair and
+impartial trial, I should have nothing to fear, never having accepted
+a situation under Louis; but at present, when faction runs so high, I
+should inevitably be sacrificed to the fury of party. Lallemand's case
+is quite different: he held a command under the King, and, on
+Napoleon's return from Elba, joined him with his troops; therefore,
+his situation would at any time be a dangerous one:--but I lived in
+the country all the time Louis was in France, and did not come forward
+until Buonaparte's arrival in Paris, when he directed me to take the
+command of the Gendarmerie."
+
+Lallemand said, "My reason for coming on board the Bellerophon with
+Las Cases on the morning of the 14th, was to ascertain whether there
+would be a risk of any of the Emperor's followers being delivered up
+to the French Government, in the event of their accompanying him to
+England; when you assured me there could be no danger of it." I
+replied, "My answer to you was, that I was of opinion there could be
+no risk of the British Government taking such a step; and I see no
+reason now to alter that opinion. As I have received you on board the
+Bellerophon, I consider you under the protection of the British flag,
+and myself, in a great measure, responsible for your personal safety;
+and under that impression I will write on the subject to Lord
+Melville, as the Minister under whose immediate control I act, that
+your minds may be set at rest, though, I repeat, you run no hazard of
+being sent to France." The same evening, before I went to bed, I wrote
+the letter which follows:--
+
+
+                                                  "H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+                                      Plymouth Sound, 31st July, 1815.
+
+"MY LORD,
+
+"I am induced to address your Lordship in consequence of having
+observed, in the intimation delivered to Napoleon Buonaparte of the
+number of persons allowed to accompany him to the Island of St Helena,
+that the names of Savary and Lallemand are expressly excepted, which,
+together with their being proscribed in the French newspapers, has
+created in them a belief that it is the intention of His Majesty's
+Government to deliver them up to the King of France. Far be it from me
+to assume such an idea; but I hope your Lordship will make allowance
+for the feelings of an officer who has nothing so dear to him as his
+honour, and who could not bear that a stain should be affixed to a
+name he has ever endeavoured to bear unblemished. These two men,
+Savary and Lallemand (what their characters or conduct in their own
+country may be I know not), threw themselves under the protection of
+the British flag; that protection was granted them with the sanction
+of my name. It is true, no conditions were stipulated for; but I acted
+in the full confidence that their lives would be held sacred, or they
+should never have put foot in the ship I command, without being made
+acquainted that it was for the purpose of delivering them over to the
+laws of their country.
+
+"I again beg leave to repeat to your Lordship, that I am far from
+supposing it to be the intention of His Majesty's Government to
+deliver these men over to the laws of their country; but, as they are
+strongly impressed with that belief, and I look upon myself as the
+cause of their being in their present situation, I most earnestly beg
+your Lordship's influence may be exerted that two men may not be
+brought to the scaffold who claimed and obtained at my hands the
+protection of the British flag.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                        &c. &c. &c.
+                                                  "FRED. L. MAITLAND."
+
+  "The Viscount Melville,
+  &c. &c. &c."
+
+
+I felt convinced that Buonaparte, after the notification he had
+received, would be too much depressed in spirits to make his
+appearance on deck this day; and sent a boat to some of my friends,
+who were waiting in hopes of seeing him, to say there was no chance of
+his coming out, as he was much distressed at the communication which
+had been made to him. I was, therefore, a good deal surprised, on
+turning round, to find him standing at my elbow; and I can only
+account for his showing himself as usual, by supposing either that he
+was not in fact so much annoyed as I had believed him to be, or that
+he was actuated by a desire of creating a feeling of commiseration
+among the English people in his behalf.
+
+At dinner he conversed as usual; and, indeed, it was quite astonishing
+with what elasticity his spirits regained their usual cheerfulness,
+after such trials and disappointments. He never, in my hearing,
+threatened to commit suicide; nor do I believe he did on any occasion:
+the only expression I ever heard him make use of, that could in any
+way be construed into such a threat, was, that he would not go to St
+Helena,--"Je n'irai pas � St H�l�ne."
+
+As Buonaparte always retired early to bed, it was the custom for the
+French ladies and officers to assemble every evening in the ward-room,
+and partake of wine and water, punch, or bishop--a mixture consisting
+of Port, Madeira, nutmeg, and other ingredients, well known to
+sailors, and much relished by our foreign guests.
+
+I was sitting this evening next Montholon, when Madame Bertrand
+entered; I said to her, "Will you not sit down and take something?"
+She gave an answer which I took for No; and passed rapidly into the
+first lieutenant's cabin, which she had occupied since she came on
+board. Montholon, who had observed her with more attention than I had
+done, immediately rose and followed her. There was instantly a shriek
+from the cabin, and a great uproar; and some one called out 'The
+Countess is overboard.' I ran upon deck, that, in the event of its
+being so, a boat might be lowered down, or the guard-boats called to
+her assistance. On looking over the quarter, and seeing no splash in
+the water, I felt satisfied it was a false alarm, and returned to the
+ward-room. Madame Bertrand had by this time been placed on her bed,
+where she was lying in strong hysterics, at intervals abusing the
+English nation and its Government, in the most vehement and unmeasured
+terms; sometimes in French and sometimes in English. Lallemand was
+walking up and down the ward-room much agitated, joining in the abuse;
+saying, among other things, "that it was horrible to bring a set of
+people on board the ship for the purpose of butchering them." I turned
+to him, and said, "Monsieur Lallemand, what a woman says in the state
+of violent irritation that Madame Bertrand at present is, I consider
+of little consequence, and am willing to make every allowance for the
+situation you are placed in; but I cannot stand by and hear such terms
+used of the Government of my country; and if you do not desist, or
+make use of more respectful language, I shall be under the necessity
+of taking measures that will be very unpleasant both to you and
+myself."
+
+This had the effect of silencing him. When the bustle had subsided, I
+retired to my cabin, and was employed in writing the foregoing letter
+to Lord Melville, in behalf of Messrs Savary and Lallemand; when the
+latter, attended by Generals Montholon and Gourgaud, came in. They
+immediately entered into conversation with me about the cruelty of
+their situation: among many other things, they said, "You may depend
+upon it, the Emperor never will go to St Helena; he will sooner put
+himself to death; he is a man of determined character, and what he
+says he will do." "Has he ever said he will put himself to death?" I
+asked. They answered, "No; but he has said he will not go, which
+amounts to the same thing; and were he to consent himself, here are
+three of us who are determined to prevent him." I told them they had
+better consider the consequences well, before they ventured on a
+measure of that kind.
+
+The next day, August 1st, 1815, I waited on Lord Keith, and reported
+all that had occurred during the preceding day. I also showed him the
+letter I had written and meant to send to Lord Melville, respecting
+Generals Savary and Lallemand; he read it, and said, "that though he
+did not agree with me in opinion as to my honour or character being
+implicated, yet that he saw no harm in the letter." He then said, "You
+may tell those gentlemen who have threatened to be Buonaparte's
+executioners, that the law of England awards death to murderers, and
+that the certain consequence of such an act will be finishing their
+career on a gallows."
+
+After quitting his Lordship, I had an interview with Sir Henry
+Bunbury, previous to his setting out for London, and stated to him my
+feelings respecting the cruelty of delivering up to the French
+Government, men who had been received under the protection of the
+British flag. I said that I had no belief myself that any such
+intention existed; but that they were so strongly impressed with the
+conviction of it, that I had been induced to write to Lord Melville,
+and now begged to state to him, that I should consider myself
+dishonoured for ever, if they suffered death through my means. He
+listened, but did not speak till I had finished; when he told me he
+would repeat what I had said to his Majesty's Ministers.
+
+Madame Bertrand kept her bed the whole of this day, and did not appear
+at dinner. When Buonaparte came upon deck, he asked Mr O'Meara, the
+surgeon, after her health; and then said, with an incredulous smile,
+"Do you really think, Doctor, she meant to drown herself?" I put the
+same question to Montholon; who said he had not a doubt of it, for,
+when he followed her into the cabin, she was in the act of throwing
+herself out of the gallery window; that he rushed forward and caught
+hold of her, and that she continued suspended by the bar that goes
+across the window, with the greater part of her body hanging out,
+until he received assistance to drag her in. The bar above-mentioned
+had been placed there for the purpose of preventing people from
+falling overboard when the window was open and the ship had much
+motion at sea.
+
+On returning on board after being with Lord Keith, I went into Madame
+Bertrand's cabin to see how she was, and found her in bed. I asked
+her, how she could be so indiscreet as to attempt to destroy herself?
+"Oh! I am driven to desperation," she said; "I do not know what I do;
+I cannot persuade my husband to remain behind, he being determined to
+accompany the Emperor to St Helena." She then ran into a great deal of
+abuse of Napoleon, saying, "If his ends are served, he does not care
+what becomes of other people. 'Tis true he has always given Bertrand
+lucrative and honourable situations, but the expense attending them is
+such, that it was impossible to save money; and he has never given him
+a grant of land, or any thing that permanently bettered our
+fortune."[9] On another occasion, she came into the cabin which I
+occupied, when I was writing, and, after exacting a promise of secrecy
+towards the remainder of the suite, she entreated I would take
+measures to prevent her husband from accompanying Buonaparte, and
+begged me to write a letter in her name to Lord Keith, to induce him
+to interfere. I told her it would appear extremely officious in me to
+write on such a subject, but that any thing she chose to put on paper
+I would deliver to his Lordship. She did write, and I carried the
+letter; but his Lordship declined interfering, desiring me to say, he
+considered it the duty of every good wife to follow the fortunes of
+her husband. In the course of the conversation above-mentioned, she
+became extremely warm in speaking of Napoleon, saying, "He deserves
+nothing at our hands; and, indeed, there is not one of his people who
+would not most gladly quit him." Whenever she became animated, she
+could not pour out her feelings in the English language fast enough,
+(though she spoke it remarkably well, having received her education
+partly in England,) when she had always recourse to French; and though
+I frequently reminded her that there was nothing but a piece of
+canvass between us and the ward-room, where there were generally some
+of the French officers, I could by no means keep her within bounds.
+The consequence of which was, that all she said was heard and
+understood by one of them. When Madame Bertrand had left me, Count
+Montholon requested to speak with me in private. He carried me up to
+his cabin on the quarter-deck, where I found Generals Gourgaud and
+Lallemand, who told me they had been informed of what Madame Bertrand
+had said to me; and they had requested to see me, for the purpose of
+contradicting her assertion, that they were desirous of quitting
+Buonaparte: that, so far from that being the case, there was not one
+of them that would not follow him with pleasure wherever he might be
+sent, or that would not lay down his life to serve him: they also
+required secrecy towards the Countess. I answered, "Why really,
+gentlemen, this is very extraordinary; you pretend to know all that
+passed in a private conversation I have had with Madame Bertrand, and
+then to bind me to secrecy: you may depend upon it, I will enter into
+no such engagement, until I know by what means you obtained your
+information." They then told me that one of them had been in the
+quarter-gallery, and overheard all she said.
+
+         [Footnote 9: [I cannot assent to your leaving out what Madame
+         Bertrand said respecting Bonaparte. But if she spoke
+         favourably of him in her calmer moments, I think it might be
+         mentioned in this place so as to claim some allowance for her
+         irritated state of feelings. It is, by-the-by, precisely at
+         such moments that real opinions start out which are at other
+         times carefully suppressed. What she said in her passion was
+         very true: B. was not fond of rendering his favourites
+         independent. I really think you cannot leave it out: as well
+         omit the threat of Savary &c., to kill B.--SCOTT.]]
+
+Nothing of importance occurred during the 2nd of August. Buonaparte
+did not appear upon deck; nor would he consent to nominate the people
+who were to accompany him to St Helena; he still seemed to indulge a
+hope, that the Government might be induced to reconsider the decision.
+I had half an hour's conversation with him in the cabin: it consisted,
+on his part, of complaints of the cruelty of sending him to St Helena.
+He likewise asked me many questions about that island, as to its
+extent, climate, and productions, whether it would be possible to take
+exercise on horseback, if there was game of any kind upon it, &c.: to
+all of which I could only answer from report, never having visited the
+island myself. He conversed very little at dinner, and appeared
+unwell. In the evening, General Bertrand informed me that the
+sentinel's calling out "All's well!" during the night disturbed him,
+and prevented his sleeping; upon which I gave directions they should
+not do so while he remained on board.
+
+During the 3rd of August Buonaparte kept his cabin. When I went to the
+Admiral, I met him escorting some ladies, in company with Sir William
+Lemon, to the Ville de Paris's barge. On being introduced to Sir
+William, he told me that a report was in circulation that a boat was
+to have been under the Bellerophon's stern the night before, at ten
+o'clock, for the purpose of effecting Buonaparte's escape. Although I
+gave no credit to the report, I immediately returned on board, and
+asked the first lieutenant if Buonaparte had been seen that morning;
+he informed me that he had not attended breakfast, and that no person
+had seen him but his own people. I then sent to the Eurotas, which lay
+astern of the ship, to enquire if he had appeared at the stern
+windows; but was answered in the negative: upon which I desired one of
+the young gentlemen to go out on the spanker-boom and look into the
+cabin windows, to ascertain if he was sitting on the sofa; but he
+could not discover him in any part of the cabin. I then became
+extremely uneasy, and sent my servant in to bring some paper out, who
+on entering found the object of my anxiety stretched out on his bed
+with his clothes on, and the curtains drawn close round him, with
+every appearance of being unwell. I had before asked Count Bertrand
+about him, who said he had passed a bad night, and was too ill to
+leave his apartment.
+
+Instead of retiring to his bed this evening between eight and nine
+o'clock, as was his usual custom, I heard him and another person (I
+believe General Bertrand) pacing up and down the cabin until past
+eleven; and in consequence gave directions to the officer of the watch
+and the sentries to be particularly vigilant; and ordered one of the
+guard-boats to remain under the ship's stern all night. He had still
+declined all this day giving a list of those that he wished to attend
+him to St Helena.
+
+At three in the morning of the 4th of August, the officer of the watch
+brought me a letter from Lord Keith, informing me that a courier had
+just arrived from London, and that it was probable the ship would be
+required to put to sea at a moment's notice. In consequence of this
+order, we unmoored at daylight, bent the top-gallant sails, and made
+other preparations for getting under weigh. The Frenchmen were very
+watchful of all our motions, appeared much alarmed and annoyed, and
+questioned me frequently as to the cause. I told them, what was
+literally the fact, that I had received directions to be ready to put
+to sea, but had no orders to carry it into effect; and that was all I
+knew.
+
+Between seven and eight o'clock, I waited on Lord Keith, who said he
+had received information that a habeas corpus had been taken out for
+the purpose of bringing Buonaparte on shore, and that a lawyer was on
+his way down to serve it; desiring me, therefore, to be ready to put
+to sea whenever the signal might be made.
+
+On returning on board, I had an interview with Buonaparte, who was
+very urgent to know why the ship was preparing for sea. I told him, by
+Lord Keith's directions, that it was the intention of our Government,
+his removal should take place at sea; and that we were going out to
+meet the Northumberland, the ship which was to convey him to St
+Helena.
+
+He begged I would write to Lord Keith, and say he wished very much to
+see him; and Count Bertrand told me he was also desirous of having the
+newspapers. I accordingly wrote to his Lordship, who was then on board
+the Tonnant: who, however, declined visiting him, but sent me a note,
+of which the following is an extract.
+
+
+Extract of a Note from Admiral Viscount Keith, addressed to Captain
+Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Tonnant, 4th August.
+
+
+"I send you the paper, and shall be glad to hear the determination of
+the General, whom you may inform that the answer is arrived from
+London, and that I have no authority to alter, in any degree, any part
+of the former communication; which induces me to wish the selection of
+the persons he is inclined should attend him."
+
+I communicated the contents to General Bertrand, who made his report
+to Buonaparte. On his coming out of the cabin, I pressed him on the
+subject of nominating those that were to go with him to St Helena; but
+the only answer he returned was, "L'Empereur n'ira pas � St
+H�l�ne;"--the Emperor will not go to St Helena.
+
+Soon after nine o'clock, the Bellerophon's signal was made to prepare
+to weigh, and at half-past nine to weigh: we immediately started. As
+the light air of wind that blew was right into the Sound, and the
+flood-tide against us, the guard-boats were sent ahead to tow; but,
+soon observing a suspicious-looking person in a boat approaching the
+ship, I ordered one of them to cast off, keep under the ship's stern,
+and not allow any shore boat, under any pretext, to come near us. The
+person alluded to proved afterwards to have been the lawyer mentioned
+by Lord Keith; not with a Habeas Corpus, but a subpoena for
+Buonaparte to attend a trial at the Court of King's Bench as a
+witness. He was, however, foiled: as Lord Keith avoided him, and got
+on board the Prometheus, off the Ramehead, where he remained until
+joined by the Tonnant; while the guard-boat prevented him from
+approaching near enough to the Bellerophon, to serve his writ on
+me.[10]
+
+         [Footnote 10: [The business of the Habeas Corpus is so
+         whimsical that Capt. M. should get some legal friend to give
+         a brief idea of the nature of the process and the purpose for
+         which it was resorted to. The book will certainly be
+         instantly translated into French, and such an explanation as
+         I have hinted at will be extremely necessary. It should be
+         thrown into a note; a few words should be added on the
+         absurdity of the attempt. It will be otherwise thought and
+         said that Bonaparte was kidnapped out of England contrary to
+         the English laws. The real nature of the transaction should
+         be distinctly explained.--SCOTT. The following note
+         accordingly appears in the original edition:--]
+
+         To prevent erroneous impressions from going abroad, and to
+         put this curious circumstance in its true light, I have
+         prevailed on a friend, who was educated for the English bar,
+         to favour me with the following account of the writs of the
+         Habeas Corpus and subpoena; by which it will appear that no
+         such process, or any other, as far as I can understand, could
+         have had the effect of removing Buonaparte from one of His
+         Majesty's ships, and causing him to be landed in England in
+         opposition to the commands of the Government of the country.
+
+         "It is a common mistake to suppose that the celebrated Habeas
+         Corpus Act made it a matter of right, for every person, under
+         any restraint whatever to obtain this writ. That statute
+         related to persons committed by legal process for criminal
+         offences, and the object of it was to prevent them being
+         detained an unnecessary or unreasonable length of time,
+         without being brought to trial. Other cases of alleged
+         illegal detention were left as at common law: in these the
+         granting or refusal of the writ is discretionary in the
+         Court, or Judge applied to, and it will only be issued on a
+         proper case being laid before them. No such writ, it is
+         believed, was ever applied for in Buonaparte's case; nor, if
+         applied for, would it have been obtained. Where a foreigner,
+         in private life, is brought to England, and detained against
+         his will, the Court will grant the writ; but any application
+         of Buonaparte, or on his behalf, must have shown him to have
+         surrendered, and to have been then detained as a prisoner of
+         war. Under that character, he was not entitled to the benefit
+         of this writ; the Courts having refused it on the application
+         of individuals brought to England as prisoners of war, even
+         when applied for by the subject of a neutral power, who swore
+         to his having been compelled by force to serve the enemy, and
+         to have been captured in the course of that compulsory
+         service.
+
+         "The real transaction alluded to, is understood to have been
+         this: an individual being under prosecution for a libel on a
+         naval officer, censuring his conduct on the West India
+         station, when a French squadron was in those seas, pretended
+         that it would aid his defence to show that the French ships
+         were at that time in an unserviceable condition, and that
+         Buonaparte would be able to prove the fact. He accordingly
+         obtained a subpoena for him to attend as a witness on the
+         trial in the Court of King's Bench, and endeavoured himself,
+         and not by a lawyer, as at first supposed, to get on board
+         the Bellerophon to deliver it.
+
+         "This transaction probably gave currency to the rumours of a
+         Habeas Corpus having been issued, particularly as one
+         description of that writ is, the proceeding for bringing a
+         prisoner into Court to give evidence, which having given, he
+         is remanded to gaol.
+
+         "Had the individual in question succeeded in his attempt to
+         get on board the ship, and deliver the subpoena, it would
+         have been of no assistance either to himself or Buonaparte,
+         if it was at all intended to benefit the latter, as it would
+         not have been possible for him to obey it, there not being
+         any authority for Captain Maitland, who was answerable for
+         his safety as a prisoner, allowing him to do so. It was,
+         however, considered the most prudent course, by Lord Keith,
+         not to permit the delivery of the process, the exact nature
+         of which was at the moment unknown, lest it might involve
+         himself or Captain Maitland in any difficulty, by an apparent
+         disrespect to the Court, and more particularly as it might
+         create erroneous impressions in Buonaparte's mind, that a
+         breach of the law was committed in his not being permitted to
+         comply with the terms of the document, not aware that it
+         contained no power authorising his release from detention as
+         a prisoner of war."]
+
+While the ship was working out of the Sound, two well-dressed women in
+a boat kept as close to her as the guard-boat would allow, and,
+whenever Buonaparte appeared at the stern windows, stood up and waved
+their handkerchiefs.
+
+On joining the Prometheus off the Ramehead, where Lord Keith's flag
+was then flying, I received the following note from his Lordship.
+
+
+                       No date; received August 4th, in the Afternoon.
+
+"I have been chased all day by a lawyer with a Habeas Corpus: he is
+landed at Cawsand, and may come off in a sailing-boat during the
+night; of course, keep all sorts of boats off, as I will do the like
+in whatever ship I may be in.
+
+                                                               KEITH."
+
+"Captain Maitland."
+
+
+Buonaparte wrote another letter this evening to the Prince Regent,
+which I carried to Lord Keith, who again told me of his having been
+chased all day by a lawyer: who had first started him out of his own
+house, then followed him to the Tonnant, where he attempted to get in
+at one side, as his Lordship left her on the other; he afterwards
+pursued him towards Cawsand, but the Admiral being in a twelve-oared
+barge, out-rowed him, and gave him the slip round the Ramehead. It was
+on his return from this chase that he attempted to get on board the
+Bellerophon.
+
+Buonaparte now confined himself entirely to his cabin, never coming on
+deck, or appearing at breakfast or dinner. He was not served from the
+table, but what he ate was prepared and carried in to him by Marchand,
+his favourite valet de chambre. Messrs Bertrand and Las Cases passed
+much time with him; and this evening the protest was prepared, which
+will appear in the sequel.
+
+On the morning of the 5th of August, the weather was overcast, with a
+strong breeze of wind, and the sea began to rise, much to the
+discomposure of my poor French guests. Soon after breakfast, my signal
+being made from the Tonnant, where Lord Keith had now hoisted his
+flag, I told General Bertrand that I was going to the Admiral, and
+would convey anything Buonaparte had to say to him. He requested I
+would wait until a letter or paper, then under preparation, was
+finished, which was intended for me, but a copy to be presented to
+Lord Keith. I waited nearly an hour, when he brought me Buonaparte's
+protest. I delivered it to the Admiral, stating at the same time that
+I wished to have a copy; and was afterwards furnished with one by his
+Lordship's secretary. I insert it here.
+
+
+_Buonaparte's Protest._
+
+"Je proteste solennellement ici, � la face du Ciel et des hommes,
+contre la violence qui m'est faite, contre la violation de mes droits
+les plus sacr�s, en disposant par la force, de ma personne et de ma
+libert�.
+
+"Je suis venu librement � bord du Bellerophon; je ne suis point
+prisonnier; je suis l'h�te de l'Angleterre. J'y suis venu �
+l'instigation m�me du Capitaine qui a dit avoir des ordres du
+Gouvernement de me recevoir, et de me conduire en Angleterre avec ma
+suite, si cela m'�toit agr�able. Je me suis pr�sent� de bonne foi pour
+venir me mettre sous la protection des loix d'Angleterre. Aussit�t
+assis � bord du Bellerophon, je fus sur le foyer du peuple
+Britannique. Si le Gouvernement, en donnant des ordres au Capitaine du
+Bellerophon, de me recevoir ainsi que ma suite, n'a voulu que tendre
+une emb�che, il a forfait � l'honneur et fl�tri son pavillon. Si cet
+acte se consommoit, ce seroit en vain que les Anglais voudroient
+parler � l'Europe de leur loyaut�, de leur loix, et de leur libert�.
+La foi Britannique _s'y trouvera perdue dans l'hospitalit� du
+Bellerophon_. J'en appelle � l'histoire; elle dira qu'un ennemi qui
+fit vingt ans la guerre aux peuples Anglois, vint librement, dans son
+infortune, chercher un asile sous ses loix. Quelle plus �clatante
+preuve pouvait-il lui donner de son estime et de sa confiance? Mais
+comment r�pondit-on en Angleterre � une telle magnanimit�?--On feignit
+de tendre une main hospitali�re � cet ennemi, et quand il se fut livr�
+de bonne foi, on l'immola.
+
+                                                    "Sign�, NAPOL�ON."
+
+  � bord du Bellerophon,
+  4 Ao�t, 1815.
+
+
+TRANSLATION.
+
+_Buonaparte's Protest._
+
+"I hereby solemnly protest, in the face of Heaven and of men, against
+the violence done me, and against the violation of my most sacred
+rights, in forcibly disposing of my person and my liberty. I came
+voluntarily on board of the Bellerophon; I am not a prisoner, I am
+the guest of England. I came on board even at the instigation of the
+Captain, who told me he had orders from the Government to receive me
+and my suite, and conduct me to England, if agreeable to me. I
+presented myself with good faith to put myself under the protection of
+the English laws. As soon as I was on board the Bellerophon, I was
+under shelter of the British people.
+
+"If the Government, in giving orders to the Captain of the Bellerophon
+to receive me as well as my suite, only intended to lay a snare for
+me, it has forfeited its honour and disgraced its flag.
+
+"If this act be consummated, the English will in vain boast to Europe
+of their integrity, their laws, and their liberty. British good faith
+will be lost in the hospitality of the Bellerophon.
+
+"I appeal to History; it will say that an enemy, who for twenty years
+waged war against the English people, came voluntarily, in his
+misfortunes, to seek an asylum under their laws. What more brilliant
+proof could he give of his esteem and his confidence? But what return
+did England make for so much magnanimity? They feigned to stretch
+forth a friendly hand to that enemy; and when he delivered himself up
+in good faith, they sacrificed him.
+
+                                                   "Signed, NAPOLEON."
+
+  "On board the Bellerophon,
+  4th August 1815."
+
+
+On the above I shall only observe, that no snare had been laid, either
+on the part of His Majesty's Government or mine. I was placed before
+Rochefort for the open purpose of preventing Buonaparte from making
+his escape from that port; and the exertions of myself and those under
+my command had been so completely successful, that the intention of
+forcing past the ships under my orders, as well as every other plan
+proposed, of which there appear to have been several, were abandoned
+as utterly hopeless. And so far was I from seeking communication with
+Napoleon, that all the flags of truce proceeding from him, were
+strongly reprobated by me, as improper, except in extraordinary cases,
+and were only resorted to when, as appears from Lord Keith's letter of
+the 23rd of July, orders had been sent from Paris for his arrest, and
+when (as has since been proved) one or more intimations had been given
+by the officer commanding in Isle d'Aix, that, if he did not depart,
+he would be under the necessity of detaining him. Besides, it is now
+perfectly ascertained, that the determination of repairing to England
+was adopted at a consultation held by Buonaparte on the night of the
+13th of July, when his letter to the Prince Regent was written; and
+Messrs Las Cases and Lallemand were sent on the morning of the 14th
+to discover if I would receive him on board the Bellerophon, and
+convey him to that country.
+
+On the morning of the 6th of August, when walking the deck with
+Monsieur Las Cases, he for the first time mentioned, that he
+understood me to have assured him that the Emperor would be well
+received in England, and allowed to reside there. I replied, "I cannot
+conceive how you could so far misunderstand me, as I constantly, in my
+communications with you, stated that I could make no promises
+whatever: that I thought my orders would bear me out in receiving him
+on board, and conveying him to England; but even in doing that, I
+acted very much upon my own responsibility. You questioned me
+frequently, as to my private opinion; and as I was quite ignorant upon
+the subject, I could only say I had no reason to believe he would be
+ill received." It did not, however, require my assistance to raise
+the hopes of those about Buonaparte, respecting the manner in which he
+was to be received in England; as one of his followers, on the passage
+home, asked me if I thought the Prince Regent would confer the order
+of the Garter upon him. If there was any misunderstanding, (which I
+cannot allow to have been the case,) Monsieur Las Cases has himself to
+blame. When he came on board of the Bellerophon for the purpose of
+treating, he concealed his knowledge of the English language; which,
+as I had considerable difficulty in expressing myself in French, could
+only be intended for the purpose of throwing me off my guard, that he
+might take advantage of any expressions that fell from me, or the
+officers I had always present at our meetings. Even after he was on
+board with Buonaparte, though he acknowledged he could read English,
+and always translated the newspapers for his master, he affected not
+to be able to speak it. What his actual knowledge of the language
+was, the following extract of a letter, from a friend of mine on board
+the Northumberland, dated at sea, August the 22nd, 1815, will show:
+
+"I do not know, whether Las Cases ever let you know he could speak
+English; but this I can assure you, that he speaks it very near as
+well as Madame Bertrand, and can hold a conversation, or maintain an
+argument in it, with as much fluency as she can."
+
+This forenoon, I had a long conversation with Buonaparte. He
+complained bitterly of the conduct of the British Government; and
+entered, at considerable length, into the state of his affairs when he
+determined upon the measure of repairing on board the Bellerophon.
+"There still," said he, "was a large party in the South, that wished
+me to put myself at its head; the army behind the Loire was also
+desirous of my return. At ten o'clock of the night before I embarked,
+a deputation from the garrison of Rochelle waited upon me, with an
+offer to conduct me to the army; in addition to which, the troops that
+were in Rochefort, Bourdeaux, and Isle d'Aix, amounting to twelve
+thousand men, were at my disposal. But I saw there was no prospect of
+ultimate success, though I might have occasioned a great deal of
+trouble and bloodshed, which I did not choose should take place on my
+account individually;--while the Empire was at stake, it was another
+matter."
+
+In the afternoon, Mr O'Meara, the surgeon, informed me that General
+Savary had made a proposal to him to accompany Buonaparte to St Helena
+as his medical attendant; Monsieur Maingaut, his surgeon, being a
+young man with whom he was little acquainted, having suffered so much
+from seasickness in the passage from Rochefort, that he felt averse to
+undertaking another sea voyage. He consulted me as to the propriety
+of accepting the offer. I told him it must depend very much upon his
+own feelings; but if he had no dislike to it, he had better accept the
+proposal, on condition that our Government consented, and agreed to
+pay his salary; but, in that case, an official communication must
+pass, through me, to the Admiral on the subject. This was the first
+intimation I received of Buonaparte having made any arrangement
+towards complying with the notification he had received from our
+Government.
+
+About nine A.M. a large ship was seen to leeward, which, on closing,
+proved to be the Northumberland. The whole squadron then stood in, and
+anchored to the westward of Berryhead. I went on board the Tonnant,
+and reported to Lord Keith that Buonaparte had at last made up his
+mind to move from the Bellerophon without force being used; and that
+Count Bertrand was desirous of seeing his Lordship, that he might make
+the necessary arrangements about the people who were to accompany
+him. By the Admiral's directions, I returned to my ship and brought
+Monsieur Bertrand to him. Soon after Sir George Cockburn arrived, and
+they were shut up together for nearly two hours.
+
+When I first went on board the Tonnant, I received a memorandum from
+Lord Keith, from which I give an extract; and at the same time a
+verbal intimation, that I should receive an order in writing the next
+day, to, remove Buonaparte, and such part of his suite as he might
+select, to the Northumberland.
+
+
+Extract of a Memorandum from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed
+to Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Tonnant, off the
+Start, 6th August, 1815.
+
+
+"All arms of every description are to be taken from the Frenchmen of
+all ranks on board the ship you command; and they are to be carefully
+packed up and kept in your charge, while they remain on board the
+Bellerophon; and afterwards in that of the captain of the ship to
+which they may be removed."
+
+While we were at dinner, Generals Bertrand and Montholon were employed
+making out lists of what would be required by the French officers and
+the ladies, to render them comfortable during their voyage to St
+Helena, which were despatched to Plymouth by Sir George Cockburn's
+secretary.
+
+In the course of the evening Lord Keith and Sir George Cockburn came
+on board the Bellerophon; when the latter was introduced to
+Buonaparte.
+
+As soon as General Bertrand was at leisure, I told him I had orders to
+remove Napoleon to the Northumberland the following day, and also to
+take away the arms from him and his attendants, giving him to
+understand that they would be returned on their arrival at their
+destination. He seemed much hurt at being deprived of his arms, but
+said he would give directions for their being delivered; and I
+received them the next morning, with the exception of Buonaparte's
+sword, which, by an order I subsequently received from Lord Keith, he
+was permitted to wear, when quitting the ship.
+
+About half-past nine in the evening, Mons. Bertrand told me that
+Buonaparte was desirous of seeing me. On going into his cabin, he
+said, "Bertrand informs me you have received orders to remove me to
+the Northumberland; is it so?" I answered in the affirmative. "Have
+you any objection," he said, "to writing a letter to Bertrand,
+acquainting him of it; that I may have a document to prove that I was
+forced to quit the ship, and that my inclinations were not
+consulted." I replied, "I can have no objection to write such a
+letter, and shall do it this evening." I was then going to retire,
+when he requested me to remain, having more to say. "Your Government,"
+he continued, "has treated me with much severity, and in a very
+different way from what I had hoped and expected, from the opinion I
+had formed of the character of your countrymen. It is true I have
+always been the enemy of England, but it has ever been an open and
+declared one; and I paid it the highest compliment it was possible for
+man to do in throwing myself on the generosity of your Prince: I have
+not now to learn, however, that it is not fair to judge of the
+character of a people by the conduct of their Government." He then
+went on, (alluding to the Government,) "They say I made no conditions.
+Certainly I made no conditions; how could an individual enter into
+terms with a nation? I wanted nothing of them but hospitality, or, as
+the ancients would express it, 'air and water.' My only wish was to
+purchase a small property in England, and end my life there in peace
+and tranquillity. As for you, Capitaine," (the name by which he always
+addressed me) "I have no cause of complaint; your conduct to me has
+been that of a man of honour; but I cannot help feeling the severity
+of my fate, in having the prospect of passing the remainder of my life
+on a desert island. But," added he with a strong emphasis, "if your
+Government give up Savary and Lallemand to the King of France, they
+will inflict a stain upon the British name that no time can efface." I
+told him, in that respect, they were under an erroneous impression;
+that I was convinced it was not the intention of his Majesty's
+Ministers to deliver them up. "Je l'esp�re," "I hope so;" was his only
+reply.--I then took my leave of him for the night.
+
+That I may not break in upon the occurrences of the 7th, I shall here
+insert the letter I wrote at Buonaparte's request, and a copy of the
+orders under which I acted in removing him from the Bellerophon to the
+Northumberland.
+
+
+                                       "H.M.S. Bellerophon, Start Bay,
+                                                     7th August, 1815.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"I beg to acquaint you that I have this day received orders from Lord
+Keith, Commander in Chief of the Channel Fleet, to remove General
+Buonaparte from the ship I command, to his Majesty's ship
+Northumberland; and I have to request you will intimate the above to
+the General, that he may prepare for the removal.
+
+"I likewise enclose a copy of an order respecting the arms of General
+Buonaparte and the whole of his attendants, and request you will give
+directions for their being delivered to me, that they may be disposed
+of as the order directs.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                     &c. &c. &c.
+                                                   FRED. L. MAITLAND."
+
+"Lieut. General Count Bertrand."
+
+
+Copy of the order alluded to.
+
+                            "By the Right Hon. Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+                                                           &c. &c. &c.
+
+"You are hereby required and directed to deliver the persons, named
+below, into the charge of Rear Admiral Sir George Cockburn.
+
+  "Given on board the Tonnant,
+  At anchor under Berryhead,
+  7th August, 1815.
+                         KEITH, Admiral.
+
+  "By command of the Admiral,
+                        "JAMES MEEK, Secretary."
+
+  "To F. L. Maitland, Esq.
+  Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."
+  General Buonaparte.
+  Count Bertrand, his Wife, three children, one female servant, and
+    her child.
+  General Montholon, his Wife, one child, and one female servant.
+  General Gourgaud.
+  Le Comte de Las Cases, and his son.
+  Marchand, Premier Valet de Chambre.
+  St Denis, ditto.
+  Novarra, ditto.
+  Pi�ron, Chef d'Office.
+  Le Page, Cuisinier.
+  Archambaud, Premier Valet de Pied.
+  Gentilini, Valet de Pied.
+  Bernard, domestique du Comte Bertrand.
+
+The four domestics underneath, who had come to England in the
+Myrmidon, also accompanied him:--
+
+  Cipriani, Ma�tre d'H�tel.
+  Santini, Huissier.
+  Rousseau, Lampiste.
+  Archambaud, Valet de Pied.
+
+
+Extract of a Letter from Admiral Viscount Keith, G.C.B., addressed to
+Captain Maitland, of H.M.S. Bellerophon, dated Tonnant, off Berryhead,
+7th August, 1815.
+
+
+"When the General quits the ship, it is not intended to take his sword
+from him, but to let him wear it, but not the others. Pistols, guns,
+&c. must, _as in all instances_, be removed for the safety of the
+ship, but the arms are carefully to be kept, and restored at a proper
+occasion."
+
+
+On the morning of the 7th of August, 1815, Count Las Cases made an
+application to me for permission to wait on Lord Keith, having a
+communication to make to him. I, in consequence, went to his Lordship,
+and obtained leave to send him. When the Admiral came on board the
+Bellerophon, in the forenoon, to attend Buonaparte in his removal to
+the Northumberland, he informed me that Monsieur Las Cases had
+represented to him, that I had promised Buonaparte should be well
+received in England, and allowed to remain there; and the same day he
+wrote a letter to me containing the above statement, and directing me
+to report upon it, which I afterwards did, as will hereafter appear.
+
+Count Bertrand was employed, during the morning, making out a list of
+those that were to proceed to St Helena with Buonaparte, in which
+General Gourgaud's name was omitted, and Colonel Planat was nominated
+his Secretary. This offended Monsieur Gourgaud so much, that he made
+use of some very strong language to General Bertrand; and after a good
+deal of altercation, it was arranged, I believe by Buonaparte himself,
+that Gourgaud should take Planat's place. There was also another cause
+of disagreement. The number of domestics allowed to go to St Helena
+being only twelve, did not admit of all the officers taking their
+personal attendants; General Montholon was obliged to leave a servant
+who had been with him many years, and Count Bertrand's was the only
+exception.
+
+General Bertrand had been so much employed all the morning making
+preparations for their removal, that he did not come to breakfast
+until every one had finished; his wife remained at the table, as I did
+also, as a mark of attention to him. She soon commenced an attack on
+her husband, to induce him to quit Buonaparte and remain in England.
+He seemed much distressed, but remained silent. At last, she turned to
+me, and begged I would give an opinion, and use my influence in favour
+of her proposal. I said, "Madame Bertrand, I have from the beginning
+endeavoured to avoid meddling in the very unpleasant discussions that
+have been going on for some days; but, as you demand my opinion, and
+force me to give it, I must acquaint you that I think, if your
+husband quits his master at such a time as the present, he will
+forfeit the very high character he now bears in this country." I then
+rose from the table and went upon deck.
+
+A short time after, Madame Bertrand came on deck, and, addressing me
+with much indignation in her countenance, said, "So, Captain Maitland,
+I hear the Emperor is not to have the whole of the after-cabin on
+board the Northumberland." I told her, I understood that Sir George
+Cockburn had received orders to that effect. "They had better treat
+him like a dog at once," said she, "and put him down in the hold." I
+had for several days been kept in a state of irritation that cannot be
+described, and such as few people have had an opportunity of
+experiencing. Madame Bertrand had, it will be readily understood, some
+share in causing this; and on her making the above remark, I am sorry
+to say, the little self-possession that still remained gave way, and I
+answered in these words, "Madam, you talk like a very foolish woman;
+and if you cannot speak more to the purpose, or with more respect of
+the Government I have the honour to serve, I request you will not
+address yourself to me." Just before she went out of the ship,
+however, she came up to me in a conciliatory and friendly manner, that
+did her the highest honour, and said, "Captain Maitland, you called me
+a very foolish woman this morning, but I should be sorry to part with
+you on bad terms; have you any objection to shake hands with me? as
+God knows if we shall ever meet again." "Very far from it," I
+answered; "I should be extremely sorry you left the ship without
+receiving my good wishes for your happiness and prosperity; and if, in
+the warmth of my temper, and under the harassing circumstances of my
+situation, I have said anything unpleasant, I most sincerely beg your
+pardon, and hope you will forgive and forget it."
+
+Soon after breakfast, Marchand came and said the Emperor wished to see
+me: I went into the cabin. "I have requested to see you, Captain,"
+said he, "to return you my thanks for your kindness and attention to
+me whilst I have been on board the Bellerophon, and likewise to beg
+you will convey them to the officers and ship's company you command.
+My reception in England has been very different from what I expected;
+but it gives me much satisfaction to assure you, that I feel your
+conduct to me throughout has been that of a gentleman and a man of
+honour." He then said, he was desirous of having Mr O'Meara, the
+surgeon of the Bellerophon, to accompany him; and asked my opinion of
+him in his medical capacity, as well as of his principles. I replied,
+that I had the highest opinion of him, both for his skill and
+attention; that he had given me so much satisfaction while under my
+command, that I had procured his removal from two different ships in
+which he had served with me previous to my appointment to the
+Bellerophon, that he might accompany me; and that I was convinced he
+was a man of principle and integrity. After conversing some time
+longer with him, during which he spoke in the warmest terms of
+affection of General Bertrand, and the obligations he felt to him for
+his remaining with him during his adversity, when he knew strong
+efforts had been used to induce him to abandon him, I took my leave;
+and this was the last time I was ever alone with him.
+
+Soon after, Sir George Cockburn came on board, attended by Mr Byng as
+his secretary, for the purpose of examining Buonaparte's baggage: he
+had directions to apply to some person of his suite to attend at the
+search. The proposal was made to Count Bertrand; but he was so
+indignant at the measure, that he positively refused either to be
+present himself or to direct any other person to superintend. General
+Savary, however, consented, and was present, as well as Marchand. The
+covers of the trunks were merely opened, and Mr Byng passed his hand
+down the side, but the things were not unpacked. Once or twice, when
+the door of the after-cabin was opened, Buonaparte expressed his
+obligation to Mr Byng for the delicate manner in which he conducted
+the search, by bowing to him. When they came to the boxes containing
+the money, of which there were two, Marchand was permitted to take out
+such sum as was considered necessary for paying the wages of the
+servants that were to be left behind, and for other contingent
+expenses. One box, containing four thousand gold Napoleons, was
+retained and put under my charge, where it remained until my arrival
+in London, when I delivered it to Sir Hudson Lowe to be restored to
+its owner, as will be seen by the following order, receipts, &c.
+
+
+                            "By the Right Hon. Viscount Keith, G.C.B.,
+                                                           &c. &c. &c.
+
+"You are hereby required and directed to receive into your custody
+such a sum of money belonging to General Buonaparte, as will be
+delivered into your charge by Rear-Admiral Sir George Cockburn,
+granting proper receipts for the same.
+
+  "Given on board the Tonnant,
+  At anchor under Berryhead,
+  7th August, 1815,
+                  "KEITH, Admiral."
+
+  "To F. L. Maitland, Esq.
+  Captain of H.M.S. Bellerophon."
+
+
+"J'ai laiss� le sept d'ao�t, � bord du Bellerophon, � Monsieur le
+Capitaine Maitland, une somme de quatre vingt mille francs, en quatre
+mille Napoleons d'or.
+
+                                                       "MARCHAND,
+                                            Premier Valet de Chambre."
+
+
+On the 7th of August, I have left on board the Bellerophon, in charge
+of Captain Maitland, the sum of eighty thousand francs, in four
+thousand gold Napoleons.
+
+                                                        MARCHAND,
+                                                 1st Valet de Chambre.
+
+
+"I acknowledge to have received a box with four paper packages, _said_
+to contain four thousand gold Napoleons, the property of Napoleon
+Buonaparte.
+
+                                                    "August 7th, 1815,
+                                                  "FRED. L. MAITLAND."
+
+"Approved, George Cockburn."
+
+
+As I shall not have to revert to the subject of the money, I shall
+here subjoin the receipt I obtained on delivering it at the Admiralty
+Office, though it is of a date some time posterior.
+
+
+                                       "Admiralty, September 14, 1815.
+
+"Received from Captain Maitland a box, containing four packages,
+marked each 20,000 francs, and said to contain four thousand Napoleons
+d'or."
+
+                                             "H. LOWE, Major General."
+
+
+About eleven A.M., Lord Keith came on board in the Tonnant's barge, to
+accompany Buonaparte from the Bellerophon to the Northumberland. Count
+Bertrand immediately went into the cabin to inform him of his
+Lordship's arrival: it was, however, full two hours before it was
+reported that he was ready to attend him. About one o'clock, the barge
+of the Admiral was prepared; a Captain's guard turned out, and by Lord
+Keith's direction, as Napoleon crossed the quarter-deck to leave the
+ship, the guard presented arms, and three ruffles of the drum were
+beat, being the salute given to a General Officer.
+
+He walked out of the cabin with a steady, firm step, came up to me,
+and, taking off his hat, said, "Captain Maitland, I take this last
+opportunity of once more returning you my thanks for the manner in
+which you have treated me while on board the Bellerophon, and also to
+request you will convey them to the officers and ship's company you
+command:" then turning to the Officers, who were standing by me, he
+added, "Gentlemen, I have requested your Captain to express my
+gratitude to you for your attention to me, and to those who have
+followed my fortunes." He then went forward to the gangway; and before
+he went down the ship's side, bowed two or three times to the ship's
+company, who were collected in the waist and on the forecastle; he
+was followed by the ladies and the French Officers, and lastly by Lord
+Keith. After the boat had shoved off, and got the distance of about
+thirty yards from the ship, he stood up, pulled his hat off, and bowed
+first to the Officers, and then to the men; and immediately sat down,
+and entered into conversation with Lord Keith, with as much apparent
+composure as if he had been only going from one ship to the other to
+pay a visit.
+
+About a quarter of an hour before Buonaparte quitted the Bellerophon,
+Montholon came to me on the quarter-deck, and said, "I am directed by
+the Emperor to return you his thanks for the manner in which you have
+conducted yourself throughout the whole of this affair; and he desires
+me to say, that the greatest cause of disappointment he feels in not
+being admitted to an interview with the Prince Regent is, that he had
+intended to ask as a favour from his Royal Highness, that you should
+be promoted to the rank of Rear Admiral." I answered, "that although
+the request could not have been complied with under any circumstances,
+as it was contrary to the regulations of our naval service, yet I do
+not the less feel the kindness of the intention." "He meant also," he
+said, "to have presented you with a box containing his portrait, but
+he understands you are determined not to accept it." I replied, "In
+the situation I am placed, it is quite impossible I can receive any
+present from him." "He is perfectly aware," said he, "of the delicacy
+of your situation, and approves of your conduct." I then said, "I feel
+much hurt that Count Las Cases should have stated to Lord Keith, that
+I had promised Buonaparte should be well received in England, or
+indeed made promises of any sort. I have endeavoured to conduct myself
+with integrity and honour throughout the whole of this transaction,
+and therefore cannot allow such an assertion to go uncontradicted."
+"Oh!" said he, "Las Cases negotiated this business; it has turned out
+very differently from what he and all of us expected. He attributes
+the Emperor's situation to himself, and is therefore desirous of
+giving it the best countenance he can; but I assure you, the Emperor
+is convinced your conduct has been most honourable": then taking my
+hand, he pressed it, and added, "and that is my opinion also."
+
+In the course of the afternoon, I attended General Savary and
+Lallemand on board the Northumberland, where they went for the purpose
+of taking a last farewell of their master. I had very little
+conversation with him myself, but they remained with him a
+considerable time. When I was about to return to my ship, I went into
+the cabin to tell them they must accompany me. They approached him in
+the after-cabin, where he was standing, when he embraced each of them
+most affectionately, after the French manner, putting his arms round
+them, and touching their cheeks with his. He was firm and collected;
+but, in turning from him, the tears were streaming from their eyes. On
+getting on board, all the squadron got under weigh, the Tonnant and
+Bellerophon to return to Plymouth, the Northumberland, with two troop
+ships in company, to proceed to St Helena. The following day she was
+joined by a frigate and several sloops of war from Plymouth, when she
+made sail to the westward.
+
+Having now brought my narrative down to the period of Buonaparte's
+quitting the ship, it only remains for me to give some account of his
+person and character, as far as it fell under my view. In doing so, I
+shall endeavour, as far as possible, in the same spirit with which the
+foregoing narrative is written, to avoid being biassed, either by
+favourable or unfavourable feelings towards him. What he may have been
+when at the head of the French Empire, with the destiny of the
+greater part of Europe under his control, I have no peculiar means of
+knowing; all I can pretend to do is, to describe him as he was on
+board the Bellerophon; adding a few anecdotes, which have been omitted
+in the course of the narrative, as serving to throw some further light
+upon his character.
+
+Napoleon Buonaparte, when he came on board the Bellerophon, on the
+15th of July, 1815, wanted exactly one month of completing his
+forty-sixth year, being born the 15th of August, 1769. He was then a
+remarkably strong, well-built man, about five feet seven inches high,
+his limbs particularly well-formed, with a fine ancle and very small
+foot, of which he seemed rather vain, as he always wore, while on
+board the ship, silk stockings and shoes. His hands were also very
+small, and had the plumpness of a woman's rather than the robustness
+of a man's. His eyes light grey, teeth good; and when he smiled, the
+expression of his countenance was highly pleasing; when under the
+influence of disappointment, however, it assumed a dark gloomy cast.
+His hair was of a very dark brown, nearly approaching to black, and,
+though a little thin on the top and front, had not a grey hair amongst
+it. His complexion was a very uncommon one, being of a light sallow
+colour, differing from almost any other I ever met with. From his
+having become corpulent, he had lost much of his personal activity,
+and, if we are to give credit to those who attended him, a very
+considerable portion of his mental energy was also gone. It is certain
+his habits were very lethargic while he was on board the Bellerophon;
+for though he went to bed between eight and nine o'clock in the
+evening, and did not rise till about the same hour in the morning, he
+frequently fell asleep on the sofa in the cabin in the course of the
+day. His general appearance was that of a man rather older than he
+then was. His manners were extremely pleasing and affable: he joined
+in every conversation, related numerous anecdotes, and endeavoured, in
+every way, to promote good humour: he even admitted his attendants to
+great familiarity; and I saw one or two instances of their
+contradicting him in the most direct terms, though they generally
+treated him with much respect. He possessed, to a wonderful degree, a
+facility in making a favourable impression upon those with whom he
+entered into conversation: this appeared to me to be accomplished by
+turning the subject to matters he supposed the person he was
+addressing was well acquainted with, and on which he could show
+himself to advantage. This had the effect of putting him in good
+humour with himself; after which it was not a very difficult matter to
+transfer a part of that feeling to the person who had occasioned it.
+Lord Keith appears to have formed a very high opinion of the
+fascination of his conversation, and expressed it very emphatically
+to me, after he had seen him: speaking of his wish for an interview
+with the Prince Regent, "D----n the fellow," he said, "if he had
+obtained an interview with his Royal Highness, in half an hour they
+would have been the best friends in England."[11] He appeared to have
+great command of temper; for, though no man could have had greater
+trials than fell to his lot during the time he remained on board the
+Bellerophon, he never, in my presence, or as far as I know, allowed a
+fretful or captious expression to escape him: even the day he received
+the notification from Sir Henry Bunbury, that it was determined to
+send him to St Helena, he chatted and conversed with the same
+cheerfulness as usual. It has been asserted that he was acting a part
+all the time he was on board the ship; but still, even allowing that
+to be the case, nothing but great command of temper could have enabled
+him to have sustained such a part for so many days, in his situation.
+
+         [Footnote 11: [I do entreat and conjure that the natural and
+         sailor-like speech of Lord Keith be not tampered with. It is
+         really a sin to knock the spirit out of a work by such
+         over-delicacy.--SCOTT.]]
+
+I shall here relate a circumstance that occurred during the passage to
+England, which will show in a strong point of view the freedom that
+subsisted between him and those of his attendants in whom he had
+confidence. A conversation took place respecting the relative state of
+cultivation in France and in England. My opinion being asked, I said,
+that though the climate of France was much superior to that of
+England, I believed that agriculture had arrived at a greater state of
+perfection with us than in France. Most of the Frenchmen treated the
+idea with ridicule; upon which I said, let us refer to Monsieur Las
+Cases, who has lived several years in England. "You are right," said
+he; "there can be no doubt, that agriculture has arrived to much
+greater perfection in England than in France; but what I admire most
+in England, are the country-seats of your noblemen and gentlemen;
+there you surpass France very much." General Bertrand then took up the
+conversation, and said, that he was assured, that thirty thousand
+pounds sterling was annually expended on the park and grounds of
+Blenheim. Buonaparte immediately reduced that sum into livres; and
+observed, "The thing is impossible: the English people are not fools;
+they know the value of money, and no individual either could or would
+expend such a sum for such a purpose." He then spoke of the expense of
+keeping up Malmaison, one of the country palaces in France; stating
+the sum it cost annually, which did not exceed five thousand pounds.
+Bertrand still persisted in his statement, and made a reference to me.
+I, however, could give no information further than saying, that from
+what I had heard of the Duke of Marlborough's finances, he could not
+possibly lay out any such sum on Blenheim. Monsieur Bertrand would not
+give up the point, but repeated his assertion. On which Buonaparte
+said, with quickness, "Bah! c'est impossible." "Oh!" said Bertrand,
+much offended, "if you are to reply in that manner, there is an end of
+all argument;" and for some time would not converse with him.
+Buonaparte, so far from taking umbrage, did all he could to soothe him
+and restore him to good-humour, which was not very difficult to
+effect.
+
+One morning he began to talk of his wife and child, and desired
+Marchand to bring two or three miniature pictures to show me: he spoke
+of them with much feeling and affection. "I feel," said he, "the
+conduct of the allied sovereigns to be more cruel and unjustifiable
+towards me in that respect than in any other. Why should they deprive
+me of the comforts of domestic society, and take from me what must be
+the dearest objects of affection to every man--my child, and the
+mother of that child?" On his expressing himself as above, I looked
+him steadily in the face, to observe whether he showed any emotion:
+the tears were standing in his eyes, and the whole of his countenance
+appeared evidently under the influence of a strong feeling of grief.
+
+There were two pictures of young Napoleon: one in the dress of a
+Polish lancer, and the other with long curly flowing ringlets: they
+both represented a fair, strong, chubby boy, with features very much
+resembling those of his father. That of his mother, a very fair woman,
+with good features, but by no means handsome.
+
+From the observations I was enabled to make, I very much doubt
+Monsieur Savary's statement, that the passion of ambition was so
+completely overcome in his bosom, "that had it been proposed to him
+again to ascend the throne of France, he would have declined it"; and
+I do think, that if he had succeeded in eluding the British cruisers
+and arrived in America, he would always have looked forward to
+returning to France. In all his conversations, he spoke of ambition as
+a quality absolutely necessary to form the character of a soldier. On
+one occasion, Savary spoke of Kleber, (who was left by Napoleon in
+command of the army when he quitted Egypt,) in terms of high encomium;
+this brought on a discussion upon the respective merits of that
+officer and Dessaix, whose aid-de-camp Savary had been during the
+negotiation of the convention of El Arish. Buonaparte, speaking of
+Kleber, bestowed upon him great praise as an officer; but he added,
+"He was deficient in one of the most necessary qualifications of a
+soldier,--ambition. He was indolent, and required constant spurring.
+Dessaix, on the contrary, had all his abilities, which were kept in
+constant activity by a mind whose ambition there was no satisfying;
+and, had they both lived to the present period, he would have been
+much the greater man of the two."
+
+It does not appear from the statement of Buonaparte's attendants, that
+he had made any very considerable provision for the future, in the
+event of a reverse of fortune. They often regretted his poverty; and
+Madame Bertrand assured me that he was not possessed of more than a
+million of francs--forty-two thousand pounds of our money[12]; which,
+if correct, is certainly not a very large sum for a man who had had so
+many millions at his disposal. "The Emperor has always declared," she
+said, "that he would rise or fall with the country, and never would
+enrich himself out of the public property." He also upon one occasion,
+when there was some intention of leaving Madame Bertrand with her
+children in England, after stating Bertrand's poverty as an objection
+to that arrangement, said to me, "My finances are not such as to
+enable me to give him much assistance."
+
+         [Footnote 12: Since this narrative was written in the year
+         1815, it has been proved by Buonaparte's will, that either
+         his attendants were misinformed, or that they, as well as
+         himself, misrepresented the state of his finances, as he left
+         in the hands of Lafitte, the banker, in Paris, a sum of money
+         amounting to nearly four hundred thousand pounds sterling,
+         besides a very considerable sum said to be vested in the
+         American funds.]
+
+Buonaparte's carriage, which was taken at the battle of Waterloo by
+the Prussian cavalry, contained many articles of great value. In it
+was a necessaire, in which all the instruments, bason, &c. were
+composed of gold; a sword set with diamonds, and a diamond necklace,
+estimated at a very large sum of money, which one of his sisters (I
+think, the Princess of Borghese) put round his neck the night he took
+leave of her at Paris, on his setting out to join the army previous to
+the battle of Waterloo, and which he had taken off and deposited in a
+secret place in the carriage; Marchand, his valet de chambre, being so
+nearly taken by the Prussian hussars, that he quitted the carriage
+without having time to secure it. But I have since learned from Las
+Cases's Memoirs, that the necklace alluded to was saved, and that Las
+Cases had it concealed about his person all the time he was on board
+the Bellerophon.
+
+It has been stated in many of the public prints, that had not the
+Marquis of Anglesea received a wound when he was leading on a charge,
+Buonaparte must have fallen into his hands. In consequence of
+observing this assertion, I asked Generals Bertrand and Gourgaud
+whether they knew if any such occurrence had taken place: both of whom
+replied, "Certainly not; the Emperor was frequently in the midst of
+the British troops (p�le-m�le avec les troupes Angloises); but at no
+time during the battle was he in danger of being captured by a charge
+of cavalry."
+
+The midshipmen of the Bellerophon were in the habit of occasionally
+performing plays, to amuse themselves and the officers during the
+tedious operations of a blockade. Buonaparte being told of it by
+Savary, requested that they would oblige him by acting one for his
+amusement. During the performance, Madame Bertrand sat next to him,
+and interpreted. He appeared much amused, and laughed very heartily at
+our ladies, who were personated by great strapping fellows dressed in
+women's clothes, and not in the most tidy fashion. He had the patience
+to remain to the end of the third act, though, when attending the
+Opera at Paris, he had always retired at the end of the first.
+
+I heard several of the French officers discussing the merits of the
+British troops. One of them said, "The cavalry is superb." I
+observed, "In England we have a higher opinion of our infantry." "You
+are right," said he; "there is none such in the world: there is no
+making an impression on them: you may as well attempt to charge
+through a wall: and their fire is tremendous." Another of them
+observed: "A great fault in your cavalry is their not having their
+horses sufficiently under command: there must be something wrong in
+the bit, as on one or two occasions in a charge, they could not stop
+their horses: our troops opened to the right and left, let them pass
+through, and then closed their ranks again, when they were either
+killed or taken prisoners."
+
+I never heard Buonaparte speak of the battle of Waterloo, or give an
+opinion of the Duke of Wellington; but I asked General Bertrand what
+Napoleon thought of him. "Why," replied he, "I will give you his
+opinion nearly in the words he delivered it to me. 'The Duke of
+Wellington, in the management of an army, is fully equal to myself,
+with the advantage of possessing more prudence.'"
+
+During the time that Buonaparte was on board the Bellerophon, we
+always lived expressly for his accommodation--entirely in the French
+manner; that is to say, a hot meal was served at ten o'clock in the
+morning, and another at six in the evening; and so nearly did they
+resemble each other in all respects, that a stranger might have found
+difficulty, in coming into the cabin, to distinguish breakfast from
+dinner. His ma�tre d'h�tel took the joints off the table, cut them up
+in portions, and then handed them round. Buonaparte ate a great deal,
+and generally of strong solid food: in drinking he was extremely
+abstemious, confining himself almost entirely to claret, and seldom
+taking more than half-a-pint at a meal. Immediately after dinner,
+strong coffee was handed round, and then some cordial; after which he
+rose from table, the whole meal seldom lasting more than twenty or
+twenty-five minutes: and I was told, that during the time he was at
+the head of the French Government, he never allowed more than fifteen
+minutes for that purpose.
+
+After he had quitted the ship, being desirous to know the feeling of
+the ship's company towards him, I asked my servant what the people
+said of him. "Why, Sir," he answered, "I heard several of them
+conversing together about him this morning; when one of them observed,
+'Well, they may abuse that man as much as they please; but if the
+people of England knew him as well as we do, they would not hurt a
+hair of his head;' in which the others agreed." This was the more
+extraordinary, as he never went through the ship's company but once,
+immediately after his coming on board, when I attended him, and he did
+not speak to any of the men; merely returning their salute by pulling
+off his hat; and in consequence of his presence, they suffered many
+privations, such as not being allowed to see their wives and friends,
+or to go on shore, having to keep watch in port, &c.; and when he left
+the ship, the only money he distributed was twenty Napoleons to my
+steward, fifteen to one of the under-servants, and ten to the cook.
+
+It may, perhaps, be interesting to give a slight sketch of the
+principal persons who accompanied Buonaparte to the Bellerophon;
+premising, that I do not pretend to be minutely correct in the view I
+took of them: the trying circumstances in which these unfortunate men
+were placed, being such as required more than common temper; and I
+think it very doubtful, whether, in the same situation, Englishmen
+would have maintained equal forbearance.
+
+Count Bertrand was a man of about forty-four years of age, five feet
+ten inches in height, of a slight make and prepossessing appearance:
+his manners extremely placid and gentle, though evidently of a warm
+temper; and showed himself rather hasty in his conduct to Sir George
+Cockburn, about searching the baggage; as Sir George was not acting
+upon his own authority, but by the directions of his superiors, and
+was inclined to conduct himself with as much consideration as his
+orders would admit. He was an affectionate attentive husband, and much
+attached to his children.
+
+The Countess Bertrand was then of a tall, slight figure. Her maiden
+name was Dillon; her father was an Irishman in the French service, who
+lost his life during the revolution, and was related to Lord Dillon.
+Though, perhaps, a little warm, she has undoubtedly many excellent
+qualities: she showed herself to be a kind mother and affectionate
+wife; and if she easily took offence, she as easily forgot it; and any
+little dispute that occurred between her and me, was amply atoned for
+by the frank and affectionate manner in which she took leave when we
+were about to part, perhaps for ever.[13] They had, at the time I
+speak of, three fine children,--two boys and a girl; the eldest boy
+about five years of age, who seemed to have a natural turn for the
+profession of his father: his constant amusement, in which the young
+lady and little Montholon joined, was forming lines and squares, and
+other military evolutions, on the quarter-deck.
+
+         [Footnote 13: [I think the handsome and gentlemanlike account
+         of Madame Bertrand is a complete _amende honorable_ for
+         anything said of her in the course of the journal, and forms
+         a complete refutation to the objections made in the sense of
+         delicacy towards that lady for mentioning some part of the
+         conversation when in warmer moments. If you were to mention
+         your having afterwards met her in France, I think it would be
+         interesting.--SCOTT.]]
+
+General Savary, Duc de Rovigo, was a tall handsome man, then about
+forty-six years of age, of a cheerful disposition; and notwithstanding
+the alarm he was in lest he should be given up to the French
+Government, he never forgot himself so far as to make use of a rude
+expression in my presence. He was Minister of Police after Fouch�. As
+a great deal had been said about Captain Wright's death, I spoke to
+him one day upon the subject, and told him it was generally believed
+in England that he had been murdered: he said, "I took much pains in
+investigating that matter, and in ascertaining the cause of his death;
+and I have not a doubt that he cut his own throat in a fit of
+delirium." Neither Savary nor Lallemand were allowed to accompany
+Buonaparte to St Helena; but on the Bellerophon's return to Plymouth,
+after transferring Napoleon to the Northumberland, both of them,
+together with Planat and the other officers with the exception of
+three, were, by an order from the Admiralty, sent on board the Eurotas
+frigate, which conveyed them to Malta, from whence, after remaining
+some time as prisoners in Fort St Angelo, they were allowed to proceed
+to Smyrna.
+
+General Lallemand[14] was about forty-two years of age, of a thick
+strong make; his manners not pleasing, and his appearance by no means
+prepossessing. During the whole time he was in the Bellerophon, he was
+morose and abstracted, and seemed much alarmed lest he should be given
+up to the French Government; and there can be little doubt, had he
+fallen into its power, he would have shared the fate of Ney, as he
+had, with the troops under his command, joined Napoleon on his return
+from Elba. He had formerly been, for several years, one of
+Buonaparte's aide-de-camps, and during the time he was in the
+Bellerophon always did that duty in rotation with Montholon and
+Gourgaud; one of them sleeping in his clothes on a mattress every
+night outside of the door of the cabin he slept in. The other two
+aide-de-camps, Generals Montholon and Gourgaud, were young men about
+thirty-two years of age, the former an officer in the cavalry, and the
+other in the artillery: they were both of good families; but their
+attachment to Buonaparte induced them to give up their country and
+property to follow him.
+
+         [Footnote 14: [Lallemand, if I recollect right, had begun the
+         counter-revolution in Bonaparte's favour in the north-east of
+         France, and anticipated the moment of success, so that his
+         scheme had failed. I have some reason to think (being at
+         Paris at the time and much with those who knew something of
+         what was going on) that he would have been condemned to death
+         along with Ney had he fallen into the hands of the restored
+         Government. His person should be described.--SCOTT.]]
+
+Madame Montholon was a quiet unassuming woman, gave no trouble, and
+seemed perfectly satisfied, provided she were allowed to accompany
+her husband. She had with her one fine little boy, about four years
+old, and I believe left another child at nurse in France.
+
+Count Las Cases, though he bore the title of Counsellor of State, held
+no official situation with Buonaparte; nor did I perfectly understand
+how he came to accompany him on his departure from France, as he was
+not with him in Elba: but the intimacy appeared to have been formed
+since his return from that island. Napoleon was fond of his
+conversation. He was of small stature, being little more than five
+feet high, and slightly made. He always spoke of his master in terms
+of enthusiasm, and resisted every application from his wife and family
+to remain behind, being determined to follow wherever Buonaparte might
+be sent. He took with him his eldest son, a quick intelligent boy of
+thirteen.
+
+Monsieur Maingaut, the surgeon, with all the domestics beyond the
+twelve who went to St Helena, were conveyed in the Bellerophon to
+Portsmouth, and from thence sent to Cherbourg, and landed there.
+Monsieur Saint Catharine, a lad about sixteen, nephew to the Empress
+Josephine, and a native of Martinique, was provided with a passage to
+that island in one of our sloops of war.
+
+Captain Prontowski, a Pole, was allowed to proceed to St Helena, some
+time after the Northumberland sailed. Why this indulgence was granted
+to him, I never clearly understood; but it was said to be in
+consequence of the representations he made to the British Government,
+of the very strong attachment he entertained to his fallen master,--a
+feeling, as far as I could judge, which prevailed with equal force in
+the breasts of all those who accompanied him from France, without
+excepting Madame Bertrand, who, when not influenced by the horror she
+entertained of being banished to St Helena, always spoke of him not
+only with affection, but in the language of respect and enthusiasm.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+[Sir Walter Scott adds at the end of his notes:--
+
+     I declare against abridgement. You are publishing a great and
+     interesting national document, in which accuracy is everything,
+     and abridgement takes greatly from its authenticity. Anything
+     that can be pointed out as what might be personally injurious to
+     these individuals whose attachment to a fallen master renders
+     them objects of interest ought of course to be retrenched. But on
+     no other account would I in Capt. M.'s place consent to alter a
+     word of a narrative written down at the time; and this you may
+     depend upon, that the more minute the narrative is the more it
+     will be interesting to the public. Minuteness is in itself the
+     voucher for authenticity. I presume to press this general remark.
+
+     The whole narrative is as fine, manly, and explicit an account as
+     ever was given of so interesting a transaction. It is one in
+     which Captain Maitland not only vindicates his own character, but
+     guarantees that of the British nation. I really, since an
+     opportunity is given me by Capt. Maitland's confidence, protest
+     against its being snipped and clipped like the feet of the
+     ladies who wished to qualify themselves for the glass slipper.
+
+     The corrections in point of mere style are generally for the
+     better, and, I think, ought to be adopted. But let an idea get
+     abroad that your narrative has been altered and modified to suit
+     existing times, and the public suspicion will greatly outrun the
+     fact and suppose that material cancels or alterations have been
+     made.]
+
+
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+
+So many erroneous statements have gone abroad, as to the terms of
+Buonaparte's reception on board the Bellerophon, that I conceive it
+right to give the following correspondence, although at the expense of
+some repetition; in order to its being distinctly seen, that the good
+faith of the British nation was not compromised on that occasion, but
+that His Majesty's Government were at perfect liberty, as far as those
+terms were concerned, to act as they thought best.
+
+
+                                  "Tonnant, at anchor under Berryhead,
+                                                     7th August, 1815.
+
+"SIR,
+
+"Count Las Cases having this morning stated to me that he understood
+from you, when he was on board the Bellerophon in Basque Roads, on a
+mission from General Buonaparte, that you were authorized to receive
+the General and his suite on board the ship you command, for
+conveyance to England; and that you assured him, at the same time,
+that both the General and his suite would be well received there; you
+are to report for my information, such observations as you may
+consider it necessary to make upon these assertions.
+
+  "I am, Sir,
+           Your most obedient,
+                            humble servant,
+                                         KEITH, Admiral."
+
+  "Captain Maitland,
+  Bellerophon."
+
+
+                                                  "H.M.S. Bellerophon,
+                                     Plymouth Sound, 8th August, 1815.
+
+"MY LORD,
+
+"I have to acknowledge the receipt of your Lordship's letter of
+yesterday's date, informing me that Count Las Cases had stated to you,
+that he had understood from me when he was on board the Bellerophon in
+Basque Roads, on a mission from General Buonaparte, that I was
+authorized to receive the General and his suite on board the ship I
+command, for a conveyance to England, and that I assured him at the
+same time, that both the General and his suite would be well received
+there; and directing me to report for your Lordship's information such
+observations as I may consider it necessary to make upon these
+assertions. I shall, in consequence, state, to the best of my
+recollection, the whole of the transaction that took place between
+Count Las Cases and me, on the 14th of July, respecting the
+embarkation of Napoleon Buonaparte, for the veracity of which I beg to
+refer your Lordship to Captain Sartorius as to what was said in the
+morning, and to that officer and Captain Gambier (the Myrmidon having
+joined me in the afternoon) as to what passed in the evening.
+
+"Your Lordship being informed already of the flag of truce that came
+out to me on the 10th of July, as well as of every thing that occurred
+on that occasion, I shall confine myself to the transactions of the
+14th of the same month.
+
+"Early in the morning of that day, the officer of the watch informed
+me, a schooner, bearing a flag of truce, was approaching: on her
+joining the ship, about seven A.M. the Count Las Cases and General
+Lallemand came on board, when, on being shown into the cabin, Las
+Cases asked me if any answer had been returned to the letter sent by
+me to Sir Henry Hotham respecting Napoleon Buonaparte being allowed to
+pass for America, either in the frigates or in a neutral vessel. I
+informed him no answer had been returned, though I hourly expected, in
+consequence of those despatches, Sir Henry Hotham would arrive; and,
+as I had told Monsieur Las Cases, when last on board, that I should
+send my boat in when the answer came, it was quite unnecessary to have
+sent out a flag of truce on that account:--there, for the time, the
+conversation terminated. On their coming on board, I had made the
+signal for the Captain of the Slaney, being desirous of having a
+witness to all that might pass.
+
+"After breakfast (during which Captain Sartorius came on board) we
+retired to the after-cabin, when Monsieur Las Cases began on the same
+subject, and said, 'The Emperor was so anxious to stop the further
+effusion of blood, that he would go to America in any way the English
+Government would sanction, either in a neutral, a disarmed frigate, or
+an English ship of war.' To which I replied, 'I have no authority to
+permit any of those measures; but if he chooses to come on board the
+ship I command, I think, under the orders I am acting with, I may
+venture to receive him and carry him to England; but, if I do so, I
+can in no way be answerable for the reception he may meet with (this I
+repeated several times); when Las Cases said, 'I have little doubt,
+under those circumstances, that you will see the Emperor on board the
+Bellerophon.' After some more general conversation, and the above
+being frequently repeated, Monsieur Las Cases and General Lallemand
+took their leave: and I assure your Lordship that I never, in any way,
+entered into conditions with respect to the reception General
+Buonaparte was to meet with; nor was it, at that time, finally
+arranged that he was to come on board the Bellerophon. In the course
+of conversation, Las Cases asked me whether I thought Buonaparte would
+be well received in England; to which I gave the only answer I could
+do in my situation--'That I did not at all know what was the intention
+of the British Government; but I had no reason to suppose he would not
+be well received.' It is here worthy of remark, that when Las Cases
+came on board, he assured me that Buonaparte was then at Rochefort,
+and that it would be necessary for him to go there to report the
+conversation that had passed between us (this I can prove by the
+testimony of Captain Sartorius, and the first Lieutenant of this ship,
+to whom I spoke of it at the time), which statement was not fact;
+Buonaparte never having quitted Isle d'Aix, or the frigates, after the
+3rd.
+
+"I was, therefore, much surprised at seeing Monsieur Las Cases on
+board again before seven o'clock the same evening; and one of the
+first questions I put to him was, whether he had been at Rochefort. He
+answered, that on returning to Isle d'Aix, he found that Buonaparte
+had arrived there.
+
+"Monsieur Las Cases then presented to me the letter Count Bertrand
+wrote concerning Buonaparte's intention to come on board the ship (a
+copy of which has been transmitted to your Lordship by Sir Henry
+Hotham); and it was not till then agreed upon that I should receive
+him; when either Monsieur Las Cases, or General Gourgaud (I am not
+positive which, as I was employed writing my own despatches), wrote to
+Bertrand to inform him of it. While paper was preparing to write the
+letter, I said again to Monsieur Las Cases, 'You will recollect I have
+no authority for making conditions of any sort.' Nor has Monsieur Las
+Cases ever started such an idea till the day before yesterday. That it
+was not the feeling of Buonaparte, or the rest of his people, I will
+give strong proof, drawn from the conversations they have held with
+me.
+
+"As I never heard the subject mentioned till two days ago, I shall not
+detail every conversation that has passed, but confine myself to that
+period.
+
+"The night that the squadron anchored at the back of Berryhead,
+Buonaparte sent for me about 10 P.M. and said he was informed by
+Bertrand, that I had received orders to remove him to the
+Northumberland, and wished to know if that was the case; on being told
+that it was, he requested I would write a letter to Bertrand, stating
+I had such orders, that it might not appear that he went of his own
+accord, but that he had been forced to do so. I told him, I could have
+no objection, and wrote a letter to that effect (a copy of which is
+here annexed), which your Lordship afterwards sanctioned, and desired
+me, if he required it, to give him a copy of the order.
+
+"After having arranged that matter, I was going to withdraw, when he
+requested me to remain, as he had something more to say: he then began
+complaining of his treatment in being forced to go to St Helena: among
+other things, he observed, 'They say I made no conditions: certainly,
+I made no conditions: how could a private man (_un particulier_) make
+conditions with a nation? I wanted nothing from them but hospitality,
+or (as the ancients would express it) air and water. I threw myself on
+the generosity of the English nation; I claimed a place _sur leurs
+foyers_, and my only wish was to purchase a small estate and end my
+life in tranquillity.' After more of the same sort of conversation I
+left him for the night.
+
+"On the morning he removed from the Bellerophon to the Northumberland,
+he sent for me again, and said, 'I have sent for you to express my
+gratitude for your conduct to me, while I have been on board the ship
+you command. My reception in England has been very different from what
+I expected; but you throughout have behaved like a man of honour; and
+I request you will accept my thanks, as well as convey them to the
+officers, and ship's company of the Bellerophon.'
+
+"Soon afterwards Montholon came to me from Buonaparte; but, to
+understand what passed between him and me, I must revert to a
+conversation that I had with Madame Bertrand on the passage from
+Rochefort.
+
+"It is not necessary to state how the conversation commenced, as it
+does not apply to the present transaction; but she informed me, that
+it was Buonaparte's intention to present me with a box containing his
+picture set with diamonds. I answered, 'I hope not, for I cannot
+receive it.' 'Then you will offend him very much,' she said. 'If that
+is the case,' I replied, 'I request you will take measures to prevent
+its being offered, as it is absolutely impossible I can accept of it;
+and I wish to spare him the mortification, and myself the pain, of a
+refusal.' There the matter dropt, and I heard no more of it, till
+about half an hour before Buonaparte quitted the Bellerophon, when
+Montholon came to me, and said he was desired by Buonaparte to express
+the high sense he entertained of my conduct throughout the whole of
+the transaction: that it had been his intention to present me with a
+box containing his portrait, but that he understood I was determined
+not to accept it. I said, 'Placed as I was, I felt it impossible to
+receive a present from him, though I was highly flattered at the
+testimony he had borne to the uprightness of my conduct throughout.'
+Montholon then added, 'One of the greatest causes of chagrin he feels
+in not being admitted to an interview with the Prince Regent, is, that
+he had determined to ask as a favour, your being promoted to the rank
+of Rear-Admiral.' To which I replied, 'That would have been quite
+impossible, but I do not the less feel the kindness of the intention.'
+I then said, 'I am hurt that Las Cases should say I held forth any
+assurances as to the reception Buonaparte was to meet with in
+England.' 'Oh!' said he, 'Las Cases is disappointed in his
+expectations; and as he negotiated the affair, he attributes the
+Emperor's situation to himself: but I can assure you, that he
+(Buonaparte) feels convinced you have acted like a man of honour
+throughout.'
+
+"As your Lordship overheard part of a conversation which took place
+between Las Cases and me on the quarter-deck of the Bellerophon, I
+shall not detail it; but on that occasion, I positively denied having
+promised anything as to the reception of Buonaparte and his suite; and
+I believe your Lordship was of opinion he could not make out the
+statement to you.
+
+"It is extremely unpleasant for me to be under the necessity of
+entering into a detail of this sort; but the unhandsome representation
+Monsieur Las Cases has made to your Lordship of my conduct, has
+obliged me to produce proofs of the light in which the transaction was
+viewed by Buonaparte as well as his attendants.
+
+"I again repeat, that Captains Gambier and Sartorius can verify the
+principal part of what I have stated, as far as concerns the charge
+made against me by Count Las Cases.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                      Your Lordship's
+                             Most obedient humble servant,
+                                               FREDERICK L. MAITLAND."
+
+  "To the Right Hon.
+  Viscount Keith, G.C.B.
+  &c. &c. &c."
+
+
+                                           "Slaney, in Plymouth Sound,
+                                                    15th August, 1815.
+
+"MY LORD,
+
+"I have read Captain Maitland's letter to your Lordship, of the 8th
+instant, containing his observations upon the assertions made on the
+preceding day by Count Las Cases; and I most fully attest the
+correctness of the statement he has made, so far as relates to the
+conversations that took place in my presence.
+
+  "I have the honour to be,
+                     Your Lordship's
+                                Most obedient humble servant,
+                                                      G. R. SARTORIUS,
+                                              Capt. of H.M.S. Slaney."
+
+  "To the Right Hon.
+  Viscount Keith, G.C.B.
+  &c. &c. &c."
+
+
+A letter to the same effect as the foregoing was written to Lord
+Keith, by Captain Gambier, of the Myrmidon, and forwarded by his
+Lordship to the Admiralty, with my report; of which, by some accident,
+the Admiral's secretary did not furnish me with a copy.
+
+
+
+
+ADDITIONAL APPENDIX.
+
+
+I.
+
+LIST OF OFFICERS borne on the Books of H.M.S. Bellerophon in July
+1815.
+
+  Captain Fred. L. Maitland.
+  Lieutenant Andrew Mott.[15]
+    "        William Walford.
+    "        John Bowerbank.
+    "        Gabriel Christie.
+    "        Edward William Ramsay.
+  Captain of Marines, George Marshall.
+  Lieutenant of Marines, J. W. Simpson.
+    "                    Henry Smith.
+  Master, Stephen Vale.
+  Surgeon, Barry O'Meara.
+  Assistant-Surgeon, A. Milne.
+    "                E. Graebke.
+  Chaplain, J. W. Wynne.
+  Purser, George Jackson.
+
+         [Footnote 15: "Our new first lieutenant, Mr Andrew Mott, was
+         the best officer I ever saw in charge of a quarter-deck. I
+         often wondered when that man slept, eat, or dressed himself,
+         for he was hardly ever missed from deck, was always fresh and
+         vigorous, and his dress and appearance would, at any time,
+         have done honour to the queen's drawing-room. Maitland was,
+         withal, rather a little easy-going, and it occurred to me
+         that, knowing his defect in this way, he contrived always to
+         get a tolerable tartar of a first lieutenant, so that between
+         the captain's good nature and the lieutenant's severity,
+         which he occasionally checked and tempered when he thought
+         the lieutenant was likely to exceed bounds, the ship was kept
+         in capital discipline."--Home's _Memoirs_, p. 209.]
+
+
+II.
+
+Letter from EPHRAIM GRAEBKE, assistant-surgeon on board H.M.S.
+Bellerophon, to his mother, giving an account of Napoleon's surrender
+(British Museum, Additional MSS. 34,710, f. 81).
+
+
+                                   H.M.S. Bellerophon, Plymouth Sound,
+                                               Tuesday, July 30, 1815.
+
+MY DEAR MOTHER,
+
+You will be surprised at not hearing from me, and knowing the
+Bellerophon's arrival in England, but when I tell you no private
+letters were allowed to leave the ship before to-day, that will cease.
+It's unnecessary to say that we have got Buonaparte and suite on
+board, as it was known in England previous to our arrival, which took
+place on the 24th instant in Torbay. The circumstances which led to
+his surrender were his defeats in all points, and was it not for the
+strict blockade we kept up would [_sic_] have escaped to America. We
+heard of his being on board the French frigate Saale off Rochfort,
+from which moment we watched his movements if possible more closely
+than before. On the morning of the 14th instant, observing a schooner
+bearing a flag of truce on board standing towards us, we hove to for
+her, when Count Lascazas and General Lallemande came on board with
+proposals from Buonaparte, in consequence of which we came to anchor
+in the evening in the roads off Rochelle. Next morning, 15th instant,
+at 4 A.M. observed a man-of-war brig standing out and beating towards
+us, we immediately dispatched all our boats. Lieut. Mott in the barge
+brought Buonaparte on board at 7, the boats were busily employed in
+bringing his retinue and baggage, and I never saw men exert themselves
+so much as ours did that day, lest Admiral Hotham should take him, as
+he was off the harbour in the Superb, and saw him coming on board
+here, and did all in his power to get in, but did not come to anchor
+before 11 in the forenoon. Buonaparte is a fine-looking man, inclined
+to corpulency, is five feet six inches in height, his hair turning
+grey, and a little bald on the crown of the head, no whiskers,
+complexion French yellow, eyes grey, Roman nose, good mouth and chin,
+neck short, big belly, arms stout, small white hands, and shews a good
+leg. He wears a cocked hat somewhat like our old-fashioned three
+cornered ones, with the tri-coloured cockade in it, plain green coat,
+cape red, and cuffs the same, plain gold epaulets, and a large star on
+the left breast, white waistcoat and breeches and white silk
+stockings, thin shoes and buckles. Eats but two meals in the day,
+breakfast and dinner, and these are sumptuous, fish, flesh, and fowl,
+wines, fruit, various French dishes &c. &c. He breakfasts about eleven
+and dines at six, is about half an hour at each, when he generally
+comes on deck or goes into the after-cabin to study. We do not know
+what's to be done with him yet, he remains on board until we hear from
+the allies. In his suite are Marshal Bertrand, Duc de Rovigo [Savary]
+once the French minister of police, Counts Lascazas and Montholon,
+Generals Lallemande and Gourgou, several Lieut.-Colonels and Captains,
+to enumerate them would be tedious. We have 33 on board, 17 were sent
+on board the Myrmidon, Captn. Gambier. There are two Countesses on
+board, but not to be compared even to our English ladies. Their
+children are handsome.... We performed the comedy of the "Poor
+Gentleman" before Buonaparte and suite. I acted the part of Corporal
+Foss. It went off very well, our scenery was excellent. The female
+dresses were badly suited for Midshipmen. I long to hear from you and
+will expect to hear all the news.... I wish you were all here to see
+Buonaparte, the curiosity of all ranks to see him is excessive. There
+are Admiralty orders not to allow any person whatever on board, but
+they crowd in boats round the ship, and he very condescendingly stands
+looking at them through a spyglass. There are two frigates, one on
+each side of us, the Eurotas and Liffey, and their boats are
+constantly rowing about the ship to keep off the boats. We prisoners
+have no other amusement than to look at them contending for places. I
+hope we will soon be allowed to go ashore, as I want to see Captain
+Sandys. You must be tired reading this long epistle. We took some
+prizes, one ship laden with Buonaparte's soldiers, one chasse mar�e
+laden with resin, and the Cephulus man-of-war brig sent in a West
+Indiaman laden with sugar, coffee, &c. from Martinique bound to
+France, and for which we will share by mutual agreements. Give my
+affectionate love to Ally, Anne, Wilhelmina, Sophia and Jane. I know
+the want of not being near them as my shirts are going to pieces, as
+soon as I can afford the sum I will get some new ones. I have the old
+number the same as when I left you and bought none since.... I remain,
+my dear mother, your affectionate son,
+
+                                                      EPHRAIM GRAEBKE.
+
+_P.S._--I think myself very lucky to belong to the old Bellerophon at
+this important time. Lose no time in answering this letter.
+
+  Mrs GRAEBKE,
+  MIDLETON, CO. CORK.
+
+
+III.
+
+Extracts from _Memoirs of an Aristocrat, and Reminiscences of the
+Emperor Napoleon, by a Midshipman of the Bellerophon_ [George Home].
+London, Whittaker & Co., and Bell & Bradfute, Edinburgh, 1838.
+
+
+About six in the morning, the look-out man at the mast-head announced
+a large ship of war standing direct in for the roadstead, which
+Captain Maitland, suspecting to be the Superb, bearing the flag of
+Admiral Sir Henry Hotham, he gave immediate orders to hoist out the
+barge, and dispatched her, under the command of the first lieutenant,
+to the French brig, being apprehensive that if the Admiral arrived
+before the brig got out, that Napoleon would deliver himself up to the
+Admiral instead of us, and thus have lost us so much honour.
+
+As our barge approached, the brig hove to, and from the moment she
+came alongside, we watched every motion with deep anxiety. Like all
+Napoleon's movements, he was not slow even in this, his last free act.
+The barge had not remained ten minutes alongside, before we saw the
+rigging of the brig crowded with men, persons stepping down the side
+into the boat, and the next moment she shoved off, and gave way for
+the ship; while the waving of the men's hats in the rigging, and the
+cheering which we heard faintly in the distance, left no doubt that
+the expected guest was approaching. A general's guard of marines was
+ordered aft on the quarter-deck, and the boatswain stood, whistle in
+hand, ready to do the honours of the side. The lieutenants stood
+grouped first on the quarter-deck, and we more humble middies behind
+them, while the captain, evidently in much anxiety, kept trudging
+backwards and forwards between the gangway and his own cabin,
+sometimes peeping out at one of the quarter-deck ports, to see if the
+barge was drawing near.
+
+It is a sin to mix up any trifling story with so great an event; but a
+circumstance occurred so laughable of itself, rendered more so from
+the solemnity of the occasion, that I cannot resist mentioning it.
+While in this state of eager expectation, a young midshipman, one of
+the Bruces of Kennet, I think, walked very demurely up to Manning, the
+boatswain, who was standing all importance at the gangway, and after
+comically eyeing his squat figure and bronzed countenance, Bruce
+gently laid hold of one of his whiskers, to which the boatswain
+good-naturedly submitted, as the youngster was a great favourite with
+him.
+
+"Manning," says he, most sentimentally, "this is the proudest day of
+your life; you are this day to do the honours of the side to the
+greatest man the world ever produced or ever will produce."
+
+Here the boatswain eyed him with proud delight.
+
+"And along with the great Napoleon, the name of Manning, the
+boatswain of the Bellerophon, will go down to the latest posterity;
+and, as a relic of that great man, permit me, my dear Manning, to
+preserve a lock of your hair."
+
+Here he made an infernal tug at the boatswain's immense whisker, and
+fairly carried away a part of it, making his way through the crowd,
+and down below with the speed of an arrow. The infuriated boatswain,
+finding he had passed so rapidly from the sublime to the ridiculous,
+through the instrumentality of this imp of a youngster, could vent his
+rage in no way but by making his glazed hat spin full force after his
+tantalizer, with a "G--d d----n your young eyes and limbs." The hat,
+however, fell far short of young Bruce, and the noise and half burst
+of laughter the trick occasioned drew the attention of the Captain,
+who, coming up, with a "What, what's all this?" the poor boatswain was
+glad to draw to his hat and resume his position.
+
+The barge approached, and ranged alongside. The first lieutenant came
+up the side, and to Maitland's eager and blunt question, "Have you got
+him?" he answered in the affirmative. After the lieutenant came
+Savary, followed by Marshal Bertrand, who bowed and fell back a pace
+on the gangway to await the ascent of their master. And now came the
+little great man himself, wrapped up in his gray greatcoat buttoned to
+the chin, three-cocked hat and Hussar boots, without any sword, I
+suppose as emblematical of his changed condition. Maitland received
+him with every mark of respect, as far as look and deportment could
+indicate; but he was _not_ received with the respect due to a crowned
+head, which was afterwards insidiously thrown out against Maitland. So
+far from that, the captain, on Napoleon's addressing him, only moved
+his hat, as to a general officer, and remained covered while the
+Emperor spoke to him. His expressions were brief, I believe only
+reiterating what he had stated the day previous in his letter to the
+Prince Regent, "That he placed himself under the protection of the
+British nation, and under that of the British commander as the
+representative of his sovereign." The captain again moved his hat, and
+turned to conduct the Emperor to the cabin. As he passed through the
+officers assembled on the quarter-deck, he repeatedly bowed slightly
+to us, and smiled. What an ineffable beauty there was in that smile,
+his teeth were finely set, and as white as ivory, and his mouth had a
+charm about it that I have never seen in any other human countenance.
+I marked his fine robust figure as he followed Captain Maitland into
+the cabin, and, boy as I was, I said to myself, "Now have I a tale for
+futurity."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+I shall never forget that morning we made Ushant. I had come on deck
+at four in the morning to take the morning watch, and the washing of
+decks had just begun, when, to my astonishment, I saw the Emperor come
+out of the cabin at that early hour, and make for the poop-ladder. Had
+I known what human misery is as well as I do now, when I have myself
+experienced the most cruel injustice and persecution on a lesser
+scale, the restlessness of Napoleon, or his being unable to close an
+eye, would have in no way surprised me. If a petty care can break our
+sleep, what must have been _his_ feeling who had lost the fairest
+empire on the face of the globe; nay, who had lost a world? From the
+wetness of the decks, he was in danger of falling at every step, and I
+immediately stepped up to him, hat in hand, and tendered him my arm,
+which he laid hold of at once, smiling, and pointing to the poop,
+saying in broken English, "the poop, the poop"; he ascended the
+poop-ladder leaning on my arm; and having gained the deck, he quitted
+his hold and mounted upon a gun-slide, nodding and smiling thanks, for
+my attention, and pointing to the land he said, "Ushant, Cape Ushant."
+I replied, "Yes, sire," and withdrew. He then took out a pocket-glass
+and applied it to his eye, looking eagerly at the land. In this
+position, he remained from five in the morning to nearly mid-day,
+without paying any attention to what was passing around him, or
+speaking to one of his suite, who had been standing behind him for
+several hours.
+
+No wonder he thus gazed, it was the last look of the land of his
+glory, and I am convinced he felt it such. What must have been his
+feelings in those few hours, how painful the retrospect, and how awful
+the look forward!--_there_ still lay before him that land which he had
+made so famous, where his proud name had risen until it "o'ershadowed
+the earth with his fame"; there had he been worshipped almost as a
+god, and bowed to by every servile knee, that now, in the hour of
+bitter adversity, had basely deserted and betrayed him. Never man was
+read such a lesson as must have passed before him in that brief space,
+unless, really, that the greatness of the change, the suddenness of
+the fall had benumbed all feeling, and left him only a mass of
+contending passions which combated and stilled each other by the very
+violence of their working. But this was not the case with Napoleon,
+his emotion was visible, he hung upon the land until it looked only a
+speck in the distance, and then, turning, stepped from the gun-slide
+into the arms of his faithful Bertrand, who stood ready to receive his
+fallen master. He uttered not a word as he tottered down the
+poop-ladder, his head hung heavily forward, so as to render his
+countenance scarcely visible, and in this way he was conducted to his
+cabin.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Amongst other plans for killing the time, and lightening the tedium of
+a sea passage to the refugees, we bethought us of getting up a play.
+This was managed by one of the lieutenants of marines, a fellow of
+great taste, and some one or two of the midshipmen, who pretended to
+skill in the Shakespearian art. What the piece was I do not recollect,
+but when it was announced to the Emperor, by Captain Maitland, and the
+immortal honour of his imperial presence begged, for a few minutes, he
+laughed very heartily, consented instantly; and turning to Lady
+Bertrand, told her that she must stand his interpreter. The stage was
+fitted up between decks, more, I am afraid, in ship-shape than
+theatrical style; and, sure enough, Napoleon and his whole suite
+attended. He was much amused with those who took the female parts,
+which, by the way, was the most smooth-chinned of our young gentlemen,
+remarking that they were rather a little Dutch built for fine ladies;
+and, after good-naturedly sitting for nearly twenty minutes, he rose,
+smiled to the actors, and retired. I mention these circumstances, by
+way of showing the last glimpses of sunshine that enlivened the
+exile's closing scene.
+
+On the 23rd, we made the land; and, on the 24th, at seven P.M., we
+came to an anchor in Torbay, when the first lieutenant was immediately
+put on shore, with orders to proceed by land to Plymouth, with
+dispatches for Lord Keith, at that time admiral on the Plymouth
+station.
+
+I happened to be midshipman of the boat, which conveyed the first
+lieutenant on shore; and no sooner had we got clear of him, than I was
+taken prisoner by some twenty young ladies, marched off to a fine
+house in the little town, regaled with tea and clouted cream, and
+bored with five thousand questions about Napoleon, the ridiculousness
+of which I have often laughed at since. "What like was he--was he
+really a man? Were his hands and clothes all over blood when he came
+on board? Was it true that he had killed three horses in riding from
+Waterloo to the Bellerophon? Were we not all frightened for him? Was
+his voice like thunder? Could I possibly get them a sight of the
+monster, just that they might be able to say they had seen him?" etc.
+etc. I assured those inquisitive nymphs, that the reports they had
+heard were all nonsense; that the Emperor was not only a man, but a
+very handsome man too; young withal, had no more blood upon his hands
+or clothes than was now upon their pure white dresses; that if by
+chance they got a look of him at the gangway, they would fall in love
+with him directly; that so far from his hands being red with blood,
+they were as small, white, and soft as their own charming fingers, and
+his voice, instead of resembling thunder, was as sweet and musical as
+their own. This account of the Emperor's beauty perfectly astonished
+the recluses of Torbay; some misbelieved altogether, while the
+curiosity of others was excited beyond all bounds. A general
+proposition was now made, that I should bundle them, like live cattle,
+into my little cutter, and take them all on board to gratify their
+curiosity at once. This was quite contrary to orders. Not a soul was
+allowed to come on board the ship, and I had to plead a thousand
+excuses for my want of gallantry, in not complying with the very
+natural wish of my young companions. As far as I was concerned,
+resistance was vain; I was again seized, hurried down to the boat, and
+had the pleasure of seeing it filled to cramming with the charmers of
+Torbay. This was a devil of a mess;--I might as well have gone into
+the mouth of a cannon, as have carried such a cargo alongside the
+ship,--the thing was impossible. So I had nothing for it, but to call
+aside the boat's crew, and whisper to them to use gentle violence with
+my young boarders, and set them down on shore. This was glorious fun
+to Jack;--to work they fell, and in the midst of screams, laughter,
+and a few d----n my eyes, ma'am, don't kick so hard, on the part of
+the Bellerophons, we had our nymphs safely deposited on terra firma,
+and were off in a trice, enjoying the general discomfiture of the poor
+ladies, who were equally laughed at by the lookers-on, on shore.... We
+left Torbay, on the 26th July at 4 A.M., and at 4 in the evening came
+to an anchor in Plymouth Sound, just within the breakwater, then only
+beginning to shew its head above water at low tide. It has since, I am
+told, been made a splendid affair; but it then only afforded footing
+for a few gazers from the shore, who perched themselves upon it to
+watch the cabin-windows of the Bellerophon, in hopes of getting a
+glimpse of the Emperor.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The signal for the Emperor's being on deck was the officers
+uncovering. No sooner was this ceremony noticed, than the rush from
+without took place, and the screaming and swearing commenced, which
+was very considerably heightened upon one occasion by a plan of some
+of our wise-headed young gentlemen. Being in want of amusement, they
+bethought them of priming the fire engine, which happened to be
+standing on the poop, and after clapping a relay of hands ready to ply
+it to advantage, we uncovered, and waited the approach of the boats.
+No sooner were they within reach, than off went the water-spout, which
+fell "alike on the just and the unjust," for both the dockyard men and
+the spectators who came within its compass got a good ducking. This
+prank created an infernal confusion, and our trick having been twigged
+by the first lieutenant, the chief actors in this notable exploit were
+ordered up to the mast-head to enjoy their frolic for a few hours,
+which evidently much gratified the unfortunate sufferers from the
+effects of the operation.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Maitland, knowing how he stood with "the powers that be," was
+determined not to commit himself by accepting of any present of value
+from Napoleon, as he knew it would be directly made a handle of to
+injure his character as a British officer. He, therefore, I believe,
+refused to accept of a gold snuff-box tendered him by the Emperor as a
+mark of his esteem, but he did not refuse the offer of a few dozens of
+French wine, as a present to Mrs Maitland, who had been personally
+introduced to Napoleon, as far as introduction was possible, that is,
+she had been permitted to come within a foot or two of the ship, and
+Napoleon most condescendingly stepped to the gangway, smiled and bowed
+to her. Mrs Maitland was a charming little woman in those
+days,--alas! we are all getting old now,--a daughter of green Erin,
+and Napoleon seemed greatly pleased with her appearance, hence the
+offer of this trifling present as a token of respect. The captain took
+it on shore in the gig, and no sooner had she struck the beach than
+the custom-house officers jumped on board, and made a seizure of it,
+hauled the boat up upon the beach, and clapped his Majesty's broad
+arrow upon her, that fatal mark indicative of being in "the hands of
+the Philistines" of the revenue. I shall never forget Maitland's
+countenance when he came on board after this ridiculous and provoking
+affair. Being deprived of his own boat by "the land-sharks," he was
+obliged to hire a shore boat to bring off himself and his boat's crew,
+and she was nearly alongside before the first lieutenant discovered
+that there was a naval officer in her, and on taking a look with his
+glass, he exclaimed, "Good God! there is the captain coming off in a
+shore boat." The side was manned, and when Maitland stepped on board,
+he turned to Mott with a most rueful countenance, remarking, "they
+have seized the wine." This was petty work, and to make the thing more
+provoking, they had poor Maitland stuck up next day in the Plymothian
+journals as having been detected in the act of conveying wine and
+other presents on shore, received from Napoleon. What was the fate of
+the wine, I do not know, but the gig, of course, was restored
+immediately, and I should suppose the wine also, considering the
+shameful nature of the seizure.
+
+On the 4th of August we left Plymouth Sound in company with the
+Tonnant, bearing the flag of Admiral Lord Keith, and on the 6th we
+came to an anchor off Berryhead, there to wait the arrival of the
+Northumberland, which was hourly expected. She made her appearance in
+the course of the day, and after due salutes from both admiral's
+ships, in which noisy greeting we of course joined, for we are very
+polite at sea, in our own thundering way, she took up her station
+close by us.
+
+Towards evening Lord Keith came on board of us, and had a long
+personal interview with Napoleon in the cabin, which we may judge was
+not of the pleasantest nature. From some intemperate threat of Savary,
+I believe, who had declared that he would not allow his master to
+leave the Bellerophon alive, to go into such wretched captivity, it
+was judged proper to deprive the refugees of their arms. A good many
+swords, and several brace of pistols, marked with a large silver N. at
+the butt end, were brought down to the gun-room, where they remained
+for some hours. Three of the swords belonged to Napoleon, and two of
+them were pointed out to us as those he wore at Marengo and
+Austerlitz.
+
+I never in my life felt such a strong inclination to lay my hands on
+what was not my own. A sword I durst not think of, but could I have
+got a brace of pistols, or even one solitary pistol, belonging to
+Napoleon, I would have thought myself the happiest man alive; but it
+would not do, detection was certain, and with bitter vexation I saw
+them carried out of the gun-room. Now, reader, do you think this
+would have been a pardonable theft? Their value was nothing in my
+eyes; it was a relic of the great man I wanted, and I cared not what
+it was, or how I came by it; therefore, had I been able to secure a
+pistol, my conscience would never have smote me with having done
+wrong; and I am sure, could the Emperor have known with what a pure
+spirit of devotion I meant to commit the theft, he would have ordered
+me a brace instantly.
+
+It was this night settled that our surgeon, Barry O'Meara, who
+afterwards became so conspicuous for his spirited defence of his
+patient against the tyranny of Sir Hudson Lowe (I hate to write that
+man's name,) should follow Napoleon to St Helena in the character of
+surgeon, his own, who looked a poor creature, and was continually
+sea-sick while on board, having declined, I believe, to accompany him
+farther, and the 7th was appointed for Napoleon leaving the ship.
+
+The 7th came; it was a dull cloudy sunless day, and every countenance
+was overcast with gloom. We had not seen the Emperor for a week, and
+we were all anxious to observe the change that the horrible tidings of
+his destination had made upon him. Lord Keith, Admiral Cockburn, and
+Captain Ross, came on board about eleven o'clock; and it was intimated
+to Napoleon, that they were ready to conduct him on board the
+Northumberland. A general's guard of marines was drawn up on the
+quarter-deck, to receive him as he came out of the cabin; while part
+of his suite, and we officers, were ranged about, anxiously waiting
+the appearance of the future exile of St Helena.
+
+Napoleon was long of attending to the intimation of the Admiral's; and
+upon Cockburn's becoming impatient, and remarking to old Lord Keith
+that he should be put in mind, Keith replied, "No, no, much greater
+men than either you or I have waited longer for him before now; let
+him take his time, let him take his time." This was nobly said of the
+fine old Scotchman; and although Cockburn and I are blood relations,
+and I have a particular penchant for my lineage, I cannot help
+remarking that his manner denoted a great want of feeling. I suppose
+he was pitched upon by Castlereagh as a proper tool to execute his
+harsh commands.
+
+At length Napoleon appeared, but oh, how sadly changed from the time
+we had last seen him on deck. Though quite plain, he was scrupulously
+cleanly in his person and dress, but that had been forgot, his clothes
+were ill put on, his beard unshaved, and his countenance pale and
+haggard. There was a want of firmness in his gait; his brow was
+overcast, and his whole visage bespoke the deepest melancholy; and it
+needed but a glance to convince the most careless observer that
+Napoleon considered himself a doomed man. In this trying hour,
+however, he lost not his courtesy or presence of mind; instinctively
+he raised his hat to the guard of marines, when they presented arms as
+he passed, slightly inclined his head, and even smiled to us officers
+as he passed through us, returned the salute of the admirals with calm
+dignity, and, walking up to Captain Maitland, addressed him with great
+eagerness for nearly ten minutes.
+
+How distinct is every feature, every trait, every line of that
+majestic countenance in my mind's eye at this moment, now that
+two-and-twenty years have passed away; but who could witness such a
+scene and ever forget it? The Romans said that a "great man struggling
+with adversity was a sight that the gods looked on with pleasure."
+Here, indeed, was adversity, and here was true greatness struggling
+against it; but to a mere mortal it was a heart-rending sight. The
+ship's deck looked like a place of execution, and we only wanted the
+headsman, his block, and his axe, to complete the scene.
+
+The purport of his speech to Captain Maitland, was thanking _him_, his
+officers, and ship's company, for the polite attention he had received
+while on board of the Bellerophon, which he should ever hold in kind
+remembrance. Something more he would have said after the first pause,
+and a feeling of deep emotion laboured in his face, and swelled his
+breast, he looked earnestly in Maitland's face for a moment, as if he
+was about to renew his speech, but utterance seemed denied; and,
+slightly moving his hat in salutation, he turned to Savary and
+L'Allemand, who were not allowed to accompany him to St Helena, and
+spoke to them for a few minutes.
+
+What a horrid gloom overhung the ship: had his execution been about
+to take place there could not have prevailed a more dead silence, so
+much so, that had a pin fallen from one of the tops on the deck, I am
+convinced it would have been heard; and to any one who has known the
+general buzz of one of our seventy-fours, even at the quietest hour,
+it is a proof how deeply the attention of every man on board must have
+been riveted. Before leaving the ship he turned to us on the
+quarter-deck, once more waved his hand in token of adieu, took hold of
+the man-ropes, and walked down the side, taking his seat in the
+Northumberland's barge between Lord Keith and Admiral Cockburn.
+
+Even in this hour of hopeless misery, he lost not sight of that
+indescribable charm by which he won the hearts of men. On looking back
+to the ship he saw every head, that could get stuck out of a port,
+gazing after him; even the rough countenances of the men bespoke a
+sympathy for his cruel fate, and, apparently conscious of their
+feelings, the exiled chief again lifted his hat, and inclined his head
+to the gazing ship's company.
+
+
+THE END.
+
+PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Surrender of Napoleon, by 
+Sir Frederick Lewis Maitland
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